CINXE.COM
清史稿/卷482 - 维基文库,自由的图书馆
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>清史稿/卷482 - 维基文库,自由的图书馆</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikisourcemwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh","wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"8a970dca-e26f-4436-8a9d-090a0042dc32","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"清史稿/卷482","wgTitle":"清史稿/卷482","wgCurRevisionId":2009476,"wgRevisionId":2009476,"wgArticleId":177814,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["包含Unicode私有区字符的条目","50%","繆荃孫","PD-old-100-1996"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"清史稿/卷482","wgRelevantArticleId":177814,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikisource","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"prpProofreadPageBookNamespaces":[0],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q85621133","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.0"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready", "mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","ext.wikisource.icons":"ready","ext.proofreadpage.base":"ready","ext.proofreadpage.article":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.wikisource.download","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.tabbedwindow","ext.gadget.PageNumbers","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface", "wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.proofreadpage.article%2Cbase%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cext.wikisource.icons%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.indicators%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.8"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="清史稿/卷482 - 维基文库,自由的图书馆"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikisource.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikisource (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikisource.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hans/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikisource的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-清史稿_卷482 rootpage-清史稿 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-randomwork" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%A0%B9%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Main"><span>随机作品</span></a></li><li id="n-randomauthor" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Author"><span>随机作者</span></a></li><li id="n-randomindex" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%A0%B9%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Index"><span>随机原本</span></a></li><li id="n-allpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2"><span>所有页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 编者 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E7%A4%BE%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划,您可做的事,何处找到您所需"><span>社群首页</span></a></li><li id="n-scriptorium" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E5%86%99%E5%AD%97%E9%97%B4"><span>写字间</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="本wiki的最近更改列表[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="查找帮助的地方"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E"><span>关于维基文库</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC"><span>联系我们</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E6%96%B9%E9%92%88%E4%B8%8E%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikisource.svg" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikisource" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikisource-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 7.125em; height: 1.5em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索Wikisource内容[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索Wikisource内容" aria-label="搜索Wikisource内容" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索Wikisource内容[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikisource.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7482" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7482" title="我们推荐您登录,但这不是强制性的[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikisource.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7482" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7482" title="我们推荐您登录,但这不是强制性的[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="有关本IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003E关闭\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"zh\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E-\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-馬宗槤" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#馬宗槤"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>馬宗槤</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-馬宗槤-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关馬宗槤子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-馬宗槤-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-宗槤子_瑞辰" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗槤子_瑞辰"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>宗槤子 瑞辰</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗槤子_瑞辰-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-子瑞辰子_三俊" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子瑞辰子_三俊"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>子瑞辰子 三俊</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子瑞辰子_三俊-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-張惠言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#張惠言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>張惠言</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-張惠言-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关張惠言子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-張惠言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-惠言子_成孫" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#惠言子_成孫"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>惠言子 成孫</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-惠言子_成孫-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_江承之" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_江承之"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>附 江承之</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_江承之-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_郝懿行" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_郝懿行"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>附 郝懿行</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_郝懿行-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-陳壽祺" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#陳壽祺"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>陳壽祺</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-陳壽祺-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关陳壽祺子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-陳壽祺-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-壽祺子_喬樅" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#壽祺子_喬樅"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>壽祺子 喬樅</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-壽祺子_喬樅-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_謝震" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_謝震"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>附 謝震</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_謝震-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_何治運" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_何治運"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>附 何治運</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_何治運-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_孫經世" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_孫經世"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>附 孫經世</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_孫經世-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_柯蘅" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_柯蘅"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>附 柯蘅</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_柯蘅-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-許宗彦" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#許宗彦"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>許宗彦</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-許宗彦-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-呂飛鵬" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#呂飛鵬"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>呂飛鵬</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-呂飛鵬-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关呂飛鵬子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-呂飛鵬-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_沈夢蘭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_沈夢蘭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>附 沈夢蘭</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_沈夢蘭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_宋世犖" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_宋世犖"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>附 宋世犖</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_宋世犖-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-嚴可均" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#嚴可均"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>嚴可均</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-嚴可均-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关嚴可均子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-嚴可均-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_嚴元照" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_嚴元照"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>附 嚴元照</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_嚴元照-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-焦循" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#焦循"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>焦循</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-焦循-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关焦循子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-焦循-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-循子_廷琥" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#循子_廷琥"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>循子 廷琥</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-循子_廷琥-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_顧鳳毛" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_顧鳳毛"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>附 顧鳳毛</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_顧鳳毛-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_-{鍾}-懷" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_-{鍾}-懷"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>附 鍾懷</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_-{鍾}-懷-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_李-{鍾}-泗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_李-{鍾}-泗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>附 李鍾泗</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_李-{鍾}-泗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-李富孫" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#李富孫"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>李富孫</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-李富孫-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关李富孫子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-李富孫-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-富孫伯兄_超孫" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#富孫伯兄_超孫"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>富孫伯兄 超孫</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-富孫伯兄_超孫-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-富孫從弟_遇孫" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#富孫從弟_遇孫"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>富孫從弟 遇孫</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-富孫從弟_遇孫-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-胡承珙" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#胡承珙"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>胡承珙</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-胡承珙-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关胡承珙子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-胡承珙-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_胡秉虔" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_胡秉虔"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>附 胡秉虔</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_胡秉虔-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_朱珔" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_朱珔"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>附 朱珔</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_朱珔-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-凌曙" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#凌曙"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>凌曙</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-凌曙-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关凌曙子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-凌曙-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_薛傳均" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_薛傳均"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>附 薛傳均</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_薛傳均-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-劉逢祿" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#劉逢祿"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>劉逢祿</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-劉逢祿-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关劉逢祿子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-劉逢祿-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_宋翔鳳" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_宋翔鳳"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>附 