CINXE.COM

清史稿/卷481 - 维基文库,自由的图书馆

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>清史稿/卷481 - 维基文库,自由的图书馆</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikisourcemwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh","wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"309e8964-5b26-475e-b31d-b02476d8ac77","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"清史稿/卷481","wgTitle":"清史稿/卷481","wgCurRevisionId":2485134,"wgRevisionId":2485134,"wgArticleId":177813,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["包含Unicode私有区字符的条目","50%","繆荃孫","PD-old-100-1996"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"清史稿/卷481","wgRelevantArticleId":177813,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikisource","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"prpProofreadPageBookNamespaces":[0],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q85621127","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.0"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready", "mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","ext.wikisource.icons":"ready","ext.proofreadpage.base":"ready","ext.proofreadpage.article":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.wikisource.download","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.tabbedwindow","ext.gadget.PageNumbers","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface", "wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&amp;modules=ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.proofreadpage.article%2Cbase%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cext.wikisource.icons%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.indicators%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.8"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="清史稿/卷481 - 维基文库,自由的图书馆"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikisource.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikisource (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikisource.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hans/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikisource的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-清史稿_卷481 rootpage-清史稿 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-randomwork" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%A0%B9%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Main"><span>随机作品</span></a></li><li id="n-randomauthor" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Author"><span>随机作者</span></a></li><li id="n-randomindex" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%A0%B9%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Index"><span>随机原本</span></a></li><li id="n-allpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2"><span>所有页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 编者 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E7%A4%BE%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划,您可做的事,何处找到您所需"><span>社群首页</span></a></li><li id="n-scriptorium" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E5%86%99%E5%AD%97%E9%97%B4"><span>写字间</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="本wiki的最近更改列表[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="查找帮助的地方"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E"><span>关于维基文库</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC"><span>联系我们</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88%E4%B8%8E%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikisource.svg" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikisource" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikisource-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 7.125em; height: 1.5em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索Wikisource内容[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索Wikisource内容" aria-label="搜索Wikisource内容" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索Wikisource内容[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=zh.wikisource.org&amp;uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&amp;returnto=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7481" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&amp;returnto=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7481" title="我们推荐您登录,但这不是强制性的[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=zh.wikisource.org&amp;uselang=zh"><span>资助</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&amp;returnto=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7481" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&amp;returnto=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7481" title="我们推荐您登录,但这不是强制性的[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="有关本IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003E关闭\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E-\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-顧炎武" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#顧炎武"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>顧炎武</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-顧炎武-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-張爾岐" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#張爾岐"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>張爾岐</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-張爾岐-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关張爾岐子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-張爾岐-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-馬驌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#馬驌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>馬驌</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-馬驌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-萬斯大" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#萬斯大"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>萬斯大</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-萬斯大-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关萬斯大子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-萬斯大-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-兄_斯選" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#兄_斯選"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>兄 斯選</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-兄_斯選-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-子_經" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子_經"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>子 經</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子_經-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-從子_言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#從子_言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>從子 言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-從子_言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-胡渭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#胡渭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>胡渭</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-胡渭-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关胡渭子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-胡渭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-子_彥昇" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子_彥昇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>子 彥昇</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子_彥昇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同郡_葉佩蓀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同郡_葉佩蓀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>同郡 葉佩蓀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同郡_葉佩蓀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-毛奇齡" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#毛奇齡"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>毛奇齡</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-毛奇齡-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关毛奇齡子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-毛奇齡-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_陸邦烈" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_陸邦烈"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>附 陸邦烈</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_陸邦烈-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-閻若璩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#閻若璩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>閻若璩</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-閻若璩-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关閻若璩子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-閻若璩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-子_詠" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子_詠"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>子 詠</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子_詠-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_李鎧" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_李鎧"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>附 李鎧</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_李鎧-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_吳玉搢" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_吳玉搢"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>附 吳玉搢</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_吳玉搢-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-惠周惕" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#惠周惕"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>惠周惕</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-惠周惕-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关惠周惕子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-惠周惕-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-子_士奇" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子_士奇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>子 士奇</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子_士奇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-子_棟" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子_棟"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>子 棟</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子_棟-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_余蕭客" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_余蕭客"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>附 余蕭客</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_余蕭客-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-陳厚耀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#陳厚耀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>陳厚耀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-陳厚耀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-臧琳" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#臧琳"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>臧琳</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-臧琳-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关臧琳子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-臧琳-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-玄孫_庸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#玄孫_庸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>玄孫 庸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-玄孫_庸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-庸弟_禮堂" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#庸弟_禮堂"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>庸弟 禮堂</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-庸弟_禮堂-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-任啟運" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#任啟運"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>任啟運</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-任啟運-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-全祖望" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#全祖望"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>全祖望</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-全祖望-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关全祖望子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-全祖望-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-弟子_蔣學鏞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#弟子_蔣學鏞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>弟子 蔣學鏞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-弟子_蔣學鏞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-弟子_董秉純" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#弟子_董秉純"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>弟子 董秉純</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-弟子_董秉純-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-沈彤" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#沈彤"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>沈彤</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-沈彤-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关沈彤子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-沈彤-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_蔡德晉" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_蔡德晉"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>附 蔡德晉</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_蔡德晉-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_盛世佐" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_盛世佐"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>附 盛世佐</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_盛世佐-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-江永" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#江永"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>江永</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-江永-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关江永子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-江永-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-弟子_程瑤田" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#弟子_程瑤田"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>弟子 程瑤田</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-弟子_程瑤田-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-褚寅亮" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#褚寅亮"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>褚寅亮</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-褚寅亮-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-盧文弨" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#盧文弨"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>盧文弨</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-盧文弨-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关盧文弨子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-盧文弨-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_顧廣圻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_顧廣圻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>附 顧廣圻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_顧廣圻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-錢大昕" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#錢大昕"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>錢大昕</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-錢大昕-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关錢大昕子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-錢大昕-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-族子_塘" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#族子_塘"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>族子 塘</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-族子_塘-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-族子_坫" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#族子_坫"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>族子 坫</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-族子_坫-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-王鳴盛" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#王鳴盛"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>王鳴盛</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-王鳴盛-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关王鳴盛子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-王鳴盛-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-弟子_金曰追" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#弟子_金曰追"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.1</span> <span>弟子 金曰追</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-弟子_金曰追-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-吳凌雲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#吳凌雲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.2</span> <span>吳凌雲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-吳凌雲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-戴震" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#戴震"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>戴震</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-戴震-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关戴震子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-戴震-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_金榜" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_金榜"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.1</span> <span>附 金榜</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_金榜-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-段玉裁" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#段玉裁"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>段玉裁</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-段玉裁-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关段玉裁子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-段玉裁-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_鈕樹玉" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_鈕樹玉"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.1</span> <span>附 鈕樹玉</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_鈕樹玉-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_徐承慶" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_徐承慶"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.2</span> <span>附 徐承慶</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_徐承慶-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-孫志祖" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#孫志祖"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>孫志祖</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-孫志祖-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关孫志祖子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-孫志祖-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_翟灝" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_翟灝"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20.1</span> <span>附 翟灝</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_翟灝-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_梁玉繩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_梁玉繩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20.2</span> <span>附 梁玉繩</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_梁玉繩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_履繩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_履繩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20.3</span> <span>附 履繩</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_履繩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_汪家禧" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_汪家禧"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20.4</span> <span>附 汪家禧</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_汪家禧-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-劉台拱" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#劉台拱"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> <span>劉台拱</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-劉台拱-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关劉台拱子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-劉台拱-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-同邑_朱彬" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同邑_朱彬"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21.1</span> <span>同邑 朱彬</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同邑_朱彬-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-孔廣森" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#孔廣森"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22</span> <span>孔廣森</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-孔廣森-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-邵晉涵" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#邵晉涵"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">23</span> <span>邵晉涵</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-邵晉涵-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关邵晉涵子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-邵晉涵-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_周永年" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_周永年"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">23.1</span> <span>附 周永年</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_周永年-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-王念孫" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#王念孫"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24</span> <span>王念孫</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-王念孫-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关王念孫子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-王念孫-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-子_引之" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子_引之"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24.1</span> <span>子 引之</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子_引之-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同州_李惇" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同州_李惇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24.2</span> <span>同州 李惇</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同州_李惇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_賈田祖" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_賈田祖"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24.3</span> <span>附 賈田祖</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_賈田祖-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_宋綿初" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_宋綿初"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24.4</span> <span>附 宋綿初</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_宋綿初-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-汪中" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#汪中"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">25</span> <span>汪中</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-汪中-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关汪中子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-汪中-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_江德量" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_江德量"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">25.1</span> <span>附 江德量</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_江德量-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_徐復" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_徐復"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">25.2</span> <span>附 徐復</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_徐復-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_汪光爔" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_汪光爔"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">25.3</span> <span>附 汪光爔</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_汪光爔-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-武億" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#武億"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">26</span> <span>武億</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-武億-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-莊述祖" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#莊述祖"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">27</span> <span>莊述祖</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-莊述祖-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关莊述祖子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-莊述祖-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-世父存與孫_綬甲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#世父存與孫_綬甲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">27.1</span> <span>世父存與孫 