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id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Peterhof Palace</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Peterhof_Palace" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Peterhof_Palace" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only 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class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p>The <b>Peterhof Palace</b> (Russian: <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Петерго́ф</span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>:</small> <span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Petergóf</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[pʲɪtʲɪrˈɡof]</a></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an emulation of <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> "Peterhof", meaning "Pieter's Court")<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a series of palaces and gardens located in <a href="/wiki/Petergof" title="Petergof">Petergof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a> as a direct response to the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a> by <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV of France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally intending it in 1709 for country habitation, Peter the Great sought to expand the property as a result of his visit to the French <a href="/wiki/Royal_court" title="Royal court">royal court</a> in 1717,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> inspiring the nickname of "The Russian Versailles".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The architect between 1714 and 1728 was <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Trezzini" title="Domenico Trezzini">Domenico Trezzini</a>, and the style he employed became the foundation for the <a href="/wiki/Petrine_Baroque" title="Petrine Baroque">Petrine Baroque</a> style favored throughout Saint Petersburg.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 1714, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Alexandre_Le_Blond" title="Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond">Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond</a>, likely chosen due to his previous collaborations<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Versailles landscaper <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Le_N%C3%B4tre" title="André Le Nôtre">André Le Nôtre</a>, designed the gardens. <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Bartolomeo_Rastrelli" title="Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli">Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli</a> completed an expansion from 1747 to 1756 for <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Russia" title="Elizabeth of Russia">Elizabeth of Russia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Saint_Petersburg_and_Related_Groups_of_Monuments" title="Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments">palace-ensemble along with the city center</a> is recognized as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>. </p><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title category" style="font-size:125%;">Peterhof Palace</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="padding:0.2em;background:#0177d3;font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #ffffff; text-decoration: inherit;">UNESCO World Heritage Site</span></a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Peterhof_Palace,_Saint_Petersburg,_Russia_(44408938295).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Peterhof_Palace%2C_Saint_Petersburg%2C_Russia_%2844408938295%29.jpg/220px-Peterhof_Palace%2C_Saint_Petersburg%2C_Russia_%2844408938295%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Peterhof_Palace%2C_Saint_Petersburg%2C_Russia_%2844408938295%29.jpg/330px-Peterhof_Palace%2C_Saint_Petersburg%2C_Russia_%2844408938295%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Peterhof_Palace%2C_Saint_Petersburg%2C_Russia_%2844408938295%29.jpg/440px-Peterhof_Palace%2C_Saint_Petersburg%2C_Russia_%2844408938295%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3202" data-file-height="1873"></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv)(vi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/540bis">540bis</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">1990 (14th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">3,934.1 ha</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Peterhof_Palace&params=59_53_04_N_29_54_32_E_type:landmark_region:RU_dim:2000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">59°53′04″N</span> <span class="longitude">29°54′32″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">59.88444°N 29.90889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">59.88444; 29.90889</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace.jpg/220px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace.jpg/330px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace.jpg/440px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4207" data-file-height="2804"></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Peterhof Palace (main building) and the upper garden</figcaption></figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Construction"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Construction</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Monplaisir_Palace_(1714%E2%80%931723)"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Monplaisir Palace (1714–1723)</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Layout"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Layout</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#The_Grand_Cascade_and_Samson_Fountain"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">The Grand Cascade and Samson Fountain</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#The_Lower_Gardens"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">The Lower Gardens</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#The_Grand_Palace"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">The Grand Palace</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Other_features"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Other features</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#1705%E2%80%931755"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">1705–1755</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#1941%E2%80%93modern_day"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">1941–modern day</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Gallery"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peterhof_Palace&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Construction" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The end of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a> resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Nystad" title="Treaty of Nystad">Treaty of Nystad</a> in 1721, ceding much of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Swedish Empire's</a> claim to the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> to the rising <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a>. Peter the Great already began construction of his new capital St Petersburg in 1703 after successfully capturing Swedish provinces on the eastern coast.