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</button> <ul id="toc-List_of_SI_prefixes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Rules</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Usage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Usage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples_of_powers_of_units_with_metric_prefixes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples_of_powers_of_units_with_metric_prefixes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Examples of powers of units with metric prefixes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples_of_powers_of_units_with_metric_prefixes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples_with_prefixes_and_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples_with_prefixes_and_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Examples with prefixes and powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples_with_prefixes_and_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Micro_symbol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Micro_symbol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Micro symbol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Micro_symbol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Keyboard_entry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keyboard_entry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Keyboard entry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keyboard_entry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Typesetting_in_Latex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typesetting_in_Latex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Typesetting in Latex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Typesetting_in_Latex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Application_to_units_of_measurement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Application_to_units_of_measurement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Application to units of measurement</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Application_to_units_of_measurement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Application to units of measurement subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Application_to_units_of_measurement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metric_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metric_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Metric units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metric_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mass" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Mass</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volume" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volume"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Volume</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volume-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Length" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Length"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Length</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Length-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Time" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Time</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Time-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Angle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.5</span> <span>Angle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temperature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temperature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.6</span> <span>Temperature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temperature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.7</span> <span>Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-metric_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-metric_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Non-metric units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-metric_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-standard_prefixes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-standard_prefixes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Non-standard prefixes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Non-standard_prefixes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Non-standard prefixes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Non-standard_prefixes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Obsolete_metric_prefixes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obsolete_metric_prefixes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Obsolete metric prefixes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obsolete_metric_prefixes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Double_prefixes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Double_prefixes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Double prefixes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Double_prefixes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_symbols_and_abbreviations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_symbols_and_abbreviations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Similar symbols and abbreviations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_symbols_and_abbreviations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Metric prefix</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سوابق النظام الدولي للوحدات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سوابق النظام الدولي للوحدات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="মেট্রিক উপসর্গ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেট্রিক উপসর্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%A1%D0%86" title="Прыстаўкі СІ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прыстаўкі СІ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%A1%D0%86" title="Прыстаўкі СІ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Прыстаўкі СІ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8_SI" title="Представки SI – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Представки SI" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefiksi_mjernih_jedinica" title="Prefiksi mjernih jedinica – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Prefiksi mjernih jedinica" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakgerio%C3%B9_ar_sistem_unanenno%C3%B9_etrebroadel" title="Rakgerioù ar sistem unanennoù etrebroadel – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rakgerioù ar sistem unanennoù etrebroadel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefixos_del_Sistema_Internacional" title="Prefixos del Sistema Internacional – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Prefixos del Sistema Internacional" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%98_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="СИ префиксĕсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="СИ префиксĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99edpona_soustavy_SI" title="Předpona soustavy SI – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Předpona soustavy SI" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhagddodiad_SI" title="Rhagddodiad SI – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhagddodiad SI" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI-pr%C3%A6fiks" title="SI-præfiks – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="SI-præfiks" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مسبقة ميترية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مسبقة ميترية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI-Vorsatz" title="SI-Vorsatz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="SI-Vorsatz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Chikute_detsimaaleesliited" title="Ühikute detsimaaleesliited – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ühikute detsimaaleesliited" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefijos_del_Sistema_Internacional" title="Prefijos del Sistema Internacional – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Prefijos del Sistema Internacional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dekoblaj_kaj_dekonaj_unuoj" title="Dekoblaj kaj dekonaj unuoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dekoblaj kaj dekonaj unuoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI_aurrizkiak" title="SI aurrizkiak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="SI aurrizkiak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%DB%8C" title="پیشوندهای اس‌آی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیشوندهای اس‌آی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI-prefiks" title="SI-prefiks – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="SI-prefiks" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fixes_du_Syst%C3%A8me_international_d%27unit%C3%A9s" title="Préfixes du Système international d'unités – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Préfixes du Système international d'unités" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI-foarheaksel" title="SI-foarheaksel – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="SI-foarheaksel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI_%EC%A0%91%EB%91%90%EC%96%B4" title="SI 접두어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="SI 접두어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Տասնորդական նախածանցներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տասնորդական նախածանցներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="SI उपसर्ग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="SI उपसर्ग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predmetci_(prefiksi)_mjernih_jedinica" title="Predmetci (prefiksi) mjernih jedinica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Predmetci (prefiksi) mjernih jedinica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awalan_SI" title="Awalan SI – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Awalan SI" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefixo_del_SI" title="Prefixo del SI – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Prefixo del SI" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forskeyti_SI-kerfisins" title="Forskeyti SI-kerfisins – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Forskeyti SI-kerfisins" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefissi_del_Sistema_internazionale_di_unit%C3%A0_di_misura" title="Prefissi del Sistema internazionale di unità di misura – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Prefissi del Sistema internazionale di unità di misura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%97%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="תחיליות במערכת היחידות הבין-לאומית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תחיליות במערכת היחידות הבין-לאומית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ater-ater_SI" title="Ater-ater SI – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ater-ater