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class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Hive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>The Hive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Hive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vehicular_tour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vehicular_tour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Vehicular tour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vehicular_tour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compost_heap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compost_heap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Compost heap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compost_heap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guided_walks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guided_walks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Guided walks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guided_walks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plant_houses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plant_houses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Plant houses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plant_houses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alpine_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alpine_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.1</span> <span>Alpine House</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alpine_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nash_Conservatory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nash_Conservatory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.2</span> <span>Nash Conservatory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nash_Conservatory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orangery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orangery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.3</span> <span>Orangery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orangery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palm_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palm_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.4</span> <span>Palm House</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palm_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Princess_of_Wales_Conservatory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Princess_of_Wales_Conservatory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.5</span> <span>Princess of Wales Conservatory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Princess_of_Wales_Conservatory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Temperate_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Temperate_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.6</span> <span>The Temperate House</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Temperate_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waterlily_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waterlily_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.7</span> <span>Waterlily House</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waterlily_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.8</span> <span>Evolution House</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolution_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bonsai_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bonsai_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.9</span> <span>Bonsai House</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bonsai_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_plant_houses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_plant_houses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.10</span> <span>Former plant houses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_plant_houses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ornamental_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ornamental_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Ornamental buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ornamental_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Great_Pagoda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Great_Pagoda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1</span> <span>Great Pagoda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Great_Pagoda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_Gateway_(Chokushi-Mon)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_Gateway_(Chokushi-Mon)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.2</span> <span>Japanese Gateway (Chokushi-Mon)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_Gateway_(Chokushi-Mon)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minka_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minka_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.3</span> <span>Minka House</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minka_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Queen_Charlotte's_Cottage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Queen_Charlotte's_Cottage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.4</span> <span>Queen Charlotte's Cottage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Queen_Charlotte's_Cottage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-King_William's_Temple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#King_William's_Temple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.5</span> <span>King William's Temple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-King_William's_Temple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temple_of_Aeolus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temple_of_Aeolus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.6</span> <span>Temple of Aeolus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temple_of_Aeolus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temple_of_Arethusa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temple_of_Arethusa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.7</span> <span>Temple of Arethusa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temple_of_Arethusa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temple_of_Bellona" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temple_of_Bellona"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.8</span> <span>Temple of Bellona</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temple_of_Bellona-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Ruined_Arch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Ruined_Arch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.9</span> <span>The Ruined Arch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Ruined_Arch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ice_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ice_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.10</span> <span>Ice House</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ice_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kew_Palace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kew_Palace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Kew Palace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kew_Palace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galleries_and_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galleries_and_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Galleries and museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galleries_and_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shirley_Sherwood_Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shirley_Sherwood_Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.1</span> <span>Shirley Sherwood Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shirley_Sherwood_Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museum_No._1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum_No._1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.2</span> <span>Museum No. 1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum_No._1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marianne_North_Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marianne_North_Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.3</span> <span>Marianne North Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marianne_North_Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_museum_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_museum_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.4</span> <span>Former museum buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_museum_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Science</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Science-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Science subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plant_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plant_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Plant collections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plant_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Herbarium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herbarium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Herbarium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herbarium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Library_and_Archives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Library_and_Archives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Library and Archives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Library_and_Archives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forensic_horticulture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forensic_horticulture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Forensic horticulture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forensic_horticulture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_Botany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_Botany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Economic Botany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_Botany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jodrell_Laboratory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jodrell_Laboratory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Jodrell Laboratory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jodrell_Laboratory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Achievements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Achievements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Achievements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Achievements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kew_Constabulary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kew_Constabulary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Kew Constabulary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kew_Constabulary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_memorials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_memorials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>War memorials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_memorials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food_and_Drink" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_and_Drink"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Food and Drink</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_and_Drink-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Access_and_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Access_and_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Access and transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Access_and_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kew Gardens</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88" title="حدائق كيو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حدائق كيو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Xard%C3%ADn_Bot%C3%A1nicu_de_Kew" title="Real Xardín Botánicu de Kew – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Real Xardín Botánicu de Kew" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyu_kral_botanika_ba%C4%9Flar%C4%B1" title="Kyu kral botanika bağları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kyu kral botanika bağları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%9A%E2%80%99%D1%8E" title="Каралеўскія батанічныя сады К’ю – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каралеўскія батанічныя сады К’ю" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Кралска ботаническа градина (Лондон) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кралска ботаническа градина (Лондон)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reial_Jard%C3%AD_Bot%C3%A0nic_de_Kew" title="Reial Jardí Botànic de Kew – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Reial Jardí Botànic de Kew" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew_Royal_Botanic_Gardens" title="Kew Royal Botanic Gardens – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kew Royal Botanic Gardens" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A1lovsk%C3%A9_botanick%C3%A9_zahrady_(Kew)" title="Královské botanické zahrady (Kew) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Královské botanické zahrady (Kew)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerddi_Kew" title="Gerddi Kew – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gerddi Kew" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kew Gardens" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens_(Kew)" title="Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew%27_botaanikaaed" title="Kew' botaanikaaed – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kew' botaanikaaed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Jard%C3%ADn_Bot%C3%A1nico_de_Kew" title="Real Jardín Botánico de Kew – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Real Jardín Botánico de Kew" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C4%9Da_Botanika_%C4%9Cardeno_de_Londono" title="Reĝa Botanika Ĝardeno de Londono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Reĝa Botanika Ĝardeno de Londono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew_Errege_Lorategi_Botanikoa" title="Kew Errege Lorategi Botanikoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kew Errege Lorategi Botanikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88" title="باغ‌های گیاه‌شناسی پادشاهی، کیو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باغ‌های گیاه‌شناسی پادشاهی، کیو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardins_botaniques_royaux_de_Kew" title="Jardins botaniques royaux de Kew – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jardins botaniques royaux de Kew" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Kew Gardens" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%90_%EC%99%95%EB%A6%BD%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC%EC%9B%90" title="큐 왕립식물원 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="큐 왕립식물원" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Քյուի թագավորական բուսաբանական այգիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քյուի թագավորական բուսաբանական այգիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljevski_botani%C4%8Dki_vrtovi_u_Kewu" title="Kraljevski botanički vrtovi u Kewu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kraljevski botanički vrtovi u Kewu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebun_Botani_Kew" title="Kebun Botani Kew – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kebun Botani Kew" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konunglegi_grasagar%C3%B0urinn_%C3%AD_Kew" title="Konunglegi grasagarðurinn í Kew – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Konunglegi grasagarðurinn í Kew" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kew Gardens" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%95" title="גני קיו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גני קיו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಕ್ಯೂ ಸಸ್ಯೋದ್ಯಾನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ಯೂ ಸಸ್ಯೋದ್ಯಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="კიუს სამეფო ბოტანიკური ბაღები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კიუს სამეფო ბოტანიკური ბაღები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C5%AB_d%C4%81rzs" title="Kjū dārzs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kjū dārzs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kju_sodai" title="Kju sodai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kju sodai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kew Gardens" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9A%D1%98%D1%83" title="Кралски ботанички градини во Кју – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кралски ботанички градини во Кју" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82_%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ക്യൂ ഗാർഡൻസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്യൂ ഗാർഡൻസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0onna_Botani%C4%8Bi_Rjali_ta%27_Kew" title="Ġonna Botaniċi Rjali ta' Kew – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġonna Botaniċi Rjali ta' Kew" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taman_Botani_Diraja,_Kew" title="Taman Botani Diraja, Kew – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Taman Botani Diraja, Kew" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A5%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA" title="ကျူဂါးဒင်းဥယျာဉ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကျူဂါးဒင်းဥယျာဉ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kew Gardens" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3" title="キューガーデン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キューガーデン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens_i_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens i Kew – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Royal Botanic Gardens i Kew" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens_i_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens i Kew – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Royal Botanic Gardens i Kew" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardins_botanics_reials_de_Kew" title="Jardins botanics reials de Kew – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jardins botanics reials de Kew" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%BE%DA%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کیو پھلواری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیو پھلواری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kew Gardens" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reais_Jardins_Bot%C3%A2nicos_de_Kew" title="Reais Jardins Botânicos de Kew – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reais Jardins Botânicos de Kew" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D1%8C%D1%8E" title="Королевские ботанические сады Кью – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Королевские ботанические сады Кью" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kew Gardens" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljevski_botani%C4%8Dki_vrtovi_u_Kjuu" title="Kraljevski botanički vrtovi u Kjuu – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kraljevski botanički vrtovi u Kjuu" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljevski_botani%C4%8Dki_vrtovi_u_Kewu" title="Kraljevski botanički vrtovi u Kewu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kraljevski botanički vrtovi u Kewu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebon_Botani_Kew" title="Kebon Botani Kew – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kebon Botani Kew" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kew Gardens" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE" title="கியூ தாவரவியற் பூங்கா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கியூ தாவரவியற் பூங்கா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7" title="สวนพฤกษศาสตร์หลวงเมืองคิว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สวนพฤกษศาสตร์หลวงเมืองคิว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kew_Bah%C3%A7eleri" title="Kew Bahçeleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kew Bahçeleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%27%D1%8E" title="Королівські ботанічні сади в К'ю – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Королівські ботанічні сади в К'ю" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کیو باغات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیو باغات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dn_th%E1%BB%B1c_v%E1%BA%ADt_Kew" title="Vườn thực vật Kew – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vườn thực vật Kew" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E5%9B%AD" title="秋园 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="秋园" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A3%98%E5%9C%92" title="裘園 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="裘園" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%B1%E5%9B%AD" title="邱园 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="邱园" data-language-autonym="中文" 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class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kew_Gardens&params=51_28_44_N_00_17_37_W_type:landmark_region:GB-RIC"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°28′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">00°17′37″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.47889°N 0.29361°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.47889; -0.29361</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Botanic garden in London, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the botanical gardens in south-west London. For the non-departmental public body, see <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kew Gardens (disambiguation)">Kew Gardens (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #abdb75; line-height: 140%;">Kew Gardens</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Gardens_Palm_House,_London_-_July_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kew_Gardens_Palm_House%2C_London_-_July_2009.jpg/300px-Kew_Gardens_Palm_House%2C_London_-_July_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kew_Gardens_Palm_House%2C_London_-_July_2009.jpg/450px-Kew_Gardens_Palm_House%2C_London_-_July_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kew_Gardens_Palm_House%2C_London_-_July_2009.jpg/600px-Kew_Gardens_Palm_House%2C_London_-_July_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7499" data-file-height="4240" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A view across the gardens to the <a href="/wiki/Palm_House,_Kew_Gardens" title="Palm House, Kew Gardens">Palm House</a> in Kew Gardens, in London, England</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 230px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="230" data-zoom="12" data-lat="51.4788" data-lon="-0.2957" data-overlays="["_2636b2e16467cb0515d092fc68fa962a72599252"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/12/51.4788/-0.2957/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,51.4788,-0.2957,300x230.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Kew_Gardens&revid=1258554649&groups=_2636b2e16467cb0515d092fc68fa962a72599252" width="300" height="230" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,51.4788,-0.2957,300x230@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Kew_Gardens&revid=1258554649&groups=_2636b2e16467cb0515d092fc68fa962a72599252 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="category"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Botanical</td></tr><tr class="label"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">London Borough of Richmond upon Thames</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kew_Gardens&params=51_28_44_N_00_17_37_W_type:landmark_region:GB-RIC"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°28′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">00°17′37″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.47889°N 0.29361°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.47889; -0.29361</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">121 hectares (300 acres)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opened</th><td class="infobox-data">1759<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1759</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Visitors</th><td class="infobox-data">more than 1.35 million per year</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Species</th><td class="infobox-data">> 50,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Public transit access</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground"><img alt="London Underground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/London_Overground" title="London Overground"><img alt="London Overground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Overground_roundel_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="520" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens_station_(London)" title="Kew Gardens station (London)">Kew Gardens</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org">www<wbr />.kew<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1084">1084</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2003 (27th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">132 ha (330 acres)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Buffer zone</th><td class="infobox-data category">350 ha (860 acres)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Gardens_Temperate_House_from_the_Pagoda_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227173.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kew_Gardens_Temperate_House_from_the_Pagoda_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227173.jpg/310px-Kew_Gardens_Temperate_House_from_the_Pagoda_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227173.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kew_Gardens_Temperate_House_from_the_Pagoda_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227173.jpg/465px-Kew_Gardens_Temperate_House_from_the_Pagoda_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227173.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Kew_Gardens_Temperate_House_from_the_Pagoda_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227173.jpg/620px-Kew_Gardens_Temperate_House_from_the_Pagoda_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227173.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption> Kew Gardens Temperate House from the Pagoda</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kew Gardens</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanic garden</a> in southwest <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> that houses the "largest and most diverse <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botanical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mycology" title="Mycology">mycological</a> collections in the world".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Founded in 1840, from the exotic garden at Kew Park, its living collections include some of the 27,000 taxa<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> curated by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Herbarium" title="Herbarium">herbarium</a>, one of the largest in the world, has over <span class="nowrap">8.5 million</span> preserved plant and fungal specimens.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The library contains more than 750,000 volumes, and the illustrations collection contains more than 175,000 prints and drawings of plants. It is one of London's top tourist attractions and is a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites">World Heritage Site</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kew Gardens, together with the botanic gardens at <a href="/wiki/Wakehurst_Place" title="Wakehurst Place">Wakehurst</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a>, are managed by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, an internationally important <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botanical</a> research and education institution that employs over 1,100 staff and is a <a href="/wiki/Non-departmental_public_body" title="Non-departmental public body">non-departmental public body</a> sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Environment,_Food_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs">Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dyduch_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dyduch-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kew site, which has been dated as formally starting in 1759,<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_1084_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO_1084-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it can be traced back to the exotic garden at Kew Park, formed by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Capell,_1st_Baron_Capell_of_Tewkesbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Capell, 1st Baron Capell of Tewkesbury">Henry, Lord Capell</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tewkesbury" title="Tewkesbury">Tewkesbury</a>, consists of 132 hectares (330 acres)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Garden" title="Garden">gardens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse" title="Greenhouse">botanical glasshouses</a>, four Grade I <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed buildings</a>, and 36 Grade II listed structures, all set in an internationally significant landscape.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is listed Grade I on the <a href="/wiki/Register_of_Historic_Parks_and_Gardens_of_special_historic_interest_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England">Register of Historic Parks and Gardens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NHLE_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHLE-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kew Gardens has its own police force, <a href="/wiki/Kew_Constabulary" title="Kew Constabulary">Kew Constabulary</a>, which has been in operation since 1845.<sup id="cite_ref-KewHistoryQuiz_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KewHistoryQuiz-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flagpole,_Kew_Gardens_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227188.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flagpole%2C_Kew_Gardens_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227188.jpg/220px-Flagpole%2C_Kew_Gardens_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227188.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flagpole%2C_Kew_Gardens_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227188.jpg/330px-Flagpole%2C_Kew_Gardens_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227188.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flagpole%2C_Kew_Gardens_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227188.jpg/440px-Flagpole%2C_Kew_Gardens_-_geograph.org.uk_-_227188.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>The flagpole at Kew Gardens, which stood from 1959 until 2007</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Kew" title="Kew">Kew</a> consists mostly of the gardens themselves and a small surrounding community.<sup id="cite_ref-Malden_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malden-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Royal residences in the area which would later influence the layout and construction of the gardens began in 1299 when <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I</a> moved his court to a manor house in neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_London" title="Richmond, London">Richmond</a> (then called Sheen).<sup id="cite_ref-Malden_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malden-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That manor house was later abandoned; however, <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a> built Sheen Palace in 1501, which, under the name <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Palace" title="Richmond Palace">Richmond Palace</a>, became a permanent royal residence for <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around the start of the 16th century courtiers attending Richmond Palace settled in Kew and built large houses.<sup id="cite_ref-Malden_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malden-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early royal residences at Kew included <a href="/wiki/Mary_I_of_England" title="Mary I of England">Mary Tudor</a>'s house, which was in existence by 1522 when a driveway was built to connect it to the palace at Richmond.<sup id="cite_ref-Malden_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malden-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1600, the land that would become the gardens was known as Kew Field, a large field <a href="/wiki/Strip_farming" title="Strip farming">strip farmed</a> by one of the new private estates.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The exotic garden at Kew Park, formed by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Capell,_1st_Baron_Capell_of_Tewkesbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Capell, 1st Baron Capell of Tewkesbury">Henry Capell, 1st Baron Capell of Tewkesbury</a>, was enlarged and extended by <a href="/wiki/Princess_Augusta_of_Saxe-Gotha" title="Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha">Augusta, Dowager Princess of Wales</a>, the widow of <a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Frederick, Prince of Wales">Frederick, Prince of Wales</a>. The origins of Kew Gardens can be traced to the merging of the royal estates of Richmond and Kew in 1772.<sup id="cite_ref-Advisory_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Advisory-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Chambers_(architect)" title="William Chambers (architect)">William Chambers</a> built several garden structures, including the lofty <a href="/wiki/Great_Pagoda,_Kew_Gardens" title="Great Pagoda, Kew Gardens">Great Pagoda</a> built in 1761 which still remains. <a href="/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of the United Kingdom">George III</a> enriched the gardens, aided by <a href="/wiki/William_Aiton" title="William Aiton">William Aiton</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks">Joseph Banks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The old Kew Park (by then renamed the White House), was demolished in 1802. The "Dutch House" adjoining was purchased by George III in 1781 as a nursery for the royal children. It is a plain brick structure now known as <a href="/wiki/Kew_Palace" title="Kew Palace">Kew Palace</a>. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Epicure%27s_Almanack" title="The Epicure's Almanack">The Epicure's Almanack</a></i> reports an anecdote of the garden wall as of 1815: "In going up Dreary Lane that leads to Richmond you pass along the east boundary wall of Kew Gardens, extending more than a mile in length. This dead wall used to have a most teasing and tedious effect on the eye of a pedestrian; but a poor mendicant crippled seaman, some years ago, enlivened it by drawing on it, in chalk, every man of war in the British navy. He returns annually to the spot to refit his ships, and raises considerable supplies for his own victualling board from the gratuities of the charitable, who pass to and from Richmond."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some early plants came from the walled garden established by William Coys at <a href="/wiki/Stubbers" title="Stubbers">Stubbers in North Ockendon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The collections grew somewhat haphazardly until the appointment of the first collector, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Masson" title="Francis Masson">Francis Masson</a>, in 1771.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Capability_Brown" title="Capability Brown">Capability Brown</a>, who became England's most renowned <a href="/wiki/Landscape_architect" title="Landscape architect">landscape architect</a>, applied for the position of master gardener at Kew, and was rejected.<sup id="cite_ref-kew_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kew-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1840, the gardens were adopted as a national <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a>, in large part due to the efforts of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">Royal Horticultural Society</a> and its president <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish,_6th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire">William Cavendish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Kew's director, <a href="/wiki/William_Jackson_Hooker" title="William Jackson Hooker">William Hooker</a>, the gardens were increased to 30 <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectares</a> (75 acres) and the <a href="/wiki/Pleasure_ground" title="Pleasure ground">pleasure grounds</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Arboretum" title="Arboretum">arboretum</a>, extended to 109 hectares (270 acres), and later to its present size of 121 hectares (300 acres). The first curator was <a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(botanist)" title="John Smith (botanist)">John Smith</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew-tea-house.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dc/Kew-tea-house.jpg/220px-Kew-tea-house.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dc/Kew-tea-house.jpg/330px-Kew-tea-house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dc/Kew-tea-house.jpg/440px-Kew-tea-house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>The Tea House at Kew Gardens after the arson attack in 1913 by <a href="/wiki/Suffragette" title="Suffragette">suffragettes</a> <a href="/wiki/Olive_Wharry" title="Olive Wharry">Olive Wharry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lilian_Lenton" title="Lilian Lenton">Lilian Lenton</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Palm_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm House">Palm House</a> was built by architect <a href="/wiki/Decimus_Burton" title="Decimus Burton">Decimus Burton</a> and iron-maker <a href="/wiki/Richard_Turner_(iron-founder)" title="Richard Turner (iron-founder)">Richard Turner</a> between 1844 and 1848, and was the first large-scale structural use of <a href="/wiki/Wrought_iron" title="Wrought iron">wrought iron</a>. It is considered "the world's most important surviving Victorian glass and iron structure".<sup id="cite_ref-Palm_House_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palm_House-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The structure's panes of glass are all hand-blown. The <a href="/wiki/Temperate_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate House">Temperate House</a>, which is twice as large as the Palm House, followed later in the 19th century. It is now the largest <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> glasshouse in existence. Kew was the location of the successful effort in the 19th century to propagate <a href="/wiki/Hevea_brasiliensis" title="Hevea brasiliensis">rubber trees</a> for cultivation outside South America. </p><p>In February 1913, the Tea House was burned down by <a href="/wiki/Suffragette" title="Suffragette">suffragettes</a> <a href="/wiki/Olive_Wharry" title="Olive Wharry">Olive Wharry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lilian_Lenton" title="Lilian Lenton">Lilian Lenton</a> during a series of arson attacks in London.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kew Gardens lost hundreds of trees in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Storm_of_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Storm of 1987">Great Storm of 1987</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bone_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bone-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1959 to 2007, Kew Gardens had the tallest flagpole in Britain. Made from a single <a href="/wiki/Douglas-fir" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas-fir">Douglas-fir</a> from Canada, it was given to mark both the centenary of the Canadian province of <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> and the bicentenary of Kew Gardens. The flagpole was removed after damage by weather and woodpeckers made it a danger.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2003, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Educational,_Scientific_and_Cultural_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization">UNESCO</a> put the gardens on its list of <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites">World Heritage Sites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_1084_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO_1084-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A five-year, £41 million revamp of the Temperate House was completed in May 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Five trees survive from the establishment of the botanical gardens in 1762. Together they are known as the 'Five Lions' and consist of: a ginkgo (<i><a href="/wiki/Ginkgo_biloba" title="Ginkgo biloba">Ginkgo biloba</a></i>), a pagoda tree, or scholar tree (<i><a href="/wiki/Styphnolobium_japonicum" title="Styphnolobium japonicum">Styphnolobium japonicum</a></i>), an oriental plane (<i><a href="/wiki/Platanus_orientalis" title="Platanus orientalis">Platanus orientalis</a></i>),<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a black locust, or false acacia (<i><a href="/wiki/Robinia_pseudoacacia" title="Robinia pseudoacacia">Robinia pseudoacacia</a></i>), and a Caucasian elm or zelkova (<i><a href="/wiki/Zelkova_carpinifolia" title="Zelkova carpinifolia">Zelkova carpinifolia</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treetop_walkway">Treetop walkway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Treetop walkway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Canopy_walkway" title="Canopy walkway">canopy walkway</a>, which opened in 2008,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> takes visitors on a 200 metres (660 ft) walk 18 metres (59 ft) above the ground, in the tree canopy of a woodland <a href="/wiki/Glade_(geography)" title="Glade (geography)">glade</a>. Visitors can ascend and descend by stairs and by a <a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">lift</a>. The walkway floor is perforated metal and flexes under foot; the entire structure sways in the wind. It was designed by <a href="/wiki/David_Marks_(architect)" title="David Marks (architect)">David Marks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The accompanying photograph shows a section of the walkway, including the steel supports, which were designed to rust to a tree-like appearance to help the walkway fit in visually with its surroundings.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A short video detailing the construction of the walkway is available online.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:608px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Gardens_Treetop_Walkway_-_Sept_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panoramic view of the treetop walkway. It stands 18 metres (59 ft) above ground."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kew_Gardens_Treetop_Walkway_-_Sept_2008.jpg/600px-Kew_Gardens_Treetop_Walkway_-_Sept_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kew_Gardens_Treetop_Walkway_-_Sept_2008.jpg/900px-Kew_Gardens_Treetop_Walkway_-_Sept_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kew_Gardens_Treetop_Walkway_-_Sept_2008.jpg/1200px-Kew_Gardens_Treetop_Walkway_-_Sept_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8245" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Gardens_Treetop_Walkway_-_Sept_2008.jpg" title="File:Kew Gardens Treetop Walkway - Sept 2008.jpg"> </a></div>A panoramic view of the treetop walkway. It stands 18 metres (59 ft) above ground.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lake_Crossing">Lake Crossing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lake Crossing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Gradens_Sackler_Crossing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Kew_Gradens_Sackler_Crossing.jpg/220px-Kew_Gradens_Sackler_Crossing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Kew_Gradens_Sackler_Crossing.jpg/330px-Kew_Gradens_Sackler_Crossing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Kew_Gradens_Sackler_Crossing.jpg/440px-Kew_Gradens_Sackler_Crossing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2622" data-file-height="1761" /></a><figcaption>The Lake Crossing</figcaption></figure></div></div> <p>The Lake Crossing bridge, made of granite and bronze, opened in May 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-KewLakeCrossing_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KewLakeCrossing-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Designed by <a href="/wiki/Buro_Happold" title="Buro Happold">Buro Happold</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Pawson" title="John Pawson">John Pawson</a>, it crosses the lake and was previously named in honor of <a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Sackler" title="Mortimer Sackler">Dr Mortimer and Theresa Sackler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The minimalist-styled bridge is designed as a sweeping double curve of black granite. The sides of the bridge are formed of bronze posts that give the impression, from certain angles, of forming a solid wall while, from others, and to those on the bridge, they are clearly individual entities that allow a view of the water beyond.<sup id="cite_ref-KewLakeCrossing_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KewLakeCrossing-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bridge forms part of a path designed to encourage visitors to visit more of the gardens than had hitherto been popular and connects the two art galleries, via the Temperate and Evolution Houses and the woodland glade, to the Minka House and the Bamboo Garden.<sup id="cite_ref-KewMap_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KewMap-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The crossing won a special award from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects" title="Royal Institute of British Architects">Royal Institute of British Architects</a> in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Hive">The Hive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Hive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1034237262"><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Hive_installation_Kew_Gardens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/The_Hive_installation_Kew_Gardens.jpg/220px-The_Hive_installation_Kew_Gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/The_Hive_installation_Kew_Gardens.jpg/330px-The_Hive_installation_Kew_Gardens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/The_Hive_installation_Kew_Gardens.jpg/440px-The_Hive_installation_Kew_Gardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The Hive</figcaption></figure></div></div> <p>The Hive opened in 2016 and is a multi-sensory experience designed to highlight the extraordinary life of bees. It stands 17 metres (56 ft) tall and is set in a wildflower meadow. The Hive was designed by English artist <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Buttress" title="Wolfgang Buttress">Wolfgang Buttress</a>. The Hive has been created using thousands of aluminium pieces that are presented in the shape of a honeycomb. It was initially installed as a temporary exhibition, but was given a permanent home at Kew Gardens due to its popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vehicular_tour">Vehicular tour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Vehicular tour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kew Explorer is a service that takes a circular route around the gardens, provided by two 72-seater <a href="/wiki/Trackless_train" title="Trackless train">road trains</a> that are fuelled by <a href="/wiki/Calor_Gas" title="Calor Gas">Calor Gas</a> to minimize pollution. A commentary is provided by the driver and there are several stops.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A map of the gardens is available on the Kew Gardens website.<sup id="cite_ref-KewMap_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KewMap-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compost_heap">Compost heap</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Compost heap"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kew has one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Composting" class="mw-redirect" title="Composting">compost heaps</a> in Europe, made from green and woody waste from the gardens and the manure from the stables of the <a href="/wiki/Household_Cavalry" title="Household Cavalry">Household Cavalry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-new_compost_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new_compost-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The compost is mainly used in the gardens, but on occasion has been auctioned as part of a fundraising event for the gardens.<sup id="cite_ref-Compost_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Compost-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The compost heap is in an area of the gardens not accessible to the public,<sup id="cite_ref-new_compost_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new_compost-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but a viewing platform, made of wood which had been illegally traded but seized by Customs officers in <a href="/wiki/HMRC" class="mw-redirect" title="HMRC">HMRC</a>, has been erected to allow visitors to observe the heap as it goes through its cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-Compost_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Compost-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guided_walks">Guided walks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Guided walks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tours of the gardens are conducted daily by trained volunteers.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plant_houses">Plant houses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Plant houses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alpine_House">Alpine House</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Alpine House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1034237262"><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alpine_House,_Kew_Gardens,_2018_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A narrow semicircular building of glass and steel latticework stands at the right, set amid an area of worked rock with a line of deciduous trees in the rear left, under a blue sky filled with large puffy white clouds. In front of it, curving slightly away to the left, is a wooden platform with benches on it and a thin metal guardrail in front of a low wet area with bright red flowers." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Alpine_House%2C_Kew_Gardens%2C_2018_edit.jpg/220px-Alpine_House%2C_Kew_Gardens%2C_2018_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Alpine_House%2C_Kew_Gardens%2C_2018_edit.jpg/330px-Alpine_House%2C_Kew_Gardens%2C_2018_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Alpine_House%2C_Kew_Gardens%2C_2018_edit.jpg/440px-Alpine_House%2C_Kew_Gardens%2C_2018_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5376" data-file-height="3472" /></a><figcaption>The Davies Alpine House (2014)</figcaption></figure></div></div> <p>In March 2006, the Davies Alpine House opened, the third version of an alpine house since 1887. Although only 16 metres (52 ft) long the apex of the roof arch extends to a height of 10 metres (33 ft) in order to allow the natural airflow of a building of this shape to aid in the all-important ventilation required for the type of plants to be housed. </p><p>The new house features a set of automatically operated blinds that prevent it from overheating when the sun is too hot for the plants together with a system that blows a continuous stream of cool air over the plants. The main design aim of the house is to allow maximum light transmission. To this end the glass is of a special low iron type that allows 90 per cent of the ultraviolet light in sunlight to pass. It is attached by high tension steel cables so that no light is obstructed by traditional glazing bars. </p><p>To conserve energy the cooling air is not refrigerated but is cooled by being passed through a labyrinth of pipes buried under the house at a depth where the temperature remains suitable all year round. The house is designed so that the maximum temperature should not exceed 20 °C (68 °F). </p><p>Kew's collection of <a href="/wiki/Alpine_plant" title="Alpine plant">alpine plants</a> (defined as those that grow above the <a href="/wiki/Tree_line" title="Tree line">tree line</a> in their locale – ground level at the poles rising to over 2,000 metres (6,562 feet)), extends to over 7000. As the Alpine House can only house around 200 at a time the ones on show are regularly rotated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nash_Conservatory">Nash Conservatory</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Nash Conservatory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nash_conservatory_7047r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Nash_conservatory_7047r.jpg/220px-Nash_conservatory_7047r.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Nash_conservatory_7047r.jpg/330px-Nash_conservatory_7047r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Nash_conservatory_7047r.jpg/440px-Nash_conservatory_7047r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3528" data-file-height="2108" /></a><figcaption>The Nash Conservatory</figcaption></figure> <p>Originally designed for <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a>, this was moved to Kew in 1836 by <a href="/wiki/King_William_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="King William IV">King William IV</a>. The building was formerly known as the <b>Aroid House No. 1</b> and was used to display species of <a href="/wiki/Araceae" title="Araceae">Araceae</a>, the building was listed Grade II* in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With an abundance of natural light, the building is now used for various exhibitions, weddings, and private events. It is also now used to exhibit the winners of the photography competition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Orangery">Orangery</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Orangery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1034237262"><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Orangery_5138.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kew_Orangery_5138.JPG/280px-Kew_Orangery_5138.JPG" decoding="async" width="280" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kew_Orangery_5138.JPG/420px-Kew_Orangery_5138.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kew_Orangery_5138.JPG/560px-Kew_Orangery_5138.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3401" data-file-height="1621" /></a><figcaption>Kew Orangery</figcaption></figure></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Orangery" title="Orangery">Orangery</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was designed by <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Chambers" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Chambers">Sir William Chambers</a>, and was completed in 1761. It measures 28 by 10 metres (92 by 33 ft). It was found to be too dark for its intended purpose of growing <a href="/wiki/Citrus" title="Citrus">citrus</a> plants and they were moved out in 1841. After many changes of use, it is currently used as a restaurant. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Palm_House">Palm House</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Palm House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Palm_House,_Kew_Gardens" title="Palm House, Kew Gardens">Palm House, Kew Gardens</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Gardens_Palm_House,_London_-_July_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kew_Gardens_Palm_House%2C_London_-_July_2009.jpg/220px-Kew_Gardens_Palm_House%2C_London_-_July_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kew_Gardens_Palm_House%2C_London_-_July_2009.jpg/330px-Kew_Gardens_Palm_House%2C_London_-_July_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kew_Gardens_Palm_House%2C_London_-_July_2009.jpg/440px-Kew_Gardens_Palm_House%2C_London_-_July_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7499" data-file-height="4240" /></a><figcaption>The Palm House and Parterre</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Gardens_campanile_in_afternoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kew_Gardens_campanile_in_afternoon.jpg/170px-Kew_Gardens_campanile_in_afternoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kew_Gardens_campanile_in_afternoon.jpg/255px-Kew_Gardens_campanile_in_afternoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kew_Gardens_campanile_in_afternoon.jpg/340px-Kew_Gardens_campanile_in_afternoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3420" data-file-height="5220" /></a><figcaption>The disguised Palm House chimney, the "Shaft of the Great Palm-Stove", designed by <a href="/wiki/Decimus_Burton" title="Decimus Burton">Decimus Burton</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Palm House (1844–1848) was the result of cooperation between architect <a href="/wiki/Decimus_Burton" title="Decimus Burton">Decimus Burton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iron_founder" title="Iron founder">iron founder</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Turner_(iron-founder)" title="Richard Turner (iron-founder)">Richard Turner</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-houses_of_glass_p300_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-houses_of_glass_p300-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and continues upon the glass house design principles developed by <a href="/wiki/John_Claudius_Loudon" title="John Claudius Loudon">John Claudius Loudon</a><sup id="cite_ref-houses_of_glass_p140_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-houses_of_glass_p140-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-houses_of_glass_p296_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-houses_of_glass_p296-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paxton" title="Joseph Paxton">Joseph Paxton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-houses_of_glass_p296_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-houses_of_glass_p296-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A space frame of wrought iron arches, held together by horizontal tubular structures containing long prestressed cables,<sup id="cite_ref-houses_of_glass_p296_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-houses_of_glass_p296-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-houses_of_glass_p299_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-houses_of_glass_p299-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> supports glass panes which were originally<sup id="cite_ref-houses_of_glass_p300_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-houses_of_glass_p300-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tinted green with copper oxide to reduce the significant heating effect. The 19 metres (62 ft) high central nave is surrounded by a walkway at 9 metres (30 ft) height, allowing visitors a closer look upon the palm tree crowns. In front of the Palm House on the east side are the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Beasts" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Beasts">Queen's Beasts</a>, ten statues of animals bearing shields. They are <a href="/wiki/Portland_stone" title="Portland stone">Portland stone</a> replicas of originals done by <a href="/wiki/James_Woodford" title="James Woodford">James Woodford</a> and were placed here in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Palm House was originally heated by two coal-fired boilers, with a 107 feet (33 m) chimney, the "Shaft of the Great Palm-Stove", now known as the Campanile, near the Victoria Gate. Coal was brought in by a light railway, running in a tunnel, using human-propelled wagons. The tunnel acted as a flue between the boilers and the chimney, but the distance proved too great for efficient working, and so two small chimneys were added to the Palm House. In 1950 the railway was electrified. The tunnel is now used to carry piped hot water to the Palm House, from oil-fired boilers located near the original chimney, which is extant, and is <a href="/wiki/Grade_II_listed" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade II listed">Grade II listed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HE-Campanile_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HE-Campanile-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Princess_of_Wales_Conservatory">Princess of Wales Conservatory</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Princess of Wales Conservatory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Princess_of_Wales_Conservatory,_Kew_Gardens_-_July_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Princess_of_Wales_Conservatory%2C_Kew_Gardens_-_July_2009.jpg/280px-Princess_of_Wales_Conservatory%2C_Kew_Gardens_-_July_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Princess_of_Wales_Conservatory%2C_Kew_Gardens_-_July_2009.jpg/420px-Princess_of_Wales_Conservatory%2C_Kew_Gardens_-_July_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Princess_of_Wales_Conservatory%2C_Kew_Gardens_-_July_2009.jpg/560px-Princess_of_Wales_Conservatory%2C_Kew_Gardens_-_July_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12599" data-file-height="6552" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Wales" title="Princess of Wales">Princess of Wales</a> Conservatory</figcaption></figure> <p>Kew's third major conservatory, the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Wales" title="Princess of Wales">Princess of Wales</a> Conservatory, designed by architect Gordon Wilson, was opened in 1987 by <a href="/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Diana, Princess of Wales">Diana, Princess of Wales</a> in commemoration of her predecessor <a href="/wiki/Princess_Augusta_of_Saxe-Gotha" title="Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha">Augusta</a>'s associations with Kew.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It replaced 26 smaller buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-powc-secrets_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-powc-secrets-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1989 the conservatory received the Europa Nostra award for conservation.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conservatory houses ten computer-controlled micro-climatic zones, with the bulk of the greenhouse volume composed of Dry Tropics and Wet Tropics plants. Significant numbers of <a href="/wiki/Orchid" title="Orchid">orchids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nymphaeaceae" title="Nymphaeaceae">water lilies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cacti" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacti">cacti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithops" title="Lithops">lithops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carnivorous_plant" title="Carnivorous plant">carnivorous plants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bromeliad" class="mw-redirect" title="Bromeliad">bromeliads</a> are housed in the various zones. The cactus collection also extends outside the conservatory where some hardier species can be found. </p><p>The conservatory has an area of 4,499 square metres (48,430 sq ft; 0.4499 ha; 1.112 acres). As it is designed to minimize the amount of energy taken to run it, the cooler zones are grouped around the outside and the more tropical zones are in the central area where heat is conserved. The glass roof extends down to the ground, giving the conservatory a distinctive appearance and helping to maximize the use of the sun's energy. </p><p>During the construction of the conservatory a time capsule was buried. It contains the seeds of basic crops and endangered plant species and key publications on conservation.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Temperate_House">The Temperate House</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: The Temperate House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Temperate_House,_Kew_Gardens" title="Temperate House, Kew Gardens">Temperate House, Kew Gardens</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Gardens_-_Temperate_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kew_Gardens_-_Temperate_House.jpg/220px-Kew_Gardens_-_Temperate_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kew_Gardens_-_Temperate_House.jpg/330px-Kew_Gardens_-_Temperate_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kew_Gardens_-_Temperate_House.jpg/440px-Kew_Gardens_-_Temperate_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption> Inside the Temperate House</figcaption></figure> <p>The Temperate House, re-opened in May 2018 after being closed for restoration, is a greenhouse that has twice the floor area of the Palm House and is the world's largest surviving Victorian glass structure. It contains plants and trees from all the temperate regions of the world, some of which are extremely rare. It was commissioned in 1859 and designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Decimus_Burton" title="Decimus Burton">Decimus Burton</a> and iron founder <a href="/wiki/Richard_Turner_(iron-founder)" title="Richard Turner (iron-founder)">Richard Turner</a>. Covering 4880 square metres, it rises to a height of 19 metres (62 ft). Intended to accommodate Kew's expanding collection of hardy and temperate plants, it took 40 years to construct, during which time costs soared. The building was closed for restoration 1980–82. The building was restored during 2014–15 by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Insall_Associates" title="Donald Insall Associates">Donald Insall Associates</a>, based on their conservation management plan.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a viewing gallery in the central section from which visitors can look down on that part of the collection. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Waterlily_House">Waterlily House</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Waterlily House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Gardens_Water_Lily_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Kew_Gardens_Water_Lily_House.jpg/280px-Kew_Gardens_Water_Lily_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Kew_Gardens_Water_Lily_House.jpg/420px-Kew_Gardens_Water_Lily_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Kew_Gardens_Water_Lily_House.jpg/560px-Kew_Gardens_Water_Lily_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3225" data-file-height="1356" /></a><figcaption>The Waterlily House</figcaption></figure> <p>The Waterlily House is the hottest and most humid of the houses at Kew and contains a large pond with varieties of water lily, surrounded by a display of economically important heat-loving plants. It closes during the winter months. </p><p>It was built to house <i><a href="/wiki/Victoria_amazonica" title="Victoria amazonica">Victoria amazonica</a></i>, the largest known species of the water lily family <a href="/wiki/Nymphaeaceae" title="Nymphaeaceae">Nymphaeaceae</a> at the time. This plant was originally transported to Kew in vials of clean water and arrived in February 1849, after several prior attempts to transport seeds and roots had failed. Although various other members of Nymphaeaceae grew well, the house did not suit the <i>Victoria</i>, purportedly because of a poor ventilation system, and this specimen was moved to another, smaller, house (<b>Victoria amazonica House No. 10</b>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ironwork" title="Ironwork">ironwork</a> for the Waterlily House project was provided by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Turner_(iron-founder)" title="Richard Turner (iron-founder)">Richard Turner</a> and the initial construction was completed in 1852. The heat for the house was initially obtained by running a flue from the nearby Palm House but it was later equipped with its own boiler.