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This strategic location allowed Russian access to the Baltic Sea through the <a href="/wiki/Neva_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Neva River">Neva River</a> that flowed to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a>. The island of <a href="/wiki/Kotlin_Island" title="Kotlin Island">Kotlin</a> and its fortress <a href="/wiki/Kronstadt" title="Kronstadt">Kronstadt</a> west of St Petersburg provided a gateway and commercial harbor access owing to the shallowness of water closer to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the early 18th century, Peter the Great built and expanded the Peterhof Palace complex as a part of his goal to modernize and westernize Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monplaisir_Palace_(1714–1723)"><span id="Monplaisir_Palace_.281714.E2.80.931723.29"></span>Monplaisir Palace (1714–1723)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peterhof_Palace&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Monplaisir Palace (1714–1723)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Monplaisir_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Monplaisir_Palace.jpg/220px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Monplaisir_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5397" data-file-height="3597"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Monplaisir_Palace.jpg/220px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Monplaisir_Palace.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Monplaisir_Palace.jpg/330px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Monplaisir_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Monplaisir_Palace.jpg/440px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Monplaisir_Palace.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Monplaisir Palace and gardens</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1714, Peter began construction of the <a href="/wiki/Monplaisir_Palace" title="Monplaisir Palace">Monplaisir Palace</a> (French: "my delight") based on his own sketches. He "сhalked out not only the site but also the inside layout, some elements of the decorative finish, etc".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based in a Dutch style,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this was Peter's summer retreat (not to be confused with his <a href="/wiki/Summer_Palace_of_Peter_the_Great" title="Summer Palace of Peter the Great">Summer Palace</a>) that he would use on his way coming and going from Europe through the harbour at Kronstadt. On the walls of this seacoast palace hung hundreds of paintings that Peter brought from Europe<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and allowed to weather Russian winters and the dampness of the sea without heat. In the seaward corner of his Monplaisir Palace, Peter made his Maritime Study, from which he could see Kronstadt Island to the left and St. Petersburg to the right.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, he expanded his plans to include a vaster royal <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Château">château</a> of palaces and gardens further inland, on the model of <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles</a> which would become Peterhof Palace. The initial design of the palace and its garden was done by the French architect <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Alexandre_Le_Blond" title="Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond">Jean-Baptiste Le Blond</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Layout">Layout</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peterhof_Palace&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Layout" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>The dominant natural feature of Peterhof is a 16-m-high <a href="/wiki/Cliff#Geography" title="Cliff">bluff</a> lying less than 100 m from the shore. The so-called Lower Gardens (<i>Nizhny Sad</i>), at 1.02 km<sup>2</sup> comprising the better part of Peterhof's land area, are confined between this bluff and the shore, stretching east and west for roughly 200 m. The majority of Peterhof's fountains are contained here, as are several small palaces and outbuildings. East of the Lower Gardens lies the Alexandria Park with 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic Revival">Gothic Revival</a> structures such as the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Chapel_in_Peterhof" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic Chapel in Peterhof">Kapella</a>. </p><p>Atop the bluff, near the middle of the Lower Gardens, stands the Grand Palace (<i>Bolshoi Dvorets</i>). Behind (south) of it are the comparatively small Upper Gardens (<i>Verhnyy Sad</i>). Upon the bluff's face below the palace is the Grand Cascade (<i>Bolshoi Kaskad</i>). This and the Grand Palace are the centrepiece of the entire complex. At its foot begins the Sea Channel (<i>Morskoi Kanal</i>), one of the most extensive waterworks of the <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> period, which bisects the Lower Gardens. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Grand_Cascade_and_Samson_Fountain">The Grand Cascade and Samson Fountain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peterhof_Palace&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Grand Cascade and Samson Fountain" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schloss_Peterhof,_Gro%C3%9Fe_Kaskade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Schloss_Peterhof%2C_Gro%C3%9Fe_Kaskade.jpg/220px-Schloss_Peterhof%2C_Gro%C3%9Fe_Kaskade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="1791"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 79px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Schloss_Peterhof%2C_Gro%C3%9Fe_Kaskade.jpg/220px-Schloss_Peterhof%2C_Gro%C3%9Fe_Kaskade.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="79" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Schloss_Peterhof%2C_Gro%C3%9Fe_Kaskade.jpg/330px-Schloss_Peterhof%2C_Gro%C3%9Fe_Kaskade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Schloss_Peterhof%2C_Gro%C3%9Fe_Kaskade.jpg/440px-Schloss_Peterhof%2C_Gro%C3%9Fe_Kaskade.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Peterhof: the Samson Fountain and Sea Channel</figcaption></figure> <p>The Grand Cascade is modelled on one constructed for <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a> at his <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Marly" title="Château de Marly">Château de Marly</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is likewise memorialised in one of the park's outbuildings. </p><p>At the centre of the cascade is an artificial grotto with two stories, faced inside and out with hewn brown stone. It currently contains a modest museum of the fountains' history. </p><p>The fountains of the Grand Cascade are located below the grotto and on either side of it. There are 64 fountains.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their waters flow into a semicircular pool, the terminus of the fountain-lined Sea Channel. In the 1730s, the large Samson Fountain was placed in this pool. It depicts the moment when <a href="/wiki/Samson" title="Samson">Samson</a> tears open the jaws of a lion, representing Russia's victory over <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a>, and is doubly symbolic.