綬甲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-世父存與孫_綬甲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同族_莊有可" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同族_莊有可"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">27.2</span> <span>同族 莊有可</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同族_莊有可-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-戚學標" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#戚學標"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">28</span> <span>戚學標</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-戚學標-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关戚學標子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-戚學標-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_江有誥" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_江有誥"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">28.1</span> <span>附 江有誥</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_江有誥-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_陳熙晉" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_陳熙晉"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">28.2</span> <span>附 陳熙晉</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_陳熙晉-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_李誠" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_李誠"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">28.3</span> <span>附 李誠</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_李誠-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-丁杰" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#丁杰"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">29</span> <span>丁杰</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-丁杰-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关丁杰子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-丁杰-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-子_授經" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子_授經"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">29.1</span> <span>子 授經</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子_授經-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_周春" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_周春"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">29.2</span> <span>附 周春</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_周春-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-孫星衍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#孫星衍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">30</span> <span>孫星衍</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-孫星衍-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关孫星衍子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-孫星衍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_畢亨" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_畢亨"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">30.1</span> <span>附 畢亨</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_畢亨-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_李貽德" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_李貽德"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">30.2</span> <span>附 李貽德</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_李貽德-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-王聘珍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#王聘珍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">31</span> <span>王聘珍</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-王聘珍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-凌廷堪" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#凌廷堪"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">32</span> <span>凌廷堪</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-凌廷堪-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关凌廷堪子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-凌廷堪-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-同邑_洪榜" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同邑_洪榜"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">32.1</span> <span>同邑 洪榜</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同邑_洪榜-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_洪榜" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_洪榜"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">32.2</span> <span>附 洪榜</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_洪榜-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-桂馥" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#桂馥"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">33</span> <span>桂馥</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-桂馥-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关桂馥子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-桂馥-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_許瀚" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_許瀚"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">33.1</span> <span>附 許瀚</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_許瀚-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-江聲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#江聲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">34</span> <span>江聲</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-江聲-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关江聲子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-江聲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-子_鏐" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子_鏐"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">34.1</span> <span>子 鏐</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子_鏐-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-孫_沅" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#孫_沅"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">34.2</span> <span>孫 沅</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-孫_沅-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-錢大昭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#錢大昭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">35</span> <span>錢大昭</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-錢大昭-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关錢大昭子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-錢大昭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-子_東垣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子_東垣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">35.1</span> <span>子 東垣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子_東垣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-東垣弟_侗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#東垣弟_侗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">35.2</span> <span>東垣弟 侗</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-東垣弟_侗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_朱駿聲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_朱駿聲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">35.3</span> <span>附 朱駿聲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_朱駿聲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-駿聲子_孔彰" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#駿聲子_孔彰"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">35.3.1</span> <span>駿聲子 孔彰</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-駿聲子_孔彰-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">清史稿/卷481</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="这篇条目只存在于此语言中。添加其他语言的条目" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">添加语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q85621127#sitelinks-wikisource" title="添加跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">添加链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481" title="查看内容页面[c]" accesskey="c"><span>作品</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="有关内容页面的讨论(页面不存在)[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=history" title="该页面过去的修订[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481" title="所有链接至本页面的wiki页面列表[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481" rel="nofollow" title="链自本页的页面的最近更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=zh" title="上传文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="所有特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;oldid=2485134" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&amp;page=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7481&amp;id=2485134&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B8%2585%25E5%258F%25B2%25E7%25A8%25BF%2F%25E5%258D%25B7481"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B8%2585%25E5%258F%25B2%25E7%25A8%25BF%2F%25E5%258D%25B7481"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印版本</span></a></li><li id="wikisource-download-epub" class="mw-list-item"><a title="下载此作品的EPUB版本" href="https://ws-export.wmcloud.org/?format=epub&amp;lang=zh&amp;page=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7481"><span>下载为EPUB</span></a></li><li id="wikisource-download-mobi" class="mw-list-item"><a title="下载此作品的MOBI版本" href="https://ws-export.wmcloud.org/?format=mobi&amp;lang=zh&amp;page=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7481"><span>下载为MOBI</span></a></li><li id="wikisource-download-pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a title="下载此作品的PDF版本" href="https://ws-export.wmcloud.org/?format=pdf&amp;lang=zh&amp;page=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7481"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="wikisource-download-choose" class="mw-list-item"><a title="打开一个表单来选择其他格式和字体等。" href="https://ws-export.wmcloud.org/?lang=zh&amp;title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7481"><span>其他格式</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q85621127" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-text-integrity" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="textquality" class="50%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E6%AD%A3%E6%96%87%E5%93%81%E8%B4%A8" title="文章已經完整並經過了格式化,但是沒有校對或不知其來源是否可靠。"><img alt="文章已經完整並經過了格式化,但是沒有校對或不知其來源是否可靠。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/14px-50_percents.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/21px-50_percents.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/28px-50_percents.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-~ext-wikisource-download" class="mw-indicator"><span id='ooui-php-1' class='ext-wikisource-download-button oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-flaggedElement-primary oo-ui-flaggedElement-progressive oo-ui-buttonWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ButtonWidget","href":"https:\/\/ws-export.wmcloud.org\/?format=epub&amp;lang=zh&amp;page=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7481","rel":["nofollow"],"label":"\u4e0b\u8f7d","title":"\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6b64\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684EPUB\u7248\u672c","flags":["primary","progressive"],"data":{"wsExportUrl":"https:\/\/ws-export.wmcloud.org"},"classes":["ext-wikisource-download-button"]}'><a role='button' title='下载此作品的EPUB版本' tabindex='0' href='https://ws-export.wmcloud.org/?format=epub&amp;lang=zh&amp;page=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7481' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-iconElement-noIcon oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>下载</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">維基文庫,自由的圖書館</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="subpages">&lt; <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF" title="清史稿">清史稿</a></bdi></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="headerContainer"> <table style="width:100%; margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:3px;border:1px solid var(--border-color-content-added,#93A6C0); background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#F9F9F9); color: inherit;text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:0; text-align:left; font-size:small;">← </td> <td style="width:25%; text-align:left; font-size:small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7480" title="清史稿/卷480">卷四百八十</a> </td> <td style="width:50%;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF" title="清史稿">清史稿</a></b><br />卷四百八十一<br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#999999)">作者:</span><a href="/wiki/Author:%E7%B9%86%E8%8D%83%E5%AD%AB" title="Author:繆荃孫">繆荃孫</a> </td> <td style="width:25%; text-align:right; font-size:small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482" title="清史稿/卷482">卷四百八十二</a> </td> <td class="noprint" style="width:0; text-align:right; font-size:small;">→ </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width:100%; background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#F8FCFF); color: inherit;font-size:small; border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-content-added,#93A6C0)"> <tbody><tr> <td><ul id="plainSister" style="display:inline-block; font-size:93%; line-height:normal; list-style-type:none; list-style-image:none; list-style-position:outside; border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#AAA); float:right; clear:right; margin:0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex; padding:0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex; background-color:var(--background-color-base,#FFFFFF);color: inherit;"><li class="noprint sisitem"><span class="sisicon" style="padding-right:1ex;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99%E7%9F%A9%E9%98%B5" title="Special:网站矩阵"><img alt="姊妹计划" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/18px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/27px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/36px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99%E7%9F%A9%E9%98%B5" title="Special:网站矩阵">姊妹计划</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85621127" class="extiw" title="d:Q85621127">数据项</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>列傳二百六十八 </p><p>儒林二 </p><p>顧炎武 張爾岐<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>馬驌<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 萬斯大<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>兄斯選 子經 侄言<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 胡渭<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>子彥昇 葉佩蓀<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 毛奇齡<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>陸邦烈<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 閻若璩<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>李鎧 吳玉搢<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 惠周惕<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>子士奇 孫棟 余蕭客<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 陳厚耀 臧琳<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>玄孫庸 禮堂<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 任啟運 全祖望<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>蔣學鏞 董秉純<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 沈彤<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>蔡德晉 盛世佐<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 江永<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>程瑤田<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 褚寅亮 盧文弨<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>顧廣圻<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 錢大昕<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>族子塘 坫<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 王鳴盛<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>金曰追 吳凌雲<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 戴震<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>金榜<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 段玉裁<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>鈕樹玉 徐承慶<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 孫志祖<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>翟灝 梁玉繩 履繩 汪家禧<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 劉台拱<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>朱彬<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 孔廣森 邵晉涵<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>周永年<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 王念孫<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>子引之 李惇 賈田祖 宋綿初<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 汪中<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>江德量 徐復 汪光爔<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 武億 莊述祖<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>莊綬甲 莊有可<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 戚學標<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>江有誥 陳熙晉 李誠<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 丁杰<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>周春<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 孫星衍<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>畢亨 李貽德<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 王聘珍 凌廷堪<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>洪榜 汪龍<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 桂馥<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>許瀚<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 江聲<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>孫沅<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 錢大昭<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>子東垣 繹 侗 朱駿聲<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="顧炎武"><span id=".E9.A1.A7.E7.82.8E.E6.AD.A6"></span>顧炎武</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="编辑章节:顧炎武"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">顧炎武</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">寧人</span></span>,原名<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">絳</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">崑山</span></span>人。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">明</span></span>諸生。生而雙瞳,中白邊黑。讀書目十行下。見<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">明</span></span>季多故,講求經世之學。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">明</span></span>南都亡,奉嗣母<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王氏</span></span>避兵<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">常熟</span></span>。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">崑山</span></span>令<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">楊永言</span></span>起義師,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">炎武</span></span>及<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">歸莊</span></span>從之。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">魯王</span></span>授為兵部司務,事不克,幸而得脫,母遂不食卒,誡<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">炎武</span></span>弗事二姓。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">唐王</span></span>以兵部職方郎召,母喪未赴,遂去家不返。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">炎武</span></span>自負用世之略,不得一遂,所至輒小試之。墾田於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">山東</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">長白山</span></span>下,畜牧於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">山西</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">雁門</span></span>之北、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">五台</span></span>之東,累致千金。遍歷關塞,四謁<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">孝陵</span></span>,六謁<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">思陵</span></span>,始卜居<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">陝</span></span>之<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">華陰</span></span>。謂「<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">秦</span></span>人慕經學,重處士,持清議,實他邦所少;而<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">華陰</span></span>綰轂關河之口,雖足不出戶,亦能見天下之人、聞天下之事。一旦有警,入山守險,不過十里之遙;若有志四方,則一出關門,亦有建瓴之便」。乃定居焉。 </p><p>生平精力絕人,自少至老,無一刻離書。所至之地,以二騾二馬載書,過邊塞亭障,呼老兵卒詢曲折,有與平日所聞不合,即發書對勘;或平原大野,則於鞍上默誦諸經注疏。嘗與友人論學云:「百餘年來之為學者,往往言心言性,而茫然不得其解也。命與仁,夫子所罕言;性與天道,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">子貢</span></span>所未得聞。性命之理,著之<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">易傳</span>,未嘗數以語人。其答問士,則曰'行己有恥',其為學,則曰'好古敏求'。其告<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">哀公</span></span>明善之功,先之以博學。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">顏子</span></span>幾於聖人,猶曰'博我以文'。自<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">曾子</span></span>而下,篤實無如<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">子夏</span></span>,言仁,則曰'博學而篤志、切問而近思'。今之君子則不然,聚賓客門人數十百人,與之言心言性;舍多學而識以求一貫之方,置四海之困窮不言,而講危微精一;是必其道高於夫子,而其弟子之賢於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">子貢</span></span>也。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">孟子</span>一書,言心言性亦諄諄矣,乃至<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">萬章</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">公孫丑</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">陳代</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">陳臻</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">周霄</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">彭更之</span></span>所問,與<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">孟子</span></span>之所答,常在乎出處去就辭受取與之間。是故性也、命也、天也,夫子之所罕言,而今之君子之所恆言也。出處去就辭受取與之辨,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">孔子</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">孟子</span></span>之所恆言,而今之君子之所罕言也。愚所謂聖人之道者如之何?曰'博學於文,行己有恥'。自一身以至於天下國家,皆學之事也。自子臣弟友以至出入往來辭受取與之間,皆有恥之事也。士而不先言恥,則為無本之人;非好古多聞,則為空虛之學。以無本之人,而講空虛之學,吾見其日從事於聖人,而去之彌遠也。」 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">炎武</span></span>之學,大抵主於斂華就實。凡國家典制、郡邑掌故、天文儀象、河漕兵農之屬,莫不窮原究委,考正得失,撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">天下郡國利病書</span>百二十卷;別有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">肇域志</span>一編,則考索之餘,合圖經而成者。精韻學,撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">音論</span>三卷。言古韻者,自<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">明</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">陳第</span></span>,雖創闢榛蕪,猶未邃密。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">炎武</span></span>乃推尋經傳,探討本原。又<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">詩本音</span>十卷,其書主<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">陳第</span></span>詩無協韻之說,不與<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">吳棫</span></span>本音爭,亦不用<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">棫</span></span>之例,但即本經之韻互考,且證以他書,明古音原作是讀,非由遷就,故曰本音。又<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">易音</span>三卷,即<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">周易</span>以求古音,考證精確。又<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">唐韻正</span>二十卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">古音表</span>二卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">韻補正</span>一卷,皆能追復<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">三代</span></span>以來之音,分部正帙而知其變。又撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">金石文字記</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">求古錄</span>,與經史相證。而<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">日知錄</span>三十卷,尤為精詣之書,蓋積三十餘年而後成。其論治綜覈名實,於禮教尤兢兢。謂風俗衰,廉恥之防潰,由無禮以權之,常欲以古制率天下。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">炎武</span></span>又以<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">杜預</span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">左傳集解</span>時有闕失,作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">杜解補正</span>三卷。其他著作,有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">二十一史年表</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">歷代帝王宅京記</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">營平二州地名記</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">昌平山水記</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">山東考古錄</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">京東考古錄</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">譎觚</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">菰中隨筆</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">亭林文集</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">詩集</span>等書,並有補於學術世道。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">清</span></span>初稱學有根柢者,以<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">炎武</span></span>為最,學者稱為<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">亭林先生</span></span>。 </p><p>又廣交賢豪長者,虛懷商榷,不自滿假。作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">廣師篇</span>云:「學究天人,確乎不拔,吾不如<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王寅旭</span></span>;讀書為己,探賾洞微,吾不如<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">楊雪臣</span></span>;獨精<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">三禮</span>,卓然經師,吾不如<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">張稷若</span></span>;蕭然物外,自得天機,吾不如<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">傅青主</span></span>;堅苦力學,無師而成,吾不如<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">李中孚</span></span>;險阻備嘗,與時屈伸,吾不如<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">路安卿</span></span>;博聞強記,群書之府,吾不如<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">吳志伊</span></span>;文章爾雅,宅心和厚,吾不如<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">朱錫鬯</span></span>;好學不倦,篤於朋友,吾不如<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王山史</span></span>;精心六書,信而好古,吾不如<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">張力臣</span></span>。至於達而在位,其可稱述者,亦多有之,然非布衣之所得議也。」 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">康熙</span></span>十七年,詔舉博學鴻儒科,又修<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">明史</span>,大臣爭薦之,以死自誓。二十一年,卒,年七十。無子,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">吳江</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">潘耒敘</span></span>其遺書行世。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">宣統</span></span>元年,從祀文廟。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="張爾岐"><span id=".E5.BC.B5.E7.88.BE.E5.B2.90"></span>張爾岐</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="编辑章节:張爾岐"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">張爾岐</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">稷若</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">濟陽</span></span>人。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">明</span></span>諸生。父<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">行素</span></span>,官<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">石首縣</span></span>丞,罹兵難,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">爾岐</span></span>欲身殉,以母老止。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">順治</span></span>七年,貢成均,亦不出。遜志好學,篤守<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">程</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">朱</span></span>之說,著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">天道論</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">中庸論</span>,為時所稱。又著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">學辨</span>五篇:曰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">辨志</span>,曰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">辨術</span>,曰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">辨業</span>,曰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">辨成</span>,曰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">辨徵</span>。又著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">立命說辨</span>,斥<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">袁氏</span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">功過格</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">立命說</span>之非。年三十,覃思<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">儀禮</span>,以<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鄭康成</span></span>注文古質,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">賈公彥</span></span>釋義曼衍,學者不能尋其端緒;乃取經與注章分之,定其句讀,疏其節,錄其要,取其明注而止,有疑義則以意斷之,亦附於末:成<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">儀禮鄭注句讀</span>十七卷,附以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">監本正誤</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">石經正誤</span>二卷。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">顧炎武</span></span>游<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">山東</span></span>,讀而善之,曰:「<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">炎武</span></span>年過五十,乃知'不學禮無以立'。若<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">儀禮鄭注句讀</span>一書,根本先儒,立言簡當,以其人不求聞達,故無當世名,然書實可傳,使<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">朱子</span></span>見之,必不僅<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">謝監獄</span></span>之稱許矣。」<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">爾岐</span></span>又著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">周易說略</span>八卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">詩說略</span>五卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">蒿菴集</span>三卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">蒿菴閒話</span>二卷。所居敗屋不修,藝蔬果養母,集其弟四人,講說<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">三代</span></span>古文於母前,愉愉如也。妻<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">朱</span></span>,婉娩執婦道,勸<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">爾岐</span></span>勿出,取<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">蓼莪</span>詩意,題其室曰<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">蒿庵</span></span>,遂教授鄉里終其身。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">康熙</span></span>十六年,卒,年六十六。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">乾隆</span></span>中,按察使<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">吳江</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">陸燿</span></span>建<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">蒿菴書院</span></span>以祀之,而顏其堂曰<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">辨志</span></span>。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">山東</span></span>善治經者,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">爾岐</span></span>同時有<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">馬驌</span></span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="馬驌"><span id=".E9.A6.AC.E9.A9.8C"></span>馬驌</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="编辑章节:馬驌"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">驌</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">宛斯</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鄒平</span></span>人。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">順治</span></span>十六年進士,除<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">淮安府</span></span>推官。尋推官議裁,補<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">靈壁縣</span></span>知縣。蠲荒除弊,流亡復業。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">康熙</span></span>十二年,卒於官,年五十四。士民奉祀名宦祠。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">驌</span></span>於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">左氏</span>融會貫通,著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">左傳事緯</span>十二卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">附錄</span>八卷,所論有條理,圖表亦考證精詳。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">驌</span></span>又撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">繹史</span>一百六十卷,纂錄開闢至<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">秦</span></span>末之事,博引古籍。疏通辨證,非<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">路史</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">皇王大紀</span>所可及也。時人稱為<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">馬三代</span></span>。四十四年,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">聖祖</span></span>命大學士<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">張玉書</span></span>物色<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">驌</span></span>所著書,令人至<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鄒平</span></span>購板入內府。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="萬斯大"><span id=".E8.90.AC.E6.96.AF.E5.A4.A7"></span>萬斯大</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="编辑章节:萬斯大"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">萬斯大</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">充宗</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鄞縣</span></span>人。父<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">泰</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">明</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">崇禎</span></span>丙子舉人,與<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">陸符</span></span>齊名。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">寧波</span></span>文學風氣,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">泰</span></span>實開之。以經、史分授諸子,使從<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">黃宗羲</span></span>遊,各名一家。 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">斯大</span></span>治經,以為非通諸經不能通一經;非悟傳注之失,則不能通經;非以經釋經,則亦無由悟傳注之失。其為學尤精<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">春秋</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">三禮</span>。於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">春秋</span>,則有專傳論世、屬辭比事、原情定罪諸義;於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">三禮</span>,則有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">論社</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">論禘</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">論祖宗</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">論明堂泰壇</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">論喪服</span>諸義;其辨正<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">商</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">周</span></span>改月改時,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">周</span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">詩</span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">周</span></span>正及兄弟同昭穆,皆極確實。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">宗法</span>十餘篇,亦頗見推衍。答<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">應撝謙</span></span>書,辨治朝無堂,尤為精覈。根柢<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">三禮</span>,以釋<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">三傳</span>,較<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">宋</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">元</span></span>以後空談書法者殊。然其說經以新見長,亦以鑿見短,置其非存其是,未始非一家之學。 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">斯大</span></span>性剛毅,慕義若渴​​。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">明</span></span>臣<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">張煌言</span></span>死後棄骨荒郊,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">斯大</span></span>葬之<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">南屏</span></span>。父執<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">陸符</span></span>死無後,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">斯大</span></span>為葬其兩世六棺。所著有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">學春秋隨筆</span>十卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">學禮質疑</span>二卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">儀禮商</span>三卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">禮記偶箋</span>三卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">周官辨非</span>二卷。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">康熙</span></span>二十二年,卒,年六十。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="兄_斯選"><span id=".E5.85.84_.E6.96.AF.E9.81.B8"></span>兄 斯選</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="编辑章节:兄 斯選"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>兄<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">斯選</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">公擇</span></span>。學於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">黃宗羲</span></span>。嘗謂學者須驗之躬行,方為實學。於是切實體認,知意為心之存主,非心之所發。理即在氣中,非理先氣後。涵養純粹,年六十,卒。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">宗羲</span></span>哭之慟,曰:「<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">甬</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">上</span></span>從遊,能續<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">蕺山</span></span>之傳者,惟<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">斯選</span></span>一人,而今已矣!」 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="子_經"><span id=".E5.AD.90_.E7.B6.93"></span>子 經</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="编辑章节:子 經"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">斯大</span></span>子<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">經</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">授一</span></span>。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">黃宗羲</span></span>移<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">證人書院</span></span>於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鄞</span></span>,申<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">明</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">劉宗周</span></span>之學。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">經</span></span>侍席末,與聞其教。及長,傳父、叔及兄<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">言</span></span>之學,又學於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">應撝謙</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">閻若璩</span></span>。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">康熙</span></span>四十二年,成進士,選庶吉士,散館授編修。五十年,充<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">山西</span></span>鄉試副考官。五十三年,提督<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">貴州</span></span>學政。及還,以派修<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">通州</span></span>城工罄其家。素工分隸,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">經</span></span>乃賣所作字,得錢給朝夕。晚增補<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">斯大</span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">禮記集解</span>數万言,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">春秋</span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">定</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">哀</span></span>二公未畢,又續纂數万言。又重修<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">斯同</span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">列代紀年</span>,又續纂兄<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">言</span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">尚書說</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">明史舉要</span>,皆先代未成之書。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">乾隆</span></span>初,舉博學鴻詞科,不就。年八十二,家遭大火,遺書悉焚。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">經</span></span>終日涕洟,自以​​為負罪先人,逾年卒。著有<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">分隸偶存</span></span>二卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="從子_言"><span id=".E5.BE.9E.E5.AD.90_.E8.A8.80"></span>從子 言</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="编辑章节:從子 言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">言</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">貞一</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">斯選</span></span>兄<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">斯年</span></span>子。副榜貢生。少隨諸父講社中,號精博。著有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">尚書說</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">明史舉要</span>。嘗與修<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">明史</span>,獨成<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">崇禎長編</span>,故國輔相子弟多以賄求減先人罪,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">言</span></span>悉拒之。尤工古文,同縣<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">李鄴嗣</span></span>嘗曰:「事古而信,篤志不分,吾不如<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">充宗</span></span>;粹然有得,造次儒者,吾不如<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">公擇</span></span>;學通古今,無所不辨,吾不如<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">季野</span></span>;文章名世,居然大家,吾不如<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">貞一</span></span>。吾邑有<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">萬氏</span></span>,誠天下之望。」有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">管村文集</span>。晚出為<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">五河</span></span>知縣,忤大吏,論死,子<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">承勳</span></span>,狂走數千里,裒金五千贖之歸,時稱孝子。 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">承勳</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">開遠</span></span>。諸生。以薦,用為<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">磁州</span></span>知州。工詩,有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">冰雪集</span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="胡渭"><span id=".E8.83.A1.E6.B8.AD"></span>胡渭</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="编辑章节:胡渭"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">胡渭</span></span>,初名<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">渭生</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">朏明</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">德清</span></span>人。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">渭</span></span>年十二而孤,母<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">沈</span></span>,攜之避亂山谷間。十五為縣學生,入太學,篤志經義,尤精輿地之學。嘗館大學士<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">馮溥</span></span>邸。尚書<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">徐乾學</span></span>奉詔修<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">一統志</span>,開局<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">洞​​庭山</span></span>,延<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">常熟</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">黃儀</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">顧祖禹</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">太原</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">閻若璩</span></span>及<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">渭</span></span>分纂。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">渭</span></span>著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">禹貢錐指</span>二十卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">圖</span>四十七篇。謂<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">漢</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">唐</span></span>二<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">孔氏</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">宋</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">蔡氏</span></span>,於地理多疏舛。如三江當主<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鄭康成</span></span>說;<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">禹貢</span></span>「達於河」,「河」當從說文作「菏」;「<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">滎波</span></span>既豬」,當從<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鄭康成</span></span>作「播」;<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">梁州</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">黑水</span></span>與導川之<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">黑水</span></span>,不可​​溷為一。乃博稽載籍,考其同異而折衷之。山川形勢,郡國分合,道里遠近夷險,一一討論詳明。又<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">漢</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">唐</span></span>以來,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">河</span></span>道遷徙,為民生國計所繫,故於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">導河</span>一章,備考決溢改流之跡,留心經濟,異於迂儒不通時務。間有千慮一失,則不屑闕疑之過。 </p><p>又撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">易圖明辨</span>十卷,專為辨定<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">圖</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">書</span>而作。初,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">陳摶</span></span>推闡<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">易</span>理衍為諸圖,其圖本準<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">易</span>而生,故以卦爻反覆研求無不符合。傳者務神其說,遂歸其圖於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">伏羲</span></span>,謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">易</span>反由圖而作。又因<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">繫辭</span>「<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">河</span></span>圖、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">洛</span></span>書」之文,取大衍算數作五十五點之圖,以當<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">河圖</span>;取<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">乾鑿度</span>太乙行九宮法,造四十五點之圖,以當<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">洛書</span>;其陰陽奇偶,亦一一與<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">易</span>相應。傳者益神其說,又真以為龍馬神龜之所負,謂<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">伏羲</span></span>由此而有先天之圖。實則<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">唐</span></span>以前書絕無一字符驗,而突出於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">北宋</span></span>之初,由<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">邵子</span></span>以及<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">朱子</span></span>,亦但取其數之巧合,而未暇究其太古以來從誰授受,故<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">易學啟蒙</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">易本義</span>前九圖皆沿其說。同時<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">袁樞</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">薛季宣</span></span>皆有異論,然<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;padding-right: 2px;">宋史</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">儒林傳</span>:<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">易學啟蒙</span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">朱子</span></span>本囑<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">蔡元定</span></span>創藁,非<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">朱子</span></span>自撰,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">晦菴大全集</span>載<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">答劉君房書</span>曰:「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">啟蒙</span>本欲學者且就<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">大傳</span>所言卦畫蓍數推尋,不須過為浮說。而自今觀之,如<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">河圖</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">洛書</span>,亦不免尚有賸語。」至於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">本義</span>卷首九圖,為門人所依附,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">朱子</span></span>當日未嘗堅主其說​​。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">元</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">陳應潤</span></span>作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">爻變義蘊</span>,始指諸圖為道家假借。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">吳澄</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">歸有光</span></span>諸人亦相繼排擊,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">毛奇齡</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">黃宗羲</span></span>爭之尤力。然皆各據所見抵其罅隙,尚未能窮溯本末,一一抉所自來。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">渭</span></span>則於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">河圖</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">洛書</span>,五行、九宮,參同、先天、太極,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">龍圖</span>,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">易數鉤隱圖</span>,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">啟蒙圖</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">書</span>,先天、後天、卦變、像數流弊,皆引據舊文,互相參證,以箝依託之口。使學者知<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">圖</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">書</span>之說,乃修鍊、術數二家旁分<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">易</span>學之支流,非作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">易</span>之根柢,視<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">禹貢錐指</span>尤為有功經學。 </p><p>又撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">洪範正論</span>五卷,謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">漢</span>人專取災祥,推衍五行,穿鑿附會,事同讖緯,亂彝倫攸敘之經,其害一;<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">洛書</span>本文具在<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">洪範</span>,非龜文,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">宋</span></span>儒創為黑白之點,方員之體,九十之位,變書為圖,以至九數十數,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">劉牧</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">蔡季通</span></span>紛紜更定,其害二;<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">洪範</span>元無錯簡,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王柏</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">胡一中</span></span>等任意改竄,其害三。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">渭</span></span>又撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">大學翼真</span>七卷,大旨以<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">朱子</span></span>為主,僅謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">格致</span>一章不必補傳,力闢<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王</span></span>學改本之誤。