SI" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="სი თავსართები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სი თავსართები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metriskie_pried%C4%93k%C4%BCi" title="Metriskie priedēkļi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Metriskie priedēkļi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ABscht_vun_de_Prefixe_fir_Moosseenheeten" title="Lëscht vun de Prefixe fir Moosseenheeten – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lëscht vun de Prefixe fir Moosseenheeten" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI_sistemos_prie%C5%A1d%C4%97liai" title="SI sistemos priešdėliai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="SI sistemos priešdėliai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefisas_de_la_sistem_de_metres" title="Prefisas de la sistem de metres – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Prefisas de la sistem de metres" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI-prefixum" title="SI-prefixum – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="SI-prefixum" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="SI-претставка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="SI-претставка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awalan_metrik" title="Awalan metrik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Awalan metrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI-voorvoegsel" title="SI-voorvoegsel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="SI-voorvoegsel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI%E6%8E%A5%E9%A0%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="SI接頭語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="SI接頭語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI-prefiks" title="SI-prefiks – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="SI-prefiks" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI-prefiks" title="SI-prefiks – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="SI-prefiks" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefixe_dau_Sist%C3%A8ma_Internacionau" title="Prefixe dau Sistèma Internacionau – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Prefixe dau Sistèma Internacionau" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7" title="បុព្វបទនៅក្នុងប្រព័ន្ធខ្នាតអន្តរជាតិ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បុព្វបទនៅក្នុងប្រព័ន្ធខ្នាតអន្តរជាតិ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przedrostek_SI" title="Przedrostek SI – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przedrostek SI" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefixos_do_Sistema_Internacional_de_Unidades" title="Prefixos do Sistema Internacional de Unidades – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Prefixos do Sistema Internacional de Unidades" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefix_SI" title="Prefix SI – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Prefix SI" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8B_SI" title="Префиксы SI – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Префиксы SI" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%98" title="Приставки СИ – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Приставки СИ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parashtesat_e_Sistemit_Nd%C3%ABrkomb%C3%ABtar" title="Parashtesat e Sistemit Ndërkombëtar – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Parashtesat e Sistemit Ndërkombëtar" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prifissi_d%C3%BB_Sistema_%27ntirnazziunali_di_unitati_di_misura" title="Prifissi dû Sistema 'ntirnazziunali di unitati di misura – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Prifissi dû Sistema 'ntirnazziunali di unitati di misura" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predpone_SI" title="Predpone SI – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Predpone SI" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przedrostek_SI" title="Przedrostek SI – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Przedrostek SI" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B3_%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="پێشگرەکانی ئێس ئای – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێشگرەکانی ئێس ئای" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%98_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="СИ префикс – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="СИ префикс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI_prefiks" title="SI prefiks – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="SI prefiks" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI-etuliite" title="SI-etuliite – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="SI-etuliite" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI-prefix" title="SI-prefix – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="SI-prefix" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD" title="คำอุปสรรคเอสไอ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คำอุปสรรคเอสไอ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Префікси одиниць вимірювання – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Префікси одиниць вимірювання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1%DA%A9_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82%DB%81_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="میٹرک سابقہ جات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میٹرک سابقہ جات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BB%81n_t%E1%BB%91_SI" title="Tiền tố SI – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiền tố SI" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6%E8%AF%8D%E5%A4%B4" title="国际单位制词头 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="国际单位制词头" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E5%9C%8B%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D%E5%AD%97%E9%A0%AD" title="萬國單位字頭 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="萬國單位字頭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6%E8%AF%8D%E5%A4%B4" title="国际单位制词头 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="国际单位制词头" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q131299#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Order of magnitude indicator</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For use of measurement as a form of social power, see <a href="/wiki/Metric_power" title="Metric power">metric power</a>.</div> <p> A <b>metric prefix</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Unit_prefix" title="Unit prefix">unit prefix</a> that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a <a href="/wiki/Multiple_(mathematics)" title="Multiple (mathematics)">multiple or submultiple</a> of the unit. All metric prefixes used today are <a href="/wiki/Decimal" title="Decimal">decadic</a>. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to any unit symbol. The prefix <i><a href="/wiki/Kilo-" title="Kilo-">kilo-</a></i>, for example, may be added to <i>gram</i> to indicate <i>multiplication</i> by one thousand: one <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kilogram</a> is equal to one thousand grams. The prefix <i><a href="/wiki/Milli-" title="Milli-">milli-</a></i>, likewise, may be added to <i>metre</i> to indicate <i>division</i> by one thousand; one millimetre is equal to one thousandth of a metre. </p><p>Decimal multiplicative prefixes have been a feature of all forms of the <a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">metric system</a>, with six of these dating back to the system's introduction in the 1790s. Metric prefixes have also been used with some non-metric units. The <b>SI prefixes</b> are metric prefixes that were standardised for use in the <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units</a> (SI) by the <a href="/wiki/International_Bureau_of_Weights_and_Measures" title="International Bureau of Weights and Measures">International Bureau of Weights and Measures</a> (BIPM) in resolutions dating from 1960 to 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-prefixes_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prefixes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-res2022_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-res2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2009, they have formed part of the <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000" title="ISO/IEC 80000">ISO/IEC 80000</a> standard. They are also used in the <a href="/wiki/Unified_Code_for_Units_of_Measure" title="Unified Code for Units of Measure">Unified Code for Units of Measure</a> (UCUM). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_SI_prefixes">List of SI prefixes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List of SI prefixes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Atto_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Atto (disambiguation)">Atto (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exa_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Exa (disambiguation)">Exa (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peta_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Peta (disambiguation)">Peta (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pico_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Pico (disambiguation)">Pico (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quetta_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Quetta (disambiguation)">Quetta (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronto_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ronto (disambiguation)">Ronto (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tera_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Tera (disambiguation)">Tera (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Femto" redirects here. For the character, see <a href="/wiki/Griffith_(Berserk)" title="Griffith (Berserk)">Griffith (Berserk)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ronna-" redirects here. For the name, see <a href="/wiki/Ronna" title="Ronna">Ronna</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Yocto" redirects here. For the Linux Foundation open-source project, see <a href="/wiki/Yocto_Project" title="Yocto Project">Yocto Project</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Yotta" redirects here. For the prize-linked savings account, see <a href="/wiki/Yotta_Savings" title="Yotta Savings">Yotta Savings</a>. For the Finnish musician, see <a href="/wiki/Yotto" title="Yotto">Yotto</a>. For similar terms, see <a href="/wiki/Yota_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Yota (disambiguation)">Yota (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Zepto" redirects here. For the Indian Q-commerce company, see <a href="/wiki/Zepto_(company)" title="Zepto (company)">Zepto (company)</a>.