CINXE.COM
ابن خلدون - وکیپیڈیا
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="skr" dir="rtl"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>ابن خلدون - وکیپیڈیا</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )skrwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["0\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\t8\t9\t%" ,"٠\t١\t٢\t٣\t٤\t٥\t٦\t٧\t٨\t٩\t٪"],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","جنوری","فروری","مارچ","اپريل","مئی","جون","جولائی","اگست","ستمبر","اکتوبر","نومبر","دسمبر"],"wgRequestId":"86426194-8514-423c-aa43-43010e6f9752","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"ابن_خلدون","wgTitle":"ابن خلدون","wgCurRevisionId":1188,"wgRevisionId":1188,"wgArticleId":301,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageViewLanguage":"skr","wgPageContentLanguage":"skr","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"ابن_خلدون","wgRelevantArticleId":301,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"skr","pageLanguageDir":"rtl","pageVariantFallbacks":"skr"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":5000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q9294","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready", "user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=skr&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=skr&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=skr&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/TCCKhaldun.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1803"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/TCCKhaldun.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1202"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="962"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="ابن خلدون - وکیپیڈیا"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//skr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="لکھو" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="وکیپیڈیا (skr)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//skr.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.skr"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="وکیپیڈیا اٹوم فیڈ" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki rtl sitedir-rtl mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-ابن_خلدون rootpage-ابن_خلدون skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="سائٹ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="اصل مینیو" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">اصل مینیو</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">اصل مینیو</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">لُکاؤ</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> نیوی ڳیشݨ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%81%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="پہلے ورقے تے ون٘ڄو [z]" accesskey="z"><span>پہلا پرت</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81" title="ایں منصوبے بارے، تساں کیا کر سڳدو، ، چیزاں کتھوں ڳولوں"><span>برادری دا دیرہ</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="موجودہ حالات وچ پچھلیاں معلومات ݙیکھو"><span>حالیہ واقعات</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:RecentChanges" title="وکی تے نویاں تبدیلیاں۔ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>نویاں تبدیلیاں</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:Random" title="کوئی ورقہ کھولو۔ [x]" accesskey="x"><span>رلے ملے ورقے</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="لبھݨ دی جاہ"><span>مدد</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%81%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="وکیپیڈیا" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-skr.svg" style="width: 4.9375em; height: 2em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-skr.svg" width="80" height="16" style="width: 5em; height: 1em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ڳولو وکیپیڈیا [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ڳولو</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="وکیپیڈیا وچ ڳولو" aria-label="وکیپیڈیا وچ ڳولو" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ڳولو وکیپیڈیا [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="خاص:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ڳـولو</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ذاتی اوزار"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="شکل و صورت"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="شکل و صورت" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">شکل و صورت</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=skr.wikipedia.org&uselang=skr" class=""><span>عطیہ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ایہ تہاݙے کیتے چنگا ہے جو کھاتہ کھولو تے لاگ ان تھیوو، پر ایہ لازمی کائنی۔" class=""><span>کھاتہ کھولو</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="لاگ ان تھیوو تاں چنگا ہے، ضروری کائنی۔ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>لاگ ان تھیوو</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ٻئے اختیار" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ذاتی اوزار" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ذاتی اوزار</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=skr.wikipedia.org&uselang=skr"><span>عطیہ</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>حصہ پاؤ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ایہ تہاݙے کیتے چنگا ہے جو کھاتہ کھولو تے لاگ ان تھیوو، پر ایہ لازمی کائنی۔"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>کھاتہ کھولو</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="لاگ ان تھیوو تاں چنگا ہے، ضروری کائنی۔ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>لاگ ان تھیوو</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>ٻیا سِکھو</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:MyTalk" title="ایں آئی پی پتہ کنوں تبدیلیاں بارے بحث [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ڳالھ مہاڑ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="سائٹ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="شامل حصے" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">شامل حصے</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">لُکاؤ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ٻوہݨی</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-مقدمہ_تے_تاریخ_ابن_خلدون_دا_اردو_ترجمہ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#مقدمہ_تے_تاریخ_ابن_خلدون_دا_اردو_ترجمہ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">١</span> <span>مقدمہ تے تاریخ ابن خلدون دا اردو ترجمہ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-مقدمہ_تے_تاریخ_ابن_خلدون_دا_اردو_ترجمہ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ذاتی_حالات" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ذاتی_حالات"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">٢</span> <span>ذاتی حالات</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ذاتی_حالات-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-حوالے" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#حوالے"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">٣</span> <span>حوالے</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-حوالے-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="شامل حصے" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ابن خلدون</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ١٣٢ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-132" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">١٣٢ زباناں</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Chaldun" title="Ibn Chaldun – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ibn Chaldun" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%95_%E1%8A%BB%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%B1%E1%8A%95" title="እብን ኻልዱን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እብን ኻልዱን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن خلدون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ابن خلدون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="بن خلدون – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بن خلدون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن خلدون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابن خلدون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Jald%C3%BAn" title="Ibn Jaldún – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ibn Jaldún" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0bn_X%C9%99ldun" title="İbn Xəldun – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İbn Xəldun" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن خلدون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ابن خلدون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Ибн Хәлдүн – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ибн Хәлдүн" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Chald%C5%ABns" title="Ibn Chaldūns – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ibn Chaldūns" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ібн Хальдун – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ібн Хальдун" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ібн Хальдун – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ібн Хальдун" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Haldun" title="Ibnu Haldun – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ibnu Haldun" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ибн Халдун – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ибн Халдун" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8" title="इब्न खाल्दून – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इब्न खाल्दून" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8" title="ইবনে খালদুন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইবনে খালদুন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn-Haldun" title="Ibn-Haldun – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ibn-Haldun" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Khaldun" title="Ibnu Khaldun – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Ibnu Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ибн Хальдун – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ибн Хальдун" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="ئیبن خەلدوون – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیبن خەلدوون" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0bn_Haldun" title="İbn Haldun – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İbn Haldun" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Chald%C3%BAn" title="Ibn Chaldún – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ibn Chaldún" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Chald%C5%ABn" title="Ibn Chaldūn – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ibn Chaldūn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0bn_Xaldun" title="İbn Xaldun – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İbn Xaldun" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%84%DE%B0%DE%82%DE%A8_%DE%9A%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%8B%DE%AB%DE%82%DE%B0" title="އިބްނި ޚަލްދޫން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިބްނި ޚަލްދޫން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BD_%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD" title="Ιμπν Χαλντούν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιμπν Χαλντούν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – سرائیکی ► skr" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="سرائیکی ► skr" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_%C4%A4aldun" title="Ibn Ĥaldun – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ibn Ĥaldun" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Jald%C3%BAn" title="Ibn Jaldún – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ibn Jaldún" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khald%C5%ABn" title="Ibn Khaldūn – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ibn Khaldūn" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن خلدون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابن خلدون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldoun" title="Ibn