所見切實,視泛為性命理氣之談者,勝之遠矣。 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">渭</span></span>經術湛深,學有根柢,故所論一軌於正。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">漢</span></span>儒傅會之談,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">宋</span></span>儒變亂之論,掃而除焉。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">康熙</span></span>四十三年,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">聖祖</span></span>南巡,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">渭</span></span>以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">禹貢錐指</span>獻行在,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">聖祖</span></span>嘉獎,御書「耆年篤學」四大字賜之,儒者咸以為榮。五十三年,卒,年八十有二。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="子_彥昇"><span id=".E5.AD.90_.E5.BD.A5.E6.98.87"></span>子 彥昇</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="编辑章节:子 彥昇"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">渭</span></span>子<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">彥昇</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">國賢</span></span>。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">雍正</span></span>八年進士,授刑部主事,改<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">山東</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">定陶縣</span></span>知縣。著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">春秋說</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">四書近是</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">叢書錄要</span>。又於樂律尤有心得,著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">樂律表微</span>八卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="同郡_葉佩蓀"><span id=".E5.90.8C.E9.83.A1_.E8.91.89.E4.BD.A9.E8.93.80"></span>同郡 葉佩蓀</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="编辑章节:同郡 葉佩蓀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">渭</span></span>同郡<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">葉佩蓀</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">丹穎</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">歸安</span></span>人。亦治古<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">易</span>,不言<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">圖</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">書</span>,著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">易守</span>四十卷。於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">易</span>中三聖人所未言者不加一字,故曰「守」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="毛奇齡"><span id=".E6.AF.9B.E5.A5.87.E9.BD.A1"></span>毛奇齡</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="编辑章节:毛奇齡"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">毛奇齡</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">大可</span></span>,又名<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">甡</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">蕭山</span></span>人。四歲,母口授<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">大學</span>即成誦。總角,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">陳子龍</span></span>為推官,奇愛之,遂補諸生。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">明</span></span>亡,哭於學宮三日。山賊起,竄身城南山,築土室,讀書其中。 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">順治</span></span>三年,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">明</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">保定伯</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">毛有倫</span></span>以<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">寧波</span></span>兵至<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">西陵</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">奇齡</span></span>入其軍中。是時<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">馬士英</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">方國安</span></span>與<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">有倫</span></span>犄角,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">奇齡</span></span>曰:「<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">方</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">馬</span></span>國賊也,明公為東南建義旗,何可與二賊共事?」<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">國安</span></span>聞之大恨,欲殺之,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">奇齡</span></span>遂脫去。後怨家屢陷之,乃變姓名為<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王士方</span></span>,亡命浪游。及事解,以原名入國學。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">康熙</span></span>十八年,薦舉博學鴻儒科,試列二等,授翰林院檢討,充<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">明史</span>纂修官。二十四年,充會試同考官,尋假歸,得痺疾,遂不復出。 </p><p>初著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">毛詩續傳</span>三十八卷,既以避仇流寓<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">江</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">淮</span></span>間,失其藁,乃就所記憶著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">國風省篇</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">詩札</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">毛詩寫官記</span>。復在<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">江西</span></span>參議道<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">施閏章</span></span>所與<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">湖廣</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">楊洪才</span></span>說<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">詩</span>,作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">白鷺洲主客說詩</span>一卷。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">明</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">嘉靖</span></span>中,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鄞</span></span>人<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">豐坊</span></span>偽造<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">子貢詩傳</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">申培詩說</span>行世,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">奇齡</span></span>作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">詩傳詩說駁議</span>五卷,引證諸書,多所糾正。洎通籍,進所著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">古今通韻</span>十二卷,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">聖祖</span></span>善之,詔付史館。 </p><p>歸田後,僦居<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">杭州</span></span>,著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">仲氏易</span>,一日著一卦,凡六十四日而書成,託於其兄<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">錫齡</span></span>之緒言,故曰「仲氏」。又著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">推易始末</span>四卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">春秋占筮書</span>三卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">易小帖</span>五卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">易韻</span>四卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">河圖洛書原舛編</span>一卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">太極圖說遺議</span>一卷。其言<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">易</span>發明<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">荀</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">虞</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">干</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">侯</span></span>諸家,旁及卦變、卦綜之法。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">奇齡</span></span>分校會闈時,閱<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">春秋</span>房卷,心非<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">胡</span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">傳</span>之偏,有意撰述,至是乃就經文起義,著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">春秋毛氏傳</span>三十六卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">春秋簡書刊誤</span>二卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">春秋屬辭比事記</span>四卷,條例明晰,考據精核。又欲全著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">禮經</span>,以衰病不能,乃次第著昏、喪、祭禮、宗法、廟制及郊、社、禘、祫、明堂、學校諸問答,多發先儒所未及。至於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">論語</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">大學</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">中庸</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">孟子</span>,各有考證,而<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">大學證文</span>及<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">孝經問</span>,援據古今,辨後儒改經之非,持論甚正。 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">奇齡</span></span>淹貫群書,所自負者在經學,然好為駁辨,他人所已言者,必力反其詞。古文<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">尚書</span>自<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">宋</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">吳棫</span></span>後多疑其偽,及<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">閻若璩</span></span>作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">疏證</span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">奇齡</span></span>力辨為真,遂作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">古文尚書冤詞</span>。又刪舊所作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">尚書廣聽錄</span>為五卷,以求勝於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">若璩</span></span>,而<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">周禮</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">儀禮</span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">奇齡</span></span>又以為<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">戰國</span></span>之書。所作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">經問</span>,指名攻駁者,惟<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">顧炎武</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">閻若璩</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">胡渭</span></span>三人。以三人博學重望,足以攻擊,而餘子以下不足齒錄,其傲睨如此。 </p><p>素曉音律,家有<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">明</span></span>代宗籓所傳<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">唐</span></span>樂笛色譜,直史館,據以作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">竟山樂錄</span>四卷。及在籍,聞<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">聖祖</span></span>論樂諭群臣以徑一圍三隔八相生之法,因推闡考證,撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">聖諭樂本解說</span>二卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">皇言定聲錄</span>八卷。三十八年,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">聖祖</span></span>南巡,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">奇齡</span></span>迎駕於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">嘉興</span></span>,以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">樂本解說</span>二卷進,溫諭獎勞。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">聖祖</span></span>三巡至<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">浙</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">奇齡</span></span>复謁行在,賜御書一幅。五十二年,卒於家,年九十一。門人<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">蔣樞</span></span>編輯遺集,分經集、文集二部,經集自<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">仲氏易</span>以下凡五十種,文集合詩、賦、序、記及他雜著凡二百三十四卷。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">四庫全書</span>收<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">奇齡</span></span>所著書目多至四十餘部。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">奇齡</span></span>辨正<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">圖</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">書</span>,排擊異學,尤有功於經義。弟子<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">李塨</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">陸邦烈</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">盛唐</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王錫</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">章大來</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">邵廷寀</span></span>等,著錄者甚眾。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">李塨</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">廷寀</span></span>自有傳。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_陸邦烈"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E9.99.B8.E9.82.A6.E7.83.88"></span>附 陸邦烈</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="编辑章节:附 陸邦烈"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">邦烈</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">又超</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">平湖</span></span>人。嘗取<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">奇齡</span></span>經說所載裒為<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">聖門釋非錄</span>五卷,謂聖問口語未可盡非云。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="閻若璩"><span id=".E9.96.BB.E8.8B.A5.E7.92.A9"></span>閻若璩</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="编辑章节:閻若璩"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">閻若璩</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">百詩</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">太原</span></span>人。世業鹽筴,僑寓<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">淮安</span></span>。父<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">修齡</span></span>,以詩名家。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">若璩</span></span>幼多病,讀書闇記不出聲,年十五,以商籍補<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">山陽縣</span></span>學生員。研究經史,深造自得。嘗集<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">陶弘景</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">皇甫謐</span></span>語題其柱云:「一物不知,以為深恥;遭人而問,少有暇日。」其立志如此。海內名流過<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">淮</span></span>,必主其家。年二十,讀<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">尚書</span>至古文二十五篇,即疑其譌。沉潛三十餘年,乃盡得其癥結所在,作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">古文尚書疏證</span>八卷。引經據古,一一陳其矛盾之故,古文之偽大明。所列一百二十八條,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">毛奇齡</span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">尚書古文冤詞</span>百計相軋,終不能以強辭奪正理,則有據之言先立於不可敗也。 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">康熙</span></span>元年,遊京師,旋改歸<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">太原</span></span>故籍,補廩膳生。十八年,應博學鴻儒科試,報罷。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">崑山</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">顧炎武</span></span>以所撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">日知錄</span>相質,即為改定數條,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">炎武</span></span>虛心從之。編修<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">汪琬</span></span>著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">五服考異</span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">若璩</span></span>糾其謬,尚書<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">徐乾學</span></span>嘆服。及<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">乾學</span></span>奉敕修<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">一統志</span>,開局<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">洞​​庭山</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">若璩</span></span>與其事。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">若璩</span></span>於地理尤精審,山川形勢,州郡沿革,瞭如指掌,撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">四書釋地</span>五卷,及於人名物類訓詁典制,事必求其根柢,言必求其依據,旁參互證,多所貫通。又據<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">孟子</span>七篇,參以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">史記</span>諸書,作<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">孟子生卒年月考</span>一卷。又著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">潛丘劄記</span>六卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">毛朱詩說</span>一卷,手校<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">困學紀聞</span>二十卷,因<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">浚儀</span></span>之舊而駮正箋說推廣之。又有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">日知錄補正</span>,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">喪服異注</span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">宋</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">劉攽</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">李燾</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">馬端臨</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王應麟</span></span>四家逸事,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;padding-right: 2px;">博湖</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">掌錄</span>諸書。 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">世宗</span></span>在潛邸聞其名,延人邸中,索觀所著書,每進一篇必稱善。疾革,請移就城外,以大床為輿,上施青紗帳,二十人舁之出,安穩如床簀。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">康熙</span></span>四十三年,卒,年六十九。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">世宗</span></span>遣使經紀其喪,親制詩四章,復為文祭之。有云:「讀書等身,一字無假,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">孔</span></span>思<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">周</span></span>情,旨深言大。」僉謂非<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">若璩</span></span>不能當也。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="子_詠"><span id=".E5.AD.90_.E8.A9.A0"></span>子 詠</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="编辑章节:子 詠"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>子<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">詠</span></span>。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">康熙</span></span>四十八年進士,官中書​​舍人,亦能文。同時<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">山陽</span></span>學者,有<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">李鎧</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">吳玉搢</span></span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_李鎧"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.9D.8E.E9.8E.A7"></span>附 李鎧</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="编辑章节:附 李鎧"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鎧</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">公凱</span></span>。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">順治</span></span>十八年進士,補<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">奉天</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">蓋平縣</span></span>知縣。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">康熙</span></span>十八年,薦應博學鴻儒科試,授翰林院編修,與修<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">明史</span>,洊官內閣學士。所著有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">讀書雜述</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">史斷</span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王士禎</span></span>稱為有本之學。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_吳玉搢"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.90.B3.E7.8E.89.E6.90.A2"></span>附 吳玉搢</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="编辑章节:附 吳玉搢"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">玉搢</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">藉五</span></span>。官<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鳳陽府</span></span>訓導。著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">山陽志遺</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">金石存</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說文引經考</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">六書述部敘考</span>,又著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">別雅</span>五卷,辨六書之假借,深為有功,非俗儒剽竊所能彷彿也。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="惠周惕"><span id=".E6.83.A0.E5.91.A8.E6.83.95"></span>惠周惕</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="编辑章节:惠周惕"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>惠周惕,字元龍,原名恕,吳縣人。父有聲,以九經教授鄉里,與徐枋善。周惕少從枋遊,又曾受業於汪琬。康熙十八年,舉博學鴻儒科,丁憂,不與試。三十年,成進士,選翰林院庶吉士。散館,改密雲縣知縣,有善政,卒於官。 </p><p>周惕邃於經學,為文章有榘度,著有易傳、春秋三禮問及硯谿詩文集。其詩說二卷,謂大、小雅以音別,不以政別。謂正雅、變雅美刺錯陳,不必分六月以上為正、六月以下為變;文王以下為正、民勞以下為變。謂二南二十六篇,皆房中之樂,不必泥其所指何人。謂天子諸侯均得有頌,魯頌非僭,其言並有依據。清二百餘年談漢儒之學者,必以東吳惠氏為首。惠氏三世傳經,周惕其創始者也。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="子_士奇"><span id=".E5.AD.90_.E5.A3.AB.E5.A5.87"></span>子 士奇</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="编辑章节:子 士奇"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>子士奇,字天牧。康熙五十年進士,選翰林院庶吉士,授編修。兩充會試同考官。聖祖嘗問廷臣,誰工作賦,內閣學士蔣廷錫以王頊齡、湯右曾及士奇三人對。五十七年,孝惠章皇后升祔禮成,特命祭告炎帝陵、舜陵。故事,祭告使臣,學士以上乃得開列,士奇以編修與,異數也。五十九年,充湖廣鄉試正考官,尋提督廣東學政,以經學倡多士,三年之後,通經者多。又謂:「校官古博士也,校官無博士之才,弟子何所效法?」訪得海陽進士翁廷資,即具疏題補韶州府學教授,部議格不行。聖祖曰:「惠士奇所舉,諒非徇私,著如所請,後不為例。」 </p><p>雍正初,復命留任。召還,入對不稱旨,罰修鎮江城,以產盡停工削籍,乾隆元年,復起為侍讀,免欠修城銀,令纂修三禮。越四年,告歸,卒於家。 </p><p>士奇盛年兼治經史,晚尤邃於經學,撰易說六卷,禮說十四卷,春秋說十五卷。於易,雜釋卦爻,以像為主,力矯王弼以來空疏說經之弊。於禮,疏通古音、古字,俱使無疑似,复援引諸子百家之文,或以證明周制,或以參考鄭氏所引之漢制,以遞觀周制,而各闡其制作之深意。於春秋,事實據左氏,論斷多采公、穀,大致出於宋張大亨春秋五禮例宗、沈棐春秋比事,而典核過之。大學說一卷晚出,「親民」不讀「新民」。論格物不外本末終始先後,即絜矩之不外上下前後左右,亦能根極理要,又著交食舉隅三卷,琴笛理數考四卷。子七人,棟最知名。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="子_棟"><span id=".E5.AD.90_.E6.A3.9F"></span>子 棟</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="编辑章节:子 棟"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>棟,字定宇。元和學生員。自幼篤志向學,家多藏書,日夜講誦。於經、史、諸子、稗官野乘及七經毖緯之學,靡不津逮。小學本爾雅,六書本說文,餘及急就章,經典釋文,漢、魏碑碣,自玉篇、廣韻而下勿論也。乾隆十五年,詔舉經明行修之士,陝甘總督尹繼善、兩江總督黃廷桂交章論薦。會大學士、九卿索所著書,未及呈進,罷歸。 </p><p>棟於諸經熟洽貫串,謂詁訓古字古音,非經師不能辨,作九經古義二十二卷。尤邃於易,其撰易漢學八卷,掇拾孟喜、虞翻、荀爽緒論,以見大凡。其末篇附以己意,發明漢易之理,以辨正河圖、洛書、先天、太極之學。易例二卷,乃鎔鑄舊說以發明易之本例,實為棟論易諸家發凡。其撰周易述二十三卷,以荀爽、​​虞翻為主,而參以鄭康成、宋咸、干寶之說,約其旨為注,演其說為疏。書垂成而疾革,遂闕革至未濟十五卦及序卦、雜卦兩傳,雖為未善之書,然漢學之絕者千有五百餘年,至是而粲然復明。撰明堂大道錄八卷,禘說二卷,謂禘行於明堂,明堂法本於易。古文尚書考二卷,辨鄭康成所傳之二十四篇為孔壁真古文,東晉晚出之二十五篇為偽。又撰後漢書補注二十四卷,王士禎精華錄訓纂二十四卷,九曜齋筆記、松崖文鈔諸書。嘉定錢大昕嘗論:「宋、元以來說經之書盈屋充棟,高者蔑古訓以讠誇心得,下者襲人言以為己有。獨惠氏世守古學,而棟所得尤精。擬諸前儒,當在何休、服虔之間,馬融、趙岐輩不及也。」卒,年六十二。其弟子知名者,餘蕭客、江聲最為純實。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_余蕭客"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E4.BD.99.E8.95.AD.E5.AE.A2"></span>附 余蕭客</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="编辑章节:附 余蕭客"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>蕭客,字古農,長洲人。撰古經解鉤沉三十卷,凡唐以前舊說,自諸家經解所引,旁及史傳、類書,片語單詞,悉著於錄。清代經學昌明,著述之家,爭及於古,蕭客是書其一也。蕭客又撰文選紀聞三十卷,文選音義八卷。聲自有傳。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="陳厚耀"><span id=".E9.99.B3.E5.8E.9A.E8.80.80"></span>陳厚耀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="编辑章节:陳厚耀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>陳厚耀,字泗源,泰州人。康熙四十五年進士,官蘇州府學教授。大學士李光地薦其通天文、算法,引見,改內閣中書。上命試以算法,繪三角形,令求中線及弧背尺寸,厚耀具劄以進,皆如式。授翰林院編修,入直內​​廷。厚耀學問淵博,直內廷後,兼通幾何算法,於是其學益進。遷國子監司業,轉左春坊左諭德,以老乞致仕,卒於家。 </p><p>厚耀以天算之法治春秋,嘗補杜預長歷為春秋長歷十卷,其凡有四:一曰歷證,備引漢書、續漢書、晉書、隋書、唐書、宋史、元史、左傳注疏、春秋屬辭、天元歷理諸說,以證推步之異。其引春秋屬辭載杜預論日月差謬一條,為注疏所無。又引大衍歷義春秋歷考一條,亦唐誌所未錄。二曰古歷,以古法十九年為一章,一章之首,推合周曆正月朔日冬至,前列算法,後以春秋十二公紀年,橫列為四章,縱列十二公,積而成表,以求曆元。三曰歷編,舉春秋二百四十二年,推其朔閏及月之大小,而以經、傳干支為證佐,述杜預之說而考辨之。四曰歷存,古歷推隱公元年正月庚戌朔,杜​​氏長歷則為辛巳朔,乃古歷所推上年十二月朔,謂元年以前失一閏,蓋以經、傳干支排次知之。厚耀則謂如預之說,元年至七年中書日者雖多不失,而與二年八月之庚辰、四年二月之戊申又不能合。且隱公三年二月己巳朔日食,桓公三年七月壬辰朔日食,亦皆失之。蓋隱公元年以前非失一閏,乃多一閏,因定隱公元年正月為庚辰朔,較長歷退兩月,推至僖公五年止。以下朔、閏,一一與杜歷相符,故不復續推焉。 </p><p>又撰春秋戰國異辭五十四卷、通表二卷、摭遺一卷,春秋世族譜一卷。鄒平馬驌為繹史,兼採三傳、國語、國策,厚耀則皆摭於五書之外,獨為其難。氏族一書,與顧棟高大事表互證,春秋氏族之學,幾乎備矣。厚耀又著禮記分類、十七史正譌諸書,今不傳。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="臧琳"><span id=".E8.87.A7.E7.90.B3"></span>臧琳</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="编辑章节:臧琳"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>臧琳,字玉林,武進人。諸生。治經以漢注唐疏為主,教人先以爾雅、說文,曰:「不解字,何以讀書?不通訓詁,何以明經?」鍵戶著述,世無知者。有尚書集解百二十卷,經義雜記三十卷。閻若璩稱其深明兩漢之學,錢大昕校定其書,云:「實事求是,別白精審,而未嘗輕詆前哲,斯真務實而不近名者。」 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="玄孫_庸"><span id=".E7.8E.84.E5.AD.AB_.E5.BA.B8"></span>玄孫 庸</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="编辑章节:玄孫 庸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>玄孫庸,本名鏞堂,字在東。與弟禮堂俱事錢塘盧文弨。沉默樸厚,學術精審。續其高祖將絕之學,儗經義雜記為拜經日記八卷,高郵王念孫亟稱之。其敘孟子年譜,辨齊宣王、湣王之譌,閩縣陳壽祺嘆為絕識。又著拜經文集四卷,月令雜說一卷,樂記二十三篇注一卷,孝經考異一卷,子夏易傳一卷,詩考異四卷,韓詩遺說二卷、訂譌一卷,校鄭康成易注二卷。其輯子夏易傳,辨此傳為漢韓嬰作,非卜子夏。其詩考異大旨如王伯厚,但逐條必自考輯,不依循王本。庸初因寶應劉台拱獲交儀徵阮元,其後館元署中為多。元寫其書為副本,以原本還其家。嘉慶十六年,卒,年四十五。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="庸弟_禮堂"><span id=".E5.BA.B8.E5.BC.9F_.E7.A6.AE.E5.A0.82"></span>庸弟 禮堂</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="编辑章节:庸弟 禮堂"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>禮堂,字和貴。事親孝。父繼宏,久瘧,冬月畏火,禮堂潛以身溫被。居喪如禮,笑不見齒。母遘危疾,刲股合藥,私禱於神,減齒以延親壽。娶婦胡,初婚夕教以孝弟,長言令熟聽,乃合卺,一家感而化之。尤精小學,善讎校,為四方賢士所貴。師事錢大昕,業益進。好許氏說文解字,為說文經考十三卷。慕古孝子、孝女、孝婦事,作孝傳百數十卷。尚書集解案六卷,三禮注校字六卷,春秋注疏校正六卷。卒,年三十。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="任啟運"><span id=".E4.BB.BB.E5.95.9F.E9.81.8B"></span>任啟運</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="编辑章节:任啟運"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>任啟運,字翼聖,宜興人。少讀孟子,至卒章,輒哽咽,大懼道統無傳。家貧,無藏書,從人借閱。夜乏膏火,持書就月,至移牆不輟。事父母孝以聞。年五十四,舉於鄉。雍正十一年,計偕至都,會世宗問有精通性理之學者,尚書張照以啟運名上。特詔廷試,以「太極似何物」對,進呈御覽,得旨嘉獎。會成進士,遂於臚唱前一日引見,特授翰林院檢討,在阿哥書房行走。上嘗問以「朝聞夕死」之旨,啟運對以「生死一理,未知生,焉知死」。上曰:「此是賢人分上事,未到聖人地位。從此作去,久自知之。」逾年抱疾,賜藥賜醫,越月謝恩,特諭繞廊而進。面稱:「知汝非堯、舜不敢以陳於王前。」務令自愛。令侍臣扶掖以出,且遙望之。 </p><p>高宗登基,仍命在書房行走,署日講起居注官,尋擢中允。