</div> <p>The BIPM specifies twenty-four <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units#Prefixes" title="International System of Units">prefixes for the International System of Units (SI)</a>. <span class="anchor" id="SI_prefixes_table"></span> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="padding: 0; text-align: center; width: 0"> <caption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1045256916">.mw-parser-output .navbar-header{text-align:center;position:relative;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbar-header .navbar{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;margin:0 5px}</style><div class="navbar-header"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SI prefixes</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SI_prefixes_(infobox)" title="Template:SI prefixes (infobox)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SI_prefixes_(infobox)" title="Template talk:SI prefixes (infobox)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SI_prefixes_(infobox)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SI prefixes (infobox)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Prefix</th> <th rowspan="2">Base 10 </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Decimal" title="Decimal">Decimal</a> </th> <th rowspan="2">Adoption<br /><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Symbol </th></tr> <tr> <td>quetta</td> <td>Q</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1030" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">10<sup>30</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">1<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span></td> <td rowspan="2">2022<sup id="cite_ref-newUnitAdoption_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newUnitAdoption-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ronna</td> <td>R</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1027" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">10<sup>27</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">1<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>yotta</td> <td>Y</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1024" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">10<sup>24</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">1<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span></td> <td rowspan="2">1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td>zetta</td> <td>Z</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1021" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">10<sup>21</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">1<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>exa</td> <td>E</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1018" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">10<sup>18</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">1<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span></td> <td rowspan="2">1975<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>peta</td> <td>P</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1015" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">10<sup>15</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">1<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>tera</td> <td>T</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#1012" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">10<sup>12</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">1<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span></td> <td rowspan="2">1960 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Giga-" title="Giga-">giga</a></td> <td>G</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/1,000,000,000" title="1,000,000,000">10<sup>9</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">1<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mega-" title="Mega-">mega</a></td> <td>M</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/1,000,000" title="1,000,000">10<sup>6</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">1<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span></td> <td>1873 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kilo-" title="Kilo-">kilo</a></td> <td>k</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/1000_(number)" title="1000 (number)">10<sup>3</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">1<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span></td> <td rowspan="3">1795 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hecto-" title="Hecto-">hecto</a></td> <td>h</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/100" title="100">10<sup>2</sup></a></td> <td style="text-align:right; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;">100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deca-" title="Deca-">deca</a></td> <td>da</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/10" title="10">10<sup>1</sup></a></td> <td style="text-align:right; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;">10 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EAECF0;color:black;"> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/1" title="1">10<sup>0</sup></a></td> <td style="font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;">1</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deci-" title="Deci-">deci</a></td> <td>d</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#10-1" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">10<sup>−1</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;">0.1</td> <td rowspan="3">1795 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Centi-" title="Centi-">centi</a></td> <td>c</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#10−2" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">10<sup>−2</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;">0.01 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Milli-" title="Milli-">milli</a></td> <td>m</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#10−3" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">10<sup>−3</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;">0.001 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Micro-" title="Micro-">micro</a></td> <td>μ</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#10−6" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">10<sup>−6</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">0.000<span style="margin-left:0.25em">001</span></span></td> <td>1873 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nano-" title="Nano-">nano</a></td> <td>n</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#10−9" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">10<sup>−9</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">0.000<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">001</span></span></td> <td rowspan="2">1960 </td></tr> <tr> <td>pico</td> <td>p</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#10−12" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">10<sup>−12</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">0.000<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">001</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>femto</td> <td>f</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#10−15" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">10<sup>−15</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">0.000<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">001</span></span></td> <td rowspan="2">1964 </td></tr> <tr> <td>atto</td> <td>a</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#10−18" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">10<sup>−18</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">0.000<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">001</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>zepto</td> <td>z</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#10−21" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">10<sup>−21</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">0.000<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">001</span></span></td> <td rowspan="2">1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td>yocto</td> <td>y</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#10−24" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">10<sup>−24</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">0.000<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">001</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ronto</td> <td>r</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#10−27" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">10<sup>−27</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">0.000<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">001</span></span></td> <td rowspan="2">2022<sup id="cite_ref-newUnitAdoption_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newUnitAdoption-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>quecto</td> <td>q</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)#10−30" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">10<sup>−30</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:left; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">0.000<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">001</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;" colspan="5"> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prefixes adopted before 1960 already existed before SI. The introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units" title="Centimetre–gram–second system of units">CGS system</a> was in 1873.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The first uses of prefixes in SI date back to the definition of kilogram after the French Revolution at the end of the 18th century. Several more prefixes came into use, and were recognised by the 1947 <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">IUPAC</a> 14th International Conference of Chemistry<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before being officially adopted for the first time in 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-res12_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-res12-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most recent prefixes adopted were <i>ronna-</i>, <i>quetta-</i>, <i>ronto-</i>, and <i>quecto-</i> in 2022, after a proposal from British metrologist Richard J. C. Brown. The large prefixes <i>ronna-</i> and <i>quetta-</i> were adopted in anticipation of needs for use in data science, and because unofficial prefixes that did not meet SI requirements were already circulating. The small prefixes were also added, even without such a driver, in order to maintain symmetry.