Khaldoun – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ibn Khaldoun" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Chald%C3%BBn" title="Ibn Chaldûn – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ibn Chaldûn" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E5%AE%A2%E6%95%A6" title="伊本·客敦 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="伊本·客敦" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldoun" title="Ibn Khaldoun – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ibn Khaldoun" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khald%C3%BAn" title="Ibn Khaldún – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ibn Khaldún" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Jald%C3%BAn" title="Ibn Jaldún – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ibn Jaldún" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Khaldun" title="Ibnu Khaldun – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Ibnu Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Kaldun" title="Ibn Kaldun – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ibn Kaldun" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%97%27%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F" title="אבן ח'לדון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבן ח'לדון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8" title="इब्न खल्दून – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इब्न खल्दून" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Haldun" title="Ibn Haldun – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ibn Haldun" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khald%C3%BAn" title="Ibn Khaldún – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ibn Khaldún" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%A2%D5%B6_%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Իբն Խալդուն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իբն Խալդուն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Khaldun" title="Ibnu Khaldun – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ibnu Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="イブン・ハルドゥーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イブン・ハルドゥーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Khaldun" title="Ibnu Khaldun – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ibnu Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="იბნ ხალდუნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იბნ ხალდუნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Xeldun" title="Ibn Xeldun – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ibn Xeldun" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ибн Халдун – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ибн Халдун" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%90_%ED%95%A0%EB%91%94" title="이븐 할둔 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이븐 할둔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ebn_Xeld%C3%BBn" title="Îbn Xeldûn – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îbn Xeldûn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ибн Халдун – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ибн Халдун" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldunus" title="Ibn Khaldunus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ibn Khaldunus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Chald%C5%ABnas" title="Ibn Chaldūnas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ibn Chaldūnas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hald%C5%ABns" title="Ibn Haldūns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ibn Haldūns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Khaldun" title="Ibnu Khaldun – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Ibnu Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldoun" title="Ibn Khaldoun – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ibn Khaldoun" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Khaldun" title="Ibnu Khaldun – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ibnu Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ибн Халдун – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ибн Халдун" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BB" title="ഇബ്നു ഖൽദൂൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇബ്നു ഖൽദൂൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Khaldun" title="Ibnu Khaldun – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ibnu Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن خلدون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ابن خلدون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Chald%C5%ABn" title="Ibn Chaldūn – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ibn Chaldūn" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khald%C5%ABn" title="Ibn Khaldūn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ibn Khaldūn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8" title="ਇਬਨ ਖ਼ਲਦੂਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਬਨ ਖ਼ਲਦੂਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Chaldun" title="Ibn Chaldun – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ibn Chaldun" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن خلدون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ابن خلدون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BD_%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD" title="Ιμπν Χαλντούν – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ιμπν Χαλντούν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن خلدون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ابن خلدون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibne_Caldune" title="Ibne Caldune – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ibne Caldune" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ибн Хальдун – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ибн Хальдун" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ібн Халдун – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ібн