<sup id="cite_ref-Waterlily_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waterlily-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Evolution_House">Evolution House</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Evolution House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1034237262"><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Davies_Exploration_House_Kew_Gardens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Davies_Exploration_House_Kew_Gardens.jpg/220px-Davies_Exploration_House_Kew_Gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Davies_Exploration_House_Kew_Gardens.jpg/330px-Davies_Exploration_House_Kew_Gardens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Davies_Exploration_House_Kew_Gardens.jpg/440px-Davies_Exploration_House_Kew_Gardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The Davies Exploration House</figcaption></figure></div></div> <p>Formerly known as the <b>Australian House</b>. The house was a gift from the Australian Government. It was designed by S L Rothwell (Ministry of Works) with consultant engineer J E Temple and was constructed by the Crittall Manufacturing Company Ltd. It opened in 1952. From 1995 it was known as the Evolution House. The building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 for its special architectural or historic interest.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bonsai_House">Bonsai House</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bonsai House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonsai_House_Kew_Gardens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bonsai_House_Kew_Gardens.jpg/220px-Bonsai_House_Kew_Gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bonsai_House_Kew_Gardens.jpg/330px-Bonsai_House_Kew_Gardens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bonsai_House_Kew_Gardens.jpg/440px-Bonsai_House_Kew_Gardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The Bonsai House</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bonsai" title="Bonsai">Bonsai</a> House was formerly known as the <b>Alpine House No. 24</b> prior to the construction of the Davies Alpine House. Kew's bonsai collection has around sixty specimens, displayed seasonally in the House, including a 100 year-old <a href="/wiki/Acer_palmatum" title="Acer palmatum">Japanese maple</a> and a 200 year-old <a href="/wiki/Juniperus_rigida" title="Juniperus rigida">temple maple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Former_plant_houses">Former plant houses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Former plant houses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following plant houses were in use in 1974. All have since been demolished, with many of the collections being moved into the Princess of Wales Conservatory.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-powc-secrets_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-powc-secrets-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Former Plant Houses </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Official number</b> </td> <td><b>Name</b> </td> <td><b>Notes</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 2 </td> <td>Tropical Fern House </td> <td rowspan="4">Located in the gardens to the north of the Princess of Wales Conservatory </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 3 </td> <td>Temperate Fern House </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 4 </td> <td>Conservatory </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 5 </td> <td>Succulent House </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 7 </td> <td>Gesneriads and Rhipsalis, formerly (1939) South African House </td> <td rowspan="15">Located on the site of the Princess of Wales Conservatory. Plant Houses Nos. 7 to 14b inclusive were collectively known as the "T" Range because of their T-shaped plan. </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 7a </td> <td>Sherman Hoyt Cactus House </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 7b </td> <td>South African Succulent House </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 8 </td> <td>Orchid House, formerly (1939) Begonia House </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 9 </td> <td>Orchid House, formerly (1939) Stove </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 9a </td> <td>Nepenthes </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 10 </td> <td>Victoria amazonica House </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 10a </td> <td>Impatiens </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 11 </td> <td>Bromeliad House, formerly (1939) Economic House </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 12 </td> <td>South African House, formerly (1939) Economic House </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 12a </td> <td>Insectivorous Plants House </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 13 </td> <td>Orchid House (1939) </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 14 </td> <td>Orchid House (1939) </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 14a </td> <td>Begonia House </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 14b </td> <td>Begonia House </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 14c </td> <td>Special Exhibition House (1939) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>No. 2a </td> <td>Filmy Fern House </td> <td>Located on the north face of Orangery </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The extant <b>Aroid House</b> (now the <b>Nash Conservatory</b>) was designated Plant House No. 1 and the <b>Water Lily House</b> was Plant House No. 15. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ornamental_buildings">Ornamental buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Ornamental buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Great_Pagoda">Great Pagoda</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Great Pagoda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Gardens_-_Pagoda_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Kew_Gardens_-_Pagoda_01.jpg/170px-Kew_Gardens_-_Pagoda_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Kew_Gardens_-_Pagoda_01.jpg/255px-Kew_Gardens_-_Pagoda_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Kew_Gardens_-_Pagoda_01.jpg/340px-Kew_Gardens_-_Pagoda_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>The Pagoda</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Great_Pagoda,_Kew_Gardens" title="Great Pagoda, Kew Gardens">Great Pagoda, Kew Gardens</a></div> <p>In the southeast corner of Kew Gardens stands the Great <a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">Pagoda</a> (by <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Chambers" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Chambers">Sir William Chambers</a>), erected in 1762, from a design in imitation of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_pagoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese pagoda">Chinese <i>Ta</i></a>. The lowest of the ten octagonal storeys is 15 m (49 ft) in diameter. From the base to the highest point is 50 m (164 ft). </p><p>Each storey finishes with a projecting roof, after the Chinese manner, originally covered with ceramic tiles and adorned with large dragons; a tale is still propagated that they were made of gold and were reputedly sold by <a href="/wiki/George_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George IV of the United Kingdom">George IV</a> to settle his debts.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact the dragons were made of wood painted gold, and simply rotted away with the ravages of time. The walls of the building are composed of brick. The staircase, 253 steps, is in the center of the building. During the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> holes were cut in each floor to allow for drop-testing of model bombs. </p><p>The Pagoda was closed to the public for many years but was reopened for the summer months of 2006. It has been renovated in a major restoration project and reopened under the aegis of <a href="/wiki/Historic_Royal_Palaces" title="Historic Royal Palaces">Historic Royal Palaces</a> in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 80 dragons have been remade and now sit on each storey of the building. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japanese_Gateway_(Chokushi-Mon)"><span id="Japanese_Gateway_.28Chokushi-Mon.29"></span>Japanese Gateway (Chokushi-Mon)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Japanese Gateway (Chokushi-Mon)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Gardens_Japanese_Gateway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Kew_Gardens_Japanese_Gateway.jpg/220px-Kew_Gardens_Japanese_Gateway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Kew_Gardens_Japanese_Gateway.jpg/330px-Kew_Gardens_Japanese_Gateway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Kew_Gardens_Japanese_Gateway.jpg/440px-Kew_Gardens_Japanese_Gateway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2571" data-file-height="1734" /></a><figcaption>The Japanese Gateway (Chokushi-Mon)</figcaption></figure> <p>Built for the <a href="/wiki/Japan-British_Exhibition_(1910)" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan-British Exhibition (1910)">Japan-British Exhibition (1910)</a> and moved to Kew in 1911, the Chokushi-Mon ("Imperial Envoy's Gateway") is a four-fifths scale replica of the <a href="/wiki/Karamon" title="Karamon">karamon</a> (gateway) of the <a href="/wiki/Nishi_Honganji" class="mw-redirect" title="Nishi Honganji">Nishi Hongan-ji</a> temple in <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>. It lies about <span class="nowrap">140 m</span> north of the Pagoda and is surrounded by a reconstruction of a traditional Japanese garden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minka_House">Minka House</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Minka House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Gardens_Minka_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Kew_Gardens_Minka_House.jpg/220px-Kew_Gardens_Minka_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Kew_Gardens_Minka_House.jpg/330px-Kew_Gardens_Minka_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Kew_Gardens_Minka_House.jpg/440px-Kew_Gardens_Minka_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3051" data-file-height="1737" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Machiya" title="Machiya">Minka House</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Following the Japan 2001 festival,<sup id="cite_ref-Japan_2001_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Japan_2001-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kew acquired a Japanese wooden house called a <a href="/wiki/Machiya" title="Machiya">minka</a>. It was originally erected in around 1900 in a suburb of <a href="/wiki/Okazaki,_Aichi" title="Okazaki, Aichi">Okazaki</a> and is now located within the bamboo collection in the west-central part of Kew Gardens. Japanese craftsmen reassembled the framework and British builders who had worked on the <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Globe" title="Shakespeare's Globe">Globe Theatre</a> added the mud wall panels. </p><p>Work on the house started on 7 May 2001 and, when the framework was completed on <span class="nowrap">21 May</span>, a Japanese ceremony was held to mark what was considered an auspicious occasion. Work on the building of the house was completed in November 2001 but the internal artifacts were not all in place until 2006. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Queen_Charlotte's_Cottage"><span id="Queen_Charlotte.27s_Cottage"></span>Queen Charlotte's Cottage</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Queen Charlotte's Cottage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Gardens_Queen_Charlottes_Cottage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Kew_Gardens_Queen_Charlottes_Cottage.jpg/220px-Kew_Gardens_Queen_Charlottes_Cottage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Kew_Gardens_Queen_Charlottes_Cottage.jpg/330px-Kew_Gardens_Queen_Charlottes_Cottage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Kew_Gardens_Queen_Charlottes_Cottage.jpg/440px-Kew_Gardens_Queen_Charlottes_Cottage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2868" data-file-height="1824" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Queen_Charlotte%27s_Cottage" title="Queen Charlotte's Cottage">Queen Charlotte's Cottage</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Queen_Charlotte%27s_Cottage" title="Queen Charlotte's Cottage">Queen Charlotte's Cottage</a></div> <p>Within the conservation area is a cottage that was built sometime before 1771 for <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" title="Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz">Queen Charlotte</a> by her husband <a href="/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of the United Kingdom">George III</a>. It has been restored by <a href="/wiki/Historic_Royal_Palaces" title="Historic Royal Palaces">Historic Royal Palaces</a> and is separately administered by them.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is open to the public on weekends and bank holidays during the summer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="King_William's_Temple"><span id="King_William.27s_Temple"></span>King William's Temple</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: King William's Temple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_William%27s_Temple_Kew_Gardens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/King_William%27s_Temple_Kew_Gardens.jpg/220px-King_William%27s_Temple_Kew_Gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/King_William%27s_Temple_Kew_Gardens.jpg/330px-King_William%27s_Temple_Kew_Gardens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/King_William%27s_Temple_Kew_Gardens.jpg/440px-King_William%27s_Temple_Kew_Gardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>King William's Temple</figcaption></figure> <p>A double porticoed <a href="/wiki/Doric_order" title="Doric order">Doric</a> temple in stone with a series of cast-iron panels set in the inside walls commemorating British military victories from <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Minden" title="Battle of Minden">Minden</a> (1759) to <a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterloo Campaign">Waterloo</a> (1815). It was built in 1837 by <a href="/wiki/Jeffry_Wyatville" title="Jeffry Wyatville">Sir Jeffery Wyatville</a>, and originally called <b>The Pantheon</b>. Named after <a href="/wiki/William_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="William IV of the United Kingdom">King William IV</a> (1830–37). It is Grade II listed.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Temple_of_Aeolus">Temple of Aeolus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Temple of Aeolus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Temple_of_Aeolus_Kew_Gardens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/The_Temple_of_Aeolus_Kew_Gardens.jpg/220px-The_Temple_of_Aeolus_Kew_Gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/The_Temple_of_Aeolus_Kew_Gardens.jpg/330px-The_Temple_of_Aeolus_Kew_Gardens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/The_Temple_of_Aeolus_Kew_Gardens.jpg/440px-The_Temple_of_Aeolus_Kew_Gardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The Temple of Aeolus</figcaption></figure> <p>A domed rotunda with eight <a href="/wiki/Tuscan_order" title="Tuscan order">Tuscan columns</a>. The original temple was built in 1763 by <a href="/wiki/William_Chambers_(architect)" title="William Chambers (architect)">Sir William Chambers</a>. The present temple is an 1845 replacement by <a href="/wiki/Decimus_Burton" title="Decimus Burton">Decimus Burton</a>. It is Grade II listed.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The temple was one of three originally named to honour British victories in the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>, in this case the name commemorates <a href="/wiki/HMS_Aeolus_(1758)" title="HMS Aeolus (1758)">HMS Aeolus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mcewen_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mcewen-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Temple_of_Arethusa">Temple of Arethusa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Temple of Arethusa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_of_Arethusa_Kew_Gardens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Temple_of_Arethusa_Kew_Gardens.jpg/220px-Temple_of_Arethusa_Kew_Gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Temple_of_Arethusa_Kew_Gardens.jpg/330px-Temple_of_Arethusa_Kew_Gardens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Temple_of_Arethusa_Kew_Gardens.jpg/440px-Temple_of_Arethusa_Kew_Gardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The Temple of Arethusa</figcaption></figure> <p>A small Greek temple portico with two <a href="/wiki/Ionic_order" title="Ionic order">Ionic columns</a> and two outer Ionic pillars; it is pedimented with a cornice and key pattern frieze. It was built in 1758 by Sir William Chambers. It is Grade II listed.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar to the temple of Aeolus and Bellona, she was later named to commemorate the warship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Arethusa_(1759)" title="HMS Arethusa (1759)">HMS Arethusa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mcewen_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mcewen-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Temple_of_Bellona">Temple of Bellona</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Temple of Bellona"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_of_Bellona_Kew_Gardens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Temple_of_Bellona_Kew_Gardens.jpg/220px-Temple_of_Bellona_Kew_Gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Temple_of_Bellona_Kew_Gardens.jpg/330px-Temple_of_Bellona_Kew_Gardens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Temple_of_Bellona_Kew_Gardens.jpg/440px-Temple_of_Bellona_Kew_Gardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The Temple of Bellona</figcaption></figure> <p>A whitewashed <a href="/wiki/Stucco" title="Stucco">stucco</a> temple. The facade has a portico of two pairs of Doric columns with a <a href="/wiki/Metope" title="Metope">metope</a> frieze pediment and an oval dome behind. Inside is a room with an oval domed center. On the walls garlands and medallions with the names and numbers of British and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hanover" title="House of Hanover">Hanovarian</a> units connected with the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>. It was built in 1760 by Sir William Chambers and eventually named after <a href="/wiki/HMS_Bellona_(1760)" title="HMS Bellona (1760)">HMS Bellona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mcewen_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mcewen-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is Grade II listed.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Ruined_Arch">The Ruined Arch</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: The Ruined Arch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruined_Arch_Kew_Gardens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Ruined_Arch_Kew_Gardens.jpg/220px-Ruined_Arch_Kew_Gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Ruined_Arch_Kew_Gardens.jpg/330px-Ruined_Arch_Kew_Gardens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Ruined_Arch_Kew_Gardens.jpg/440px-Ruined_Arch_Kew_Gardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The Ruined Arch</figcaption></figure> <p>A brick arch with rustication in stucco. A triple-arched opening with oculi above lower side arches, it has a stone band course and a fragmented blocked cornice and brick offering, and a corniced doorway. It was built in 1759–60 by Sir William Chambers. It is Grade II* listed.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ice_House">Ice House</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Ice House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Gardens_Ice_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Kew_Gardens_Ice_House.jpg/220px-Kew_Gardens_Ice_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Kew_Gardens_Ice_House.jpg/330px-Kew_Gardens_Ice_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Kew_Gardens_Ice_House.jpg/440px-Kew_Gardens_Ice_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The entrance to the Ice House</figcaption></figure> <p>The Ice House is believed to be early 18th-century, it has a brick dome with an access arch and barrel-vaulted passageway, covered by a mound of earth. It is Grade II listed.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kew_Palace">Kew Palace</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Kew Palace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kew_Palace" title="Kew Palace">Kew Palace</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Dutch_House_at_Kew_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/The_Dutch_House_at_Kew_Palace.jpg/220px-The_Dutch_House_at_Kew_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/The_Dutch_House_at_Kew_Palace.jpg/330px-The_Dutch_House_at_Kew_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/The_Dutch_House_at_Kew_Palace.jpg/440px-The_Dutch_House_at_Kew_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2498" data-file-height="1539" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kew_Palace" title="Kew Palace">The Palace at Kew</a>, with the sundial in the foreground</figcaption></figure> <p>Kew Palace is the smallest of the British royal palaces. It was built by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Fortrey" title="Samuel Fortrey">Samuel Fortrey</a>, a Dutch merchant in around 1631. It was later purchased by <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a>. The construction method is known as <a href="/wiki/Flemish_bond" title="Flemish bond">Flemish bond</a> and involves laying the bricks with long and short sides alternating. This and the gabled front give the construction a Dutch appearance. </p><p>To the rear of the building is the "Queen's Garden" which includes a collection of plants believed to have medicinal qualities. Only plants that were extant in England by the 17th century are grown in the garden. </p><p>The building underwent significant restoration, with leading conservation architects <a href="/wiki/Donald_Insall_Associates" title="Donald Insall Associates">Donald Insall Associates</a>, before being reopened to the public in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is administered separately from Kew Gardens, by <a href="/wiki/Historic_Royal_Palaces" title="Historic Royal Palaces">Historic Royal Palaces</a>. </p><p>In front of the palace is a <a href="/wiki/Sundial" title="Sundial">sundial</a>, which was given to Kew Gardens in 1959 to commemorate a royal visit. It was sculpted by Martin Holden and is a replica of one by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tompion" title="Thomas Tompion">Thomas Tompion</a>, a celebrated 17th-century clockmaker, which had been sited near the surviving palace building since 1832 to mark the site of <a href="/wiki/James_Bradley" title="James Bradley">James Bradley</a>'s observations leading to his discovery of the <a href="/wiki/Aberration_of_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Aberration of light">aberration of light</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Galleries_and_museums">Galleries and museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Galleries and museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Admission to the galleries and museum is free after paying admission to the gardens. The International Garden Photographer of the Year Exhibition is an annual event with an indoor display of entries during the summer months. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Shirley_Sherwood_Gallery">Shirley Sherwood Gallery</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Shirley Sherwood Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Gardens_Sherwood_Gallery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kew_Gardens_Sherwood_Gallery.jpg/220px-Kew_Gardens_Sherwood_Gallery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kew_Gardens_Sherwood_Gallery.jpg/330px-Kew_Gardens_Sherwood_Gallery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kew_Gardens_Sherwood_Gallery.jpg/440px-Kew_Gardens_Sherwood_Gallery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The Shirley Sherwood Gallery of Botanic Art</figcaption></figure> <p>The Shirley Sherwood Gallery of Botanic Art opened in April 2008, and holds paintings from Kew's and <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Sherwood" title="Shirley Sherwood">Dr Shirley Sherwood's</a> collections, many of which had never been displayed to the public before. It features paintings by artists such as <a href="/wiki/Georg_Dionysius_Ehret" title="Georg Dionysius Ehret">Georg D. Ehret</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Franz_Bauer" title="Franz Bauer">Bauer brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Redout%C3%A9" title="Pierre-Joseph Redouté">Pierre-Joseph Redouté</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hood_Fitch" title="Walter Hood Fitch">Walter Hood Fitch</a>. The paintings and drawings are cycled on a six-monthly basis. The gallery is linked to the Marianne North Gallery (see below). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Museum_No._1">Museum No. 1</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Museum No. 1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Near the Palm House is a building known as the General Museum or "Museum No. 1" (even though it is now the only museum on the site), which was designed by <a href="/wiki/Decimus_Burton" title="Decimus Burton">Decimus Burton</a> and opened in 1857. Housing Kew's economic botany collections including tools, ornaments, clothing, food and medicines, its aim was to illustrate human dependence on plants. The building was refurbished in 1998. The upper two floors are now an education center and the ground floor houses The Botanical restaurant. Due to its historical holdings, Kew is a member of <a href="/wiki/The_London_Museums_of_Health_%26_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="The London Museums of Health & Medicine">The London Museums of Health & Medicine</a> group.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Marianne_North_Gallery">Marianne North Gallery</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Marianne North Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Gardens_Marian_North_Gallery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Kew_Gardens_Marian_North_Gallery.jpg/220px-Kew_Gardens_Marian_North_Gallery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Kew_Gardens_Marian_North_Gallery.jpg/330px-Kew_Gardens_Marian_North_Gallery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Kew_Gardens_Marian_North_Gallery.jpg/440px-Kew_Gardens_Marian_North_Gallery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3036" data-file-height="1575" /></a><figcaption>The Marianne North Gallery of Botanic Art</figcaption></figure> <p>The Marianne North Gallery was built in the 1880s to house the paintings of <a href="/wiki/Marianne_North" title="Marianne North">Marianne North</a>, an MP's daughter who travelled alone to North and South America, South Africa, and many parts of Asia, at a time when women rarely did so, to paint plants. The gallery has 832 of her paintings. She left the paintings to Kew on condition that the layout of the paintings in the gallery would not be altered. </p><p>The gallery had suffered considerable structural degradation since its creation and during a period from 2008 to 2009 major restoration and refurbishment took place, with works led by leading conservation architects <a href="/wiki/Donald_Insall_Associates" title="Donald Insall Associates">Donald Insall Associates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the time the gallery was closed the opportunity was also taken to restore the paintings to their original condition. The gallery reopened in October 2009. </p><p>The gallery originally opened in 1882 and is still the only permanent exhibition in Great Britain dedicated to the work of one woman. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Former_museum_buildings">Former museum buildings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Former museum buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>School of Horticulture</b> building was formerly known as the <b>Reference Museum</b> or <b>Museum No. 2</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Museum No. 3</b> was originally known as the <b>Timber Museum</b>, it opened in 1863 and closed in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Cottage" title="Cambridge Cottage">Cambridge Cottage</a> is a former residence of the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Cambridge" title="Duke of Cambridge">Duke of Cambridge</a> (1819–1904).<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became part of the gardens in 1904, and was opened in 1910 as the <b>Museum of British Forestry</b> or <b>Museum No. 4</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1958 it was known as the <b>Wood Museum</b> and displayed samples of wood from around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is Grade II listed.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today it is a meeting and function venue. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science">Science</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plant_collections">Plant collections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Plant collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orchid_flowers_and_pitchers_at_Kew_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1156285.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Orchid_flowers_and_pitchers_at_Kew_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1156285.jpg/220px-Orchid_flowers_and_pitchers_at_Kew_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1156285.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Orchid_flowers_and_pitchers_at_Kew_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1156285.jpg/330px-Orchid_flowers_and_pitchers_at_Kew_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1156285.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Orchid_flowers_and_pitchers_at_Kew_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1156285.jpg/440px-Orchid_flowers_and_pitchers_at_Kew_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1156285.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>Part of the "Tropical Extravaganza" for Kew's 250th anniversary in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>The living plant collections include the Alpine and Rock Garden, Aquatic, Arboretum, Arid, Aroid, Bonsai, Bromeliad, Carnivorous Plant, Cycad, Fern, Grass, Island Flora, Mediterranean Garden, Orchid, Palm, Temperate Herbaceous, Tender Temperate, Tropical Herbaceous, and Tropical Woody and Climbers Collections.<sup id="cite_ref-Kew_Plants_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kew_Plants-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Aquatic Garden is near the Jodrell laboratory. The Aquatic Garden, which celebrated its centenary in 2009, provides conditions for aquatic and marginal plants. The large central pool holds a selection of summer-flowering water lilies and the corner pools contain plants such as reed mace, bulrushes, <a href="/wiki/Phragmites" title="Phragmites">Phragmites</a> and smaller floating aquatic species.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bonsai Collection is housed in a dedicated greenhouse near the Jodrell laboratory.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Arid Collection (including <a href="/wiki/Cactaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cactaceae">Cactaceae</a> and many other <a href="/wiki/Succulent_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Succulent plants">succulent plants</a>) is housed in the Tropical Nursery, the Princess of Wales Conservatory and the Temperate House.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Carnivorous Plant collection is housed in the Princess of Wales Conservatory.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Grass Garden was created on its current site in the early 1980s to display ornamental and economic grasses; it was redesigned and replanted between 1994 and 1997. Over 580 species of grasses are displayed.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Orchid Collection is housed in two climate zones within the Princess of Wales Conservatory. To maintain an interesting display the plants are changed regularly so that those on view are generally flowering. The Rock Garden, originally built of limestone in 1882, is now constructed of Sussex sandstone from <a href="/wiki/West_Hoathly" title="West Hoathly">West Hoathly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a>. The rock garden is divided into six geographic regions: Europe, Mediterranean and Africa, Australia and New Zealand, Asia, North America, and South America. There are currently 2,480 different "accessions" growing in the garden.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:100%;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Gardens_6262-79.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Palm House and lake to Victoria Gate"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kew_Gardens_6262-79.jpg/800px-Kew_Gardens_6262-79.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kew_Gardens_6262-79.jpg/1200px-Kew_Gardens_6262-79.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kew_Gardens_6262-79.jpg/1600px-Kew_Gardens_6262-79.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8201" data-file-height="1307" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Gardens_6262-79.jpg" title="File:Kew Gardens 6262-79.jpg"> </a></div>The Palm House and lake to Victoria Gate</div></div></div> <p>The Arboretum, which covers the southern two-thirds of the site, contains over 14,000 trees of many thousands of varieties.