宋翔鳳</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_宋翔鳳-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_戴望" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_戴望"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>附 戴望</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_戴望-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-雷學淇" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#雷學淇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>雷學淇</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-雷學淇-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关雷學淇子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-雷學淇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_王萱齡" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_王萱齡"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>附 王萱齡</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_王萱齡-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_崔述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_崔述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>附 崔述</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_崔述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-胡培翬" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#胡培翬"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>胡培翬</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-胡培翬-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关胡培翬子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-胡培翬-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-培翬門人_楊大堉" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#培翬門人_楊大堉"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>培翬門人 楊大堉</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-培翬門人_楊大堉-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-劉文淇" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#劉文淇"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>劉文淇</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-劉文淇-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关劉文淇子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-劉文淇-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-文淇子毓-{崧}-" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文淇子毓-{崧}-"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>文淇子毓崧</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文淇子毓-{崧}--sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_孫壽曾" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_孫壽曾"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>附 孫壽曾</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_孫壽曾-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_方申" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_方申"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.3</span> <span>附 方申</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_方申-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-丁晏" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#丁晏"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>丁晏</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-丁晏-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-王筠" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#王筠"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>王筠</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-王筠-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-曾釗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#曾釗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>曾釗</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-曾釗-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关曾釗子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-曾釗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_林伯桐" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_林伯桐"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.1</span> <span>附 林伯桐</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_林伯桐-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_李黼平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_李黼平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.2</span> <span>附 李黼平</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_李黼平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-柳興恩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#柳興恩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>柳興恩</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-柳興恩-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关柳興恩子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-柳興恩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-興恩弟榮宗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#興恩弟榮宗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.1</span> <span>興恩弟榮宗</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-興恩弟榮宗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_許桂林" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_許桂林"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.2</span> <span>附 許桂林</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_許桂林-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_-{鍾}-文烝" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_-{鍾}-文烝"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.3</span> <span>附 鍾文烝</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_-{鍾}-文烝-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_梅毓" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_梅毓"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.4</span> <span>附 梅毓</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_梅毓-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-陳澧" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#陳澧"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>陳澧</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-陳澧-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关陳澧子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-陳澧-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_侯康" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_侯康"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.1</span> <span>附 侯康</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_侯康-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-康弟_度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#康弟_度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.1.1</span> <span>康弟 度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-康弟_度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_桂文燦" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_桂文燦"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.2</span> <span>附 桂文燦</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_桂文燦-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-鄭珍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#鄭珍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>鄭珍</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-鄭珍-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关鄭珍子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-鄭珍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_鄒漢勳" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_鄒漢勳"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20.1</span> <span>附 鄒漢勳</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_鄒漢勳-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_王-{崧}-" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_王-{崧}-"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20.2</span> <span>附 王崧</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_王-{崧}--sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-劉寶楠" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#劉寶楠"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> <span>劉寶楠</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-劉寶楠-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关劉寶楠子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-劉寶楠-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-寶楠子_恭冕" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#寶楠子_恭冕"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21.1</span> <span>寶楠子 恭冕</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-寶楠子_恭冕-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-龍啓瑞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#龍啓瑞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22</span> <span>龍啓瑞</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-龍啓瑞-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关龍啓瑞子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-龍啓瑞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_苗夔" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_苗夔"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22.1</span> <span>附 苗夔</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_苗夔-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_龐大-{堃}-" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_龐大-{堃}-"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22.2</span> <span>附 龐大堃</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_龐大-{堃}--sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-陳立" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#陳立"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">23</span> <span>陳立</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-陳立-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-陳奐" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#陳奐"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24</span> <span>陳奐</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-陳奐-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关陳奐子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-陳奐-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_金鶚" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_金鶚"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24.1</span> <span>附 金鶚</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_金鶚-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-黃式三" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#黃式三"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">25</span> <span>黃式三</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-黃式三-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关黃式三子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-黃式三-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-式三子_以周" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#式三子_以周"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">25.1</span> <span>式三子 以周</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-式三子_以周-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-式三從子_以恭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#式三從子_以恭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">25.2</span> <span>式三從子 以恭</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-式三從子_以恭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-兪樾" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#兪樾"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">26</span> <span>兪樾</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-兪樾-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关兪樾子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-兪樾-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_張文虎" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_張文虎"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">26.1</span> <span>附 張文虎</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_張文虎-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-王闓運" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#王闓運"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">27</span> <span>王闓運</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-王闓運-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-王先謙" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#王先謙"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">28</span> <span>王先謙</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-王先謙-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-孫詒讓" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#孫詒讓"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">29</span> <span>孫詒讓</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-孫詒讓-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-鄭杲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#鄭杲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">30</span> <span>鄭杲</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-鄭杲-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关鄭杲子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-鄭杲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-附_宋書升" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_宋書升"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">30.1</span> <span>附 宋書升</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_宋書升-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-附_法偉堂" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#附_法偉堂"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">30.2</span> <span>附 法偉堂</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-附_法偉堂-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">清史稿/卷482</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="这篇条目只存在于此语言中。