Халдун" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AE_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱤᱵᱽᱱᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱞᱫᱩᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱵᱽᱱᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱞᱫᱩᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن خلدون – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ابن خلدون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Haldun" title="Ibn Haldun – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ibn Haldun" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Xaldun" title="Ibn Xaldun – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ibn Xaldun" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Chald%C3%BAn" title="Ibn Chaldún – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ibn Chaldún" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Haldun" title="Ibn Haldun – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ibn Haldun" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khalduun" title="Ibn Khalduun – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ibn Khalduun" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Halduni" title="Ibn Halduni – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ibn Halduni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ибн Халдун – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ибн Халдун" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Khaldun" title="Ibnu Khaldun – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ibnu Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="இப்னு கல்தூன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இப்னு கல்தூன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86_%E0%B0%96%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇబ్నె ఖుల్దూన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇబ్నె ఖుల్దూన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ибни Халдун – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ибни Халдун" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99" title="อิบน์ ค็อลดูน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิบน์ ค็อลดูน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Xaldun" title="Ibn Xaldun – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ibn Xaldun" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0bn_Haldun" title="İbn Haldun – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İbn Haldun" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ибн Халдун – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ибн Халдун" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Ібн Хальдун – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ібн Хальдун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ابن خلدون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ابن خلدون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Xaldun" title="Ibn Xaldun – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ibn Xaldun" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Xhaldoun" title="Ben Xhaldoun – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ben Xhaldoun" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%8B%92%E6%95%A6" title="伊本·赫勒敦 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊本·赫勒敦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="იბნ ხალდუნი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იბნ ხალდუნი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F" title="איבן כאלדון – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איבן כאלדון" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%85%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵉⴱⵏ ⵅⴰⵍⴷⵓⵏ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⴱⵏ ⵅⴰⵍⴷⵓⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%8B%92%E6%95%A6" title="伊本·赫勒敦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊本·赫勒敦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ibn Khaldun" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%8B%92%E6%95%A6" title="伊本·赫勒敦 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊本·赫勒敦" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9294#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="بین اللسانی روابط وچ ترمیم کرو" class="wbc-editpage">روابط وچ ترمیم کرو</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ناں جاہیں"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="مواد آلا ورقہ ݙیکھو [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ورقہ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%BE_%D9%85%DB%81%D8%A7%DA%91:%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="مضمون بارے بحث (ایہ ورقہ اڄݨ تائیں کائنی بݨیا) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ڳالھ مہاڑ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">سرائیکی</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ݙکھالے"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86"><span>پڑھو</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&veaction=edit" title="ایں ورقے تے لکھو [v]" accesskey="v"><span>لکھو</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ماخذ وچ لکھو</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&action=history" title="ایں ورقے دا پراݨا روپ۔ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>تاریخچہ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="اوزار" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">اوزار</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">اوزار</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">لُکاؤ</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ٻئے اختیار" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> عمل </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86"><span>پڑھو</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&veaction=edit" title="ایں ورقے تے لکھو [v]" accesskey="v"><span>لکھو</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ماخذ وچ لکھو</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&action=history"><span>تاریخچہ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> عمومی </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:WhatLinksHere/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="ایں نال جڑے سارے وکی ورقے۔ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>مربوط ورقے</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:RecentChangesLinked/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" rel="nofollow" title="ایں ورقے توں جڑے ورقیاں وچ نویاں تبدیلیاں [k]" accesskey="k"><span>رلدیاں ملدیاں تبدیلیاں</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=skr" title="فائل اپ لوڈ کرو [u]" accesskey="u"><span>فائل اپ لوڈ کرو</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:SpecialPages" title="سارے خاص ورقیاں دی تندیر [q]" accesskey="q"><span>خاص ورقے</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&oldid=1188" title="ایں ورقے دی ایں رویژن دا پکا لنک جوڑ"><span>پکا لنک</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&action=info" title="ایں ورقے بارے ٻیاں معلومات"><span>معلومات ورقہ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:CiteThisPage&page=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&id=1188&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ایں ورقے دا حوالہ کینویں ݙیویجے"><span>مضمون دا حوالہ ݙیوو</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fskr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AE%25D9%2584%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2586"><span>مختصر تھیا یوآرایل گھنو</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fskr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AE%25D9%2584%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2586"><span>کیو آر کوڈ ڈاؤن لوڈ کرو</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> چھاپو/ اڳوں تے ٻاہر بھیڄو </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86"><span>کتاب بݨاؤ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF دے طور تے ڈاؤنلوڈ کرو</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&printable=yes" title="ایں ورقے دا چھپݨ آلا انگ ݙیکھو [p]" accesskey="p"><span>چھاپݨ کیتے ورژن</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ٻنھاں منصوبیاں وچ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ibn_Khaldun" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9294" title="متعلقہ ڈیٹا نال منسلک کرو [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata آئٹم</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="شکل و صورت"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">شکل و صورت</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">لُکاؤ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint"> وکیپیڈیا توں</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="skr" dir="rtl"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:TCCKhaldun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/TCCKhaldun.jpg/220px-TCCKhaldun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/TCCKhaldun.jpg/330px-TCCKhaldun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/TCCKhaldun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="604" /></a><figcaption>ابن خلدون دا برونز دا مجسمہ</figcaption></figure> <p><b>ابن خلدون</b> (پیدائش: 1332ء -وفات: 1406ء) عالم اسلام دے مشہور و معروف <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="مورخ (ایہ ورقہ اڄݨ تائیں کائنی بݨیا)">مورخ</a>، <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%81%D9%82%DB%8C%DB%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="فقیہ (ایہ ورقہ اڄݨ تائیں کائنی بݨیا)">فقیہ</a>، <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="فلسفی (ایہ ورقہ اڄݨ تائیں کائنی بݨیا)">فلسفی</a> تے <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سیاستدان (ایہ ورقہ اڄݨ تائیں کائنی بݨیا)">سیاستدان</a> ہن۔ انہاں دا مکمل ناں <b>ابوزید عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن محمد بن خلدون ولی الدین التونسی الحضرمی الاشبیلی المالکی</b> ہئی ۔<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>١<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> اوہ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="تونس (ایہ ورقہ اڄݨ تائیں کائنی بݨیا)">تیونس</a> وچ پیدا تھئے تے تعلیم توں فراغت دے بعد <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="تیونس (ایہ ورقہ اڄݨ تائیں کائنی بݨیا)">تیونس</a> دے سلطان ابوعنان دے وزیر مقرر تھئے۔ لیکن درباری سازشاں توں تنگ آ کے حاکم <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="غرناطہ (ایہ ورقہ اڄݨ تائیں کائنی بݨیا)">غرناطہ</a> دے کوـ چلے گئے۔ ایہ سر زمین وی راس نہ آئی تاں <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1" title="مصر">مصر</a> آ گئے تے <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%81%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="جامعہ الازہر (ایہ ورقہ اڄݨ تائیں کائنی بݨیا)">جامعہ الازہر</a> وچ درس و تدریس تے مامور تھئے۔ </p><p>مصر وچ انہاں کوں <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%81%D9%82%DB%81_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="فقہ مالکی (ایہ ورقہ اڄݨ تائیں کائنی بݨیا)">فقہ مالکی</a> دا منصبِ قضا تفویض کیتا گیا۔ ہیں عہدے تے انہاں نے وفات پاتی۔ ابن خلدون کوں <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="تاریخ">تاریخ</a> تے <a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="عمرانیات">عمرانیات</a> دا بانی تصور کیتا ویندا ہے۔ انہاں نے العبر دے ناں توں ہسپانوی عرباں دی تاریخ لکھی ہئی جیہڑی ݙو جلداں وچ شائع تھئی۔ لیکن اس دا سب توں وݙا کارنامہ <b>مقدمتہ فی التاریخ</b> ہے جیہڑا <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%81_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="مقدمہ ابن خلدون (ایہ ورقہ اڄݨ تائیں کائنی بݨیا)">مقدمہ ابن خلدون</a> دے ناں توں مشہور ہے۔ ایہ تاریخ، سیاست، عمرانیات، اقتصادیات تے ادبیات دا گراں مایہ خزانہ ہے۔ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="مقدمہ_تے_تاریخ_ابن_خلدون_دا_اردو_ترجمہ"><span id=".D9.85.D9.82.D8.AF.D9.85.DB.81_.D8.AA.DB.92_.D8.AA.D8.A7.D8.B1.DB.8C.D8.AE_.D8.A7.D8.A8.D9.86_.D8.AE.D9.84.D8.AF.D9.88.D9.86_.D8.AF.D8.A7_.D8.A7.D8.B1.D8.AF.D9.88_.D8.AA.D8.B1.D8.AC.D9.85.DB.81"></span>مقدمہ تے تاریخ ابن خلدون دا اردو ترجمہ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&veaction=edit&section=1" title="حصہ لکھو: مقدمہ تے تاریخ ابن خلدون دا اردو ترجمہ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>لکھو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: مقدمہ تے تاریخ ابن خلدون دا اردو ترجمہ"><span>ماخذ وچ تبدیلی کرو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>مقدمہ ابن خلدون تاریخ ابن خلدون دا مقدمہ ہے جیہڑی بذات خود ہک کتاب ہے۔ اینکوں ابن خلدون نے تحریر کیتا ہے جیہڑا جدید عمرانیات دا بانی ہے۔ مقدمہ ابن خلدون پہلی دفعہ 1377 وچ شائع تھیا۔ <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="اردو">اردو</a> وچ مقدمہ ابن خلدون دا ترجمہ معروف ادیب تے شاعر ڈاکٹر <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%81%DB%8C" title="ابوالخیر کشفی">ابوالخیر کشفی</a> نے کیتا ہے۔ اینکوں دار الاشاعت کراچی نے شائع کیتا ہے۔ ترجمہ 534 صفحات تے مشتمل ہے۔ اس دے علاوہ مولانا راغب رحمانی نے وی ترجمہ کیتا ہے جینکوں نفیس اکیڈمی کراچی نے شائع کیتا ہے۔ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ذاتی_حالات"><span id=".D8.B0.D8.A7.D8.AA.DB.8C_.D8.AD.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A7.D8.AA"></span>ذاتی حالات</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&veaction=edit&section=2" title="حصہ لکھو: ذاتی حالات" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>لکھو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: ذاتی حالات"><span>ماخذ وچ تبدیلی کرو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ابن خلدون شمال مغربی افریقہ دے ملک تیونس وچ ۱۳۳۲ عیسوی وچ پیدا تھیا۔ اس دی ابتدائی تعلیم اس وقت دے دستور دے مطابق تھئی تے اس اپݨے زمانے دے مجوّزہ نصاب تے پورا عبور حاصل کر گھدا۔ اس پہلے قرآن کریم حفظ کیتا تے اس کوں ستاں قرأتاں دے نال پڑھا۔ احادیث وچ اس مُوطّا امام مالک تے صحیح مسلم دی تاں تکمیل کیتی، لیکن صحیح بخاری دے چند اجزا تک ہی اس دی رسائی تھی سڳی۔ لغت تے نحو دے علوم وچ اس دست رس حاصل کیتی، تے ادبیات دے سلسلے وچ اس دا اپݨا بیان ہے کہ عربی ادب و شعر دے کلاسیکی مجموعے کتاب الاغانی دا وݙا حصہ اس کوں ازبَر ہئی۔ اس بیان تے البتہ لوگاں نے زیادہ اعتبار نی کیتا کہ کتاب الاغانی ٻہوں ضخیم کتاب ہے (اج دے زمانے وچ ایہ ویہہ جلداں وچ آندی ہے)۔ </p><p>اپݨی زندگی دے حالات دے بارے وچ ابن خلدون نے اپݨے سوانح نگاراں دی مشکل ایویں آسان کر ݙتی کہ اپݨے بعد آوݨ والیاں کیتے اس ہک اینجھی خود نوشت لکھ چھوڑی ہے جیہڑی اس دی زندگی دے حالات بڑی تفصیل دے نال بیان کریندی ہے تے انہاں دے تاریخی پس نظر کوں وی اُجاگر کریندی ویندی ہے۔ اپݨی بعض خامیاں دے باوجود (مثلاً ایہ کہ اس وچ ابن خلدون دے بچپن دے حالات دا کوئی ذکر نی) ایہ سوانح بہت جامع تے وسیع الاطراف ہے۔ ایہ اس دی ’’تاریخ‘‘ دا آخری حصہ ہے، جس طرح ’’مقدمہ‘‘ اس دی ’’تاریخ‘‘ دا پہلا حصہ ہے۔ <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>٢<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="حوالے"><span id=".D8.AD.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.84.DB.92"></span>حوالے</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&veaction=edit&section=3" title="حصہ لکھو: حوالے" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>لکھو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: حوالے"><span>ماخذ وچ تبدیلی کرو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%81_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="مقدمہ ابن خلدون (ایہ ورقہ اڄݨ تائیں کائنی بݨیا)">مقدمہ ابن خلدون</a> صفحہ 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.adbiduniya.com/2016/06/article-on-ibn-khaldun-by-muhammad-kazim.html?m=1">http://www.adbiduniya.com/2016/06/article-on-ibn-khaldun-by-muhammad-kazim.html?m=1</a></span> </li> </ol> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐ddwrv Cached time: 20241123155526 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.015 seconds Real time usage: 0.022 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 49/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 2/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 304/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key skrwiki:pcache:idhash:301-0!canonical and timestamp 20241123155526 and revision id 1188. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ابن_خلدون&oldid=1188">https://skr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ابن_خلدون&oldid=1188</a>" توں گھدا</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ایہ ورقہ چھیکڑی واری ١٦ دسمبر ٢٠٢٠ کوں ١٥:٤٦ تے تبدیل تھیا ہائی۔</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">لکھت ایں لسنس نال ہے <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; ٻیاں شرطاں وی لاگو تھی سڳدیاں ہن. ورتن شرطاں <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">ورتݨ شرطاں</a> .</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">رازداری پالیسی</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81">وکیپیڈیا دا تعارف</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B8%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1">لاتعلقی اظہار</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">ضابطہ اخلاق</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">ترقی ݙیوݨ آلے</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/skr.wikipedia.org">شماریات</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">کوکی تفصیلاں</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//skr.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">موبائل سائٹ</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-g9zqz","wgBackendResponseTime":170,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.015","walltime":"0.022","ppvisitednodes":{"value":49,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":2,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":304,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 0.000 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ddwrv","timestamp":"20241123155526","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646","url":"https:\/\/skr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q9294","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q9294","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2018-08-13T06:37:29Z","dateModified":"2020-12-16T10:46:17Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/43\/TCCKhaldun.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>