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lion is an element of the Swedish coat of arms, and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Poltava" title="Battle of Poltava">one of the great victories of the war</a> was won on <a href="/wiki/Sampson_the_Hospitable" title="Sampson the Hospitable">St Sampson's Day</a>. From the lion's mouth shoots a 20-metre (66 ft)-high vertical jet of water, the highest in all of Peterhof. This masterpiece by <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kozlovsky" title="Mikhail Kozlovsky">Mikhail Kozlovsky</a> was looted by the invading Germans during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>; see <a href="#History">History</a> below. A replica of the statue was installed in 1947. </p><p>Perhaps the greatest technological achievement of Peterhof is that all of the fountains operate without the use of <a href="/wiki/Pump" title="Pump">pumps</a>. Water is supplied from natural springs and collects in reservoirs in the Upper Gardens. The elevation difference creates the pressure that drives most of the fountains of the Lower Gardens, including the Grand Cascade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Lower_Gardens">The Lower Gardens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peterhof_Palace&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Lower Gardens" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St.Petersburg_Russia_Summer_Palace-9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/St.Petersburg_Russia_Summer_Palace-9.jpg/220px-St.Petersburg_Russia_Summer_Palace-9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5115" data-file-height="3410"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/St.Petersburg_Russia_Summer_Palace-9.jpg/220px-St.Petersburg_Russia_Summer_Palace-9.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/St.Petersburg_Russia_Summer_Palace-9.jpg/330px-St.Petersburg_Russia_Summer_Palace-9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/St.Petersburg_Russia_Summer_Palace-9.jpg/440px-St.Petersburg_Russia_Summer_Palace-9.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A garden area.</figcaption></figure> <p>The expanse of the Lower Gardens is designed in the formal style of <a href="/wiki/French_formal_garden" title="French formal garden">French formal gardens</a> of the 17th century. Although many trees are overgrown, in recent years the formal clipping along the many allees has resumed in order to restore the original appearance of the garden. The many fountains located here exhibit an unusual degree of creativity. </p><p>The same bluff that provides a setting for the Grand Cascade houses two other, very different cascades. West of the Grand Palace is the Golden Mountain (<i>Золотая Гора</i>), decorated with marble statuary that contrasts with the riotous gilded figures of the Grand Cascade. To the east is the Chess Mountain (<i>Шахматная Гора</i>), a broad chute whose surface is tiled black and white like a <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chessboard</a>. The most prominently positioned fountains of Peterhof are 'Adam' and 'Eve'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Grand_Palace">The Grand Palace</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peterhof_Palace&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The Grand Palace" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PeterhoffRoomWithHarp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/PeterhoffRoomWithHarp.jpg/220px-PeterhoffRoomWithHarp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="545"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/PeterhoffRoomWithHarp.jpg/220px-PeterhoffRoomWithHarp.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/PeterhoffRoomWithHarp.jpg/330px-PeterhoffRoomWithHarp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/PeterhoffRoomWithHarp.jpg/440px-PeterhoffRoomWithHarp.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>French style interior</figcaption></figure> <p>The largest of Peterhof's palaces looks imposing when seen from the Lower or Upper Gardens, but in fact it is quite narrow and not overly large. </p><p>The Chesma Hall is decorated with twelve large paintings of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chesma" title="Battle of Chesma">Battle of Chesma</a>, a stunning naval victory of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War,_1768-1774" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774">Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774</a>. These were painted between 1771 and 1773 by the German artist <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Philipp_Hackert" title="Jacob Philipp Hackert">Jacob Philipp Hackert</a>. His first renderings of the great battle scenes were criticised by witnesses as not showing realistically the effect of exploding ships — the flying timbers, great flames, smoke, and fireballs. </p><p>The East and West Chinese Cabinets were decorated between 1766 and 1769 to exhibit objects of decorative art imported from the East. The walls were decorated with imitation Oriental patterns by Russian craftsmen, and hung with Chinese landscape paintings in yellow and black <a href="/wiki/Lacquer" title="Lacquer">lacquer</a>. Another room, positioned at the centre of the palace, bears the name of the Picture Hall. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_features">Other features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peterhof_Palace&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other features" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 220px; height: 150px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -5px; left: -200px; width: 550px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Marli_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Marli Palace in the lower garden area" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Marli_Palace.jpg/550px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Marli_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="550" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5468" data-file-height="1869"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 550px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Marli_Palace.jpg/550px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Marli_Palace.jpg" data-alt="Marli Palace in the lower garden area" data-width="550" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Marli_Palace.jpg/825px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Marli_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Marli_Palace.jpg/1100px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Marli_Palace.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Marli_Palace.jpg" title="File:RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof Palace-Marli Palace.jpg"> </a></div>Marli Palace in the lower garden area </div> </div> </div> <p>The Grand Palace is not the only historic royal building in Peterhof. The palaces of <a href="/wiki/Monplaisir_Palace" title="Monplaisir Palace">Monplaisir</a> and Marli, as well as the pavilion known as the '<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermitage_Pavilion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermitage Pavilion (page does not exist)">Hermitage</a>', were all raised during the initial construction of Peterhof during the reign of Peter the Great.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peterhof_Palace&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1705–1755"><span id="1705.E2.80.931755"></span>1705–1755</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peterhof_Palace&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1705–1755" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meyer-Ozerki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Meyer-Ozerki.jpg/220px-Meyer-Ozerki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="358"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 158px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Meyer-Ozerki.jpg/220px-Meyer-Ozerki.