添加其他语言的条目" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">添加语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q85621133#sitelinks-wikisource" title="添加跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">添加链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482" title="查看内容页面[c]" accesskey="c"><span>作品</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="有关内容页面的讨论(页面不存在)[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=history" title="该页面过去的修订[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482" title="所有链接至本页面的wiki页面列表[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482" rel="nofollow" title="链自本页的页面的最近更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=zh" title="上传文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="所有特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&oldid=2009476" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7482&id=2009476&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B8%2585%25E5%258F%25B2%25E7%25A8%25BF%2F%25E5%258D%25B7482"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B8%2585%25E5%258F%25B2%25E7%25A8%25BF%2F%25E5%258D%25B7482"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印版本</span></a></li><li id="wikisource-download-epub" class="mw-list-item"><a title="下载此作品的EPUB版本" href="https://ws-export.wmcloud.org/?format=epub&lang=zh&page=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7482"><span>下载为EPUB</span></a></li><li id="wikisource-download-mobi" class="mw-list-item"><a title="下载此作品的MOBI版本" href="https://ws-export.wmcloud.org/?format=mobi&lang=zh&page=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7482"><span>下载为MOBI</span></a></li><li id="wikisource-download-pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a title="下载此作品的PDF版本" href="https://ws-export.wmcloud.org/?format=pdf&lang=zh&page=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7482"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="wikisource-download-choose" class="mw-list-item"><a title="打开一个表单来选择其他格式和字体等。" href="https://ws-export.wmcloud.org/?lang=zh&title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7482"><span>其他格式</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q85621133" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-text-integrity" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="textquality" class="50%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E6%AD%A3%E6%96%87%E5%93%81%E8%B4%A8" title="文章已經完整並經過了格式化,但是沒有校對或不知其來源是否可靠。"><img alt="文章已經完整並經過了格式化,但是沒有校對或不知其來源是否可靠。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/14px-50_percents.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/21px-50_percents.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/28px-50_percents.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-~ext-wikisource-download" class="mw-indicator"><span id='ooui-php-1' class='ext-wikisource-download-button oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-flaggedElement-primary oo-ui-flaggedElement-progressive oo-ui-buttonWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ButtonWidget","href":"https:\/\/ws-export.wmcloud.org\/?format=epub&lang=zh&page=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7482","rel":["nofollow"],"label":"\u4e0b\u8f7d","title":"\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6b64\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684EPUB\u7248\u672c","flags":["primary","progressive"],"data":{"wsExportUrl":"https:\/\/ws-export.wmcloud.org"},"classes":["ext-wikisource-download-button"]}'><a role='button' title='下载此作品的EPUB版本' tabindex='0' href='https://ws-export.wmcloud.org/?format=epub&lang=zh&page=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF%2F%E5%8D%B7482' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-iconElement-noIcon oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>下载</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">維基文庫,自由的圖書館</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="subpages">< <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF" title="清史稿">清史稿</a></bdi></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="headerContainer"> <table style="width:100%; margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:3px;border:1px solid var(--border-color-content-added,#93A6C0); background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#F9F9F9); color: inherit;text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:0; text-align:left; font-size:small;">← </td> <td style="width:25%; text-align:left; font-size:small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481" title="清史稿/卷481">巻四百八十一</a> </td> <td style="width:50%;"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF" title="清史稿">清史稿</a></b><br />巻四百八十二<br /><span style="color:var(--color-placeholder,#999999)">作者:</span><a href="/wiki/Author:%E7%B9%86%E8%8D%83%E5%AD%AB" title="Author:繆荃孫">繆荃孫</a> </td> <td style="width:25%; text-align:right; font-size:small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7483" title="清史稿/卷483">巻四百八十三</a> </td> <td class="noprint" style="width:0; text-align:right; font-size:small;">→ </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width:100%; background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#F8FCFF); color: inherit;font-size:small; border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-content-added,#93A6C0)"> <tbody><tr> <td><ul id="plainSister" style="display:inline-block; font-size:93%; line-height:normal; list-style-type:none; list-style-image:none; list-style-position:outside; border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#AAA); float:right; clear:right; margin:0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex 0.5ex; padding:0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex 0.0ex; background-color:var(--background-color-base,#FFFFFF);color: inherit;"><li class="noprint sisitem"><span class="sisicon" style="padding-right:1ex;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99%E7%9F%A9%E9%98%B5" title="Special:网站矩阵"><img alt="姊妹计划" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/18px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/27px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/36px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99%E7%9F%A9%E9%98%B5" title="Special:网站矩阵">姊妹计划</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85621133" class="extiw" title="d:Q85621133">数据项</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>列傳二百六十九 </p><p>儒林三 </p><p>馬宗槤<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>子瑞辰 孫三俊<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 張惠言<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>子成孫 江承之 郝懿行<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 陳壽祺<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>子喬樅 謝震 何治運 孫經世 柯蘅<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 許宗彦 呂飛鵬<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>沈夢蘭 宋世犖<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 嚴可均<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>嚴元照<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 焦循<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>子廷琥 顧鳳毛 鍾懷 李鍾泗<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 李富孫<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>兄超孫 弟遇孫<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 胡承珙<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>胡秉虔 朱珔<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 凌曙<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>薛傳均<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 劉逢祿<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>宋翔鳳 戴望<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 雷學淇<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>王萱齡 崔述<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 胡培翬<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>楊大堉<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 劉文淇<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>子毓崧 孫壽曾 方申<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 丁晏 王筠 曾釗<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>林伯桐 李黼平<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 柳興恩<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>弟榮宗 許桂林 鍾文烝 梅毓<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 陳澧<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>侯康 侯度 桂文燦<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 鄭珍<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>鄒漢勳 王崧<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 劉寶楠<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>子恭冕<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 龍啓瑞<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>苗夔 龐大堃<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 陳立 陳奐<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>金鶚<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 黃式三<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>子以周<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 兪樾<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>張文虎<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> 王闓運 王先謙 孫詒讓 鄭杲<small style="color:var(--color-destructive--visited,#996666)"><span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〈</span>宋書升 法偉堂<span style="color:transparent;font-size:0px">〉</span></small> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="馬宗槤"><span id=".E9.A6.AC.E5.AE.97.E6.A7.A4"></span>馬宗槤</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:馬宗槤"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>馬宗槤,字器之,桐城人。由舉人官東流縣教諭。嘉慶六年成進士,又一年卒。少從舅氏姚鼐學詩、古文詞,所作多沉博絶麗,既而精通古訓及地理之學。鄕舉時,以解論語過位、升堂合於古制,大興朱珪亟拔之。後從邵晉涵、任大椿、王念孫遊,其學益進。嘗以解經必先通訓詁,而載籍極博,未有匯成一編者,乃偕同志孫星衍、阮元、朱錫庚分韻編録,適南旋中輟。其後元視學江、浙,萃諸名宿爲經籍篡詁,其凡例猶宗槤所手訂也。生平敦實,寡嗜好,惟以著述爲樂。嘗撰左氏補註三巻,博徴漢、魏諸儒之説,不苟同立異。所著別有毛鄭詩詁訓考證、周禮鄭注疎證、穀梁傳疎證、説文字義廣證、戰國策地理考、南海鬱林合浦蒼梧四郡沿革考、嶺南詩鈔,共數十巻,校經堂詩鈔二巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宗槤子_瑞辰"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.A7.A4.E5.AD.90_.E7.91.9E.E8.BE.B0"></span>宗槤子 瑞辰</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:宗槤子 瑞辰"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>子瑞辰,字元伯。嘉慶十五年進士,選翰林院庶吉士。散館,改工部營繕司主事。擢郎中,因事罣誤,發盛京效力。旋賞主事,奏留工部,補員外郎。复坐事發往黑龍江,未幾釋歸。歴主江西白鹿洞、山東嶧山、安徽廬陽書院講席。發逆陷桐城,衆驚走,賊脅之降,瑞辰大言曰:「吾前翰林院庶吉士、工部都水司員外郎馬瑞辰也!吾命二子團練鄕兵,今仲子死,少子從軍,吾豈降賊者耶?」賊執其發爇其背而擁之行。行數里,罵愈厲,遂死,年七十九。事聞,卹廕如例,敕建專祠。 </p><p>瑞辰勤學著書,耄而不倦。嘗謂:「詩自齊、魯、韓三家既亡,説詩者以毛詩爲最古。據鄭志答張逸云:'注詩宗毛爲主,毛義隱略,則更表明。'是鄭君大旨,本以述毛,其牋詩改讀,非盡易傳。而正義或誤以爲毛、鄭異義。鄭君先從張恭祖受韓,凡牋訓異毛者,多本韓説。其答張逸亦云:'如有不同,即下己意。'而正義又或誤合傳、牋爲一。毛詩用古文,其經字多假借,類皆本於雙聲、疊韻,而正義或有未達。」於是乃撰毛詩傳牋通釋三十二巻,以三家辨其異同,以全經明其義例,以古音、古義證其譌互,以雙聲、疊韻別其通借。篤守家法,義據通深。同時長洲陳奐著毛詩傳疎,亦爲專門之學。由是治毛詩者多推此兩家之書。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="子瑞辰子_三俊"><span id=".E5.AD.90.E7.91.9E.E8.BE.B0.E5.AD.90_.E4.B8.89.E4.BF.8A"></span>子瑞辰子 三俊</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:子瑞辰子 三俊"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>子三俊,字命之。優貢生。舉孝廉方正,學宗程、朱。以國難家仇,憤欲殺賊。咸豐四年六月,率練勇追賊至周瑜城,力戰死,年三十五。著有馬徴君遺集。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="張惠言"><span id=".E5.BC.B5.E6.83.A0.E8.A8.80"></span>張惠言</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节:張惠言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>張惠言,字皋聞,武進人。少受易經,即通大義。年十四爲童子師,修學立行,敦禮自守,人皆稱敬。嘉慶四年進士,時大學士朱珪爲吏部尚書,以惠言學行特奏改庶吉士,充實録館纂修官。六年,散館,改部屬,珪复特奏授翰林院編修。七年,卒,年四十有二。 </p><p>惠言鄕、會兩試皆出朱珪門,未嘗以所能自異,默然隨群弟子進退而已。珪潛察得之,則大喜,故屢進達之,而惠言亦龂龂相諍不敢隱。珪言天子當以寬大得民,惠言言:「國家承平百年餘,至仁涵育,遠出漢、唐、宋之上,吏民習於寬大,故姦孽萌芽其間,宜大伸罰以肅内外之政。」珪言天子當優有過大臣,惠言言:「庸猥之輩,幸致通顯,复壞朝廷法度,惜全之當何所用?」珪喜進淹雅之士,惠言言「當進内治官府、外治疆埸者」,與同縣洪亮吉於廣坐諍之。 </p><p>惠言少爲詞賦,擬司馬相如、揚雄之文。及壯,又學韓愈、歐陽修。篆書初學李陽冰,後學漢碑額及石鼓文。嘗奉命詣盛京篆列聖加尊號玉寶,惠言言於當事,謂舊藏寶不得磨治;又謂翰林奉命篆列聖寶,宜奏請馳驛,以格於例不果行。 </p><p>生平精思絶人,嘗從歙金榜問故,其學要歸六經,而尤深易、禮。著有周易虞氏義、虞氏消息,序曰:「自漢成帝時,劉向校書,考易説,以爲諸易家皆祖田何、楊叔、丁將軍,大義略同,惟京氏爲異。而孟喜受易家陰陽,其説易本於氣,而後以人事明之。八卦六十四象,四正七十二候,變通消息,諸儒祖述之,莫能具。當漢之季年,扶風馬融作易傳,授鄭康成作易注。而荊州牧劉表、會稽太守王朗、潁川荀爽、南陽宋忠皆以易名家,各有所述。唯翻傳孟氏學,既作易注,奏上之獻帝。翻之言易,以陰陽消息六爻,發揮旁通,升降上下,歸於乾元用九而天下治。依物取類,貫穿比附,始若瑣碎,及其沉深解剝,離根散葉,暢茂條理,遂於大道,後儒罕能通之。自魏王弼以虚空之言解易,唐立之學官,而漢世諸儒之説微,獨資州李鼎祚作周易集解,頗採古易家言,而翻注爲多。其後古書盡亡,而宋道士陳摶以意造爲龍圖,其徒劉牧以爲易之河圖、洛書也,河南邵雍又爲先天、後天之圖,宋之説易者翕然宗之,以至於今,牢不可拔,而易陰陽之大義,蓋盡晦矣。大淸有天下,元和徴士惠棟,始考古義孟、京、荀、鄭、虞氏,作易漢學,又自爲解釋,曰周易述。然掇拾於亡廢之後,左右採獲,十無二三。其所述大氐宗祢虞氏,而未能盡通,則旁徴他説以合之。蓋從唐、五代、宋、元、明朽壞散亂千有餘年,區區修補收拾,欲一旦而其道復明,斯固難也。翻之學既邃,又具見馬、鄭、荀、宋氏書,考其是否,故其義爲精。又古書亡,而漢、魏師説可見者十餘家,然唯鄭、荀、虞三家略有梗概可指説,而虞尤較備。然則求七十子之微言,田何、楊叔、丁將軍之所傳者,舍虞氏之注,其何所自焉?故求其條貫,明其統例,釋其疑滯,信其亡闕,爲虞氏義九巻;又表其大旨,爲消息二巻。」又著有虞氏易禮二巻,虞氏易候一巻,虞氏易言二巻。 </p><p>初,惠棟作周易述,大旨遵虞翻,補以鄭、荀諸儒,學者以未能專一少之。儀徴阮元謂漢人之易,孟、費諸家,各有師承,勢不能合。惠言傳虞氏易,即傳漢孟氏易矣,孤經絶學也。惠言又著周易鄭氏義三巻,周易荀氏九家義一巻,周易鄭荀義三巻,易義別録十四巻,易緯略義三巻,易圖條辨二巻。其易義別録序,謂不盡見其辭而欲論其是非,猶以偏言決獄也。故其所著,皆羽儀虞氏易者。於禮有儀禮詞一巻,讀儀禮記二巻,皆特精審。又有茗柯文五巻,詞一巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="惠言子_成孫"><span id=".E6.83.A0.E8.A8.80.E5.AD.90_.E6.88.90.E5.AD.AB"></span>惠言子 成孫</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节:惠言子 成孫"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>子成孫,字彦惟。少時,惠言課以説文,令分六書譜之,成像形二巻。惠言著説文諧聲譜,未竟而卒,成孫後從莊述祖遊,得其大要,乃續成之。巻第篇例多所增易,凡五十巻。其書分中、僮、薨、林、岩、筐、榮、蓁、詵、千、萋、肄、揖、支、皮、絲、鳩、芼、蔞、岨二十部,此乃於毛詩中拈其最先出之字爲建首,加以易韻、屈韻,而又以説文之聲分從之,犁然不紊,有各家所未及者。嘗以示儀徴阮元,元歎其超卓精細。成孫兼精天學,同里董祐誠歿,爲校刊其遺書。又著有端虚勉一居文集。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_江承之"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.B1.9F.E6.89.BF.E4.B9.8B"></span>附 江承之</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节:附 江承之"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>江承之,字安甫,歙縣人。學於惠言。時弟子從惠言受易、禮者十數,其甥董士錫受易,通陰陽五行家言;承之兼受易、禮,著有周易爻義、虞氏易變表、儀禮名物、鄭氏詩譜,年僅十有八。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_郝懿行"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E9.83.9D.E6.87.BF.E8.A1.8C"></span>附 郝懿行</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节:附 郝懿行"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>郝懿行,字恂九,棲霞人。