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Herbarium"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Herbarium">Herbarium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Herbarium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kew_Herbarium" title="Kew Herbarium">Kew Herbarium</a></div> <p>The Kew <a href="/wiki/Herbarium" title="Herbarium">Herbarium</a> is one of the largest in the world with approximately <span class="nowrap">7 million</span> specimens used primarily for <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomic</a> study. The herbarium is rich in <a href="/wiki/Type_(biology)" title="Type (biology)">types</a> for all regions of the world, especially the tropics, and is currently growing with 30,000 new specimen additions annually through international collaborations. The Kew Herbarium is of global importance, attracting researchers from and supporting and engaging in the science of <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a> all over the world, especially the field of <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a>. A large part of the herbarium has been <a href="/wiki/Digitization" title="Digitization">digitised</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is available to the general public on-line.<sup id="cite_ref-collections_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collections-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Index_Herbariorum" title="Index Herbariorum">Index Herbariorum</a></i> code assigned to the Kew herbarium is <b>K</b><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it is used when citing housed specimens. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 132.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Herbarium_old_wing.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kew Herbarium old wing"><img alt="Kew Herbarium old wing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kew_Herbarium_old_wing.jpg/196px-Kew_Herbarium_old_wing.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kew_Herbarium_old_wing.jpg/295px-Kew_Herbarium_old_wing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kew_Herbarium_old_wing.jpg/393px-Kew_Herbarium_old_wing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kew Herbarium old wing</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 132.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Herbarium,_storage_in_old_wing.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kew Herbarium, storage in the old wing"><img alt="Kew Herbarium, storage in the old wing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kew_Herbarium%2C_storage_in_old_wing.jpg/196px-Kew_Herbarium%2C_storage_in_old_wing.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kew_Herbarium%2C_storage_in_old_wing.jpg/295px-Kew_Herbarium%2C_storage_in_old_wing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Kew_Herbarium%2C_storage_in_old_wing.jpg/393px-Kew_Herbarium%2C_storage_in_old_wing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kew Herbarium, storage in the old wing</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Solanum_cheesmaniae_herbarium_sheet_Charles_Darwin_Chatham_Island_Galapagos_Sept_1835.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Solanum cheesmaniae Kew herbarium sheet prepared by Charles Darwin, Chatham Island, Galapagos, September 1835"><img alt="Solanum cheesmaniae Kew herbarium sheet prepared by Charles Darwin, Chatham Island, Galapagos, September 1835" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Solanum_cheesmaniae_herbarium_sheet_Charles_Darwin_Chatham_Island_Galapagos_Sept_1835.jpg/279px-Solanum_cheesmaniae_herbarium_sheet_Charles_Darwin_Chatham_Island_Galapagos_Sept_1835.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Solanum_cheesmaniae_herbarium_sheet_Charles_Darwin_Chatham_Island_Galapagos_Sept_1835.jpg/419px-Solanum_cheesmaniae_herbarium_sheet_Charles_Darwin_Chatham_Island_Galapagos_Sept_1835.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Solanum_cheesmaniae_herbarium_sheet_Charles_Darwin_Chatham_Island_Galapagos_Sept_1835.jpg/559px-Solanum_cheesmaniae_herbarium_sheet_Charles_Darwin_Chatham_Island_Galapagos_Sept_1835.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3048" data-file-height="2858" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Solanum_cheesmaniae" title="Solanum cheesmaniae">Solanum cheesmaniae</a></i> Kew herbarium sheet prepared by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>, Chatham Island, Galapagos, September 1835</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Herbarium_pressed_and_boxed_specimens_of_Raphia_australis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kew Herbarium pressed and boxed specimens of Raphia australis"><img alt="Kew Herbarium pressed and boxed specimens of Raphia australis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Kew_Herbarium_pressed_and_boxed_specimens_of_Raphia_australis.jpg/300px-Kew_Herbarium_pressed_and_boxed_specimens_of_Raphia_australis.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Kew_Herbarium_pressed_and_boxed_specimens_of_Raphia_australis.jpg/449px-Kew_Herbarium_pressed_and_boxed_specimens_of_Raphia_australis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Kew_Herbarium_pressed_and_boxed_specimens_of_Raphia_australis.jpg/599px-Kew_Herbarium_pressed_and_boxed_specimens_of_Raphia_australis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="3400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kew Herbarium pressed and boxed specimens of <i><a href="/wiki/Raphia_australis" title="Raphia australis">Raphia australis</a></i></div> </li> </ul> <p>Kew Gardens holds further collections of scientific importance including a Fungarium (for <a href="/wiki/Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungi">fungi</a>), a plant <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> bank and a <a href="/wiki/Seed_bank" title="Seed bank">seed bank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-collections_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-collections-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kew Fungarium houses approximately 1.25 million specimens of dried fungi.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Library_and_Archives">Library and Archives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Library and Archives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Library & Archives at Kew are one of the world's largest botanical collections,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with over half a million items, including books, botanical illustrations, photographs, letters and manuscripts, periodicals, and maps. The Archives, Illustrations, Rare Book collections, Main Library, and Economic Botany Library are housed within the Herbarium building. </p><p>Owing to an agreement signed in 1962,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the scope of the collection generally does not overlap that of the <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a> in London,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which concerns itself with the flora of Europe and North America. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forensic_horticulture">Forensic horticulture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Forensic horticulture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kew provides advice and guidance to police forces around the world where plant material may provide important clues or evidence in cases. In one famous case, the forensic science department at Kew was able to ascertain that the contents of the stomach of a headless corpse found in the river <a href="/wiki/Thames" class="mw-redirect" title="Thames">Thames</a> contained a highly toxic African bean.<sup id="cite_ref-Jodrell_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jodrell-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_Botany">Economic Botany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Economic Botany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sustainable Uses of Plants Group (formerly the Centre for <a href="/wiki/Economic_botany" title="Economic botany">Economic Botany</a>), focuses on the uses of plants in the United Kingdom and the world's arid and semi-arid zones. The center is also responsible for the curation of the Economic Botany Collection, which contains more than 90,000 botanical raw materials and ethnographic artifacts, some of which are on display in the Plants + People exhibit in Museum No. 1. The centre is now located in the Jodrell Laboratory.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jodrell_Laboratory">Jodrell Laboratory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Jodrell Laboratory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JodLabKew.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/JodLabKew.jpg/310px-JodLabKew.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/JodLabKew.jpg/465px-JodLabKew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/JodLabKew.jpg/620px-JodLabKew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3961" data-file-height="1781" /></a><figcaption>View of the Jodrell Laboratory across part of the grass collection</figcaption></figure> <p>Named after a scientific benefactor, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jodrell_Phillips_Jodrell" title="Thomas Jodrell Phillips Jodrell">Thomas J. Phillips Jodrell</a>, the Jodrell laboratory was established in 1876 by Kew’s Director <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker" title="Joseph Dalton Hooker">Joseph Dalton Hooker</a> and his Assistant <a href="/wiki/William_Turner_Thiselton-Dyer" title="William Turner Thiselton-Dyer">William Turner Thiselton-Dyer</a> as a base for researchers in disciplines including plant physiology, anatomy and embryology, fossil botany and mycology.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It represents one of the world’s first non-university affiliated laboratories and is the location for early discoveries on living and fossil plants. Initially built as a small single-storey laboratory, the original Jodrell building was replaced by a larger building in 1965 and subsequently extended by the addition of the Wolfson Wing in 2006. </p><p>The celebrated botanist <a href="/wiki/Dukinfield_Henry_Scott" title="Dukinfield Henry Scott">Dukinfield Henry Scott</a> was Assistant Keeper of the Jodrell Laboratory from 1892 to 1906. Resident and visiting researchers during that time included the structural botanists <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Sargant" title="Ethel Sargant">Ethel Sargant</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilson_Crossfield_Worsdell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilson Crossfield Worsdell (page does not exist)">Wilson Crossfield Worsdell</a>, the cell biologist <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gardiner" title="Walter Gardiner">Walter Gardiner</a>, the marine biologist <a href="/wiki/Felix_Eugen_Fritsch" title="Felix Eugen Fritsch">Felix Eugen Fritsch</a>, the physiologist <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Reynolds_Green" title="Joseph Reynolds Green">Joseph Reynolds Green</a> and the palaeobotanists <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Lang" title="William Henry Lang">William Henry Lang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Orpen_Bower" title="Frederick Orpen Bower">Frederick Orpen Bower</a>. </p><p>Subsequently, the Jodrell Laboratory was established as a centre for systematic botany by the plant anatomist Charles Russell Metcalfe, Keeper of the Jodrell Laboratory from 1930 to 1969, and his successors, the cytogeneticists Keith Jones (1969-1987) and Michael David Bennett (1987-2006). </p><p>The Jodrell Laboratory has spawned other laboratories and institutes, including the <a href="/wiki/Central_Science_Laboratory" title="Central Science Laboratory">Laboratory of Plant Pathology</a> in Harpenden (1920), the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Bureau_of_Mycology" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Bureau of Mycology">Imperial Bureau of Mycology</a> in Kew (1930) and the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Seed_Bank_Partnership" title="Millennium Seed Bank Partnership">Millennium Seed Bank</a>, which initially relocated to Kew’s Wakehurst Place in 1993 as the Physiology Section. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Achievements">Achievements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Achievements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The world's smallest water-lily, <i><a href="/wiki/Nymphaea_thermarum" title="Nymphaea thermarum">Nymphaea thermarum</a></i>, was saved from extinction when it was grown from seed at Kew, in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WGI_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WGI-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, Kew Gardens scientists identified a new species of <i><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(plant)" title="Victoria (plant)">Victoria</a></i> waterlily, <i><a href="/wiki/Victoria_boliviana" title="Victoria boliviana">Victoria boliviana</a></i>, that had been growing at the Gardens for over 170 years.<sup id="cite_ref-V_boliviana_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-V_boliviana-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_features">Other features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Other features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kew_Constabulary">Kew Constabulary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Kew Constabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kew_Constabulary" title="Kew Constabulary">Kew Constabulary</a></div> <p>The gardens have their own police force, <a href="/wiki/Kew_Constabulary" title="Kew Constabulary">Kew Constabulary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Police_oath" title="Police oath">attested</a> under section 3 of the Parks Regulation Act 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Formerly known as the Royal Botanic Gardens Constabulary, it is a small, specialised <a href="/wiki/Constabulary" title="Constabulary">constabulary</a> of two sergeants and 12 officers,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who patrol the grounds in a marked silver car. The Parks Regulation Act gives them the same powers as the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a> within the land belonging to the gardens.<sup id="cite_ref-Parks_Regs_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parks_Regs-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_memorials">War memorials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: War memorials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The memorial to the several Kew gardeners killed in the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> lies in the nearby <a href="/wiki/St_Luke%27s_Church,_Kew" title="St Luke's Church, Kew">St Luke's Church</a> in Kew. It was designed by Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lorimer" title="Robert Lorimer">Robert Lorimer</a> in 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two memorial benches in the gardens. The Remembrance and Hope seat and the Verdun Bench, both containing parts of a felled oak tree whose acorn came from the battlefield of Verdun. The oak was grown at Kew until a storm in 2013 damaged the tree and so required removal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food_and_Drink">Food and Drink</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Food and Drink"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kew is home to a number of eateries including The Orangery, Pavilion Bar and Grill, The Botanical Brasserie and Victoria Plaza Café.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, the new Family Kitchen & Shop opened near the Children's Garden, replacing the nearby tented White Peaks Family Restaurant.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Films, documentaries and other media made about Kew Gardens include:<sup id="cite_ref-Videos_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Videos-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>A short colour film <i>World Garden</i> by <a href="/wiki/Cinematographer" title="Cinematographer">cinematographer</a> <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Unsworth" title="Geoffrey Unsworth">Geoffrey Unsworth</a> in 1942<sup id="cite_ref-World_Garden_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Garden-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A 2003 episode of the <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Time_Team" title="Time Team">Time Team</a></i>, presented by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Robinson" title="Tony Robinson">Tony Robinson</a>, that searched for the remains of George III's palace<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A 2004 episode of the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a> series <i>Art of the Garden</i> which looked at the building of the Great Palm House in the 1840s<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050213100955/http://www.bbc.co.uk/gardening/tv_and_radio/yearatkew_index.shtml">BBC website: <i>A Year at Kew</i></a> — <i>a 2005 documentary of "behind the scenes" at Kew Gardens</i></li> <li>Three series of <i>A Year at Kew</i> (2007), filmed for BBC television and released on DVD<sup id="cite_ref-Year_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Year-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Cruickshank on Kew: The Garden That Changed the World</i>, a 2009 BBC documentary, presented by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Cruickshank" title="Dan Cruickshank">Dan Cruickshank</a>, exploring the history of the relationship between Kew Gardens and the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a>'s 2012 <i><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Plants_3D" title="Kingdom of Plants 3D">Kingdom of Plants 3D</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2014 video game <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_Crimes_%26_Punishments" title="Sherlock Holmes: Crimes & Punishments">Sherlock Holmes: Crimes & Punishments</a></i> featured an episode The Kew Gardens Drama which centers on a murder in the building.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In 1921 <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a> published her short story "<a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens_(short_story)" title="Kew Gardens (short story)">Kew Gardens</a>", which gives brief descriptions of four groups of people as they pass by a flowerbed.<sup id="cite_ref-Early_fiction_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Early_fiction-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Access_and_transport">Access and transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Access and transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kew_Gardens,_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames,_TW9_(3039724552).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kew_Gardens%2C_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames%2C_TW9_%283039724552%29.jpg/220px-Kew_Gardens%2C_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames%2C_TW9_%283039724552%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kew_Gardens%2C_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames%2C_TW9_%283039724552%29.jpg/330px-Kew_Gardens%2C_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames%2C_TW9_%283039724552%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kew_Gardens%2C_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames%2C_TW9_%283039724552%29.jpg/440px-Kew_Gardens%2C_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames%2C_TW9_%283039724552%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Elizabeth Gate</figcaption></figure> <p>Kew Gardens is accessible by four gates that are open to the public: the Elizabeth Gate, at the west end of <a href="/wiki/Kew_Green" title="Kew Green">Kew Green</a>, and was originally called the Main Gate before being renamed in 2012 to commemorate the <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Brentford Gate, which faces the River Thames; the Victoria Gate (named after <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>), situated in Kew Road, which is also the location of the Visitors' Centre; and the Lion Gate, also situated in Kew Road.<sup id="cite_ref-Gates_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gates-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other gates that are not open to the public include Unicorn Gate, Cumberland Gate and Jodrell Gate (all in Kew Road), Isleworth Gate (facing the Thames), and Oxenhouse Gate (south boundary with Old Deer Park).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_62-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_Gate,_Kew_Gardens,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Victoria_Gate%2C_Kew_Gardens%2C_London.jpg/220px-Victoria_Gate%2C_Kew_Gardens%2C_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Victoria_Gate%2C_Kew_Gardens%2C_London.jpg/330px-Victoria_Gate%2C_Kew_Gardens%2C_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Victoria_Gate%2C_Kew_Gardens%2C_London.jpg/440px-Victoria_Gate%2C_Kew_Gardens%2C_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4914" data-file-height="3984" /></a><figcaption>Victoria Gate</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens_station_(London)" title="Kew Gardens station (London)">Kew Gardens station</a>, a <a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Rail" title="National Rail">National Rail</a> station opened in 1869 and served by both the <a href="/wiki/District_line" title="District line">District line</a> and the <a href="/wiki/London_Overground" title="London Overground">London Overground</a> services on the <a href="/wiki/North_London_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="North London Line">North London Line</a>, is the nearest train station to the gardens – only 400 metres (1,300 ft) along Lichfield Road from the Victoria Gate entrance.<sup id="cite_ref-transport_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transport-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kew_Bridge_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Kew Bridge station">Kew Bridge station</a>, on the other side of the Thames, 800 metres from the Elizabeth Gate entrance via <a href="/wiki/Kew_Bridge" title="Kew Bridge">Kew Bridge</a>, is served by <a href="/wiki/South_Western_Railway_(train_operating_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Western Railway (train operating company)">South Western Railway</a> from <a href="/wiki/Clapham_Junction_railway_station" title="Clapham Junction railway station">Clapham Junction</a> and <a href="/wiki/London_Waterloo_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="London Waterloo railway station">Waterloo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-transport_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transport-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/London_Buses_route_65" title="London Buses route 65">London Buses route 65</a>, between Ealing Broadway and Kingston, stops near the Lion Gate and Victoria Gate entrances; <a href="/wiki/London_Buses_route_110" class="mw-redirect" title="London Buses route 110">route 110</a>, between Hammersmith and Hounslow, stops near Kew Gardens station; while routes <a href="/wiki/London_Buses_route_237" class="mw-redirect" title="London Buses route 237">237</a> and <a href="/wiki/London_Buses_route_267" class="mw-redirect" title="London Buses route 267">267</a> stop at Kew Bridge station.<sup id="cite_ref-transport_127-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transport-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/London_River_Services" title="London River Services">London River Services</a> operate from Westminster during the summer, stopping at <a href="/wiki/Kew_Pier" title="Kew Pier">Kew Pier</a>, 500 metres (1,600 ft) from Elizabeth Gate.<sup id="cite_ref-transport_127-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transport-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cycle racks are located just inside the Victoria Gate, Elizabeth Gate and Brentford Gate entrances. There is a 300-space car park outside Brentford Gate, reached via Ferry Lane, as well as some free, though restricted, on-street parking on Kew Road.<sup id="cite_ref-transport_127-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transport-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom">List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens_Kew" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Botanic Gardens Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens Kew</a>, which manages Kew Gardens and Wakehurst Place</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakehurst_Place" title="Wakehurst Place">Wakehurst Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Botanists_active_in_Kew_Gardens" title="Category:Botanists active in Kew Gardens">Botanists active at Kew Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Plant_Hunt" title="The Great Plant Hunt">The Great Plant Hunt</a> – a primary school science initiative created by Kew Gardens, commissioned and funded by the <a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust" title="Wellcome Trust">Wellcome Trust</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Index_Kewensis" title="Index Kewensis">Index Kewensis</a></i>, a massive index of plant names started and maintained by Kew Gardens</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kew_Bulletin" title="Kew Bulletin">Kew Bulletin</a></i>, a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal on plant and fungal taxonomy published by <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer Science+Business Media</a> on behalf of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kew-gardens-guide-hmso-images"><i>The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. An illustrated guide. Third Edition</i></a>. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1959.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew.+An+illustrated+guide.+Third+Edition.&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Her+Majesty%27s+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1959&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkew-gardens-guide-hmso-images&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/collections">"Kew's scientific collections – Kew"</a>. <i>www.kew.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kew.org&rft.atitle=Kew%27s+scientific+collections+%E2%80%93+Kew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fscience-conservation%2Fcollections&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/plants/living-collection">"Living collections at Kew"</a>. <i>Kew.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kew.org&rft.atitle=Living+collections+at+Kew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fkew-gardens%2Fplants%2Fliving-collection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/read-and-watch/launching-collections-strategy">"Science collections at Kew"</a>. <i>kew.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kew.org&rft.atitle=Science+collections+at+Kew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fread-and-watch%2Flaunching-collections-strategy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentre" class="citation web cs1">Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1084/">"Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft.aulast=Centre&rft.aufirst=UNESCO+World+Heritage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1084%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/630146/leading-london-visitor-attractions-uk/">"Most visited attractions in London UK 2021"</a>. <i>Statista</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statista&rft.atitle=Most+visited+attractions+in+London+UK+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F630146%2Fleading-london-visitor-attractions-uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dyduch-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dyduch_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDyduch,_Amy2014" class="citation news cs1">Dyduch, Amy (28 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/11110817.Dozens_of_jobs_at_risk_as_Kew_Gardens_faces___5m_shortfall/?ref=var_0">"Dozens of jobs at risk as Kew Gardens faces £5m shortfall"</a>. <i>Richmond Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Richmond+Guardian&rft.atitle=Dozens+of+jobs+at+risk+as+Kew+Gardens+faces+%C2%A35m+shortfall&rft.date=2014-03-28&rft.au=Dyduch%2C+Amy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yourlocalguardian.co.uk%2Fnews%2F11110817.Dozens_of_jobs_at_risk_as_Kew_Gardens_faces___5m_shortfall%2F%3Fref%3Dvar_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO_1084-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_1084_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_1084_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1084">"Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage">World Heritage</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milesfaster.co.uk/information/london-attractions/royal-botanic-gardens-kew.htm">the original</a> on 6 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=London+Attractions+and+Places+of+Interest+Index&rft.pub=milesfaster.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milesfaster.co.uk%2Finformation%2Flondon-attractions%2Froyal-botanic-gardens-kew.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison,_W1848" class="citation book cs1">Harrison, W (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wptYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA25"><i>The Visitor's Hand-book to Richmond, Kew Gardens, and Hampton Court</i></a>. Cradock and Company. p. 25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Visitor%27s+Hand-book+to+Richmond%2C+Kew+Gardens%2C+and+Hampton+Court&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Cradock+and+Company&rft.date=1848&rft.au=Harrison%2C+W&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwptYAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker,_LynnRoss-Jones,_Kiri2013" class="citation book cs1">Parker, Lynn; Ross-Jones, Kiri (13 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9YAEAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT9"><i>The Story of Kew Gardens</i></a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infobritain.co.uk/Royal_Botanic_Gardens.htm">the original</a> on 17 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew+and+Wakehurst+Place&rft.pub=infobritain.co.uk&rft.au=Jones%2C+Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobritain.co.uk%2FRoyal_Botanic_Gardens.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Advisory-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Advisory_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUNESCO_Advisory_Body2003" class="citation report cs1">UNESCO Advisory Body (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/1084.pdf">UNESCO Advisory Body Evaluation Kew (United Kingdom) No 1084</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=UNESCO+Advisory+Body+Evaluation+Kew+%28United+Kingdom%29+No+1084&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2003&rft.au=UNESCO+Advisory+Body&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Farchive%2Fadvisory_body_evaluation%2F1084.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrayton,_Richard_Harry2000" class="citation book cs1">Drayton, Richard Harry (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lSKsllGsTMoC&pg=PA78"><i>Nature's Government: Science, Imperial Britain, and the 'Improvement' of the World</i></a>. 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Vol. V (1801–1820) (online ed.). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Masson%2C+Francis&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Jarrell&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Fmasson_francis_5E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kew-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kew_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121008111550/http://www.kew.org/heritage/people/brown.html">"Lancelot 'Capability' Brown (1716–1783)"</a>. <i>Kew History & Heritage</i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/heritage/people/brown.html">the original</a> on 8 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kew+History+%26+Heritage&rft.atitle=Lancelot+%27Capability%27+Brown+%281716%E2%80%931783%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fheritage%2Fpeople%2Fbrown.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLankester_Botanical_Garden2010" class="citation journal cs1">Lankester Botanical Garden (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lankesteriana.org/lankesteriana/LANKESTERIANA%2010(2-3)/Lankesteriana%2010(2-3)%20Part%2010%20-%20Biographies.pdf">"Biographies"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Lankesteriana</i>. <b>10</b> (2/3): 183–206, page 186. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140523220801/http://lankesteriana.org/lankesteriana/LANKESTERIANA%2010%282-3%29/Lankesteriana%2010%282-3%29%20Part%2010%20-%20Biographies.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 23 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lankesteriana&rft.atitle=Biographies&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2%2F3&rft.pages=183-206%2C+page+186&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Lankester+Botanical+Garden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flankesteriana.org%2Flankesteriana%2FLANKESTERIANA%252010%282-3%29%2FLankesteriana%252010%282-3%29%2520Part%252010%2520-%2520Biographies.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palm_House-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Palm_House_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/visit-kew-gardens/explore/attractions/palm-house-and-rose-garden">"Palm House and Rose Garden"</a>. <i>Visit Kew Gardens</i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+Kew+Gardens&rft.atitle=Palm+House+and+Rose+Garden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fvisit-kew-gardens%2Fexplore%2Fattractions%2Fpalm-house-and-rose-garden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/The_Crystal_Palace" title="The Crystal Palace">The Crystal Palace</a> was an even more imposing glass and iron structure but a fire destroyed it.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F0DE5DA133BE633A25752C2A9649C946296D6CF">"Suffragists burn a pavilion at Kew; Two Arrested and Held Without Bail – One Throws a Book at a Magistrate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 21 February 1913.