乾隆四年,遷侍講,晉侍講學士。七年,擢都察院左僉都御史。八年,充三禮館副總裁官,尋升宗人府府丞。九年,卒於賜第,年七十五。賜帑金治喪具,賜祭葬。 </p><p>啟運學宗朱子,嘗謂諸經已有子朱子傳,獨未及禮經,乃著肆獻祼饋食禮三卷。以儀禮特性、少牢、饋食禮皆士禮,因據三禮及他傳記之有關王禮者推之,不得於經,則求諸注疏以補之,凡五篇:一曰祭統,二曰吉蠲,三曰朝踐,四曰正祭,五曰繹祭。其名則取周禮「以肆獻祼享先王」、「以饋食享先王」之文,較之黃幹所續祭禮,更為精密。又宮室考十三卷,於李如圭釋宮之外別為類次:曰門,曰觀,曰朝,曰廟,曰寢,曰塾,曰寧,曰等威,曰名物,曰門大小廣狹,曰明堂,曰方明,曰辟雍,考據頗為精核。儀禮一經,久成絕學,啟運研究鉤貫,使條理秩然,不愧窮經之目。又禮記章句十卷,以大學、中庸,朱子既成章句,則曲禮以下四十七篇,皆可釐為章句。但所傳篇次序列紛錯,爰仿鄭康成序儀禮例,更其前後,並為四十二篇。其有關倫紀之大,而為秦、漢、元、明輕變易者,則眾著其說,以俟後之論禮者酌取。外有周易洗心九卷,四書約指十九卷,孝經章句十卷,夏小正注,竹書紀年考,逸書補,孟子時事考,清芬樓文集等書,其周易洗心則年六十時作,觀像玩辭,時闡精理。 </p><p>啟運研窮刻苦,既受特達之知,益思報稱。年七十二,猶書自責語曰:「孔、曾、思、孟,實惟汝師。日面命汝,汝頑不知,痛自懲責,涕泗漣洏。嗚呼老矣,瞑目為期。」及總裁三禮館,喜甚,因盡發中秘所儲,平心參訂,目營手寫,漏常二十刻不輟。論必本天道,酌人情,務求合朱子遺意,而心神煎耗,竟以是終。 </p><p>十四年,詔舉經學,上諭有「任啟運研窮經術,敦樸可嘉」之語。三十七年,命中外蒐集古今群書,高宗諭曰:「歷代名臣,洎本朝士林夙望,向有詩文專集及近時沉潛經史,原本風雅,如顧棟高、陳祖範、任啟運、沈德潛輩,亦各著成編,並非剿說卮言可比。均應概行查明,在坊肆者或量為給價,家藏者或官為裝印。至有未經鐫刊祗系鈔本存留者,不妨鈔錄副本,仍將原本給還。庶幾副在石渠,用儲一覽。」於是上啟運所著書四種,入四庫中。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="全祖望"><span id=".E5.85.A8.E7.A5.96.E6.9C.9B"></span>全祖望</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="编辑章节:全祖望"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">全祖望</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">紹衣</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鄞縣</span></span>人。十六歲能為古文。討論經史,證明掌故。補諸生。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">雍正</span></span>七年,督學<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王蘭生</span></span>選以充貢,入京師,旋舉順天鄉試。戶部侍郎<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">李紱</span></span>見其文,曰:「此<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">深寧</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">東發</span></span>後一人也!」<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">乾隆</span></span>元年,薦舉博學鴻詞。是春會試,先成進士,選翰林院庶吉士,不再與試。時<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">張廷玉</span></span>當國,與<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">李紱</span></span>不相能,並惡<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">祖望</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">祖望</span></span>又不往見,二年,散館,寘之最下等,歸班以知縣用,遂不復出。方詞科諸人未集,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">紱</span></span>以問<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">祖望</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">祖望</span></span>為記四十餘人,各列所長。性伉直,既歸,貧且病,饔飧不給,人有所餽,弗受。主<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">蕺山</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">端谿書院</span></span>講席,為士林仰重。二十年,卒於家,年五十有一。 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">祖望</span></span>為學,淵博無涯涘,於書無不貫串。在翰林,與<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">紱</span></span>共借<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">永樂大典</span>讀之,每日各盡二十卷。時開<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">明史館</span></span>,復為書六通移之,先論藝文,次論表,次論忠義、隱逸兩列傳,皆以其言為韙。生平服膺<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">黃宗羲</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">宗羲</span></span>表章<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">明</span></span>季忠節諸人,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">祖望</span></span>益廣修<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">枌社</span></span>掌​​故、桑海遺聞以益之,詳盡而核實,可當續史。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">宗羲</span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">宋元學案</span>甫創草藁,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">祖望</span></span>博採諸書為之補輯,編成百卷。又七校<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">水經注</span>,三箋<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">困學紀聞</span>,皆足見其汲古之深。又答弟子<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">董秉純</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">張炳</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">蔣學鏞</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">盧鎬</span></span>等所問經史疑義,錄為<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">經史問答</span>十卷。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">儀徵</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">阮元</span></span>嘗謂經學、史才、詞科三者得一足傳,而<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">祖望</span></span>兼之。其<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">經史問答</span>,實足以繼古賢,啟後學,與<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">顧炎武</span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">日知錄</span>相埒。晚年定文藁,刪其十七,為<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">鮚埼亭文集</span>五十卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="弟子_蔣學鏞"><span id=".E5.BC.9F.E5.AD.90_.E8.94.A3.E5.AD.B8.E9.8F.9E"></span>弟子 蔣學鏞</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="编辑章节:弟子 蔣學鏞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>弟子同縣<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">蔣學鏞</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">聲始</span></span>。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">乾隆</span></span>三十六年舉人。從<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">祖望</span></span>得聞<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">黃</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">萬</span></span>學派,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">學鏞</span></span>尤得史學之傳。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="弟子_董秉純"><span id=".E5.BC.9F.E5.AD.90_.E8.91.A3.E7.A7.89.E7.B4.94"></span>弟子 董秉純</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="编辑章节:弟子 董秉純"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">董秉純</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">小鈍</span></span>。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">乾隆</span></span>十八年拔貢,補<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">廣西</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">那地州</span></span>州判,升<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">秦安縣</span></span>知縣。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">全祖望</span></span>文內、外集,均<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">秉純</span></span>一手編定。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="沈彤"><span id=".E6.B2.88.E5.BD.A4"></span>沈彤</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="编辑章节:沈彤"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>沈彤,字果堂,吳江人。自少力學,以窮經為事。貫​​串前人之異同,折衷至當。乾隆元年,薦舉博學鴻詞報罷,與修三禮及一統志。書成,授九品官,以親老歸。 </p><p>彤淹通三禮,以歐陽修有周禮官多田少,祿且不給之疑,後人多沿其說,即有辨者,不過以攝官為詞。乃詳究周制,撰周官祿田考,以辨正歐說。分官爵數、公田數、祿田數三篇,積算至為精密。其說自鄭注、賈疏以後,可云特出。又撰儀禮小疏一卷,取士冠禮、士昏禮、公食大夫禮、喪服、士喪禮為之疏箋,足訂舊義之譌。其果堂集十二卷,多訂正經學之文,若周官頒田異同說,五溝異同說,井田軍賦說,釋周官地徵等篇,皆援據典核。又撰春秋左氏傳小疏,尚書小疏,氣穴考略,內經本論。 </p><p>彤性至孝,親歿,三年中不茹葷,不內寢。居恆每講求經世之務,所著保甲論,其後吳德旋見之,稱為最善雲。卒,年六十五。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_蔡德晉"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E8.94.A1.E5.BE.B7.E6.99.89"></span>附 蔡德晉</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="编辑章节:附 蔡德晉"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>蔡德晉,字仁錫,無錫人。雍正四年舉人。乾隆二年,禮部尚書楊名時薦德晉經明行修,授國子監學正,遷工部司務。德晉嘗謂橫渠以禮教人,最得孔門博約之旨,故其律身甚嚴。其論三禮,多前人所未發。著禮經本義十七卷,禮傳本義二十卷,通禮五十卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_盛世佐"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E7.9B.9B.E4.B8.96.E4.BD.90"></span>附 盛世佐</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="编辑章节:附 盛世佐"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>盛世佐,字庸三,秀水人。官貴州龍里知縣。撰儀禮集編四十卷,集眾解而研辨之,持論謹嚴。又楊復儀禮圖久行於世,然其說本注疏,而時有並註疏之意失之者,一一是正,至於諸家謬誤,辨之尤詳焉。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="江永"><span id=".E6.B1.9F.E6.B0.B8"></span>江永</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32" title="编辑章节:江永"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>江永,字慎修,婺源人。為諸生數十年,博通古今,專心十三經注疏,而於三禮功尤深。以朱子晚年治禮,為儀禮經傳通解。書未就,黃氏、楊氏相繼纂續,亦非完書。乃廣摭博討,大綱細目,一從吉、兇、軍、嘉、賓五禮舊次,題曰禮經綱目,凡八十八卷。引據諸書,釐正發明,實足終朱子未竟之緒。嘗一至京師,桐城方苞、荊谿吳紱質以禮經疑義,皆大折服。讀書好深思,長於比勘,明推步、鐘律、聲韻。歲實消長,前人多論之者,梅文鼎略舉授時,而亦疑之。永為之說,當以恆氣為率,隨其時之高衝以算定氣,而歲實消長勿論,其說至為精當。其論黃鍾之宮,據管子、呂氏春秋以正淮南子,其論古韻平、上、去三聲,皆當為十三部,入聲當為八部,而三代以上之音,始有條不紊。晚年讀書有得,隨筆撰記。謂周易以反對為次序,卦變當於反對取之。否反為泰,泰反為否,故「小往大來」,「大往小來」,是其例也。凡曰來、曰下、曰反,自反卦之外卦來居內卦也。曰往、曰上、曰進、曰升,自反卦之內卦往居外卦也。又謂兵、農之分,春秋時已然,不起於秦、漢。證以管子、左傳,兵常近國都,野處之農固不隸於師旅也。其於經、傳稽考精審多類此。 </p><p>所著有周禮疑義舉要七卷,禮記訓義擇言六卷,深衣考誤一卷,律呂闡微十卷,律呂新論二卷,春秋地理考實四卷,鄉黨圖考十一卷,讀書隨筆十二卷,古韻標準四卷,四聲切韻表四卷,音學辨微一卷,河洛精蘊九卷,推步法解五卷,七政衍、金水二星發微、冬至權度、恆氣注歷辨、歲實消長辨、歷學補論、中西合法擬草各一卷,近思錄集注十四卷,考訂朱子世家一卷。乾隆二十七年,卒,年八十二。弟子甚眾,而戴震、程瑤田、金榜尤得其傳。雲、榜自有傳。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="弟子_程瑤田"><span id=".E5.BC.9F.E5.AD.90_.E7.A8.8B.E7.91.A4.E7.94.B0"></span>弟子 程瑤田</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33" title="编辑章节:弟子 程瑤田"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>瑤田,字易疇,歙人。讀書好深沉之思,學於江氏。乾隆三十五年舉人,選授太倉州學正。以身率教,廉潔自持。告歸之日,錢大昕、王鳴盛皆贈詩推重,至與平湖陸隴其並稱。嘉慶元年,舉孝廉方正。同時舉者,推錢大昭、江聲、陳鱣三人,阮元獨謂瑤田足以冠之。平生著述,長於旁搜曲證,不屑依傍傳注,所著曰喪服足徵記,宗法小記,溝洫疆裡小記,禹貢三江考,九穀考,磬折古義,水地小記,解字小記,聲律小記,考工創物小記,釋草釋蟲小記。年老目盲,猶口授孫輩成琴音記。東原戴氏自謂尚遜其精密。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="褚寅亮"><span id=".E8.A4.9A.E5.AF.85.E4.BA.AE"></span>褚寅亮</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34" title="编辑章节:褚寅亮"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>褚寅亮,字搢升,長洲人。乾隆十六年召試舉人,授內閣中書,官至刑部員外郎。寅亮少以博雅名,心思精銳,於史書魯魚,一見便能訂其誤謬。中年覃精經術,一以注疏為歸。從事禮經幾三十年,墨守家法,專主鄭學。鄭氏周禮、禮記注,妄庸人群起嗤點之,獨儀禮為孤學,能發揮者固絕無,而謬加指摘者亦尚少。惟敖繼公集說,多巧竄經文,陰就己說。後儒苦經注難讀,喜其平易,無疵之者。萬斯大、沈彤於鄭注亦多所糾駮,至張爾岐、馬駉但粗為演繹,其於敖氏之似是而非,均未能正其失也。寅亮著儀禮管見三卷,於敖氏洞見其癥結,驅豁其雺霧。 </p><p>時公羊何氏學久無循習者,所謂五始、三科、九旨、七等、六輔、二類之義,不傳於世,惟武進莊存與默會其解,而寅亮能闡發之,撰公羊釋例三十篇。謂三傳惟公羊為漢學,孔子作春秋,本為後王制作,訾議公羊者,實違經旨。又因何劭公言禮有殷制,有時王之制,與周禮不同,作周禮公羊異義二卷,世稱為絕業。又長於算術,著句股廣問三卷,校正三統術衍刊本誤字甚多,其中月相求六扐之數句,六扐當作七扐;推閏餘所在加十得一句,加十當作加七:皆寅亮說也。 </p><p>著有十三經筆記十卷,諸史筆記八卷,諸子筆記二卷,名家文集筆記七卷,藏於家。四十六年,以病告歸,主常州龍城書院八年。五十五年,卒,年七十六。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="盧文弨"><span id=".E7.9B.A7.E6.96.87.E5.BC.A8"></span>盧文弨</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35" title="编辑章节:盧文弨"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>盧文弨,字召弓,餘姚人。父存心,乾隆初舉博學鴻詞科。文弨,乾隆十七年一甲進士,授翰林院編修,上書房行走。歷官左春坊左中允、翰林院侍讀學士。三十年,充廣東鄉試正考官。三十一年,提督湖南學政,以條陳學政事宜,部議降三級用。三十三年,乞養歸。 </p><p>文弨孝謹篤厚,潛心漢學,與戴震、段玉裁友善。好校書,所校逸周書、孟子音義、荀子、呂氏春秋、賈誼新書、韓詩外傳、春秋繁露、方言、白虎通、獨斷、經典釋文諸善本,鏤板惠學者。又苦鏤板難多,則合經、史、子、集三十八種而名之曰群書拾補。所自著書有抱經堂集三十四卷,儀禮注疏詳校十七卷,鍾山劄記四卷,龍城劄記三卷,廣雅釋天以下注二卷,皆使學者諟正積非,蓄疑渙釋。其言曰:「唐人之為義疏也,本單行,不與經注合。單行經注,唐以後尚多善本,自宋後附疏於經注,而所附之經注非必孔、賈諸人所據之本也,則兩相齟《齒吾》矣。南宋後又附經典釋文於注疏間,而陸氏所據之經注,又非孔、賈諸人所據也,則齟《齒吾》更多矣。淺人必比而同之,則彼此互改,多失其真,幸有改之不盡,以滋其齟《齒吾》,啟人考核者,故注疏、釋文合刻,似便而非古法也。」其特識多類此。 </p><p>文弨歷主江、浙各書院講席,以經術導士,江、浙士子多信從之,學術為之一變。六十年,卒,年七十九。 </p><p>文弨校書,參合各本,擇善而從,頗引他書改本書,而不專主一說,故嚴元照詆其儀禮詳校,顧廣圻譏其釋文考證,後黃丕烈影宋刻書,各本同異另編於後,兩家各有宗旨,亦互相補苴云。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_顧廣圻"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E9.A1.A7.E5.BB.A3.E5.9C.BB"></span>附 顧廣圻</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36" title="编辑章节:附 顧廣圻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>顧廣圻,字千里,元和人。諸生。吳中自惠氏父子後,江聲繼之,後進翕然多好古窮經之士。廣圻讀惠氏書,盡通其義。論經學云:「漢人治經,最重師法。古文今文,其說各異。若混而一之,則轇轕不勝矣。」論小學云:「說文一書,不過為六書發凡,原非字義盡於此。」 </p><p>廣圻天質過人,經、史、訓詁、天算、輿地靡不貫通,至於目錄之學,尤為專門,時人方之王仲寶、阮孝緒。兼工校讎,同時孫星衍、張敦仁、黃丕烈、胡克家延校宋本說文、禮記、儀禮、國語、國策、文選諸書,皆為之札記,考定文字,有益後學。乾、嘉間以校讎名家,文弨及廣圻為最著雲。又時為漢學者多譏宋儒,廣圻獨取先儒語錄,摘其切近者,為遯翁苦口一卷,以教學者。著有思適齋文集十八卷。道光十九年,卒,年七十。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="錢大昕"><span id=".E9.8C.A2.E5.A4.A7.E6.98.95"></span>錢大昕</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=37" title="编辑章节:錢大昕"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">錢大昕</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">曉徵</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">嘉定</span></span>人。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">乾隆</span></span>十六年召試舉人,授內閣中書。十九年進士,選翰林院庶吉士,散館授編修。大考二等一名,擢右春坊右贊善。累充<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">山東</span></span>鄉試、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">湖南</span></span>鄉試正考官,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">浙江</span></span>鄉試副考官。大考一等三名,擢翰林院侍講學士。三十二年,乞假歸。三十四年,補原官。入直上書房,遷詹事府少詹事,充<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">河南</span></span>鄉試正考官。尋提督<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">廣東</span></span>學政。四十年,丁父艱,服闋,又丁母艱,病不復出。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">嘉慶</span></span>九年,卒,年七十七。 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">大昕</span></span>幼慧,善讀書。時<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">元和</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">惠棟</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">吳江</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">沈彤</span></span>以經術稱,其學求之<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">十三經注疏</span>,又求之<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">唐</span></span>以前子、史、小學。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">大昕</span></span>推而廣之,錯綜貫串,發古人所未發。任中書時,與<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">吳烺</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">褚寅亮</span></span>同習<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">梅氏</span></span>算術。及入翰林,禮部尚書<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">何國宗</span></span>世業天文,年已老,聞其善算,先往見之,曰:「今同館諸公談此道者鮮矣。」 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">大昕</span></span>於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">中</span></span>、西兩法,剖析無遺。用以觀史,自太初、三統、四分,中至大衍,下迄授時,朔望薄蝕,凌犯進退,抉摘無遺。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">漢</span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">三統術</span>為七十餘家之權輿,訛文奧義,無能正之者。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">大昕</span></span>衍之,據<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">班</span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">志</span>以闡<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">劉歆</span></span>之說,裁<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">志</span>文之訛,二千年已絕之學,昭然若發蒙。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">大昕</span></span>又謂:「古法歲陰與太歲不同,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;padding-right: 2px;">淮南</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">天文訓</span>攝提以下十二名,皆謂歲陰所在。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">史記</span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">太初</span></span>元年年名焉逢、攝提格者,歲陰,非太歲也。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">東漢</span></span>後不用歲陰紀年,又不知太歲超辰之法,乃以<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">太初</span></span>元年為丁丑歲,則與<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">史</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">漢</span>之文皆悖矣。」又謂:「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">尚書緯</span>四遊升降之說,即西法日躔最高、卑之說,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">宋</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">楊忠輔</span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">統天術</span>以距差乘躔差,減氣汎積為定積,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">梅文鼎</span></span>謂<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">郭守敬</span></span>加減歲餘法出於此。但<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">統天</span>求汎積,必先減氣差十九日有奇,與<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">郭</span></span>又異,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">文鼎</span></span>不能言。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">大昕</span></span>推之同,凡步氣朔,必以甲子日起算,今<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">統天</span>上元冬至乃戊子日,不值甲子,依<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">授時</span>法當加氣應二十四日有奇,乃得從甲子起。今減去氣差,是以上元冬至後甲子日起算也。既如此,當減氣應三十五日有奇,今減十九日有奇者,去躔差之數不算也。求天正經朔又減閏差者,經朔當從合朔起算。今推得<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">統天</span>上元冬至後第一朔乃乙丑戌初二刻弱,故必減閏差而後以朔實除之,即<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">授時</span>之朔應也。」 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">大昕</span></span>始以辭章名,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">沈德潛</span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">吳中七子詩選</span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">大昕</span></span>居一。既乃研精經、史,於經義之聚訟難決者,皆能剖析源流。文字、音韻、訓詁、天算、地理、氏族、金石以及古人爵裡、事實、年齒,瞭如指掌。古人賢姦是非疑似難明者,典章制度昔人不能明斷者,皆有確見。惟不喜二氏書,嘗曰:「立德立功立言,吾儒之不朽也。先儒言<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">釋氏</span></span>近於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">墨</span></span>,予以為<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">釋氏</span></span>亦終於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">楊氏</span></span>為己而已。彼棄父母而學道,是視己重於父母也。」 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">大昕</span></span>在館時,常與修<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">音韻述微</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">續文獻通考</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">續通志</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">一統志</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">天球圖</span>諸書。所著有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">唐石經考異</span>一卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">經典文字考異</span>一卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">聲類</span>四卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">廿二史考異</span>一百卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">唐書史臣表</span>一卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">唐五代學士年表</span>二卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">宋學士年表</span>一卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">元史氏族表</span>三卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">元史藝文志</span>四卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">三史拾遺</span>五卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">諸史拾遺</span>五卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">通鑑注辨證</span>三卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">四史朔閏考</span>四卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">吳興舊德錄</span>四卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">先德錄</span>四卷,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">洪文惠</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">洪文敏</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王伯厚</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王弇州</span></span>四家<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">年譜</span>各一卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">疑年錄</span>三卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">潛揅堂文集</span>五十卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">詩集</span>二十卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">潛揅堂金石文跋尾</span>二十五卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">養新錄</span>二十三卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">恆言錄</span>六卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">竹汀日記鈔</span>三卷​​。族子<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">塘</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">坫</span></span>,能傳其學。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="族子_塘"><span id=".E6.97.8F.E5.AD.90_.E5.A1.98"></span>族子 塘</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=38" title="编辑章节:族子 塘"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">塘</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">學淵</span></span>。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">乾隆</span></span>四十五年進士,改教職,選<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">江寧府</span></span>學教授。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">塘</span></span>少<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">大昕</span></span>七歲,相與共學,又與<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">大昕</span></span>弟<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">大昭</span></span>及弟<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">坫</span></span>相切磋,為實事求是之學,於聲音文字、律呂推步尤有神解。著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">律呂古義</span>六卷,據所得<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">漢</span></span>慮俿銅尺正<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">荀勖</span></span>以<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">劉歆</span></span>銅斛尺為<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">周</span></span>尺之非。謂<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">周</span></span>本八寸尺,不可以製律,律必用十寸尺,即昔人所云<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">夏</span></span>尺。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">周</span></span>因<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">夏</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">商</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">夏</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">商</span></span>因<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">唐</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">虞</span></span>,古律當無異度。又<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">史記三書釋疑</span>三卷,於律曆天官家言皆究其原本,而以他書疏通證明之。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">律書</span>「上九、商八、羽七、角六、宮五、徵九」數語,注家皆不能曉,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">小司馬</span></span>疑其數錯。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">塘</span></span>據<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">淮南子</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">太玄經</span>證之,始信其確。又著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">泮宮雅樂釋律</span>四卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說文聲繫</span>二十卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">淮南天文訓補注</span>三卷。其所作古文曰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">述古編</span>凡四卷。卒,年五十六。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="族子_坫"><span id=".E6.97.8F.E5.AD.90_.E5.9D.AB"></span>族子 坫</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=39" title="编辑章节:族子 坫"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">坫</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">獻之</span></span>。副榜貢生。遊京師,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">朱筠</span></span>引為上客。以直隸州州判官於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">陝</span></span>,與<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">洪亮吉</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">孫星衍</span></span>討論訓詁輿地之學,論者謂<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">坫</span></span>沉博不及<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">大昕</span></span>,而精當過之。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">嘉慶</span></span>二年,教匪擾<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">陝西</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">坫</span></span>時署<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">華州</span></span>,率眾乘城,力遏其衝。城無弓矢,仿古為合竹強弓,厚背紙為翎,二人共發之,達百五十步;又以意為發石之法,石重十斤,達三百步:前後斃賊無算,城獲全。以積勞得末疾,引歸。著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">史記補注</span>百三十卷,詳於音訓及郡縣沿革、山川所在。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">陝甘</span></span>總督<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">松筠</span></span>重其品學,親至臥榻問疾,索未刊著述,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">坫</span></span>取付之。曰:「三十年精力,盡於此書矣!」十一年,卒,年六十六。又有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">詩音表</span>一卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">車制考</span>一卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">論語後錄</span>五卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">爾雅釋義</span>十卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">釋地以下四篇注</span>四卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">十經文字通正書</span>十四卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說文斠銓</span>十四卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">新斠注地理志</span>十六卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">漢書十表注</span>十卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">聖賢塚墓誌</span>十二卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="王鳴盛"><span id=".E7.8E.8B.E9.B3.B4.E7.9B.9B"></span>王鳴盛</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=40" title="编辑章节:王鳴盛"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王鳴盛</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鳳喈</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">嘉定</span></span>人。