嘉慶四年進士,授戸部主事。二十五年,補江南司主事。道光三年,卒,年六十九。 </p><p>懿行爲人謙退,訥若不出口,然自守廉介,不輕與人晉接。遇非素知者,相對竟日無一語,迨談論經義,則喋喋忘倦。所居四壁蕭然,庭院蓬蒿常滿,僮僕不備,懿行處之晏如。浮沉郎署,視官之榮悴,若無與於己者,而一肆力於著述,漏下四鼓者四十年。所著有爾雅義疎十九巻,春秋説略十二巻,春秋比一巻,山海經牋疎十八巻,易説十二巻,書説二巻。 </p><p>懿行嘗曰:「邵晉涵爾雅正義蒐輯較廣,然聲音訓詁之原,尚多壅閡,故鮮發明。今餘作義疎,於字借聲轉處,詞繁不殺,殆欲明其所以然。」又曰:「餘田居多載,遇草木蟲魚有弗知者,必詢其名,詳察其形,考之古書,以徴其然否。今茲疎中其異於舊説者,皆經目驗,非憑胸肊,此餘書所以別乎邵氏也。」懿行之於爾雅,用力最久,藁凡數易,垂歿而後成。於古訓同異,名物疑似,必詳加辨論,疎通證明,故所造較晉涵爲深。髙郵王念孫爲之點閲,寄儀徴阮元刊行。元總裁會試時,從經義中識拔懿行者也。 </p><p>其牋疎山海經,援引各籍,正名辨物,事刊疎謬,辭取雅馴。阮元謂呉氏廣注徴引雖博,失之蕪雜;畢沅校本,訂正文字尚多疎略;惟懿行精而不鑿,博而不濫。 </p><p>懿行妻王照圓,字瑞玉。博渉經史,當時著書家,有「髙郵王父子,棲霞郝夫婦」之目。著有詩説一巻,列女傳補註八巻,附女録一巻,女校一巻。又與懿行以詩答問,懿行録之爲詩問七巻,其爾雅義疎亦間取照圓説;他著有詩經拾遺一巻,汲冢周書輯要一巻,竹書紀年校正十四巻,荀子補註一巻,晉宋書故一巻,補晉書刑法志一巻,食貨志一巻,文集十二巻。照圓又有列仙傳校正二巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="陳壽祺"><span id=".E9.99.B3.E5.A3.BD.E7.A5.BA"></span>陳壽祺</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节:陳壽祺"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">陳壽祺</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">恭甫</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">閩縣</span></span>人。少能文。年十八,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">臺灣</span></span>平,撰<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">上福康安百韻詩并序</span>,沉博絶麗,傳誦一時。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">嘉慶</span></span>四年成進士,選翰林院庶吉士,散館授編修。尋告歸,性至孝,不忍言仕,家貧無食,父命之入都。九年,充<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">廣東</span></span>鄕試副考官。十二年,充<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">河南</span></span>鄕試副考官。十四年,充會試同考官,京察一等,記名御史。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">壽祺</span></span>以不得迎養二親,常愀然不樂。將告歸矣,俄聞父歿,慟幾絶,奔歸。服除,乞養母,母歿,終喪。年五十三,有密薦於朝者,卒不出。 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">壽祺</span></span>會試出<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">朱珪</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">阮元</span></span>門,乃專爲漢儒之學,又及見<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">錢大昕</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">段玉裁</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">王念孫</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">程瑤田</span></span>諸人,故學益精博。解經得<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">兩漢</span></span>大義,毎舉一義,輒有折衷。 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">兩漢</span></span>經師莫先於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">伏生</span></span>,莫備於<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">許氏</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鄭氏</span></span>,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">壽祺</span></span>闡明遺書,著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">尚書大傳牋</span>三巻、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">序録</span>一巻、<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">訂誤</span>一巻,附<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">漢書五行志</span>,綴以他書所引<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">劉氏</span></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">五行傳論</span>三巻。序曰:「<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">伏生</span></span>大傳,條撰大義,因經屬恉,其文辭爾雅深厚,最近<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;padding-right: 2px;">大</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">小戴記</span>七十子之徒所説,非漢諸儒傳訓之所能及也。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">康成</span></span>百世儒宗,獨注<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">大傳</span>,其釋<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">三禮</span>,毎援引之。及注古文<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">尚書</span>,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">洪範五事</span>,康誥孟侯,文王伐崇、愬耆之歳,周公克殷、踐奄之年,咸據<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">大傳</span>以明事,豈非閎識博通信舊聞者哉?且夫<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">伏生</span></span>之學,尤善於禮,其言巡狩、朝覲、郊屍、迎日、廟祭、族燕、門塾、學校、養老、擇射、貢士、考績、郊遂、採地、房堂、路寢之制,後夫人入禦,太子迎問諸侯之法,三正之統,五服之色,七始之素,八伯之樂,皆<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">唐</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">虞</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">三代</span></span>遺文,往往六經所不備,諸子百家所不詳。今其書散逸,十無四五,尤可寶重。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">宋</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">朱子</span></span>與<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">勉齋</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">黃氏</span></span>纂<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">儀禮經傳通解</span>,攟摭<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">大傳</span>獨詳,蓋有裨禮學不虚也。五行傳者,自<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">夏侯</span></span>始昌,至<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">劉氏</span></span>父子傳之,皆善推<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>福著天人之應。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">漢</span></span>儒治經,莫不明像數陰陽,以窮極性命。故<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">易</span>有孟、京卦氣之候,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">詩</span>有翼奉五際之要,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">春秋</span>有公羊災異之條,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">書</span>有<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">夏侯</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">劉氏</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">許商</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">李尋</span></span>洪範之論。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">班固</span></span>本<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">大傳</span>,攬<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">仲舒</span></span>,別<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">向</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">歆</span></span>,以傳<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">春秋</span>,告往知來,王事之表,不可廢也。是以録<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;padding-right: 2px;">漢書</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">五行志</span>附於後,以備一家之學云。」 </p><p>又著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">五經異義疎證</span>三巻,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">左海經辨</span>二巻,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">左海文集</span>十巻,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">左海駢體文</span>二巻,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">絳趺堂詩集</span>六巻,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">東越儒林文苑後傳</span>二巻,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">東觀存藁</span>一巻。 </p><p><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">壽祺</span></span>歸後,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">阮元</span></span>延課詁經精舍生徒。元纂群經古義爲經郛,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">壽祺</span></span>爲撰條例,明所以原本訓辭、會通典禮、存家法而析異同之意。後主<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">泉州</span></span><span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">淸源書院</span></span>十年,主<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">鼇峰書院</span></span>十一年,與諸生言修身勵學,教以經術,作義利辨、知恥説、科舉論以示學者。規約整肅,士初苦之,久乃悅服。家居與諸當事書,於桑梓利弊,蒿目痗心,雖觸忌諱無所隱。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">明</span></span>儒<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">黃道周</span></span>孤忠絶學,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">壽祺</span></span>搜輯遺文,爲之刊行。又具呈大吏,乞疎請從祀<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">孔廟</span></span>,議上,如所請。道光十四年,卒,年六十四。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="壽祺子_喬樅"><span id=".E5.A3.BD.E7.A5.BA.E5.AD.90_.E5.96.AC.E6.A8.85"></span>壽祺子 喬樅</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节:壽祺子 喬樅"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>子<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">喬樅</span></span>,字<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">樸園</span></span>。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">道光</span></span>五年舉人,二十四年,以大挑知縣分發<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">江西</span></span>。歴官<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">分宜</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">弋陽</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">德化</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">南城</span></span>諸縣,署<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">袁州</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">臨江</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">撫州</span></span>知府。以經術飾吏治,居官有聲。<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">同治</span></span>七年,卒於官,年六十一。初,<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">壽祺</span></span>以鄭注禮記多改讀,又嘗鉤考<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">齊</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">魯</span></span>、<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">韓</span></span>三家詩佚文、佚義與毛氏異同者,輯而未就。病革,謂<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">喬樅</span></span>曰:「爾好漢學,治經知師法,他日能成吾志,九原無憾矣!」<span style="border-bottom: 1px solid; margin: 0 1px;"><span style="margin: 0 -1px;">喬樅</span></span>乃<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>繹舊聞,勒爲定本,成<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">禮記鄭讀考</span>六巻,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">三家詩遺説考</span>十五巻。又著<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">齊詩翼氏學疎證</span>二巻,<span style="text-decoration: underline;-moz-text-decoration-style: wavy;text-decoration-style: wavy;">詩緯集證</span>四巻。謂齊詩之學,宗旨有三:曰四始,曰五際,曰六情。皆以明天地陰陽終始之理,考人事盛衰得失之原,言王道治亂安危之故。齊先亡,最爲寡證,獨翼奉存其百一,且其説多出詩緯,察躔象,推歴數,徴休咎,蓋齊學所本也。詩緯亡而齊詩遂爲絶學矣。又著今文尚書經説考三十四巻,歐陽夏侯經説考一巻。謂:「二十九篇今文具存,十六篇既無今文可考,遂莫能盡通其義。凡古文易、書、詩、禮、論語、孝經所以傳,悉由今文爲之先驅,今文所無輒廢。向微伏生,則萬古長夜矣。歐陽、大小夏侯各守師法,苟能得其單辭片義,以尋千百年不傳之緒,則今文之維持聖經於不墜者,豈淺尟哉!」又有詩經四家異文考五巻,毛詩鄭牋改字説四巻,禮堂經説二巻,最後爲尚書説。時宿學漸蕪,考據家爲世訾謷,獨湘鄕曾國籓見其書以爲可傳。自元和惠氏、髙郵王氏外,惟喬樅能修世業,張大其家法。 </p><p>壽祺同里治古學者,有謝震、何治運。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_謝震"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E8.AC.9D.E9.9C.87"></span>附 謝震</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节:附 謝震"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>震,原名在震,字甸男,侯官人。乾隆五十四年舉人,官順昌學教諭。震嘗與閩縣林一桂、甌寧萬世美倶精三禮,震尤篤學嗜古。然龂龂持漢學,好排撃宋儒鑿空逃虚之説。壽祺與震同舉鄕試,少震六歳,視爲畏友。震重氣誼,有志用世,而不遇於時,年四十卒。弟子輯其遺著,有禮案二巻,精覈勝敖氏。又有四書小牋一巻,四聖年譜一巻。工詩,有櫻桃軒詩集二巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_何治運"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E4.BD.95.E6.B2.BB.E9.81.8B"></span>附 何治運</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节:附 何治運"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>治運,字支阝海,閩縣人。嘉慶十二年舉人。洽聞彊識,篤志漢學。粵督阮元嘗聘纂廣東通志。後遊浙中,巡撫陳若霖爲鋟其經解及論辨文字四巻,名何氏學。道光元年,卒,年四十七。治運與壽祺友,及卒,壽祺以謂無與爲質,不獲以輔成其學也。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_孫經世"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.AD.AB.E7.B6.93.E4.B8.96"></span>附 孫經世</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节:附 孫經世"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>孫經世,字濟侯,惠安人。壽祺弟子。壽祺課士不一格,遊其門者,若仙遊王捷南之詩、禮、春秋、諸史,晉江杜彦士之小學,惠安陳金城之漢易,將樂梁文之性理,建安丁汝恭、德化賴其煐、建陽張際亮之詩、古文辭,皆足名家。而經世學成蚤世,世以儒林推之。經世少喜讀近思録,後沉研經義,謂不通經學,無以爲理學;不明訓詁,無以通經;不知聲音文字之原,無以明訓詁。著説文會通十六巻,爾雅音疎六巻,釋文辨證十四巻,韻學溯源四巻,十三經正讀定本八十巻,經傳釋辭續編八巻。又著春秋例辨八巻,孝經説二巻,夏小正説一巻,詩韻訂二巻,惕齋經説六巻,讀經校語四巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_柯蘅"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.9F.AF.E8.98.85"></span>附 柯蘅</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节:附 柯蘅"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>柯蘅,膠州人。從壽祺受許、鄭之學,嘗以史、漢諸表爲紀、傳之綱領,而譌誤舛奪,最爲難治,乃條而理之,著漢書七表校補二十巻。爲例十:一曰辨事誤,二曰辨文字誤,三曰辨注誤,四曰辨諸家考證之誤,五曰以本書證本書之誤,六曰史、漢互證而知其誤,七曰漢書、荀紀互證而知其誤,八曰漢書、水經註互證而知其誤,九曰據紀、傳以補表之闕,十曰據今地以證表之誤。鉤稽隱賾,凡前人之説,皆取而辨其是非,至前人未及者,又得二三十事,亦專門之學也。尤長於詩,著有聲詩闡微二巻,舊雨草堂詩集四巻,其説經、説史之作,門人集爲舊雨草堂札記。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="許宗彦"><span id=".E8.A8.B1.E5.AE.97.E5.BD.A6"></span>許宗彦</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节:許宗彦"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>許宗彦,字積卿,德淸人。九歳能讀經、史。善屬文,侍郎王昶愛其才,作積卿字説以贈。嘉慶四年進士,授兵部主事,就官兩月,以親老遽引疾歸。親歿,卒不出。居杭州,杜門以讀書爲事。其學無所不通,探賾索隱,識力卓然,發千年儒者所未發。考週五廟二祧,以爲周制五廟之外,別有二祧,爲遷廟之殺,以厚親親之仁。宗廟之外,別立祖宗,與禘、郊同爲重祭,以大尊尊之義。諸經無文、武二廟不毀之説,誤始於韋玄成,而劉歆因之,鄭康成亦因之。祧者遷廟,乃謂爲不遷之廟,名實乖矣。又考文、武二世室,以爲周文、武皆配於明堂太室,故有「文、武世室」之號。孔穎達誤謂伯禽稱「文世室」,周公稱「武世室」。以公羊傳周公稱「太廟」、魯公稱「世室」、群公稱「宮」證之,舛甚。 </p><p>又考禹貢三江,以爲漢志言「分江水首受江,東至餘姚入海」。夫曰「分江水」,曰「首受江」,則非南江之正流可知;曰「東至餘姚入海」,則非在呉入海可知,與禹貢三江無與。又考太歳、太陰,以爲太歳者,歳星與日同次鬥杓所建之辰也。太陰始寅終醜,太歳始子終亥。漢律志曰:「太初元年,歳前十一月朔旦冬至,歳在星紀婺女六度,歳名困敦。」此太歳始子之碻證。武帝詔曰:「年名焉逢、攝提格。」此太陰始寅之碻證。漢書天文志始誤以甘、石之言太陰者係之太歳,而與太初之太歳遂差兩辰,乃以爲星有贏縮,非矣。 </p><p>又説六書轉注,以爲從偏旁轉相注。説文曰:「轉注者,建類一首,同意相受,考老是也。」後序曰「其建首也,立一爲耑」,即建類一首之謂也。如示爲部首,從示之偏旁注爲神祇等字,從神祇注爲祠祀祭祝等字,展轉相注,皆同意爲一類。戴震指爾雅詁訓爲轉注,而不知詁訓出於後來,非製字時所豫有也。段玉裁引戴説,又言爾雅字多假借,而不知假借者本無其字,今如初、哉、首、基之訓,非本無首字,而假初、哉諸字以當之也。其他所著學説,能持漢、宋儒者之平。禮論、治論諸篇,皆稽古證今,通達政體。 </p><p>尤精天文,得泰西推歩秘法,自製渾金球,別具神解。嘗援緯書四遊以疎本天髙卑,而知不同心非渾圓之理。考周髀北極璿璣,以推古人測驗之法。七政皆統於天,而知東漢以前用赤道不用黃道,爲得諸行之本。論日左右旋一理,以王錫闡解黃道右旋、赤道平行,戴震分黃、極爲二行,其説頗不分明,爲剖析之,洞徹微妙,皆言天家所未及。 </p><p>性孝友,愼於交遊,體羸而神理澂淡,見者皆肅然敬之。儀徴阮元,會試舉主也,重其學術行誼,以子女爲★I2家。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="呂飛鵬"><span id=".E5.91.82.E9.A3.9B.E9.B5.AC"></span>呂飛鵬</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节:呂飛鵬"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>呂飛鵬,字云裡,旌德人。從寧國凌廷堪治禮,廷堪器之,以爲能傳其學。山陽汪廷珍視學安徽,喜士通古經義,補飛鵬縣學附生。 </p><p>飛鵬少讀周禮,長而癖嗜,廷堪嘗著周官九拜九祭解、鄕射五物考,援據禮經,疎通證明,足發前人所未發。飛鵬師其意而變通之,成周禮補註六巻。其大旨以鄭氏爲宗,自序曰:「漢、魏之治周禮者,如賈逵、張衡、孫炎、薛綜、陳劭、崔靈恩之注,遺文軼事,散見群籍。或與鄭義符合,或與鄭義乖違,同者可得其會通,異者可博其旨趣。是用廣蒐衆説,補所未備,條系於經文之下,或旁採他經舊注,或兼取近儒經説,要於申明古義而已。」又著周禮古今文義證六巻,嘗考康成本治小戴禮,後以古經校之,取其於義長且順者爲鄭氏學。又注小戴所傳禮記四十九篇,又嘗作毛詩牋:「今取鄭氏之學證鄭氏之注,則辭易了然,即彼此互歧、前後錯出,亦不煩辭費而得失已明,故於三者刺取爲多。至許氏説文解字,徴引周禮,彼此互異,取以推廣鄭義,不嫌牴牾。