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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-State_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>State government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_self-government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_self-government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Local self-government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_self-government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electricity_infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electricity_infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Electricity infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electricity_infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Education infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Health infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Urban areas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Urban_areas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Urban areas subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Urban_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_proposal_for_urban_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_proposal_for_urban_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>New proposal for urban areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_proposal_for_urban_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture and society</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_society-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture and society subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Social_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Social institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Civil society</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_political_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_political_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Traditional political institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_political_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spirituality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spirituality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Spirituality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spirituality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Living_root_bridges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Living_root_bridges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.6</span> <span>Living root bridges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Living_root_bridges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road_network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Road network</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aviation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aviation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Aviation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aviation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Major issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Major_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Major issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Major_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Illegal_immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illegal_immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Illegal immigration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illegal_immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Violence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Violence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Violence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Violence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_instability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_instability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Political instability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_instability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jhum_farming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jhum_farming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>Jhum farming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jhum_farming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Meghalaya</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 109 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">109 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="मेघालय – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मेघालय" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ميغالايا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميغالايا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="মেঘালয় – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মেঘালয়" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalaya" title="Megalaya – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Megalaya" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="मेघालय – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मेघालय" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meqhalaya" title="Meqhalaya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Meqhalaya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="مقالایا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مقالایا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="মেঘালয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেঘালয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Мегхалая – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мегхалая" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Мэггалая – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэггалая" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="मेघालय – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मेघालय" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Мегхалая – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мегхалая" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megh%C4%81laya" title="Meghālaya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Meghālaya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9gh%C3%A1laj" title="Méghálaj – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Méghálaj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AC%DE%8E%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%94%DE%A7" title="މެގަލާޔާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މެގަލާޔާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="मेघालय – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मेघालय" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Μεγκαλάγια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεγκαλάγια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalajo" title="Meghalajo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Meghalajo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="مگالایا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مگالایا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%98%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%AF" title="મેઘાલય – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મેઘાલય" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="मेघालय – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="मेघालय" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EA%B0%88%EB%9D%BC%EC%95%BC%EC%A3%BC" title="메갈라야주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메갈라야주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1" title="Մեգհալայա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեգհալայա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="मेघालय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मेघालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="মেঘালয় – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মেঘালয়" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Мегхалая – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мегхалая" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%99%D7%94" title="מגהלאיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מגהלאיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%98%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%AF" title="ಮೇಘಾಲಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೇಘಾಲಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მეგჰალაია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეგჰალაია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%8E%DB%81" title="میگھالیَہ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="میگھالیَہ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megh%C4%81laja" title="Meghālaja – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Meghālaja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaja" title="Meghalaja – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Meghalaja" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megh%C3%A1laja" title="Meghálaja – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Meghálaja" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="मेघालय – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मेघालय" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Мегалаја – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мегалаја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF" title="മേഘാലയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മേഘാലയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="मेघालय – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मेघालय" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მეგჰალაია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მეგჰალაია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="مگالایا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مگالایا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%98%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯃꯦꯘꯥꯂꯌꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯦꯘꯥꯂꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Мегхалая – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мегхалая" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%83%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%9A%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="မေဃာလယပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မေဃာလယပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="मेघालय – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मेघालय" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="मेघालय – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मेघालय" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A4%E5%B7%9E" title="メーガーラヤ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メーガーラヤ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Мегхали – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мегхали" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%98%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B3%E0%AD%9F" title="ମେଘାଳୟ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମେଘାଳୟ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" title="ਮੇਘਾਲਿਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੇਘਾਲਿਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="میگھالیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میگھالیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ميگالايا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ميگالايا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalaia" title="Megalaia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Megalaia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Мегхалая – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мегхалая" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="मेघालयराज्यम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मेघालयराज्यम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AD" title="ᱢᱮᱜᱷᱟᱞᱚᱭ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱮᱜᱷᱟᱞᱚᱭ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megh%C3%A1laj" title="Meghálaj – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Meghálaj" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Мегалаја – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мегалаја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalaja" title="Megalaja – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Megalaja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="மேகாலயா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேகாலயா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8F" title="Мегһалайя – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мегһалайя" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%98%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%AF" title="మేఘాలయ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మేఘాలయ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%86%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2" title="รัฐเมฆาลัย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐเมฆาลัย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Меғалая – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Меғалая" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%98%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%AF" title="ಮೇಘಾಲಯ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಮೇಘಾಲಯ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Мегхалая – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мегхалая" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81" title="میگھالیہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میگھالیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A6" title="梅加拉亚邦 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="梅加拉亚邦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Meghalaya" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%9E%E9%82%A6" title="梅加拉亞邦 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" 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<div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> 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text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Meghalaya&params=25.57_N_91.88_E_region:IN-AS_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°34′N</span> <span class="longitude">91°53′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.57°N 91.88°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">25.57; 91.88</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in northeastern India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the geological stage, see <a href="/wiki/Meghalayan" title="Meghalayan">Meghalayan</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Meghalaya" title="Special:EditPage/Meghalaya">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Meghalaya%22">"Meghalaya"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Meghalaya%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Meghalaya%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Meghalaya%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Meghalaya%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Meghalaya%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Meghalaya</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid black;width:280px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noakalikai_falls_1480244029215.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Noakalikai_falls_1480244029215.jpg/280px-Noakalikai_falls_1480244029215.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Noakalikai_falls_1480244029215.jpg/420px-Noakalikai_falls_1480244029215.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Noakalikai_falls_1480244029215.jpg/560px-Noakalikai_falls_1480244029215.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khrangsuri_waterfall,_Meghalaya_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Khrangsuri_waterfall%2C_Meghalaya_01.jpg/139px-Khrangsuri_waterfall%2C_Meghalaya_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Khrangsuri_waterfall%2C_Meghalaya_01.jpg/209px-Khrangsuri_waterfall%2C_Meghalaya_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Khrangsuri_waterfall%2C_Meghalaya_01.jpg/278px-Khrangsuri_waterfall%2C_Meghalaya_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tawny-Breasted_Wren-Babbler_(Spelaeornis_longicaudatus).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Tawny-Breasted_Wren-Babbler_%28Spelaeornis_longicaudatus%29.jpg/139px-Tawny-Breasted_Wren-Babbler_%28Spelaeornis_longicaudatus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Tawny-Breasted_Wren-Babbler_%28Spelaeornis_longicaudatus%29.jpg/209px-Tawny-Breasted_Wren-Babbler_%28Spelaeornis_longicaudatus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Tawny-Breasted_Wren-Babbler_%28Spelaeornis_longicaudatus%29.jpg/278px-Tawny-Breasted_Wren-Babbler_%28Spelaeornis_longicaudatus%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="596" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dawki_River,_Meghalaya,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Dawki_River%2C_Meghalaya%2C_India.jpg/280px-Dawki_River%2C_Meghalaya%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Dawki_River%2C_Meghalaya%2C_India.jpg/420px-Dawki_River%2C_Meghalaya%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Dawki_River%2C_Meghalaya%2C_India.jpg/560px-Dawki_River%2C_Meghalaya%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4556" data-file-height="2312" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Clockwise from top: <a href="/wiki/Nohkalikai_Falls" title="Nohkalikai Falls">Nohkalikai Falls</a>, Tawny Breasted Wren, <a href="/wiki/Umngot_River" title="Umngot River">Umngot River</a>, Khrangsuri waterfalls</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Meghalaya.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Meghalaya"><img alt="Official emblem of Meghalaya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/df/Emblem_of_Meghalaya.svg/125px-Emblem_of_Meghalaya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/df/Emblem_of_Meghalaya.svg/188px-Emblem_of_Meghalaya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/df/Emblem_of_Meghalaya.svg/250px-Emblem_of_Meghalaya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="188" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Meghalaya" title="Emblem of Meghalaya">Emblem of Meghalaya</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Etymology: Abode of the clouds</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_mottos" title="List of Indian state mottos">Motto</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IN-ML.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Meghalaya in India"><img alt="The map of India showing Meghalaya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/IN-ML.svg/300px-IN-ML.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/IN-ML.svg/450px-IN-ML.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/IN-ML.svg/600px-IN-ML.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="583" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Meghalaya in India</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Meghalaya&params=25.57_N_91.88_E_region:IN-AS_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°34′N</span> <span class="longitude">91°53′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.57°N 91.88°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">25.57; 91.88</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="height:0px"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before was</th><td class="infobox-data">Part of <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></td></tr><tr class="Part of [[Assam]] mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_foundation_days" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian state foundation days">Formation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">21 January 1972</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">and largest city</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Meghalaya" title="List of districts of Meghalaya">12</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Meghalaya" title="Government of Meghalaya">Government of Meghalaya</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Meghalaya" title="List of governors of Meghalaya">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C._H._Vijayashankar" title="C. H. Vijayashankar">C. H. Vijayashankar</a><sup id="cite_ref-Governor_2024_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Governor_2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Meghalaya" title="List of chief ministers of Meghalaya">Chief minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Sangma" title="Conrad Sangma">Conrad Sangma</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Party_(India)" title="National People's Party (India)">NPP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/State_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="State Legislature">State Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Unicameral</b></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly" title="Meghalaya Legislative Assembly">Meghalaya Legislative Assembly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly" title="Meghalaya Legislative Assembly">60 seats</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National Parliament</th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a></b></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Rajya_Sabha#Meghalaya" title="List of current members of the Rajya Sabha">1 seat</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha#Meghalaya" title="List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha">2 seats</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_India" title="High courts of India">High Court</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_High_Court" title="Meghalaya High Court">Meghalaya High Court</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">22,429 km<sup>2</sup> (8,660 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_area" title="List of states and union territories of India by area">24th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Length</th><td class="infobox-data">300 km (200 mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Width</th><td class="infobox-data">100 km (60 mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">900 m (3,000 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Lushai_Hills" title="Lushai Hills">Lushai Hills</a> section)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,965 m (6,447 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">150 m (490 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2011)<sup id="cite_ref-census2011Abstract_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011Abstract-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CensusIndia2011PCA12018_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusIndia2011PCA12018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2,966,889</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_population" title="List of states and union territories of India by population">22nd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">130/km<sup>2</sup> (300/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">20.07%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rural<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">79.93%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Meghalayans</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_with_official_status_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages with official status in India">Official</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><sup id="cite_ref-langoff_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-langoff-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Official_scripts_of_the_Indian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Official scripts of the Indian Republic">Official script</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2023-24)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a></span>0.466 lakh crore</span> (US$5.4 billion)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP" title="List of Indian states and union territories by GDP">27th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Neutral increase"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /></span></span><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a></span>112,736</span> (US$1,300) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Indian states and union territories by GDP per capita">29th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:30" title="UTC+05:30">UTC+05:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:IN" title="ISO 3166-2:IN">IN-ML</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Regional_Transport_Office_districts_in_India" title="List of Regional Transport Office districts in India">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ML</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2022)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Neutral increase"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /></span></span>0.704 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#0c0">High</span><sup id="cite_ref-snhdi-gdl_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snhdi-gdl-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Indian states and union territories by Human Development Index">17th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">Literacy</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2011)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 74.43% (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_literacy_rate" title="List of Indian states and union territories by literacy rate">24th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sex_ratio" title="Sex ratio">Sex ratio</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2011)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">989<a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">♀</a>/1000 <a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">♂</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_sex_ratio" title="List of states and union territories of India by sex ratio">3rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meghalaya.gov.in">meghalaya<wbr />.gov<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Symbols of Meghalaya</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Meghalaya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/df/Emblem_of_Meghalaya.