<sup id="cite_ref-earth-electron_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earth-electron-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prefixes from <i>tera-</i> to <i>quetta-</i> are based on the Ancient Greek or Ancient Latin numbers from 4 to 10, referring to the 4th through 10th powers of 10<sup>3</sup>. The initial letter <i>h</i> has been removed from some of these stems and the initial letters <i>z</i>, <i>y</i>, <i>r</i>, and <i>q</i> have been added, ascending in reverse alphabetical order, to avoid confusion with other metric prefixes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rules">Rules</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The symbols for the units of measure are combined with the symbols for each prefix name. The SI symbols for kilometre, kilogram, and kilowatt, for instance, are km, kg, and kW, respectively. (The symbol for kilo- is k.) Except for the early prefixes of <i>kilo-</i>, <i>hecto-</i>, and <i>deca-</i>, the symbols for the prefixes for multiples are uppercase letters, and those for the prefixes for submultiples are lowercase letters.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>All of the metric prefix symbols are made from upper- and lower-case <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin letters</a> except for the symbol for <i>micro</i>, which is uniquely a Greek letter <a href="/wiki/Mu_(letter)" title="Mu (letter)"><span class="texhtml">μ</span></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The prefix symbols are always prepended to the symbol for the unit without any intervening space or punctuation.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This distinguishes a prefixed unit symbol from the product of unit symbols, for which a space or mid-height dot as separator is required. So, for instance, while 'ms' means millisecond, 'm s' or 'm·s' means metre-second.</li> <li>Prefixes corresponding to an integer power of one thousand are generally preferred; the prefixes corresponding to tens (deci-, deca-) and hundreds (centi-, hecto-) are less common and are disfavoured in certain fields. Hence, 100 m is preferred over 1 hm (hectometre) or 10 dam (decametres). The prefixes <i>deci-</i> and <i>centi-</i>, and less frequently <i>hecto-</i> and <i>deca-</i>, are generally used for informal purposes; the centimetre (cm) is especially common. Some modern building codes require that the millimetre be used in preference to the centimetre, because "use of centimetres leads to extensive usage of decimal points and confusion".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These prefixes are also commonly used to create metric units corresponding to older conventional units, for example <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectares</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hectopascal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hectopascal">hectopascals</a>.</li> <li>Prefixes may not be used in combination on a single symbol. This includes the case of the base unit kilogram, which already contains a prefix. For example, milligram (mg) is used instead of microkilogram (μkg).</li> <li>During mathematical operations, prefixes are treated as multiplicative factors. For example, 5 km is treated as 5000 m, which allows all quantities based on the same unit to be <a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_units#Factor–label_method" title="Conversion of units">factored together</a> even if they have different prefixes.</li> <li>A prefix symbol attached to a unit symbol is included when the unit is raised to a power. For example, 1 km<sup>2</sup> denotes 1 km × 1 km = 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>2</sup>, not 10<sup>3</sup> m<sup>2</sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The mass of an <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electron</a> is about 1 rg (rontogram).<sup id="cite_ref-earth-electron_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earth-electron-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The mass of 1 litre of <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> is about 1 kg (kilogram).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The mass of the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> is about 6 Rg (ronnagrams).<sup id="cite_ref-earth-electron_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earth-electron-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The mass of <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> is about 2 Qg (quettagrams).<sup id="cite_ref-earth-electron_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earth-electron-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples_of_powers_of_units_with_metric_prefixes">Examples of powers of units with metric prefixes<span class="anchor" id="Metric_powers"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Examples of powers of units with metric prefixes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1 km<sup>2</sup> means one <a href="/wiki/Square_kilometre" title="Square kilometre">square kilometre</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">area</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Square_(geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Square (geometry)">square</a> of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003100000000000000♠"></span>1000 m</span> by <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003100000000000000♠"></span>1000 m</span>. In other words, an area of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006100000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Square_metre" title="Square metre">square metres</a> and not <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003100000000000000♠"></span>1000</span> <a href="/wiki/Square_metre" title="Square metre">square metres</a>.</li> <li>2 Mm<sup>3</sup> means two cubic <a href="/wiki/Megametre" class="mw-redirect" title="Megametre">megametres</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a> of two <a href="/wiki/Cube" title="Cube">cubes</a> of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006100000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> m</span> by <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006100000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> m</span> by <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006100000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> m</span>, i.e. <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7018200000000000000♠"></span>2<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>18</sup> m<sup>3</sup></span>, and not <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006200000000000000♠"></span>2<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cubic_metre" title="Cubic metre">cubic metres</a> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006200000000000000♠"></span>2<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup></span>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples_with_prefixes_and_powers">Examples with prefixes and powers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Examples with prefixes and powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997500000000000000♠"></span>5 mV</span> × <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997500000000000000♠"></span>5 mA</span> = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997500000000000000♠"></span>5<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−3</sup> V</span> × <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997500000000000000♠"></span>5<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−3</sup> A</span> = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6995249999999999999♠"></span>25<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−6</sup> V⋅A</span> = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6995249999999999999♠"></span>25 μW</span>.</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997500000000000000♠"></span>5.00 mV</span> + <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6995099999999999999♠"></span>10 μV</span> = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997500000000000000♠"></span>5.00 mV</span> + <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6995100000000000000♠"></span>0.01 mV</span> = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997501000000000000♠"></span>5.01 mV</span>.</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998500000000000000♠"></span>5 cm</span> = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998500000000000000♠"></span>5<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−2</sup> m</span> = <span class="nowrap">5 × 0.01 m</span> = 0.05 m.</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006900000000000000♠"></span>9 km<sup>2</sup></span> = <span class="nowrap">9 × (10<sup>3</sup> m)<sup>2</sup></span> = <span class="nowrap">9 × (10<sup>3</sup>)<sup>2</sup> × m<sup>2</sup></span> = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006900000000000000♠"></span>9<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>2</sup></span> = <span class="nowrap">9 × <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006100000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> m<sup>2</sup></span></span> = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006900000000000000♠"></span>9<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> m<sup>2</sup></span>.</li> <li>3 MW = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006300000000000000♠"></span>3<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>6</sup> W</span> = 3 × <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006100000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> W</span> = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006300000000000000♠"></span>3<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span> W</span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Micro_symbol">Micro symbol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Micro symbol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Micro-" title="Micro-">Micro-</a></div> <p>When <i>mega</i> and <i>micro</i> were adopted in 1873, there were then three prefixes starting with "m", so it was necessary to use some other symbol besides upper and lowercase 'm'. Eventually the Greek letter "μ" was adopted. </p><p>However, with the lack of a "μ" key on most typewriters, as well as computer keyboards, various other abbreviations remained common, including "mc", "mic", and "u". </p><p>From about 1960 onwards, "u" prevailed in type-written documents.