其他史冊流傳,事系本朝,禮遵週典,亦備採擇,用俟辯章。猶是鄭氏況以漢法之意也。」 </p><p>平居書齋閣自銘誡,粹然出於儒先道學。鄕飢,籌粟倡賑,人多德之。有爭辯,一言立釋。嘗戒其子賢基曰:「成名易,成人難。」又曰:「言官不易爲,毋陳利而昧大體,毋挾私而務髙名。」其本行如此。賢基卒以忠節著。道光二十九年,卒,年七十三。子賢基,工部右侍郎,諡文節,自有傳。 </p><p>有淸爲周禮之學者,有惠士奇、沈彤、莊存與、沈夢蘭、段玉裁、徐養原、宋世犖。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_沈夢蘭"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.B2.88.E5.A4.A2.E8.98.AD"></span>附 沈夢蘭</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节:附 沈夢蘭"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>夢蘭,字古春,烏程人。乾隆四十八年舉人,官湖北宜都縣知縣。夢蘭博通諸經,實事求是,尤邃於周官,成周禮學一書。分溝洫、畿封、邦國、都鄙、城郭、宮室、職官、祿田、貢賦、軍旅、車乘、禮射、律度量衡十三門,取司馬法、逸周書、管子、呂覽、伏傳、戴記諸古書參互考證,合之書、詩、禮記、三傳、孟子,先儒所病其牴牾者,無不得其會通。爲圖若干,並取經、傳文之與周官相發明者釋於篇。他著有易、書、詩、孟子學,五省溝洫圖説。其易學自序云:「自輯周禮學,於易象得井、比、師、訟、同人、大有若干卦,錯綜參伍,知易之爲道,先王一切之治法於是乎在。」而孟子學,則又以疎證周官之故,匯其餘説以成帙者。其溝洫圖説,巻不盈寸,凡南北形勢、河道原委、歴代沿革、衆説異同,與夫溝遂經畛之體,廣深尋尺之數,以及蓄水、止水、盪水、均水、舍水、瀉水之事皆備。复證之周官,考究詳覈。官湖北時,奉檄襄築荊州堤工,上江堤埽工議及荊江論。沔陽水災,复奉檄會勘,作水利説以諭沔民。原本經術,有裨實用,皆此類也。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_宋世犖"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.AE.8B.E4.B8.96.E7.8A.96"></span>附 宋世犖</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节:附 宋世犖"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>世犖,字卣勳,臨海人。乾隆五十三年舉人,以教習官陝西扶風知縣。地當川、藏孔道,夫馬悉斂之民。計畝率錢,名曰「公局」。世犖多所裁革,無妄取。時教匪初定,州縣多以獲盜遷擢。扶風民有持齋爲怨家所訐者,大府飛檄至,捕而鞫之,皆良民,釋弗顧。罷歸,揅求經訓,熟於諧聲、假借之例,著周禮故書疎證六巻,儀禮古今文疎證二巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="嚴可均"><span id=".E5.9A.B4.E5.8F.AF.E5.9D.87"></span>嚴可均</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节:嚴可均"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>嚴可均,字景文,烏程人。嘉慶五年舉人,官建德縣教諭,引疾歸。可均博聞強識,精考據之學,與姚文田同治説文,爲説文長編,亦謂之類考。有天文、算術、地理類,草木、鳥獸、蟲魚類,聲類,説文引群書、群書引説文類,積四十五冊。又輯鐘鼎拓本爲説文翼十五篇,將校定説文,撰爲疎義。孫星衍促其成,乃撮舉大略。就毛氏汲古閣初印本別爲校議三十篇,專正徐鉉之失。 </p><p>又與丁溶同治唐石經,著校文十巻,自序云:「餘弱冠治經,稍見宋槧本。既又念若漢、若魏、若唐、若孟蜀、若宋嘉祐、紹興各立石經,今僅嘉祐四石,紹興八十七石,皆殘本。而唐大和石壁二百二十八石,巋然獨存,此天地間經本之最完最舊者也。夫唐代四部之富,埒於梁、隋,而鄭覃、唐元度輩皆通儒,頗見古本。苟能栞正積非,歸於眞是,即方駕熹平不難,而僅止於是。今也古本皆亡,欲復舊觀,已難爲力,可嘅也!然而後唐彫版,實依石經句度鈔寫,歴宋、元、明轉刻轉誤,而石本倖存,縱不足與復古,以匡今繆有餘也。獨怪數百年來,學士大夫鮮或過問者,間有一二好古之士,亦與塚碣、寺碑同類而並道之。康熙初,顧炎武始略校焉,觀其所作九經誤字、金石文字記,刺取寥寥,是非寡當,又誤信王堯惠之補字以誣石經。顧氏且然,況其他乎?烏乎!石經者,古本之終,今本之祖。治經不及見古本,而並荒石經,匪直荒之,又交口誣之,豈經之幸哉?餘不自揆,欲爲今版本正其誤,爲唐石經釋其非,爲顧氏等袪其惑。隨讀隨校,凡石經之磨改者、旁增者與今本互異者皆録出,輒據注疎、釋文,旁稽史、傳及漢、唐人所徴引者,爲之左證,而石台孝經附其後焉。」 </p><p>嘉慶十三年,詔開全唐文館,可均以越在草茅,無能爲役,慨然曰:「唐之文,盛矣哉!唐以前要當有總集。斯事體大,是餘之責也。」乃輯上古三代秦漢三國六朝文,使與全唐文相接,多至三千餘家,人各係以小傳,足以考證史文,皆從蒐羅殘賸得之,覆檢群書,一字一句,稍有異同,無不校訂。一手寫定,不假效力。唐以前文,咸萃於此焉。又校輯諸經逸注及佚子書等數十種,合經、史、子、集爲四録堂類集千二百餘巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_嚴元照"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.9A.B4.E5.85.83.E7.85.A7"></span>附 嚴元照</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节:附 嚴元照"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>嚴元照,字九能,歸安人。十歳能爲四體書,補諸生。儀徴阮元、大興朱珪深賞之。熟於爾雅,作匡名八巻,旁羅異文軼訓,鉤稽而疎證之。著有悔葊文鈔、詩鈔、詞鈔,娯親雅言等書。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="焦循"><span id=".E7.84.A6.E5.BE.AA"></span>焦循</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节:焦循"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>焦循,字裡堂,甘泉人。嘉慶六年舉人,曾祖源、祖<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>、父蔥,世傳易學。循少穎異,八歳在阮賡堯家與賓客辨壁上「馮夷」字,曰:「此當如楚辭讀皮冰切,不當讀如縫。」阮奇之,妻以女。既壯,雅尚經術,與阮元齊名。元督學山東、浙江,倶招循往遊。性至孝,丁父及嫡母謝艱,哀毀如禮。一應禮部試,後以生母殷病癒而神未健,不復北行。殷歿,循毀如初。服除,遂託足疾不入城市者十餘年。葺其老屋,曰半九書塾,复構一樓,曰雕菰樓,有湖光山色之勝,讀書著述其中。嘗歎曰:「家雖貧,幸蔬菜不乏。天之疾我,福我也。吾老於此矣!」嘉慶二十五年,卒,年五十八。 </p><p>循博聞強記,識力精卓。毎遇一書,無論隱奧平衍,必究其源,以故經史、暦算、聲音、訓詁無所不精。幼好易,父問小畜「密雲」二語何以復見於小過,循反復其故不可得。既學洞淵九容之術,乃以數之比例,求易之比例,漸能理解,著易通釋二十巻。自謂所悟得者,一曰哦曰旁通,二曰相錯,三曰時行。又以古之精通易理,深得羲、文、週、孔之恉者,莫如孟子。生孟子後,能深知其學者,莫如趙氏。偽疎踳駮,未能發明,著孟子正義三十巻。謂爲孟子作疎,其難有十,然近代通儒,已得八九。因博採諸家之説,而下以己意,合孔、孟相傳之正恉,又著六經補疎二十巻。以説漢易者毎屛王弼,然弼解箕子用趙賓説,讀彭爲旁,借雍爲甕,通孚爲浮,解斯爲廝,蓋以六書通借。其解經之法,未遠於馬、鄭諸儒,爲周易王註補疎二巻。以尚書偽孔傳説之善者,如金縢「我之不闢」,訓闢爲法,居東即東征,罪人即管、蔡,大誥周公不自稱王,而稱成王之命,皆非馬、鄭所能及,爲尚書孔氏傳補疎二巻。以詩毛、鄭義有異同,正義往往雜鄭於毛,比毛於鄭,爲毛詩鄭氏牋補疎五巻。以左氏傳「稱君君無道,稱臣臣之罪」,杜預揚其詞而暢衍之,預爲司馬懿女壻,目見成濟之事,將以爲司馬飾,即用以爲己飾。萬斯大、惠士奇、顧棟髙等未能摘姦而發覆,爲春秋傳杜氏集解補疎五巻。以禮以時爲大,訓詁名物,亦所宜究,爲禮記鄭氏注補疎三巻。以論語一書,發明羲、文、周公之恉,參伍錯綜,引申觸類,亦與易例同,爲論語何氏集解補疎三巻。合之爲二十巻。又録當世通儒説尚書者四十一家,書五十七部,仿衞湜禮記之例,以時之先後爲序,得四十巻,曰書義叢鈔。又著禹貢鄭註釋一巻,毛詩地理釋四巻,毛詩鳥獸草木蟲魚釋十一巻,陸璣疎考證一巻,群經宮室圖二巻,論語通釋一巻。又著有雕菰樓文集二十四巻,詞三巻,詩話一巻。 </p><p>循壯年即名重海内,錢大昕、王鳴盛、程瑤田等皆推敬之。始入都,謁座主英和,和曰:「吾知子之字曰裡堂,江南老名士,屈久矣!」歿後,阮元作傳,稱其學「精深博大,名曰通儒」,世謂不愧雲。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="循子_廷琥"><span id=".E5.BE.AA.E5.AD.90_.E5.BB.B7.E7.90.A5"></span>循子 廷琥</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节:循子 廷琥"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>子廷琥,字虎玉。優廩生。性醇篤,善承家學,阮元稱爲端士。循嘗與廷琥纂孟子長編三十巻,後撰正義,其廷琥有所見,亦本范氏穀梁之例,爲之録存。循又以測圓海鏡、益古演段二書,不詳開方之法,以常法推之不合。既得秦道古數學九章,有正圓開方法,爲開方通釋,乃謂廷琥曰:「汝可列益古演段六十四問,用正員開方法推之。」廷琥布策下算,一一符合,著益古演段開方補一巻。陽湖孫星衍不信西人地圓之説,以楊光先之斥地圓,比孟子之距楊、墨。廷琥謂古之言天者三家,曰宣夜,曰周髀,曰渾天。宣夜無師承,渾蓋之説,皆謂地圓。泰州陳氏、宣城梅氏悉以東西測景有時差,南北測星有地差,與圓形合爲説。且大戴有曾子之言,内經有岐伯之言,宋有邵子、程子之言,其説非西人所自創。因博搜古籍,著地圓説二巻。他著有密梅花館詩文鈔。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_顧鳳毛"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E9.A1.A7.E9.B3.B3.E6.AF.9B"></span>附 顧鳳毛</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节:附 顧鳳毛"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>顧鳳毛,字超宗,江蘇興化人。乾隆四十九年,南巡召試列二等,五十三年,副榜貢生。父九苞,字文子,長於詩、禮。九苞母任氏,大椿祖姑,通經達史。九苞之學,母所教也。乾隆四十六年進士,歸時卒於路,著述不傳。鳳毛亦受經於祖母,年十一,通五經。及長,與焦循同學,循就鳳毛問難,始用力於經。鳳毛又學音韻律呂於嘉定錢塘,撰楚辭韻考、入聲韻考、毛詩韻考,皆得塘旨。又撰毛詩集解,董子求雨考,三代田制考,未成而卒,年二十七。卒後,循理其喪,作招亡友賦哭之。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_-{鍾}-懷"><span id=".E9.99.84_-.7B.E9.8D.BE.7D-.E6.87.B7"></span>附 鍾懷</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节:附 鍾懷"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>鍾懷、李鍾泗皆有名,均甘泉人。鍾懷,字保岐。優貢生。與阮元、焦循相善。共爲經學,旦夕討論,務求其是。居恆禮法自守,不與世爭名,交遊中稱爲君子。嘉慶十年,卒,年四十五。著有 M2厓考古録四巻。其漢儒考,較陸德明所載增多十餘人。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_李-{鍾}-泗"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.9D.8E-.7B.E9.8D.BE.7D-.E6.B3.97"></span>附 李鍾泗</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节:附 李鍾泗"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>鍾泗,字濱石。嘉慶六年舉人,治經精左氏春秋,撰規規過一書,抑劉伸杜,焦循服其精博。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="李富孫"><span id=".E6.9D.8E.E5.AF.8C.E5.AD.AB"></span>李富孫</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节:李富孫"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>李富孫,字既汸,嘉興人。嘉慶六年拔貢生。良年來孫,良年自有傳。從祖集。字敬堂,乾隆二十八年進士,官鄖縣知縣。精研經學,以漢、唐爲宗,嘗爲學規論以課窮經、課經濟,著有原學齋文鈔。 </p><p>富孫學有原本,與伯兄超孫、從弟遇孫有「後三李」之目。長游四方,就正於盧文弨、錢大昕、王昶、孫星衍,飫聞緒論。阮元撫浙,肄業詁經精舍,遂湛深經術,尤好讀易,著易解賸義。謂易學三派,有漢儒之學,鄭、虞、荀、陸諸家精矣;有晉、唐之學,王弼、孔穎達諸家,即北宋胡瑗、石介、東坡、伊川猶是支流餘裔;至宋陳、邵之學出,本道學之術,創爲圖説,舉羲、文、週、孔之所未及,漢以後諸儒之所未言者,以自神其附會之説。理其理而非易之所謂理,數其數而非易之所謂數,而前聖之易道晦矣。唐李鼎祚所輯易解,精微廣大,聖賢遺旨,略見於此。然其於三十六家之説,尚多未採,其遺文賸義,間見他書,猶可蒐輯。爰綴而録之,成書三巻,又成校異二巻。 </p><p>又著七經異文釋,就經、史、傳、注、諸子百氏所引,以及漢、唐、宋石經,宋、元槧本,校其異同。或字有古今,或音近通假,或沿襲乖舛,悉據古誼而疎證之;而前儒之論説,並爲蒐輯,使正其譌謬,辨其得失,折衷以求一是。凡易六巻,尚書八巻,毛詩十六巻,春秋三傳十二巻,禮記八巻。同里馮登府稱其詳核奧博,爲詁異義者集其大成。又謂説文一書,保氏六書之旨,賴以僅存。自篆變爲隸,隸變爲眞,文字日繁,譌偽錯出。或有形聲意義大相區別,亦有近似而其實異,後人多混而同之。或有一篆之形,從某爲古、籀,爲或體,後人竟析而二之。經典文字,往往昧於音訓,擅爲改易,甚與本義相迕,亦字學之大變。夫假借通用,説文自有本字,有得通借者,有不容通借而並爲俗誤者。援據經典以相證契,俾世之踵謬沿譌焯然可辨,爲説文辨字正俗八巻。同里錢泰吉謂其書大旨折衷段注,而亦有段所未及者,讀説文之津梁也。 </p><p>他著有漢魏六朝墓銘纂例四巻,鶴徴録八巻、後録十二巻,曝書亭詞註七巻,梅里志十六巻,校經庼文藁十八巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="富孫伯兄_超孫"><span id=".E5.AF.8C.E5.AD.AB.E4.BC.AF.E5.85.84_.E8.B6.85.E5.AD.AB"></span>富孫伯兄 超孫</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节:富孫伯兄 超孫"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>超孫,字引樹。嘉慶六年舉人,官會稽縣教諭。剖析經義,尤深於詩。嘗以毛詩草木蟲魚則有疎,名物則有解,地理則有考,而詩中所稱之人則未有纂輯成書者,因取詩人之氏族名字,博考經、史、諸子及近儒所著述,並列國之世次,洎其人之行事,搜羅薈集,爲詩氏族考六巻。官會稽時,課諸生依寧化雷钅宏學規條約,士習日上。又著拙守齋集。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="富孫從弟_遇孫"><span id=".E5.AF.8C.E5.AD.AB.E5.BE.9E.E5.BC.9F_.E9.81.87.E5.AD.AB"></span>富孫從弟 遇孫</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节:富孫從弟 遇孫"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>遇孫,字金瀾,集孫。優貢生,處州府訓導。幼傳祖訓,淹貫經史,著有尚書隸古定釋文八巻。漢孔安國以科鬥文難知,取伏生今文次第之,爲隸古定,宋薛宣因之成古文訓。遇孫又以隸古文難知,引説文諸書疎通之,譌者是正,疑者則闕。性嗜金石,有芝省齋碑録八巻,金石學録四巻。官處州時,以處州地僻山遠,阮元兩浙金石志未免脱漏,乃搜輯數百餘種爲括蒼金石志八巻。他著有日知録補正一巻、校正一巻,古文苑拾遺十巻,天香録八巻,隨筆六巻,詩文集十八巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="胡承珙"><span id=".E8.83.A1.E6.89.BF.E7.8F.99"></span>胡承珙</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节:胡承珙"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>胡承珙,字墨莊,涇縣人。嘉慶十年進士,選翰林院庶吉士,散館授編修。十五年,充廣東鄕試副考官,尋遷御史,轉給事中。自以身居言路,當周知天下利弊,陳之於上,方不負職。數年中陳奏甚多,多見施行。而其最切中時病者,則有條陳虧空弊端各條:「一曰冒濫宜禁。司庫支發錢糧,向有扣除二三成之弊,故籓司書吏將不應藉支之款,冒支濫借。此在領者便於急需,不敢望其足數;而在放者利於多扣,不復問其合宜:則雖應放而仍與浮冒無異。一曰抑勒宜禁。州、縣交代,例限綦嚴,均不准充抵。近日仍多以議單欠票虚開實抵者,總由上司多方抑勒,逼令新任擔承。一曰糜費宜省。各省攤捐津貼名目,豈盡必不可省。聞州縣所解各上司衙門飯食季規等銀,逐歳增加。如邸報一事,安徽省毎年通派各屬萬金。一省如此,他省可知;一事如此,他事可知。一曰升調宜愼。部選人員,多系初任,或尚能不敢輕易接受。惟佐雜題升,及調補繁缺二者,毎多久歴仕途,習成狡滑。在題升者急於得缺,明知此地之多累,不復顧後而瞻前;在調補者遷就一時,轉因原任之有虧,希圖挪彼以掩此。究之擔承彌補,皆屬空名,不過剜肉補瘡,甚且變本加厲。」其言深切著明。二十四年,授福建分巡延建邵道,編査保甲,設立緝捕章程八條,匪徒斂跡。調署台灣兵備道,緝獲洋盜張充等置於法。旋乞假回籍。台灣素稱難治,承珙力行淸莊弭盜之法,民、番安肅、自承珙去後,彰化、淡水即以械鬥起釁矣。道光十二年,卒,年五十七。 </p><p>承珙究心經學,尤專意於毛詩傳,歸里後鍵戸著書,與長洲陳奐往復討論不絶,著毛詩後牋三十巻。其書主於申述毛義,自註疎而外,於唐、宋、元諸儒之説,及近人爲詩學者,無不廣徴博引,而於名物訓詁及毛與三家詩文有異同,類皆剖析精微,折衷至當。而其最精者,能於毛傳本文前後會出指歸,又能於西漢以前古書中反覆尋考,貫通詩義,證明毛旨。凡三四易<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>,手自寫定。至魯頌泮水章而疾作,遺言囑陳奐校補,奐乃爲續成之。又以鄭君注儀禮參用古、今文二本,撮其大例,有必用其正字者,有即用其借字者,有務以存古者,有兼以通今者,有因彼以決此者,有互見而並存者。閎意妙旨,有關於經實夥。遂取注中疊出之字,並「讀如」、「讀爲」、「當爲」各條,排比梳櫛,考其訓詁,明其假借,參稽旁採,疎通而證明之,作儀禮古今文疎義十七巻。又謂惠氏棟九經古義未及爾雅,遂補撰數十條,成二巻。小爾雅原本不傳,今存孔叢子中,世多謂爲偽書,作小爾雅義證十三巻,斷以爲眞。复著有求是堂詩文集三十四巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_胡秉虔"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E8.83.A1.E7.A7.89.E8.99.94"></span>附 胡秉虔</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节:附 胡秉虔"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>胡秉虔,字伯敬,績溪人。嘉慶四年進士,官刑部主事,改甘肅靈臺縣知縣,升丹噶爾同知,卒於官。秉虔自幼嗜學,博通經史。嘗入都肄業成均,夜讀必盡燭二條。尤精於聲音訓話,著古韻論三巻,辨江、戴、段、孔諸家之説,細入毫芒,塙不可易。説文管見三巻,發明古音古義,多獨得之見。末論二徐書,有灼見語,蓋其所致力也。他著有周易、尚書、論語小識各八巻,卦本圖考一巻,尚書序録一巻,漢西京博士考二巻。甘州明季成仁録四巻,河州景忠録三巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_朱珔"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.9C.B1.E7.8F.94"></span>附 朱珔</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节:附 朱珔"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>朱珔,字蘭坡,涇縣人。珔生三年而孤,祖命爲季父後,嗣母汪未婚守志,珔孝事之與生母同,昆弟均相友愛。嘉慶七年成進士,選翰林院庶吉士,與幸翰林院栢梁體聯句宴。散館授編修,擢至侍讀。與修明鑑,坐承纂官累,降編修。道光元年,直上書房,屢蒙嘉獎,有「品學兼優」之褒。升右春坊右贊善,告養歸。植品敦俗,獎誘後進。歴主鍾山、正誼、紫陽書院,卒,年八十有二。 </p><p>珔愛書如命,學有本原。主講席幾三十年,教士以通經學古爲先。與桐城姚鼐、陽湖李兆洛並負儒林宿望,蓋鼎足而三雲。著有説文假借義證二十八巻,經文廣異十二巻,文選集釋二十四巻,小萬巻齋詩文集七十巻。輯有國朝古文匯鈔二百七十二巻,又有詁經文鈔六十二巻,匯有淸諸名家説經之文,依次標題,篇幅完善,尤足爲後學津逮雲。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="凌曙"><span id=".E5.87.8C.E6.9B.99"></span>凌曙</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节:凌曙"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>凌曙,字曉樓,江都人。國子監生。曙好學根性,家貧,讀四子書未畢,即去鄕,雜作傭保,而績學不倦。年二十爲童子師,問所當治業於涇包世臣,世臣曰:「治經必守家法,專法一家,以立其基,則諸家漸通。」乃示以武進張惠言所輯四子書漢説數十事。曙乃稽典禮、考古訓,爲四書典故覈六巻,歙洪梧甚稱之。既,治鄭氏學,得要領;又從呉沈欽韓問疑義,益貫穿精審。後聞武進劉逢祿論何氏公羊春秋而好之。及入都,爲儀徴阮元校輯經郛,盡見魏、晉以來諸家春秋説。深念春秋之義,存於公羊,而公羊之學,傳自董子。董子春秋繁露,識禮義之宗,達經權之用。行仁爲本,正名爲先。測陰陽五行之變,明制禮作樂之原。體大思精,推見至隱,可謂善發微言大義者。然旨奧詞賾,未易得其會通,淺嘗之夫,橫生訾議,經心聖符,不絶如線。乃博稽旁討,承意儀志,梳其章,櫛其句,爲註十七巻。又病宋、元以來學者空言無補,惟實事求是,庶幾近之,而事之切實無過於禮,著公羊禮疎十一巻,公羊禮説一巻,公羊問答二巻。家居讀禮,以喪服爲人倫大經,後儒舛議,是非頗謬,作禮論百篇,引申鄭義。阮元延曙入粵課諸子,曙書與元商榷,乃刪合三十九篇爲一巻。道光九年,卒,年五十五。 </p><p>曙有甥儀徴劉文淇,貧而穎悟,愛而課之,遂知名,其學實自曙出云。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_薛傳均"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E8.96.9B.E5.82.B3.E5.9D.87"></span>附 薛傳均</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节:附 薛傳均"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>薛傳均,字子韻,甘泉人。諸生。博覽群籍,強記精識。就福建學政陳用光聘,用光見所著書,恨相見晩。旋以疾卒於汀州試院,年四十一。傳均於十三經註疎功力最深,大端尤在小學,於許君原書,鉤稽貫串,洞其義而熟其辭,嘉定錢大昕文集内有説文答問一巻,深明通轉假借之義,傳均博引經史以證之,成説文答問疎證六巻。又以文選中多古字,條舉件系,疎通證明,爲文選古字通十二巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="劉逢祿"><span id=".E5.8A.89.E9.80.A2.E7.A5.BF"></span>劉逢祿</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节:劉逢祿"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>劉逢祿,字申受,武進人。祖綸,大學士,諡文定,自有傳。外王父莊存與、舅莊述祖,並以經術名世,逢祿盡傳其學。嘉慶十九年進士,選翰林院庶吉士,散館改禮部主事。二十五年,仁宗大事,逢祿蒐集大禮,創爲長編,自始事至奉安山陵,典章具備。道光三年,通政司參議盧浙請以尚書湯斌從祀文廟,議者以斌康熙中在上書房獲譴,乾隆中嘗奉駮難之。逢祿攬筆書曰:「後夔典樂,猶有朱、均;呂望陳書,難匡管、蔡。」尚書汪廷珍善而用之,遂奉兪旨。四年,補儀制司主事。越南貢使陳請爲其國王母乞人葠,得旨賞給。而諭中有「外夷貢道」之語,其使臣欲請改爲「外籓」,部中以詔書難更易。逢祿草牒復之曰:「周官職方王畿之外分九服。夷服去王國七千里,籓服九千里,是籓遠而夷近。説文羌、狄、蠻、貊字皆從物旁,惟夷從大、從弓。考東方大人之國夷,俗仁,仁者壽,有東方不死之國,故孔子欲居之。乾隆間奉上諭申飭四庫館不得改書籍中'夷'字作'彝',舜東夷之人,文王西夷之人,我朝六合一家,盡去漢、唐以來拘忌嫌疑之陋,使者無得以此爲疑。」越南使者遂無辭而退。逢祿在禮部十二年,恆以經義決疑事,爲衆所欽服類如此。 </p><p>其爲學務通大義,不專章句。由董生春秋闚六藝家法,由六藝求觀聖人之志。嘗謂:「世之言經者,於先漢則古詩毛氏,後漢則今易虞氏,文詞稍爲完具。然毛公詳古訓而略微言,虞翻精像變而罕大義,求其知類通達、微顯闡幽者,則公羊在先漢有董生、後漢有何劭公氏、子夏喪服傳有鄭康成氏而已。先漢之學,務乎大體,故董生所傳非章句訓詁之學也。後漢條理精密,要以何劭公、鄭康成氏爲宗,然喪服於五禮特其一端。春秋文成數万,其旨數千,天道浹,人事備,以之貫群經,無往不得其原;以之斷史,可以決天下之疑;以之持身治世,則先王之道可復也。」於是尋其餘貫,正其統紀,爲公羊春秋何氏釋例三十篇,又析其疑滯,強其守衞,爲牋一巻,答難二巻。又推原穀梁氏、左氏之得失,爲申何難鄭四巻。又博徴諸史刑、禮之不中者爲儀禮決獄四巻。又推其意爲論語述何、夏時經傳牋、中庸崇禮論、漢紀述例各一巻。別有緯略二巻,春秋賞罰格一巻。愍時學者説春秋皆襲宋儒「直書其事、不煩褒貶」之辭,獨孔廣森爲公羊通義能抉其蔽,然尚不能信三科、九旨爲微言大義所在,乃著春秋論上、下篇以張聖權。又成左氏春秋考證二巻,知者謂與閻、惠之辯古文尚書等。 </p><p>逢祿於易主虞氏,於書匡馬、鄭、於詩初尚毛學,後好三家。有易虞氏變動表、六爻發揮旁通表、卦象陰陽大義、虞氏易言補各一巻。又爲易象賦、卦氣頌,提其指要。尚書今古文集解三十巻,書序述聞一巻,詩聲衍二十七巻。所爲詩、賦、連珠、論、序、碑、記之文約五十篇。道光九年,卒,年五十有六。弟子潘準、莊繽樹、趙振祈皆從學公羊及禮有名。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_宋翔鳳"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.AE.8B.E7.BF.94.E9.B3.B3"></span>附 宋翔鳳</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节:附 宋翔鳳"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>宋翔鳳,字於庭,長洲人。嘉慶五年舉人,官湖南新寧縣知縣,亦莊述祖之甥。述祖有「劉甥可師、宋甥可友」之語,劉謂逢祿,宋謂翔鳳也。翔鳳通訓詁名物,志在西漢家法,微言大義,得莊氏之眞傳。著論語説義十巻,序曰:「論語説曰,子夏六十四人共撰仲尼微言,以當素王。微言者,性與天道之言也。此二十篇,尋其條理,求其恉趣,而太平之治、素王之業備焉。自漢以來,諸家之説,時合時離,不能畫一。嘗綜覈古今,有纂言之作。其文繁多,因別録私説,題爲説義。」又有論語鄭註十巻,大學古義説二巻,孟子趙注補正六巻,孟子劉熙註一巻,四書釋地辨證二巻,卦氣解一巻,尚書説一巻,尚書譜一巻,爾雅釋服一巻,小爾雅訓纂六巻,五經要義一巻,五經通義一巻,過庭録十六巻。咸豐九年,重賦鹿鳴。逾年,卒,年八十二。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_戴望"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.88.B4.E6.9C.9B"></span>附 戴望</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节:附 戴望"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>戴望,字子髙,德淸人。