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="158" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Meyer-Ozerki.jpg/330px-Meyer-Ozerki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Meyer-Ozerki.jpg/440px-Meyer-Ozerki.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The Ozerki Pavilion (1840s), by <a href="/wiki/Yegor_Meyer" title="Yegor Meyer">Yegor Meyer</a></figcaption></figure><p> In the early 1700s, the original Peterhof appeared quite different from today. Many of the fountains had not yet been installed and the entire Alexandrine Park and Upper Gardens did not exist. What is now the Upper Gardens was used to grow vegetables, and its ponds, then numbering only three, for fish. The Samson Fountain and its massive pedestal had not yet been installed in the Sea Channel, and the channel itself was used as a grand marine entrance into the complex.</p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meyer-Olgin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Meyer-Olgin.jpg/225px-Meyer-Olgin.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="340"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 225px;height: 153px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Meyer-Olgin.jpg/225px-Meyer-Olgin.jpg" data-width="225" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Meyer-Olgin.jpg/338px-Meyer-Olgin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Meyer-Olgin.jpg/450px-Meyer-Olgin.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Olgin Pond (1840s), by Yegor Meyer</figcaption></figure> <p>Perhaps the most important change augmenting Peter's design was the elevation of the Grand Palace to central status and prominence. The Grand Palace was originally called simply 'Upper', and was hardly larger than any of the other structures of the complex. The addition of wings, undertaken between 1745 and 1755, was one of the many projects commissioned from the Italian architect <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Rastrelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartolomeo Rastrelli">Bartolomeo Rastrelli</a> by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Russia" title="Elizabeth of Russia">Elizabeth of Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, the Grand Cascade was more sparsely decorated when initially built. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1941–modern_day"><span id="1941.E2.80.93modern_day"></span>1941–modern day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peterhof_Palace&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1941–modern day" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Peterhof, like <a href="/wiki/Tsarskoye_Selo" title="Tsarskoye Selo">Tsarskoye Selo</a>, was captured by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a> troops in 1941 and held until 1944. In the few months that elapsed between the <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="German invasion of the Soviet Union">German invasion of the Soviet Union</a> and the appearance of the German Army, employees were only able to save a portion of the treasures of the palaces and fountains. An attempt was made to dismantle and bury the fountain sculptures, but three quarters, including all of the largest ones, remained in place. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_of_the_naval_landing_in_Low_Park_of_Peterhof_near_the_pier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Monument_of_the_naval_landing_in_Low_Park_of_Peterhof_near_the_pier.jpg/220px-Monument_of_the_naval_landing_in_Low_Park_of_Peterhof_near_the_pier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3669" data-file-height="2569"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Monument_of_the_naval_landing_in_Low_Park_of_Peterhof_near_the_pier.jpg/220px-Monument_of_the_naval_landing_in_Low_Park_of_Peterhof_near_the_pier.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Monument_of_the_naval_landing_in_Low_Park_of_Peterhof_near_the_pier.jpg/330px-Monument_of_the_naval_landing_in_Low_Park_of_Peterhof_near_the_pier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Monument_of_the_naval_landing_in_Low_Park_of_Peterhof_near_the_pier.jpg/440px-Monument_of_the_naval_landing_in_Low_Park_of_Peterhof_near_the_pier.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Monument of the naval landing in Lower Gardens of Peterhof near the pier.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 23 September 1941 German troops captured Peterhof. Two weeks later, on 5 October 1941, Soviet troops tried to recapture the town and block the highway by naval landing. 510 marines of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Baltic_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Baltic Fleet">Soviet Baltic Fleet</a> landed on the beach of the neighboring park of Alexandria but faced a heavy fire from the Germans. The commander of the operation was killed, all landing troops became disorganised, one landing craft was sunk and another one missed. Despite Soviet attempts to cover the landing forces by coastal artillery from Kronstadt, they were quickly suspended because of lack of connection with the landing troops. Evacuation attempts also failed due to heavy German artillery shelling (only one marine was picked up from the water). The Peterhof landing operation failed and all landing troops were cut off from the shore and surrounded. Some of them reached the Lower Gardens and fought until the bitter end, including hand-to-hand combat. The last pockets of resistance were destroyed on 7 October. Several dozen German Shepherd dogs were released into the gardens to find the hiding marines. Many of the wounded marines were mauled to death and several were captured.<sup id="cite_ref-centralsector.narod.ru_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-centralsector.narod.ru-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The occupying forces of the German Army largely destroyed<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peterhof. Many of the fountains were destroyed, and the palace was partially exploded and left to burn. Restoration work began almost immediately after the end of the war and continues to this day. The Lower Park was reopened to the public in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name was changed to "Petrodvorets" ("Peter's Palace") in 1944 as a result of wartime anti-German sentiment and propaganda, but the original name was restored in 1997 by the post-<a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> government of Russia. </p><p>The "purpose" of Peterhof was as a celebration and claim to access to the Baltic (while simultaneously, Peter the Great was also expanding on the Black Sea littoral). </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peterhof_Palace&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gallery" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St.Petersburg_Russia_Summer_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Poseidon and the palace church dome"><noscript><img alt="Poseidon and the palace church dome" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/St.Petersburg_Russia_Summer_Palace.jpg/160px-St.Petersburg_Russia_Summer_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 107px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/St.Petersburg_Russia_Summer_Palace.jpg/160px-St.Petersburg_Russia_Summer_Palace.jpg" data-alt="Poseidon and the palace church dome" data-width="160" data-height="107" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/St.Petersburg_Russia_Summer_Palace.jpg/240px-St.Petersburg_Russia_Summer_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/St.Petersburg_Russia_Summer_Palace.jpg/320px-St.Petersburg_Russia_Summer_Palace.