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Meghalaya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/df/Emblem_of_Meghalaya.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Meghalaya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/df/Emblem_of_Meghalaya.svg/160px-Emblem_of_Meghalaya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="188" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Meghalaya" title="Emblem of Meghalaya">Emblem of Meghalaya</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="height:0px"></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hill_myna" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill myna">Hill myna</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paphiopedilum_insigne" title="Paphiopedilum insigne">Lady's Slipper Orchid</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Mammal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Clouded_leopard" title="Clouded leopard">Clouded leopard</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gmelina_arborea" title="Gmelina arborea">Gamhar</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>State highway mark</b></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SH_IN-ML.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/SH_IN-ML.png/90px-SH_IN-ML.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/SH_IN-ML.png/135px-SH_IN-ML.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/SH_IN-ML.png/180px-SH_IN-ML.png 2x" data-file-width="1538" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">State highway of Meghalaya <br /></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">List of Indian state symbols</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Meghalaya</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> "the abode of clouds"<sup id="cite_ref-Etymology_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Etymology-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">state</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">northeast India</a>. Meghalaya was formed on 21 January 1972 by carving out two districts from the state of <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>: (a) the United <a href="/wiki/Khasi_Hills" title="Khasi Hills">Khasi Hills</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jaintia_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaintia Hills">Jaintia Hills</a> and (b) the <a href="/wiki/Garo_Hills" title="Garo Hills">Garo Hills</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-meghis_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meghis-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The estimated population of Meghalaya in 2014 was 3,211,474.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meghalaya covers an area of approximately 22,429 square kilometres, with a length-to-breadth ratio of about 3:1.<sup id="cite_ref-ibef_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibef-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The state is bound to the south by the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladeshi</a> divisions of <a href="/wiki/Mymensingh_Division" title="Mymensingh Division">Mymensingh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sylhet_Division" title="Sylhet Division">Sylhet</a>, to the west by the Bangladeshi division of <a href="/wiki/Rangpur_Division" title="Rangpur Division">Rangpur</a>, and to the north and east by India's <a href="/wiki/State_of_Assam" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Assam">State of Assam</a>. The capital of Meghalaya is <a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British rule of India</a>, the British authorities nicknamed it the "Scotland of the East".<sup id="cite_ref-akrl_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akrl-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English is the official language of Meghalaya. Unlike many Indian states, Meghalaya has historically <a href="/wiki/Matrilineal_society_of_Meghalaya" title="Matrilineal society of Meghalaya">followed a matrilineal system</a> where the lineage and inheritance are traced through women; the youngest daughter inherits all wealth and she also takes care of her parents.<sup id="cite_ref-akrl_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akrl-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The state is the wettest region of India, with the wettest areas in the southern Khasi Hills recording an average of 12,000 mm (470 in) of rain a year.<sup id="cite_ref-ibef_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibef-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 70 per cent of the state is forested.<sup id="cite_ref-Meghalaya_and_Its_Forests_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meghalaya_and_Its_Forests-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_subtropical_forests" title="Meghalaya subtropical forests">Meghalaya subtropical forests</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregion</a> encompasses the state; its mountain forests are distinct from the lowland tropical forests to the north and south. The forests are notable for their <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a> of mammals, birds, and plants. </p><p>Meghalaya has a predominantly <a href="/wiki/Agrarian_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrarian economy">agrarian economy</a> with a significant commercial forestry industry. The important crops are potatoes, rice, maize, <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapples</a>, bananas, papayas, and spices. The service sector is made up of real estate and <a href="/wiki/Insurance_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurance companies">insurance companies</a>. Meghalaya's gross state domestic product for 2012 was estimated at <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>16,173 crore</span> (US$1.9 billion) in current prices.<sup id="cite_ref-pcindia_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcindia-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state is geologically rich in minerals, but it has no significant industries.<sup id="cite_ref-akrl_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akrl-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state has about 1,170 km (730 mi) of national highways. It is also a major logistical center for trade with Bangladesh.<sup id="cite_ref-ibef_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibef-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2018, the <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Stratigraphy" title="International Commission on Stratigraphy">International Commission on Stratigraphy</a> divided the <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> epoch into three,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the late Holocene being called the <i><a href="/wiki/Meghalayan" title="Meghalayan">Meghalayan</a> stage/age</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since a <a href="/wiki/Speleothem" title="Speleothem">speleothem</a> in <a href="/wiki/Caves_of_Meghalaya#List_of_twenty_longest_caves_in_Meghalaya" title="Caves of Meghalaya">Mawmluh cave</a> indicating a dramatic worldwide climate event around 2250 BCE had been chosen as the boundary <a href="/wiki/Stratotype" title="Stratotype">stratotype</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the biggest <a href="/wiki/List_of_institutes_funded_by_the_government_of_India" title="List of institutes funded by the government of India">Central Institutes</a>, the <a href="/wiki/North_Eastern_Council" title="North Eastern Council">North Eastern Council</a> Secretariat, is also situated in Shillong. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>Meghālaya</i> means "the abode of clouds"; the name derives from a compound of the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> words <i>megha</i> ("cloud", मेघ) and <i>alaya</i> ("abode", आलय)<sup id="cite_ref-Etymology_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Etymology-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Meitei_people_in_Meghalaya#History" title="Meitei people in Meghalaya">Meghalayan Manipuri history</a></div> <p>Meghalaya, alongside the neighbouring Indian states, has been of archaeological interest. People have lived in Meghalaya since the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic period">Neolithic period</a>. Neolithic sites discovered so far are located in areas of high elevation in <a href="/wiki/Khasi_Hills" title="Khasi Hills">Khasi Hills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garo_Hills" title="Garo Hills">Garo Hills</a> and in neighbouring states, where Neolithic style <i>jhum</i> or shifting cultivation is practised even today. The highland plateaus fed by abundant rains provided safety from floods and a rich soil.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The importance of Meghalaya is its possible role in human history via domestication of rice. A theory for the origin of rice is by Ian Glover while states, "India is the center of greatest diversity of domesticated rice with over 20,000 identified species and Northeast India is the most favorable single area of the origin of domesticated rice."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The limited archaeology done in the hills of Meghalaya suggest human settlement since ancient times.<sup id="cite_ref-skr_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skr-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Taraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquest of Taraf">Conquest of Taraf</a> in 1304, Shah Arifin Rafiuddin, a disciple of <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jalal" title="Shah Jalal">Shah Jalal</a>, migrated and settled in the <a href="/wiki/Khasi_and_Jaintia_Hills" title="Khasi and Jaintia Hills">Khasi and Jaintia Hills</a> where he preached <a href="/wiki/Islamic_monotheism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic monotheism">Islamic monotheism</a> to the local people. His <a href="/wiki/Khanqah" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanqah">khanqah</a> remains in Sarping / Laurergarh on the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladeshi</a> border but the part containing his <a href="/wiki/Mazar_(mausoleum)" title="Mazar (mausoleum)">mazar</a> is in Meghalaya on top of Laur Hill.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bhaitbari is an archaeological site first discovered and excavated by A. K. Sharma in 1993, a fortification of burnt brick with mud core was discovered at Meghalaya - Assam border and is dated to 4th-8th century AD, the city has been speculated to have been one of the capital cities of <a href="/wiki/Kamarupa" title="Kamarupa">Kamarupa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British discovered <i><a href="/wiki/Camellia_sinensis" title="Camellia sinensis">Camellia sinensis</a></i> (tea shrub) in 1834 in <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> and later companies started renting land from 1839 onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-Roy_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roy-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="garbled (August 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Khasi, Garo, and Jaintia tribes had their own kingdoms until they came under British administration in the 19th century. Later, the British incorporated Meghalaya into Assam in 1835.<sup id="cite_ref-akrl_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akrl-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region enjoyed semi-independent status by virtue of a treaty relationship with the British Crown. When Bengal was <a href="/wiki/1905_Partition_of_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="1905 Partition of Bengal">partitioned on 16 October 1905</a> by <a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Lord Curzon</a>, Meghalaya became a part of the new province of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bengal_and_Assam" title="Eastern Bengal and Assam">Eastern Bengal and Assam</a>. When the partition was reversed in 1912, Meghalaya became a part of the province of Assam. On 3 January 1921 in pursuance of Section 52A of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1919" title="Government of India Act 1919">Government of India Act of 1919</a>, the governor-general-in-council declared the areas now in Meghalaya, other than the Khasi states, as "backward tracts." Subsequently, the British administration enacted the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Government of India Act 1935</a>, which regrouped the backward tracts into two categories: "excluded" and "partially excluded" areas.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At the time of Indian independence in 1947, present-day Meghalaya constituted two districts of Assam and enjoyed limited autonomy within the state of Assam. A movement for a separate hill state began in 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-meghis_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meghis-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 11 September 1968, the Government of India announced a scheme for constituting an autonomous state within the state of Assam comprising certain areas specified in Part A of the table appended to paragraph 20 of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accordingly, the Assam Reorganisation (Meghalaya) Act of 1969 was enacted for the formation of an autonomous state.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meghalaya was formed by carving out two districts from the state of Assam: the United <a href="/wiki/Khasi_Hills" title="Khasi Hills">Khasi Hills</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jaintia_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaintia Hills">Jaintia Hills</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Garo_Hills" title="Garo Hills">Garo Hills</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-meghis_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meghis-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name 'Meghalaya' coined by geographer <a href="/wiki/Shiba_P._Chatterjee" title="Shiba P. Chatterjee">S.P. Chatterjee</a> in 1936 was proposed and accepted for the new state.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Act came into effect on 2 April 1970, with the autonomous state having a 37-member legislature in accordance with the Sixth Schedule to the Indian constitution. </p><p>In 1971, the Parliament passed the <a href="/wiki/North-Eastern_Areas_(Reorganisation)_Act,_1971" title="North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971">North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971</a>, which conferred full statehood on the autonomous state of Meghalaya. Meghalaya attained statehood on 21 January 1972, with a <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly" title="Meghalaya Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a> of its own.<sup id="cite_ref-meghis_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meghis-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meghalaya_Abode_of_the_Clouds_India_Nature_in_Laitmawsiang_Landscape.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Meghalaya_Abode_of_the_Clouds_India_Nature_in_Laitmawsiang_Landscape.jpg/220px-Meghalaya_Abode_of_the_Clouds_India_Nature_in_Laitmawsiang_Landscape.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Meghalaya_Abode_of_the_Clouds_India_Nature_in_Laitmawsiang_Landscape.jpg/330px-Meghalaya_Abode_of_the_Clouds_India_Nature_in_Laitmawsiang_Landscape.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Meghalaya_Abode_of_the_Clouds_India_Nature_in_Laitmawsiang_Landscape.jpg/440px-Meghalaya_Abode_of_the_Clouds_India_Nature_in_Laitmawsiang_Landscape.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4050" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>Laitmawsiang landscape, wrapped in fog. Meghalaya is mountainous, and it is the rainiest state of India. The word Meghalaya means, "abode of the clouds".</figcaption></figure> <p>Meghalaya is one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Sister_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Sister States">Seven Sister States</a> of northeast India. The state of Meghalaya is mountainous, with stretches of valley and highland plateaus, and it is geologically rich. It consists mainly of <a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean">Archean</a> rock formations. These rock formations contain rich deposits of valuable minerals like coal, <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sillimanite" title="Sillimanite">sillimanite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name Meghalaya was given by <a href="/wiki/Shiba_P._Chatterjee" title="Shiba P. Chatterjee">Shiba P. Chatterjee</a>, a geography professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meghalaya_in_India_(disputed_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Meghalaya_in_India_%28disputed_hatched%29.svg/220px-Meghalaya_in_India_%28disputed_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Meghalaya_in_India_%28disputed_hatched%29.svg/330px-Meghalaya_in_India_%28disputed_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Meghalaya_in_India_%28disputed_hatched%29.svg/440px-Meghalaya_in_India_%28disputed_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615" /></a><figcaption>Meghalaya in South Asia. It borders Assam and Bangladesh</figcaption></figure> <p>Meghalaya has many rivers. Most of these are rainfed and seasonal. The important rivers in the Garo Hills region are Ganol, Daring, Sanda, Bandra, Bugai, Dareng, <a href="/wiki/Simsang_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Simsang River">Simsang</a>, Nitai and the Bhupai. In the central and eastern sections of the plateau, the important rivers are Khri, Umtrew, Digaru, Umiam or Barapani, Kynshi (Jadukata), Umngi, Mawpa, Umiam Khwan, Umngot, Umkhen, Myntdu and Myntang. In the southern Khasi Hills region, these rivers have created deep gorges and several waterfalls.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tea_Plantation_Agriculture_in_Meghalaya_India_on_the_way_to_Shillong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tea_Plantation_Agriculture_in_Meghalaya_India_on_the_way_to_Shillong.jpg/220px-Tea_Plantation_Agriculture_in_Meghalaya_India_on_the_way_to_Shillong.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tea_Plantation_Agriculture_in_Meghalaya_India_on_the_way_to_Shillong.jpg/330px-Tea_Plantation_Agriculture_in_Meghalaya_India_on_the_way_to_Shillong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tea_Plantation_Agriculture_in_Meghalaya_India_on_the_way_to_Shillong.jpg/440px-Tea_Plantation_Agriculture_in_Meghalaya_India_on_the_way_to_Shillong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Farming on hilly terrain (tea plantation).</figcaption></figure> <p>The elevation of the plateau ranges between 150 m (490 ft) to 1,961 m (6,434 ft). The central part of the plateau comprising the <a href="/wiki/Khasi_Hills" title="Khasi Hills">Khasi Hills</a> has the highest elevations, followed by the eastern section comprising the <a href="/wiki/Jaintia_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaintia Hills">Jaintia Hills</a> region. The highest point in Meghalaya is Shillong Peak, which is a prominent <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">IAF</a> station in the Khasi Hills overlooking the city of Shillong. It has an altitude of 1961 m. The <a href="/wiki/Garo_Hills" title="Garo Hills">Garo Hills</a> region in the western section of the plateau is nearly plain. The highest point in the Garo Hills is Nokrek Peak with an altitude of 1515 m.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the average annual rainfall as high as 12,000 mm (470 in) in some areas, Meghalaya is the wettest place on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The western part of the plateau, comprising the Garo Hills region with lower elevations, experiences high temperatures for most of the year. The Shillong area, with the highest elevations, experiences generally low temperatures. The maximum temperature in this region rarely goes beyond 28 °C (82 °F),<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas sub-zero winter temperatures are common. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cherrapunji.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Cherrapunji.jpg/170px-Cherrapunji.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Cherrapunji.jpg/255px-Cherrapunji.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Cherrapunji.jpg/340px-Cherrapunji.jpg 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="934" /></a><figcaption>A sign board in Cherrapunji</figcaption></figure> <p>The town of Sohra (<a href="/wiki/Cherrapunji" title="Cherrapunji">Cherrapunji</a>) in the Khasi Hills south of capital Shillong holds the world record for most rain in a calendar month, while the village of <a href="/wiki/Mawsynram" title="Mawsynram">Mawsynram</a>, near Sohra (Cherrapunji), holds the record for the most rain in a year.