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Suffragists+burn+a+pavilion+at+Kew%3B+Two+Arrested+and+Held+Without+Bail+%E2%80%93+One+Throws+a+Book+at+a+Magistrate&rft.date=1913-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9F0DE5DA133BE633A25752C2A9649C946296D6CF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bone-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bone_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBone,_Victoria2007" class="citation news cs1">Bone, Victoria (16 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7033148.stm">"Kew: Razed, reborn and rejuvenated"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Kew%3A+Razed%2C+reborn+and+rejuvenated&rft.date=2007-10-16&rft.au=Bone%2C+Victoria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F7033148.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121104074335/http://www.kew.org/heritage/places/flagpole.html">"Kew Gardens Flagpole"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/heritage/places/flagpole.html">the original</a> on 4 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kew+Gardens+Flagpole&rft.pub=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fheritage%2Fplaces%2Fflagpole.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy,_Maev2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maev_Kennedy" title="Maev Kennedy">Kennedy, Maev</a> (3 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/may/03/kew-gardens-temperate-house-reopens-after-restoration">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Breathtakingly beautiful': Kew's Temperate House reopens after revamp"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27Breathtakingly+beautiful%27%3A+Kew%27s+Temperate+House+reopens+after+revamp&rft.date=2018-05-03&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+Maev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2018%2Fmay%2F03%2Fkew-gardens-temperate-house-reopens-after-restoration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/blogs/library-art-and-archives/celebrating-tree">"Celebrating the tree"</a>. <i>Kew blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kew+blog&rft.atitle=Celebrating+the+tree&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fblogs%2Flibrary-art-and-archives%2Fcelebrating-tree&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exploring-london.com/2011/02/04/treasures-of-london-the-old-lion-maidenhair-tree-kew-gardens/">"Treasures of London – The 'Old Lion' Maidenhair Tree, Kew Gardens"</a>. <i>exploring-london.com</i>. 4 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=exploring-london.com&rft.atitle=Treasures+of+London+%E2%80%93+The+%27Old+Lion%27+Maidenhair+Tree%2C+Kew+Gardens&rft.date=2011-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexploring-london.com%2F2011%2F02%2F04%2Ftreasures-of-london-the-old-lion-maidenhair-tree-kew-gardens%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVymeris,_AndrewJohnston,_Eddie2023" class="citation web cs1">Vymeris, Andrew; Johnston, Eddie (27 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/read-and-watch/kews-old-lions">"Meet Kew's Old Lions"</a>. <i>Kew.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kew.org&rft.atitle=Meet+Kew%27s+Old+Lions&rft.date=2023-02-27&rft.au=Vymeris%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Johnston%2C+Eddie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fread-and-watch%2Fkews-old-lions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509130015/http://www.kew.org/trees/">"Treetop Walkway"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/trees/">the original</a> on 9 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Treetop+Walkway&rft.pub=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Ftrees%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theguardian-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-theguardian_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose2017" class="citation news cs1">Rose, Steve (9 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/oct/09/david-marks-obituary">"David Marks obituary"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2017</span> – via www.theguardian.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=David+Marks+obituary&rft.date=2017-10-09&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2017%2Foct%2F09%2Fdavid-marks-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/whats-in-the-gardens/treetop-walkway">"Treetop Walkway"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221017235304/https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/whats-in-the-gardens/treetop-walkway">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Treetop+Walkway&rft.pub=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fkew-gardens%2Fwhats-in-the-gardens%2Ftreetop-walkway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080607144114/http://apps.kew.org/trees/?page_id=245">"The making of the Treetop Walkway"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.kew.org/trees/?page_id=245">the original</a> on 7 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+making+of+the+Treetop+Walkway&rft.pub=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.kew.org%2Ftrees%2F%3Fpage_id%3D245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KewLakeCrossing-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KewLakeCrossing_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KewLakeCrossing_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/whats-in-the-gardens/lake-and-crossing">"Lake and Crossing"</a>. <i>Kew</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kew&rft.atitle=Lake+and+Crossing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fkew-gardens%2Fwhats-in-the-gardens%2Flake-and-crossing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200810061122/https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/whats-in-the-gardens/lake-and-sackler-crossing">"Lake and Sackler Crossing"</a>. <i>Kew</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/whats-in-the-gardens/lake-and-sackler-crossing">the original</a> on 10 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kew&rft.atitle=Lake+and+Sackler+Crossing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fkew-gardens%2Fwhats-in-the-gardens%2Flake-and-sackler-crossing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KewMap-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KewMap_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KewMap_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/visit-kew-gardens/map">"Maps of Kew Gardens"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221020142209/https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/visit-kew-gardens/map">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maps+of+Kew+Gardens&rft.pub=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fkew-gardens%2Fvisit-kew-gardens%2Fmap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorrespondent2012" class="citation web cs1">Correspondent, Louise Jury, Chief Arts (13 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/hp/front/new-st-pancras-wins-major-award-for-architecture-6927174.html">"New St Pancras wins major award for architecture"</a>. <i>Evening Standard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=New+St+Pancras+wins+major+award+for+architecture&rft.date=2012-04-13&rft.aulast=Correspondent&rft.aufirst=Louise+Jury%2C+Chief+Arts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fhp%2Ffront%2Fnew-st-pancras-wins-major-award-for-architecture-6927174.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/kew-garden-set-to-bee-a-permanent-home-for-popular-sculpture-the-hive-a3821761.html">"Kew Garden set to bee a permanent home for popular sculpture The Hive"</a>. Evening Standard. 24 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kew+Garden+set+to+bee+a+permanent+home+for+popular+sculpture+The+Hive&rft.pub=Evening+Standard&rft.date=2018-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fkew-garden-set-to-bee-a-permanent-home-for-popular-sculpture-the-hive-a3821761.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/whats-on/kew-explorer-land-train">"Kew Explorer land train"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220422073424/https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/whats-on/kew-explorer-land-train">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kew+Explorer+land+train&rft.pub=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fkew-gardens%2Fwhats-on%2Fkew-explorer-land-train&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-new_compost-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-new_compost_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-new_compost_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906045147/http://www.kew.org/visit-kew-gardens/explore/attractions/compost-heap">"Compost heap"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/visit-kew-gardens/explore/attractions/compost-heap">the original</a> on 6 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Compost+heap&rft.pub=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fvisit-kew-gardens%2Fexplore%2Fattractions%2Fcompost-heap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Compost-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Compost_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Compost_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203010325/http://www.kew.org/visit-kew-gardens/garden-attractions-A-Z/compost-heap.htm">"Compost heap"</a>. <i>Visit Kew Gardens</i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/visit-kew-gardens/garden-attractions-A-Z/compost-heap.htm">the original</a> on 3 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+Kew+Gardens&rft.atitle=Compost+heap&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fvisit-kew-gardens%2Fgarden-attractions-A-Z%2Fcompost-heap.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/whats-on/introduction-to-the-gardens">"Introduction to the Gardens"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220704174654/https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/whats-on/introduction-to-the-gardens">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Gardens&rft.pub=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fkew-gardens%2Fwhats-on%2Fintroduction-to-the-gardens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/101250800-aroid-house-number-1-kew-ward#.WhkeNkpl_IU">"Aroid House No 1 listing"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aroid+House+No+1+listing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk%2F101250800-aroid-house-number-1-kew-ward%23.WhkeNkpl_IU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120503010847/http://www.kew.org/visit-kew-gardens/garden-attractions-A-Z/orangery.htm">"Visit Kew Gardens – The Orangery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/visit-kew-gardens/garden-attractions-A-Z/orangery.htm">the original</a> on 3 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Visit+Kew+Gardens+%E2%80%93+The+Orangery&rft.pub=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fvisit-kew-gardens%2Fgarden-attractions-A-Z%2Forangery.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-houses_of_glass_p300-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-houses_of_glass_p300_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-houses_of_glass_p300_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kohlmaier, Georg and von Sortory, Barna. <i>Houses of Glass, A Nineteenth-Century Building Type</i>. The MIT Press, 1990 (p300)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-houses_of_glass_p140-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-houses_of_glass_p140_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kohlmaier, Georg and von Sortory, Barna. <i>Houses of Glass, A Nineteenth-Century Building Type</i>. The MIT Press, 1990 (p140)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-houses_of_glass_p296-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-houses_of_glass_p296_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-houses_of_glass_p296_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-houses_of_glass_p296_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kohlmaier, Georg and von Sortory, Barna. <i>Houses of Glass, A Nineteenth-Century Building Type</i>. The MIT Press, 1990 (p296)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-houses_of_glass_p299-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-houses_of_glass_p299_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kohlmaier, Georg and von Sortory, Barna. <i>Houses of Glass, A Nineteenth-Century Building Type</i>. The MIT Press, 1990 (p299)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brentforddockresidents.co.uk/sculptures/10queens.php">"Local Sculptures – 10 Queen's Beasts"</a>. Brentford Dock Residents<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+Sculptures+%E2%80%93+10+Queen%27s+Beasts&rft.pub=Brentford+Dock+Residents&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brentforddockresidents.co.uk%2Fsculptures%2F10queens.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HE-Campanile-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HE-Campanile_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1251642" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1251642?section=official-list-entry">"CAMPANILE, Richmond upon Thames (1251642)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=CAMPANILE%2C+Richmond+upon+Thames+%281251642%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1251642%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/heritage/people/augusta.html">Augusta, Princess of Wales</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140220031111/http://www.kew.org/heritage/people/augusta.html">Archived</a> 20 February 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-powc-secrets-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-powc-secrets_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-powc-secrets_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatie_Avis-Riordan2019" class="citation web cs1">Katie Avis-Riordan (7 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/read-and-watch/princess-of-wales-conservatory-secrets-facts">"The secrets of the Princess of Wales Conservatory"</a>. <i>Kew.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kew.org&rft.atitle=The+secrets+of+the+Princess+of+Wales+Conservatory&rft.date=2019-05-07&rft.au=Katie+Avis-Riordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fread-and-watch%2Fprincess-of-wales-conservatory-secrets-facts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The History of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151009031515/http://www.donaldinsallassociates.co.uk/projects/project/temperate-house-royal-botanic-gardens">"Temperate House, Royal Botanic Gardens"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Donald_Insall_Associates" title="Donald Insall Associates">Donald Insall Associates</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.donaldinsallassociates.co.uk/projects/project/temperate-house-royal-botanic-gardens">the original</a> on 9 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Temperate+House%2C+Royal+Botanic+Gardens&rft.pub=Donald+Insall+Associates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.donaldinsallassociates.co.uk%2Fprojects%2Fproject%2Ftemperate-house-royal-botanic-gardens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waterlily-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Waterlily_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203010300/http://www.kew.org/visit-kew-gardens/garden-attractions-A-Z/waterlily-house.htm">"Waterlily House"</a>. <i>Visit Kew Gardens</i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/visit-kew-gardens/garden-attractions-A-Z/waterlily-house.htm">the original</a> on 3 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+Kew+Gardens&rft.atitle=Waterlily+House&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fvisit-kew-gardens%2Fgarden-attractions-A-Z%2Fwaterlily-house.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1401475" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a> (9 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1401475?section=official-list-entry">"Australian House Kew (1401475)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Australian+House+Kew+%281401475%29&rft.date=2011-05-09&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1401475%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/plants/bonsai-collection">"Bonsai Collection"</a>. <i>Kew.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kew.org&rft.atitle=Bonsai+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fkew-gardens%2Fplants%2Fbonsai-collection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_62-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_62-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Key Plan, 1974</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrdnance_Survey1939" class="citation book cs1">Ordnance Survey (1939). <i>The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Key Plan</i>. The National Archive Kew OS 5/112. Ordnance Survey Map of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Gardens. London: Ordnance Survey.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Botanic+Gardens+Kew%2C+Key+Plan&rft.place=London&rft.series=The+National+Archive+Kew+OS+5%2F112.+Ordnance+Survey+Map+of+Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew+Gardens&rft.pub=Ordnance+Survey&rft.date=1939&rft.au=Ordnance+Survey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorley,_James2002" class="citation web cs1">Morley, James (1 August 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120615203159/http://www.kew.org/heritage/places/pagoda.html">"<i>Kew, History & Heritage</i>"</a>. Kew. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/heritage/places/pagoda.html">the original</a> on 15 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kew%2C+History+%26+Heritage&rft.pub=Kew&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft.au=Morley%2C+James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fheritage%2Fplaces%2Fpagoda.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hrp.org.uk/news-and-media/press-resources/kew-palace-press-releases-and-archives/dragons-to-return-to-the-great-pagoda-at-kew-after-200-year-hunt">"Dragons to return to The Great Pagoda at Kew after 200-year hunt"</a>. Historic Royal Palaces<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dragons+to+return+to+The+Great+Pagoda+at+Kew+after+200-year+hunt&rft.pub=Historic+Royal+Palaces&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrp.org.uk%2Fnews-and-media%2Fpress-resources%2Fkew-palace-press-releases-and-archives%2Fdragons-to-return-to-the-great-pagoda-at-kew-after-200-year-hunt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Japan_2001-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Japan_2001_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2001/02/15/news/japan-2001-fest-set-to-take-center-stage-in-u-k/#.UuTIBbRFDDA">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Japan 2001′ fest set to take center stage in U.K."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Japan_Times" title="The Japan Times">The Japan Times</a></i>. 15 February 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=%27Japan+2001%E2%80%B2+fest+set+to+take+center+stage+in+U.K.&rft.date=2001-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2001%2F02%2F15%2Fnews%2Fjapan-2001-fest-set-to-take-center-stage-in-u-k%2F%23.UuTIBbRFDDA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrp.org.uk/kew-palace/whats-on/queen-charlottes-cottage/">"Queen Charlotte's Cottage"</a>. Historic Royal Palaces<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Queen+Charlotte%27s+Cottage&rft.pub=Historic+Royal+Palaces&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrp.org.uk%2Fkew-palace%2Fwhats-on%2Fqueen-charlottes-cottage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1251785" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1251785?section=official-list-entry">"King William's temple (1251785)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=King+William%27s+temple+%281251785%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1251785%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1262669" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1262669?section=official-list-entry">"Temple of Aeolus (1262669)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Temple+of+Aeolus+%281262669%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1262669%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mcewen-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mcewen_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mcewen_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mcewen_70-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcewen2018" class="citation journal cs1">Mcewen, Ron (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26589606">"Solving the Mysteries of Kew's Extant Garden Temples"</a>. <i>Garden History</i>. <b>46</b> (2): 196–216. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26589606">26589606</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Garden+History&rft.atitle=Solving+the+Mysteries+of+Kew%27s+Extant+Garden+Temples&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=196-216&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26589606%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mcewen&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26589606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1251777" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1251777?section=official-list-entry">"Temple of Arethusa (1251777)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Temple+of+Arethusa+%281251777%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1251777%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1262581" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1262581?section=official-list-entry">"Temple of Bellona (1262581)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Temple+of+Bellona+%281262581%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1262581%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1251956" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1251956?section=official-list-entry">"Ruined Arch (1251956)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Ruined+Arch+%281251956%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1251956%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1251799" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1251799?section=official-list-entry">"Ice House (1251799)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Ice+House+%281251799%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1251799%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151009031946/http://www.donaldinsallassociates.co.uk/projects/project/kew-palace">"Kew Palace"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Donald_Insall_Associates" title="Donald Insall Associates">Donald Insall Associates</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kew+Palace&rft.pub=Donald+Insall+Associates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.donaldinsallassociates.co.uk%2Fprojects%2Fproject%2Fkew-palace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160129173109/http://pmsa.org.uk/pmsa-database/3931/">"Kew Gardens Sundial"</a>. <i>Public Monuments and Sculpture Association</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Monuments+and+Sculpture+Association&rft.atitle=Kew+Gardens+Sundial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpmsa.org.uk%2Fpmsa-database%2F3931%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/11959/sundial">"Thomas Tompion (bapt.1639 d. 1713) – Sundial"</a>. <i>www.royalcollection.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.royalcollection.org.uk&rft.atitle=Thomas+Tompion+%28bapt.1639+d.+1713%29+%E2%80%93+Sundial&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalcollection.org.uk%2Fcollection%2F11959%2Fsundial&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medicalmuseums.org/">"Medical Museums"</a>. <i>medicalmuseums.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=medicalmuseums.org&rft.atitle=Medical+Museums&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedicalmuseums.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.donaldinsallassociates.co.uk/projects/project/marianne-north-gallery-royal-botanic-gardens-kew">"Marianne North Gallery, Royal Botanic Gardens"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Donald_Insall_Associates" title="Donald Insall Associates">Donald Insall Associates</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marianne+North+Gallery%2C+Royal+Botanic+Gardens&rft.pub=Donald+Insall+Associates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.donaldinsallassociates.co.uk%2Fprojects%2Fproject%2Fmarianne-north-gallery-royal-botanic-gardens-kew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/science/collections/economic-botany-collection/explore-the-collection/wood-collection-xylarium">"Wood collection at Kew"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wood+collection+at+Kew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fscience%2Fcollections%2Feconomic-botany-collection%2Fexplore-the-collection%2Fwood-collection-xylarium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1384256&sort=4&search=all&criteria=royal%20william&rational=q&recordsperpage=10&p=11&move=p&nor=226&recfc=0&resourceID=19191">"Cambridge Cottage"</a>. <i>Heritage Gateway</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heritage+Gateway&rft.atitle=Cambridge+Cottage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagegateway.org.uk%2FGateway%2FResults_Single.aspx%3Fuid%3D1384256%26sort%3D4%26search%3Dall%26criteria%3Droyal%2520william%26rational%3Dq%26recordsperpage%3D10%26p%3D11%26move%3Dp%26nor%3D226%26recfc%3D0%26resourceID%3D19191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1065396" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1065396?section=official-list-entry">"Cambridge Cottage (1065396)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Cambridge+Cottage+%281065396%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1065396%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kew_Plants-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kew_Plants_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/plants">"Plants"</a>. Kew Gardens<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Plants&rft.pub=Kew+Gardens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fkew-gardens%2Fplants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/plants/aquatic-collection">"Aquatic Collection"</a>. Kew Gardens<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aquatic+Collection&rft.pub=Kew+Gardens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fkew-gardens%2Fplants%2Faquatic-collection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/plants/bonsai-collection">"Bonsai Collection"</a>. Kew Gardens<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bonsai+Collection&rft.pub=Kew+Gardens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fkew-gardens%2Fplants%2Fbonsai-collection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/plants/arid-collection">"Arid Collection"</a>. Kew Gardens<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arid+Collection&rft.pub=Kew+Gardens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fkew-gardens%2Fplants%2Farid-collection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/plants/carnivorous-plant-collection">"Carnivorous Plant Collection"</a>. Kew Gardens<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carnivorous+Plant+Collection&rft.pub=Kew+Gardens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fkew-gardens%2Fplants%2Fcarnivorous-plant-collection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/plants/grass-collection">"Grass Collection"</a>. Kew Gardens<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grass+Collection&rft.pub=Kew+Gardens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fkew-gardens%2Fplants%2Fgrass-collection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/plants/orchids-collection">"Orchid Collection"</a>. Kew Gardens<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orchid+Collection&rft.pub=Kew+Gardens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fkew-gardens%2Fplants%2Forchids-collection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/plants/arboretum">"Arboretum"</a>. Kew Gardens<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arboretum&rft.pub=Kew+Gardens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fkew-gardens%2Fplants%2Farboretum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/gotoHomePage.do">"Kew Herbarium Catalogue"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221231130827/http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/gotoHomePage.do">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kew+Herbarium+Catalogue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.kew.org%2Fherbcat%2FgotoHomePage.do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-collections-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-collections_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-collections_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006080340/http://www.kew.org/collections/herbcol.html">"Kew website, Herbarium Collections"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/collections/herbcol.html">the original</a> on 6 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kew+website%2C+Herbarium+Collections&rft.pub=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fcollections%2Fherbcol.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.kew.org/herbcat/navigator.do">"Welcome to the Kew Herbarium Catalogue"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Index+Herbariorum&rft.pub=Steere+Herbarium%2C+New+York+Botanical+Garden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsweetgum.nybg.org%2Fscience%2Fih%2Fherbarium-details%2F%3Firn%3D125812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/science/collections-and-resources/collections/fungarium">"The Fungarium"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200810055713/https://www.kew.org/science/collections-and-resources/collections/fungarium">Archived</a> 10 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved March 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/science/collections-and-resources/collections/library">"Kew's Library"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200515041816/https://www.kew.org/science/collections-and-resources/collections/library">Archived</a> 15 May 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens_Kew" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Botanic Gardens Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens Kew</a>. Retrieved March 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kew.org/kew-gardens/whats-in-the-gardens/library-and-archives">"Library and Archives | Kew"</a>. <i>www.kew.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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IMDb.com. 2 March 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IMDb%3A+Time+Team%3A+Season+10%2C+Episode+9+Kew+Gardens%2C+London&rft.pub=IMDb.com&rft.date=2003-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0723698%2F%3Fref_%3Dfn_al_tt_3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0765868/?ref_=fn_al_tt_6">"IMDb: Art of the Garden: Season 1, Episode 2 The Great Palm House at Kew"</a>. IMDb.com. 4 June 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IMDb%3A+Art+of+the+Garden%3A+Season+1%2C+Episode+2+The+Great+Palm+House+at+Kew&rft.pub=IMDb.com&rft.date=2004-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0765868%2F%3Fref_%3Dfn_al_tt_6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Year-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Year_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006qjcf/episodes/guide">"A Year at Kew"</a>. <i>Episode guide</i>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Episode+guide&rft.atitle=A+Year+at+Kew&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb006qjcf%2Fepisodes%2Fguide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00k7nww">"BBC Two: Cruickshank on Kew: The Garden That Changed the World"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 10 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Two%3A+Cruickshank+on+Kew%3A+The+Garden+That+Changed+the+World&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2011-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb00k7nww&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006113945/http://www.kew.org/discover/videos/kingdom-plants-david-attenborough">"Kew: Kingdom of Plants with David Attenborough"</a>. Kew.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/discover/videos/kingdom-plants-david-attenborough">the original</a> on 6 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kew%3A+Kingdom+of+Plants+with+David+Attenborough&rft.pub=Kew.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fdiscover%2Fvideos%2Fkingdom-plants-david-attenborough&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaria2022" class="citation web cs1">Maria, Charlene (17 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegamer.com/sherlock-holmes-best-murder-cases-ranked/">"Sherlock Holmes: Best Murder Cases In The Series, Ranked"</a>. <i>TheGamer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGamer&rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes%3A+Best+Murder+Cases+In+The+Series%2C+Ranked&rft.date=2022-01-17&rft.aulast=Maria&rft.aufirst=Charlene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegamer.com%2Fsherlock-holmes-best-murder-cases-ranked%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Early_fiction-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Early_fiction_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid,_Panthea2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Reid, Panthea (2 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/647786/Virginia-Woolf/260662/Early-fiction#ref927535">"Virginia Woolf: early fiction"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Virginia+Woolf%3A+early+fiction&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2013-12-02&rft.au=Reid%2C+Panthea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F647786%2FVirginia-Woolf%2F260662%2FEarly-fiction%23ref927535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoolf,_Virginia1921" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Woolf, Virginia</a> (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/woolf/monday/monday-07.html"><i>Kew Gardens</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kew+Gardens&rft.date=1921&rft.au=Woolf%2C+Virginia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.upenn.edu%2Fwomen%2Fwoolf%2Fmonday%2Fmonday-07.