諸生。始好詞章,繼讀博野顏元書,爲顏氏學。最後謁長洲陳奐,通聲音訓詁。復從翔鳳授公羊春秋,遂通公羊之學。著論語註二十巻,用公羊家法演逢祿論語述何之微言。他著有管子校註二十四巻,顏氏學記十巻,謫麟堂遺集四巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="雷學淇"><span id=".E9.9B.B7.E5.AD.B8.E6.B7.87"></span>雷學淇</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=36" title="编辑章节:雷學淇"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>雷學淇,字瞻叔,順天通州人。父鐏,字宗彝,乾隆二十七年舉人,選江西崇仁縣知縣。道光初元,詔天下臣民嚴冠服之辨,鐏著古今服緯以申古義,抑奢侈。至九年書成,年九十矣。 </p><p>學淇,嘉慶十九年進士,任山西和順縣知縣,改貴州永從縣知縣。生平好討論之學,毎得一解,必求其會通,務於諸經之文無所牴牾。以父鐏著古今服緯,爲之註釋,附以釋問一篇、異同表二篇。又以夏小正一書備三統之義,究心參考二十餘年。以堯典中星、諸經歴數,採虞史伯夷之説,據周公垂統之文,檢校異同,訂其譌誤,網羅放失,尋厥指歸,著夏小正經傳考二巻。又考定經、傳之文,爲之疎證,成夏小正本義四巻。 </p><p>毎慨竹書紀年自五代以來頗多殘闕,爰博考李唐以前諸書所稱引者,積以九年之蒐輯,頗復舊觀。嘗謂:「孟子先至梁後至齊,此經之明文,即無他左驗,亦當從之爲説。況竹書紀年曰'梁惠成王后元十五年齊威王薨','十七年惠成王卒',然則惠王后元十六年齊宣王始即位,孟子至梁,當即在後元十六年王卒之前一歳也。史記誤謂惠王立三十六年即卒,故云三十五年孟子至梁,而以惠王改元之後十六年爲襄王之世。今據竹書稱梁惠會諸侯於徐州,改元稱王,故孟子呼之曰王。史謂孟子至梁之二年惠王卒,襄王立,以本經考之,其言可信。但卒於改元後之十七年,非三十六年也。襄王既立,孟子見其不似人君,乃東至齊,據竹書即齊宣即位之二年也。梁至齊千數百里,故曰:'千里而見王'。若孟子先見齊宣王,由鄒之齊六百餘裡,不得云千里矣。齊人取燕,孟子明謂宣王時事,史記於齊失載悼子、侯剡二代,將威、宣之立,皆移前二十二年。於齊人伐燕事,不知折衷孟子,而年表謂在湣王十年,司馬温公終求其説而不得,乃將宣之即位下移十年,以遷就孟子。自後説者疑信各半,實皆未有定論。今據紀年,則伐燕在宣王七年,實週赧王之元年。凡孟子書所記古人年歳,以史記、漢書之説推之皆不合者,以紀年推之無不合。」且以竹書長歴推驗列宿之歳差,歴代之日蝕,自唐、虞以來,無有差貸。嘗自云:「傳、牋、注、疎取捨多殊,非敢訾議前賢,期於事理之合云爾。」他著有校輯世本二巻,古今天象考十二巻,附圖説二巻,亦囂囂齋經義考及文集三十二巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_王萱齡"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E7.8E.8B.E8.90.B1.E9.BD.A1"></span>附 王萱齡</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=37" title="编辑章节:附 王萱齡"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>王萱齡,字北堂,昌平人。道光元年副貢,旋舉孝廉方正,官新安、柏鄕兩縣教諭。嗜漢學,精訓詁,受業於髙郵王引之,經義述聞中時引其説。著有周秦名字解詁補一巻,即補引之所闕疑者。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_崔述"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.B4.94.E8.BF.B0"></span>附 崔述</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=38" title="编辑章节:附 崔述"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>崔述,字武承,大名人。乾隆二十七年舉人,選福建羅源縣知縣。武弁多藉海盜邀功,誣商船爲盜,述平反之。未幾,投效歸。著書三十餘種,而考信録一書,尤生平心力所專注。凡考古提要二巻,上古考信録二巻,唐虞考信録四巻,夏商考信録四巻,豐鎬考信録八巻,豐鎬別録三巻,洙泗考信録四巻,洙泗餘録三巻,孟子事實録二巻,考古續説二巻,附録二巻。又有王政三大典考三巻,讀風偶識四巻,尚書辨偽二巻,論語餘説一巻,讀經餘論二巻,名考古異録。 </p><p>其著書大旨,謂不以傳注雜於經,不以諸子百家雜於傳注。以經爲主,傳注之合於經者著之,不合者辨之,異説不經之言,則闢其謬而削之。如謂易傳僅溯至伏羲,春秋傳僅溯至黃帝,不應後人所知反多於古人。凡緯書所言十紀,史所云天皇、地皇、人皇,皆妄也。謂戰國楊、墨橫議,常非堯、舜,薄湯、武,以快其私。毀堯則託諸許由,毀禹則託諸子髙,毀孔子則託諸老聃,毀武王則託諸伯夷。太史公尊黃、老,故好採異端雜説,學者但當信論、孟,不當信史記。謂夏、商、週未有號爲某公者,公亶父相連成文,猶所謂公劉也。 「古公亶父」,猶言「昔公亶父」也。謂匡爲宋邑,似畏匡、過宋本一事,「匡人其如予何」、「桓魋其如予何」,似一時一事之言,記者小異耳。其説皆爲有見。 </p><p>述之爲學,考據詳明如漢儒,而未嘗墨守舊説而不求其心之安;辨析精微如宋儒,而未嘗空談虚理而不核乎事之實。然勇於自信,任意軒輊者亦多。他著有易卦圖説一巻,五服異同彙考三巻,大名水道考一巻,聞見雜記四巻,知味録二巻,知非集三巻,無聞集五巻,小草集五巻。嘉慶二十一年,卒。年七十七。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="胡培翬"><span id=".E8.83.A1.E5.9F.B9.E7.BF.AC"></span>胡培翬</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=39" title="编辑章节:胡培翬"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>胡培翬,字載平,績溪人。祖匡衷,字樸蘇,歳貢生。於經義多所發明,不苟與先儒同異。著有三禮劄記、周禮井田圖考、井田出賦考、儀禮釋官等書。其於井田多申鄭義,而授田一事,以遂人所言是鄕遂制,大司徒所言是都鄙制,鄭注自相違戾。作畿内授田考實一篇,積算特精密。其釋官則以周禮、禮記、左傳、國語與儀禮相參證,論據精確,足補注疎所未及。又著有周易傳義疑參十二巻,左傳翼服、論語古本證異、論語補牋、莊子集評、離騷集注、樸齋文集。年七十四,卒。 </p><p>培翬,嘉慶二十四年進士,官内閣中書、戸部廣東司主事。居官勤而處事密,時人稱其治官如治經,一字不肯放過。絶不受財賄,而抉隱指弊,胥吏咸憚之。假照案發,司員失察者數十人,惟培翬及蔡紹江無所汚,然猶以隨同畫諾鐫級歸里。後主講鍾山、雲間,於涇川一再至,並引翼後進爲己任。去涇川日,門人設飲餞者相望於道。篤友誼,郝懿行、胡承珙遺書,皆賴培翬次第付梓。道光二十九年,卒,年六十八。 </p><p>績溪胡氏,自明諸生東峰以來,世傳經學。培翬涵濡先澤,又學於歙凌廷堪,邃精三禮。初著燕寢考三巻,王引之見而喜之。既爲儀禮正義,上推周公、孔子、子夏垂教之旨,發明鄭君、賈氏得失,旁逮鴻儒、經生之所議。張皇幽渺,闡揚聖緒,二千餘歳絶學也。其旨見與順德羅惇衍書曰:「培翬撰正義,約有四例:一曰疎經以補注,二曰通疎以申注,三曰匯各家之説以附註,四曰採他説以訂注,書凡四十巻,至賈氏公彦之疎,或解經而違經旨,或申注而失注意,不可無辨。別爲儀禮賈疎訂疑一書。宮室制度,今以朝制、廟制、寢制爲綱,以天子、諸侯、大夫、士爲目。學制則分別庠、序館制則分別公、私,皆先將宮室考定,而以十七篇所行之禮,條系於後,名宮室提綱。陸氏經典釋文於儀禮頗略,擬取各經音義及集釋文以後各家音切,挨次補録,名曰儀禮釋文校補。」培翬覃精是書凡四十餘年,晩歳患風痺,猶力疾從事。尚有士昏禮、鄕飲酒禮、鄕射禮、燕禮、大射儀五篇未卒業而歿。門人江寧楊大堉從學禮,爲補成之。他著有禘祫問答,研六室文鈔。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="培翬門人_楊大堉"><span id=".E5.9F.B9.E7.BF.AC.E9.96.80.E4.BA.BA_.E6.A5.8A.E5.A4.A7.E5.A0.89"></span>培翬門人 楊大堉</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=40" title="编辑章节:培翬門人 楊大堉"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>大堉,字雅輪。諸生。篤學寡交,研窮經訓。初從元和顧廣圻、呉縣鈕樹玉遊,備聞蒼、雅閫奧。著説文重文考六巻,純以聲音求叚借,以偏旁繁省求古、籀異同之變。又作五廟考,專駮王肅之失。江督陶澍以防海議試諸生,大堉洋洋千言,大略謂:「中國官恃客氣,居上臨下,視洋人若小負販。顧彼雖好利,而越數万里海洋至此,此必非無所挾持者。鹵莽行之,必生邊隙。」時承平久,人習附和之談,獨大堉卓識正論,侃然無忌諱。若豫卜有義律、璞鼎査之事,讀者色變。他著論語正義、毛詩補注、三禮義疎辨正,皆佚。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="劉文淇"><span id=".E5.8A.89.E6.96.87.E6.B7.87"></span>劉文淇</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=41" title="编辑章节:劉文淇"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>劉文淇,字孟瞻,儀徴人,嘉慶二十四年優貢生。父錫瑜,以醫名世。文淇稍長,即研精古籍,貫串群經。於毛、鄭、賈、孔之書及宋、元以來通經解誼,博覽冥搜,折衷一是。尤肆力春秋左氏傳,嘗謂左氏之義,爲杜注剝蝕巳久,其稍可觀覽者,皆係襲取舊説。爰輯左傳舊注疎證一書,先取賈、服、鄭三君之注,疎通證明。凡杜氏所排撃者糾正之,所剿襲者表明之。其沿用韋氏國語注者,亦一一疎記。他如五經異義所載左氏説,皆本左氏先師;説文所引左傳,亦是古文家説;漢書五行志所載劉子駿説。實左氏一家之學;經疎、史注、御覽等書所引左傳注不載姓名而與杜注異者,皆賈、服舊説。凡若此者,皆稱爲舊注,而加以疎證。其顧、惠補注及近人專釋左氏之書,説有可採,咸與登列。末始下以己意,定其從違。上稽先秦諸子,下考唐以前史書,旁及雜家筆記、文集,皆取爲證佐。期於實事求是,俾左氏之大義炳然著明。草創四十年,長編已具,然後依次排比成書,爲左氏舊注疎證。又謂:「左傳義疎多襲劉光伯述議,隋經籍誌及孝經疎,雲述議者,述其義,疎議之。然則光伯本載舊疎,議其得失,其引舊疎,必當録其姓名。孔穎達左傳疎序祗雲據以爲本,初非故襲其説。至永徽中諸臣詳定,乃將舊注姓氏削去,襲爲己語。」因細加剖析,成左傳舊疎考正八巻。 </p><p>又據史記秦楚之際月表,知項羽曾都江都。核其時勢,推見割據之述,成楚漢諸侯疆域志三巻。據左傳、呉越春秋、水經註等書,謂唐、宋以前揚州地勢南髙北下,且東西兩岸未設堤防,與今運河形勢迥不相同,成揚州水道記四巻。又讀書隨筆二十巻,文集十巻,詩一巻。 </p><p>文淇事親純孝,父年篤老,目眚,侍起居,朝夕扶掖,寒夜足凍,侍親以温其足。舅氏凌曙極貧,遺孤毓瑞,文淇收育之。延同里方申爲其師,並補諸生。申通虞氏易,皆其教也。卒,年六十有六。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文淇子毓-{崧}-"><span id=".E6.96.87.E6.B7.87.E5.AD.90.E6.AF.93-.7B.E5.B4.A7.7D-"></span>文淇子毓崧</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=42" title="编辑章节:文淇子毓崧"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>子毓崧,字伯山。道光二十年舉優貢生。從父受經,長益致力於學。以文淇故,治左氏纘述先業,成春秋左氏傳大義二巻。以文淇考證左傳舊疎,因承其義例,著周易、尚書、毛詩、禮記舊疎考正各一巻。又謂六藝未興之先,學各有官,惟史官之立爲最古。不獨史家各體各類並支裔之小説家出於史官,即經、子、集三部及後世之幕客書吏,淵源所仿,亦出於史官。班氏之志藝文,論述史官,尚未發斯旨。其敘九流,以明諸子所出之官,必有所授,而其中仍有分省失當者。既析九流中小説家流歸入史官,又辨道家非專出於史官,改爲出於醫官。又增益者凡三家:曰名家,出於司士之官;兵家,出於司馬之官;藝術家,出於考工之官:統爲十一家。博稽載籍,窮極根要,成史乘、諸子通義各四巻。又經傳通義十巻,王船山年譜二巻,彭城獻徴録十巻,舊德録一巻,通義堂筆記十六巻,文集十六巻,詩集一巻。卒,年五十。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_孫壽曾"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.AD.AB.E5.A3.BD.E6.9B.BE"></span>附 孫壽曾</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=43" title="编辑章节:附 孫壽曾"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>孫壽曾,字恭甫。同治三年、光緒二年兩中副榜。毓崧主金陵書局,爲曾國籓所重。毓崧卒後,招壽曾入局中,所刊群籍,多爲校定。初,文淇治左氏春秋長編,晩年編輯成疎,甫得一巻,而文淇沒。毓崧思卒其業,未果。壽曾乃發憤以繼志述事爲任,嚴立課程,至襄公四年而卒,年四十五。又讀左劄記,春秋五十凡例表,皆治左疎時旁推交通發明古誼者。他著昏禮別論對駮義,南史校義集評,傳雅堂集,芝雲雜記,各若干巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_方申"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.96.B9.E7.94.B3"></span>附 方申</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=44" title="编辑章节:附 方申"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>方申,字端齋。少孤,受學於文淇,通易,著諸家易象別録、虞氏易像匯編、周易卦象集證、周易互體詳述、周易卦變舉要。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="丁晏"><span id=".E4.B8.81.E6.99.8F"></span>丁晏</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=45" title="编辑章节:丁晏"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>丁晏,字柘堂,江蘇山陽人。阮元爲漕督,以漢易十五家發策,晏條對萬餘言,精奧爲當世冠。道光元年舉人。晏以顧炎武云梅賾偽古文雅密非賾所能爲,考之家語後序及釋文、正義,而斷爲王肅偽作。蓋肅雅才博學,好作偽以難鄭君。鄭君之學昌明於漢,肅爲古文孔傳以駕其上,後儒誤信之。近世惠棟、王鳴盛頗疑肅作而未能暢其旨,特著論申辨之,撰尚書餘論二巻。又以胡渭禹貢錐指能知偽古文,而不能信好古學,踵謬沿譌,自逞臆見。後之學者,何所取正?既爲正誤以匡其失,复採獲古文,甄録舊説,砭俗訂譌,斷以己意。期於發揮經文,無取泥古。引用前人説,各系姓氏於下,輯禹貢集釋三巻。 </p><p>生平篤好鄭學,於詩牋、禮注研討尤深。以毛公之學,得聖賢之正傳,其所稱道,與週、秦諸子相出入。康成申暢毛義,修敬作牋。孔疎不能尋繹,誤謂破字改毛。援引疎漏,多失鄭旨。因博稽互考,證之故書雅記,義若合符,撰毛鄭詩釋四巻。康成詩譜,宋歐陽氏補亡,今通志堂刊本譌脱踳駮。爰據正義排比重編,撰鄭氏詩譜考正一巻。以康成兼採三家詩,王應麟有三家詩考,附刊玉海之後,舛謬錯出,世無善本。乃蒐採原書,校讎是正,撰詩考補註二巻,補遺一巻。 </p><p>鄭氏注禮至精,去古未遠,不爲憑虚臆説。迄今可考見者,如儀禮喪服注,多依馬融師説。士虞記中月而禫,註二十七月,依戴禮喪服變除。周禮大司樂鼓《兆鼓》,注依許叔重説,與先鄭不同。小胥縣鐘磬,註二八十六枚在一虡,依劉向五經要義。小宗伯註五精帝,依劉向五經通義。射人注稱今儒家,依賈侍中註。考工記山以章,注作麞,依馬季長注。禮記檀弓瓦不成味,注當作沫,依班固白虎通。王制大綏小綏,注當作緌,依劉子政説苑。玉藻元端朝日,鄭讀爲冕,依大戴禮朝事義。祭法幽宗雩祭,鄭讀爲禜,依許氏説文。鄭君信而好古,原本先儒,確有依據。凡此釋義,補孔之遺闕,皆前人未發之秘。疎通證明,<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>若爟火。撰三禮釋注共八巻,又輯鄭康成年譜,署其堂曰「六藝」,取康成六藝論,以深仰止之思。然晏治經學不掊撃宋儒,嘗謂漢學、宋學之分,門戸之見也。漢儒正其詁,詁正而義以顯;宋儒析其理,理明而詁以精:二者不可偏廢。其於易,述程子之傳,撰周易述傳二巻;於孝經,集唐玄宗、宋司馬光、范祖禹之注,撰孝經述註一巻。 </p><p>尤熟於通鑑,故經世優裕。嘗與人論鈔弊,謂輕錢行鈔,必有利而無害。論禁洋菸,謂不禁則民日以弱,中國必疲,禁則利在所爭,外夷必畔。且禁煙當以民命爲重,不當計利。立法當以中國爲先,不當擾夷。後悉如其言。在籍時辦堤工,司賑務,修府城,浚市河,開通文渠中支,均有功於鄕里。 </p><p>咸豐三年,粵匪蔓延大江南、北,督撫檄行府縣,練勇積穀爲守禦計。淮安以晏主其事,旋以事爲人所劾,奉旨遣戌黑龍江,繳費免行。十年,捻匪擾淮安北關,晏號召團練,分佈要隘,城以獲全。十一年,以團練大臣晏端書薦,敘前守城績,由侍讀銜内閣中書加三品銜。 </p><p>晏少多疾病,迨長讀書養氣,日益強固。治一書畢,方治他書,手校書籍極多,必徹終始。光緒元年,卒,年八十有二。所著書四十七種,凡一百三十六巻,其已刊者爲頤志齋叢書。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="王筠"><span id=".E7.8E.8B.E7.AD.A0"></span>王筠</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=46" title="编辑章节:王筠"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>王筠,字貫山,安丘人。道光元年舉人,後官山西鄕寧縣知縣。鄕寧在萬山中,民樸事簡,訟至立判。暇則抱一編不去手。權徐溝,再權曲沃,地號繁劇,二縣皆治,然亦未嘗廢學。 </p><p>筠少喜篆籀,及長,博渉經史,尤長於説文。説文之學,世推桂、段兩家,嘗謂:「桂氏專臚古籍,取足達許説而止,不下己意。惟是引據失於限斷,且泛及藻繢之詞。段氏體大思精,所謂通例,又前人所未知。惟是武斷支離,時或不免。」又謂:「文字之奧,無過形、音、義三端。古人之造字也,正名百物,以義爲本,而音從之,於是乎有形。後人之識字也,由形以求其音,由音以考其義,而文字之説備。六書以指事、象形爲首,而文字之樞機即在乎此。其字之爲事,而作者即據事以審字,勿由字以生事。其字之爲物,而作者即據物以察字,勿泥字以造物。且勿假他事以成此事之意,勿假他物以爲此物之形,而後可與蒼頡、籀、斯相質於一堂也。今説文之詞,足從口,木從屮,鳥、鹿足相似從匕,苟非後人所竄亂,則許君之意荒矣。」乃標舉分別,疎通證明,著説文釋例二十巻。釋例云者,即許書而釋其條例,猶杜元凱之於春秋也。又以二徐書多渉草略,加以李燾亂其次第,致分別部居之脈絡不可推尋。段玉裁既創爲通例,而體裁所拘,未能詳備。乃採桂、段諸家之説,著説文句讀三十巻。句讀云者,用張爾岐儀禮鄭注句讀之名,謂漢人經説率名章句,此書疎解許説,無章可言,故曰句讀也。 </p><p>筠治説文之學垂三十年,其書獨闢門徑,折衷一是,不依傍於人。論者以爲許氏之功臣,桂、段之勁敵。又有説文系傳校録三十巻,文字蒙求四巻。他著有毛詩重言一巻,附毛詩雙聲疊韻説一巻,夏小正正義四巻,弟子職正音一巻,正字略二巻,蛾術編、禹貢正字、讀儀禮鄭注句讀刊誤、四書説略。咸豐四年,卒,年七十一 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="曾釗"><span id=".E6.9B.BE.E9.87.97"></span>曾釗</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=47" title="编辑章节:曾釗"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>曾釗,字敏修,南海人。道光五年拔貢生,官合浦縣教諭,調欽州學正。釗篤學好古,讀一書必校勘譌字脱文。遇秘本或僱人影寫,或懷餅就鈔,積七八年,得數万巻。自是研求經義,文字則考之説文、玉篇,訓詁則稽之方言、爾雅,雖奧晦難通,而因文得義,因義得音,類能以經解經,確有依據。入都時,見武進劉逢祿,逢祿曰:「篤學若冕士,吾道東矣!」冕士。釗號也。 </p><p>儀徴阮元督粵,震澤任兆麟見釗所校字林,以告元,元驚異,延請課子。後開學海堂,以古學造士,特命釗爲學長,獎勸後進。嘗因元説日月爲易爲合朔之辨在朔易,更發明孟喜卦氣,引繫辭懸象莫大乎日月,死魄會於壬癸,日上月下,象未濟爲晦時。元以爲足發古義,宜再暢言之,以明孟氏之學,因著周易虞氏義牋七巻。他著有周禮注疎小牋四巻,又詩説二巻,又詩毛鄭異同辨一巻,毛詩經文定本小序一巻、考異一巻、音讀一巻,虞書命羲和章解一巻,論語述解一巻,讀書雜誌五巻,面城樓集十巻。 </p><p>釗好講經濟之學,二十一年,英人焚掠海疆,以祁<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>還督兩粵,番禺舉人陸殿邦獻議,塡大石、獵德、瀝<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>河道以阻火船。 <dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>舉以問釗,釗言:「易稱設險者,不恃天塹,不藉地利,在人相時設之而已。入省河道三,獵德、瀝<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>皆淺,由大石至大黃<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn> ,水深數丈。三四月夷船從此入,當先事防之,以固省城。城固,然後由内達外。」<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>甚韙之,委釗相度堵塞形勢,釗以大石爲第一要區,糾南海、番禺二縣團勇三萬六千晝夜演練,防務遂密。二十三年,<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>謀修復虎門砲台,釗進砲台形勢議十條,已而廉洋賊起,<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>以釗習知廉州情形,委釗與軍事。海賊投首。咸豐四年,卒於家。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_林伯桐"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.9E.97.E4.BC.AF.E6.A1.90"></span>附 林伯桐</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=48" title="编辑章节:附 林伯桐"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>林伯桐,字桐君,番禺人。嘉慶六年舉人。生平好爲考據之學,宗主漢儒,而踐履則服膺朱子,無門戸之見。事親孝,道光六年,試禮部歸,父已卒,悲慟不欲生。居喪悉遵古禮,蔬食、不入内者三年。自是不復上公車,一意奉母。與兩弟友愛,教授生徒百餘人,咸敦内行,勉實學。粵督阮元、鄧廷楨皆敬禮之。元延爲學海堂學長,廷楨聘課其二子。二十四年,以選授德慶州學正,閲三年卒於官,年七十。 </p><p>伯桐於諸經無不通,尤深於毛詩。謂傳牋不同者,大抵毛義爲長,孔疎多以王肅語爲毛意,又往往混鄭於毛。爲毛詩學者,當分別觀之,庶幾不失家法。因考鄭牋異義,爲毛詩通考三十巻,又著毛詩傳例二巻,又綴其碎義瑣辭,著毛詩識小三十巻,皆極精覈。他著有易象釋例十二巻,易象雅訓十二巻,三禮注疎考異二十巻,冠昏喪祭儀考十二巻,左傳風俗二十巻,古音勸學三十巻,史學蠡測三十巻,供冀小言二巻,古諺牋十一巻,兩粵水經註四巻,粵風四巻,修本堂藁四巻,詩文集二十四巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_李黼平"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.9D.8E.E9.BB.BC.E5.B9.B3"></span>附 李黼平</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=49" title="编辑章节:附 李黼平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>李黼平,字繡子,嘉應州人。幼穎異。年十四,精通樂譜。及長,治漢學,工考證。嘉慶十年進士,選翰林院庶吉士,散館改昭文縣知縣。 <dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>事一以寬和慈惠爲宗,不忍用鞭撲,獄隨至隨結。公餘即手一編,民間因有「李十五書生」之目。以虧挪落職繫獄,數年乃得歸。會粵督阮元開學海堂,聘閲課藝,遂留授諸子經。所著毛詩<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。"></dfn>義二十四巻。道光十二年,卒,年六十三。他著有易刊誤二巻,文選異義二巻,讀杜韓筆記二巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="柳興恩"><span id=".E6.9F.B3.E8.88.88.E6.81.A9"></span>柳興恩</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=50" title="编辑章节:柳興恩"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>柳興恩,原名興宗,字賓叔,丹徒人。道光十二年舉人。受業於儀徴阮元。初治毛詩,以毛公師荀卿,荀卿師穀梁,穀梁春鞦韆古絶學,元刻皇淸經解,公羊、左氏倶有專家,而穀梁缺焉。乃發憤沉思,成穀梁春秋大義述三十巻,以鄭六藝論云「穀梁子善於經」,遂專從善經入手,而善經則以屬辭比事爲據,事與辭則以春秋日月等名例定之。其書凡例,謂聖經既以春秋定名,而無事猶必舉四時之首月。後儒謂日月非經之大例,未爲通論。穀梁日月之例,泥則難通,比則易見。與其議傳而轉謂經誤,不若信經而並存傳説。述日月例第一。謂春秋治亂於已然,禮乃防亂於未然。穀梁親受子夏,其中典禮猶與論語夏時周冕相表裡。述禮例弟二。謂穀梁之經與左氏、公羊異者以百數,漢書儒林傳云:「穀梁魯學,公羊乃齊學也。」此或由齊、魯異讀,音轉而字亦分。述異文弟三。謂穀梁親受子夏,故傳中用孔子、孟子説,其他暗合者更多。述古訓弟四。謂自漢以來,穀梁師授鮮有專家,要不得擯諸師説之外。述師説弟五。謂漢儒師説之可見者,惟尹更始、劉向二家,然搜獲寥寥。其説已亡,而名僅存者,自漢以後並治三傳者亦收録焉。述經師弟六。謂穀梁久屬孤經,茲於所見載籍之渉穀梁者,循次摘録,附以論斷,並著本經廢興源流。述長編弟七。番禺陳澧嘗爲穀梁牋及條例,未成,後見興恩書,歎其精博,遂出其説備採,不復作。 </p><p>他著有周易卦氣輔四巻,虞氏逸象考二巻,尚書篇目考二巻,毛詩注疎糾補三十巻,續王應麟詩地考二巻,群經異義四巻,劉向年譜二巻,儀禮釋宮考辨二巻,史記、漢書、南齊書校勘記,説文解字校勘記,宿壹齋詩文集。光緒六年,卒,年八十有六。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="興恩弟榮宗"><span id=".E8.88.88.E6.81.A9.E5.BC.9F.E6.A6.AE.E5.AE.97"></span>興恩弟榮宗</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=51" title="编辑章节:興恩弟榮宗"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>弟榮宗,字翼南。著有説文引經考異十六巻。同時爲穀梁之學者,有南海侯康、海州許桂林、嘉善鍾文烝、江都梅毓。侯康自有傳。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_許桂林"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E8.A8.B1.E6.A1.82.E6.9E.97"></span>附 許桂林</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=52" title="编辑章节:附 許桂林"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>許桂林,字同叔,海州人。嘉慶二十一年舉人。少孤,孝於母及生母,無間言。家貧,不以厚幣易遠遊,日以詁經爲事。道光元年,丁内艱,以毀卒,年四十三。桂林於諸經皆有發明,尤篤信穀梁之學,著春秋穀梁穀傳時日月書法釋例四巻。其書有引公羊而互證者,有駮公羊而專主者。陽湖孫星衍嘗以條理精密、論辨明允許之。