幼從<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">長洲</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">沈德潛</span></span>受詩,後又從<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">惠棟</span></span>問經義,遂通漢學。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">乾隆</span></span>十九年,以一甲進士授翰林院編修,大考翰詹第一,擢侍讀學士。充<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">福建</span></span>鄉試正考官,尋擢內閣學士,兼禮部侍郎。坐濫支驛馬,左遷光祿寺卿。丁內艱,遂不復出。 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鳴盛</span></span>性儉素,無聲色玩好之娛,晏坐一室,吚唔如寒士。嘗言:「<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">漢</span></span>人說經必守家法,自<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">唐</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">貞觀</span></span>撰諸經義疏而家法亡,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">宋</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">元豐</span></span>以新經學取士而<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">漢</span></span>學殆絕,今好古之儒皆知崇注疏矣,然注疏惟<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">詩</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">三禮</span>及<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">公羊傳</span>猶是<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">漢</span></span>人家法,他經注則出<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">魏</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">晉</span></span>人。未為醇備。」著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">尚書後案</span>三十卷,專述<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鄭康成</span></span>之學,若<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">鄭注</span>亡逸,採<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">馬</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王</span></span>注補之。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">孔傳</span>雖出<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">東晉</span></span>,其訓詁猶有傳授,間一取焉。又謂<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">東晉</span></span>所獻之<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">太誓</span>偽,而<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">唐</span></span>人所斥之<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">太誓</span>非偽,故附書今文<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">太誓</span>一篇,存古之功,自謂不減<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">惠氏</span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">周易述</span>也。又著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">周禮軍賦說</span>四卷,發明<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鄭氏</span></span>之旨。又<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">十七史商榷</span>一百卷,於一史中紀、志、表、傳互相稽考,因而得其異同,又取稗史叢說以證其舛誤,於輿地、職官、典章、名物每致詳焉。別撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">蛾術編</span>一百卷,其為目十:<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說錄</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說字</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說地</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說制</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說人</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說物</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說集</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說刻</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說通</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說系</span>,蓋仿<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王應麟</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">顧炎武</span></span>之意,而援引尤博。詩以才輔學,以韻達情。古文用<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">歐</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">曾</span></span>之法,闡<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">許</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鄭</span></span>之義,有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">詩文集</span>四十卷。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">嘉慶</span></span>二年,卒,年七十六。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="弟子_金曰追"><span id=".E5.BC.9F.E5.AD.90_.E9.87.91.E6.9B.B0.E8.BF.BD"></span>弟子 金曰追</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=41" title="编辑章节:弟子 金曰追"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>弟子同縣<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">金曰追</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">對揚</span></span>。諸生。深於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">九經正義</span>,每有疑譌,隨條輒錄,先成<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">儀禮注疏正偽</span>十七卷。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">阮元</span></span>奉詔校勘<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">儀禮石經</span>,多采其說。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="吳凌雲"><span id=".E5.90.B3.E5.87.8C.E9.9B.B2"></span>吳凌雲</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=42" title="编辑章节:吳凌雲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>時同縣通經學者,有<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">吳凌雲</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">得青</span></span>。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">嘉慶</span></span>五年歲貢。讀書深造,經師遺說,靡不通貫。嘗假館<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">錢大昕</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">孱守齋</span></span>,盡讀所藏書,學益邃。所著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">十三經考異</span>,援據精核,多前人所未發。又<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">經說</span>三卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">小學說</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">廣韻說</span>各一卷,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">海鹽</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">陳其幹</span></span>為合刊之,題曰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">吳氏遺著</span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="戴震"><span id=".E6.88.B4.E9.9C.87"></span>戴震</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=43" title="编辑章节:戴震"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">戴震</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">東原</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">休寧</span></span>人。讀書好深湛之思,少時塾師授以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說文</span>,三年盡得其節目。年十六七,研精注疏,實事求是,不主一家。與郡人<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鄭牧</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">汪肇龍</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">方矩</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">程瑤田</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">金榜</span></span>從<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">婺源</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">江永</span></span>遊,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">震</span></span>出所學質之<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">永</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">永</span></span>為之駭嘆。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">永</span></span>精<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">禮</span>經及推步、鐘律、音聲、文字之學,惟<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">震</span></span>能得其全。 </p><p>性特介。年二十八補諸生,家屢空,而學日進。與<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">吳縣</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">惠棟</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">吳江</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">沈彤</span></span>為忘年友。以避仇入都,北方學者如<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">獻縣</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">紀昀</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">大興</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">朱筠</span></span>,南方學者如<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">嘉定</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">錢大昕</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王鳴盛</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">餘姚</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">盧文弨</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">青浦</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王昶</span></span>,皆折節與交。尚書<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">秦蕙田</span></span>纂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">五禮通考</span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">震</span></span>任其事焉。 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">乾隆</span></span>二十七年,舉鄉試,三十八年,詔開<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">四庫館</span></span>,徵海內淹貫之士司編校之職,總裁薦<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">震</span></span>充纂修。四十年,特命與會試中式者同赴殿試,賜同進士出身,改翰林院庶吉士。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">震</span></span>以文學受知,出入著作之庭。館中有奇文疑義,輒就諮訪。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">震</span></span>亦思勤修其職,晨夕披檢,無間寒暑。經進圖籍,論次精審。所校<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">大戴禮記</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">水經注</span>尤精核。又於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">永樂大典</span>內得<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">九章</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">五曹算經</span>七種,皆<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王錫闡</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">梅文鼎</span></span>所未見。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">震</span></span>正譌補脫以進,得旨刊行。四十二年,卒於官,年五十有五。 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">震</span></span>之學,由聲音、文字以求訓詁,由訓詁以尋義理。謂:「義理不可空憑胸臆,必求之於古經。求之古經而遺文垂絕,今古懸隔,必求之古訓。古訓明則古經明,古經明則賢人聖人之義理明,而我心之同然者,乃因之而明。義理非他,存乎典章制度者也。彼歧古訓、義理而二之,是古訓非以明義理,而義理不寓乎典章制度,勢必流入於異學曲說而不自知也。」 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">震</span></span>為學精誠解辨,每立一義,初若創獲,乃參考之,果不可易。大約有三:曰小學,曰測算,曰典章制度。 </p><p>其小學書有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">六書論</span>三卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">聲韻考</span>四卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">聲類表</span>九卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">方言疏證</span>十卷。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">漢</span></span>以後轉注之學失傳,好古如<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">顧炎武</span></span>,亦不深省。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">震</span></span>謂:「指事、象形、諧聲、會意四者為書之體,假借、轉注二者為書之用。一字具數用者為假借,數字共一用者為轉注。初、哉、首、基之皆為始,工卩、吾、台、予之皆為我,其義轉相注也。」又自<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">漢</span></span>以來,古音浸微,學者於六書之故,靡所從入。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">顧氏</span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">古音表</span>,入聲與<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">廣韻</span>相反。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">震</span></span>謂:「有入無入之韻,當兩兩相配,以入聲為之樞紐。真至仙十四韻,與脂、微、齊、皆、灰五韻同入聲;東至江四韻及陽至登八韻,與支、之、佳、咍、蕭、宵、餚、豪、尤、侯、幽十一韻同入聲;浸至凡九韻之入聲,則從<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">廣韻</span>,無與之配。魚、虞、模、歌、戈、麻六韻,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">廣韻</span>無入聲,今同以鐸為入聲,不與唐相配。而古音遞轉及六書諧聲之故,胥可由此得之。」皆古人所未發。 </p><p>其測算書<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">原像</span>一卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">迎日推策記</span>一卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">句股割圜記</span>三卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">曆問</span>一卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">古曆考</span>二卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">續天文略</span>三卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">策算</span>一卷。自<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">漢</span></span>以來,疇人不知有黃極,西人入<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">中國</span></span>,始云赤道極之外又有黃道極,是為七政恆星右旋之樞,詫為<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">六經</span>所未有。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">震</span></span>謂:「西人所云赤極,即<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">周髀</span>之正北極也,黃極即<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">周髀</span>之北極璿璣也。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">虞書</span>'在璿璣玉衡,以齊七政',蓋設璿璣以擬黃道極也。黃極在柱史星東南,上弼、少弼之間,終古不隨歲差而改。赤極居中,黃極環繞其外,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">周髀</span>固已言之,不始於西人也。」 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">震</span></span>所著典章制度之書未成。有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">詩經二南補注</span>二卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">毛鄭詩考</span>四卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">尚書義考</span>一卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">儀經考正</span>一卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">考工記圖</span>二卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">春秋即位改元考</span>一卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">大學補注</span>一卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">中庸補注</span>一卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">孟子字義疏證</span>三卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">爾雅文字考</span>十卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">經說</span>四卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">水地記</span>一卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">水經注</span>四十卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">九章補圖</span>一卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">屈原賦注</span>七卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">通釋</span>三卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">原善</span>三卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">緒言</span>三卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">直隸河渠書</span>一百有二卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">氣穴記</span>一卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">藏府算經論</span>四卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">葬法贅言</span>四卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">文集</span>十卷。 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">震</span></span>卒後,其小學,則<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">高郵</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王念孫</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">金壇</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">段玉裁</span></span>傳之;測算之學,曲阜<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">孔廣森</span></span>傳之;典章制度之學,則<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">興化</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">任大椿</span></span>傳之:皆其弟子也。後十餘年,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">高宗</span></span>以<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">震</span></span>所校<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">水經注</span>問南書房諸臣曰:「<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">戴震</span></span>尚在否?」對曰:「已死。」上惋惜久之。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王念孫</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">段玉裁</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">孔廣森</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">任大椿</span></span>自有傳。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_金榜"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E9.87.91.E6.A6.9C"></span>附 金榜</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=44" title="编辑章节:附 金榜"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">金榜</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">輔之</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">歙縣</span></span>人。乾隆二十九年召試舉人,授內閣中書,軍機處行走。三十七年一甲一名進士,授翰林院修撰。散館後,養疴讀書不復出,卒於家。師事<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">江永</span></span>,友<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">戴震</span></span>,著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">禮箋</span>十卷,刺取其大者數十事為三卷,寄<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">朱珪</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">珪</span></span>序之,以為詞精義核。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">榜</span></span>治<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">禮</span>最尊<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">康成</span></span>,然博稽而精思,慎求而能斷。嘗援<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">鄭志</span>答<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">趙商</span></span>云:「不信亦非,悉信亦非。」曰:「斯言也,敢以為治經之大法。故<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鄭</span></span>義所未衷者必糾正之,於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鄭氏</span></span>家法不敢誣也。」 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="段玉裁"><span id=".E6.AE.B5.E7.8E.89.E8.A3.81"></span>段玉裁</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=45" title="编辑章节:段玉裁"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">段玉裁</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">若膺</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">金壇</span></span>人。生而穎異,讀書有兼人之資。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">乾隆</span></span>二十五年舉人,至京師見<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">休寧</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">戴震</span></span>,好其學,遂師事之。以教習得<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">貴州</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">玉屏縣</span></span>知縣,旋調<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">四川</span></span>,署<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">富順</span></span>及<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">南溪縣</span></span>事,又辦理<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">化林坪</span></span>站務。時大兵徵<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">金川</span></span>,輓輸絡繹,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">玉裁</span></span>處分畢,輒篝鐙著述不輟。著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">六書音均表</span>五卷。古韻自<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">顧炎武</span></span>析為十部,後<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">江永</span></span>复析為十三部,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">玉裁</span></span>謂支、佳一部也,脂、微、齊皆、灰一部也,之、咍一部也,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">漢</span></span>人猶未嘗淆借通用。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">晉</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">宋</span></span>而後,乃少有出入。迄乎<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">唐</span></span>之功令,支注「脂、之同用」,佳注「皆同用」,灰注「咍同用」,於是古之截然為三者,罕有知之。又謂真、臻、先、與諄、文、殷、魂、痕為二,尤、幽與侯為二,得十七部。其書始名<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">詩經韻譜</span>,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">羣經韻譜</span>。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">嘉定</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">錢大昕</span></span>見之,以為鑿破混沌,後易其體例,增以新加,十七部蓋如舊也。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">震</span></span>偉其所學之精,云自<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">唐</span></span>以來講韻學者所未發。尋任<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">巫山縣</span></span>,年四十六,以父老引疾歸,鍵戶不問世事者三十餘年。 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">玉裁</span></span>於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">周</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">秦</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">兩漢</span></span>書,無所不讀,諸家小學,皆別擇其是非。於是積數十年精力,專說<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說文</span>,著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說文解字注</span>三十卷,謂:「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">爾雅</span>以下,義書也;<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">聲類</span>以下,音書也;<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說文</span>,形書也。凡篆一字,先訓其義,次釋其形,次釋其音,合三者以完一篆,故曰形書。」又謂:「<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">許</span></span>以形為主,因形以說音、說義。其所說義,與他書絕不同者,他書多假借,則字多非本義,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">許</span></span>惟就字說其本義。知何者為本義,乃知何者為假借,則本義乃假借之權衡也。<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說文</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">爾雅</span>相為表裏,治<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說文</span>而後<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">爾雅</span>及傳注明。」又謂:「自<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">倉頡</span></span>造字時至<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">唐</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">虞</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">三代</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">秦</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">漢</span></span>以及<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">許叔重</span></span>造<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說文</span>,曰'某聲'、曰'讀若某'者,皆條理合一不紊。故既用<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">徐鉉</span></span>切音,又某字志之曰古音第幾部,後附<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">六書音均表</span>,俾形、聲相為表裏。始為長編,名<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說文解字讀</span>,凡五百四十卷。既乃隱括之成此注。」<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">玉裁</span></span>又以:「<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說文</span>者,說字之書,故有'讀如'、無'讀為',說經、傳之書,必兼是二者。漢人作注,於字發疑正讀,其例有三:'讀如'、'讀若'者,擬其音也,比方之詞;'讀為' '讀曰'者,易其字也,變化之詞;'當為'者,定為字之誤、聲之誤,而改其字也,救正之詞:三者分,而<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">漢</span></span>注可讀,而經可讀。」述<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">漢讀考</span>,先成<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">周禮</span>六卷,又撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">禮經漢讀考</span>一卷,其他十六卷未成。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">儀徵</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">阮元</span></span>謂<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">玉裁</span></span>書有功於天下後世者三:言古音一也,言<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說文</span>二也,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">漢讀考</span>三也。其他說經之書,以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;padding-right: 2px;">漢志</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">毛詩</span>經、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">毛詩古訓傳</span>本各自為書,因釐次傳文,還其舊著,重訂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">毛詩古訓傳</span>三十卷。以諸經惟<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">尚書</span>離厄最甚,古文幾亡,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">賈逵</span></span>分別古今,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">劉陶</span></span>是正文字,其書皆不存。乃廣蒐補闕,正<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">晉</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">唐</span></span>之妄改,存<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">周</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">漢</span></span>之駮文,著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">古文尚書撰異</span>三十二卷。又錄<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">左氏</span>經文,取<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鄭</span></span>注<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">禮</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">周禮</span>,存古文、今文故書之例,附見<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">公羊</span>、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">穀梁</span>經文之異,著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">春秋左氏古經</span>十二卷,而以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">左氏傳五十凡</span>附後。外有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">毛詩小學</span>三十卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">汲古閣說文訂</span>六卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">經韻樓集</span>十二卷。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">嘉慶</span></span>二十年,卒,年八十一。 </p><p>初,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">玉裁</span></span>與<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">念孫</span></span>俱師<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">震</span></span>,故<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">戴氏</span></span>有<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">段</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王</span></span>兩家之學,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">玉裁</span></span>少<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">震</span></span>四歲,謙,專執弟子禮,雖耄,或稱<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">震</span></span>,必垂手拱立,朔望必莊誦<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">震</span></span>手札一通。