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/9993864.Royalty_opens_Kew_Gardens__Elizabeth_Gate/">"Royalty opens Kew Gardens' Elizabeth Gate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Richmond_and_Twickenham_Times" title="Richmond and Twickenham Times">Richmond and Twickenham Times</a></i>. 21 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Richmond+and+Twickenham+Times&rft.atitle=Royalty+opens+Kew+Gardens%27+Elizabeth+Gate&rft.date=2012-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk%2Fnews%2F9993864.Royalty_opens_Kew_Gardens__Elizabeth_Gate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gates-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gates_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150211022204/http://www.kew.org/visit-kew-gardens/plan-your-visit/which-gate-to-use">"Which gate to use"</a>. <i>Visit Kew Gardens</i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/visit-kew-gardens/plan-your-visit/which-gate-to-use">the original</a> on 11 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+Kew+Gardens&rft.atitle=Which+gate+to+use&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fvisit-kew-gardens%2Fplan-your-visit%2Fwhich-gate-to-use&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-transport-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-transport_127-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-transport_127-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-transport_127-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-transport_127-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-transport_127-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/visit-kew-gardens/plan-your-visit/getting-here">"Getting here"</a>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Getting+here&rft.pub=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kew.org%2Fvisit-kew-gardens%2Fplan-your-visit%2Fgetting-here&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Jasper_Walter_Blunt" title="Wilfrid Jasper Walter Blunt">Blunt, Wilfrid</a>. <i>In for a Penny: A Prospect of Kew Gardens</i> (Hamish Hamilton, 1978)</li> <li>Desmond, Ray. <i>Kew: The History of the Royal Botanical Gardens</i> (Harvill Press, 1995)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/K" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:K">K</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/">Official website</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kew"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Kew">"Kew" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 767.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kew&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=767&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKew+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span> — The Royal Botanic Gardens of Kew originated in.....</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kew_Gardens" title="Template:Kew Gardens"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kew_Gardens" title="Template talk:Kew Gardens"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kew_Gardens" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kew Gardens"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kew Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakehurst_Place" title="Wakehurst Place">Wakehurst Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedgebury_National_Pinetum" title="Bedgebury National Pinetum">Bedgebury National Pinetum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Herbarium" title="Kew Herbarium">Kew Herbarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Palace" title="Kew Palace">Kew Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_House,_Kew_Gardens" title="Temperate House, Kew Gardens">Temperate House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_House,_Kew_Gardens" title="Palm House, Kew Gardens">Palm House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Pagoda,_Kew_Gardens" title="Great Pagoda, Kew Gardens">Great Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Charlotte%27s_Cottage" title="Queen Charlotte's Cottage">Queen Charlotte's Cottage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Directors_of_the_Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Directors of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Directors of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Botany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Index_Kewensis" title="Index Kewensis">Index Kewensis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">International Plant Names Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">The Plant List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Checklist_of_Selected_Plant_Families" title="World Checklist of Selected Plant Families">World Checklist of Selected Plant Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GrassBase" title="GrassBase">GrassBase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">World Flora Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_Fungorum" title="Index Fungorum">Index Fungorum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Plant_Hunt" title="The Great Plant Hunt">The Great Plant Hunt</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kew_Bulletin" title="Kew Bulletin">Kew Bulletin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Constabulary" title="Kew Constabulary">Kew Constabulary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens_(short_story)" title="Kew Gardens (short story)">Kew Gardens (short story)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Rule" title="Kew Rule">Kew Rule</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Plants_3D" title="Kingdom of Plants 3D">Kingdom of Plants 3D</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Seed_Bank_Partnership" title="Millennium Seed Bank Partnership">Millennium Seed Bank Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Native_Seed_Hub" title="UK Native Seed Hub">UK Native Seed Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Beasts" title="The Queen's Beasts">The Queen's Beasts</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Curtis%27s_Botanical_Magazine" title="Curtis's Botanical Magazine">Curtis's Botanical Magazine</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parks_and_open_spaces_in_London" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parks_and_open_spaces_in_London" title="Template:Parks and open spaces in London"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parks_and_open_spaces_in_London" title="Template talk:Parks and open spaces in London"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parks_and_open_spaces_in_London" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parks and open spaces in London"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parks_and_open_spaces_in_London" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_London" title="Parks and open spaces in London">Parks and open spaces in London</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Parks" title="The Royal Parks">Royal parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushy_Park" title="Bushy Park">Bushy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Park" title="Green Park">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Park" title="Greenwich Park">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London" title="Hyde Park, London">Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Gardens" title="Kensington Gardens">Kensington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_Park" title="Regent's Park">Regent's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Park" title="Richmond Park">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Park" title="St James's Park">St James's</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_Hyde_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Aerial_view_of_Hyde_Park.jpg/100px-Aerial_view_of_Hyde_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Aerial_view_of_Hyde_Park.jpg/150px-Aerial_view_of_Hyde_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Aerial_view_of_Hyde_Park.jpg/200px-Aerial_view_of_Hyde_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Large <a href="/wiki/Urban_park" title="Urban park">urban parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Park,_London" title="Alexandra Park, London">Alexandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnos_Grove#Arnos_Park" title="Arnos Grove">Arnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barking_Park" title="Barking Park">Barking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barra_Hall_Park" title="Barra Hall Park">Barra Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_Park" title="Battersea Park">Battersea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beckenham_Place_Park" title="Beckenham Place Park">Beckenham Place Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackheath,_London" title="Blackheath, London">Blackheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brockwell_Park" title="Brockwell Park">Brockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgess_Park" title="Burgess Park">Burgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Park,_Greenwich" title="Charlton Park, Greenwich">Charlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clissold_Park" title="Clissold Park">Clissold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_Park" title="Crystal Palace Park">Crystal Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulwich_Park" title="Dulwich Park">Dulwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enfield_Town_Park" title="Enfield Town Park">Enfield Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finsbury_Park" title="Finsbury Park">Finsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forster_Memorial_Park" title="Forster Memorial Park">Forster Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampstead_Heath" title="Hampstead Heath">Hampstead Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Air_Park#Today" title="London Air Park">Hanworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_Park" title="Holland Park">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayesbrook_Park" title="Mayesbrook Park">Mayesbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountsfield_Park" title="Mountsfield Park">Mountsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Deer_Park" title="Old Deer Park">Old Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsloes_Park" title="Parsloes Park">Parsloes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primrose_Hill" title="Primrose Hill">Primrose Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pymmes_Park" title="Pymmes Park">Pymmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Park,_London" title="Queen's Park, London">Queen's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Olympic_Park" title="Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park">Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravenscourt_Park" title="Ravenscourt Park">Ravenscourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruskin_Park" title="Ruskin Park">Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwark_Park" title="Southwark Park">Southwark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentines_Park" title="Valentines Park">Valentines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Park,_London" title="Victoria Park, London">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandsworth_Park" title="Wandsworth Park">Wandsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanstead_Park" title="Wanstead Park">Wanstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterlow_Park" title="Waterlow Park">Waterlow Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Ham_Park" title="West Ham Park">West Ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_Park" title="Wimbledon Park">Wimbledon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Country parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruislip_Woods" title="Ruislip Woods">Bayhurst Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedfont_Lakes_Country_Park" title="Bedfont Lakes Country Park">Bedfont Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belhus_Woods_Country_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Belhus Woods Country Park">Belhus Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastbrookend_Country_Park" title="Eastbrookend Country Park">Eastbrookend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairlop_Waters_Country_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairlop Waters Country Park">Fairlop Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foots_Cray_Meadows" title="Foots Cray Meadows">Foots Cray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fryent_Country_Park" title="Fryent Country Park">Fryent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainault_Forest" title="Hainault Forest">Hainault Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havering_Country_Park" title="Havering Country Park">Havering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Elms_Country_Park" title="High Elms Country Park">High Elms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornchurch_Country_Park" title="Hornchurch Country Park">Hornchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Valley_Park" title="Lee Valley Park">Lee Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Norwood_Country_Park" title="South Norwood Country Park">South Norwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanmore_Country_Park,_London" title="Stanmore Country Park, London">Stanmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockley_Country_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockley Country Park">Stockley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Park" title="Trent Park">Trent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_common_land_in_London" title="List of common land in London">Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnes_Common" title="Barnes Common">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackheath,_London" title="Blackheath, London">Blackheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bostall_Heath_and_Woods" title="Bostall Heath and Woods">Bostall Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clapham_Common" title="Clapham Common">Clapham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealing_Common" title="Ealing Common">Ealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Sheen_Common" title="East Sheen Common">East Sheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_Brook_Common" title="Eel Brook Common">Eel Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eltham_Common" title="Eltham Common">Eltham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_Marshes" title="Hackney Marshes">Hackney Marshes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainault_Forest" title="Hainault Forest">Hainault Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham_Common,_London" title="Ham Common, London">Ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampstead_Heath" title="Hampstead Heath">Hampstead Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayes_Common" title="Hayes Common">Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keston_Common" title="Keston Common">Keston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitcham_Common" title="Mitcham Common">Mitcham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monken_Hadley_Common" title="Monken Hadley Common">Monken Hadley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peckham_Rye" title="Peckham Rye">Peckham Rye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumstead_Common" title="Plumstead Common">Plumstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanmore_Common" title="Stanmore Common">Stanmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streatham_Common" title="Streatham Common">Streatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Common" title="Sutton Common">Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tooting_Commons" title="Tooting Commons">Tooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tylers_Common" title="Tylers Common">Tylers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandsworth_Common" title="Wandsworth Common">Wandsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_Common" title="Wimbledon Common">Wimbledon and Putney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winn%27s_Common" title="Winn's Common">Winn's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolwich_Common" title="Woolwich Common">Woolwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wormwood_Scrubs" title="Wormwood Scrubs">Wormwood Scrubs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Village_green" title="Village green">Village greens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camberwell_Green" title="Camberwell Green">Camberwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crooked_Billet" title="Crooked Billet">Crooked Billet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islington_Green" title="Islington Green">Islington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Green" title="Kew Green">Kew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newington_Green" title="Newington Green">Newington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsons_Green_(The_green)" title="Parsons Green (The green)">Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Green" title="Richmond Green">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd%27s_Bush_Green" title="Shepherd's Bush Green">Shepherd's Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnham_Green" title="Turnham Green">Turnham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Twickenham_Green&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Twickenham Green (page does not exist)">Twickenham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marshes and wetlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crayford_Marshes" class="mw-redirect" title="Crayford Marshes">Crayford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erith_Marshes" title="Erith Marshes">Erith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_Marshes" title="Hackney Marshes">Hackney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornchurch_Marshes" title="Hornchurch Marshes">Hornchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ickenham_Marsh" title="Ickenham Marsh">Ickenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrebourne_Marshes" title="Ingrebourne Marshes">Ingrebourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyton_Marsh" title="Leyton Marsh">Leyton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainham_Marshes_Nature_Reserve" title="Rainham Marshes Nature Reserve">Rainham, Wennington, and Aveley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tottenham_Marshes" title="Tottenham Marshes">Tottenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walthamstow_Marshes" title="Walthamstow Marshes">Walthamstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodberry_Wetlands" title="Woodberry Wetlands">Woodberry Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWT_London_Wetland_Centre" title="WWT London Wetland Centre">WWT London Wetland Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Woodland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bostall_Heath_and_Woods" title="Bostall Heath and Woods">Bostall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braeburn_Park" title="Braeburn Park">Braeburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coldfall_Wood" title="Coldfall Wood">Coldfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruislip_Woods" title="Ruislip Woods">Copse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulwich_Wood" title="Dulwich Wood">Dulwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epping_Forest" title="Epping Forest">Epping Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grangewood_Park" title="Grangewood Park">Grangewood Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highgate_Wood" title="Highgate Wood">Highgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesnes_Abbey_Woods" title="Lesnes Abbey Woods">Lesnes Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruislip_Woods" title="Ruislip Woods">Mad Bess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Park_Wood" title="Old Park Wood">Old Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxleas_Wood" title="Oxleas Wood">Oxleas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruislip_Woods" title="Ruislip Woods">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petts_Wood" title="Petts Wood">Petts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Wood" title="Queen's Wood">Queen's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repository_Woods" title="Repository Woods">Repository Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_Dock_Woodland" title="Russia Dock Woodland">Russia Dock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydenham_Hill_Wood" title="Sydenham Hill Wood">Sydenham Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House gardens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_House" title="Avenue House">Avenue House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belair_Park" title="Belair Park">Belair Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Manor_Park" title="Boston Manor Park">Boston Manor Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broomfield_House" title="Broomfield House">Broomfield House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannizaro_Park" title="Cannizaro Park">Cannizaro Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiswick_House" title="Chiswick House">Chiswick House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danson_Park" title="Danson Park">Danson Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grovelands_Park" title="Grovelands Park">Grovelands Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grove_Park_(Sutton)" title="Grove Park (Sutton)">Grove Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnersbury_Park" title="Gunnersbury Park">Gunnersbury Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_Place" title="Hall Place">Hall Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Park" title="Hampton Court Park">Hampton Court Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillingdon_Court" title="Hillingdon Court">Hillingdon Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenwood_House" title="Kenwood House">Kenwood House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamorbey_Park" title="Lamorbey Park">Lamorbey Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langtons" title="Langtons">Langtons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manor_House_Gardens" title="Manor House Gardens">Manor House Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Hill_Park" title="Marble Hill Park">Marble Hill Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morden_Hall_Park" title="Morden Hall Park">Morden Hall Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morden_Park" title="Morden Park">Morden Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osterley_Park" title="Osterley Park">Osterley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syon_House" title="Syon House">Syon House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valence_House_Museum" title="Valence House Museum">Valence House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walpole_Park" title="Walpole Park">Walpole Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entry-fee charging</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Kew Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWT_London_Wetland_Centre" title="WWT London Wetland Centre">London Wetland Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community gardens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Garden" title="Phoenix Garden">Phoenix Garden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parks_and_open_spaces_by_London_borough" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parks_and_open_spaces_in_London" title="Template:Parks and open spaces in London"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parks_and_open_spaces_in_London" title="Template talk:Parks and open spaces in London"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parks_and_open_spaces_in_London" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parks and open spaces in London"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parks_and_open_spaces_by_London_borough" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parks and open spaces by London borough</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Barking_and_Dagenham" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham">Barking and Dagenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Barnet" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Barnet">Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Bexley" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Bexley">Bexley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Brent" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Brent">Brent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Bromley" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Bromley">Bromley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Camden" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Camden">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Croydon" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Croydon">Croydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Ealing" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Ealing">Ealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Enfield" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Enfield">Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_Royal_Borough_of_Greenwich" title="Parks and open spaces in the Royal Borough of Greenwich">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Hackney" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Hackney">Hackney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Hammersmith_and_Fulham" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham">Hammersmith and Fulham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Haringey" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Haringey">Haringey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Harrow" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Harrow">Harrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Havering" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Havering">Havering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Hillingdon" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Hillingdon">Hillingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Hounslow" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Hounslow">Hounslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Islington" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Islington">Islington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_Royal_Borough_of_Kensington_and_Chelsea" title="Parks and open spaces in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea">Kensington and Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_Royal_Borough_of_Kingston_upon_Thames" title="Parks and open spaces in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames">Kingston upon Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Lambeth" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Lambeth">Lambeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Lewisham" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Lewisham">Lewisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Merton" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Merton">Merton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Newham" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Newham">Newham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Redbridge" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Redbridge">Redbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks,_open_spaces_and_nature_reserves_in_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="Parks, open spaces and nature reserves in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">Richmond upon Thames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Southwark" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Southwark">Southwark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Sutton" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Sutton">Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets">Tower Hamlets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Waltham_Forest" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Waltham Forest">Waltham Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_London_Borough_of_Wandsworth" title="Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Wandsworth">Wandsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_the_City_of_Westminster" title="Parks and open spaces in the City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LB_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="Template:LB Richmond upon Thames"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LB_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="Template talk:LB Richmond upon Thames"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LB_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LB Richmond upon Thames"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">London Borough of Richmond upon Thames</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnes,_London" title="Barnes, London">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Sheen" title="East Sheen">East Sheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulwell,_London" title="Fulwell, London">Fulwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham,_London" title="Ham, London">Ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton,_London" title="Hampton, London">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Hill" title="Hampton Hill">Hampton Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Wick" title="Hampton Wick">Hampton Wick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew" title="Kew">Kew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortlake" title="Mortlake">Mortlake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petersham,_London" title="Petersham, London">Petersham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_London" title="Richmond, London">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Margarets,_London" title="St Margarets, London">St Margarets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry_Hill,_London" title="Strawberry Hill, London">Strawberry Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddington" title="Teddington">Teddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twickenham" title="Twickenham">Twickenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitton,_London" title="Whitton, London">Whitton</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="18" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in Greater London"><img alt="Location of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in Greater London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="983" data-file-height="960" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LondonRichmond.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in Greater London"><img alt="Location of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in Greater London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/LondonRichmond.svg/100px-LondonRichmond.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/LondonRichmond.svg/150px-LondonRichmond.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/LondonRichmond.svg/200px-LondonRichmond.