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_subtropical_forests" title="Meghalaya subtropical forests">Meghalaya subtropical forests</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:174px;max-width:174px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grey_Peacock-Pheasant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Grey_Peacock-Pheasant.jpg/170px-Grey_Peacock-Pheasant.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Grey_Peacock-Pheasant.jpg/255px-Grey_Peacock-Pheasant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Grey_Peacock-Pheasant.jpg/340px-Grey_Peacock-Pheasant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="587" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_Hoolock_Gibbon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Female_Hoolock_Gibbon.jpg/170px-Female_Hoolock_Gibbon.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Female_Hoolock_Gibbon.jpg/255px-Female_Hoolock_Gibbon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Female_Hoolock_Gibbon.jpg/340px-Female_Hoolock_Gibbon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Meghalaya's forests host 660 species of birds<sup id="cite_ref-avibase_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avibase-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and numerous species of other wildlife. Peacock pheasant (top) and hoolock gibbon (bottom) are found in Meghalaya.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p>About 70% of the state is forested, of which 9,496 km<sup>2</sup> (3,666 sq mi) is dense primary subtropical forest.<sup id="cite_ref-Meghalaya_and_Its_Forests_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meghalaya_and_Its_Forests-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Meghalayan forests are considered to be among the richest botanical habitats of Asia. These forests receive abundant rainfall and support a vast variety of floral and faunal biodiversity. A small portion of the forest area in Meghalaya is under what are known as "<a href="/wiki/Sacred_grove" title="Sacred grove">sacred groves</a>" (see <a href="/wiki/Sacred_groves_of_India" title="Sacred groves of India">Sacred groves of India</a>). These are small pockets of an ancient forest that have been preserved by the communities for hundreds of years due to religious and cultural beliefs. These forests are reserved for religious rituals and generally remain protected from any exploitation. These sacred groves harbour many rare plant and animal species. The <a href="/wiki/Nokrek_Biosphere_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Nokrek Biosphere Reserve">Nokrek Biosphere Reserve</a> in the West Garo Hills and the <a href="/wiki/Balpakram_National_Park" title="Balpakram National Park">Balpakram National Park</a> in the South Garo Hills are considered to be the most biodiversity-rich sites in Meghalaya.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In addition, Meghalaya has three wildlife sanctuaries. These are the Nongkhyllem Wildlife Sanctuary, the Siju Sanctuary, and the Baghmara Sanctuary, which is also the home of the insect-eating <a href="/wiki/Pitcher_plant" title="Pitcher plant">pitcher plant</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Nepenthes_khasiana" title="Nepenthes khasiana">Nepenthes khasiana</a></i> also called "Me'mang Koksi" in the Garo language.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Due to diverse climatic and topographic conditions, Meghalaya forests support a vast floral diversity, including a large variety of <a href="/wiki/Parasite" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasite">parasites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epiphyte" title="Epiphyte">epiphytes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Succulent_plant" title="Succulent plant">succulent plants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrubs</a>. Two of the most important tree varieties are <i><a href="/wiki/Shorea_robusta" title="Shorea robusta">Shorea robusta</a></i> (sal tree) and <i><a href="/wiki/Tectona_grandis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectona grandis">Tectona grandis</a></i> (teak). Meghalaya is also the home to a large variety of fruits, vegetables, spices, and medicinal plants. Meghalaya is also famous for its large variety of orchids — nearly 325 of them. Of these, the largest variety is found in the Mawsmai, Mawmluh and Sohrarim forests in the Khasi hills. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nepenthes_khasiana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Nepenthes_khasiana.jpg/170px-Nepenthes_khasiana.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Nepenthes_khasiana.jpg/255px-Nepenthes_khasiana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Nepenthes_khasiana.jpg/340px-Nepenthes_khasiana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Nepenthes_khasiana" title="Nepenthes khasiana">Nepenthes khasiana</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Meghalaya also has a large variety of <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>, birds, <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptiles</a> and insects.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The important mammal species include elephants, bear, <a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">red pandas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_civet" title="Small Indian civet">small Indian civets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongooses" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongooses">mongooses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">weasels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">rodents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaur" title="Gaur">gaur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_Asian_water_buffalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild Asian water buffalo">wild buffalo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a> and a number of <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">primates</a>. Meghalaya also has a large variety of <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bats</a>. The limestone caves in Meghalaya such as the <a href="/wiki/Siju_Cave" title="Siju Cave">Siju Cave</a> are home to some of the nation's rarest bat species. The <a href="/wiki/Hoolock_gibbon" title="Hoolock gibbon">hoolock gibbon</a> is found in all districts of Meghalaya.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Common reptiles in Meghalaya are <a href="/wiki/Lizard" title="Lizard">lizards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crocodile" title="Crocodile">crocodiles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tortoise" title="Tortoise">tortoises</a>. Meghalaya also has a number of snakes including the <a href="/wiki/Pythonidae" title="Pythonidae">python</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radiated_ratsnake" title="Radiated ratsnake">copperhead</a>, green tree racer, <a href="/wiki/Indian_cobra" title="Indian cobra">Indian cobra</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_cobra" title="King cobra">king cobra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coral_snake" title="Coral snake">coral snake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viperidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Viperidae">vipers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meghalaya's forests host 660 species of birds, many of which are endemic to Himalayan foothills, <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. Of the birds found in Meghalaya forests, 34 are on worldwide threatened species list and 9 are on the critically endangered list.<sup id="cite_ref-avibase_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avibase-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prominent birds spotted in Meghalaya include those from the families of <a href="/wiki/Phasianidae" title="Phasianidae">Phasianidae</a>, Anatidae, Podicipedidae, Ciconiidae, Threskiornithidae, Ardeidae, Pelecanidae, Phalacrocoracidae, Anhingidae, Falconidae, Accipitridae, Otididae, Rallidae, Heliornithidae, Gruidae, Turnicidae, Burhinidae, Charadriidae, Glareolidae, Scolopacidae, Jacanidae, Columbidae, Psittacidae, Cuculidae, Strigidae, Caprimulgidae, Apodidae, Alcedinidae, Bucerotidae, Ramphastidae, Picidae, Campephagidae, Dicruridae, Corvidae, Hirundinidae, Cisticolidae, Pycnonotidae, Sylviidae, Timaliidae, Sittidae, Sturnidae, Turdidae, Nectariniidae and Muscicapidae.<sup id="cite_ref-avibase_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avibase-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each of these families have many species. The <a href="/wiki/Great_Indian_hornbill" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Indian hornbill">great Indian hornbill</a> is the largest bird in Meghalaya. Other regional birds found include the grey <a href="/wiki/Peacock_pheasant" class="mw-redirect" title="Peacock pheasant">peacock pheasant</a>, the large Indian parakeet and the common <a href="/wiki/Green_pigeon" title="Green pigeon">green pigeon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meghalaya is also home to over 250 species of butterflies, nearly a quarter of all butterfly species found in India. </p><p>In 2020, scientists have discovered the largest known subterranean fish in Meghalaya's <a href="/wiki/Khasi_and_Jaintia_Hills" title="Khasi and Jaintia Hills">Jaintia Hills</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Byrnihat has been ranked 38th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 3 population under 3 lakhs cities) in India.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Meghalayan_Manipuri_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Meghalayan Manipuri people">Meghalayan Manipuri people</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">340,524</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">394,005</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">422,404</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">480,820</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1941 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">555,820</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+15.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1951 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">605,674</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">769,380</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+27.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,011,699</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+31.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,335,819</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+32.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,774,778</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+32.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,318,822</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+30.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,966,889</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+27.9%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Census_of_India" title="Census of India">Census of India</a><sup id="cite_ref-Census_Population_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_Population-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Tribal people make up the majority of Meghalaya's population. The <a href="/wiki/Khasi_people" title="Khasi people">Khasis</a> are the largest group, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Garo_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Garo (tribe)">Garos</a> then the <a href="/wiki/Pnar_people" title="Pnar people">Jaintias</a>. These were among those known to the British as "<a href="/wiki/Hill_people#South-East_Asia" title="Hill people">hill tribes</a>." Other groups include the Bengali, <a href="/wiki/Hajong_people" title="Hajong people">Hajongs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Biate_people" title="Biate people">Biates</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Koch_people" title="Koch people">Koches</a> and related <a href="/wiki/Rajbongshi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajbongshi people">Rajbongshis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bodo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodo people">Boros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimasa_people" title="Dimasa people">Dimasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kuki</a>, Lakhar, <a href="/wiki/Tiwa_(Lalung)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiwa (Lalung)">Tiwa (Lalung)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karbi_people" title="Karbi people">Karbi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabha">Rabha</a> and <a href="/wiki/People_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="People of Nepal">Nepali</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Meghalaya recorded the highest decennial population growth of 27.82% among all the seven north-eastern states, as per the provisional report of census 2011. The population of Meghalaya as of 2011 has been estimated at 2,964,007 of which females constitute 1,492,668 and males 1,471,339. As per the census of India 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Human_sex_ratio" title="Human sex ratio">sex ratio</a> in the state was 986 females per 1,000 males which was far higher than the national average of 940. The urban female sex ratio of 985 was higher than the rural sex ratio of 972.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011.co.in_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011.co.in-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Meghalaya" title="Special:EditPage/Meghalaya">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Meghalaya" title="Christianity in Meghalaya">Christianity in Meghalaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Meghalaya" title="Hinduism in Meghalaya">Hinduism in Meghalaya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Niamtre" title="Niamtre">Niamtre</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Gray; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 4546.5510264193px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3535.8339851231px; border-left-color:magenta"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:magenta"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:magenta"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3385.2909620015px; border-left-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Gold"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1987.7609902728px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 295.70916367611px; border-left-color:lightgreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:lightgreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:lightgreen"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 83.898067034712px; border-left-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:99.966820224995px 2.5758210542519px 0 0; border-top-color:Dodgerblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Dodgerblue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Meghalaya (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Dodgerblue; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (74.59%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orange; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (11.52%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:lightgreen; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Tribal_religions_in_India" title="Tribal religions in India">Tribal religions</a> (8.70%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (4.39%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Gold; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (0.33%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:magenta; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> (0.02%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> (0.10%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Gray; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Others (0.35%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>Meghalaya is one of three states in India to have a Christian majority. About 75% of the population practices Christianity, with <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Anderson,_Indiana)" title="Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)">Church of God</a> the more common denominations.<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The religion of the people in Meghalaya is closely related to their ethnicity. Close to 90% of the <a href="/wiki/Garo_people" title="Garo people">Garo</a> and nearly 80% of the <a href="/wiki/Khasi_people" title="Khasi people">Khasi</a> are Christian, while more than 97% of the <a href="/wiki/Hajong_people" title="Hajong people">Hajong</a>, 98.53% of the <a href="/wiki/Koch_people" title="Koch people">Koch</a>, and 94.60% of the <a href="/wiki/Rabha_people" title="Rabha people">Rabha tribes</a> are Hindus. A minority of Garo and Khasi are also Hindus mainly because of the influence of Hindu populations in Hindu majority villages.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hindus are the largest religious minority in Meghalaya with 11.52% of the total state's population as of 2011 census<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hindus are concentrated mainly in <a href="/wiki/West_Garo_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="West Garo Hills">West Garo Hills</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Khasi_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="East Khasi Hills">East Khasi Hills</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ri-Bhoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ri-Bhoi">Ri-Bhoi</a> with 19.11 per cent, 17.55 per cent and 11.96 per cent respectively. The <a href="/wiki/Nartiang_Durga_Temple" title="Nartiang Durga Temple">Nartiang Durga Temple</a> is a major Hindu temple in Meghalaya and it is one of the 51 <a href="/wiki/Shakti_peethas" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakti peethas">Shakti peethas</a> on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indigenous Faiths is followed by 8.7 % of population. The indigenous faiths of Meghalaya are <a href="/wiki/Niamtre" title="Niamtre">Niamtre</a>, followed by Jaintia people,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Niam Khasi</i> and <i>Niam Tynrai</i>, followed by Khasi tribe and <a href="/wiki/Songsarek_religion" title="Songsarek religion">Songsarek</a> followed by the Garo people.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> constitute 4.39% of the population<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are concentrated mainly in <a href="/wiki/West_Garo_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="West Garo Hills">West Garo Hills</a>, where they make up 16.60% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conversion from indigenous to Christianity began in the 19th century during the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British colonial</a> era. In the 1830s, <a href="/wiki/American_Baptist_International_Ministries" class="mw-redirect" title="American Baptist International Ministries">American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society</a> had become active in Northeast India to convert indigenous tribes to Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, they were offered to expand and reach into Cherrapunji Meghalaya, but they declined out of the lack of resources. Taking up the offer, the Welsh Presbyterian Mission began work at the Cherrapunji mission field. By the early 1900s, other Protestant denominations of Christianity were active in Meghalaya. The outbreak of World Wars forced the preachers to return home to Europe and America. It is during this period that <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> took root in Meghalaya and neighbouring regions. In the 20th century, Union Christian College started operations at Umiam, Shillong. Currently, Presbyterians and Catholics are two most common Christian denominations found in Meghalaya.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Manipuri_language_in_Meghalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipuri language in Meghalaya">Manipuri language in Meghalaya</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Gray; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 146.94684108208px; border-left-color:salmon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:salmon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:salmon"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 123.2256427077px; border-left-color:khaki"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:khaki"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:khaki"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 103.19199492805px; border-left-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 84.112410080129px; border-left-color:deepskyblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:deepskyblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:deepskyblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 67.045312531323px; border-left-color:maroon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:maroon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:maroon"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 51.348900803604px; border-left-color:gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:gold"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:gold"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 6.9856657746218px; border-left-color:teal"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:teal"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:teal"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:82.42447983909px 56.62336199181px 0 0; border-top-color:limegreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:limegreen"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 61.886705135837px 100px 0; border-right-color:darkblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:darkblue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Languages of Meghalaya in 2011 <sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:darkblue; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Khasi_language" title="Khasi language">Khasi</a> (33.82%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:limegreen; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a> (31.60%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:teal; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Pnar_language" title="Pnar language">Pnar</a> (10.69%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:gold; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> (6.44%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:maroon; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a> (1.85%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:deepskyblue; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/War_language" title="War language">War</a> (1.73%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orange; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (1.62%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:khaki; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a> (1.40%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:salmon; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a> (1.34%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Gray; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Others (9.51%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>English is the official language of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most spoken languages in Meghalaya are <a href="/wiki/Khasi_language" title="Khasi language">Khasi</a> (33.82%) and <a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a> (31.60%) followed by <a href="/wiki/Pnar_language" title="Pnar language">Pnar</a> (10.69%), <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> (6.44%), <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a> (1.85%), <a href="/wiki/War_language" title="War language">War</a> (1.73%), <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (1.62%), <a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a> (1.40%) and <a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a> (1.34%).<sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khasi (also spelled Khasia, Khassee, Cossyah, and Kyi) is a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Khmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mon–Khmer">Mon–Khmer</a> family of the <a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Austroasiatic">Austroasiatic</a> stock and according to 2001 census, Khasi is spoken by about 1,128,575 people residing in Meghalaya. Many words in the Khasi language have been borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan languages</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>. Moreover, the Khasi language originally had no script of its own. The Khasi language is one of the very few surviving <a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Khmer_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Mon–Khmer languages">Mon–Khmer languages</a> in India today.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo language</a> has a close affinity with the <a href="/wiki/Bodo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodo language">Bodo languages</a>, a small family of <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman languages</a>. Garo, spoken by the majority of the population, is spoken in many dialects such as Abeng or Ambeng,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atong, Akawe (or Awe), Matchi Dual, Chibok, Chisak Megam or Lyngngam, Ruga, Gara-Ganching and Matabeng. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pnar_language" title="Pnar language">Pnar</a> is spoken by many people of <a href="/wiki/Jaintia_Hills_district" title="Jaintia Hills district">both the West and East Jaintia Hills</a>. The language is related to the Khasi language. Apart from the main languages, various local dialect are being spoken by the War Jaintia (West Jaintia Hills), Maram and Lynngam (West Khasi Hills), War Pynursla (East Khasi Hills), <a href="/wiki/Tiwa_(Lalung)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiwa (Lalung)">Tiwa language</a> by Tiwa peoples of Ri-Bhoi district. Another example is the <a href="/wiki/Biate_language" title="Biate language">Biate language</a> spoken by many people inhabiting the south-eastern part of Meghalaya bordering Assam.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan languages</a> like <a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a> are spoken by many people residing mostly in the <a href="/wiki/East_Khasi_Hills_district" title="East Khasi Hills district">East Khasi Hills district</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_Garo_Hills_district" title="West Garo Hills district">West Garo Hills district</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Census2011_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>English is spoken as a common language across the diverse ethnic and demographic groups. In urban centres most of the people can speak English; rural residents vary in their ability.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Districts">Districts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Meghalaya" title="List of districts of Meghalaya">List of districts of Meghalaya</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_Shillong_Meghalaya_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Aerial_view_of_Shillong_Meghalaya_India.jpg/230px-Aerial_view_of_Shillong_Meghalaya_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Aerial_view_of_Shillong_Meghalaya_India.jpg/345px-Aerial_view_of_Shillong_Meghalaya_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Aerial_view_of_Shillong_Meghalaya_India.jpg/460px-Aerial_view_of_Shillong_Meghalaya_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3180" data-file-height="3645" /></a><figcaption>An aerial view of the state capital, Shillong.</figcaption></figure> <p>Meghalaya currently has 12 districts.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Jaintia Hills Division:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Jaintia_Hills_district" title="West Jaintia Hills district">West Jaintia Hills</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jowai" title="Jowai">Jowai</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Jaintia_Hills_district" title="East Jaintia Hills district">East Jaintia Hills</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khliehriat" title="Khliehriat">Khliehriat</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>Khasi Hills Division:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Khasi_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="East Khasi Hills">East Khasi Hills</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Khasi_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="West Khasi Hills">West Khasi Hills</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nongstoin" title="Nongstoin">Nongstoin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Khasi_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="South West Khasi Hills">South West Khasi Hills</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mawkyrwat" title="Mawkyrwat">Mawkyrwat</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ri-Bhoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ri-Bhoi">Ri-Bhoi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nongpoh" title="Nongpoh">Nongpoh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_West_Khasi_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern West Khasi Hills">Eastern West Khasi Hills</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mairang" title="Mairang">Mairang</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>Garo Hills Division:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Garo_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="North Garo Hills">North Garo Hills</a> (<a href="/wiki/Resubelpara" title="Resubelpara">Resubelpara</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Garo_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="East Garo Hills">East Garo Hills</a> (<a href="/wiki/Williamnagar" title="Williamnagar">Williamnagar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Garo_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="South Garo Hills">South Garo Hills</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baghmara,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghmara, India">Baghmara</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Garo_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="West Garo Hills">West Garo Hills</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tura,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Tura, India">Tura</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Garo_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="South West Garo Hills">South West Garo Hills</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ampati" title="Ampati">Ampati</a>)</li></ul> <p>The <b>Jaintia Hills</b> district was created on 22 February 1972. It has a total geographical area of 3,819 square kilometres (1,475 sq mi) and a population of 295,692 as per the 2001 census. The district headquarters is in <a href="/wiki/Jowai" title="Jowai">Jowai</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jaintia_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaintia Hills">Jaintia Hills</a> district is the largest producer of coal in the state. Coal mines can be seen all over the district. <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">Limestone</a> production in the state is increasing, as there is high demand from cement industries. Recently, the one big district was divided into two: West Jaintia Hills and East Jaintia Hills </p><p>The <b>East Khasi Hills</b> district was carved out of the Khasi Hills on 28 October 1976. The district has covered an area of 2,748 square kilometres (1,061 sq mi) and has a population of 660,923 as per the 2001 census. The headquarters of East Khasi Hills is located in Shillong. </p><p>The <b>Ri-Bhoi</b> district was formed by the further division of East Khasi Hills district on 4 June 1992. It has an area of 2,448 square kilometres (945 sq mi). The total population of the district was 192,795 in the 2001 census. The district headquarters is at <a href="/wiki/Nongpoh" title="Nongpoh">Nongpoh</a>. It has a hilly terrain, and a large part of the area is covered with forests. The Ri-Bhoi district is known for its pineapples and is the largest producer of pineapples in the state. </p><p>The <b>West Khasi Hills</b> district is the largest district in the state with a geographical area of 5,247 square kilometres (2,026 sq mi). The district was carved out of Khasi Hills District on 28 October 1976. The district headquarters are located at <a href="/wiki/Nongstoin" title="Nongstoin">Nongstoin</a>. </p><p>The <b>East Garo Hills</b> district was formed in 1976 and has a population of 247,555 as per the 2001 census. It covers an area of 2,603 square kilometres (1,005 sq mi). The District Headquarters are at <a href="/wiki/Williamnagar" title="Williamnagar">Williamnagar</a>, earlier known as Simsangiri. <a href="/wiki/Nongalbibra" title="Nongalbibra">Nongalbibra</a>, a town in this district, has many coal mines. The coal is transported to <a href="/wiki/Goalpara" title="Goalpara">Goalpara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jogighopa" title="Jogighopa">Jogighopa</a> via <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_62_(India,_old_numbering)" title="National Highway 62 (India, old numbering)">NH62</a>. </p><p>The <b>West Garo Hills</b> district lies in the western part of the state and covers a geographical area of 3,714 square kilometres (1,434 sq mi). The population of the district is 515,813 as per the 2001 census. The district headquarters are located at <a href="/wiki/Tura,_Meghalaya" title="Tura, Meghalaya">Tura</a>. </p><p>The <b>South Garo Hills</b> district came into existence on 18 June 1992 after the division of the West Garo Hills district. The total geographical area of the district is 1,850 square kilometres (710 sq mi). As per the 2001 census the district has a population of 99,100. The district headquarters are at <a href="/wiki/Baghmara,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghmara, India">Baghmara</a>. </p><p>In 2012, there were 11 districts, 16 towns and an estimated 6,026 villages in Meghalaya.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 12th district, Eastern West Khasi Hills, was created in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The table below shows the <a href="/wiki/Human_development_index" class="mw-redirect" title="Human development index">human development index</a> of various districts of Meghalaya, as of 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-OGD_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OGD-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Human development index (HDI) of various districts of Meghalaya, as of 2021<sup id="cite_ref-OGD_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OGD-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank</th> <th>District</th> <th>HDI score </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>East Khasi Hills</td> <td>0.676 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>West Garo Hills</td> <td>0.571 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Ri Bhoi</td> <td>0.496 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>South Garo Hills</td> <td>0.484 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>Jaintia Hills</td> <td>0.469 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>West Khasi Hills</td> <td>0.405 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>East Garo Hills</td> <td>0.396 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Meghalaya</td> <td>0.550 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Meghalaya" title="Education in Meghalaya">Education in Meghalaya</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IIM,_Shillong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/IIM%2C_Shillong.jpg/220px-IIM%2C_Shillong.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/IIM%2C_Shillong.jpg/330px-IIM%2C_Shillong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/IIM%2C_Shillong.jpg/440px-IIM%2C_Shillong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4632" data-file-height="2608" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management,_Shillong" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Management, Shillong">Indian Institute of Management, Shillong</a> Campus</figcaption></figure> <p>Meghalaya schools are run by the state government or by private organisations, including religious institutions. Instruction is only in English. Other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Indian languages</a> like Assamese, Bengali, Garo, Hindi, Khasi, Mizo, Nepali and Urdu are taught as optional subjects. The secondary schools are affiliated with the council for the <a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Indian_School_Certificate_Examinations" title="Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations">Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Board_for_Secondary_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Board for Secondary Education">Central Board for Secondary Education</a> (CBSE), the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Open_Schooling" title="National Institute of Open Schooling">National Institute of Open School (NIOS)</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Board_of_School_Education" title="Meghalaya Board of School Education">Meghalaya Board of School Education</a>. </p><p>Under the 10+2+3 plan, after completing secondary school, students typically enroll for two years in a junior college, also known as pre-university, or in schools with a higher secondary facility affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Board_of_School_Education" title="Meghalaya Board of School Education">Meghalaya Board of School Education</a> or any central board. Students choose from one of three streams: liberal arts, commerce or science. Upon completing the required coursework, students may enroll in general or professional degree programs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges">Colleges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Colleges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NEHU_campus,_Mawlai,_Shillong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/NEHU_campus%2C_Mawlai%2C_Shillong.jpg/220px-NEHU_campus%2C_Mawlai%2C_Shillong.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/NEHU_campus%2C_Mawlai%2C_Shillong.jpg/330px-NEHU_campus%2C_Mawlai%2C_Shillong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/NEHU_campus%2C_Mawlai%2C_Shillong.jpg/440px-NEHU_campus%2C_Mawlai%2C_Shillong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4632" data-file-height="2608" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/North-Eastern_Hill_University" title="North-Eastern Hill University">North-Eastern Hill University</a> Campus, Mawlai, Shillong</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acheng_Rangmanpa_College" title="Acheng Rangmanpa College">Acheng Rangmanpa College</a>, Mahendraganj</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Bosco_College,_Tura" title="Don Bosco College, Tura">Don Bosco College, Tura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management,_Shillong" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Management, Shillong">Indian Institute of Management, Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiang_Nangbah_Government_College" title="Kiang Nangbah Government College">Kiang Nangbah Government College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jowai" title="Jowai">Jowai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Keane_College" title="Lady Keane College">Lady Keane College</a>, Shillong</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Technology,_Meghalaya" title="National Institute of Technology, Meghalaya">National Institute of Technology, Meghalaya</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Fashion_Technology" title="National Institute of Fashion Technology">National Institute of Fashion Technology</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Adventist_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Adventist College">Northeast Adventist College</a>, Thadlaskien</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Eastern_Indira_Gandhi_Regional_Institute_of_Health_and_Medical_Sciences" title="North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences">North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Eastern_Institute_of_Ayurveda_and_Homeopathy" title="North Eastern Institute of Ayurveda and Homeopathy">North Eastern Institute of Ayurveda and Homeopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nongtalang_College" title="Nongtalang College">Nongtalang College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nongtalang" title="Nongtalang">Nongtalang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nongstoin_College" title="Nongstoin College">Nongstoin College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nongstoin" title="Nongstoin">Nongstoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_Laban_College" title="Raid Laban College">Raid Laban College</a>, Shillong</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Regional Institute of Science and Technology">Regional Institute of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ri-Bhoi_College" title="Ri-Bhoi College">Ri-Bhoi College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nongpoh" title="Nongpoh">Nongpoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Edmund%27s_College,_Shillong" title="St. Edmund's College, Shillong">St. Edmund's College, Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev_College" title="Sankardev College">Sankardev College</a>, Shillong</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seng_Khasi_College" title="Seng Khasi College">Seng Khasi College</a>, Shillong</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong_College" title="Shillong College">Shillong College</a>, Shillong</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong_Commerce_College" title="Shillong Commerce College">Shillong Commerce College</a>, Shillong</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong_Law_College" title="Shillong Law College">Shillong Law College</a>, Shillong</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohra_Government_College" title="Sohra Government College">Sohra Government College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherrapunjee" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherrapunjee">Cherrapunjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_College" title="Synod College">Synod College</a>, Shillong</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikrikilla_College" title="Tikrikilla College">Tikrikilla College</a>, Tikrikilla W.Garo Hills</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tura_Government_College" title="Tura Government College">Tura Government College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tura,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Tura, India">Tura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tura_Law_College" title="Tura Law College">Tura Law College</a>, Tura</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Christian_College,_Meghalaya" title="Union Christian College, Meghalaya">Union Christian College, Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_College,_Shillong" title="Women's College, Shillong">Women's College, Shillong</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities">Universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_English_and_Foreign_Languages_University" class="mw-redirect" title="The English and Foreign Languages University">The English and Foreign Languages University</a>, Shillong Campus<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_Christian_University" title="Martin Luther Christian University">Martin Luther Christian University</a>, Meghalaya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Eastern_Hill_University" class="mw-redirect" title="North Eastern Hill University">North Eastern Hill University</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Eastern_Hill_University" class="mw-redirect" title="North Eastern Hill University">NEHU</a>), <a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno_Global_University" title="Techno Global University">Techno Global University</a>, Meghalaya<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Technology_and_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Technology and Management">University of Technology and Management</a>, Meghalaya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Science_and_Technology,_Meghalaya" title="University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya">University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya</a> (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Science_and_Technology_Meghalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Science and Technology Meghalaya">USTM</a>), Meghalaya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Carey_University,_Meghalaya" title="William Carey University, Meghalaya">William Carey University, Meghalaya</a>, Shillong</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMJ_University" title="CMJ University">CMJ University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorabat" title="Jorabat">Jorabat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Technology,_Meghalaya" title="National Institute of Technology, Meghalaya">National Institute of Technology, Meghalaya</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Meghalaya" title="Government of Meghalaya">Government of Meghalaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly" title="Meghalaya Legislative Assembly">Meghalaya Legislative Assembly</a></div> <p>Meghalaya's Governor is <a href="/wiki/C._H._Vijayashankar" title="C. H. Vijayashankar">C. H. Vijayashankar</a> since July 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-Governor_2024_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Governor_2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_government">State government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: State government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly" title="Meghalaya Legislative Assembly">Meghalaya Legislative Assembly</a> has 60 members at present. Meghalaya has two representatives in the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>, one each from Shillong and Tura. It also has one representative in the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>. </p><p>Since the creation of the state the <a href="/wiki/Gauhati_High_Court" title="Gauhati High Court">Gauhati High Court</a> has jurisdiction in Meghalaya. A Circuit Bench of the Guwahati High Court has been functioning at Shillong since 1974. In March 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_High_Court" title="Meghalaya High Court">Meghalaya High Court</a> was separated from the Gauhati High Court and now the state has its own High Court. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_self-government">Local self-government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Local self-government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NE_Autonomous_divisions_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/NE_Autonomous_divisions_of_India.svg/220px-NE_Autonomous_divisions_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/NE_Autonomous_divisions_of_India.svg/330px-NE_Autonomous_divisions_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/NE_Autonomous_divisions_of_India.svg/440px-NE_Autonomous_divisions_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Autonomous District Councils in Northeast India</figcaption></figure> <p>To provide local self-governance machinery to the rural population of the country, provisions were made in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>; accordingly, the <a href="/wiki/Panchayati_Raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Panchayati Raj">Panchayati Raj</a> institutions were set up. Because of distinct customs and traditions prevalent in the northeast region, it was felt necessary to have a separate political and administrative structure in the region.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some of the tribal communities in the region had their own traditional political systems, and it was felt that Panchayati Raj institutions may come into conflict with these traditional systems. The Sixth Schedule was appended to the Constitution on the recommendations of a subcommittee formed under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Gopinath_Bordoloi" title="Gopinath Bordoloi">Gopinath Bordoloi</a>, and the constitution of <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of India">Autonomous District Councils</a> is provided in certain rural areas of the northeast including areas in Meghalaya. The ADCs in Meghalaya are the following: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garo_Hills_Autonomous_District_Council" title="Garo Hills Autonomous District Council">Garo Hills Autonomous District Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_Hills_Autonomous_District_Council" title="Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council">Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaintia_Hills_Autonomous_District_Council" title="Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council">Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meghalaya is predominantly an <a href="/wiki/Agrarian_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrarian economy">agrarian economy</a>. Agriculture and allied activities engage nearly two-thirds of the total workforce in Meghalaya. This sector's contribution to the state's NSDP is about one-third. Agriculture in the state is characterised by low productivity and unsustainable farm practices. Despite the large percentage of the population engaged in agriculture, the state imports food from other Indian states.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Infrastructural constraints have also prevented the economy of the state from creating high-income jobs at a pace commensurate with that of the rest of India. </p><p>Meghalaya's gross state domestic product for 2012 was estimated at <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>16,173 crore</span> (US$1.9 billion) in current prices.<sup id="cite_ref-pcindia_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcindia-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2012, according to the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a>, about 12% of total state population is below the poverty line, with 12.5% of the rural Meghalaya population is below the poverty line; while in urban areas, 9.3% are below the poverty line.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tea_Plantation_Agriculture_in_Meghalaya_India_on_the_way_to_Shillong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tea_Plantation_Agriculture_in_Meghalaya_India_on_the_way_to_Shillong.jpg/220px-Tea_Plantation_Agriculture_in_Meghalaya_India_on_the_way_to_Shillong.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tea_Plantation_Agriculture_in_Meghalaya_India_on_the_way_to_Shillong.jpg/330px-Tea_Plantation_Agriculture_in_Meghalaya_India_on_the_way_to_Shillong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Tea_Plantation_Agriculture_in_Meghalaya_India_on_the_way_to_Shillong.jpg/440px-Tea_Plantation_Agriculture_in_Meghalaya_India_on_the_way_to_Shillong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Tea Plantation in Meghalaya, on the way to Shillong</figcaption></figure> <p>Meghalaya is basically an agricultural state with about 80% of its population depending entirely on agriculture for their livelihood. Nearly 10% of the geographical area of Meghalaya is under cultivation. Agriculture in the state is characterised by limited use of modern techniques, low yields, and low productivity. As a result, despite the vast majority of the population being engaged in agriculture, the contribution of agricultural production to the state's GDP is low, and most of the population engaged in agriculture remain poor. A portion of the cultivated area is under the traditional <a href="/wiki/Shifting_cultivation" title="Shifting cultivation">shifting agriculture</a> known locally as <i>Jhum cultivation</i>. </p><p>Meghalaya produced 230,000 tonnes of food grains in 2001. Rice is the dominant food grain crop accounting for over 80% of the food grain production in the state. Other important food grain crops are maize, wheat, and a few other cereals and pulses. Besides these, potato, <a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">turmeric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">black pepper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">areca nut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">Bay leaf</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_tamala" title="Cinnamomum tamala">Cinnamomum tamala</a>), betel, short-staple cotton, <a href="/wiki/Jute" title="Jute">jute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesta" title="Mesta">mesta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mustard_plant" title="Mustard plant">mustard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rapeseed" title="Rapeseed">rapeseed</a> etc. are some of the important cash crops. Besides the major food crops of rice and maize, the state is renowned for its horticultural crops like orange, lemon, pineapple, guava, litchi, banana, jack fruits and fruits such as plum, pear, and peach.<sup id="cite_ref-Horticulture_Crops_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horticulture_Crops-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agriculture_in_Kukon_Meghalaya_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Agriculture_in_Kukon_Meghalaya_India.jpg/220px-Agriculture_in_Kukon_Meghalaya_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Agriculture_in_Kukon_Meghalaya_India.jpg/330px-Agriculture_in_Kukon_Meghalaya_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Agriculture_in_Kukon_Meghalaya_India.jpg/440px-Agriculture_in_Kukon_Meghalaya_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Agriculture in Kukon, Meghalaya</figcaption></figure> <p>Grains and staples production covers about 60% of the land area dedicated to crops. With the introduction of different crops of high yielding varieties in the mid-1970s, a remarkable increase in food grain production has been made. A major breakthrough was achieved when high yielding varieties of paddy<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as Masuri, Pankaj IR 8, RCPL and other improved varieties series – especially IR 36 which is suitable for Rabi season – allowing three crops to be grown every year. Another milestone was reached when Megha I and Megha II, which are cold tolerant rice varieties developed by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Council_of_Agricultural_Research" title="Indian Council of Agricultural Research">ICAR</a> North East Region at Umroi near Shillong, was released in 1991–92 for the higher altitude regions where there was no high yielding rice varieties earlier. Today the state can claim that about 42% area under paddy has been covered with high yielding varieties with the average productivity of 2,300 kg/ha (2,100 lb/acre). As is the case with maize and wheat where the productivity has increased tremendously with the introduction of HYV from 534 kg/ha (476 lb/acre) during 1971–72 to 1,218 kg/ha (1,087 lb/acre) of maize and from 611 kg/ha (545 lb/acre) to 1,490 kg/ha (1,330 lb/acre) of wheat.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oilseeds such as rapeseed, mustard, linseed, soybean, castor, and sesame are grown on nearly 100 km<sup>2</sup> (39 sq mi). Rape and mustard are the most important oilseeds<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> accounting for well over two-thirds of the oilseed production of nearly 6.5 thousand tonnes. Fiber crops such as cotton, jute, and <i>mesta</i> are among the only cash crops in Meghalaya, grown in Garo Hills.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These have been losing popularity in recent years as indicated by their declining yield and area under cultivation. </p><p>Climatic conditions in Meghalaya permit a large variety of horticulture crops including fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, mushrooms, and medicinal plants.<sup id="cite_ref-Horticulture_Crops_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horticulture_Crops-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are considered to be higher value crops, but home food security concerns have prevented farmers at large from embracing them. The important fruits grown include citrus fruits, pineapples, papayas, and bananas. In addition to this, a large variety of vegetables are grown in the state, including cauliflower, cabbages, and radishes. </p><p>Areca nut plantations can be seen all over the state, especially around the road from <a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a> to <a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a>. Other plantation crops like tea, coffee and <a href="/wiki/Cashews" class="mw-redirect" title="Cashews">cashews</a> have been introduced lately and are becoming common. A large variety of spices, flowers, <a href="/wiki/Medicinal_plants" title="Medicinal plants">medicinal plants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mushrooms" class="mw-redirect" title="Mushrooms">mushrooms</a> are grown in the state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cement_Plant_MCL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cement_Plant_MCL.jpg/220px-Cement_Plant_MCL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cement_Plant_MCL.jpg/330px-Cement_Plant_MCL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cement_Plant_MCL.jpg/440px-Cement_Plant_MCL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>View of MCL Cement plant, Thangskai, P.O. Lumshnong, Jaintia Hills</figcaption></figure> <p>Meghalaya has a rich base of <a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">natural resources</a>. These include minerals such as coal, <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sillimanite" title="Sillimanite">sillimanite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaolin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaolin">Kaolin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> among others. Meghalaya has a large forest cover, rich biodiversity, and numerous water bodies. The low level of industrialisation and the relatively poor infrastructure base acts as an impediment to the exploitation of these natural resources in the interest of the state's economy. In recent years two large cement manufacturing plants with production capacity more than 900 MTD have come up in Jaintia Hills district and several more are in pipeline to use the rich deposit of very high-quality limestone available in this district. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electricity_infrastructure">Electricity infrastructure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Electricity infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mawphlang_Dam_Reservoir_Meghalaya_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Mawphlang_Dam_Reservoir_Meghalaya_India.jpg/220px-Mawphlang_Dam_Reservoir_Meghalaya_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Mawphlang_Dam_Reservoir_Meghalaya_India.jpg/330px-Mawphlang_Dam_Reservoir_Meghalaya_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Mawphlang_Dam_Reservoir_Meghalaya_India.jpg/440px-Mawphlang_Dam_Reservoir_Meghalaya_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Meghalaya has abundant but undeveloped hydroelectric resources. Above is Mawphlang hydroelectric dam reservoir.</figcaption></figure> <p>Meghalaya, with its high mountains, deep gorges, and abundant rains has a large, unused hydroelectric potential. The assessed generation capacity exceeds 3000 MW. The current installed capacity in the state is 185 MW, but the state itself consumes 610 MW. In other words, it imports electricity.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The economic growth of the state suggests rising demand for electricity. The state has the potential to export net hydroelectric-generated electricity and earn income for its internal development plans. The state also has large deposits of coal, thus being a candidate for thermal power plants. </p><p>Several projects are under works. The proposed Garo Hills thermal project at Nangalbibra is expected to generate an additional 751 MW of power. There is a proposal for setting up a 250 MW thermal power plant in West Khasi Hills. The State Government aims to increase its power generation output by about 2000-2500 MW, of which 700-980 MW will be thermal based while 1400-1520 MW will be hydroelectricity. The State Government has outlined a cost-shared public-private partnership model to accelerate private sector investments in its power sector.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The generation transmission, transformation and distribution of electricity is entrusted to the Meghalaya Energy Corporation Limited which was constituted under the Electricity Supply Act, 1948. At present, there are five hydel power stations and one mini hydel including Umiam Hydel Project, Umtrew Hydel Project, Myntdu-Leshka-I Hydel Project, and the Sunapani Micro Hydel (SESU) Project. </p><p>For the 12th five-year plan of India, there is a proposal to set up more hydel power projects in the state: Kynshi (450 MW), Umngi −1 (54 MW), Umiam-Umtru -V (36 MW), Ganol (25 MW), Mawphu (120 MW), Nongkolait (120 MW), Nongnaw (50 MW), Rangmaw (65 MW), Umngot (260 MW), Umduna (57 MW), Myntdu-Leshka-II (60 MW), Selim (170 MW) and Mawblei (140 MW).<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of these, Jaypee Group has committed itself to building the Kynshi and Umngot projects in Khasi hills.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_infrastructure">Education infrastructure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Education infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_edmunds_school.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/St_edmunds_school.jpg/220px-St_edmunds_school.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/St_edmunds_school.jpg/330px-St_edmunds_school.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/St_edmunds_school.jpg/440px-St_edmunds_school.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="679" /></a><figcaption>St. Edmund's School, Shillong</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Meghalaya" title="Education in Meghalaya">Education in Meghalaya</a></div> <p>Meghalaya had a literacy rate of 62.56 as per the 2001 census and is the 27th most literate state in India. This increased to 75.5 in 2011. As of 2006, the state had 5851 primary schools, 1759 middle schools, and 655 higher secondary schools respectively. In 2008, 518,000 students were enrolled in its primary schools, and 232,000 in upper primary schools. The state monitors its school for quality, access, infrastructure and teachers training.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Institution for higher studies like <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Shillong" title="Indian Institute of Management Shillong">Indian Institute of Management</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Science_and_Technology,_Meghalaya" title="University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya">University of Technology and Management</a> (USTM) which is in Shillong is the first Indian university to introduce <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> engineering as a field of study, in collaboration with IBM and the University of Petroleum and Energy Studies. IIM Shillong is one of the top ranked management institutes in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_infrastructure">Health infrastructure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Health infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The state has 13 state government dispensaries, 22 community health centres, 93 primary health centres, 408 sub-centres. There were 378 doctors, 81 pharmacists, 337 staff nurses and 77 lab technicians as of 2012. A special program has been launched by the state government for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">leprosy</a>, cancer and <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental diseases</a>. Though there has been a steady decline in the death rate, improvement in life expectancy and an increase in health infrastructure, about 42.3% of the state's population is still uncovered by health care, according to the status paper prepared by the Health Department. There are numerous hospitals being set up, both private and government, some of them are Civil Hospital, Ganesh Das Hospital, K.J.P. Synod Hospital, <a href="/wiki/NEIGRIHMS" class="mw-redirect" title="NEIGRIHMS">NEIGRIHMS</a>, North Eastern Institute of <a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a> & <a href="/wiki/Homoeopathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Homoeopathy">Homoeopathy</a> (NEIAH), R P Chest Hospital, Wood Land Hospital, Nazareth Hospital, Christian Hospital etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urban_areas">Urban areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Urban areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Municipalities:</b> <a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tura,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Tura, India">Tura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jowai" title="Jowai">Jowai</a></li> <li><b>Municipal boards:</b> <a href="/wiki/Williamnagar" title="Williamnagar">Williamnagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resubelpara" title="Resubelpara">Resubelpara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baghmara,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghmara, India">Baghmara</a></li> <li><b>Cantonment board:</b> <a href="/wiki/Shillong_Cantonment" title="Shillong Cantonment">Shillong Cantonment</a> (Umroi)</li> <li><b>Town committees:</b> <a href="/wiki/Nongstoin" title="Nongstoin">Nongstoin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nongpoh" title="Nongpoh">Nongpoh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mairang" title="Mairang">Mairang</a></li> <li><b>Census towns:</b> <a href="/wiki/Mawlai" title="Mawlai">Mawlai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madanrting" title="Madanrting">Madanrting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nongthymmai" title="Nongthymmai">Nongthymmai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nongmynsong" title="Nongmynsong">Nongmynsong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pynthorumkhrah" title="Pynthorumkhrah">Pynthorumkhrah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherrapunjee" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherrapunjee">Sohra/Cherrapunjee</a>, Pynursla</li> <li><b>Minor towns:</b> <a href="/wiki/Khliehriat" title="Khliehriat">Khliehriat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mawkyrwat" title="Mawkyrwat">Mawkyrwat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ampati" title="Ampati">Ampati</a></li> <li><b>Areas under Shillong Urban Agglomeration:</b> <a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shillong_Cantonment" title="Shillong Cantonment">Shillong Cantonment</a>/Umroi, <a href="/wiki/Mawlai" title="Mawlai">Mawlai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madanrting" title="Madanrting">Madanrting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nongthymmai" title="Nongthymmai">Nongthymmai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nongmynsong" title="Nongmynsong">Nongmynsong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pynthorumkhrah" title="Pynthorumkhrah">Pynthorumkhrah</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_proposal_for_urban_areas">New proposal for urban areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: New proposal for urban areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Municipal corporations: </b> <a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Shillong_Cantonment" title="Shillong Cantonment">Shillong Cantonment</a>/Umroi, <a href="/wiki/Mawlai" title="Mawlai">Mawlai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madanrting" title="Madanrting">Madanrting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nongthymmai" title="Nongthymmai">Nongthymmai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nongmynsong" title="Nongmynsong">Nongmynsong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pynthorumkhrah" title="Pynthorumkhrah">Pynthorumkhrah</a>)</li> <li><b>Municipalities: </b> <a href="/wiki/Tura,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Tura, India">Tura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jowai" title="Jowai">Jowai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Williamnagar" title="Williamnagar">Williamnagar</a></li> <li><b>Municipal boards: </b> <a href="/wiki/Resubelpara" title="Resubelpara">Resubelpara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baghmara,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghmara, India">Baghmara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nongstoin" title="Nongstoin">Nongstoin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nongpoh" title="Nongpoh">Nongpoh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mairang" title="Mairang">Mairang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khliehriat" title="Khliehriat">Khliehriat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mawkyrwat" title="Mawkyrwat">Mawkyrwat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ampati" title="Ampati">Ampati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherrapunjee" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherrapunjee">Sohra/Cherrapunjee</a></li> <li><b>Town committees: </b> Pynursla</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_society">Culture and society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Culture and society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main tribes in Meghalaya are the <a href="/wiki/Khasi_people" title="Khasi people">Khasis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Garo_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Garo (tribe)">Garos</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Synteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Synteng">Jaintias</a>. Each tribe has its own culture, traditions, dress, and language. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_institutions">Social institutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Social institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GARO_TRADITIONAL_DRESS-9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/GARO_TRADITIONAL_DRESS-9.jpg/220px-GARO_TRADITIONAL_DRESS-9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/GARO_TRADITIONAL_DRESS-9.jpg/330px-GARO_TRADITIONAL_DRESS-9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/GARO_TRADITIONAL_DRESS-9.jpg/440px-GARO_TRADITIONAL_DRESS-9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="819" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Garo_people" title="Garo people">Garo</a> Couple in traditional dress.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Matrilineal_society_of_Meghalaya" title="Matrilineal society of Meghalaya">Matrilineal society of Meghalaya</a></div> <p>The majority of the population and the major tribal groups in Meghalaya follow a <a href="/wiki/Matrilineal" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrilineal">matrilineal</a> system where lineage and inheritance are traced through women. The youngest daughter inherits all the property and she is the caretaker of aged parents and any unmarried siblings.<sup id="cite_ref-akrl_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akrl-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cases, such as when there is no daughter in the family or other reasons, the parents may nominate another girl such as a daughter in law as the heir of the house and all other property they may own. </p><p>The Khasi and Jaintia tribesmen follow the traditional matrilineal norm, wherein the <i>Khun Khatduh</i> (or the youngest daughter) inherits all the property and responsibilities for the family. The male line, particularly the mother's brother, may indirectly control the ancestral property since he may be involved in important decisions relating to property including its sale and disposal. In case a family has no daughters, the Khasi and Jaintia (also called Syntengs) have the custom of <i>ia rap iing</i>, where the family adopts a girl from another family, perform religious ceremonies with the community, and she then becomes <i>ka trai iing</i> (head of the house).<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Garo lineage system, the youngest daughter inherits the family property by default, unless another daughter is so named by the parents. She then becomes designated as <i>nokna</i> meaning 'for the house or home'. If there are no daughters, a chosen daughter-in-law (<i>bohari</i>) or an adopted child (<i>deragata</i>) comes to stay in the house and inherit the property. This adopted girl child is then the head of the house.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Meghalaya has one of the world's largest surviving matrilineal cultures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_society">Civil society</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Civil society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meghalaya's <a href="/wiki/Civil_society" title="Civil society">civil society</a> considers the people of the state as a collective community that exists through <a href="/wiki/Civil_society_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil society organisation">civil society organisations</a> (CSOs), and serves the general interests of the public.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These organisations include a wide spectrum of <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-government organisations (NGOs)</a>, other community associations, and foundations. The current status of Meghalaya's civil society and the effectiveness of the many programs is debated by scholars. </p><p>There are currently over 181 NGOs within Meghalaya that vary from charities to volunteer services and social empowerment groups.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most civil society organisations are also ethnically affiliated as the interests of different groups are championed between each organisation . This in turn causes them to become representatives of ethnic communities around the state since the same individuals from such communities also participate in corresponding organisations that protect their ethnic interests. Three student organisations that represent the major ethnic groups of Meghalaya: <a href="/wiki/Seng_Khasi_Movement" title="Seng Khasi Movement">Khasi Students' Union</a> (KSU), Jantia Students' Union (JSU), and Garo Students' Union (GSU) embody this example into their overall functions as CSOs by applying pressure to local government in order to ensure that certain rights are being met.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There also exists many forms of community associations that revolve around the idea of community building. This includes examples such as sports, religious, educational, and other clubs that aim to establish individuals into different social circles based on their interests.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Philanthropic foundations in Meghalaya's civil society strive for the overall well-being of its citizens. The <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Foundation_of_India" title="Public Health Foundation of India">Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI)</a> has recently partnered with the government of Meghalaya to improve public health in many rural parts of the state by first strengthening the abilities of non-government organisations to perform such services.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scholars are divided on the effectiveness Meghalaya's civil society. Some argue for its important role in state development through CSOs, while others point out that their impact is not only limited from above by the central government and its military, but also from below by insurgent groups .<sup id="cite_ref-:3_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Concerns over national security, such as the unification of neighbouring hostile countries and local insurgent groups for a possible attack on the Indian state, has served as the longstanding point of emphasis on how the Indian Central Government operates in the Northeast. Different administrative programs have been created to establish peace and stability in this region through economic development.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_(Special_Powers)_Act" title="Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act">Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA)</a> that was passed in 1958 by the Indian Government granted the Indian Army exclusive powers to maintain order in this area. Many insurgent organisations were also developed alongside cultural and political movements, making it very difficult to distinguish them from what constitutes a civil society.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two factors have combined to enable CSOs to be easily deemed as insurgencies and grouped with other insurgent organisations that were banned by the government, thus restricting Meghalaya's civil society as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_85-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_political_institutions">Traditional political institutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Traditional political institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All the three major ethnic tribal groups, namely, the Khasis, Jaintias and the Garos also have their own traditional political institutions that have existed for hundreds of years. These political institutions were fairly well developed and functioned at various tiers, such as the village level, clan level, and state level.<sup id="cite_ref-prtg66_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prtg66-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the traditional political system of the Khasis, each clan has its own council known as the <i>Dorbar Kur</i> which is presided over by the clan headman. The council or the Dorbar managed the internal affairs of the clan. Similarly, every village has a local assembly known as the <i>Dorbar Shnong</i>, i.e. village Durbar or council, which is presided over by the village headman. The inter-village issues were dealt with through a political unit comprising adjacent Khasi Villages. The local political units are known as the raids, under by the supreme political authority is known as the <i>Syiemship</i>. The Syiemship is the congregation of several raids and is headed an elected chief known as the <i>Syiem</i> or <i>Siem</i> (the king).<sup id="cite_ref-prtg66_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prtg66-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Siem rules the Khasi state through an elected State Assembly, known as the Durbar Hima. The Siem also has his <i>mantris</i> (ministers) whose counsel he would use in exercising executive responsibilities. Taxes were called <i>pynsuk</i>, and tolls were called <i>khrong</i>, the latter being the primary source of state income. In the early 20th century, Raja Dakhor Singh was the Siem of Khymir.<sup id="cite_ref-prtg66_88-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prtg66-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Meghalaya<br />festival<sup id="cite_ref-dacmegh_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dacmegh-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Local<br />calendar month </th> <th>Vedic<br />calendar month </th> <th>Gregorian<br />calendar month </th></tr> <tr> <td>Den'bilsia </td> <td>Polgin </td> <td>Phalgun </td> <td>February </td></tr> <tr> <td>A'siroka </td> <td>Chuet </td> <td>Chaitra </td> <td>March </td></tr> <tr> <td>A' galmaka </td> <td>Pasak </td> <td>Vaisakha </td> <td>April </td></tr> <tr> <td>Miamua </td> <td>Asal </td> <td>Asharha </td> <td>June </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rongchugala </td> <td>Bado </td> <td>Bhadra </td> <td>August </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ahaia </td> <td>Asin </td> <td>Ashwin </td> <td>September </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wangala </td> <td>Gate </td> <td>Kartika </td> <td>October </td></tr> <tr> <td>Christmas </td> <td>Posi </td> <td>Pausha </td> <td>December </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Jaintias also have a three-tier political system somewhat similar to the Khasis, including the Raids and the Syiem.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The raids are headed by <i>Dolois</i>, who are responsible for performing the executive and ceremonial functions at the Raid level. At the lowest level are the village headmen. Each administrative tier has its own elected councils or durbars. </p><p>In the traditional political system of the Garos, a group of Garo villages form the A·king. The A·king functions under the supervision of the <i>Nokmas</i>, which is perhaps the only political and administrative authority in the political institution of the Garos. The Nokma performs both judicial and legislative functions. The Nokmas also congregates to address inter-A·king issues. There are no well-organised councils or durbars among the Garos.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Help_of_Christians_Cathedral,_Shillong_%E2%80%93_Front_Side_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Mary_Help_of_Christians_Cathedral%2C_Shillong_%E2%80%93_Front_Side_%282%29.jpg/200px-Mary_Help_of_Christians_Cathedral%2C_Shillong_%E2%80%93_Front_Side_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Mary_Help_of_Christians_Cathedral%2C_Shillong_%E2%80%93_Front_Side_%282%29.jpg/300px-Mary_Help_of_Christians_Cathedral%2C_Shillong_%E2%80%93_Front_Side_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Mary_Help_of_Christians_Cathedral%2C_Shillong_%E2%80%93_Front_Side_%282%29.jpg/400px-Mary_Help_of_Christians_Cathedral%2C_Shillong_%E2%80%93_Front_Side_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Mary Help of Christians Cathedral, Shillong</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></dt></dl> <p>Being a Christian majority state, Christmas is one of the biggest festivals of Meghalaya, celebrated in almost all of the parts of the state—villages, towns with great fervour and enthusiasm by native Christian Tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entire state comes alive with Christmas trees, carols and lights during 25 December. Shillong and Cherrapunji are best destination for tourists who want to see and celebrate Christmas.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dance_of_Meghalaya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Dance_of_Meghalaya.jpg/220px-Dance_of_Meghalaya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Dance_of_Meghalaya.jpg/330px-Dance_of_Meghalaya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Dance_of_Meghalaya.jpg/440px-Dance_of_Meghalaya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Dance of Meghalaya</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Khasis</dt></dl> <p>Dance is central to the culture of Khasi life, and a part of the <a href="/wiki/Rites_of_passage" class="mw-redirect" title="Rites of passage">rites of passage</a>. Dances are performed in <i>Shnong</i> (village), a <i>Raid</i> (group of villages), and a <i>Hima</i> (conglomeration of Raids). Some festivals includes Ka Shad Suk Mynsiem, Ka Pom-Blang Nongkrem, Ka-Shad Shyngwiang-Thangiap, Ka-Shad-Kynjoh Khaskain, Ka Bam Khana Shnong, Umsan Nongkharai, Shad Beh Sier.<sup id="cite_ref-dacmegh_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dacmegh-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Jaintias</dt></dl> <p>Festivals of the Jaintia Hills, like others, is integral to the culture of people of Jaintia Hills. It celebrates nature, balance and solidarity among its people. Festivals of Jaintias includes Behdienkhlam, Laho Dance, Sowing Ritual Ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-dacmegh_89-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dacmegh-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Garos</dt></dl> <p>For Garos, festivals sustain their cultural heritage. They were often dedicated to religious events, nature and seasons as well as community events such as stages of <i>jhum</i> cultivation. The main festivals of Garos are Den Bilsia, Wangala, Rongchu gala, Mi Amua, Mangona, Grengdik BaA, Jamang Sia, Ja Megapa, Sa Sat Ra Chaka, Ajeaor Ahaoea, Dore Rata Dance, Chambil Mesara, Do'KruSua, Saram Cha'A, A Se Mania or Tata.<sup id="cite_ref-dacmegh_89-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dacmegh-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Hajongs</dt></dl> <p>Hajongs celebrate traditional festivals and Hindu festivals. The entire plain belt of Garo Hills is inhabited by the Hajongs, they are an agrarian tribe. Major traditional festivals include <a href="/wiki/Pusn%C3%A2" title="Pusnâ">Pusne'</a>, Biswe', Kati Gasa, Bastu Puje' and Chor Maga. </p> <dl><dt>Biates</dt></dl> <p>The Biates had many kinds of festivals, including Nûlding Kût, Pamchar Kût, Lebang Kût and Favang Kût, for different occasions. They no longer practise or observe most, except Nûlding Kût ("renewal of life") every January, with singing, dancing and traditional games. A priest (thiampu) prays to Chung Pathian to bless Biates in every sphere of life. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spirituality">Spirituality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Spirituality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In southern Meghalaya, located in <a href="/wiki/Mawsynram" title="Mawsynram">Mawsynram</a>, is the Mawjymbuin cave. Here a massive stalagmite has been shaped by nature into a <a href="/wiki/Shivalinga" class="mw-redirect" title="Shivalinga">Shivalinga</a>. According to legend, from the 13th century, this Shivalinga (called <i>Hatakeswarat</i>) has existed in the <a href="/wiki/Jaintia_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaintia Hills">Jaintia Hills</a> under the reign of Ranee Singa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoy1981139_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoy1981139-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tens of thousands of the Jaintia tribe members participate over the Hindu festival of <a href="/wiki/Shivratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Shivratri">Shivratri</a> (<i>Night of Lord Shiva</i>) every year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoy1981132_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoy1981132-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Living_root_bridges">Living root bridges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Living root bridges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Living_root_bridges,_Nongriat_village,_Meghalaya2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Living_root_bridges%2C_Nongriat_village%2C_Meghalaya2.jpg/278px-Living_root_bridges%2C_Nongriat_village%2C_Meghalaya2.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Living_root_bridges%2C_Nongriat_village%2C_Meghalaya2.jpg/417px-Living_root_bridges%2C_Nongriat_village%2C_Meghalaya2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Living_root_bridges%2C_Nongriat_village%2C_Meghalaya2.jpg/556px-Living_root_bridges%2C_Nongriat_village%2C_Meghalaya2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Double-Decker Living root bridge, Nongriat village.</figcaption></figure> <p>The practice of creating <a href="/wiki/Living_root_bridges" class="mw-redirect" title="Living root bridges">living root bridges</a> can be found in Meghalaya. Here, functional, living, architecture is created by slowly training the <a href="/wiki/Aerial_root" title="Aerial root">aerial roots</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ficus_elastica" title="Ficus elastica">Ficus elastica</a> (rubber tree). Examples of these structures can be found as far west as the valley east of <a href="/wiki/Mawsynram" title="Mawsynram">Mawsynram</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-The_Living_Root_Bridge_Project_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Living_Root_Bridge_Project-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as far east as the East Jaintia Hills District,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning that they are made by both Khasis and Jaintias. Large numbers<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of these man-made living structures exist in the mountainous terrain along the southern border of the <a href="/wiki/Shillong_Plateau" title="Shillong Plateau">Shillong Plateau</a>, though as a cultural practice they are fading, with many individual examples having disappeared recently, either falling in landslides or floods or being replaced with more standard steel bridges.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partition of the country</a> in 1947 created severe infrastructural constraints for the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeastern region</a>, with merely 2% of the perimeter of the region adjoining the rest of the country. A narrow strip of land often called the <a href="/wiki/Siliguri_Corridor" title="Siliguri Corridor">Siliguri Corridor</a> or the Chicken's Neck, connects the region with the state of <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>. Meghalaya is a landlocked state with many small settlements in remote areas. The road is the only means of transport. While the capital <a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a> is relatively well connected, road connectivity in most other parts is relatively poor. A significant portion of the roads in the state is still unpaved. Most of the arrivals into the Meghalaya take place through <a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a> in neighbouring Assam, which is nearly 103 km away. Assam has a major railhead as well as an airport with regular train and air services to the rest of the country. </p><p>When Meghalaya was carved out of Assam as an autonomous state in 1972, it inherited a total road length of 2786.68 km including 174 km of National Highways with road density of 12.42 km per 100 square kilometre. By 2004, total road length has reached up to 9,350 km out of which 5,857 km were surfaced. The road density had increased to 41.69 km per 100 square kilometre by March 2011. Meghalaya is far below the national average of 75 km per 100 km<sup>2</sup>. To provide better services to the people of the state, the Meghalaya Public Works Department is taking steps for improvement and up-gradation of the existing roads and bridges in phased manner.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_Highway_5_Cherapunjee_Meghalaya_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="State Highway 5 near Cherapunjee, Meghalaya"><img alt="State Highway 5 near Cherapunjee, Meghalaya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/State_Highway_5_Cherapunjee_Meghalaya_India.jpg/151px-State_Highway_5_Cherapunjee_Meghalaya_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/State_Highway_5_Cherapunjee_Meghalaya_India.jpg/226px-State_Highway_5_Cherapunjee_Meghalaya_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/State_Highway_5_Cherapunjee_Meghalaya_India.jpg/301px-State_Highway_5_Cherapunjee_Meghalaya_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">State Highway 5 near Cherapunjee, Meghalaya</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 238.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shillong_Bypass_road.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shillong Bypass road"><img alt="Shillong Bypass road" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Shillong_Bypass_road.jpg/358px-Shillong_Bypass_road.jpg" decoding="async" width="239" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Shillong_Bypass_road.jpg/538px-Shillong_Bypass_road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Shillong_Bypass_road.jpg/716px-Shillong_Bypass_road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shillong Bypass road</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 238.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shillong_Airport_terminal_building_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shillong Airport"><img alt="Shillong Airport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Shillong_Airport_terminal_building_4.jpg/358px-Shillong_Airport_terminal_building_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="239" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Shillong_Airport_terminal_building_4.jpg/537px-Shillong_Airport_terminal_building_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Shillong_Airport_terminal_building_4.jpg/715px-Shillong_Airport_terminal_building_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Shillong_Airport" title="Shillong Airport">Shillong Airport</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 238.