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>, <a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a>, and other common encodings lacked code-points for "<span class="texhtml">μ</span>", this tradition remained even as computers replaced typewriters. </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-1">ISO 8859-1</a> was created, it included the "<span class="texhtml">μ</span>" symbol for <i>micro</i> at codepoint <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">0xB5</code>; later, the whole of ISO 8859-1 was incorporated into the initial version of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>. Many fonts that support both characters render them identical, but because the micro sign and the Greek lower-case letter have different applications (normally, a Greek letter would be used with other Greek letters, but the micro sign is never used like that), some fonts render them differently, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Linux_Libertine" title="Linux Libertine">Linux Libertine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Segoe_UI" class="mw-redirect" title="Segoe UI">Segoe UI</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Keyboard_entry">Keyboard entry</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Keyboard entry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most English-language keyboards do not have a "<span class="texhtml">μ</span>" key, so it is necessary to use a key-code; this varies depending on the operating system, physical keyboard layout, and user's language. </p> <dl><dt>For all keyboard layouts</dt> <dd> <ul><li>On <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> systems, <ul><li>arbitrary Unicode codepoints can be entered in decimal with: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd> sustained, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">0</kbd> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">1</kbd> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">8</kbd> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">1</kbd>, and releasing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>. A leading "0" is required<br /> (this registers as the corresponding Unicode hexadecimal code-point, 0xB5 = 181.), or</li> <li>arbitrary Unicode codepoints can be entered in hexadecimal as: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">+</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">b</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">5</kbd><br /> (up to 5 hexadecimal characters, not counting the leading '+', upper or lower case), or</li> <li>in the tradition of MS-DOS, <a href="/wiki/CP437" class="mw-redirect" title="CP437">IBM code page 437</a> one can also enter old code-points in decimal: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">2</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">3</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">0</kbd><br /> (the leading zero must be omitted);</li></ul></li> <li>On <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> systems, <ul><li>under X11, when a <a href="/wiki/Compose_key" title="Compose key">Compose key</a> has been enabled: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Compose</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">m</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">u</kbd></li> <li>under X11, with <i>ibus</i> version 1.5.19 (or higher) active, and a non-composing input method selected: The default keybinding for starting codepoint input is <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">u</kbd>. The key sequence <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">u</kbd> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">b</kbd> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">5</kbd> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">space</kbd> then produces U+00B5, the micro sign.</li> <li>on the VGA console's virtual terminals like tty1: arbitrary Unicode codepoints can be entered in decimal as: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd> sustained, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">1</kbd> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">8</kbd> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">1</kbd>, and releasing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>. A leading "0" is not required.</li></ul></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>For QWERTY keyboard layouts</dt> <dd> <ul><li>On <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> systems, <ul><li>code-point U+00b5 can be entered as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">right-alt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">m</kbd> (provided the right <a href="/wiki/Alt_key" title="Alt key">alt key</a> is configured to act as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">AltGr</code>).</li></ul></li> <li>On <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">MacOS</a> systems, code-point U+00b5 can be entered as either <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌥ Opt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">m</kbd> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌥ Opt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Y</kbd>.</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Typesetting_in_Latex">Typesetting in Latex</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Typesetting in Latex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a> typesetting system features an <i>SIunitx</i> package in which the units of measurement are spelled out, for example, <br /> <code>\qty{3}{\tera\hertz}</code> formats as "3 THz".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Application_to_units_of_measurement">Application to units of measurement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Application to units of measurement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of prefixes can be traced back to the introduction of the metric system in the 1790s, long before the 1960 introduction of the SI.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The prefixes, including those introduced after 1960, are used with any metric unit, whether officially included in the SI or not (e.g., millidyne and milligauss). Metric prefixes may also be used with some non-metric units, but not, for example, with the non-SI units of time.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metric_units">Metric units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Metric units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mass">Mass</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mass"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The units <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kilogram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">gram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milligram" class="mw-redirect" title="Milligram">milligram</a>, microgram, and smaller are commonly used for measurement of <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a>. However, megagram, gigagram, and larger are rarely used; <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a> (and kilotonnes, megatonnes, etc.) or <a href="/wiki/Scientific_notation" title="Scientific notation">scientific notation</a> are used instead. The megagram does not share the risk of confusion that the tonne has with other units with the name "ton". </p><p>The kilogram is the only coherent unit of the <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units</a> that includes a metric prefix.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 144">: 144 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Volume">Volume</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Volume"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Litre" title="Litre">litre</a> (equal to a cubic decimetre), millilitre (equal to a cubic centimetre), microlitre, and smaller are common. In Europe, the centilitre is often used for liquids, and the decilitre is used less frequently. Bulk agricultural products, such as grain, beer and wine, often use the hectolitre (100 litres).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Larger volumes are usually denoted in kilolitres, megalitres or gigalitres, or else in cubic metres (1 cubic metre = 1 kilolitre) or cubic kilometres (1 cubic kilometre = 1 teralitre). For scientific purposes, the cubic metre is usually used.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Length">Length</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Length"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The kilometre, metre, centimetre, millimetre, and smaller units are common. The decimetre is rarely used. The micrometre is often referred to by the older non-SI name <i><a href="/wiki/Micrometre#SI_standardization" title="Micrometre">micron</a></i>, which is officially deprecated. In some fields, such as <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Angstrom" title="Angstrom">ångström</a> (0.1 nm) has been used commonly instead of the nanometre. The <a href="/wiki/Femtometre" title="Femtometre">femtometre</a>, used mainly in particle physics, is sometimes called a <a href="/wiki/Fermi_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermi (unit)">fermi</a>. For large scales, megametre, gigametre, and larger are rarely used. Instead, ad hoc non-metric units are used, such as the <a href="/wiki/Solar_radius" title="Solar radius">solar radius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">astronomical units</a>, <a href="/wiki/Light_year" class="mw-redirect" title="Light year">light years</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">parsecs</a>; the astronomical unit is mentioned in the SI standards as an accepted non-SI unit.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Time">Time</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Time"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Metric_time" title="Metric time">Metric time</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(time)" title="Orders of magnitude (time)">Orders of magnitude (time)</a></div> <p>Prefixes for the SI standard unit <a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">second</a> are most commonly encountered for quantities less than one second. For larger quantities, the system of <a href="/wiki/Minute" title="Minute">minutes</a> (60 seconds), <a href="/wiki/Hour" title="Hour">hours</a> (60 minutes) and <a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">days</a> (24 hours) is <a href="/wiki/Non-SI_units_mentioned_in_the_SI" title="Non-SI units mentioned in the SI">accepted for use with the SI</a> and more commonly used. When speaking of spans of time, the length of the day is usually standardised to <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004864000000000000♠"></span>86<span style="margin-left:.25em;">400</span></span> seconds so as not to create issues with the irregular <a href="/wiki/Leap_second" title="Leap second">leap second</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Larger multiples of the second such as kiloseconds and megaseconds are occasionally encountered in scientific contexts, but are seldom used in common parlance. For long-scale scientific work, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Julian_year_(astronomy)" title="Julian year (astronomy)">Julian year</a> or <i>annum</i> (a) is a standardised variant of the <a href="/wiki/Year" title="Year">year</a>, equal to exactly <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007315576000000000♠"></span>31<span style="margin-left:.25em;">557</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">600</span></span> seconds (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214402035">.