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Poseidon and the palace church dome</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samson_fountain_in_Peterhof_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The 20-metre-high vertical jet of water from the lion's mouth of the Samson Fountain"><noscript><img alt="The 20-metre-high vertical jet of water from the lion's mouth of the Samson Fountain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Samson_fountain_in_Peterhof_02.jpg/160px-Samson_fountain_in_Peterhof_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="106" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2119"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 106px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Samson_fountain_in_Peterhof_02.jpg/160px-Samson_fountain_in_Peterhof_02.jpg" data-alt="The 20-metre-high vertical jet of water from the lion's mouth of the Samson Fountain" data-width="160" data-height="106" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Samson_fountain_in_Peterhof_02.jpg/240px-Samson_fountain_in_Peterhof_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Samson_fountain_in_Peterhof_02.jpg/320px-Samson_fountain_in_Peterhof_02.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The 20-metre-high vertical jet of water from the lion's mouth of the Samson Fountain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0._%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Church of the Grand Palace"><noscript><img alt="Church of the Grand Palace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0._%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84.jpg/160px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0._%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="98" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3802" data-file-height="2336"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 98px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0._%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84.jpg/160px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0._%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84.jpg" data-alt="Church of the Grand Palace" data-width="160" data-height="98" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0._%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84.jpg/240px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0._%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0._%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84.jpg/320px-%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0._%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Church of the Grand Palace</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Petershof_Bolshoy_Palace_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Upper Gardens of Peterhof"><noscript><img alt="The Upper Gardens of Peterhof" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Petershof_Bolshoy_Palace_2005.jpg/160px-Petershof_Bolshoy_Palace_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="106" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 106px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Petershof_Bolshoy_Palace_2005.jpg/160px-Petershof_Bolshoy_Palace_2005.jpg" data-alt="The Upper Gardens of Peterhof" data-width="160" data-height="106" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Petershof_Bolshoy_Palace_2005.jpg/240px-Petershof_Bolshoy_Palace_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Petershof_Bolshoy_Palace_2005.jpg/320px-Petershof_Bolshoy_Palace_2005.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Upper Gardens of Peterhof</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of the Grand Cascade"><noscript><img alt="View of the Grand Cascade" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg/160px-Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4200" data-file-height="2800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 107px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg/160px-Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg" data-alt="View of the Grand Cascade" data-width="160" data-height="107" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg/240px-Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg/320px-Grand_Cascade_in_Peterhof_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of the Grand Cascade</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermitage_Peterhof_againstthesea.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Hermitage Pavilion in the Lower Gardens"><noscript><img alt="The Hermitage Pavilion in the Lower Gardens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hermitage_Peterhof_againstthesea.jpg/160px-Hermitage_Peterhof_againstthesea.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="119" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1712"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 119px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hermitage_Peterhof_againstthesea.jpg/160px-Hermitage_Peterhof_againstthesea.jpg" data-alt="The Hermitage Pavilion in the Lower Gardens" data-width="160" data-height="119" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hermitage_Peterhof_againstthesea.jpg/240px-Hermitage_Peterhof_againstthesea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Hermitage_Peterhof_againstthesea.jpg/320px-Hermitage_Peterhof_againstthesea.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Hermitage Pavilion in the Lower Gardens</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peterhof_interior_20021011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Grand Throne Room"><noscript><img alt="The Grand Throne Room" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Peterhof_interior_20021011.jpg/96px-Peterhof_interior_20021011.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="475"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 96px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Peterhof_interior_20021011.jpg/96px-Peterhof_interior_20021011.jpg" data-alt="The Grand Throne Room" data-width="96" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Peterhof_interior_20021011.jpg/145px-Peterhof_interior_20021011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Peterhof_interior_20021011.jpg/193px-Peterhof_interior_20021011.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Grand <a href="/wiki/Throne_Room" class="mw-redirect" title="Throne Room">Throne Room</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aviary_Pavilion_on_the_grounds_of_Peterhof_in_Russia.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Aviary Pavilion"><noscript><img alt="Aviary Pavilion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Aviary_Pavilion_on_the_grounds_of_Peterhof_in_Russia.JPG/160px-Aviary_Pavilion_on_the_grounds_of_Peterhof_in_Russia.