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="744" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railway stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Barnes_railway_station" title="Barnes railway station"><img alt="Barnes railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/12px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/18px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/24px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="39" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Barnes_railway_station" title="Barnes railway station">Barnes</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Barnes_Bridge_railway_station" title="Barnes Bridge railway station"><img alt="Barnes Bridge railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/12px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/18px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/24px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="39" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Barnes_Bridge_railway_station" title="Barnes Bridge railway station">Barnes Bridge</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fulwell_railway_station" title="Fulwell railway station"><img alt="Fulwell railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/12px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/18px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/24px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="39" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Fulwell_railway_station" title="Fulwell railway station">Fulwell</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hampton_railway_station_(London)" title="Hampton railway station (London)"><img alt="Hampton railway station (London)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/12px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/18px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/24px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="39" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hampton_railway_station_(London)" title="Hampton railway station (London)">Hampton</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Wick_railway_station" title="Hampton Wick railway station"><img alt="Hampton Wick railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/12px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/18px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/24px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="39" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Wick_railway_station" title="Hampton Wick railway station">Hampton Wick</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens_station_(London)" title="Kew Gardens station (London)"><img alt="Kew Gardens station (London)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/12px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/18px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/24px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="39" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens_station_(London)" title="Kew Gardens station (London)"><img alt="Kew Gardens station (London)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens_station_(London)" title="Kew Gardens station (London)">Kew Gardens</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mortlake_railway_station" title="Mortlake railway station"><img alt="Mortlake railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/12px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/18px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/24px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="39" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mortlake_railway_station" title="Mortlake railway station">Mortlake</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Sheen_railway_station" title="North Sheen railway station"><img alt="North Sheen railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/12px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/18px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/24px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="39" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/North_Sheen_railway_station" title="North Sheen railway station">North Sheen</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Richmond_station_(London)" title="Richmond station (London)"><img alt="Richmond station (London)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/12px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/18px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/24px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="39" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Richmond_station_(London)" title="Richmond station (London)"><img alt="Richmond station (London)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/10px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/15px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Underground_%28no_text%29.svg/20px-Underground_%28no_text%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="406" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Richmond_station_(London)" title="Richmond station (London)">Richmond</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/St_Margarets_railway_station_(London)" title="St Margarets railway station (London)"><img alt="St Margarets railway station (London)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/12px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/18px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/24px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="39" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/St_Margarets_railway_station_(London)" title="St Margarets railway station (London)">St Margarets</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Strawberry_Hill_railway_station" title="Strawberry Hill railway station"><img alt="Strawberry Hill railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/12px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/18px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/24px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="39" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Strawberry_Hill_railway_station" title="Strawberry Hill railway station">Strawberry Hill</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Teddington_railway_station" title="Teddington railway station"><img alt="Teddington railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/12px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/18px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/24px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="39" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Teddington_railway_station" title="Teddington railway station">Teddington</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Twickenham_railway_station" title="Twickenham railway station"><img alt="Twickenham railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/12px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/18px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/24px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="39" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Twickenham_railway_station" title="Twickenham railway station">Twickenham</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Whitton_railway_station" title="Whitton railway station"><img alt="Whitton railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/12px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/18px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/National_Rail_logo.svg/24px-National_Rail_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="62" data-file-height="39" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Whitton_railway_station" title="Whitton railway station">Whitton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets and roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Circular_Road,_London#Clapham–Kew" title="South Circular Road, London">A205 road (South Circular Road)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A307_road" title="A307 road">A307 road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A308_road" title="A308 road">A308 road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A309_road" title="A309 road">A309 road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A316_road" title="A316 road">A316 road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnes_High_Street" title="Barnes High Street">Barnes High Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelnau,_London" title="Castelnau, London">Castelnau, Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Road,_Barnes" title="Church Road, Barnes">Church Road, Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Street,_Richmond" title="George Street, Richmond">George Street, Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Green" title="Kew Green">Kew Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Hill,_Barnes" title="Mill Hill, Barnes">Mill Hill, Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortlake_High_Street" title="Mortlake High Street">Mortlake High Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Palace_Lane" title="Old Palace Lane">Old Palace Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Palace_Lane" title="Old Palace Lane">Old Palace Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Road,_Richmond" title="Queen's Road, Richmond">Queen's Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Ringways#Ringway_2" title="London Ringways">Ringway 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Green" title="Richmond Green">The Green, Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Terrace,_Barnes" title="The Terrace, Barnes">The Terrace, Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vineyard,_Richmond" title="The Vineyard, Richmond">The Vineyard, Richmond</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">River Thames bridges, islands<br />and river services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Bridges_in_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="Template:Bridges in Richmond upon Thames">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Island" title="Ash Island">Ash Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benn%27s_Island" title="Benn's Island">Benn's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporation_Island" title="Corporation Island">Corporation Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_Pie_Island" title="Eel Pie Island">Eel Pie Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glover%27s_Island" title="Glover's Island">Glover's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platt%27s_Eyot" title="Platt's Eyot">Platt's Eyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Island,_London" title="Swan Island, London">Swan Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagg%27s_Island" title="Tagg's Island">Tagg's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trowlock_Island" title="Trowlock Island">Trowlock Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerton%27s_Ferry" title="Hammerton's Ferry">Hammerton's Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Ferry_(River_Thames)" title="Hampton Ferry (River Thames)">Hampton Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Pier" title="Kew Pier">Kew Pier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Lock_and_Footbridge" title="Richmond Lock and Footbridge">Richmond Lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddington_Lifeboat_Station" title="Teddington Lifeboat Station">Teddington Lifeboat Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddington_Lock" title="Teddington Lock">Teddington Lock</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Twickenham_Ferry" title="Twickenham Ferry">Twickenham Ferry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other rivers and streams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beverley_Brook" title="Beverley Brook">Beverley Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Crane,_London" title="River Crane, London">River Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Northumberland%27s_River" title="Duke of Northumberland's River">Duke of Northumberland's River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longford_River" title="Longford River">Longford River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudbrook_(stream)" title="Sudbrook (stream)">Sudbrook and Latchmere stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athletic_Ground,_Richmond" title="Athletic Ground, Richmond">Athletic Ground, Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barn_Elms##Barn_Elms_Playing_Fields" title="Barn Elms">Barn Elms playing fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Championship_Course" title="The Championship Course">The Championship Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cricket_in_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="Template:Cricket in Richmond upon Thames">Cricket clubs and grounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Golf_in_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="Template:Golf in Richmond upon Thames">Golf clubs and courses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Pool" title="Hampton Pool">Hampton Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lensbury" title="The Lensbury">The Lensbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pools_on_the_Park" title="Pools on the Park">Pools on the Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Tennis_Court,_Hampton_Court" title="Royal Tennis Court, Hampton Court">Royal Tennis Court, Hampton Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddington_Pools_and_Fitness_Centre" title="Teddington Pools and Fitness Centre">Teddington Pools and Fitness Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_Young_Mariners" title="Thames Young Mariners">Thames Young Mariners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twickenham_Stadium" title="Twickenham Stadium">Twickenham Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twickenham_Stoop" title="Twickenham Stoop">Twickenham Stoop</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Ranelagh_Club" title="Ranelagh Club">Ranelagh Club</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Ice_Rink" title="Richmond Ice Rink">Richmond Ice Rink</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_annual_sports_events_in_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="List of annual sports events in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">Annual sports events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Garden_Festival" title="Hampton Court Garden Festival">Hampton Court Garden Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace_Festival" title="Hampton Court Palace Festival">Hampton Court Palace Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breweries and pubs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britannia,_Richmond" title="Britannia, Richmond">Britannia, Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bull%27s_Head,_Barnes" title="The Bull's Head, Barnes">The Bull's Head, Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crown,_Twickenham" title="The Crown, Twickenham">The Crown, Twickenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysart_Arms" title="Dysart Arms">Dysart Arms, Petersham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fox,_Twickenham" title="The Fox, Twickenham">The Fox, Twickenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_George,_Twickenham" title="The George, Twickenham">The George, Twickenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare_and_Hounds,_East_Sheen" title="Hare and Hounds, East Sheen">Hare and Hounds, East Sheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jolly_Coopers,_Hampton" title="Jolly Coopers, Hampton">Jolly Coopers, Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Ship,_Richmond" title="Old Ship, Richmond">Old Ship, Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Hotel,_Teddington" title="Park Hotel, Teddington">Park Hotel, Teddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Brewery_Stores" title="Richmond Brewery Stores">Richmond Brewery Stores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Inn,_Barnes" title="Sun Inn, Barnes">Sun Inn, Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twickenham_Fine_Ales" title="Twickenham Fine Ales">Twickenham Fine Ales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watney_Combe_%26_Reid" title="Watney Combe & Reid">Watney Combe & Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Cross,_Richmond" title="White Cross, Richmond">White Cross, Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_White_Swan,_Twickenham" title="The White Swan, Twickenham">The White Swan, Twickenham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theatres, cinemas <br />and music venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bull%27s_Head,_Barnes" title="The Bull's Head, Barnes">The Bull's Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawdaddy_Club" title="Crawdaddy Club">Crawdaddy Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Exchange,_Twickenham" title="The Exchange, Twickenham">The Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Studios" title="Olympic Studios">Olympic Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Tree_Theatre" title="Orange Tree Theatre">Orange Tree Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_Arts_Centre" title="OSO Arts Centre">OSO Arts Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppet_Theatre_Barge" title="Puppet Theatre Barge">Puppet Theatre Barge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Theatre_(London)" title="Richmond Theatre (London)">Richmond Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TwickFolk" title="TwickFolk">TwickFolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wathen_Hall" title="Wathen Hall">Wathen Hall</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Eel_Pie_Island#Eel_Pie_Island_Hotel" title="Eel Pie Island">Eel Pie Island Hotel</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Theatre_(Surrey)" title="Richmond Theatre (Surrey)">Richmond Theatre (1765–1884)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film and recording studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Astoria_(recording_studio)" title="Astoria (recording studio)">Astoria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Boathouse,_Twickenham" title="The Boathouse, Twickenham">The Boathouse, Twickenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_Pie_Studios" title="Eel Pie Studios">Eel Pie Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Studios" title="Olympic Studios">Olympic Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twickenham_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Twickenham Studios">Twickenham Studios</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Teddington_Studios" title="Teddington Studios">Teddington Studios</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media and publishing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Richmond_and_Twickenham_Times" title="Richmond and Twickenham Times">Richmond and Twickenham Times</a></i></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Gaydar_Radio" title="Gaydar Radio">Gaydar Radio</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Hogarth_Press" title="Hogarth Press">Hogarth Press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="List of public art in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Fountain,_Bushy_Park" title="Diana Fountain, Bushy Park">Diana Fountain, Bushy Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Beasts,_Hampton_Court_Palace" title="King's Beasts, Hampton Court Palace">King's Beasts, Hampton Court Palace</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Naked_Ladies" title="The Naked Ladies">The Naked Ladies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pope%27s_Urn" title="Pope's Urn">Pope's Urn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Beasts" title="The Queen's Beasts">The Queen's Beasts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical royal palaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace" title="Hampton Court Palace">Hampton Court Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_astronomical_clock" title="Hampton Court astronomical clock">Hampton Court astronomical clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Maze" title="Hampton Court Maze">Hampton Court Maze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Palace" title="Kew Palace">Kew Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Palace" title="Richmond Palace">Richmond Palace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other places<br />of interest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/123_Mortlake_High_Street" title="123 Mortlake High Street">123 Mortlake High Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_The_Terrace,_Barnes" title="14 The Terrace, Barnes">14 The Terrace, Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_Station_Road,_Barnes" title="18 Station Road, Barnes">18 Station Road, Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70_Barnes_High_Street" title="70 Barnes High Street">70 Barnes High Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asgill_House" title="Asgill House">Asgill House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnes_power_station" title="Barnes power station">Barnes power station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brinsworth_House" title="Brinsworth House">Brinsworth House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushy_House" title="Bushy House">Bushy House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Cottage" title="Cambridge Cottage">Cambridge Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_House,_Twickenham" title="Chapel House, Twickenham">Chapel House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_in_the_Wood,_Strawberry_Hill" title="Chapel in the Wood, Strawberry Hill">Chapel in the Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_House,_Richmond" title="Clarence House, Richmond">Clarence House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doughty_House" title="Doughty House">Doughty House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_House,_Petersham" title="Douglas House, Petersham">Douglas House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downe_House,_Richmond_Hill" title="Downe House, Richmond Hill">Downe House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Sheen_Filling_Station" title="East Sheen Filling Station">East Sheen Filling Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulwell_bus_garage" title="Fulwell bus garage">Fulwell bus garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrick%27s_Temple_to_Shakespeare" title="Garrick's Temple to Shakespeare">Garrick's Temple to Shakespeare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrick%27s_Villa" title="Garrick's Villa">Garrick's Villa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Pagoda,_Kew_Gardens" title="Great Pagoda, Kew Gardens">Great Pagoda, Kew Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grove_Gardens_Chapel" title="Grove Gardens Chapel">Grove Gardens Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grove_House,_Hampton" title="Grove House, Hampton">Grove House, Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halford_House" title="Halford House">Halford House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham_House" title="Ham House">Ham House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Water_Treatment_Works" title="Hampton Water Treatment Works">Hampton Water Treatment Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Youth_Project" title="Hampton Youth Project">Hampton Youth Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrods_Furniture_Depository" title="Harrods Furniture Depository">Harrods Furniture Depository</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogarth_Press" title="Hogarth Press">Hogarth House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Homestead,_Barnes" title="The Homestead, Barnes">The Homestead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotham_House" title="Hotham House">Hotham House</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kew Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Mortuary" title="Kew Mortuary">Kew Mortuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Observatory" title="King's Observatory">King's Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneller_Hall" title="Kneller Hall">Kneller Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langham_House,_Ham" title="Langham House, Ham">Langham House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langham_House_Close" title="Langham House Close">Langham House Close</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latchmere_House" title="Latchmere House">Latchmere House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield_Court" title="Lichfield Court">Lichfield Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Hill_House" title="Marble Hill House">Marble Hill House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montrose_House" title="Montrose House">Montrose House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Physical_Laboratory_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)">National Physical Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normansfield_Theatre" title="Normansfield Theatre">Normansfield Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Court_House" title="The Old Court House">The Old Court House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Hall,_Richmond" title="Old Town Hall, Richmond">Old Town Hall, Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormeley_Lodge" title="Ormeley Lodge">Ormeley Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Span_Developments#Parkleys" title="Span Developments">Parkleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Lane_Stables_Teddington" title="Park Lane Stables Teddington">Park Lane Stables Teddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pavilion,_Hampton_Court" title="The Pavilion, Hampton Court">The Pavilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembroke_Lodge,_Richmond_Park" title="Pembroke Lodge, Richmond Park">Pembroke Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope%27s_villa" title="Pope's villa">Pope's Grotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_Factory" title="Poppy Factory">Poppy Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_School_of_Music" title="Royal Military School of Music">Royal Military School of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Star_and_Garter_Home,_Richmond" title="Royal Star and Garter Home, Richmond">Royal Star and Garter Home, Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Leonard%27s_Court" title="St Leonard's Court">St Leonard's Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry_Hill_House" title="Strawberry Hill House">Strawberry Hill House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stud_House" title="Stud House">Stud House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudbrook_Park,_Petersham" title="Sudbrook Park, Petersham">Sudbrook House and Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatched_House_Lodge" title="Thatched House Lodge">Thatched House Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpeters%27_House" title="Trumpeters' House">Trumpeters' House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Boat_Race_Stones" title="University Boat Race Stones">University Boat Race Stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Working_Men%27s_Club" title="Victoria Working Men's Club">Victoria Working Men's Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Hall,_Kew" title="West Hall, Kew">West Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lodge,_Richmond_Park" title="White Lodge, Richmond Park">White Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wick" title="The Wick">The Wick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wick_House,_Richmond_Hill" title="Wick House, Richmond Hill">Wick House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelverton_Lodge" title="Yelverton Lodge">Yelverton Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_House,_Twickenham" title="York House, Twickenham">York House</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Research_Laboratory" title="Admiralty Research Laboratory">Admiralty Research Laboratory</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Alcott_House" title="Alcott House">Alcott House</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Camp_Griffiss" title="Camp Griffiss">Camp Griffiss</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Cardigan_House" title="Cardigan House">Cardigan House</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Cross_Deep_House" title="Cross Deep House">Cross Deep House</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/The_Karsino" class="mw-redirect" title="The Karsino">The Karsino</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Mortlake_Tapestry_Works" title="Mortlake Tapestry Works">Mortlake Tapestry Works</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ararat,_Richmond" title="Mount Ararat, Richmond">Mount Ararat</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Pope%27s_villa" title="Pope's villa">Pope's villa</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Radnor_House" title="Radnor House">Radnor House</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Richmond_House,_Twickenham" title="Richmond House, Twickenham">Richmond House</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Lodge" title="Richmond Lodge">Richmond Lodge</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Theological_College" title="Richmond Theological College">Richmond Theological College</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Sheen_Priory" title="Sheen Priory">Sheen Priory</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Star_and_Garter_Hotel,_Richmond" title="Star and Garter Hotel, Richmond">Star and Garter Hotel</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Twickenham_Park" title="Twickenham Park">Twickenham Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tragedy and disaster</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Williams_(baby_farmer)" title="Ada Williams (baby farmer)">Barnes child murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnes_rail_crash" title="Barnes rail crash">Barnes rail crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham_bank_murder" title="Ham bank murder">Ham bank murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Am%C3%A9lie_Delagrange" class="mw-redirect" title="Murder of Amélie Delagrange">Murder of Amélie Delagrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Julia_Martha_Thomas" title="Murder of Julia Martha Thomas">Murder of Julia Martha Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_child_murder" title="Richmond child murder">Richmond child murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towpath_murders" title="Towpath murders">Towpath murders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other history topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adana_Printing_Machines" title="Adana Printing Machines">Adana Printing Machines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashe_baronets" title="Ashe baronets">Ashe baronets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_baronets" title="Cook baronets">Cook baronets of Doughty House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darell_baronets" title="Darell baronets">Darell baronets, of Richmond Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GHQ_Liaison_Regiment" title="GHQ Liaison Regiment">GHQ Liaison Regiment (Phantom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Conference" title="Hampton Court Conference">Hampton Court Conference (1604)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Letters" title="Kew Letters">Kew Letters (1795)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petersham_Hole" title="Petersham Hole">Petersham Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocock_baronets" title="Pocock baronets">Pocock baronets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Flyers" title="Richmond Flyers">Richmond Flyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Petersham_and_Ham_Open_Spaces_Act_1902" title="Richmond, Petersham and Ham Open Spaces Act 1902">Richmond, Petersham and Ham Open Spaces Act 1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hampton_Court_(1562)" title="Treaty of Hampton Court (1562)">Treaty of Hampton Court (1562)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandeput_baronets" title="Vandeput baronets">Vandeput baronets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren-Lambert" title="Warren-Lambert">Warren-Lambert Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigan_baronets" title="Wigan baronets">Wigan baronets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parliamentary constituencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Park_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Richmond Park (UK Parliament constituency)">Richmond Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twickenham_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Twickenham (UK Parliament constituency)">Twickenham</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Richmond_and_Barnes_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Richmond and Barnes (UK Parliament constituency)">Richmond and Barnes</a></li> <li><i>former</i> <a href="/wiki/Richmond_(Surrey)_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Richmond (Surrey) (UK Parliament constituency)">Richmond (Surrey)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_almshouses_in_the_United_Kingdom#Richmond_upon_Thames" title="List of almshouses in the United Kingdom">Almshouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archives,_museums_and_art_galleries_in_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="Archives, museums and art galleries in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">Archives, museums and art galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cemeteries,_crematoria_and_memorials_in_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="List of cemeteries, crematoria and memorials in Richmond upon Thames">Cemeteries, crematoria and memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_London#Richmond_upon_Thames" title="List of churches in London">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Synagogue" title="Richmond Synagogue">Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="Grade I listed buildings in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="Grade II* listed buildings in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="List of hospitals in Richmond upon Thames">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_upon_Thames_London_Borough_Council" title="Richmond upon Thames London Borough Council">Local government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_upon_Thames_London_Borough_Council_elections" title="Richmond upon Thames London Borough Council elections">Local council elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="List of people from the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="List of schools in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">Schools, colleges and universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_clubs_in_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="List of sports clubs in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">Sports clubs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Parks,_open_spaces_and_nature_reserves_in_the_London_Borough_of_Richmond_upon_Thames" title="Parks, open spaces and nature reserves in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames">Parks, open spaces and nature reserves in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom">World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a> <ul><li><small>as part of <a href="/wiki/Great_Spa_Towns_of_Europe" title="Great Spa Towns of Europe">Great Spa Towns of Europe</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blenheim_Palace" title="Blenheim Palace">Blenheim Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Augustine%27s_Abbey" title="St Augustine's Abbey">St Augustine's Abbey</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Church,_Canterbury" title="St Martin's Church, Canterbury">St Martin's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_and_West_Devon_Mining_Landscape" title="Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape">Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derwent_Valley_Mills" title="Derwent Valley Mills">Derwent Valley Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_Castle" title="Durham Castle">Durham Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Durham_Cathedral" title="Durham Cathedral">Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">Frontiers of the Roman Empire</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironbridge_Gorge" title="Ironbridge Gorge">Ironbridge Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodrell_Bank_Observatory" title="Jodrell Bank Observatory">Jodrell Bank Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Coast" title="Jurassic Coast">Jurassic Coast</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kew Royal Botanic Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District">Lake District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Maritime Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> including <a href="/wiki/St_Margaret%27s,_Westminster" title="St Margaret's, Westminster">St Margaret's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltaire" title="Saltaire">Saltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehenge,_Avebury_and_Associated_Sites" title="Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites">Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studley_Royal_Park" title="Studley Royal Park">Studley Royal Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fountains_Abbey" title="Fountains Abbey">Fountains Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Stonehenge-Green.jpg/100px-Stonehenge-Green.