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Highway_6_to_Guwahati.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="National Highway 6"><img alt="National Highway 6" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/National_Highway_6_to_Guwahati.jpg/358px-National_Highway_6_to_Guwahati.jpg" decoding="async" width="239" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/National_Highway_6_to_Guwahati.jpg/537px-National_Highway_6_to_Guwahati.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/National_Highway_6_to_Guwahati.jpg/715px-National_Highway_6_to_Guwahati.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="2296" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">National Highway 6</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 238.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Highway_6_Toll_Plaza.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="National Highway 6 Toll Plaza"><img alt="National Highway 6 Toll Plaza" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/National_Highway_6_Toll_Plaza.jpg/358px-National_Highway_6_Toll_Plaza.jpg" decoding="async" width="239" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/National_Highway_6_Toll_Plaza.jpg/537px-National_Highway_6_Toll_Plaza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/National_Highway_6_Toll_Plaza.jpg/715px-National_Highway_6_Toll_Plaza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="2296" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">National Highway 6 Toll Plaza</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_network">Road network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Road network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meghalaya has a road network of around 7,633 km, out of which 3,691 km is black-topped and the remaining 3942 km is gravelled. Meghalaya is also connected to Silchar in Assam, Aizawl in Mizoram, and Agartala in Tripura through national highways. Many private buses and taxi operators carry passengers from Guwahati to Shillong. The journey takes from 3 to 4 hours. Day and night bus services are available from Shillong to all major towns of Meghalaya and also other capitals and important towns of Assam and the northeastern states. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meghalaya has a railhead at <a href="/wiki/Mendipathar_railway_station" title="Mendipathar railway station">Mendipathar</a> and regular train service connecting <a href="/wiki/Dudhnoi_-_Mendipathar_Rail_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Dudhnoi - Mendipathar Rail Line">Mendipathar</a> in Meghalaya and <a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a> in <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, has started on 30 November 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Cherra_Companyganj_State_Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cherra Companyganj State Railways">The Cherra Companyganj State Railways</a> was a former mountain railway through the state.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guwahati (103 kilometres (64 mi) from Shillong) is the nearest major railway station connecting the north-east region with the rest of the country through a broad gauge track network. There is a plan for extending the rail link from Guwahati to Byrnihat (20 kilometres (12 mi) from Guwahati) within Meghalaya and further extending it up to state capital <a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aviation">Aviation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Aviation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>State capital Shillong has an airport at <a href="/wiki/Shillong_Airport" title="Shillong Airport">Umroi</a> 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Shillong on the Guwahati-Shillong highway. A new terminal building was built at a cost of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>30 crore</span> (US$3.5 million) and inaugurated in June 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Air_India_Regional" class="mw-redirect" title="Air India Regional">Air India Regional</a> operates flights to Kolkata from this airport. There is also a helicopter service connecting Shillong to Guwahati and Tura. <a href="/wiki/Baljek_Airport" title="Baljek Airport">Baljek Airport</a> near <a href="/wiki/Tura,_Meghalaya" title="Tura, Meghalaya">Tura</a> became operational in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Airports_Authority_of_India" title="Airports Authority of India">Airports Authority of India</a> (AAI) is developing the airport for operation of <a href="/wiki/ATR_42" title="ATR 42">ATR 42</a>/<a href="/wiki/ATR_72" title="ATR 72">ATR 72</a> type of aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other nearby airports are in Assam, with <a href="/wiki/Lokpriya_Gopinath_Bordoloi_International_Airport" title="Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport">Borjhar, Guwahati</a> airport (IATA: GAU), about 124 kilometres (77 mi) from Shillong. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Meghalaya" title="Special:EditPage/Meghalaya">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_North_East_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in North East India">Tourism in North East India</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elephanta_Falls.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Elephanta_Falls.JPG/220px-Elephanta_Falls.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Elephanta_Falls.JPG/330px-Elephanta_Falls.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Elephanta_Falls.JPG/440px-Elephanta_Falls.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Elephant Falls</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Near_Krang_Suri_Waterfall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Near_Krang_Suri_Waterfall.jpg/220px-Near_Krang_Suri_Waterfall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Near_Krang_Suri_Waterfall.jpg/330px-Near_Krang_Suri_Waterfall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Near_Krang_Suri_Waterfall.jpg/440px-Near_Krang_Suri_Waterfall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Krang Suri Waterfall</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Umiam_Lake,_Shillong,_Meghalaya,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Umiam_Lake%2C_Shillong%2C_Meghalaya%2C_India.jpg/220px-Umiam_Lake%2C_Shillong%2C_Meghalaya%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Umiam_Lake%2C_Shillong%2C_Meghalaya%2C_India.jpg/330px-Umiam_Lake%2C_Shillong%2C_Meghalaya%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Umiam_Lake%2C_Shillong%2C_Meghalaya%2C_India.jpg/440px-Umiam_Lake%2C_Shillong%2C_Meghalaya%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Umiam Lake, Shillong, Meghalaya, India</figcaption></figure> <p>Until 1955, foreign tourists required special permits to enter the areas that now constitute the state of Meghalaya, which are sometimes compared to Scotland for their highlands, fog and scenery.<sup id="cite_ref-akrl_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akrl-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meghalaya has some of the thickest primary forests in the country and therefore constitutes one of the most important ecotourism circuits in India. The Meghalaya subtropical forests support a vast variety of flora and fauna. The state has two national parks and three wildlife sanctuaries. </p><p>Meghalaya also offers many adventure tourism opportunities in the form of mountaineering, rock climbing, trekking, and hiking, <a href="/wiki/Caving" title="Caving">caving</a> (spelunking) and water sports. The state offers several trekking routes, some of which also afford an opportunity to encounter rare animals. The <a href="/wiki/Umiam_Lake" title="Umiam Lake">Umiam Lake</a> has a water sports complex with facilities such as rowboats, paddleboats, sailing boats, cruise-boats, water-scooters, and speedboats. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cherrapunji" title="Cherrapunji">Cherrapunji</a> is a tourist destination in north-east of India. It lies to the south of the capital Shillong. A rather scenic 50-kilometre long road connects Cherrapunji with Shillong. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Living_root_bridges" class="mw-redirect" title="Living root bridges">Living root bridges</a> are also a tourist draw, with many examples located near Cherrapunji.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Double-Decker root bridge, along with several others, is found in the village of <a href="/wiki/Nongriat" title="Nongriat">Nongriat</a>, which is tourist friendly. Many other root bridges can be found nearby, in the villages of Nongthymmai, Mynteng, and Tynrong.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Living_Root_Bridge_Project_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Living_Root_Bridge_Project-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other areas with root bridges include Riwai village, near the tourist village of <a href="/wiki/Mawlynnong" title="Mawlynnong">Mawlynnong</a>, Pynursla, especially the villages of Rangthyllaing and Mawkyrnot, and the area around <a href="/wiki/Dawki" title="Dawki">Dawki</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/West_Jaintia_Hills_district" title="West Jaintia Hills district">West Jaintia Hills district</a>, where there are many living root bridges scattered throughout the nearby villages.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Waterfalls and rivers</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:458px;max-width:458px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nohkalikai_Falls_Cherrapunji.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Nohkalikai_Falls_Cherrapunji.JPG/300px-Nohkalikai_Falls_Cherrapunji.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Nohkalikai_Falls_Cherrapunji.JPG/450px-Nohkalikai_Falls_Cherrapunji.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Nohkalikai_Falls_Cherrapunji.JPG/600px-Nohkalikai_Falls_Cherrapunji.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Multiple drops of Nohkalikai Falls</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Elegant_Nohkalikai_Falls_during_a_summer_sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/The_Elegant_Nohkalikai_Falls_during_a_summer_sunset.jpg/150px-The_Elegant_Nohkalikai_Falls_during_a_summer_sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/The_Elegant_Nohkalikai_Falls_during_a_summer_sunset.jpg/225px-The_Elegant_Nohkalikai_Falls_during_a_summer_sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/The_Elegant_Nohkalikai_Falls_during_a_summer_sunset.jpg/300px-The_Elegant_Nohkalikai_Falls_during_a_summer_sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="5760" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Main drop of Nohkalikai Falls</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Nohkalikai_Falls" title="Nohkalikai Falls">Nohkalikai Falls</a> is one of the tallest plunge type waterfalls in India and on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-database_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-database-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p>The most visited waterfalls in the state include the <a href="/wiki/Elephant_Falls" title="Elephant Falls">Elephant Falls</a>, Shadthum Falls, Weinia falls, Bishop Falls, <a href="/wiki/Nohkalikai_Falls" title="Nohkalikai Falls">Nohkalikai Falls</a>, Langshiang Falls and Sweet Falls.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The hot springs at Jakrem near <a href="/wiki/Mawsynram" title="Mawsynram">Mawsynram</a> are believed to have curative and medicinal properties. </p><p>Nongkhnum Island located in the West Khasi Hills district is the biggest river island in Meghalaya and the second biggest in Asia. It is 14 kilometres from Nongstoin. The island is formed by the bifurcation of Kynshi River into the Phanliang River and the Namliang River. Adjacent to the sandy beach the Phanliang River forms a lake. The river then moves along and before reaching a deep gorge, forms a waterfall about 60 meters high called Shadthum Fall. </p> <dl><dt>Sacred groves</dt></dl> <p>Meghalaya is also known for its "sacred groves". They are small or large areas of forests or natural vegetation that are usually dedicated to local folk deities or tree spirits or some religious symbolism over many generations, often since ancient times. These spaces are found all over India, are protected by local communities, and in some cases, the locals would neither touch leaves or fruits or in other ways damage the forest, flora or fauna taking refuge in them. This guardianship creates a sacred area where nature and wildlife thrive. The Mawphlang sacred forest, also known as "Law Lyngdoh," is one of the most famous sacred forests in Meghalaya. It's located about 25 kilometres from Shillong. It's a scenic nature destination, and one can find the sacred <a href="/wiki/Rudraksha" title="Rudraksha">Rudraksha</a> tree here.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Rural areas</dt></dl> <p>Meghalaya rural life and villages offer a glimpse in northeast mountain life.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles"><span title="The tone or style of material in the vicinity of this tag may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. (August 2020)">tone</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Mawlynnong" title="Mawlynnong">Mawlynnong</a> village located near the India-Bangladesh border is one such village. It has been featured by travel magazine <i>Discover India</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-megtourism_eco_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-megtourism_eco-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The village is geared for tourism and has a <a href="/wiki/Simple_suspension_bridge" title="Simple suspension bridge">Living Root Bridges</a>, hiking trails and rock formations. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Umiam_Lake_-_by_Vikramjit_Kakati.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Umiam_Lake_-_by_Vikramjit_Kakati.png/200px-Umiam_Lake_-_by_Vikramjit_Kakati.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Umiam_Lake_-_by_Vikramjit_Kakati.png/300px-Umiam_Lake_-_by_Vikramjit_Kakati.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Umiam_Lake_-_by_Vikramjit_Kakati.png/400px-Umiam_Lake_-_by_Vikramjit_Kakati.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="405" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Near_Shillong_Meghalaya_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Near_Shillong_Meghalaya_India.jpg/200px-Near_Shillong_Meghalaya_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Near_Shillong_Meghalaya_India.jpg/300px-Near_Shillong_Meghalaya_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Near_Shillong_Meghalaya_India.jpg/400px-Near_Shillong_Meghalaya_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4010" data-file-height="3007" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Umiam_Lake,_Shillong,_Meghalaya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Umiam_Lake%2C_Shillong%2C_Meghalaya.jpg/200px-Umiam_Lake%2C_Shillong%2C_Meghalaya.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Umiam_Lake%2C_Shillong%2C_Meghalaya.jpg/300px-Umiam_Lake%2C_Shillong%2C_Meghalaya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Umiam_Lake%2C_Shillong%2C_Meghalaya.jpg/400px-Umiam_Lake%2C_Shillong%2C_Meghalaya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Umaim lake (top & bottom) and scenery near Shillong.</div></div></div></div> <dl><dt>Lakes</dt></dl> <p>Meghalaya also has many natural and manmade lakes. The Umiam Lake (popularly known as Bara Pani meaning Big water) on the Guwahati-Shillong road is a major tourism attraction for tourist. Meghalaya has several parks; Thangkharang Park, the Eco-park, the Botanical Garden and Lady Hydari Park to name a few. <a href="/wiki/Dawki" title="Dawki">Dawki</a>, which is located at about 96 Kilometres from Shillong is the gateway to Bangladesh and affords a scenic view of some of the tallest mountain ranges in Meghalaya and the Bangladesh borderlands. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thadlaskein_Lake" title="Thadlaskein Lake">Thadlaskein Lake</a> also <i>Pung Sajar Nangli</i> is the only historical Lake of Meghalaya. It is located besides National Highway 6 by the side of a small village called Mukhla village which falls under <a href="/wiki/West_Jaintia_Hills_district" title="West Jaintia Hills district">West Jaintia Hills district</a> <a href="/wiki/Jowai" title="Jowai">Jowai</a>. It is about 35 mile from the city of Shillong </p><p>Balpakram National Park with its pristine habitat and scenery is a major attraction.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nokrek National Park, also in Garo Hills has its own charm with a lot of wildlife.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Caves</dt></dl> <p>Meghalaya has an estimated 500 natural limestone and sandstone caves spread over the entire state including most of the longest and deepest caves in the sub-continent. <a href="/wiki/Krem_Liat_Prah" title="Krem Liat Prah">Krem Liat Prah</a> is the longest cave, and Synrang Pamiang is the deepest cave. Both are located in the Jaintia Hills. Cavers from the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Ireland, and the United States have been visiting Meghalaya for over a decade exploring these caves. Few have been developed or promoted adequately as major tourist destinations. </p> <dl><dt>Living root bridges</dt></dl> <p>Meghalaya is famous for its living root bridges, a kind of <a href="/wiki/Simple_suspension_bridge" title="Simple suspension bridge">suspension bridge</a> made over rivers using intertwined roots of <i>Ficus elastica</i> trees planted on opposite banks of the river or hill slopes. These bridges can be seen around Cherrapunji, <a href="/wiki/Nongtalang" title="Nongtalang">Nongtalang</a>, Kudeng Rim and Kudeng Thymmai villages (War Jaintia). A double-decker bridge exists in Nongriat village. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 203.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 201.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Living_root_bridge_HS.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A double-decker living root bridge in Nongriat, Meghalaya"><img alt="A double-decker living root bridge in Nongriat, Meghalaya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Living_root_bridge_HS.jpg/302px-Living_root_bridge_HS.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Living_root_bridge_HS.jpg/453px-Living_root_bridge_HS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Living_root_bridge_HS.jpg/603px-Living_root_bridge_HS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A double-decker living root bridge in Nongriat, Meghalaya</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shillong_golf_course2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shillong Golf Course, one of the oldest golf courses of India"><img alt="Shillong Golf Course, one of the oldest golf courses of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Shillong_golf_course2.jpg/268px-Shillong_golf_course2.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Shillong_golf_course2.jpg/403px-Shillong_golf_course2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Shillong_golf_course2.jpg/536px-Shillong_golf_course2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shillong Golf Course, one of the oldest golf courses of India</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nohkalikai_Falls.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Nohkalikai Falls"><img alt="Nohkalikai Falls" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Nohkalikai_Falls.JPG/268px-Nohkalikai_Falls.JPG" decoding="async" width="179" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Nohkalikai_Falls.JPG/403px-Nohkalikai_Falls.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Nohkalikai_Falls.JPG/536px-Nohkalikai_Falls.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nohkalikai_Falls" title="Nohkalikai Falls">Nohkalikai Falls</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Expedition_is_in_progress_in_Meghalayan_Caves.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Meghalaya has many limestone caves. Above are in Jaintia Hills"><img alt="Meghalaya has many limestone caves. Above are in Jaintia Hills" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Expedition_is_in_progress_in_Meghalayan_Caves.jpg/280px-Expedition_is_in_progress_in_Meghalayan_Caves.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Expedition_is_in_progress_in_Meghalayan_Caves.jpg/420px-Expedition_is_in_progress_in_Meghalayan_Caves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Expedition_is_in_progress_in_Meghalayan_Caves.jpg/559px-Expedition_is_in_progress_in_Meghalayan_Caves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="863" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Meghalaya has many limestone caves. Above are in Jaintia Hills</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 238.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Single_Decker_Living_Root_Bridge_at_Riwai.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Single Decker Living Root Bridge at Riwai"><img alt="Single Decker Living Root Bridge at Riwai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Single_Decker_Living_Root_Bridge_at_Riwai.jpg/358px-Single_Decker_Living_Root_Bridge_at_Riwai.jpg" decoding="async" width="239" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Single_Decker_Living_Root_Bridge_at_Riwai.jpg/537px-Single_Decker_Living_Root_Bridge_at_Riwai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Single_Decker_Living_Root_Bridge_at_Riwai.jpg/715px-Single_Decker_Living_Root_Bridge_at_Riwai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="2296" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Single Decker Living Root Bridge at Riwai</div> </li> </ul> <p>Other important places of tourism interest Meghalaya include: </p> <ul><li><b>Jakrem</b>: 64 km from Shillong, a potential health resort having gushing hot-spring of sulphur water, believed to have curative medicinal properties.</li> <li><b>Ranikor</b>: 140 km from Shillong, is one of Meghalaya's most popular spots for angling, with an abundance of carp and other freshwater fish.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dawki" title="Dawki">Dawki</a></b>: 96 km from Shillong, is a border town, where one can have a glimpse of the neighbouring country of Bangladesh. The colourful annual boat race during spring at the <a href="/wiki/Umngot_River" title="Umngot River">Umngot river</a> is an added attraction.</li> <li><b>Kshaid Dain Thlen Falls</b>: Located near Sohra, meaning the falls where the mythical monster of Khasi legend was finally <a href="/wiki/Butchered" class="mw-redirect" title="Butchered">butchered</a>. The axe-marks made on the rocks where Thlen was butchered are stillintact and visible.</li> <li><b>Diengiei Peak</b>: Located to the west of the Shillong plateau, Diengiei Peak is just 200 feet lower than Shillong peak. On the top of Diengiei, there is a huge hollow, shaped like a cup, believed to be the crater of an extinct pre-historic <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcano</a>.</li> <li><b>Dwarksuid</b>: A scenic pool with wide, rocky sandbanks located on a stream alongside the Umroi-Bhoilymbong Road is known as Dwarksuid or Devil's doorway.