又著易確二十巻,大旨以乾爲主,謂全易皆乾所生,博觀約取,於易義實有發明,別有毛詩後牋八巻,春秋三傳地名考證六巻,漢世別本禮記長義四巻,大學中庸講義二巻,四書因論二巻。嘗以其餘力治六書、九數,著許氏説音十二巻,以配説文。又著説文後解十巻。又以岐伯言「地,大氣舉之」。氣外無殼,其氣將散;氣外有殼,此殼何依?思得一説以補所未及。蓋天實一氣,而其根在北,北極是也。北極不當爲天樞,而當爲氣母。因採集宣夜遺文,以西法通之,著宣西通三巻。又以算家以簡爲貴,乃取欽定數理精蘊,撮其切於日用者,著算牖四巻。生平所著書四十餘種,凡百數十巻。甘泉羅士琳從之遊,後以西算名世。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_-{鍾}-文烝"><span id=".E9.99.84_-.7B.E9.8D.BE.7D-.E6.96.87.E7.83.9D"></span>附 鍾文烝</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=53" title="编辑章节:附 鍾文烝"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>鍾文烝,字子勤,嘉善人。道光二十六年舉人,候選知縣。於學無所不通,而其全力尤在春秋。因沉潛反覆三十餘年,成穀梁經傳補註二十四巻。其書網羅衆家,折衷一是。其未經人道者,自比於梅鷟之辨偽書、陳第之談古韻,略引其緒,以待後賢。文烝兼究宋、元諸儒書,書中若釋禘祫、祖祢諡法以及心志不通、仁不勝道、以道受命等,皆能提要挈綱,實事求是。又著論語序詳正一巻。卒,年六十。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_梅毓"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.A2.85.E6.AF.93"></span>附 梅毓</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=54" title="编辑章节:附 梅毓"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>梅毓,字延祖,江都人。同治九年舉人,候選教諭。著有穀梁正義長編一巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="陳澧"><span id=".E9.99.B3.E6.BE.A7"></span>陳澧</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=55" title="编辑章节:陳澧"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>陳澧,字蘭甫,番禺人。道光十二年舉人,河源縣訓導。澧九歳能文,復問詩學於張維屛,問經學於侯康。凡天文、地理、樂律、算術、篆隸無不研究。中年讀諸經註疎、子、史及朱子書,日有課程。初著聲律通考十巻,謂:「周禮六律、六同皆文之以五聲,禮記五聲、六律、十二管還相爲宮,今之俗樂有七聲而無十二律,有七調而無十二宮,有工尺字譜而不知宮、商、角、徴、羽。懼古樂之遂絶,乃考古今聲律爲一書。」又切韻考六巻、外篇三巻,謂:「孫叔然、陸法言之學存於廣韻,宜明其法,而不惑於沙門之説。」又漢志水道圖説七巻,謂地理之學,當自水道始,知漢水道則可考漢郡縣。 </p><p>其於漢學、宋學能會其通,謂:「漢儒言義理,無異於宋儒,宋儒輕蔑漢儒者非也。近儒尊漢儒而不講義理,亦非也。」著漢儒通義七巻。晩年尋求大義及經學源流正變得失所在而論讚之,外及九流諸子、兩漢以後學術,爲東塾讀書記二十一巻。 </p><p>其教人不自立説,嘗取顧炎武論學之語而申之,謂:「博學於文,當先習一藝。韓詩外傳曰'好一則博',多好則雜也,非博也。讀經、史、子、集四部書,皆學也,而當以經爲主,尤當以行己有恥爲主。」爲學海堂學長數十年。至老,主講菊坡精舍,與諸生講論文藝,勉以篤行立品,成就甚衆。光緒七年,粵督張樹聲、巡撫裕寬以南海朱次琦與澧皆耆年碩德,奏請褒異,給五品卿銜。八年,卒,年七十三。 </p><p>他著有説文聲表十七巻,水經註提綱四十巻,水經註西南諸水考三巻,三統術詳説三巻,弧三角平視法一巻,琴律譜一巻,申範一巻,摹印述一巻,東塾集六巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_侯康"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E4.BE.AF.E5.BA.B7"></span>附 侯康</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=56" title="编辑章节:附 侯康"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>侯康,字君謨,亦番禺人。道光十五年舉人。少孤,事母孝。家貧,欲買書,母稱貸得錢。買十七史,讀之,巻帙皆敝,遂通史學。及長,精研注疎,湛深經術,與同里陳灃交最久。嘗謂:「漢志載春秋古經十二篇者左經也,經十一巻者公、穀經也。今以三傳參校之,大要古經爲優。穀梁出最先,其誤尚寡。公羊出最晩,其誤滋甚。」乃取其義意可尋者疎通證明之,著春秋古經説二巻。又治穀梁以證三禮,以公羊雜出衆師,時多偏駮,排詆獨多。著穀梁禮證,未完帙,僅成二巻。又彷裴松之註三國志例注史,嘗曰:「注古史與近史異,注近史者,群書大備;注古史者,遺籍罕存。當日爲唾棄之餘,今日皆見聞之助,宜過而存之。」因爲後漢書補注續一巻,三國志補註一巻,後漢稱續者,以有惠棟注;三國志杭世駿注未完善,故不稱續也。又補後漢、三國藝文志,各成經、史、子四巻,餘未成。又考漢、魏、六朝禮儀,貫串三禮,著書數十篇,澧嘗嘆以爲精深浩博。十七年,卒,年四十。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="康弟_度"><span id=".E5.BA.B7.E5.BC.9F_.E5.BA.A6"></span>康弟 度</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=57" title="编辑章节:康弟 度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>弟度,字子琴。與康同榜舉人,以大挑知縣分發廣西,署河池州知州。廣西賊起,度伐木爲柵,因山勢聯絡,堅固可守。賊退,以病告歸,至家遂卒,年五十七。度洽熟經傳,尤長禮學,時稱「二侯」。嘉興錢儀吉嘗稱其研覈傳注,剖析異同,如辨懿伯、惠伯之爲父子,三老、五更之爲一人。證明鄭義,皆有據依。所著書爲夷寇所焚,其説經文,刻學海堂集中。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_桂文燦"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.A1.82.E6.96.87.E7.87.A6"></span>附 桂文燦</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=58" title="编辑章节:附 桂文燦"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>桂文燦,字子白,文燿之弟。道光二十九年舉人。同治二年正月,應詔陳言:曰嚴甄別以淸仕途,曰設幕職以重考成,曰分三途以勵科甲,曰裁孱弱以節糜費,曰鑄銀錢以資利用。若津貼京員,製造輪船,海運滇銅,先後允行。光緒九年,選湖北鄖縣知縣,善治獄,以積勞卒於任。文燦守阮元遺言,謂:「周公尚文,範之以禮;尼山論道,教之以孝。苟博文而不能約禮,明辨而不能篤行,非聖人之學也。鄭君、朱子皆大儒,其行同,其學亦同。」因著朱子述鄭録二巻。他著四書集注牋四巻,毛詩釋地六巻,周禮通釋六巻,經學博採録十二巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="鄭珍"><span id=".E9.84.AD.E7.8F.8D"></span>鄭珍</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=59" title="编辑章节:鄭珍"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>鄭珍,字子尹,遵義人。道光五年拔貢生。十七年舉人,以大挑二等選茘波縣訓導。咸豐五年,叛苗犯茘波,知縣蔣嘉穀病,珍率兵拒戰,卒完其城。苗退,告歸。同治二年,大學士祁俊藻薦於朝,特旨以知縣分發江蘇補用,卒不出。三年,卒,年五十九。 </p><p>珍初受知於歙縣程恩澤,乃益進求諸聲音文字之原,與古宮室冠服之制。方是時,海内之士。崇尚考據,珍師承其説,實事求是,不立異,不苟同。復從莫與儔遊,益得與聞國朝六七鉅儒宗旨。於經最深三禮,謂:「小學有三:曰形,曰聲,曰義。形則三代文體之正,具在説文。若歴代鐘鼎款識及汗簡、古文四聲韻所收奇字,既不盡可識,亦多偽造,不合六書,不可以爲常也。聲則崑山顧氏音學五書,推證古音,信而有徴,昭若發蒙,誠百世不祧之祖。義則凡字書、韻書、訓詁之書,浩如煙海,而欲通經訓,莫詳於段玉裁説文注,邵晉涵、郝懿行爾雅疎及王念孫廣雅疎證。貫串博衍,超越前古,是皆小學全體大用。」 </p><p>其讀禮經,恆苦乾、嘉以還積漸生弊,號宗髙密,又多出新義,未見有勝,説愈繁而事愈蕪。故言三禮,墨守司農,不敢苟有出入。至於諸經,率依古注爲多。又以餘力旁通子史,類能提要鉤玄。儀禮十七篇皆有發明,半未脱稿,所成儀禮私牋,僅有士昏、公食、大夫喪服、士喪四篇,凡八巻;而喪服一篇,反覆尋繹,用力尤深。又以周禮考工記輪輿,鄭注精微,自賈疎以來,不得正解,説者日益支蔓,成輪輿私牋三巻。尤長説文之學,所著説文逸字二巻、附録一巻,説文新附考六巻,皆見稱於時。他著有鳧氏圖説、深衣考、汗簡牋正、説隸等書。又有巣經巣經説、詩鈔、文鈔,明鹿忠節公無欲齋詩注。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_鄒漢勳"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E9.84.92.E6.BC.A2.E5.8B.B3"></span>附 鄒漢勳</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=60" title="编辑章节:附 鄒漢勳"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>鄒漢勳,字叔績,新化人。父文蘇,歳貢生,以古學教授鄕里,闢學舍曰古經堂,與諸生肄士禮其中。其考據典物,力尊漢學,而談心性則宗朱子。漢勳通左氏義,佐伯兄漢紀撰左氏地圖説,又佐仲兄漢潢撰群經百物譜。年十八九,撰六國春秋,於天文推歩、方輿沿革、六書九數,靡不研究。同縣鄧顯鶴深異之,與修寶慶府志。又至黔中修貴陽、大定、興義、安順諸郡志。咸豐元年,舉於鄕。訪魏源於髙郵,同撰堯典釋天一巻。 </p><p>會粵賊陷江寧,漢勳以援、堵、守三策上書曾國籓,謂不援江西、堵廣西,湖南亦不能守。國籓用其言,命偕江忠淑率楚勇千人援南昌,圍解,敘勞以知縣用。既,從江忠源於廬州,守大西門,賊爲隧道三攻之,城坍數丈,賊將登陴,漢勳撃卻之。堅守三十七日,地雷復發,城陷。漢勳坐城樓上,命酒自酌,持劍大呼殺賊。賊至,與格鬥,手刃數人,力竭死之,年四十九,贈道銜。 </p><p>所著讀書偶識三十六巻,自言破前人之訓故,必求唐以前之訓故方敢用;違牋傳之事證,必求漢以前之事證方敢從。以漢人去古未遠,諸經註皆有師承,故推闡漢學,不遺餘力。尤深音均之學,初著廣韻表十巻,晩爲五均論,説尤精粹,時以江、戴目之。生平於易、詩、禮、春秋、論語、説文、水經皆有撰述,凡二十餘種,合二百餘巻。同治二年,土匪焚其居,熸焉。今存者讀書偶識僅八巻,五均論二巻,顓頊歴考二巻,斅藝齋文三巻、詩一巻,紅崖石刻釋文一巻,南髙平物産記二巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_王-{崧}-"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E7.8E.8B-.7B.E5.B4.A7.7D-"></span>附 王崧</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=61" title="编辑章节:附 王崧"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>王崧,字樂山,浪穹人。嘉慶四年進士,授山西武鄕縣知縣。崧學問淹通,儀徴阮元總督雲、貴,延崧主修通志,著有説緯六巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="劉寶楠"><span id=".E5.8A.89.E5.AF.B6.E6.A5.A0"></span>劉寶楠</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=62" title="编辑章节:劉寶楠"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>劉寶楠,字楚楨,寶應人。父履恂,字迪九,乾隆五十一年舉人,國子監典簿,著有秋槎札記。 </p><p>寶楠生五歳而孤,母氏喬教育以成。始寶楠從父台拱漢學精深,寶楠請業於台拱,以學行聞鄕里。爲諸生時,與儀徴劉文淇齊名,人稱揚州二劉。道光二十年成進士,授直隸文安縣知縣。文安地稱窪下,堤堰不修,遇伏,秋水盛漲,輒爲民害。寶楠週履堤防,詢知疾苦,爰檢舊冊,依例督旗屯及民同修,而旗屯恆怙勢相觀望,寶楠執法不阿,功遂濟。再補元氏,會歳旱,縣西北境蝗,袤延二十餘裡。寶楠禱東郊蠟祠,蝗爭投阬井,或抱禾死,歳則大熟。咸豐元年,調三河,値東省兵過境。故事,兵車皆出裡下。寶楠謂兵多差重,非民所堪,雇車應差,給以民價,民得不擾。 </p><p>寶楠在官十六年,衣冠樸素如諸生時。勤於聽訟,官文安日,審結積案千四百餘事,鷄初鳴,坐堂皇,兩造具備,當時研鞫。事無鉅細,均如其意結案,悖者照例治罪。凡渉親故族屬訟者,諭以睦★L5,概令解釋。訟獄既簡,吏多去籍歸耕,遠近翕然,著循良稱。咸豐五年,卒,年六十五。 </p><p>寶楠於經,初治毛氏詩、鄭氏禮,後與劉文淇及江都梅植之、涇包愼言、丹徒柳興恩、句容陳立約各治一經。寶楠發策得論語,病皇、邢疎蕪陋,乃蒐輯漢儒舊説,益以宋人長義,及近世諸家,仿焦循孟子正義例,先爲長編,次乃薈萃而折衷之,著論語正義二十四巻。因官事繁,未卒業,命子恭冕續成之。他著有釋穀四巻,於豆、麥、麻三種多補正程氏九穀考之説。漢石例六巻,於碑誌體例考證詳博。寶應圖經六巻,勝朝殉揚録三巻,文安堤工録六巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="寶楠子_恭冕"><span id=".E5.AF.B6.E6.A5.A0.E5.AD.90_.E6.81.AD.E5.86.95"></span>寶楠子 恭冕</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=63" title="编辑章节:寶楠子 恭冕"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>恭冕,字叔俛。光緒五年舉人。守家學,通經訓,入安徽學政朱蘭幕,爲校李貽德春秋賈服注輯述,移補百數十事。後主講湖北經心書院,敦品飭行,崇尚樸學。幼習毛詩,晩年治公羊春秋,發明「新周」之義,闢何劭公之謬説,同時通儒皆韙之。卒,年六十。著有論語正義補,何休論語注訓述,廣經室文鈔。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="龍啓瑞"><span id=".E9.BE.8D.E5.95.93.E7.91.9E"></span>龍啓瑞</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=64" title="编辑章节:龍啓瑞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>龍啓瑞,字翰臣,臨桂人。道光二十一年一甲一名進士,授翰林院修撰。二十四年,充廣東鄕試副考官。二十七年,大考翰詹二等七名,以侍講升用。七月,簡湖北學政,著經籍舉要一書,以示學者。又以學政之職有三要:一曰防弊,二曰勵實學,三曰正人心風俗。三十年,丁父憂回籍。咸豐元年六月,廣西巡撫鄒鳴鶴奏辦廣西團練,以啓瑞總其事。二年七月,省城圍解,以守城出力,以侍講學士升用。六年四月,授通政司副使。十一月,簡江西學政。七年三月,遷江西布政使。八年九月,卒於官。 </p><p>啓瑞切劘經義,尤講求音韻之學,貫穿於顧、江、段、王、孔、張、劉、江諸家之書,而著古韻通説二十巻。以爲論古韻者,自顧氏以前失之疎,自段氏以後過於密,江氏酌中,亦未爲盡善。陽湖張氏分二十一部,言:「凡言古韻者,分之不嫌密,合之不嫌廣。惟分之密,其合之也脈絡分明,不至因一字而疑各韻可通,亦不至因各韻而疑一字之不可通。」啓瑞服膺是言,故其集古韻也,意主於嚴,而其爲通説也,則較之顧氏而尚覺其寬。不拘成説,不執私見,參之古書,以求其是而已。其論本音、論通韻、論轉音,皆確有據依,而以論通説總之,故以名其全書焉。他著有爾雅經註集證三巻,經德堂集十二巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_苗夔"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E8.8B.97.E5.A4.94"></span>附 苗夔</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=65" title="编辑章节:附 苗夔"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>苗夔,字仙簏,肅寧人。幼即嗜六書形聲之學,讀許氏説文,若有夙悟。已,又得顧炎武音學五書,慕之彌篤。曰:「吾守此終身矣!」舉道光十一年優貢生,髙郵王念孫父子禮先於夔,由是譽望日隆。夔以爲許叔重遺書多有爲後人妄刪或附益者,乃訂正説文八百餘字,爲説文聲訂二巻。顧氏音學所立古音表十部,宏綱已具,然猶病其太密,而戈、麻既雜西音,不應別立一部。於是並耕、淸、靑、蒸、登於東、冬,並戈、麻於支、齊,定以七部,隱括群經之韻。字以聲從,韻以部分,爲説文聲讀表七巻。詩自毛傳、鄭牋而後,主義理者多,主聲均者少,雖有陸元朗詩經音義,亦不能專主古音,然古音時有未盡改者。夔治毛詩,尤精於諧聲之學,嘗以齊、魯、韓三家證毛,而又以許洨長之聲讀參錯其間,採太平戚氏之漢學諧聲、詩經正讀,無錫安氏之均徴,爲毛詩均訂十巻。咸豐丁巳五月,卒,年七十有五。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_龐大-{堃}-"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E9.BE.90.E5.A4.A7-.7B.E5.A0.83.7D-"></span>附 龐大堃</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=66" title="编辑章节:附 龐大堃"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>龐大堃,字子方,常熟人。嘉慶二十四年舉人,究心音韻之學,嘗謂顧、江、戴、段、孔、王諸家分部互有出入者,以入聲配隸無準耳。入聲有正紐、反紐,今韻多從正紐,古韻多從反紐,陽奇陰偶,兩兩相配,一從陸氏法言所定爲正紐,一從顧、江、戴、王所定爲反紐。其轉音之法有五:一正轉,同部者是也,一遞轉,同音者是也;一旁轉,相比及相生者是也;一雙聲,同母者是也。又謂欲明古音,必先究唐韻,乃可定其分合,爲唐韻輯略五巻、備考一巻,形聲輯略一巻、備考一巻,古音輯略二巻、備考一巻,等韻輯略三巻。他著有易例輯略五巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="陳立"><span id=".E9.99.B3.E7.AB.8B"></span>陳立</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=67" title="编辑章节:陳立"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>陳立,字卓人,句容人。道光二十一年進士,二十四年,補應殿試。選翰林院庶吉士。散館改刑部主事,升郎中,授雲南曲靖府知府。請訓時,文宗有「爲人淸愼」之褒,時以道梗不克之任。少客揚州,師江都梅植之,受詩、古文辭;師江都凌曙、儀徴劉文淇,受公羊春秋、許氏説文、鄭氏禮,而於公羊致力尤深。 </p><p>文淇嘗謂漢儒之學,經唐人作疎,其義益晦。徐彦之疎公羊,空言無當。近人如曲阜孔氏、武進劉氏,謹守何氏之説,詳義例而略典禮、訓詁。立乃博稽載籍,凡唐以前公羊古義及國朝諸儒説公羊者,左右採獲,擇精語詳。草創三十年,長編甫具。南歸後,乃整齊排比,融會貫通,成公羊義疎七十六巻。 </p><p>初治公羊也,因及漢儒説經師法,謂莫備於白虎通。先爲疎證,以條舉舊聞、暢隱扶微爲主,而不事辨駁,成白虎通疎證十二巻。幼受爾雅,因取唐人五經正義中所引犍爲舍人、樊光、劉歆、李巡、孫炎五家悉甄録之。謂郭注中精言妙諦,大率胎此。附以郭音義及顧、沈、施、謝諸家切釋,成爾雅舊註二巻。 </p><p>又以古韻之學敝蝕已久,而聲音之原,起於文字,説文諧聲,即韻母也。因推廣歸安姚氏説文聲系之例,刺取許書中諧聲之文,部分而綴敘之。以像形、指事、會意爲母,以諧聲爲子,其子之所諧,又即各綴於子下。其分部則兼取顧、江、戴、孔、王、段、劉、許諸家,精研而審核之,訂爲二十部,成説文諧聲孳生述三巻。其文淵雅典碩,大抵考訂服制典禮及聲音訓詁爲多,成句溪雜著六巻,卒,年六十一。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="陳奐"><span id=".E9.99.B3.E5.A5.90"></span>陳奐</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=68" title="编辑章节:陳奐"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>陳奐,字碩甫,長洲人。諸生。咸豐元年,舉孝廉方正。奐始從呉江沅治古學,金壇段玉裁寓呉,與沅祖聲善。嘗曰:「我作六書音韻表,惟江氏祖孫知之,餘尟有知者。」奐盡一晝夜探其梗概。沅嘗假玉裁經韻樓集,奐竊視之,加硃墨。後玉裁見之,稱其學識出孔、賈上,由是奐受學玉裁。髙郵王念孫暨子引之、棲霞郝懿行、績溪胡培翬、涇胡承珙、臨海金鶚,咸與締交。 </p><p>奐嘗言大毛公詁訓傳言簡意賅,遂殫精竭慮,專攻毛傳。以毛傳一切禮數名物,自漢以來無人稱引,韜晦不彰,乃博徴古書,發明其義。大抵用西漢以前舊説,而與東漢人説詩者不苟同。又以毛氏之學,源出荀子,而善承毛氏者,惟鄭仲師、許叔重兩家,故於周禮注、説文解字多所取説,著詩毛氏傳疎三十巻。又以疎中稱引,博廣難明,更舉條例,立表示圖,爲毛詩説一巻。準以古音,依四始爲毛詩音四巻。仿爾雅例,編毛傳爲義類十九篇一巻。以鄭多本三家詩,與毛異,爲鄭氏牋考徴一巻。又有詩語助義三十巻,公羊逸禮考徴一巻,師友淵源記一巻,禘郊或問、宋本集韻校勘記,各若干巻。 </p><p>其論尚書大傳與毛傳同條共貫,論春秋之學,從公羊以知例,治穀梁以明禮。穀梁文句極簡,必得治禮數十年而後可明其要義。論釋名與毛傳、説文多不合,然可以討漢、宋説經家之源流。其論丁度集韻云:「集韻總字,具見類篇,先以類篇校集韻,再參之釋文、説文、玉篇、廣韻、博雅,則校讎之功過半矣。 」又云:「陸氏釋文宋本,當於集韻求之。今尚書釋文,經開寶中陳諤等刪改之本,集韻則未經刪改者也。」於子書中尤好管子,嘗令其弟子元和丁士涵爲管子案四巻。 </p><p>家居授徒,從遊者數十人。同郡管慶祺、丁士涵、馬釗、費鍔,德淸戴望,其尤著也。同治二年,卒,年七十有八。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_金鶚"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E9.87.91.E9.B6.9A"></span>附 金鶚</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=69" title="编辑章节:附 金鶚"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>金鶚,字誠齋,臨海人。優貢生。博聞強識,邃精三禮之學。受知於山陽汪廷珍,與析難辨論,成禮説二巻。嘉慶二十四年,卒於京邸。所著求古録一書,取宮室、衣服、郊祀、井田之類,貫串漢、唐諸儒之説,條考而詳辨之。鶚又嘗輯論語鄕黨注,釐正舊説,頗得意解。卒後稿全佚,陳奐求得之,釐爲求古録禮説十五巻,鄕黨正義一巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="黃式三"><span id=".E9.BB.83.E5.BC.8F.E4.B8.89"></span>黃式三</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=70" title="编辑章节:黃式三"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>黃式三,字薇香,定海人。歳貢生。事親孝,嘗赴鄕試,母裘暴疾卒於家,馳歸慟絶。父老且病,臥床笫數年,衣食靧洗,必躬親之。比歿,持喪以禮,誓不再應鄕試。於學不立門戸,博綜群經,治易治春秋,而尤長三禮。論禘郊宗廟,謹守鄭學。論封域、井田、兵賦、學校、明堂、宗法諸制,有大疑義,必釐正之。有復禮説、崇禮説、約禮説。嘗著論語後案二十巻,自爲之序。他著有書啓幪四巻,詩叢説一巻,詩序説通二巻,詩傳牋考二巻,春秋釋二巻,周季編略九巻,儆居集經説四巻,史説四巻。同治元年,卒,年七十四。子以周,從子以恭,倶能傳其學。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="式三子_以周"><span id=".E5.BC.8F.E4.B8.89.E5.AD.90_.E4.BB.A5.E5.91.A8"></span>式三子 以周</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=71" title="编辑章节:式三子 以周"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以周,本名元同,後改今名,以元同爲字。同治九年優貢。旋舉於鄕,大挑以教職用,補分水縣訓導。以學臣奏加中書銜,以教授升用,旋選處州府教授,而年已七十,遂不就。以周篤守家學,以爲三代下之經學,漢鄭君、宋朱子爲最。而漢學、宋學之流弊,乖離聖經,尚不合於鄭、朱,何論孔、孟?有淸講學之風,倡自顧亭林。顧氏嘗云:「經學即是理學。」乃體顧氏之訓,上追孔、孟之遺言,於易、詩、春秋皆有著述,而三禮尤爲宗主。所著禮書通故百巻,列五十目,古先王禮制備焉。又以孟子學孔子,由博反約,而未嘗親炙孔聖。其間有子思子,綜七十子之前聞,承孔聖以啓孟子,乃著子思子輯解七巻。而舉子思所述夫子之教,必始於詩、書,而終於禮、樂,及所明仁義爲利之説,謂其傳授之大恉,是深信博文約禮之經學,爲行義之正軌,而求孟子學孔聖之師承,以子思爲樞軸。暮年多疾,因曰:「加我數年,子思子輯解成,斯無憾!」既,書成而疾瘥,更號哉生。江蘇學政黃體芳建南菁講舍於江陰,延之主講。以周教以博文約禮、實事求是,道髙而不立門戸。宗源瀚建辨志精舍於寧波,請以周定其名義規制,而專課經學,著録弟子千餘人。卒,年七十有二。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="式三從子_以恭"><span id=".E5.BC.8F.E4.B8.89.E5.BE.9E.E5.AD.90_.E4.BB.A5.E6.81.AD"></span>式三從子 以恭</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=72" title="编辑章节:式三從子 以恭"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以恭,字質庭。光緒元年舉人。著有尚書啓幪疎二十八巻,讀詩管見十二巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="兪樾"><span id=".E5.85.AA.E6.A8.BE"></span>兪樾</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=73" title="编辑章节:兪樾"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>兪樾,字廕甫,德淸人。道光三十年進士,改庶吉士。咸豐二年,散館授編修。五年,簡放河南學政,奏請以鄭公孫僑從祀文廟,聖兄孟皮配享崇德祠,並邀兪允。七年,以御史曹登庸劾試題割裂罷職。樾歸後,僑居蘇州,主講蘇州紫陽、上海求志各書院,而主杭州詁經精舍三十餘年,最久。課士一依阮元成法,遊其門者,若戴望、黃以周、朱一新、施補華、王詒壽、馮一梅、呉慶坻、呉承志、袁昶等,咸有聲於時。東南遭赭寇之亂,典籍蕩然,樾總辦浙江書局,建議江、浙、揚、鄂四書局分刻二十四史,又於浙局精刻子書二十二種,海内稱爲善本。 </p><p>生平專意著述,先後著書,巻帙繁富,而群經平議、諸子平議、古書疑義舉例三書,尤能確守家法,有功經籍。其治經以髙郵王念孫、引之父子爲宗。謂治經之道,大要在正句讀,審字義,通古文假借,三者之中,通假借爲尤要。王氏父子所著經義述聞,用漢儒「讀爲」、「讀曰」之例者居半,發明故訓,是正文字,至爲精審。因著群經平議,以附述聞之後。其諸子平議,則仿王氏讀書雜誌而作,校誤文,明古義,所得視群經爲多。又取九經、諸子舉例八十有八,毎一條各舉數事以見例,使讀者習知其例,有所據依,爲讀古書之一助。 </p><p>樾於諸經皆有纂述,而易學爲深,所著易貫,專發明聖人觀像繫辭之義。玩易五篇,則自出新意,不拘泥先儒之説。復作艮宦易説,卦氣値日考、續考,邵易補原,易窮通變化論,互體方位説,皆足證一家之學。晩年所著茶香室經説,義多精確。古文不拘宗派,淵然有經籍之光。所作詩,温和典雅,近白居易。工篆、隸。同時如大學士曾國籓、李鴻章,尚書彭玉麟、徐樹銘、潘祖廕,咸傾心納交。日本文士有來執業門下者。 </p><p>樾湛深經學,律己尤嚴,篤天性,尚廉直,布衣蔬食,海内翕然稱曲園先生。光緒二十八年,以鄕舉重逢,詔復原官,重赴鹿鳴筵宴。三十二年,卒,年八十有六。著有群經平議三十五巻,諸子平議三十五巻及第一樓叢書,曲園雜纂,兪樓雜纂,賓萌集,春在堂雜文、詩編、詞録、隨筆,右台仙館筆記,茶香室叢鈔、經説,其餘雜著,稱春在堂全書。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_張文虎"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.BC.B5.E6.96.87.E8.99.8E"></span>附 張文虎</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=74" title="编辑章节:附 張文虎"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>同時以耆年篤學主講席者,則有南匯張文虎。文虎,字嘯山。諸生。嘗讀元和惠氏、歙江氏、休寧戴氏、嘉定錢氏諸家書,慨然嘆爲學自有本,則取漢、唐、宋注疎、經説,由形聲以通其字,由訓詁以會其義,由度數名物以辨其制作,由語言事蹟以窺古聖賢精義,旁及子史,莫不考其源流同異。精天算,尤長校勘。同治五年,兩江書局開,文虎爲校史記三注,成札記五巻,最稱精善。卒,年七十有一。著有舒藝室遺書。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="王闓運"><span id=".E7.8E.8B.E9.97.93.E9.81.8B"></span>王闓運</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=75" title="编辑章节:王闓運"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>王闓運,字壬秋,湘潭人。咸豐三年舉人。幼好學,質魯,日誦不能及百言。發憤自責,勉強而行之。昕所習者,不成誦不食;夕所誦者,不得解不寢。於是年十有五明訓詁,二十而通章句,二十四而言禮。考三代之制度,詳品物之所用。二十八而達春秋微言,張公羊,申何學,遂通諸經。潛心著述,尤肆力於文。溯莊、列,探賈、董,其駢儷則揖顏、庾,詩歌則抗阮、左。記事之體,一取裁於龍門。 </p><p>闓運刻苦勵學,寒暑無間。經、史、百家,靡不誦習。牋、注、抄、校,日有定課。遇有心得,隨筆記述。闡明奧義,中多前賢未發之覆。嘗曰:「治經:於易,必先知「易」字有數義,不當虚衍卦名;於書,必先斷句讀;於詩,必先知男女贈答之辭不足以頒學官、傳後世。一洗三陋,乃可言禮。禮明,然後治春秋。」又曰:「説經以識字爲貴,而非識説文解字之字爲貴。」又曰:「文不取裁於古則亡法,文而畢摹乎古則亡意。」又嘗慨然自歎曰:「我非文人,乃學人也!」 </p><p>學成出遊。初館山東巡撫崇恩。入都。就尚書肅順聘。肅順奉之若師保。軍事多諮而後行。左宗棠之獄。闓運實解之。已而參曾國籓幕。胡林翼、彭玉麟等皆加敬禮。闓運自負奇才,所如多不合。乃退息無復用世之志。唯出所學以教後進。四川總督丁寶楨聘主尊經書院,待以賓師之禮,成材甚衆。歸爲長沙思賢講舍、衡州船山書院山長。江西巡撫夏★J9延爲髙等學堂總教。光緒三十四年,湖南巡撫岑春蓂上其學行,特授檢討。鄕試重逢,加侍讀。闓運晩睹世變,與人無忤,以唯阿自容。入民國,嘗一領史館,遂歸。丙辰年,卒,年八十有五。 </p><p>所著書以經學爲多,其已刊者有周易説十一巻,尚書義三十巻,尚書大傳七巻,詩經補牋二十巻,禮記牋四十六巻,春秋公羊傳牋十一巻,穀梁傳牋十巻,周官牋六巻,論語註二巻,爾雅集解十六巻,又墨子、莊子、鶡冠子義解十一巻,湘軍志十六巻,湘綺樓詩文集及日記等。子女並能通經,傳其家學。次子代豐,早世,著有公羊例表。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="王先謙"><span id=".E7.8E.8B.E5.85.88.E8.AC.99"></span>王先謙</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=76" title="编辑章节:王先謙"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>王先謙,字益吾,長沙人。同治四年進士,選庶吉士,授編修。光緒元年,大考二等,擢中允,充日講起居注官。歴上疎言言路防弊,請籌東三省防務,並劾雲南巡撫徐之銘。六年,晉國子監祭酒。八年,丁憂歸,服闋,仍故官。疎請三海停工。出爲江蘇學政。十四年,以太監李蓮英招搖,疎請懲戒。略言:「宦寺之患,自古爲昭,本朝法制森嚴,從無太監攬權害事。皇太后垂簾聽政,一禀前謨,毫不寬假,此天下臣民所共知共見者。乃有總管太監李蓮英,秉性姦回,肆無忌憚。其平日穢聲劣跡,不敢形諸奏牘。惟思太監等給使宮禁,得以日近天顏;或因奔走微長,偶邀宸顧,度亦事理所有。何獨該太監讠誇張恩遇,大肆招搖,致太監篦小李之名,傾動中外,驚駭物聽,此即其不安本分之明證。易曰'履霜堅冰' ,漸也。皇太后、皇上於制治保邦之道,靡不勤求夙夜,遇事防維。今宵小橫行,已有端兆。若不嚴加懲辦,無以振綱紀而肅群情。」疎上不報。 </p><p>先謙歴典雲南、江西、浙江鄕試,搜羅人才,不遺餘力。既蒞江蘇,先奏設書局,仿阮元皇淸經解例,刊刻續經解一千四百三十巻。南菁書院創於黃體芳,先謙廣籌經費,毎邑拔取才士入院,而督教之,誘掖獎勸,成就人材甚多。開缺還家,歴主思賢講舍,岳麓、城南兩書院,其培植人才,與前無異。三十三年,總督陳夔龍、巡撫岑春蓂奏以所著書進呈,賞内閣學士銜。宣統二年,長沙饑民《門共》圍撫署,衞兵開槍撃斃數人,民情愈憤,匪徒乘之放火燒署。省城紳士電請易巡撫,以先謙名首列,先謙不知也。總督瑞澂奏參,部議降五級。同鄕京官胡祖廕等以冤抑呈遞都察院,亦不報。國變後,改名遯,遷居鄕間,越六年卒。著有尚書孔傳參正三十六巻,三家詩集義疎二十八巻,漢書補註一百巻,荀子集解二十巻,日本源流考二十二巻,外國通鑑三十巻,虚受堂詩文集三十六巻等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="孫詒讓"><span id=".E5.AD.AB.E8.A9.92.E8.AE.93"></span>孫詒讓</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=77" title="编辑章节:孫詒讓"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>孫詒讓,字仲容,瑞安人。父衣言,自有傳。詒讓,同治六年舉人,官刑部主事。初讀漢學師承記及皇淸經解,漸窺通儒治經、史、小學家法。謂古子、群經,有三代文字之通假,有秦、漢篆隸之變遷,有魏、晉正草之混淆,有六朝、唐人俗書之流失,有宋、元、明校讎之羼改。匡違捃佚,必有誼據,先成札迻十二巻。 </p><p>又著周禮正義八十六巻,以爲:「有淸經術昌明,於諸經均有新疎,周禮以周公致太平之書,而秦、漢以來諸儒不能融會貫通。蓋通經皆實事、實字,天地、山川之大,城郭、宮室、衣服制度之精,酒漿、醯醢之細,鄭注簡奧,賈疎疎略。讀者難於深究,而通之於治,尤多謬盭。劉歆、蘇綽之於新、週,王安石之於宋,膠柱鍥舟,一潰不振,遂爲此經詬病。詒讓乃以爾雅、説文正其訓詁,以禮經、大小戴記證其制度。研覃廿載,藁草屢易,遂博採漢、唐以來迄乾、嘉諸經儒舊説,參互繹證,以發鄭注之淵奧,裨賈疎之遺闕。其於古制,疎通證明,較之舊疎,實爲淹貫。而注有違牾,輒爲匡糾。凡所發正數十百事,匪敢壞'疎不破注'家法,於康成不曲從杜、鄭之意,實亦無誖。而以國家之富強,從政教入,則無論新舊學均可折衷於是書。」識者韙之。 </p><p>光緒癸卯,以經濟特科徴,不應。宣統元年,禮制館徴,亦不就。未幾卒,年六十二。所著又有墨子閒詁十五巻,目録、附録二巻,後語二巻。精深閎博,一時推爲絶詣。古籀拾遺三巻,逸周書斠補四巻,九旗古義述一巻。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="鄭杲"><span id=".E9.84.AD.E6.9D.B2"></span>鄭杲</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=78" title="编辑章节:鄭杲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>鄭杲,字東甫,遷安人。父鳴岡,爲即墨令,卒於官。貧不能歸,因家焉。杲事母孝。光緒五年,舉山東鄕試第一,明年成進士,授刑部主事。肆力於學,以讀經爲正課,旁及朝章國故,矻矻終日,視仕進泊如也。嘗謂:「治經在信古傳,經者淵海,傳其航也。漢代諸儒,主乎此者不能通乎彼;唐、宋而降,能觀其通矣,乃舉古説而悉排之,惟斷以己意。若是者,皆非善治經者也。」杲以母憂歸,主講濼源書院。服闋,遷員外。時朝政維新,兩宮已積疑釁,杲獨惓惓言天子當竭誠以盡孝道。具疎草,莫敢爲言者。二十六年夏,熒惑入南斗,复上書請修省,不報。未幾,卒。 </p><p>杲之學深於春秋,其言曰:「左氏明魯史舊章,二傳則孔、孟推廣新意,口授傳指。公羊明魯道者也,穀梁明王道者也,左氏則備載當時行用之道。當時行用之道,霸道也。所以必明魯道者,爲人子孫,道在法其祖也。穀梁則損益四代之趣咸在焉。惟聖人蹶起在帝位者,乃能用之也。」其爲説兼綜三傳,而尤致嚴於事天、事君、事親之辨。謂:「春秋首致謹於元年正月,正月者,正即位也。正月謹始也,必能爲父之子,然後能爲天之子矣。春秋之有三正,由其有天、君、父之三命也。春者天也,王者君也,正月者父也,將以備責三正,而單舉正月,何也?事天、事君,皆以事親爲始也。」凡杲所論著如此。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_宋書升"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E5.AE.8B.E6.9B.B8.E5.8D.87"></span>附 宋書升</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=79" title="编辑章节:附 宋書升"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>與杲同時者,有宋書升,字晉之,濰縣人。光緒十八年進士,改庶吉士。里居十年,殫心經術。易、書、詩均有撰述,尤精推歩之學。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="附_法偉堂"><span id=".E9.99.84_.E6.B3.95.E5.81.89.E5.A0.82"></span>附 法偉堂</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&action=edit&section=80" title="编辑章节:附 法偉堂"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>法偉堂,字小山,膠州人。光緒十五年進士,官靑州府教授,精研音韻之學,考訂陸德明經典釋文,多前人所未發。 </p> <table class="ws-noexport noprint" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid var(--border-color-content-added,#a3d3ff); background-color: var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#eaf3ff); width:100%; margin-bottom:0px; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20%" align="left"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7481" title="清史稿/卷481">巻四百八十一</a> </td> <td><span style="color:#999"> ◄ </span> </td> <td width="50%" align="center"><a href="#top">↑返回頂部</a> </td> <td><span style="color:#999"> ► </span> </td> <td width="20%" align="right"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7483" title="清史稿/卷483">巻四百八十三</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2435851">.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer{box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:0.25em;clear:both;width:auto;page-break-before:always;break-before:page}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child{display:table;border:2px solid var(--border-subtle,#8888aa);border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0 0;empty-cells:hide;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0 auto 0 auto;width:100%;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f7f8ff);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child{display:table-row-group}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div{display:table-cell;padding:5px;vertical-align:middle;width:auto}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2){text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div:first-child{display:block;margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div:nth-child(2){display:table;border-top:1px solid var(--border-subtle,#8888aa)}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div:nth-child(2)>div{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div:nth-child(2)>div:first-child{text-align:center;padding:5px 0;width:40px}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div:nth-child(2)>div:nth-child(2){text-align:left;padding:5px;font-size:92%}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(3){text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .licensetpl{display:none}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer.wst-collapsible-box{clear:both;margin:0.25em 0 0.25em 0;font-size:95%;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f7f8ff);color:var(--color-base,#202122);border:2px solid var(--border-subtle,#8888aa);text-align:left;line-height:1.6}.mw-parser-output .wst-license-container-title{display:inline-block;padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wst-license-container-content{background:transparent;color:inherit;margin:0;padding:3px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer.warningLicenseContainer>div:first-child{border:2px solid var(--border-color-error,#b22222);background-color:var(--background-color-error-subtle,#ffeeee);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .licenseContainer.warningLicenseContainer>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:first-child>div:nth-child(2)>div:nth-child(2){border:2px solid var(--border-color-error,#b22222);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}</style><div class="licenseContainer licenseBanner dynlayout-exempt"> <div><div><div><div> <p><span class="imageLeft"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/48px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/72px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/96px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span></span> </p> </div><div> <div> <p>1996年1月1日,这部作品在原著作國家或地區屬於<b><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%89%E9%A0%98%E5%9F%9F" class="extiw" title="w:公有領域">公有領域</a></b>,之前在美國從未出版,其作者1919年逝世,在<b>美國</b>以及版權期限是<b>作者終身加100年</b>以下的國家以及地区屬於<b><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%89%E9%A0%98%E5%9F%9F" class="extiw" title="w:公有領域">公有領域</a></b>。 </p> </div> </div><div> <p><span class="noimageRight"></span> </p> </div></div></div></div> <div class="licensetpl"> <p><span class="licensetpl_short">Public domain</span><span class="licensetpl_long">Public domain</span><span class="licensetpl_link_req">false</span><span class="licensetpl_attr_req">false</span> </p> </div> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7f966856f8‐6xmj8 Cached time: 20241220044414 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.293 seconds Real time usage: 0.337 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 7749/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 53196/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3256/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 3241/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.054/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 906236/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 248.854 1 -total 35.06% 87.245 68 Template:ProperNoun 20.13% 50.090 1 Template:Header 17.19% 42.772 1 Template:Pd/1996 15.85% 39.454 1 Template:PD-old-100-1996 14.80% 36.833 1 Template:License 13.94% 34.694 680 Template:專/item 12.47% 31.025 32 Template:WavyBookMark 6.90% 17.168 1 Template:Textquality 5.96% 14.822 160 Template:書/item --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key zhwikisource:pcache:177814:|#|:idhash:canonical!zh and timestamp 20241220044414 and revision id 2009476. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=清史稿/卷482&oldid=2009476">https://zh.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=清史稿/卷482&oldid=2009476</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>:<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:50%25" title="Category:50%">50%</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E7%B9%86%E8%8D%83%E5%AD%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:繆荃孫(页面不存在)">繆荃孫</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:PD-old-100-1996" title="Category:PD-old-100-1996">PD-old-100-1996</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类:<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABUnicode%E7%A7%81%E6%9C%89%E5%8C%BA%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含Unicode私有区字符的条目">包含Unicode私有区字符的条目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 此页面最后编辑于2020年12月23日 (星期三) 17:23。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享 署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供,附加条款亦可能应用。(请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>)<br />在部份国家和地区,包括中国大陆、澳门和台湾,作者精神权(含署名权)永久有效(<b><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF" title="Wikisource:版权信息">详情</a></b>)。<br /> Wikisource®和维基文库标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标;维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br />维基媒体基金会是在美国佛罗里达州登记的501(c)(3)<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">免税</a>、非营利、慈善机构。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基文库</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikisource.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7482&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7f966856f8-6xmj8","wgBackendResponseTime":580,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.293","walltime":"0.337","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7749,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":53196,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3256,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":3241,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 248.854 1 -total"," 35.06% 87.245 68 Template:ProperNoun"," 20.13% 50.090 1 Template:Header"," 17.19% 42.772 1 Template:Pd/1996"," 15.85% 39.454 1 Template:PD-old-100-1996"," 14.80% 36.833 1 Template:License"," 13.94% 34.694 680 Template:專/item"," 12.47% 31.025 32 Template:WavyBookMark"," 6.90% 17.168 1 Template:Textquality"," 5.96% 14.822 160 Template:書/item"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.054","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":906236,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7f966856f8-6xmj8","timestamp":"20241220044414","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u6e05\u53f2\u7a3f\/\u5377482","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikisource.org\/wiki\/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF\/%E5%8D%B7482","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q85621133","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q85621133","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-09-08T04:21:29Z","dateModified":"2020-12-23T17:23:11Z"}</script> </body> </html>