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2199"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Aviary_Pavilion_on_the_grounds_of_Peterhof_in_Russia.JPG/160px-Aviary_Pavilion_on_the_grounds_of_Peterhof_in_Russia.JPG" data-alt="Aviary Pavilion" data-width="160" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Aviary_Pavilion_on_the_grounds_of_Peterhof_in_Russia.JPG/240px-Aviary_Pavilion_on_the_grounds_of_Peterhof_in_Russia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Aviary_Pavilion_on_the_grounds_of_Peterhof_in_Russia.JPG/320px-Aviary_Pavilion_on_the_grounds_of_Peterhof_in_Russia.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aviary Pavilion</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olgia_Pavilion_Peterhof.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Olgin Pavilion"><noscript><img alt="Olgin Pavilion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Olgia_Pavilion_Peterhof.jpg/160px-Olgia_Pavilion_Peterhof.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="119" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1712"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 119px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Olgia_Pavilion_Peterhof.jpg/160px-Olgia_Pavilion_Peterhof.jpg" data-alt="Olgin Pavilion" data-width="160" data-height="119" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Olgia_Pavilion_Peterhof.jpg/240px-Olgia_Pavilion_Peterhof.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Olgia_Pavilion_Peterhof.jpg/320px-Olgia_Pavilion_Peterhof.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Olgin Pavilion</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Tsaritsyn_Pavilion.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tsarina's Pavilion"><noscript><img alt="Tsarina's Pavilion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Tsaritsyn_Pavilion.jpg/160px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Tsaritsyn_Pavilion.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4767" data-file-height="3178"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 107px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Tsaritsyn_Pavilion.jpg/160px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Tsaritsyn_Pavilion.jpg" data-alt="Tsarina's Pavilion" data-width="160" data-height="107" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Tsaritsyn_Pavilion.jpg/240px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Tsaritsyn_Pavilion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Tsaritsyn_Pavilion.jpg/320px-RUS-2016-Aerial-SPB-Peterhof_Palace-Tsaritsyn_Pavilion.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tsarina's Pavilion</div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peterhof_Palace&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Baroque_residences" title="List of Baroque residences">List of Baroque residences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medici_lions" title="Medici lions">Medici lions</a>; the inspiration for the palace's <i>Lion Cascade</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great_Statue" title="Peter the Great Statue">Peter the Great Statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Saint_Petersburg_and_Related_Groups_of_Monuments" title="Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments">Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Russia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Russia">List of World Heritage Sites in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_Russia" title="Seven Wonders of Russia">Seven Wonders of Russia</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peterhof_Palace&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a>⟩</span> is commonly/historically transliterated into Russian as <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/Ge_(Cyrillic)" title="Ge (Cyrillic)">г</a>⟩</span> (g), so German <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Peterhof</i></span></i> is transliterated as "Петергoф" <i>Petergof</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adrian Room, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PzIer-wYbnQC&pg=PA282">"Petrodvorets"</a>, <i>Placenames of the world: origins and meanings of the names for over 5000 Natural Features, Countries, Capitals, Territories, Cities and Historic sites</i> (1997) p. 282</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Peterhof">"Peterhof | Russia"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. 2015-06-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Peterhof+%7C+Russia&rft.date=2015-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FPeterhof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterhof+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saint-petersburg.com/peterhof/">"Peterhof (Petrodvorets)"</a>. <i>Saint-Petersburg.com</i>. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Saint-Petersburg.com&rft.atitle=Peterhof+%28Petrodvorets%29&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saint-petersburg.com%2Fpeterhof%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterhof+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saint-petersburg.com/famous-people/domenico-trezzini/">"Biography of Domenico Trezzini, architect in St. Petersburg"</a>. <i>www.saint-petersburg.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=courses.lumenlearning.com&rft.atitle=The+Modernization+of+Russia+%7C+Boundless+World+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcourses.lumenlearning.com%2Fboundless-worldhistory%2Fchapter%2Fthe-modernization-of-russia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterhof+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.peterhofmuseum.ru/objects/peterhof/dvorets_monplezir">"Государственный музей-заповедник "Петергоф"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>ГМЗ «Петергоф»</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%93%D0%9C%D0%97+%C2%AB%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84%C2%BB&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%22%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.peterhofmuseum.ru%2Fobjects%2Fpeterhof%2Fdvorets_monplezir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterhof+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saint-petersburg.com/peterhof/monplaisir/">"Monplaisir Palace, Peterhof, St. Petersburg"</a>. <i>www.saint-petersburg.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.saint-petersburg.com&rft.atitle=Monplaisir+Palace%2C+Peterhof%2C+St.+Petersburg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saint-petersburg.com%2Fpeterhof%2Fmonplaisir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterhof+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011225083141/http://www.peterhof.org/museums/monpl/ind1.html">"The Eastern Gallery"</a>. Peterhof State-Museum Reserve. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterhof.org/museums/monpl/ind1.html#2">the original</a> on 2001-12-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Eastern+Gallery&rft.pub=Peterhof+State-Museum+Reserve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterhof.org%2Fmuseums%2Fmonpl%2Find1.html%232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterhof+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061003133538/http://www.peterhof.org/museums/monpl/ind4.html">"The Maritime Study"</a>. Peterhof State-Museum Reserve. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peterhof.org/museums/monpl/ind4.html">the original</a> on 2006-10-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Maritime+Study&rft.pub=Peterhof+State-Museum+Reserve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peterhof.org%2Fmuseums%2Fmonpl%2Find4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterhof+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R.K. Massie, <i>Peter the Great: His life and world</i> (New York: Ballantine Books, 1986), p. 631.