卒後,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王念孫</span></span>謂其弟子<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">長洲</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">陳奐</span></span>曰:「<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">若膺</span></span>死,天下遂無讀書人矣!」<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">玉裁</span></span>弟子,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">長洲</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">徐頲</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">嘉興</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">沈濤</span></span>及女夫<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">仁和</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">龔麗正</span></span>俱知名,而<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">奐</span></span>尤得其傳,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">奐</span></span>自有傳。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_鈕樹玉"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E9.88.95.E6.A8.B9.E7.8E.89"></span>附 鈕樹玉</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=46" title="编辑章节:附 鈕樹玉"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鈕樹玉</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">匪石</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">吳縣</span></span>人。篤志好古,不為科舉之業,精研文字聲音訓詁。謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說文</span>懸諸日月而不刊者也,後人以新附淆之,誣<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">許君</span></span>矣。因博稽載籍,著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說文新附考</span>六卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">續考</span>一卷。又著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">說文解字校錄</span>三十卷。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">樹玉</span></span>後見<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">玉裁</span></span>書,著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">段氏說文注訂</span>八卷,所駮正之處,皆有依據。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_徐承慶"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.BE.90.E6.89.BF.E6.85.B6"></span>附 徐承慶</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=47" title="编辑章节:附 徐承慶"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">徐承慶</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">夢祥</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">元和</span></span>人。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">乾隆</span></span>五十一年舉人,官至<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">山西</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">汾州府</span></span>知府。著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">段注匡謬</span>十五卷,其攻瑕索瘢,尤勝<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鈕氏</span></span>之書,皆力求其是,非故為吹求者。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="孫志祖"><span id=".E5.AD.AB.E5.BF.97.E7.A5.96"></span>孫志祖</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=48" title="编辑章节:孫志祖"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>孫志祖,字詒穀,仁和人。乾隆三十一年進士,改刑部主事,洊升郎中,擢江南道監察御史,乞養歸。志祖清修自好,讀經史必釋其疑而後已,著讀書脞錄七卷,考論經、子、雜家,折衷精詳,不為武斷之論。又家語疏證六卷,謂王肅作聖證論以攻康成,又偽撰家語,飾其說以欺世。因博集群書,凡肅所剿竊者,皆疏通證明之。又謂孔叢子亦王肅偽託,其小爾雅亦肅借古書以自文,並作疏證以辨其妄。幼熟精文選,後乃仿韓文考異之例,參稽眾說,正俗本之誤,為文選考異四卷。又輯前人及朋輩論說,為文選注補正四卷。又有文選理學權輿補一卷。輯風俗通逸文一卷,補正姚之駰輯謝承後漢書五卷。嘉慶六年,卒,年六十五。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_翟灝"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E7.BF.9F.E7.81.9D"></span>附 翟灝</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=49" title="编辑章节:附 翟灝"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>翟灝,字大川,亦仁和人。乾隆十九年進士,官金華、衢州府學教授。氵顥見聞淹博,又能蒐奇引痺,嘗與錢塘梁玉繩論王肅撰家語難鄭氏,欲搜考以證其譌,因握筆互疏所出,頃刻數十事。時方被酒,旋罷去,未竟藁,其精力殊絕人也。著有爾雅補郭二卷,以爾雅郭注未詳、未聞者百四十二科,邢疏補言其十,餘仍闕如,乃參稽眾家,一一備說。又云:「古爾雅當有釋禮篇,與釋樂篇相隨。祭名與講武、旌旂三章,乃釋禮之殘缺失次者。」又著四書考異七十二卷,皆貫串精審,為世所推。他著又有家語發覆、通俗篇、湖山便覽、無不宜齋詩文藁。五十三年,卒。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_梁玉繩"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.A2.81.E7.8E.89.E7.B9.A9"></span>附 梁玉繩</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=50" title="编辑章节:附 梁玉繩"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>梁玉繩,字曜北,錢塘人。增貢生。家世貴顯,玉繩不志富貴,自號清白士。嘗語弟履繩曰:「後漢襄陽樊氏,顯重當時。子孫雖無名德盛位,世世作書生門戶,原與弟共勉之!」故玉繩年未四十,棄舉子業,專心撰著。其瞥記七卷,多釋經之文,有裨古義。玉繩尤精乙部書,著史記志疑三十六卷,據經、傳以糾乖違,參班、荀以究同異,錢大昕稱其書為龍門功臣。著人表考九卷,謂班氏借用禹貢田賦九等之目,造端自馬遷。史記李將軍傳云:「李蔡為人在下中。」其說頗是。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_履繩"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.B1.A5.E7.B9.A9"></span>附 履繩</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=51" title="编辑章节:附 履繩"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>履繩,字處素。乾隆五十三年舉人。與兄玉繩相礱錯,有元方、季方之目。其於眾經中尤精左氏傳,謂隋志載賈逵解詁、服虔解義各數十卷,今俱亡佚。杜氏參用賈、服,仲達作疏,間有稱引,未睹其全。亦如馬融諸儒之說,僅存單文只義。唐以後注左氏者,惟張洽、趙汸最為明晰,大抵詳書法而略紀載。履繩綜覽諸家,旁採眾籍,以廣杜之所未備,作左通補釋三十二卷。又有未成者五門:曰廣傳、考異、駁證、古音、臆說。錢大昕見其書,嘆為絕恉。通說文,下筆鮮​​俗字。年四十六,卒。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_汪家禧"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.B1.AA.E5.AE.B6.E7.A6.A7"></span>附 汪家禧</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=52" title="编辑章节:附 汪家禧"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>汪家禧,字漢郊,仁和人。諸生。穎敏特異,通漢易,作易消息解。所著書數十卷,毀於火。其友秀水莊仲方、門人仁和許乃穀輯其遺文,為東里生燼餘集三卷。文多說經,粹然有家法。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="劉台拱"><span id=".E5.8A.89.E5.8F.B0.E6.8B.B1"></span>劉台拱</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=53" title="编辑章节:劉台拱"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>劉台拱,字端臨,寶應人。性至孝,六歲,母朱氏歿,哀如成人。事繼母鍾氏,與親母同。九歲作顏子頌,斐然成章,觀者稱為神童。中乾隆三十五年舉人,屢試禮部不第。是時朝廷開四庫館,海內方聞綴學之士云集。台拱在都,與學士朱筠、編修程晉芳、庶吉士戴震、學士邵晉涵及其同郡御史任大椿、給事中王念孫等交遊,稽經考古,旦夕討論。自天文、律呂至於聲音、文字,靡不該貫。其於漢、宋諸儒之說,不專一家,而惟是之求。精思所到,如與古作者晤言一室而知其意指之所在,比之閻若璩,蓋相伯仲也。段玉裁每謂「潛心三禮,吾所不如」。 </p><p>選丹徒縣訓導。取儀禮十七篇除喪服外各繪為圖,與諸生習禮容,為發明先王制作之精意。迎兩親學署,雍雍色養,年雖五十,有孺子之慕。嘗客他所,忽心痛驟歸,母病危甚,乃悉心奉湯藥,衣不解帶者數旬,母病遂愈。逮丁內外艱,水漿不入口。既斂,枕苫、啜粥,哭泣之哀,震動鄰里。居喪蔬食五年,出就外寢,以哀毀過情卒,年五十有五。 </p><p>與同郡汪中為文章道義交,中歿,撫其孤喜孫,賴以成立。武進臧庸常以說經之文請益,台拱善之。卹其窮,周其困,飲食教誨,十七年如一日,庸心感焉。台拱慕黃叔度之為人,王昶稱其有曾、閔之孝。著有論語駢枝、經傳小記、國語補校、荀子補注、方言補校、淮南子補校、漢學拾遺、文集,都為端臨​​遺書凡八卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="同邑_朱彬"><span id=".E5.90.8C.E9.82.91_.E6.9C.B1.E5.BD.AC"></span>同邑 朱彬</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=54" title="编辑章节:同邑 朱彬"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>同邑朱彬,字武曹。乾隆六十年舉人。彬幼有至行,年十一喪母,哀戚如成人。長丁父憂,斂葬盡禮,三年蔬食居外。自少至老,好學不厭。承其鄉王懋竑經法,與外兄劉台拱互相切磋。每有所得,輒以書札往來辨難,必求其是而後已。於訓詁、聲音、文字之學,用力尤深。著有經傳考證八卷,禮記訓纂四十九卷,虎觀諸儒所論議,鄭志弟子之問答,以及魏、晉以降諸儒之訓釋,書鈔、通典、御覽之涉是書者,一以注疏為主,擷其精要,緯以古今諸說。其附以己意者,皆援據精碻,發前人所未發。他著有遊道堂詩文集四卷。道光十四年,卒,年八十有二。子士彥,吏部尚書,自有傳。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="孔廣森"><span id=".E5.AD.94.E5.BB.A3.E6.A3.AE"></span>孔廣森</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=55" title="编辑章节:孔廣森"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">孔廣森</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">眾仲</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">曲阜</span></span>人,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">孔子</span></span>六十八代孫,襲封<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">衍聖公</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">傳鐸</span></span>之孫,戶部主事<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">繼汾</span></span>之子。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">乾隆</span></span>三十六年進士,選翰林院庶吉士,散館授檢討。年少入官,性淡泊,躭著述,不與要人通謁。告養歸,不復出。及居大母與父喪,竟以哀卒,時<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">乾隆</span></span>五十一年,年三十五。 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">廣森</span></span>聰穎特達,嘗受經於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">戴震</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">姚鼐</span></span>之門,經史、小學,沉覽妙解。所學在<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">公羊春秋</span>,嘗以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">左氏</span>舊學湮於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">征南</span></span>,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">穀梁</span>本義汨於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">武子</span></span>。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王祖游</span></span>謂<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">何休</span></span>志通<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">公羊</span>,往往為<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">公羊</span>疚病。其餘<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">啖助</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">趙匡</span></span>之徒,又橫生義例,無當於經,唯<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">趙汸</span></span>最為近正。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">何氏</span></span>體大思精,然不無承訛率臆。於是旁通諸家,兼採<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">左</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">穀</span></span>,擇善而從,著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">春秋公羊通義</span>十一卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">序</span>一卷。凡諸經籍義有可通於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">公羊</span>者,多著錄之。 </p><p>其不同於<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">解詁</span>者,大端有數事:謂古者諸侯分土而守,分民而治,有不純臣之義,故各得紀年於其境內。而<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">何劭公</span></span>謂唯王者然後改元立號,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">經</span>書元年,為託王於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">魯</span></span>,則自蹈所云反傳違戾之失。其不同一也。謂春秋分十二公而為三世,舊說「所傳聞之世」,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">隱</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">桓</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">莊</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">閔</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">僖</span></span>也;「所聞之世」,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">文</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">宣</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">成</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">襄</span></span>也;「所見之世」,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">昭</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">定</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">哀</span></span>也。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">顏安樂</span></span>以為:<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">襄公</span></span>二十三年「<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">邾婁</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鼻我</span></span>來奔」,云「<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">邾婁</span></span>無大夫,此何以書?以近書也」;又<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">昭公</span></span>二十七年「<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">邾婁</span></span>快來奔」,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">傳</span>云「<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">邾婁</span></span>無大夫,此何以書?以近書也」:二文不異,同宜一世,故斷自<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">孔子</span></span>生後,即為「所見之世」,從之。其不同二也。謂<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">桓</span></span>十七年經無夏,二家<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">經</span>皆有夏,獨<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">公羊</span>脫耳。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">何氏</span></span>謂:「夏者陽也,月者陰也,去夏者,明夫人不繫於公也。」所不敢言。其不同三也。謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">春秋</span>上本天道,中用王法,而下理人情。天道者:一曰時,二曰月,三曰日。王法者:一曰譏,二曰貶,三曰絕。人情者:一曰尊,二曰親,三曰賢。此三科九旨。而<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">何氏</span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">文諡例</span>云:「三科九旨者,新<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">周</span></span>故<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">宋</span></span>,以<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">春秋</span>當新王,此一科三旨也。」又云:「所見異辭,所聞異辭,所傳聞又異辭。」三科六旨也。又「內其國而外諸夏,內諸夏而外夷狄,是三科九旨也」。其不同四也。他如<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">何氏</span></span>所據間有失者,多所裨損,以成一家之言。又謂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">左氏</span>之事詳,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">公羊</span>之義長,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">春秋</span>重義不​​重事。皆好學深思,心知其意。其為說能融會貫通,使是非之旨不謬於聖人大旨,見自序中。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">儀徵</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">阮元</span></span>謂讀其書始知聖誌之所在。 </p><p>又著有<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">大戴禮記補注</span>十四卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">詩聲類</span>十三卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">禮學​​巵言</span>六卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">經學巵言</span>六卷,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">少廣正負術內外篇</span>六卷。駢體兼有<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">漢</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">魏</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">六朝</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">初唐</span></span>之勝,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">江都</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">汪中</span></span>讀之,嘆為絕手。然<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">廣森</span></span>不自足,作堂於其居,名曰「儀<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鄭</span></span>」,自庶幾於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">康成</span></span>。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">桐城</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">姚鼐</span></span>謂其將以<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">孔子</span></span>之裔傳<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">孔子</span></span>之學,雖<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">康成</span></span>猶不足以限之。惜奔走家難,勞思夭年,不充其志,藝林​​有遺憾焉。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="邵晉涵"><span id=".E9.82.B5.E6.99.89.E6.B6.B5"></span>邵晉涵</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=56" title="编辑章节:邵晉涵"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>邵晉涵,字二雲,餘姚人。乾隆三十六年進士,歸班銓選。會開四庫館,特詔徵晉涵及歷城周永年、休寧戴震、仁和余集等入館編纂,改翰林院庶吉士,授編修。四十五年,充廣西鄉試正考官。五十六年,大考遷左中允。擢侍講學士,充文淵閣直閣事日講起居注官。 </p><p>晉涵左目眚,清羸。善讀書,四部、七錄,靡不研究。嘗謂爾雅者,六藝之津梁,而邢疏淺陋不稱;乃別為正義二十卷,以郭璞為宗,而兼採舍人、樊、劉、李、孫諸家,郭有未詳者,摭他書附之。自是承學之士,多舍邢而從邵。 </p><p>尤長於史,以生在浙東,習聞劉宗周、黃宗羲諸緒論,說明季事,往往出於正史之外。在史館時,見永樂大典採薛居正五代史,乃薈萃編次,得十之八九,复採冊府元龜、太平御覽諸書,以補其缺。並參考通鑑長編諸史及宋人說部、碑碣,辨證條系,悉符原書一百五十卷之數。書成,呈御覽,館臣請仿劉昫舊唐書之例列於廿三史,刊布學宮,詔從之。由是薛史與歐陽史並傳矣。嘗謂宋史自南渡後多謬,慶元之間,褒貶失實,不如東都有王偁事略也。欲先輯南都事略,使條貫粗具,詞簡事增,又欲為趙宋一代之志,俱未卒業。其後鎮洋畢沅為續宋、元通鑑,囑晉涵刪補考定,故其緒餘稍見於審正續通鑑中。 </p><p>晉涵性狷介,不為要人屈。嘗與會稽章學誠論修宋史宗旨,晉涵曰:「宋人門戶之習,語錄庸陋之風,誠可鄙也。然其立身製行,出於倫常日用,何可廢耶?士大夫博學工文,雄出當世,而於辭受取與、出處進退之間,不能無簟豆萬鍾之擇。本心既失,其他又何議焉!此著宋史之宗旨也。」學誠聞而聳然。他著有孟子述義、穀梁正義、韓詩內傳考,並足正趙岐、範甯及王應麟之失,而補其所遺。又有皇朝大臣諡跡錄、方輿金石編目、輶軒日記、南江詩文藁。嘉慶元年,卒,年五十有四。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_周永年"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.91.A8.E6.B0.B8.E5.B9.B4"></span>附 周永年</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=57" title="编辑章节:附 周永年"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>周永年,字書昌,歷城人。博學貫通,為時推許。乾隆三十六年進士,與晉涵同徵修四庫書,改翰林院庶吉士,授編修。四十四年,充貴州鄉試副考官。永年在書館好深沉之思,四部兵、農、天算、術數諸家,鉤稽精義,褒譏悉當,為同館所推重。見宋、元遺書湮沒者多見採於永樂大典中,於是抉摘編摩,自永新劉氏兄弟公是、公非集以下,凡得十餘家,皆前人所未見者,咸著於錄。又以為釋、​​道有藏,儒者獨無。乃開借書園,聚古今書籍十萬卷,供人閱覽傳鈔,以廣流傳。惜永年歿後,漸就散佚,則未定經久之法也。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="王念孫"><span id=".E7.8E.8B.E5.BF.B5.E5.AD.AB"></span>王念孫</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=58" title="编辑章节:王念孫"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>王念孫,字懷祖,高郵州人。父安國,官吏部尚書,諡文肅,自有傳。八歲讀十三經畢,旁涉史鑒。高宗南巡,以大臣子迎鑾,獻文冊,賜舉人。乾隆四十年進士,選翰林院庶吉士,散館,改工部主事。升郎中,擢陝西道御史,轉吏科給事中。嘉慶四年,仁宗親政,時川、楚教匪猖獗,念孫陳勦賊六事,首劾大學士和珅,疏語援據經義,大契聖心。是年授直隸永定河道。六年,以河堤漫口罷,特旨留督辦河工。工竣,賞主事銜。河南衡家樓河決,命往查勘,又命馳赴台莊治河務。尋授山東運河道,在任六年,調永定河道。會東河總督與山東巡撫以引黃利運異議,召入都決其是非。念孫奏引黃入湖,不能不少淤,然暫行無害,詔許之。已而永定河水復異漲,如六年之隘,念孫自引罪,得旨休致。道光五年,重宴鹿鳴,卒,年八十有九。 </p><p>念孫故精熟水利書,官工部,著導河議上下篇。及奉旨纂河源紀略,議者或誤指河源所出,念孫力辨其譌,議乃定,紀略中辨譌一門,念孫所撰也。既罷官,日以著述自娛,著讀書雜誌,分逸周書、戰國策、管子、荀子、晏子春秋、墨子、淮南子、史記、漢書、漢隸拾遺,都八十二卷。於古義之晦,於鈔之誤寫,校之妄改,皆一一正之。一字之證,博及萬卷,其精於校讎如此。 </p><p>初從休寧戴震受聲音文字訓詁,其於經,熟於漢學之門戶,手編詩三百篇、九經、楚辭之韻,分古音為二十一部。於支、脂、之三部之分,段玉裁六書音均表亦見及此,其分至、祭、盍、輯為四部,則段書所未及也。念孫以段書先出,遂輟作。 </p><p>又以邵晉涵先為爾雅正義,乃撰廣雅疏證。日三字為程,閱十年而書成,凡三十二卷。其書就古音以求古義,引伸觸類,擴充於爾雅、說文,無所不達。然聲音文字部分之嚴,一絲不亂。蓋藉張揖之書以納諸說,而實多揖所未知,及同時惠棟、戴震所未及。 </p><p>嘗語子引之曰:「詁訓之旨,存乎聲音,字之聲同、聲近者,經傳往往假借。學者以聲求義,破其假借之字而讀本字,則渙然冰釋。如因假借之字強為之解,則結夋不通矣。毛公詩傳多易假借之字而訓以本字,已開改讀之先。至康成箋詩注禮,屢雲某讀為某,假借之例大明。後人或病康成破字者,不知古字之多假借也。」又曰:「說經者,期得經意而已,不必墨守一家。」引之因推廣庭訓,成經義述聞十五卷,經傳釋辭十卷,周秦古字解詁,字典考證。論者謂有清經術獨絕千古,高郵王氏一家之學,三世相承,與長洲惠氏相埒云。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="子_引之"><span id=".E5.AD.90_.E5.BC.95.E4.B9.8B"></span>子 引之</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=59" title="编辑章节:子 引之"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>引之,字伯申。嘉慶四年一甲進士,授編修。大考一等,擢侍講。歷官至工部尚書。福建署龍溪令朱履中誣布政使李賡芸受賕,總督汪志伊、巡撫王紹蘭劾之。對簿無佐證,而持之愈急。賡芸不堪,遂自經。命引之讞之,平反其獄,罷督撫官。為禮部侍郎時,有議為生祖母承重丁憂三年者,引之力持不可。會奉使去,持議者遽奏行之。引之還,疏陳庶祖母非祖敵體,不得以承重論。緣情,即終身持服不足以報罔極;制禮,則承重之義,不能加於支庶。請復治喪一年舊例,遂更正。道光十四年,卒,諡文簡。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="同州_李惇"><span id=".E5.90.8C.E5.B7.9E_.E6.9D.8E.E6.83.87"></span>同州 李惇</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=60" title="编辑章节:同州 李惇"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>同州李惇,字成裕。乾隆四十五年進士。惇與同縣王念孫、賈田祖同力於學。始為諸生,為學使謝墉所賞。將選拔貢,會田祖卒於旅舍,惇經營殯事,不與試,墉嘆為古人。江籓好詆訶前人,惇謂之曰:「王子雍若不作聖證論以攻康成,豈非醇儒?」其面規人過如此。著有群經識小八卷,考諸經古義二百二十餘事,多前人所未發。四十九年,卒,年五十一。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_賈田祖"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E8.B3.88.E7.94.B0.E7.A5.96"></span>附 賈田祖</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=61" title="编辑章节:附 賈田祖"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>田祖,字稻孫。諸生。通左氏春秋,有春秋左氏通解。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_宋綿初"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.AE.8B.E7.B6.BF.E5.88.9D"></span>附 宋綿初</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=62" title="编辑章节:附 宋綿初"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>宋綿初,字守端,亦高郵人。乾隆四十二年拔貢生,官五河、清河訓導。邃深經術,長於說詩,著韓詩內傳徵四卷。又有釋​​服二卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="汪中"><span id=".E6.B1.AA.E4.B8.AD"></span>汪中</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=63" title="编辑章节:汪中"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>汪中,字容甫,江都人。生七歲而孤,家貧不能就外傅。母鄒,授以四子書。稍長,助書賈鬻書於市,因遍讀經、史、百家,過目成誦,遂為通人。年二十,補諸生。乾隆四十二年拔貢生,提學使者謝墉,每試別置一榜,署名諸生前。嘗曰:「餘之先容甫,爵也。若以學,當北面事之。」其敬中如此。以母老竟不朝考。五十一年,侍郎朱珪主江南試,謂人曰:「吾此行必得汪中為選首。」不知其不與試也。 </p><p>中顓意經術,與高郵王念孫、寶應劉台拱為友,共討論之。其治尚書,有尚書考異。治禮,有儀禮校本,大戴禮記校本。治春秋,有春秋述義。治小學,有爾雅校本,及小學說文求端。中嘗謂國朝古學之興,顧炎武開其端。河、洛矯誣,至胡渭而絀。中、西推步,至梅文鼎而精。力攻古文者,閻若璩也。專治漢易者,惠棟也。凡此皆千餘年不傳之絕學,及戴震出而集其大成。擬作六儒頌,未成。 </p><p>又嘗博考先秦古籍三代以上學制廢興,使知古人所以為學者。凡虞、夏第一,周禮之制第二,周衰列國第三,孔門第四,七十子後學者第五。又列通論、釋經、舊聞、典籍、數典、世官,目錄凡六。而自題其端曰:「觀周禮太史云云,當時行一事則有一書,其後執書以行事,又其後則事廢而書存。至宋儒以後,則併其書之事而去之矣。」又曰:「有官府之典籍,有學士大夫之典籍,故老之傳聞。行一事有一書,傳之後世,奉以為成憲,此官府之典籍也。先王之禮樂政事,遭世之衰廢而不失,有司徒守其文,故老能言其事。好古之君子,憫其浸久而遂亡也,而書之簡畢,此學士大夫之典籍也。 」又曰:「古之為學士者,官師之長,但教之以其事,其所誦者詩書而已。其他典籍,則皆官府藏而世守之,民間無有也。苟非其官,官亦無有也。其所謂士者,非王侯公卿大夫之子,則一命之士,外此則鄉學、小學而已。自辟雍之制無聞,太史之官失守,於是布衣有授業之徒,草野多載筆之士。教學之官,記載之職,不在上而在下。及其衰也,諸子各以其學鳴,而先王之道荒矣。然當諸侯去籍,秦政焚書,有司所掌,蕩然無存。猶賴學士相傳,存其一二,斯不幸中之幸也。」又曰:「孔子所言,則學士所能為者,留為世教。若其政教之大者,聖人無位,不復以教子弟。」又曰:「古人學在官府,人世其官,故官世其業。官既失守,故專門之學廢。」其書藁草略具,亦未成。後乃即其考三代典禮及文字訓詁、名物像數,益以論撰之文,為述學內、外篇,凡六卷。 </p><p>其有功經義者,則有若釋三九,婦人無主答問,女子許嫁而壻死從死及守志議,居喪釋服解義。其表章經傳及先儒者,則有若周官徵文,左氏春秋釋疑,荀卿子通論,賈誼新書序。其他考證之文,亦有依據。 </p><p>中又熟於諸史地理,山川阨要,講畫了然,著有廣陵通典十卷,秦蠶食六國表,金陵地圖考。生平於詩文書翰無所不工,所作廣陵對、黃鶴樓銘、漢上琴台銘,皆見稱於時。他著有經義知新記一卷,大戴禮正誤一卷,遺詩一卷。五十九年,卒,年五十一。 </p><p>中事母以孝聞,左右服勞,不辭煩辱。居喪,哀戚過人,其於知友故舊,沒後衰落,相存問過於從前。道光十一年,旌孝子。中子喜孫,自有傳。同郡人為漢學者,又有江德量、徐復、汪光爔。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_江德量"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.B1.9F.E5.BE.B7.E9.87.8F"></span>附 江德量</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=64" title="编辑章节:附 江德量"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>德量,字量殊,江都人。父恂,好金石文字。伯父昱,通聲音訓詁之學。德量少承家學,及長,與汪中友,勵志肄經,學益進。乾隆四十四年一甲進士,授翰林院編修,改江西道御史。居朝多識舊聞,博通掌故。公餘鍵戶,以文籍自娛。著有古泉志三十卷。五十八年,卒,年四十二。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_徐復"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.BE.90.E5.BE.A9"></span>附 徐復</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=65" title="编辑章节:附 徐復"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>复,字心仲,亦江都人。通九章算術。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_汪光爔"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.B1.AA.E5.85.89.E7.88.94"></span>附 汪光爔</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=66" title="编辑章节:附 汪光爔"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>光爔,字晉蕃,儀徵人。廩生。博通經史,嘗辨惠氏易爻辰圖之謬,又作荑稗釋,時人服其精核。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="武億"><span id=".E6.AD.A6.E5.84.84"></span>武億</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=67" title="编辑章节:武億"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>武億,字虛谷,偃師人。父紹周,進士,官吏部郎中。億居父母喪,哀痛毀瘠,以讀書自勵。時伊、洛溢,屋圮,架洿以居,斧朽木燎寒,誦讀不輟。已,復從大興朱筠遊,益為博通之學。乾隆四十五年進士,五十六年,授山東博山縣知縣。縣山多土瘠,民不務農。地產石炭、石礬,燒作玻璃器皿,商賈輻輳。億問土俗利病,免玻璃入貢,革煤炭供饋,里馬草豆不以累民。創範泉書院,進其秀者與之講敦倫理,務實學。而決辭無留獄,禱雨即沛。有以賄幹者,未敢進,億廉知之,值迅雷,曰:「汝不聞雷聲乎?吾矢禱久矣。」賄者惶悚而止,輿情大洽。 </p><p>五十七年,大學士和珅領步軍統領事,聞妄人言山東逆匪王倫未定死,密遣番役四出踪蹟之。於是番役頭目杜成德等十一人橫行州縣,入博山境,手鐵尺飲博,莫敢誰何,億悉執之,成德尤倔強,按法痛杖之。喧傳其事者曰:「億鹵莽刑無罪,將累上官。」巡撫吉慶遂以濫責平民劾罷之,而不直書其事。億蒞任僅七月,及去,民攜老弱千餘人走大府乞留「我好官」,不可得,則日為運致薪米,門如市焉。吉慶亦感動,因入覲,偕億行,為籌捐复。大學士、公阿桂謂吉慶曰:「例禁番役出京畿,奈何責縣令按法之非,且隱其實而劾強項吏,何也?」吉慶深自悔,而格於部議,遂歸。嘉慶四年十月,仁宗諭朝臣密舉京、外各員內操守端潔、才猷幹濟、於平日居官事蹟可據者,得赴部候旨召用,億在所舉中。十一月,縣令捧檄至門,而億先以十月卒矣,年五十有五。 </p><p>億學問醰粹,於七經注疏、三史、涑水通鑑,皆能闇誦。既罷官,貧不能歸,所至以經史訓詁教授生徒。勇於著錄,有群經義證七卷,經讀考異九卷,金石三跋十卷,金石文字續跋十四卷,偃師金石記四卷,安陽金石錄十三卷。又有三禮義證、授堂劄記、詩文集等書,皆旁引遠徵,遇微罅,輒剖抉精蘊,比辭達意,以成一例。大興朱珪稱億不愧好古遺直雲。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="莊述祖"><span id=".E8.8E.8A.E8.BF.B0.E7.A5.96"></span>莊述祖</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=68" title="编辑章节:莊述祖"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>莊述祖,字葆琛,武進人。世父存與,官禮部侍郎,自有傳。述祖,乾隆四十五年進士,官山東濰縣知縣。明暢吏治,刑獄得中,豪猾斂跡。嘗勘鹼地,眾以為斥鹵也,述祖指路旁草問何名,曰馬帚。述祖笑曰:「此於經名荓,夏正'荓秀'記時,凡沙土草荓者宜禾,何謂鹼?」眾皆服。甲寅,以卓異引見,還,檄授桃源同知。不一月,乞養歸。著書色養者十六年,未嘗一日離左右。二十一年,卒。 </p><p>述祖傳存與之學,研求精密,於世儒所忽不經意者,覃思獨闢,洞見本末。著述皆義理宏達,為前賢未有。以為連山亡而尚存夏小正,歸藏亡而尚有倉頡古文,略可稽求義類。故著夏小正經傳考釋,以斗柄南門織女記天行之不變,以參中大中記日度之差,以二月丁卯知夏時,以正月甲寅啟蟄為曆元,歲祭為郊,萬用入學為禘。著古文甲乙篇,謂許叔重始一終亥,偏旁條例所由出,日辰干支,黃帝世大撓所作,沮誦、蒼頡名之以易結繩,伏羲畫八卦作十言之教之後,以此三十二類為正名百物之本。故歸藏為黃帝易,就許氏偏旁條例,以干支別為序次,凡許書所存及見於金石文字者,分別部居,書未竟,而條理粗具。其餘五經,悉有撰著。旁及逸周書、尚書大傳、史記、白虎通,於其舛句訛字,佚文脫簡,易次換弟,草薙腋補,咸有證據,無不疏通,曠然思慮之表,若面稽古人而整比之也。所著夏小正經傳考釋十卷,尚書今古文考證七卷,毛詩考證四卷,毛詩周頌口義三卷,五經小學述二卷,歷代載籍足徵錄一卷,弟子職集解一卷,漢鐃歌句解一卷,石鼓然疑一卷,文鈔七卷,詩鈔二卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="世父存與孫_綬甲"><span id=".E4.B8.96.E7.88.B6.E5.AD.98.E8.88.87.E5.AD.AB_.E7.B6.AC.E7.94.B2"></span>世父存與孫 綬甲</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=69" title="编辑章节:世父存與孫 綬甲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>存與孫綬甲,字卿珊。盡通家學,尤為述祖所愛重。著尚書考異三卷,釋書名一卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="同族_莊有可"><span id=".E5.90.8C.E6.97.8F_.E8.8E.8A.E6.9C.89.E5.8F.AF"></span>同族 莊有可</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=70" title="编辑章节:同族 莊有可"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>同族莊有可,字大久。勤學力行,老而彌篤。取諸注、傳,精研義理,句櫛字比,合諸儒之書以正其是非,而自為之說。於易、書、詩、禮、春秋皆有撰述,凡四十二種,四百三十餘卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="戚學標"><span id=".E6.88.9A.E5.AD.B8.E6.A8.99"></span>戚學標</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=71" title="编辑章节:戚學標"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>戚學標,字鶴泉,太平人。幼從天台齊召南游,稱高第。高宗巡江、浙,學標獻南巡頌。乾隆四十五年,成進士,官河南涉縣知縣。縣苦闊布徵,學標請於大府得減額。權林縣,有兄弟爭產者,集李白句為鬥粟謠以諷,皆感悔。性強項,多與上官齟《齒吾》,卒以是罷。後改寧波教授,未幾歸,從事撰述。 </p><p>精考證,著漢學諧聲二十三卷、總論一卷。用說文以明古音,謂六書之學,三曰形聲,聲不離形,形者聲之本也。而聲又隨乎氣,氣有陰有陽,故一字之音,或從陰,或從陽,或陽而陰,或陰而陽,​​或陰陽各造其偏。昔人知其然,故但以某聲者明字音所出,以耑其本。以讀若某設為譬況之詞,使人依類而求。即離絕遠去,而因此聲之本以究此聲之變,無患其不合。說文從某某聲,從某某亦聲,從某某省聲,從某讀若某,從某讀與某某同,並二端兼舉。聲音之學,莫備於此。後人惑於徐氏所附孫愐音切,不究本讀,而一二宿儒言古音如吳棫、陳第、顧炎武、江永之流,亦第就韻書辨析。不知說文形聲相繫,韻書就聲言聲;說文聲氣相求,韻書祗論同聲之應。其部居錯雜分合,類出肊見。學者苟趣其便,衷於一讀。且狃於平上去入之界之不可移易,諧聲之法廢,而說文之學晦矣。其書論聲一本許氏,由本聲以推變聲,既列本注,旁搜古讀以為之證。末附說文補考二卷,多辨正二徐謬誤。 </p><p>又有毛詩證讀若干卷,詩聲辨定陰陽譜四卷,四書偶談四卷,內外篇二卷,字易二卷,鶴泉文鈔二卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_江有誥"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.B1.9F.E6.9C.89.E8.AA.A5"></span>附 江有誥</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=72" title="编辑章节:附 江有誥"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>江有誥,字晉三,歙縣人。通音韻之學,得顧炎武、江永兩家書,嗜之忘寢食。謂江書能補顧所未及,而分部仍多罅漏,乃析江氏十三部為二十一,與戴震、孔廣森多暗合。書成,寄示段玉裁,玉裁深重之,曰:「餘與顧氏、孔氏皆一於考古,江氏、戴氏則兼以審音。晉三於前人之說擇善而從,無所偏徇,又精於呼等字母,不惟古音大明,亦使今韻分為二百六部者得其剖析之故,韻學於是大備矣。」著有詩經韻讀、群經韻讀、楚辭韻讀、先秦韻讀、漢魏韻讀、唐韻四聲正、諧聲表、入聲表、二十一部韻譜、唐韻再正、唐韻更定部分,總名江氏音學十書,王念孫父子胥服其精。晚歲著說文六書錄、說文分韻譜。道光末,室災,焚其稿。有誥老而目盲,鬱鬱遂卒。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_陳熙晉"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E9.99.B3.E7.86.99.E6.99.89"></span>附 陳熙晉</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=73" title="编辑章节:附 陳熙晉"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>陳熙晉,原名津,字析木,義烏人。優貢生。以教習官貴州開泰、龍里、普定知縣,仁懷同知,擢湖北宜昌府知府。權開泰時,教匪蔣昌華擾黎平,將興大獄,熙晉縛其渠而貸諸脅從,全活無算。龍里民以釘<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>奚殺人,已誣服,而兇驗不合,心疑焉。一日,方慮囚,見叢人中有曳釘<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>奚竊睨者,命執而鞫之,痕宛合,遂款服。普定俗糾聚相雄長,號其魁曰「牛叢」。其獲盜,不謁之官,輒積薪焚殺之。先是有挾仇焚三尸者,吏不敢捕。熙晉期必得,重繩以法,風頓革。其守宜昌也,楚大水,流民聚宜昌,畢力撫綏,繕城垣,以工代賑。會秩滿將行,為留六閱月,蕆其事。送者數千人,皆泣下。乞養歸,未幾卒。 </p><p>熙晉邃於學,積書數万卷,訂疑糾謬,務窮竟原委,取裁精審。嘗謂杜預解左氏有三蔽,劉光伯規之,而書久佚。惟正義引一百七十三事,孔穎達皆以為非,乃刺取經史百家及近儒著述,以明劉義。其杜非而劉是者申之,杜是而劉非者釋之,杜、劉兩說義俱未安,則證諸群言,斷以己意,成春秋規過考信九卷。又謂隋經籍志載光伯左氏述義四十卷,不及規過,據孔穎達序稱習杜義而攻杜氏,疑規過即在述義中。舊唐書經籍志載述義三十七卷,較隋志少三卷,而多規過三卷,此其證也。正義於規杜一百七十三事外,又得一百四十三事,蓋皆述義之文。其異杜者三十事,駁正甚少。殆唐初奉敕刪定,著為令典,黨同伐異,勢會使然。乃參稽得失,援據群言,成春秋述義拾遺八卷。 </p><p>他著有古文孝經述義疏證五卷,帝王世紀二卷,貴州風土記三十二卷,黔中水道記四卷,宋大夫集箋注三卷,駱臨海集箋注十卷,日損齋筆記考證一卷,文集八卷,征帆集四卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_李誠"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.9D.8E.E8.AA.A0"></span>附 李誠</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=74" title="编辑章节:附 李誠"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>李誠,字靜軒,黃岩人。嘉慶十八年拔貢生,官雲南姚州州判,終順寧知縣。撰十三經集解二百六十卷,首臚漢、魏諸家之說,次採近人精確之語,而唐、宋諸儒之徵實者亦不廢焉。嘗謂記水之書,自酈道元下,代不乏人,而言山者無成編,乃作萬山綱目六十卷。又水道提綱補訂二十八卷,宦遊日記一卷,微言管窺三十六卷,醫家指迷一卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="丁杰"><span id=".E4.B8.81.E6.9D.B0"></span>丁杰</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=75" title="编辑章节:丁杰"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>丁杰,原名錦鴻,字升衢,歸安人。乾隆四十六年進士,官寧波府學教授。杰純孝誠篤,嘗奔走滇南迎父柩歸葬。少家貧,就書肆中讀。肆力經史,旁及說文、音韻、算數。初至都,適四庫館開,任事者延之佐校,遂與朱筠、戴震、盧文弨、金榜、程瑤田等相講習。 </p><p>杰為學長於校讎,與盧文弨最相似。得一書必審定句讀,博稽他本同異。於大戴禮用功尤深,著有大戴禮記繹。又易鄭注久佚,宋王應麟裒輯成書,惠棟復有增入。杰審視兩本,以為多羼入鄭氏易乾鑿度注,又漢書注所云鄭氏,乃即注漢書之人,非康成。乃刊其譌,定其是,复摘補其未備,著周易鄭注後定凡十二卷。胡渭禹貢錐指號為絕學,杰摘其誤甚多。嘗謂緯書「移河為界,在齊呂填閼八流以自廣」。河患之棘,由九河堙廢,而害始於齊。管仲能臣,必不自貽伊戚。班固敘溝洫志云:「商竭周移,秦決南涯,自茲距漢,北亡八支。」則九河之塞,當在秦、楚之際矣。惠棟尚書大傳輯本,杰以為疏舛,如「鮮度作荊,以詰四方」,誤讀困學紀聞,此謬之甚者。五行傳文不類,讀後漢書注,始知誤連皇覽也。杰嘗與翁方綱補正朱彝尊經義考序年月,博採見聞,以相證合。又與許言彥闡繹墨子上、下經,大有端緒。方言善本,始於戴震,杰採獲裨益最多,盧文弨以為不在戴下。漢隸字原考正,錢塘謂得隸之義例。 </p><p>杰又言字母三十六字不可增並,不可顛倒:見、端、知、邦、非、精、照為孤清,不可增濁聲也;疑、泥、<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>襄、明、微、來、日為孤濁,不可增清聲也;非即邦之輕脣,不可並於專攵;微即明之輕脣,不可並於奉;影為曉之深喉,喻為匣之深喉,曉、匣、影、喻不可顛倒為影、曉、喻、匣也。所著書有小酉山房文集,嘉慶十二年,卒,年七十。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="子_授經"><span id=".E5.AD.90_.E6.8E.88.E7.B6.93"></span>子 授經</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=76" title="编辑章节:子 授經"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>子授經,嘉慶三年優貢;傳經,六年優貢。皆能世其家學,有「雙丁」之目。授經佐其友嚴可均造甲乙丙丁長編,以校定說文。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_周春"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.91.A8.E6.98.A5"></span>附 周春</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=77" title="编辑章节:附 周春"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>周春,字松靄,海寧人。乾隆十九年進士,官廣西岑溪縣知縣。革陋規,幾微不以擾民,有古循吏風。以憂去官,岑溪人構祠祀焉。嘉慶十五年,重赴鹿鳴。二十年,卒,年八十七。春博學好古,兩親服闋,年未五十,不謁選。著十三經音略十三卷,專考經音,以陸氏釋文為權輿,參以玉篇、廣均、五經文字諸書音,字必審音,音必歸母,謹嚴細密,絲毫不假。他著又有中文孝經一卷,爾雅補注四卷,小學餘論二卷,代北姓譜二卷,遼金元姓譜一卷,遼詩話一卷,選材錄一卷,杜詩雙聲疊韻譜括略八卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="孫星衍"><span id=".E5.AD.AB.E6.98.9F.E8.A1.8D"></span>孫星衍</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=78" title="编辑章节:孫星衍"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>孫星衍,字淵如,陽湖人。少與同里楊芳燦、洪亮吉、黃景仁文學相齊。袁枚品其詩,曰「天下奇才」,與訂忘年交。星衍雅不欲以詩名,深究經、史、文字、音訓之學,旁及諸子百家,皆必通其義。乾隆五十二年,以一甲進士授翰林院編修,充三通館校理。五十四年,散館,試厲志賦,用史記「<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn><dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>如畏」,大學士和珅疑為別字,置三等改部。故事,一甲進士改部,或奏請留館,又編修改官可得員外,前此吳文煥有成案。珅示意欲使往見,星衍不肯屈節,曰:「主事終擢員外,何汲汲求人為?」自是編修改主事遂為成例。 </p><p>官刑部,為法寬恕,大學士阿桂、尚書胡季堂悉器重之。有疑獄,輒令依古義平議,所平反全活甚眾。退直之暇,輒理舊業。洊升郎中。六十年,授山東兗沂曹濟道。 </p><p>嘉慶元年七月,曹南水漫灘潰,決單縣地,星衍與按察使康基田鳩工集夫,五日夜,從上游築堤遏御之,不果決。基田謂此役省國家數百萬帑金也。尋權按察使,凡七閱月,平反數十百條,活死罪誣服者十餘獄。濰縣有武人犯法,賄和珅門,囑託大吏。星衍訪捕鞫之,械和門來者於衢。及回本任,值曹工漫溢,星衍以無工處所得疏防咎,特旨予留任。曹工分治引河三道,星衍治中段。畢工,較濟東道、登萊道上下段省三十餘萬。先是河工分賠之員或得羨餘,謂之扣費,星衍不取,悉以給引河工費。時曹工尚未合,河督、巡撫亟奏合龍,移星衍任,尋又奏稱合而復開。開則分賠兩次壩工銀九萬兩,當半屬後任,而司事者並以歸星衍。星衍亦任之,曰:「吾既兼河務,不能不為人受過也。」 </p><p>四年,丁母憂歸,浙撫阮元聘主詁經精舍。星衍課諸生以經史疑義及小學、天部、地理、算學、詞章,不十年,舍中士皆以撰述名家。服闋入都,仍發山東,十年,補督糧道。十二年,權布政使。值侍郎廣興在省,按章供張煩擾,星衍不肯妄支。後廣以賄敗,豫、東兩省多以支庫獲罪,星衍不與焉。十六年,引疾歸。 </p><p>星衍博極群書,勤於著述。又好聚書,聞人家藏有善本,借鈔無虛日。金石文字,靡不考其原委。嘗病古文尚書為東晉梅賾所亂,官刑部時,即集古文尚書馬鄭註十卷、逸文二卷。歸田後,又為尚書今古文注疏三十九卷,其序例云:「尚書古注散佚,今刺取書傳升為注者五家三科之說:一,司馬遷從孔氏安國問故,是古文說;一,書大傳伏生所傳歐陽高、大夏侯勝、小夏侯建,是今文說;一,馬氏融、鄭氏康成雖有異同,多本衛氏宏、賈氏逵,是孔壁古文說:皆疏明出典。其先秦諸子所引古書說及緯書、白虎通等​​,漢、魏諸儒今文說、許氏說文所載孔壁古文,注中存其異文、異字,其說則附疏中。」其意在網羅放失舊聞,故錄漢、魏人佚說為多,又兼採近代王鳴盛、江聲、段玉裁諸人書說。惟不取趙宋以來諸人注,以其時文籍散亡,較今代無異聞,又無師傳,恐滋臆說也。凡積二十二年而後成。 </p><p>其他撰輯,有周易集解十卷,夏小正傳校正三卷,明堂考三卷,考注春秋別典十五卷,爾雅廣雅詁訓韻編五卷,魏三體石經殘字考一卷,孔子集語十七卷,晏子春秋音義二卷,史記天官書考證十卷,建立伏博士始末二卷,寰宇訪碑錄十二卷,金石萃編二十卷,續古文苑二十卷,詩文集二十五卷。二十三年,卒,年六十六。星衍晚年所著書,多付文登畢亨、嘉興李貽德為卒其業。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_畢亨"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E7.95.A2.E4.BA.A8"></span>附 畢亨</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=79" title="编辑章节:附 畢亨"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>亨,原名以田,字恬谿。初從休寧戴震遊,精漢人古訓之學,尤長於書。星衍撰尚書今古文注疏,多采亨說,每稱以為經學無雙。中嘉慶十二年舉人,道光六年,以大挑知縣分發江西,署安義縣。有兄殺胞弟案,亨執「不念鞠子哀,泯亂倫彝,刑茲無赦」義,不准援赦。大府怒,將劾之,會歙程恩澤重亨,事乃解。後補崇義,以積勞卒官,年且八十矣。著有九水山房文存二卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_李貽德"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.9D.8E.E8.B2.BD.E5.BE.B7"></span>附 李貽德</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=80" title="编辑章节:附 李貽德"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>貽德,字次白。嘉慶二十三年舉人。館星衍所,相得甚歡。著春秋左氏解賈服注輯述二十卷。其書援引甚博,字比句櫛,於義有未安者,亦加駁難。雖使衝遠復生,終未敢專樹征南之幟而盡棄舊義也。又有詩考異、詩經名物考、周禮賸義、十七史考異、攬青閣詩鈔、夢春廬詞。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="王聘珍"><span id=".E7.8E.8B.E8.81.98.E7.8F.8D"></span>王聘珍</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=81" title="编辑章节:王聘珍"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>王聘珍,字貞吾,南城人。自幼以力學聞。乾隆五十四年,學使翁方綱拔貢成均,為謝啟昆、阮元參訂古籍。嘗客浙西,與歙凌廷堪論學,廷堪深許之。為人厚重誠篤,廉介自守。 </p><p>治經確守後鄭之學,著大戴禮記解詁十三卷、目錄一卷。其言曰:「大戴與小戴同受業於後倉,各取孔壁古文說,非小戴刪大戴、馬融足小戴也。禮察、保傅,語及秦亡,乃孔襄等所合藏。是賈誼有取於古記,非古記採及新書也。三朝記、曾子,乃劉氏分屬九流,非大戴所裒集也。」 </p><p>又曰:「近代校讎,不知家法,王肅本點竄此經,私定孔子家語,反據肅本改易經文。又或據唐、宋類書如藝文類聚、太平御覽之流,增刪字句,或云據永樂大典改某字作某。凡茲數端,率以今義繩古義,以今音證古音,以今文易古文,遂使孔壁古奧之經,變而文從字順,經義由茲而亡。」故其發凡大旨,禮典器數,墨守鄭義,解詁文字,一依爾雅、說文及兩漢經師訓詁。有不知而闕,無杜撰之言。如「五義」義字,據周禮注讀若儀,「五鑿」五字釋若忤,青史子引漢書「君子養之」,讀若「中心養養」之養。皆能根據經史,發蒙解惑。江都焦循稱其不為增刪,一仍其舊,列為三十二讀書讚之一。他著經義考補,九經學。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="凌廷堪"><span id=".E5.87.8C.E5.BB.B7.E5.A0.AA"></span>凌廷堪</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=82" title="编辑章节:凌廷堪"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>凌廷堪,字次仲,歙縣人。六歲而孤,冠后始讀書,慕其鄉江永、戴震之學。乾隆五十五年進士,改教職,選寧國府學教授。奉母之官,畢力著述者十餘年。嘉慶十四年,卒,年五十三。 </p><p>廷堪之學,無所不窺,於六書、曆算以迄古今疆域之沿革、職官之異同,靡不條貫。尤專禮學,謂:「古聖使人復性者學也,所學者即禮也。顏淵問仁,孔子告之者惟禮焉爾,顏子嘆道之高堅前後。迨'博文約禮' ,然後'如有所立',即'立於禮'之立也。禮有節文度數,非空言理者可託。」著禮經釋例十三卷,謂:「禮儀委曲繁重,必須會通其例。如鄉飲酒、鄉射、燕禮、大射不同,而其為獻酢酬旅、酬無算爵之例則同;聘禮、覲禮不同,而其為郊勞執玉、行享庭實之例則同;特牲饋食、少牢饋食不同,而其為屍飯主人初獻、主婦亞獻、賓長三獻、祭畢飲酒之例則同。」乃區為八例,以明同中之異,異中之同:曰通例,曰飲食例,曰賓客例,曰射例,曰變例,曰祭例,曰器服例,曰雜例。禮經第十一篇,自漢以來說者雖多,由不明尊尊之旨,故罕得經意,乃為封建尊尊服制考一篇,附於變例之後。大興朱珪讀其書,贈詩推重之。 </p><p>廷堪禮經而外,复潛心於樂,謂今世俗樂與古雅樂中隔唐人燕樂一關,蔡季通、鄭世子輩俱未之知。因以隋沛公鄭譯五旦、七調之說為燕樂之本,又參考段安節琵琶錄、張叔夏詞源、遼史樂志諸書,著燕樂考原六卷。江都江籓嘆以為「思通鬼神」。他著有元遺山年譜二卷,校禮堂文集三十六卷、詩集十四卷。儀徵阮元常命子常生從廷堪授士禮,又稱其鄉射五物考、九拜解、九祭解、釋牲、詩楚茨考諸說經之文,多發古人所未發。其尤卓然者,則復禮三篇云。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="同邑_洪榜"><span id=".E5.90.8C.E9.82.91_.E6.B4.AA.E6.A6.9C"></span>同邑 洪榜</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=83" title="编辑章节:同邑 洪榜"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>同邑洪榜,字汝登。乾隆二十三年舉人。四十一年,應天津召試第一,授內閣中書。卒,年三十有五。粹於經學,著明象未成,終於益卦。因鄭康成易贊作述贊二卷。又明聲均,撰四聲均和表五卷,示兒切語一卷。江氏永切字六百十有六,是書增補百三十九字,又以字母見、溪等字注於廣韻之目每字之上,以定喉、吻、舌、齒、脣五音,蓋其書宗江、戴二家之說而加詳焉。為人律身以正,待人以誠。生平服膺戴震。戴震所著孟子字義疏證,當時讀者不能通其義,惟榜以為功不在禹下。撰震行狀,載與彭紹升書,朱筠見之曰:「可不必載,戴氏可傳者不在此。」榜乃上書辨論。江籓在吳下見其書,歎曰:「洪君可謂衛道之儒矣。」 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_洪榜"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.B4.AA.E6.A6.9C"></span>附 洪榜</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=84" title="编辑章节:附 洪榜"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>汪龍,字辰叔,亦廷堪同邑人。乾隆五十一年舉人。嗜古博學,尤精於詩,嘗讀詩生民、玄鳥二篇,疑鄭箋跡乳卵生之說,不若毛詩謂姜嫄、簡狄從帝嚳祀郊禖之正。遂稽傳、箋同異,用力於是經者數十年,成毛詩異義四卷,毛詩申成十卷。卒,年八十二。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="桂馥"><span id=".E6.A1.82.E9.A6.A5"></span>桂馥</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=85" title="编辑章节:桂馥"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>桂馥,字冬卉,曲阜人。乾隆五十五年進士,選雲南永平縣知縣,卒於官。 </p><p>馥博涉群書,尤潛心小學,精通聲義。嘗謂:「士不通經,不足致用;而訓詁不明,不足以通經。」故自諸生以至通籍,四十年間,日取許氏說文與諸經之義相疏證,為說文義證五十卷。力窮根柢,為一生精力所在。 </p><p>馥與段玉裁生同時,同治說文,學者以桂、段並稱,而兩人兩不相見,書亦未見,亦異事也。蓋段氏之書,聲義兼明,而尤邃於聲;桂氏之書,聲亦並及,而尤博於義。段氏鉤索比傅,自以為能冥合許君之旨,勇於自信,自成一家之言,故破字創義為多;桂氏專佐許說,發揮旁通,令學者引申貫注,自得其義之所歸。故段書約而猝難通闢,桂書繁而尋省易了。夫語其得於心,則段勝矣;語其便於人,則段或未之先也。其專臚古籍,不下己意,則以意在博證求通,展轉孳乳,觸長無方,亦如王氏廣雅疏證、阮氏經籍篡詁之類,非以己意為獨斷者。 </p><p>及馥就宦滇南,追念舊聞,隨筆疏記十卷,以其細碎,比之匠門木材,題曰札樸。然馥嘗引徐幹中論:「鄙儒博學,務於物名,詳於器械,考於訓詁,摘其章句而不能統其大義之所極,以獲先王之心。故使學者勞思慮而不知道,費日月而無功成。」謂近日學者風尚六書,動成習氣,偶涉名物,自負倉、雅,略講點畫,妄議斯、冰,叩以經典大義,茫乎未之聞也。此尤為同時小學家所不能言,足以針肓起廢。他著有晚學集十二卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_許瀚"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E8.A8.B1.E7.80.9A"></span>附 許瀚</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=86" title="编辑章节:附 許瀚"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>許瀚,字印林,日照人。道光十五年舉人,官嶧縣教諭。博綜經史及金石文字,訓詁尤深。至校勘宋、元、明本書籍,精審不減黃丕烈、顧廣圻。晚年為靈石楊氏校刊桂馥說文義證於清河,甫成而板毀於捻寇,並所藏經籍金石俱盡,遂挹鬱而歿,年七十。他著有韓詩外傳勘誤,攀古小廬文。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="江聲"><span id=".E6.B1.9F.E8.81.B2"></span>江聲</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=87" title="编辑章节:江聲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>江聲,字叔澐,元和人。七歲就傅讀書,問讀書何為,師以取科第為言,聲求所以進於是者。年二十九,遭父疾,晨夕侍衛褥,不解衣帶,至自滌穠窬,視穢以驗疾進退。及居憂,哀毀骨立,逾三年,容戚然如新喪者。侍母疾,居喪,亦如父歿時。族黨哀其至行。既孤,因不復事科舉業。 </p><p>讀尚書,怪古文與今文不類。又怪孔傳非安國所為。年三十五,師事同郡通儒惠棟,得讀所著古文尚書考及閻若璩古文疏證,乃知古文及孔傳皆晉時人偽作,於是集漢儒之說,以注二十九篇,漢注不備,則旁考他書。精研古訓,成尚書集注音疏十二卷,附補誼九條、識偽字一條,尚書集注音疏前後述外編一卷,尚書經師系表也。經文注疏,皆以古篆書之。疑偽古文者,始於宋之吳才老,朱子以後,吳草廬、郝京山、梅鷟皆不能得其要領。至本朝閻、惠兩徵君所著之書,乃能發其作偽之跡、剿竊之原。若刊正經文,疏明古注,則皆未之及也,及聲出而集大成焉。 </p><p>聲又病後世深求考老轉注之義,至以篆跡求之,因為六書說,謂建類一首,即始一終亥五百四十部之首,同意相受,即凡某之屬皆從某也。陽湖孫星衍亦推其說,以為爾雅肇、祖、元、胎之屬,始也。始亦建類一首,肇、祖、元、胎皆為始,亦同意相受。說文此類亦甚多,推考老之訓,如口部之咽,嗌也;嗌,咽也。走部之走,趨也;趨,走也。猶之考注老,老轉注考矣。其同在口部、走部,即建類一首也。聲亦以為然,而戴震以為貫全部則義太廣。聲折之曰:「若止考老為轉注,不已隘乎?且諧聲一義,不貫全部乎?」聲與震以學問相推重,其不相附和如此。 </p><p>生平不作楷書,即與人往來筆札,皆作古篆,俗儒往往非笑之,而聲不顧也。其寫尚書瀍水字, L0字,不在說文,瀍據淮南作廛,氵廛據爾雅義作孟,人始或怪之,後服其非臆說。顧其書終以時俗不便識讀,不甚行於時。 </p><p>聲性耿介,不慕榮利。交遊如王鳴盛、王昶、畢沅,皆重其品藻,而聲未嘗以私事乾之,當事益重其人。嘉慶元年,舉孝廉方正。四年,卒,年七十有九。晚年因不諧俗,動與時違,取周易艮背之義,自號艮庭,學者稱為艮庭先生云。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="子_鏐"><span id=".E5.AD.90_.E9.8F.90"></span>子 鏐</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=88" title="编辑章节:子 鏐"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>子鏐,吳縣學生。孫沅,優貢生。世傳其學。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="孫_沅"><span id=".E5.AD.AB_.E6.B2.85"></span>孫 沅</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=89" title="编辑章节:孫 沅"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>沅,字子蘭。金壇段玉裁僑居蘇州,沅出入其門者數十年。沅先著說文釋例,後承玉裁囑,以段書十七部諧聲表之列某聲某聲者為綱,而件系之;聲復生聲,則依其次第,為說文解字音均表凡十七卷。沅於段紕譌處略箋其失,其言曰:「支、脂、之之為三,真、臻、先與諄、文、欣、魂、痕之為二,皆陸氏之舊,而段氏矜為獨得之秘,嚴分其界以自殊異。凡許氏所合韻處,皆多方改使離之,而一部之與十二部,亦不使相通。故皕之讀若秘,改為逼;肊之乙聲,刪去聲字;必之弋亦聲,改為八亦聲。而於開章一篆說解極一物三字,即是一部、十二部、十五部合韻之理,於是絕不敢言其韻,直至亥字下重文說之也。十二、十三兩部之相通者,惟民、昬二字為梗,故力去昬字,以就其說。畀字田聲,十五部也,綥從畀得聲,而翏即古綦字,在一部,遂改畀字為★M1聲,以避十五部與一部之合音。凡此皆段氏之癥結處也。」又曰:「段氏論音謂古無去,故譜諸書平而上入。沅意古音有去無入,平輕去重,平引成上,去促成入。上入之字,少於平去,職是故耳。北人語言入皆成去,古音所沿,至今猶舊,非敢苟異,參之或然。」沅當時面質玉裁,親許駮勘,故有不同雲。卒,年七十二。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="錢大昭"><span id=".E9.8C.A2.E5.A4.A7.E6.98.AD"></span>錢大昭</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=90" title="编辑章节:錢大昭"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>錢大昭,字晦之,嘉定人,大昕弟。大昕深於經史,一門群從,皆治古學,能文章,為東南之望。大昭少於大昕者二十年,事兄如嚴師,得其指授,時有兩甦之比。壯歲遊京師,嘗校錄四庫全書,人間未見之秘,皆得縱觀,由是學問益浩博。又善於決擇,其說經及小學之書,能直入漢儒閫奧。嘗欲從事爾雅,大昕與書,謂:「六經皆以明道,未有不通訓詁而能知道者。欲窮六經之旨,必自爾雅始。」大昭乃著爾雅釋文補三卷及廣雅疏義二十卷。 </p><p>又著說文統釋六十卷,其例十:一曰疏證以佐古義,凡經典古義與許合者在所必收。二曰音切以復古音,以徐鉉、徐鍇等不知古音,往往誤讀,又許君言讀若某者,即有某音,今並補正;又說文本有舊音,隋書經籍誌有說文音隱,顏氏家訓引之。唐以前傳注家多稱說文音某,今並採附本字之下。三曰考異以復古本,凡古本暨古書所引有​​異同者,悉取以折中。四曰辨俗以正譌字,凡經典相承俗字,及徐氏新補、新附字,皆辨證詳明,別為一卷附後。五曰通義以明互借,凡經典之同物同音,於古本是通用者,皆引經證之。六曰從母以明孳乳,如完、刓、髡、軏等字,皆於元下注云從此。七曰別體以廣異義,凡重文中之籀、篆、古文、奇字,皆有所從,其許君未言者,亦略釋之;經典兩用者,則引而證焉。八曰正譌以訂刊誤,凡許君不收之字,注中不應有,又字畫脫誤者,併校正之。九曰崇古以知古字,如鷐、鴠、<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>、<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>之類,經典有不從鳥者,此古今字,今注曰古用某。十曰補字以免漏略,如由、希、免、畾等三十九字,從此得聲者甚多,而書中脫落,有子無母,非許例,今酌補之,亦別為一卷附後。 </p><p>大昭於正史尤精兩漢,嘗謂注史與注經不同,注經以明理為宗,理寓於訓詁,訓詁明而理自見。注史以達事為主,事不明,訓詁雖精無益也。每怪服虔、應劭之於漢書,裴駰、徐廣之於史記,其時去古未遠,稗官、載記、碑刻尚多,不能會而通之,考異質疑,徒戔戔於訓詁,乃著兩漢書辨疑四十卷,於地理、官制皆有所得。又彷其例著三國志辨疑三卷。又以宋熊方所補後漢書年表祗取材范書、陳志,乃於正史外兼取山經、地志、金石、子集,其體例依班氏之舊,而略變通之,著後漢書補表八卷。計所補王侯,多於熊書百三十人,論者謂視萬斯同歷代史表有過之無不及。他著有詩古訓十二卷,經說十卷,補續漢書藝文志二卷,後漢郡國令長考一卷,邇言二卷。 </p><p>生平不嗜榮利,名其讀書之所曰可廬,欲蘄至於古之隨遇自足者。嘉慶元年,舉孝廉方正。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="子_東垣"><span id=".E5.AD.90_.E6.9D.B1.E5.9E.A3"></span>子 東垣</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=91" title="编辑章节:子 東垣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>子東垣,字既勤。嘉慶三年舉人。官浙江松陽縣知縣,以艱歸。服闋,補上虞縣。東垣與弟繹、侗,皆潛研經、史、金石,時稱「三鳳」。嘗與繹、侗及同縣秦鑑勘訂鄭志,又與繹、侗、鑑及桐鄉金錫鬯輯釋崇文總目,世稱精本。東垣為學沉博而知要,以世傳孟子注疏繆舛特甚,乃輯劉熙、綦毋邃、陸善經諸儒古注及顧炎武、閻若璩、同時師友之論,附以己見。並正其音讀,考其異同,為孟子解誼十四卷。他著有小爾雅校證二卷,補經義考四十卷,列代建元表,勤有堂文集。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="東垣弟_侗"><span id=".E6.9D.B1.E5.9E.A3.E5.BC.9F_.E4.BE.97"></span>東垣弟 侗</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=92" title="编辑章节:東垣弟 侗"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>侗,字同人。於曆算之學,亦能究其原本。大昕撰宋遼金元四史朔閏考,未竟而卒,侗證以群書、金石文字,增輯一千三百餘條。日夕檢閱推算,幾忘寢食,卒因是感疾而歿。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_朱駿聲"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.9C.B1.E9.A7.BF.E8.81.B2"></span>附 朱駿聲</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=93" title="编辑章节:附 朱駿聲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>朱駿聲,字豐芑,吳縣人。年十三,受許氏說文,一讀即通曉。從錢大昕遊,錢一見奇之,曰:「衣缽之傳,將在子矣!」嘉慶二十三年舉人,官黟縣訓導。咸豐元年,以截取知縣入都,進呈所著說文通訓定聲及古今韻準、柬韻、說雅,共四十卷。文宗披覽,嘉其洽,賞國子監博士銜。旋遷揚州府學教授,引疾,未之官。八年,卒,年七十一。 </p><p>駿聲著述甚博,不求知於世,兼長推步,明通像數。嘗論爾雅太歲在寅,推大昕說,謂其時自以實測之歲星在亥,定太歲在寅,命之曰攝提格以紀年,歲星所合之辰,即為太歲。然歲星閱百四十四年而超一辰,在秦、漢而甲寅之年歲星在醜,太歲應在子。漢詔書以太初元年為攝提格者,因六十紀年之名,歷年以次排敘,不能頓超一辰,故仍命以攝提格也。於是後人以寅、卯等為太歲,強以攝提格等為歲陰。其實爾雅所云歲陽、歲陰,非如後人說也。他著有左傳旁通十卷,左傳識小錄三卷,夏小正補傳一卷,離騷補注一卷。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="駿聲子_孔彰"><span id=".E9.A7.BF.E8.81.B2.E5.AD.90_.E5.AD.94.E5.BD.B0"></span>駿聲子 孔彰</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;action=edit&amp;section=94" title="编辑章节:駿聲子 孔彰"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>子孔彰,字仲我。能傳父業,著有說文粹三編,十三經漢注,中興將帥別傳。 </p> <table class="ws-noexport noprint" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid var(--border-color-content-added,#a3d3ff); background-color: var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff); width:100%; margin-bottom:0px; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20%" align="left"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7480" title="清史稿/卷480">卷四百八十</a> </td> <td><span style="color:#999"> ◄ </span> </td> <td width="50%" align="center"><a href="#top">↑返回頂部</a> </td> <td><span style="color:#999"> ► </span> </td> <td width="20%" align="right"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482" title="清史稿/卷482">卷四百八十二</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2435851">.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer{box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:0.25em;clear:both;width:auto;page-break-before:always;break-before:page}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child{display:table;border:2px solid var(--border-subtle,#8888aa);border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0 0;empty-cells:hide;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0 auto 0 auto;width:100%;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f7f8ff);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child{display:table-row-group}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div{display:table-cell;padding:5px;vertical-align:middle;width:auto}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2){text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div:first-child{display:block;margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div:nth-child(2){display:table;border-top:1px solid var(--border-subtle,#8888aa)}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div:nth-child(2)>div{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div:nth-child(2)>div:first-child{text-align:center;padding:5px 0;width:40px}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div:nth-child(2)>div:nth-child(2){text-align:left;padding:5px;font-size:92%}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(3){text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .licensetpl{display:none}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer.wst-collapsible-box{clear:both;margin:0.25em 0 0.25em 0;font-size:95%;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f7f8ff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:2px solid var(--border-subtle,#8888aa);text-align:left;line-height:1.6}.mw-parser-output .wst-license-container-title{display:inline-block;padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wst-license-container-content{background:transparent;color:inherit;margin:0;padding:3px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer.warningLicenseContainer>div:first-child{border:2px solid var(--border-color-error,#b22222);background-color:var(--background-color-error-subtle,#ffeeee);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer.warningLicenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div:nth-child(2){border:2px solid var(--border-color-error,#b22222);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}</style><div class="licenseContainer licenseBanner dynlayout-exempt"> <div><div><div><div> <p><span class="imageLeft"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/48px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/72px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/96px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span></span> </p> </div><div> <div> <p>1996年1月1日,这部作品在原著作國家或地區屬於<b><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%89%E9%A0%98%E5%9F%9F" class="extiw" title="w:公有領域">公有領域</a></b>,之前在美國從未出版,其作者1919年逝世,在<b>美國</b>以及版權期限是<b>作者終身加100年</b>以下的國家以及地区屬於<b><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%89%E9%A0%98%E5%9F%9F" class="extiw" title="w:公有領域">公有領域</a></b>。 </p> </div> </div><div> <p><span class="noimageRight"></span> </p> </div></div></div></div> <div class="licensetpl"> <p><span class="licensetpl_short">Public domain</span><span class="licensetpl_long">Public domain</span><span class="licensetpl_link_req">false</span><span class="licensetpl_attr_req">false</span> </p> </div> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐d465dfd78‐zzvxp Cached time: 20241126133208 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 2.300 seconds Real time usage: 2.350 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 72684/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 432399/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 27970/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3241/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.068/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 906173/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 2053.185 1 -total 65.48% 1344.454 761 Template:ProperNoun 26.72% 548.660 7610 Template:專/item 20.94% 429.967 437 Template:WavyBookMark 8.97% 184.217 2185 Template:書/item 3.22% 66.139 1 Template:Header 2.74% 56.344 1 Template:Pd/1996 2.52% 51.739 1 Template:PD-old-100-1996 2.32% 47.719 1 Template:License 0.97% 19.949 1 Template:Textquality --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key zhwikisource:pcache:177813:|#|:idhash:canonical!zh and timestamp 20241126133208 and revision id 2485134. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=清史稿/卷481&amp;oldid=2485134">https://zh.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=清史稿/卷481&amp;oldid=2485134</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>:​<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:50%25" title="Category:50%">50%</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E7%B9%86%E8%8D%83%E5%AD%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:繆荃孫(页面不存在)">繆荃孫</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:PD-old-100-1996" title="Category:PD-old-100-1996">PD-old-100-1996</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类:​<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABUnicode%E7%A7%81%E6%9C%89%E5%8C%BA%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含Unicode私有区字符的条目">包含Unicode私有区字符的条目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 此页面最后编辑于2024年10月31日 (星期四) 08:37。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享 署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供,附加条款亦可能应用。(请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>)<br />在部份国家和地区,包括中国大陆、澳门和台湾,作者精神权(含署名权)永久有效(<b><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF" title="Wikisource:版权信息">详情</a></b>)。<br /> Wikisource&#174;和维基文库标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标;维基&#8482;是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br />维基媒体基金会是在美国佛罗里达州登记的501(c)(3)<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">免税</a>、非营利、慈善机构。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基文库</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikisource.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7f966856f8-pv2jw","wgBackendResponseTime":172,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.300","walltime":"2.350","ppvisitednodes":{"value":72684,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":432399,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":27970,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":3241,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2053.185 1 -total"," 65.48% 1344.454 761 Template:ProperNoun"," 26.72% 548.660 7610 Template:專/item"," 20.94% 429.967 437 Template:WavyBookMark"," 8.97% 184.217 2185 Template:書/item"," 3.22% 66.139 1 Template:Header"," 2.74% 56.344 1 Template:Pd/1996"," 2.52% 51.739 1 Template:PD-old-100-1996"," 2.32% 47.719 1 Template:License"," 0.97% 19.949 1 Template:Textquality"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.068","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":906173,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-d465dfd78-zzvxp","timestamp":"20241126133208","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u6e05\u53f2\u7a3f\/\u5377481","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikisource.org\/wiki\/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF\/%E5%8D%B7481","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q85621127","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q85621127","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-09-08T04:19:43Z","dateModified":"2024-10-31T08:37:36Z"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10