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.0em 0.1em;border-bottom:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.1em 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="sfrac">⁠365<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="tion"><span class="num"> 1 </span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">4</span></span>⁠</span> days). The unit is so named because it was the average length of a year in the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>. Long time periods are then expressed by using metric prefixes with the annum, such as megaannum (Ma) or <a href="/wiki/Gigaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigaannum">gigaannum</a> (Ga).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Angle">Angle</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Angle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SI unit of angle is the <a href="/wiki/Radian" title="Radian">radian</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">degrees</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Minutes_and_seconds_of_arc" class="mw-redirect" title="Minutes and seconds of arc">arc-minutes and arc-seconds</a>, see some scientific use.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Temperature">Temperature</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Temperature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Common practice does not typically use the flexibility allowed by official policy in the case of the degree Celsius (°C). NIST states:<sup id="cite_ref-Special_Publication_811_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Special_Publication_811-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Prefix symbols may be used with the unit symbol °C and prefix names may be used with the unit name <i>degree Celsius</i>. For example, 12 m°C (12 millidegrees Celsius) is acceptable." In practice, it is more common for prefixes to be used with the <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvin</a> when it is desirable to denote extremely large or small absolute temperatures or temperature differences. Thus, temperatures of star interiors may be given with the unit of MK (megakelvin), and molecular cooling may be given with the unit mK (millikelvin).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Energy">Energy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In use the <a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">joule</a> and kilojoule are common, with larger multiples seen in limited contexts. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt-hour" title="Kilowatt-hour">kilowatt-hour</a>, a composite unit formed from the <a href="/wiki/Watt#Kilowatt" title="Watt">kilowatt</a> and hour, is often used for electrical energy; other multiples can be formed by modifying the prefix of watt (e.g. terawatt-hour).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There exist a number of definitions for the non-SI unit, the <a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">calorie</a>. There are gram calories and kilogram calories. One kilogram calorie, which equals one thousand gram calories, often appears capitalised and without a prefix (i.e. <i>Cal</i>) when referring to "<a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">dietary calories</a>" in food.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is common to apply metric prefixes to the gram calorie, but not to the kilogram calorie: thus, 1 kcal = 1000 cal = 1 Cal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-metric_units">Non-metric units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Non-metric units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Metric prefixes are widely used outside the metric SI system. Common examples include the <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">megabyte</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Decibel" title="Decibel">decibel</a>. Metric prefixes rarely appear with <a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">imperial</a> or <a href="/wiki/United_States_customary_units" title="United States customary units">US</a> units except in some special cases (e.g., microinch, kilofoot, <a href="/wiki/Kilopound" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilopound">kilopound</a>). They are also used with other specialised units used in particular fields (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Megaelectronvolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaelectronvolt">megaelectronvolt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gigaparsec" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigaparsec">gigaparsec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millibarn" class="mw-redirect" title="Millibarn">millibarn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kilodalton" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilodalton">kilodalton</a>). In astronomy, geology, and palaeontology, the <a href="/wiki/Year#Symbols" title="Year">year</a>, with symbol 'a' (from the Latin <i>annus</i>), is commonly used with metric prefixes: <a href="/wiki/Kiloannus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiloannus">ka</a>, Ma, and Ga.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Official policies about the use of SI prefixes with non-SI units vary slightly between the <a href="/wiki/International_Bureau_of_Weights_and_Measures" title="International Bureau of Weights and Measures">International Bureau of Weights and Measures</a> (BIPM) and the American <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a> (NIST). For instance, the NIST advises that "to avoid confusion, prefix symbols (and prefix names) are not used with the time-related unit symbols (names) min (minute), h (hour), d (day); nor with the angle-related symbols (names) ° (degree), ′ (minute), and ″ (second)",<sup id="cite_ref-Special_Publication_811_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Special_Publication_811-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas the BIPM adds information about the use of prefixes with the symbol <i>as</i> for arcsecond when they state: "However astronomers use milliarcsecond, which they denote mas, and microarcsecond, μas, which they use as units for measuring very small angles."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-standard_prefixes">Non-standard prefixes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Non-standard prefixes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Unit_prefix#Unofficial_prefixes" title="Unit prefix">Unit prefix § Unofficial prefixes</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Myriameterstein36R%C3%BCdesheimRhein.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Myriameterstein36R%C3%BCdesheimRhein.JPG/220px-Myriameterstein36R%C3%BCdesheimRhein.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Myriameterstein36R%C3%BCdesheimRhein.JPG/330px-Myriameterstein36R%C3%BCdesheimRhein.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Myriameterstein36R%C3%BCdesheimRhein.JPG/440px-Myriameterstein36R%C3%BCdesheimRhein.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Distance marker on the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> at <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCdesheim_am_Rhein" title="Rüdesheim am Rhein">Rüdesheim</a>: 36 (XXXVI) myriametres from <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>. The stated distance is 360 km; the <a href="/wiki/Decimal_mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal mark">decimal mark</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> is a comma.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obsolete_metric_prefixes"><span class="anchor" id="myria"></span><span class="anchor" id="myrio"></span><span class="anchor" id="hebdo"></span><span class="anchor" id="micri"></span><span class="anchor" id="double"></span><span class="anchor" id="demi"></span><span class="anchor" id="Obsolete"></span>Obsolete metric prefixes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Obsolete metric prefixes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the prefixes formerly used in the metric system have fallen into disuse and were not adopted into the SI.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brewster_1830_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brewster_1830-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brewster_1832_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brewster_1832-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decimal prefix for ten thousand, <i><a href="/wiki/Myria-" title="Myria-">myria-</a></i> (sometimes spelt <i><a href="/wiki/Myrio-" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrio-">myrio-</a></i>), and the early <a href="#Binary_prefixes">binary prefixes</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS"><span title="The anchor (Binary prefixes) has been deleted. (2024-05-26)">broken anchor</span></a></i>]</sup> <i>double-</i> (2×) and <i>demi-</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">2</span></span>⁠</span>×) were parts of the original metric system adopted by France in 1795,<sup id="cite_ref-fr_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fr-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but were not retained when the SI prefixes were internationally adopted by the 11th <a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9rence_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_poids_et_mesures" class="mw-redirect" title="Conférence générale des poids et mesures">CGPM conference</a> in 1960. </p><p>Other metric prefixes used historically include <a href="/wiki/Hebdo-" title="Hebdo-">hebdo-</a> (10<sup><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000700000000000000♠"></span>7</span></sup>) and <a href="/wiki/Micri-" title="Micri-">micri-</a> (10<sup>−14</sup>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Double_prefixes"><span class="anchor" id="dimi"></span><span class="anchor" id="Double_prefix"></span> Double prefixes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Double prefixes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Double prefixes have been used in the past, such as <i>micromillimetres</i> or <i>millimicrons</i> (now <a href="/wiki/Nanometre" title="Nanometre">nanometres</a>), <i>micromicrofarads</i> (μμF; now <a href="/wiki/Picofarad" class="mw-redirect" title="Picofarad">picofarads</a>, pF), <i>kilomegatonnes</i> (now <a href="/wiki/Gigatonne" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigatonne">gigatonnes</a>), <i>hectokilometres</i> (now 100 <a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">kilometres</a>) and the derived adjective <i>hectokilometric</i> (typically used for qualifying the fuel consumption measures).<sup id="cite_ref-Rowlett_2008_Millimicro_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowlett_2008_Millimicro-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are not compatible with the SI. </p><p>Other obsolete double prefixes included "decimilli-" (10<sup>−4</sup>), which was contracted to "dimi-"<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and standardised in France up to 1961. </p><p>There are no more letters of the Latin alphabet available for new prefixes (all the unused letters are already used for units). As such, Richard J.C. Brown (who proposed the prefixes adopted for 10<sup>±27</sup> and 10<sup>±30</sup>) has proposed a reintroduction of compound prefixes (e.g. <i>kiloquetta-</i> for 10<sup><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001330000000000000♠"></span>33</span></sup>) if a driver for prefixes at such scales ever materialises, with a restriction that the last prefix must always be <i>quetta-</i> or <i>quecto-</i>. This usage has not been approved by the BIPM.