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Stonehenge-Green.jpg/150px-Stonehenge-Green.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Stonehenge-Green.jpg/200px-Stonehenge-Green.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="355" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Scotland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_Edinburgh" title="Old Town, Edinburgh">Edinburgh Old Town</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Town,_Edinburgh" title="New Town, Edinburgh">New Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forth_Bridge" title="Forth Bridge">Forth Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">Frontiers of the Roman Empire</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Antonine_Wall" title="Antonine Wall">Antonine Wall</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Neolithic_Orkney" title="Heart of Neolithic Orkney">Heart of Neolithic Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Lanark" title="New Lanark">New Lanark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Scotland" title="St Kilda, Scotland">St Kilda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Wales" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaenavon_Industrial_Landscape" title="Blaenavon Industrial Landscape">Blaenavon Industrial Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castles_and_Town_Walls_of_King_Edward_in_Gwynedd" title="Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd">Castles and Town Walls of King Edward I in Gwynedd</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Beaumaris_Castle" title="Beaumaris Castle">Beaumaris Castle</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Caernarfon_Castle" title="Caernarfon Castle">Caernarfon Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caernarfon_town_walls" title="Caernarfon town walls">Town Walls</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Conwy_Castle" title="Conwy Castle">Conwy Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conwy_town_walls" title="Conwy town walls">Town Walls</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Harlech_Castle" title="Harlech Castle">Harlech Castle</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontcysyllte_Aqueduct" title="Pontcysyllte Aqueduct">Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slate_industry_in_Wales" title="Slate industry in Wales">The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Ireland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant%27s_Causeway" title="Giant's Causeway">Giant's Causeway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British Overseas Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorham%27s_Cave" title="Gorham's Cave">Gorham's Cave Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gough_Island" title="Gough Island">Gough Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inaccessible_Island" title="Inaccessible Island">Inaccessible Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson_Island_(Pitcairn_Islands)" title="Henderson Island (Pitcairn Islands)">Henderson Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s,_Bermuda" title="St. George's, Bermuda">Town of St George and Related Fortifications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Former_UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites" title="Former UNESCO World Heritage Sites">Former</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Maritime_Mercantile_City" title="Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City">Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="London_landmarks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:London_landmarks" title="Template:London landmarks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:London_landmarks" title="Template talk:London landmarks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:London_landmarks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:London landmarks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="London_landmarks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> landmarks</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_London" title="Category:Buildings and structures in London">Buildings and<br />structures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Bridges_in_London" title="Category:Bridges in London">Bridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bridge,_London" title="Albert Bridge, London">Albert Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_Bridge" title="Battersea Bridge">Battersea Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_Bridge" title="Blackfriars Bridge">Blackfriars Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Bridge" title="Chelsea Bridge">Chelsea Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Bridge" title="Hammersmith Bridge">Hammersmith Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungerford_Bridge_and_Golden_Jubilee_Bridges" title="Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges">Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Bridge" title="Lambeth Bridge">Lambeth Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Bridge" title="London Bridge">London Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Bridge,_London" title="Millennium Bridge, London">Millennium Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putney_Bridge" title="Putney Bridge">Putney Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Bridge,_London" title="Richmond Bridge, London">Richmond Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwark_Bridge" title="Southwark Bridge">Southwark Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Bridge" title="Tower Bridge">Tower Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Bridge" title="Vauxhall Bridge">Vauxhall Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Bridge" title="Waterloo Bridge">Waterloo Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Bridge" title="Westminster Bridge">Westminster Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Entertainment_venues_in_London" title="Category:Entertainment venues in London">Entertainment<br />venues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Cinemas_in_London" title="Category:Cinemas in London">Cinemas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BFI_IMAX" title="BFI IMAX">BFI IMAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire,_Leicester_Square" title="Empire, Leicester Square">Empire, Leicester Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odeon_Luxe_Leicester_Square" title="Odeon Luxe Leicester Square">Odeon Luxe Leicester Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Football stadia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wembley_Stadium" title="Wembley Stadium">Wembley Stadium</a> (national stadium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brentford_Community_Stadium" title="Brentford Community Stadium">Brentford Community Stadium</a> (Brentford)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisbane_Road" title="Brisbane Road">Brisbane Road</a> (Leyton Orient)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craven_Cottage" title="Craven Cottage">Craven Cottage</a> (Fulham)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Den" title="The Den">The Den</a> (Millwall)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Stadium" title="Emirates Stadium">Emirates Stadium</a> (Arsenal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loftus_Road" title="Loftus Road">Loftus Road</a> (Queens Park Rangers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Stadium" title="London Stadium">London Stadium</a> (West Ham United)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plough_Lane" title="Plough Lane">Plough Lane</a> (AFC Wimbledon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selhurst_Park" title="Selhurst Park">Selhurst Park</a> (Crystal Palace)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamford_Bridge_(stadium)" title="Stamford Bridge (stadium)">Stamford Bridge</a> (Chelsea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Valley_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Valley (London)">The Valley</a> (Charlton Athletic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur_Stadium" title="Tottenham Hotspur Stadium">Tottenham Hotspur Stadium</a> (Tottenham Hotspur)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sports_venues_in_London" title="Category:Sports venues in London">Other major<br />sports venues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_England_Lawn_Tennis_and_Croquet_Club" title="All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club">All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Championship_Course" title="The Championship Course">The Championship Course</a> (rowing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_National_Sports_Centre" title="Crystal Palace National Sports Centre">Crystal Palace National Sports Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s" title="Lord's">Lord's</a> (cricket)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Olympic_Park" title="Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park">Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oval" title="The Oval">The Oval</a> (cricket)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twickenham_Stadium" title="Twickenham Stadium">Twickenham Stadium</a> (rugby)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Theatres_in_London" title="Template:Theatres in London">Theatres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelphi_Theatre" title="Adelphi Theatre">Adelphi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Victoria_Theatre" title="Apollo Victoria Theatre">Apollo Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Coliseum" title="London Coliseum">Coliseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criterion_Theatre" title="Criterion Theatre">Criterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_Theatre" title="Dominion Theatre">Dominion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_Theatre,_London" title="Lyceum Theatre, London">Lyceum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Vic" title="The Old Vic">Old Vic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Palladium" title="London Palladium">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">Royal National Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Opera House">Royal Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Globe" title="Shakespeare's Globe">Shakespeare's Globe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Royal,_Drury_Lane" title="Theatre Royal, Drury Lane">Theatre Royal, Drury Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Royal_Haymarket" title="Theatre Royal Haymarket">Theatre Royal Haymarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaudeville_Theatre" title="Vaudeville Theatre">Vaudeville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Palace" title="Alexandra Palace">Alexandra Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brixton_Academy" title="Brixton Academy">Brixton Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExCeL_London" title="ExCeL London">ExCeL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Apollo" title="Hammersmith Apollo">Hammersmith Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_O2_Arena" title="The O2 Arena">The O2 Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Festival_Hall" title="Royal Festival Hall">Royal Festival Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wembley_Arena" title="Wembley Arena">Wembley Arena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_Downing_Street" title="10 Downing Street">10 Downing Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Arch" title="Admiralty Arch">Admiralty Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_London_(Southwark)" title="City Hall, London (Southwark)">City Hall (Southwark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_London_(Newham)" title="City Hall, London (Newham)">City Hall (Newham)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_London" title="County Hall, London">County Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildhall,_London" title="Guildhall, London">Guildhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_Guards_(building)" title="Horse Guards (building)">Horse Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansion_House,_London" title="Mansion House, London">Mansion House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)" title="The National Archives (United Kingdom)">The National Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bailey" title="Old Bailey">Old Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Courts_of_Justice" title="Royal Courts of Justice">Royal Courts of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_Yard" title="Scotland Yard">Scotland Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIS_Building" title="SIS Building">SIS Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_House" title="Thames House">Thames House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_in_London" title="Category:Museums in London">Museums</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Art_museums_and_galleries_in_London" title="Category:Art museums and galleries in London">galleries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_War_Rooms" title="Churchill War Rooms">Churchill War Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtauld_Gallery" title="Courtauld Gallery">Courtauld Gallery</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cutty_Sark" title="Cutty Sark">Cutty Sark</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Hinde_(1973)" title="Golden Hinde (1973)"><i>Golden Hinde</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildhall_Art_Gallery" title="Guildhall Art Gallery">Guildhall Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Belfast" title="HMS Belfast">HMS <i>Belfast</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Tussauds" title="Madame Tussauds">Madame Tussauds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_London" title="Museum of London">Museum of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Maritime_Museum" title="National Maritime Museum">National Maritime Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_London" title="Natural History Museum, London">Natural History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Arts" title="Royal Academy of Arts">Royal Academy of Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Observatory,_Greenwich" title="Royal Observatory, Greenwich">Royal Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Britain" title="Tate Britain">Tate Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Collection" title="Wallace Collection">Wallace Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_V%26A" title="Young V&A">Young V&A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_buildings_and_structures_in_London" title="Category:Religious buildings and structures in London">Places of worship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Hallows-by-the-Tower" title="All Hallows-by-the-Tower">All Hallows-by-the-Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAPS_Shri_Swaminarayan_Mandir_London" title="BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir London">BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevis_Marks_Synagogue" title="Bevis Marks Synagogue">Bevis Marks Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Central_Hall,_Westminster" title="Methodist Central Hall, Westminster">Methodist Central Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Central_Mosque" title="London Central Mosque">Regent's Park Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Clement_Danes" title="St Clement Danes">St Clement Danes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Margaret%27s,_Westminster" title="St Margaret's, Westminster">St Margaret's, Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Martin-in-the-Fields" title="St Martin-in-the-Fields">St Martin-in-the-Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary-le-Bow" title="St Mary-le-Bow">St Mary-le-Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwark_Cathedral" title="Southwark Cathedral">Southwark Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Cathedral" title="Westminster Cathedral">Westminster Cathedral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Retailing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Shops_in_London" title="Category:Shops in London">Shops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortnum_%26_Mason" title="Fortnum & Mason">Fortnum & Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamleys" title="Hamleys">Hamleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrods" title="Harrods">Harrods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Nichols" title="Harvey Nichols">Harvey Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatchards" title="Hatchards">Hatchards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_(department_store)" title="Liberty (department store)">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jones_(department_store)" title="Peter Jones (department store)">Peter Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfridges,_Oxford_Street" title="Selfridges, Oxford Street">Selfridges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Shopping_centres_in_London" title="Category:Shopping centres in London">Shopping centres</a><br />and markets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_Market" title="Borough Market">Borough Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Cross_Shopping_Centre" title="Brent Cross Shopping Centre">Brent Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington_Arcade" title="Burlington Arcade">Burlington Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden_Market" title="Camden Market">Camden Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Arcade" title="Kensington Arcade">Kensington Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadenhall_Market" title="Leadenhall Market">Leadenhall Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_New_Change" title="One New Change">One New Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petticoat_Lane_Market" title="Petticoat Lane Market">Petticoat Lane Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Exchange,_London" title="Royal Exchange, London">Royal Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_London" title="Westfield London">Westfield London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Stratford_City" title="Westfield Stratford City">Westfield Stratford City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Royal_buildings_in_London" title="Category:Royal buildings in London">Royal buildings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Partly occupied by<br />the royal family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_House" title="Clarence House">Clarence House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Palace" title="Kensington Palace">Kensington Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Palace" title="St James's Palace">St James's Palace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Unoccupied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banqueting_House,_Whitehall" class="mw-redirect" title="Banqueting House, Whitehall">Banqueting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace" title="Hampton Court Palace">Hampton Court Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Palace" title="Kew Palace">Kew Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Gallery">The Queen's Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Mews" title="Royal Mews">Royal Mews, Buckingham Palace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Skyscrapers_in_London" title="Category:Skyscrapers in London">Skyscrapers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Canada_Square" title="One Canada Square">One Canada Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Churchill_Place" title="One Churchill Place">One Churchill Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_Canada_Square" title="8 Canada Square">8 Canada Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_Fenchurch_Street" title="20 Fenchurch Street">20 Fenchurch Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/122_Leadenhall_Street" title="122 Leadenhall Street">122 Leadenhall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadgate_Tower" title="Broadgate Tower">Broadgate Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citigroup_Centre_(London)" title="Citigroup Centre (London)">Citigroup Centre (London)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gherkin" title="The Gherkin">The Gherkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heron_Tower" title="Heron Tower">Heron Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shard" title="The Shard">The Shard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George_Wharf_Tower" title="St George Wharf Tower">St George Wharf Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_42" title="Tower 42">Tower 42</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Memorial" title="Albert Memorial">Albert Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArcelorMittal_Orbit" title="ArcelorMittal Orbit">ArcelorMittal Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Ben" title="Big Ben">Big Ben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cenotaph" title="The Cenotaph">The Cenotaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra%27s_Needle,_London" title="Cleopatra's Needle, London">Cleopatra's Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_transmitting_station" title="Crystal Palace transmitting station">Crystal Palace transmitting station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Eye" title="London Eye">London Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Wall" title="London Wall">London Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Arch" title="Marble Arch">Marble Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Great_Fire_of_London" title="Monument to the Great Fire of London">Monument to the Great Fire of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson%27s_Column" title="Nelson's Column">Nelson's Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury_Memorial_Fountain" title="Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain">Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain ("Eros")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_Barrier" title="Thames Barrier">Thames Barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Arch" title="Wellington Arch">Wellington Arch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_City_Airport" title="London City Airport">City Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathrow_Airport" title="Heathrow Airport">Heathrow Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_station" title="Blackfriars station">Blackfriars station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_Street_station" title="Cannon Street station">Cannon Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_railway_station" title="Charing Cross railway station">Charing Cross station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clapham_Junction_railway_station" title="Clapham Junction railway station">Clapham Junction station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euston_railway_station" title="Euston railway station">Euston station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenchurch_Street_railway_station" title="Fenchurch Street railway station">Fenchurch Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_King%27s_Cross_railway_station" title="London King's Cross railway station">King's Cross station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Street_station" title="Liverpool Street station">Liverpool Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Bridge_station" title="London Bridge station">London Bridge station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Paddington_station" title="London Paddington station">Paddington station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Pancras_railway_station" title="St Pancras railway station">St Pancras station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford_station" title="Stratford station">Stratford station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Victoria_station" title="London Victoria station">Victoria station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Waterloo_station" title="London Waterloo station">Waterloo station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Cable_Car" class="mw-redirect" title="London Cable Car">London Cable Car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Coach_Station" title="Victoria Coach Station">Victoria Coach Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbican_Estate" title="Barbican Estate">Barbican Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_Power_Station" title="Battersea Power Station">Battersea Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Tower" title="BT Tower">BT Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Kew Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Palace" title="Lambeth Palace">Lambeth Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_building" title="Lloyd's building">Lloyd's building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Zoo" title="London Zoo">London Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxo_Tower" title="Oxo Tower">Oxo Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithfield_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithfield Market">Smithfield Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_House" title="Somerset House">Somerset House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Bartholomew%27s_Hospital" title="St Bartholomew's Hospital">St Bartholomew's Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_London" title="Parks and open spaces in London">Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Parks_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Parks of London">Royal Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushy_Park" title="Bushy Park">Bushy Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Park" title="Green Park">Green Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Park" title="Greenwich Park">Greenwich Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Park" title="Hampton Court Park">Hampton Court Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_London" title="Hyde Park, London">Hyde Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_Gardens" title="Kensington Gardens">Kensington Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_Park" title="Regent's Park">Regent's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Park" title="Richmond Park">Richmond Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Park" title="St James's Park">St James's Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_Park" title="Battersea Park">Battersea Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgess_Park" title="Burgess Park">Burgess Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clapham_Common" title="Clapham Common">Clapham Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Green,_London" title="College Green, London">College Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epping_Forest" title="Epping Forest">Epping Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finsbury_Park" title="Finsbury Park">Finsbury Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnersbury_Park" title="Gunnersbury Park">Gunnersbury Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampstead_Heath" title="Hampstead Heath">Hampstead Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_Park" title="Holland Park">Holland Park</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kew Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitcham_Common" title="Mitcham Common">Mitcham Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osterley_Park" title="Osterley Park">Osterley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Park" title="Trent Park">Trent Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Park,_London" title="Victoria Park, London">Victoria Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandsworth_Common" title="Wandsworth Common">Wandsworth Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimbledon_Common" title="Wimbledon Common">Wimbledon Common</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Squares_in_London" title="Squares in London">Squares</a> and<br />public spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Covent_Garden" title="Covent Garden">Covent Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_Guards_Parade" title="Horse Guards Parade">Horse Guards Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester_Square" title="Leicester Square">Leicester Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_Square" title="Parliament Square">Parliament Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccadilly_Circus" title="Piccadilly Circus">Piccadilly Circus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloane_Square" title="Sloane Square">Sloane Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Square" title="Trafalgar Square">Trafalgar Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Streets_in_London" title="Category:Streets in London">Streets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldwych" title="Aldwych">Aldwych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Street" title="Baker Street">Baker Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopsgate" title="Bishopsgate">Bishopsgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_Street" title="Bond Street">Bond Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnaby_Street" title="Carnaby Street">Carnaby Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_Road" title="Charing Cross Road">Charing Cross Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheapside" title="Cheapside">Cheapside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornhill,_London" title="Cornhill, London">Cornhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_Street" title="Denmark Street">Denmark Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenchurch_Street" title="Fenchurch Street">Fenchurch Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Street" title="Fleet Street">Fleet Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket,_London" title="Haymarket, London">Haymarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jermyn_Street" title="Jermyn Street">Jermyn Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_High_Street" title="Kensington High Street">Kensington High Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Road" title="King's Road">King's Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_Street,_London" title="Lombard Street, London">Lombard Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mall,_London" title="The Mall, London">The Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrtle_Avenue,_Hounslow" title="Myrtle Avenue, Hounslow">Myrtle Avenue, Hounslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Street" title="Oxford Street">Oxford Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Lane" title="Park Lane">Park Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccadilly" title="Piccadilly">Piccadilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portobello_Road" title="Portobello Road">Portobello Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_Street" title="Regent Street">Regent Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury_Avenue" title="Shaftesbury Avenue">Shaftesbury Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloane_Street" title="Sloane Street">Sloane Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strand,_London" title="Strand, London">Strand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tottenham_Court_Road" title="Tottenham Court Road">Tottenham Court Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Embankment" title="Victoria Embankment">Victoria Embankment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188617#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188617#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188617#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000099421083">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/134321671">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79128005">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865470d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865470d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20040114008&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Royal Gardens, Kew"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2004209359&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007267367505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511117706706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/10000491">Structurae</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgci.org/garden.php?id=114">BGCI garden</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01265703?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026400081">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/17569">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&oldid=1258554649">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kew_Gardens&oldid=1258554649</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1759_establishments_in_England" title="Category:1759 establishments in England">1759 establishments in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_completed_in_1759" title="Category:Buildings and 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