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outdoorfountainpros.com/blogs/news/133089091-the-quizzical-trick-fountains-of-peterhof-palace">"The Quizzical Trick Fountains of Peterhof Palace"</a>. <i>Outdoor Fountain Pros</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Outdoor+Fountain+Pros&rft.atitle=The+Quizzical+Trick+Fountains+of+Peterhof+Palace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outdoorfountainpros.com%2Fblogs%2Fnews%2F133089091-the-quizzical-trick-fountains-of-peterhof-palace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterhof+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saint-petersburg.com/peterhof/fountains-peterhof/">"Peterhof Fountains, St. Petersburg"</a>. <i>www.saint-petersburg.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.saint-petersburg.com&rft.atitle=Peterhof+Fountains%2C+St.+Petersburg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saint-petersburg.com%2Fpeterhof%2Ffountains-peterhof%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterhof+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stpetersburg-guide.com/history/petrodvorets.shtml">"Peterhof | History of St-Petersburg"</a>. <i>stpetersburg-guide.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stpetersburg-guide.com&rft.atitle=Peterhof+%26%23124%3B+History+of+St-Petersburg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstpetersburg-guide.com%2Fhistory%2Fpetrodvorets.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterhof+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saint-petersburg.com/peterhof/grand-palace/">"Grand Palace, Peterhof, St. Petersburg"</a>. <i>www.saint-petersburg.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.saint-petersburg.com&rft.atitle=Grand+Palace%2C+Peterhof%2C+St.+Petersburg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saint-petersburg.com%2Fpeterhof%2Fgrand-palace%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterhof+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-centralsector.narod.ru-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-centralsector.narod.ru_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://centralsector.narod.ru/misc/desc/desc5.htm">http://centralsector.narod.ru/misc/desc/desc5.htm</a> Кольцов Ю. В. Петергофский десант. Спб.:Издательско-полиграфический комплекс «Гангут», 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/pushkin-museum-head-on-why-russia-should-keep-looted-german-treasures-a-844109-3.html">"Curating under Communism: 'A Historic Lesson for the Entire World' - SPIEGEL ONLINE"</a>. Spiegel.de. 2012-07-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Curating+under+Communism%3A+%27A+Historic+Lesson+for+the+Entire+World%27+-+SPIEGEL+ONLINE&rft.pub=Spiegel.de&rft.date=2012-07-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fworld%2Fpushkin-museum-head-on-why-russia-should-keep-looted-german-treasures-a-844109-3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterhof+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saint-petersburg.com/peterhof/">"Peterhof (Petrodvorets), St. Petersburg, Russia"</a>. <i>www.saint-petersburg.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.saint-petersburg.com&rft.atitle=Peterhof+%28Petrodvorets%29%2C+St.+Petersburg%2C+Russia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saint-petersburg.com%2Fpeterhof%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterhof+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peterhof_Palace&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2006" class="citation book cs1">King, Greg (2006). <i>The Court of the Last Tsar</i>. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-72763-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-72763-7"><bdi>978-0-471-72763-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Court+of+the+Last+Tsar&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-471-72763-7&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Greg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeterhof+Palace" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Vernova, N (2004). <i>Peterhof: The Fountains</i>. St. Petersburg: Abris.</li> <li>Vernova, N (2004). <i>Peterhof: The Grand Palace</i>. St. Petersburg: Abris.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peterhof_Palace&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Palaces_of_Peterhof" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Palaces of Peterhof">Palaces of Peterhof</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.peterhofmuseum.ru/">Official website</a></span></span> available in Russian or English.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.around.spb.ru/maps/suburb/kronstadt_gen.gif">Map of Kronstadt</a> in Russian and English showing the central Island of the <a href="/wiki/Kronstadt" title="Kronstadt">Kronstadt</a> fortifications and Naval yard that Peter the Great constructed across the shallow <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a> to control access by water to <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a> after his armed forces took the area from <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> in 1703. Peter built Peterhof on the southern shore with a clear view of the Kronstadt fortifications and Naval yard.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=petrodvorets,+russia&ie=UTF8&t=k&om=1&ll=59.949509,29.96315&spn=0.255135,0.862427">Interactive satellite view map of Kronstadt, Peterhof, and St. Petersburg</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Kronstadt" title="Kronstadt">Kronstadt</a> Island harbor that Peter the Great built on what was <a href="/wiki/Kotlin_Island" title="Kotlin Island">Kotlin Island</a> is in the middle of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a>. The Kronstadt fortifications in shallow water stretch east and south from Kronstadt Island. Peterhof ("Petrodvorets" on this map) is southeast of Kronstadt Island on the shore. St. Petersburg is to the east on the River <a href="/wiki/Neva" title="Neva">Neva</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saint-petersburg.com/peterhof/monplaisir.asp">Official page for Monplaisir Palace</a>, the palace and personal retreat that Peter the Great designed and built for his own pleasure.