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_symbols_and_abbreviations">Similar symbols and abbreviations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Similar symbols and abbreviations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In written English, the symbol <i>K</i> is often used informally to indicate a multiple of thousand in many contexts. For example, one may talk of a <i>40K salary</i> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004400000000000000♠"></span>40<span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span></span>), or call the <a href="/wiki/Year_2000_problem" title="Year 2000 problem">Year 2000 problem</a> the <i>Y2K problem</i>. In these cases, an uppercase K is often used with an implied unit (although it could then be confused with the symbol for the kelvin temperature unit if the context is unclear). This informal postfix is read or spoken as "thousand", "grand", or just "k". </p><p>The financial and general news media mostly use m or M, b or B, and t or T as abbreviations for million, billion (10<sup>9</sup>) and trillion (10<sup>12</sup>), respectively, for large quantities, typically currency<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and population.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">automotive</a> fields in the United States use the abbreviations <i>cc</i> or <i>ccm</i> for cubic centimetres. One <a href="/wiki/Cubic_centimetre" title="Cubic centimetre">cubic centimetre</a> is equal to one <a href="/wiki/Millilitre" class="mw-redirect" title="Millilitre">millilitre</a>. </p><p>For nearly a century, engineers used the abbreviation <i>MCM</i> to designate a "thousand <a href="/wiki/Circular_mil" title="Circular mil">circular mils</a>" in specifying the cross-sectional area of large <a href="/wiki/Electric_power_transmission" title="Electric power transmission">electrical cables</a>. Since the mid-1990s, <i><a href="/wiki/Kcmil" class="mw-redirect" title="Kcmil">kcmil</a></i> has been adopted as the official designation of a thousand circular mils, but the designation <i>MCM</i> still remains in wide use. A similar system is used in natural gas sales in the United States: <i>m</i> (or <i>M</i>) for thousands and <i>mm</i> (or <i>MM</i>) for millions of <a href="/wiki/British_thermal_unit" title="British thermal unit">British thermal units</a> or <a href="/wiki/Therm" title="Therm">therms</a>, and in the oil industry,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where <i>MMbbl</i> is the symbol for "millions of barrels". This usage of the capital letter <i>M</i> for "thousand" is from <a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a>, in which <i>M</i> means 1000.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binary_prefix" title="Binary prefix">Binary prefix</a> – Symbol placed before units of digital information to indicate multiplication by a power of two</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJK_Compatibility" title="CJK Compatibility">CJK Compatibility</a> – Unicode block (U+3300-33FF) containing various characters composed into ideographic squares, and embedding Japanese Katakana words, or digits and ideographs for dates, or symbols with Latin letters for measurement units<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E1_series_(preferred_numbers)" class="mw-redirect" title="E1 series (preferred numbers)">E1 series (preferred numbers)</a> – Series of preferred values for passive electrical components<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_notation" title="Engineering notation">Engineering notation</a> – A version of scientific notation in which the exponent of ten reflects powers of a thousand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_numbering_system" title="Indian numbering system">Indian numbering system</a> – Indian methods of naming large numbers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_vocabulary_of_metrology" class="mw-redirect" title="International vocabulary of metrology">International vocabulary of metrology</a> – Committee under the chairmanship of the director of the BIPM<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000" title="ISO/IEC 80000">ISO/IEC 80000</a> – Published standard series about physical quantities and units of measurement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numeral_prefix" title="Numeral prefix">Numeral prefix</a> – Prefix derived from numerals or other numbers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_magnitude" title="Order of magnitude">Order of magnitude</a> – Scale of numbers with a fixed ratio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(data)" title="Orders of magnitude (data)">Orders of magnitude (data)</a> – Computer data measurements and scales</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RKM_code" title="RKM code">RKM code</a> – Notation to specify resistor and capacitor values</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Code_for_Units_of_Measure" title="Unified Code for Units of Measure">Unified Code for Units of Measure</a> – System of codes for unambiguously representing measurement units</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> compatibility in general text usage, <span class="texhtml">μ</span> is frequently substituted with the Latin letter <i>u</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>m</i><sub>e</sub> = <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6969910938371389999♠"></span>9.109<span style="margin-left:.25em;">383</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">7139</span>(28)<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−31</sup> kg</span><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span><sup id="cite_ref-physconst-me_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-physconst-me-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Converting to grams gives <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6969910938370150000♠"></span>9.109<span style="margin-left:.25em;">383</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">7015</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−28</sup> g</span>. Rounding to the nearest power of ten gives <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6970100000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−27</sup> g</span>, or 1 rg.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Sometimes the symbol 'u' is marked by adding a downstroke using a pen or pencil, or a slash '/u'.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> "Art. 8. Dans les poids et mesures de capacité, chacune des mesures décimales de ces deux genres aura son double et sa moitié, afin de donner à la vente des divers objets toute la commodité que l'on peut désirer. Il y aura donc le double-litre et le demi-litre, le double-hectogramme et le demi-hectogramme, et ainsi des autres. </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-prefixes-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-prefixes_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140912222624/http://www.bipm.org/en/si/prefixes.html">"SI prefixes"</a>. <i>Bipm.org</i>. 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"Considerations on compound SI prefixes". <i>Measurement</i>. <b>140</b>: 237–239. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Meas..140..237B">2019Meas..140..237B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.measurement.2019.04.024">10.1016/j.measurement.2019.04.024</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146092009">146092009</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Measurement&rft.atitle=Considerations+on+compound+SI+prefixes&rft.volume=140&rft.pages=237-239&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146092009%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.measurement.2019.04.024&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019Meas..140..237B&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetric+prefix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/obama-unveils-3-8t-budget-proposal-1.1283997">"Obama unveils $3.8T budget proposal"</a>. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Associated Press. 2012-02-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Obama+unveils+%243.8T+budget+proposal&rft.date=2012-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fobama-unveils-3-8t-budget-proposal-1.1283997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetric+prefix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.multichannel.com/article/128853-More_than_65M_Flock_to_Discovery_s_Planet_Earth.php">"More than 65M Flock to Discovery's Planet Earth"</a>. Multichannel.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=More+than+65M+Flock+to+Discovery%27s+Planet+Earth&rft.pub=Multichannel.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.multichannel.com%2Farticle%2F128853-More_than_65M_Flock_to_Discovery_s_Planet_Earth.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetric+prefix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325192835/http://www.pesa.com.au/publications/pesa_news/june_july_07/pesanews_8830.html">"Purcell, P (2007). <i>Disambiguating M</i>. PESA News 88"</a>. Pesa.com.au. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pesa.com.au/publications/pesa_news/june_july_07/pesanews_8830.html">the original</a> on 2012-03-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Purcell%2C+P+%282007%29.+Disambiguating+M.+PESA+News+88&rft.pub=Pesa.com.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pesa.com.au%2Fpublications%2Fpesa_news%2Fjune_july_07%2Fpesanews_8830.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetric+prefix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reference.com/home-garden/difference-between-mcm-kcmil-32b016f3e6b497b6">"What is the difference between MCM and kcmil?"