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/27367864">Peterhof Palace</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peterhof_Palace&oldid=1250583580">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peterhof_Palace&oldid=1250583580</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Peterhof_Palace&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Mellk" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1728633697"> <span>Last edited on 11 October 2024, at 08:01</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterhof_(paleis)" title="Peterhof (paleis) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Peterhof (paleis)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81" title="بيترهوف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيترهوف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaciu_Peterhof" title="Palaciu Peterhof – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Palaciu Peterhof" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterhof_(saray-park_kompleksi)" title="Peterhof (saray-park kompleksi) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Peterhof (saray-park kompleksi)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84" title="Палацава-паркавы ансамбль Пецяргоф – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Палацава-паркавы ансамбль Пецяргоф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%84_(%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB)" title="Петерхоф (дворцово-парков ансамбъл) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Петерхоф (дворцово-парков ансамбъл)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palau_de_Peterhof" title="Palau de Peterhof – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Palau de Peterhof" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrodvorec_(pal%C3%A1c)" title="Petrodvorec (palác) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Petrodvorec (palác)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterhofs_palads" title="Peterhofs palads – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Peterhofs palads" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schloss_Peterhof" title="Schloss Peterhof – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schloss Peterhof" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%A0%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%86" title="Ανάκτορο Πέτερχοφ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανάκτορο Πέτερχοφ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palacio_de_Peterhof" title="Palacio de Peterhof – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Palacio de Peterhof" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterhofo_(palaco)" title="Peterhofo (palaco) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Peterhofo (palaco)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterhof_jauregia" title="Peterhof jauregia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Peterhof jauregia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AE_%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81" title="کاخ پترهوف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاخ پترهوف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_de_Peterhof" title="Palais de Peterhof – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Palais de Peterhof" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palacio_de_Peterhof" title="Palacio de Peterhof – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Palacio de Peterhof" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4%EA%B3%A0%ED%94%84%EA%B6%81" title="페테르고프궁 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페테르고프궁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%86%D5%AB_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BF" title="Պետերգոֆի պալատ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պետերգոֆի պալատ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2" title="पीटरहॉफ महल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पीटरहॉफ महल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterhof" title="Peterhof – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Peterhof" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaco_Peterhof" title="Palaco Peterhof – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Palaco Peterhof" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istana_Peterhof" title="Istana Peterhof – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Istana Peterhof" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggia_di_Peterhof" title="Reggia di Peterhof – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Reggia di Peterhof" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A3" title="מתחם הארמונות והגנים בפטרהוף – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מתחם הארמונות והגנים בפטרהוף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94" title="პეტერგოფის სასახლე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პეტერგოფის სასახლე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petri_aula_(palatium_et_horti)" title="Petri aula (palatium et horti) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Petri aula (palatium et horti)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlass_Peterhof" title="Schlass Peterhof – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Schlass Peterhof" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterhof" title="Peterhof – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Peterhof" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="പീറ്റർഹോഫ് പാലസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പീറ്റർഹോഫ് പാലസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleizencomplex_in_Peterhof" title="Paleizencomplex in Peterhof – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paleizencomplex in Peterhof" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterhof" title="Peterhof – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Peterhof" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterhof" title="Peterhof – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Peterhof" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84_(%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C)" title="Петергоф (дворцово-парковый ансамбль) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Петергоф (дворцово-парковый ансамбль)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petergof_(pal%C3%A1c)" title="Petergof (palác) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Petergof (palác)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pala%C4%8Da_Petergof" title="Palača Petergof – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Palača Petergof" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palata_Peterhof" title="Palata Peterhof – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Palata Peterhof" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietarhovin_palatsi" title="Pietarhovin palatsi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pietarhovin palatsi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterhofs_palats" title="Peterhofs palats – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Peterhofs palats" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F" title="พระราชวังเปเตียร์กอฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระราชวังเปเตียร์กอฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petergof_Saray%C4%B1" title="Petergof Sarayı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Petergof Sarayı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%8C)" title="Петергоф (палацово-парковий ансамбль) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Петергоф (палацово-парковий ансамбль)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cung_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_Peterhof" title="Cung điện Peterhof – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cung điện Peterhof" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palasyo_Peterhof" title="Palasyo Peterhof – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Palasyo Peterhof" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB%E5%AE%AB" title="彼得霍夫宫 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="彼得霍夫宫" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E8%B3%80%E5%A4%AB%E5%AE%AE" title="彼得賀夫宮 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="彼得賀夫宮" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB%E5%AE%AE" title="彼得霍夫宮 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="彼得霍夫宮" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 October 2024, at 08:01<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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