</a>. Reference.com. 2015-08-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+the+difference+between+MCM+and+kcmil%3F&rft.pub=Reference.com&rft.date=2015-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reference.com%2Fhome-garden%2Fdifference-between-mcm-kcmil-32b016f3e6b497b6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetric+prefix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metric_prefix&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bipm.org/en/about-us/">International Bureau of Weights and Measures</a> (BIPM)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bipm.org/en/measurement-units/si-prefixes">SI prefixes at BIPM</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/prefixes.html">US NIST <i>Definitions of the SI units: The twenty SI prefixes</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/binary.html">US NIST <i>Definitions of the SI units: The binary prefixes</i></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SI_units" title="Template:SI units"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SI_units" title="Template talk:SI units"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SI_units" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SI units"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="SI_units" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">SI units</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SI_base_unit" title="SI base unit">Base units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ampere" title="Ampere">ampere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candela" title="Candela">candela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kilogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">metre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mole_(unit)" title="Mole (unit)">mole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">second</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SI_derived_unit" title="SI derived unit">Derived units <br />with special names</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Becquerel" title="Becquerel">becquerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">coulomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">degree Celsius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farad" title="Farad">farad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_(unit)" title="Gray (unit)">gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_(unit)" title="Henry (unit)">henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">hertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">joule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katal" title="Katal">katal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumen_(unit)" title="Lumen (unit)">lumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lux" title="Lux">lux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohm" title="Ohm">ohm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radian" title="Radian">radian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_(unit)" title="Siemens (unit)">siemens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sievert" title="Sievert">sievert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steradian" title="Steradian">steradian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_(unit)" title="Tesla (unit)">tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weber_(unit)" title="Weber (unit)">weber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-SI_units_mentioned_in_the_SI" title="Non-SI units mentioned in the SI">Other accepted units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">astronomical unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalton_(unit)" title="Dalton (unit)">dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decibel" title="Decibel">decibel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">degree of arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt">electronvolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hour" title="Hour">hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litre" title="Litre">litre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minute" title="Minute">minute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minute_and_second_of_arc" title="Minute and second of arc">minute and second of arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neper" title="Neper">neper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_units" title="Conversion of units">Conversion of units</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metric prefixes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_definitions_of_the_SI_base_units" title="Historical definitions of the SI base units">Historical definitions of the SI base units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_revision_of_the_SI" title="2019 revision of the SI">2019 revision of the SI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_of_units_of_measurement" title="System of units of measurement">System of units of measurement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:SI_units" title="Category:SI units">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orders_of_magnitude" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orders of magnitude"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Orders_of_magnitude" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_magnitude" title="Order of magnitude">Orders of magnitude</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Quantity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(acceleration)" title="Orders of magnitude (acceleration)">Acceleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(angular_momentum)" title="Orders of magnitude (angular momentum)">Angular momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(area)" title="Orders of magnitude (area)">Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(bit_rate)" title="Orders of magnitude (bit rate)">Bit rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(charge)" title="Orders of magnitude (charge)">Charge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_performance_by_orders_of_magnitude" title="Computer performance by orders of magnitude">Computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(current)" title="Orders of magnitude (current)">Current</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(data)" title="Orders of magnitude (data)">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(density)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of magnitude (density)">Density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(energy)" title="Orders of magnitude (energy)">Energy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Energy_density_Extended_Reference_Table" title="Energy density Extended Reference Table">Energy density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(entropy)" title="Orders of magnitude (entropy)">Entropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(force)" title="Orders of magnitude (force)">Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(frequency)" title="Orders of magnitude (frequency)">Frequency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(illuminance)" title="Orders of magnitude (illuminance)">Illuminance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(length)" title="Orders of magnitude (length)">Length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(luminance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of magnitude (luminance)">Luminance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(magnetic_moment)" title="Orders of magnitude (magnetic moment)">Magnetic moment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(magnetic_field)" title="Orders of magnitude (magnetic field)">Magnetic field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(mass)" title="Orders of magnitude (mass)">Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(molar_concentration)" title="Orders of magnitude (molar concentration)">Molarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(numbers)" title="Orders of magnitude (numbers)">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(power)" title="Orders of magnitude (power)">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(pressure)" title="Orders of magnitude (pressure)">Pressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(probability)" title="Orders of magnitude (probability)">Probability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(radiation)" title="Orders of magnitude (radiation)">Radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_pressure#Examples_of_sound_pressure" title="Sound pressure">Sound pressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(specific_heat_capacity)" title="Orders of magnitude (specific heat capacity)">Specific heat capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(speed)" title="Orders of magnitude (speed)">Speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(temperature)" title="Orders of magnitude (temperature)">Temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(torque)" title="Orders of magnitude (torque)">Torque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(time)" title="Orders of magnitude (time)">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(voltage)" title="Orders of magnitude (voltage)">Voltage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(volume)" title="Orders of magnitude (volume)">Volume</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Back-of-the-envelope_calculation" title="Back-of-the-envelope calculation">Back-of-the-envelope calculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry#List_of_best-selling_electronic_devices" title="Electronics industry">Best-selling electronic devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermi_problem" title="Fermi problem">Fermi problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_of_10" title="Power of 10">Powers of 10</a> and <a href="/wiki/Decade_(log_scale)" title="Decade (log scale)">decades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decimal" title="Decimal">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundredth" title="Hundredth">100th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millionth" title="Millionth">1000000th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metric (SI) prefix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macroscopic_scale" title="Macroscopic scale">Macroscopic scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microscopic_scale" title="Microscopic scale">Microscopic scale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_system_of_units" title="Astronomical system of units">Astronomical system of units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Location_of_Earth" title="Location of Earth">Earth's location in the Universe</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_View" title="Cosmic View">Cosmic View</a></i> (1957 book)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_the_Moon_and_Beyond" title="To the Moon and Beyond">To the Moon and Beyond</a></i> (1964 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Zoom" title="Cosmic Zoom">Cosmic Zoom</a></i> (1968 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powers_of_Ten_(film)" title="Powers of Ten (film)"><i>Powers of Ten</i> (1968 and 1977 films)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Voyage_(1996_film)" title="Cosmic Voyage (1996 film)"><i>Cosmic Voyage</i> (1996 documentary)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Scale_of_the_Universe" title="The Scale of the Universe">The Scale of the Universe</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Eye" title="Cosmic Eye">Cosmic Eye</a></i> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span 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