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>Kyllang Rock</b>: Located about 11 kilometres off Mairang, is a several million years old steep dome of red granite rising to an elevation of about 5400 feet above sea level.</li> <li><b>Sacred Forest Mawphlang</b>: One of the most celebrated sacred-groves of the State is the grove at Mawphlang about 25 kilometres off Shillong. Preserved since time immemorial, these sacred groves have wide range of <a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a>, thick cushion of humus on the grounds accumulated over the centuries, and trees heavily loaded with epiphytic growth of <a href="/wiki/Araceae" title="Araceae">aroids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piper_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piper (genus)">pipers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">ferns</a>, fern-allies and <a href="/wiki/Orchids" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchids">orchids</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_issues">Major issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Major issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The significant issues in the state include illegal migrants from Bangladesh, incidences of violence, political instability and deforestation from traditional cut-and-burn shift farming practices. There are several clashes between Khasi people and Bangladeshi in Meghalaya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illegal_immigration">Illegal immigration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Illegal immigration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Illegal immigration has become a major issue in Indian states that surround Bangladesh – West Bengal to the west, Meghalaya and Assam to the north, and Tripura, Mizoram, and Manipur to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dozens of political and civic groups have demanded that this migration be stopped or controlled to manageable levels.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The border between Meghalaya and Bangladesh is about 440 kilometres long, of which some 350 is fenced; but the border is not continuously patrolled and is porous. Efforts are underway to fence it completely and introduce means to issue ID cards.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chief Minister <a href="/wiki/Mukul_Sangma" title="Mukul Sangma">Mukul Sangma</a>, in August 2012, called upon Government of India to take corrective measures to stop the illegal immigration of Bangladeshis into the northeast of the country before the situation goes out of hand.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Violence">Violence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Violence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 2006 and 2013, between 0 and 28 civilians have died per year in Meghalaya (or about 0 to 1 per 100,000 people), which the state authorities have classified as terror-related intentional violence.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The world's average annual death rate from intentional violence, in recent years, has been 7.9 per 100,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-gede_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gede-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The terror-related deaths are from conflicts primarily between different tribal groups and against migrants from Bangladesh. Along with political resolution and dialogue, various Christian organisations have taken the initiative to prevent violence and help the process of discussion between groups.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There have been repeated clashes with <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> e.g. Mukroh.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_instability">Political instability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Political instability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The state has had 23 state governments since its inception in 1972, with a median life span of less than 18 months. Only three governments have survived more than three years. Political instability has affected the state's economy in the past.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over recent years, there has been increasing political stability. The last state assembly elections were held in 2013, after a five-year government that was elected in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jhum_farming">Jhum farming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Jhum farming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jhum_cultivation_in_Nokrek_Biosphere_Reserve_Meghalaya_India_Northeast_India_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Jhum_cultivation_in_Nokrek_Biosphere_Reserve_Meghalaya_India_Northeast_India_2004.jpg/220px-Jhum_cultivation_in_Nokrek_Biosphere_Reserve_Meghalaya_India_Northeast_India_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Jhum_cultivation_in_Nokrek_Biosphere_Reserve_Meghalaya_India_Northeast_India_2004.jpg/330px-Jhum_cultivation_in_Nokrek_Biosphere_Reserve_Meghalaya_India_Northeast_India_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Jhum_cultivation_in_Nokrek_Biosphere_Reserve_Meghalaya_India_Northeast_India_2004.jpg/440px-Jhum_cultivation_in_Nokrek_Biosphere_Reserve_Meghalaya_India_Northeast_India_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="1368" /></a><figcaption>Jhum cultivation, or cut-and-burn shift farming, in Nokrek Biosphere Reserve of Meghalaya.</figcaption></figure> <p>Jhum farming, or cut-and-burn shift cultivation, is an ancient practice in Meghalaya.<sup id="cite_ref-skr_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skr-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is culturally engrained through folklores. One legend states the god of wind with the god of hail and storm shook off seeds from the celestial tree, which were picked up and sown by a bird known as <i>do' amik</i>. These were the seeds of rice. The god gave the human beings some of those celestial seeds, provided instruction on shift agriculture and proper rice cultivation practice, with the demand that at every harvest a portion of the first harvest must be dedicated to him. Another folktale is from the Garo Hills of Meghalaya where a man named <i>Bone-Neripa-Jane-Nitepa</i> harvested rice and millet from a patch of land he cleared and cultivated near the rock named <i>misi-Kokdok</i>. He then shared this knowledge with others, and named the different months of the year, each of which is a stage of shifting cultivation.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In modern times, shift cultivation is a significant threat to the biodiversity of Meghalaya.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2001 satellite imaging study showed that shift cultivation practice continues and patches of primary dense forests are lost even from areas protected as biosphere.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Jhum</i> farming is a threat not only for natural biodiversity, it is also a low yield unproductive method of agriculture. It is a significant issue in Meghalaya, given majority of its people rely on agriculture to make a living.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shift farming is a practice that is not unique to northeastern Indian states such as Meghalaya, but the issue is found throughout southeast Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some major media outlets in the state are:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Meghalaya Times</i>: Meghalaya Times is one of the new entrants in the market and the fastest growing English newspaper in the state. In a short period of time, it has already established large readership across the state.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salantini_Janera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salantini Janera (page does not exist)">Salantini Janera</a></i>: Salantini Janera is the first <a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo language</a> Daily of the state</li> <li><i>Shillong Samay</i>: Shillong Samay is the first Hindi Daily of the State.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shillong_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Shillong Times">Shillong Times</a></i>: Shillong Times is one of the oldest English newspapers of the region.</li> <li><i>The Meghalaya Guardian</i>: The Meghalaya Guardian is one of the oldest newspapers of the state.</li></ul> <p>Over the years there have been several weeklies and Dailies that have come up. To name a few: </p> <ul><li><i>The Tura Times</i>: The Tura Times is the first English Daily which is published out from Tura.</li> <li><i>Salantini Ku'rang</i>: Salantini Ku'rang is the Garo edition of The Tura Times, Pringprangni Aski being the most recent <a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo language</a> newspaper to circulate.</li> <li><i>U Nongsaiñ Hima</i>: U Nongsaiñ Hima is the oldest circulating Khasi newspaper in Meghalaya. Established in December 1960, it is now the highest circulated Khasi daily (ABC July – December 2013).</li> <li>'Mawphor': It is one of the daily newspaper circulating in Jowai, Meghalaya.</li></ul> <p>Weekly Employment Newsletter which is distributed throughout the state: </p> <ul><li><i>Shillong Weekly Express</i>: Weekly Newsletter that was started in 2010.</li> <li>Eclectic northeast</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Governor_2024-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Governor_2024_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Governor_2024_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/ch-vijayashankar-appointed-meghalaya-governor/article68456452.ece">"C.H. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Meghalaya">the original</a> on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionaries&rft.atitle=Definition+of+Meghalaya+in+English+from+the+Oxford+Dictionaries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2FMeghalaya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Etymology-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Etymology_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Etymology_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharmaSharma2015" class="citation book cs1">Sharma, Suresh Kant; Sharma, Usha (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JUozqyA2e90C&q=meghalaya"><i>Discovery of North-East India</i></a>. Mittal Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8324-034-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8324-034-5"><bdi>978-81-8324-034-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111115903/https://books.google.com/books?id=JUozqyA2e90C&q=meghalaya">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovery+of+North-East+India&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-81-8324-034-5&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Suresh+Kant&rft.au=Sharma%2C+Usha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJUozqyA2e90C%26q%3Dmeghalaya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meghis-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-meghis_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-meghis_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-meghis_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-meghis_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://megassembly.gov.in/origin_and_growth.htm">History of Meghalaya State</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130924232301/http://megassembly.gov.in/origin_and_growth.htm">Archived</a> 24 September 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Government of India</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2014/mar/d2014031002.pdf">"Fact sheet on meghalaya"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 10 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304024544/http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2014/mar/d2014031002.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fact+sheet+on+meghalaya&rft.date=2014-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpib.nic.in%2Farchieve%2Fothers%2F2014%2Fmar%2Fd2014031002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ibef-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ibef_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibef_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibef_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibef.org/download/Meghalaya-110313.pdf">Meghalaya</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130903215532/http://www.ibef.org/download/Meghalaya-110313.pdf">Archived</a> 3 September 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> IBEF, India (2013)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-akrl-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-akrl_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-akrl_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-akrl_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-akrl_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-akrl_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-akrl_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arnold P. Kaminsky and Roger D. Long (2011), <i>India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313374623" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313374623">978-0313374623</a>, pp. 455–459</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meghalaya_and_Its_Forests-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meghalaya_and_Its_Forests_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meghalaya_and_Its_Forests_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.megforest.gov.in/megfor_extent_forest.htm">Meghalaya and Its Forests</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140822010308/http://www.megforest.gov.in/megfor_extent_forest.htm">Archived</a> 22 August 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Government of Meghalaya (2012); Quote – total forest area is 69.5%</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pcindia-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pcindia_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pcindia_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/finres/fr_2013_14/fr_meghalaya1314.pdf">Meghalaya</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140716065506/http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/finres/fr_2013_14/fr_meghalaya1314.pdf">Archived</a> 16 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Planning Commission, Govt of India (May 2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-news-and-meetings/119-collapse-of-civilizations-worldwide-defines-youngest-unit-of-the-geologic-time-scale">"Collapse of civilizations worldwide defines youngest unit of the Geologic Time Scale"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180718214052/http://stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-news-and-meetings/119-collapse-of-civilizations-worldwide-defines-youngest-unit-of-the-geologic-time-scale">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Collapse+of+civilizations+worldwide+defines+youngest+unit+of+the+Geologic+Time+Scale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stratigraphy.org%2Findex.php%2Fics-news-and-meetings%2F119-collapse-of-civilizations-worldwide-defines-youngest-unit-of-the-geologic-time-scale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/meghalaya-ecstatic-after-being-etched-in-geological-history-permanently/story-jmw6vPPuuNAg2ctBbyTztO.html">"Meghalaya ecstatic after being etched in geological history permanently"</a>. 19 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180719204920/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/meghalaya-ecstatic-after-being-etched-in-geological-history-permanently/story-jmw6vPPuuNAg2ctBbyTztO.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meghalaya+ecstatic+after+being+etched+in+geological+history+permanently&rft.date=2018-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Fmeghalaya-ecstatic-after-being-etched-in-geological-history-permanently%2Fstory-jmw6vPPuuNAg2ctBbyTztO.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmos2018" class="citation news cs1">Amos, Jonathan (18 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-44868527">"Welcome to the Meghalayan Age a new phase in history"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180718211344/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-44868527">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+the+Meghalayan+Age+a+new+phase+in+history&rft.date=2018-07-18&rft.aulast=Amos&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-44868527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/newest-phase-in-earths-history-named-after-meghalaya-rock/articleshow/65046837.cms">"Newest phase in Earth's history named after Meghalaya rock"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 19 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180802183333/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/newest-phase-in-earths-history-named-after-meghalaya-rock/articleshow/65046837.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Newest+phase+in+Earth%27s+history+named+after+Meghalaya+rock&rft.date=2018-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fhome%2Fscience%2Fnewest-phase-in-earths-history-named-after-meghalaya-rock%2Farticleshow%2F65046837.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180710194916/https://www.qpg.geog.cam.ac.uk/news/formalsubdivisionoftheholoceneseriesgeogr18.pdf">"Formal subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qpg.geog.cam.ac.uk/news/formalsubdivisionoftheholoceneseriesgeogr18.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Formal+subdivision+of+the+Holocene+Series%2FEpoch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.qpg.geog.cam.ac.uk%2Fnews%2Fformalsubdivisionoftheholoceneseriesgeogr18.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indembangola.gov.in/pdf/Newsletter/26_July_Bharat_Darshan.pdf"><i>BHARAT DARSHAN - Embassy of India, Luanda</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231111115908/https://indembangola.gov.in/pdf/Newsletter/26_July_Bharat_Darshan.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BHARAT+DARSHAN+-+Embassy+of+India%2C+Luanda&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findembangola.gov.in%2Fpdf%2FNewsletter%2F26_July_Bharat_Darshan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHazarika2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hazarika, Manjil (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5334%2Faa.06104">"Neolithic Culture of Northeast India: A Recent Perspective on the Origins of Pottery and Agriculture"</a>. <i>Ancient Asia</i>. <b>1</b>: <span class="nowrap">25–</span>44. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5334%2Faa.06104">10.5334/aa.06104</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ancient+Asia&rft.atitle=Neolithic+Culture+of+Northeast+India%3A+A+Recent+Perspective+on+the+Origins+of+Pottery+and+Agriculture&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E25-%3C%2Fspan%3E44&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5334%2Faa.06104&rft.aulast=Hazarika&rft.aufirst=Manjil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5334%252Faa.06104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Glover, Ian C. (1985), Some Problem Relating to the Domestication of Rice in Asia, In Recent Advances in Indo-Pacific Prehistory (Misra, VN. and P. Bellwood Eds.), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8120400153" title="Special:BookSources/978-8120400153">978-8120400153</a>, Oxford Publishing, pp 265-274</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-skr-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-skr_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-skr_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">SANKAR KUMAR ROY, Aspects of Neolithic Agriculture and Shifting Cultivation, Garo Hills, Meghalaya, Asian Perspectives, XXIV (2), 1981, pp 193-221</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210521040714/http://www.tahirpur.sunamganj.gov.bd/site/page/4e170264-0757-11e7-a6c5-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%20%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF">"Upazila background"</a>. <i>Tahirpur Upazila</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tahirpur.sunamganj.gov.bd/site/page/4e170264-0757-11e7-a6c5-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%20%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF">the original</a> on 21 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tahirpur+Upazila&rft.atitle=Upazila+background&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftahirpur.sunamganj.gov.bd%2Fsite%2Fpage%2F4e170264-0757-11e7-a6c5-286ed488c766%2F%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0%2520%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A7%2582%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25BF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://megartsculture.gov.in/arch.htm">"Archaeology: Department of Arts and Culture, Government of Meghalaya"</a>. <i>megartsculture.gov.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220208111332/http://megartsculture.gov.in/arch.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=megartsculture.gov.in&rft.atitle=Archaeology%3A+Department+of+Arts+and+Culture%2C+Government+of+Meghalaya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmegartsculture.gov.in%2Farch.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roy-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roy_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy2012" class="citation book cs1">Roy, Tirthankar (2012). <i>India in the World Economy: From Antiquity to the Present</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-00910-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-00910-3"><bdi>978-1-107-00910-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+in+the+World+Economy%3A+From+Antiquity+to+the+Present&rft.pages=202&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-107-00910-3&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Tirthankar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meghalayahighcourt.nic.in/history">"High Court of Meghalaya: History"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120025420/http://meghalayahighcourt.nic.in/history">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=High+Court+of+Meghalaya%3A+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmeghalayahighcourt.nic.in%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1969-55_0.pdf">"The Assam Reorganisation (Meghalaya) Act, 1969"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210813135852/https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1969-55_0.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Assam+Reorganisation+%28Meghalaya%29+Act%2C+1969&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegislative.gov.in%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FA1969-55_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBareh2001" class="citation book cs1">Bareh, H.M. (2001). <i>Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Vol IV</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Releases%3A+Lecture+on+Emerging+Challenges+in+Mapping&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmegipr.gov.in%2Fpr%2Fpr.asp%3Fdt%3D10-10-2007%26prno%3D750%2F07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315074304/https://indiawris.gov.in/wiki/doku.php?id=meghalaya#:~:text=January%2021st%201972.-,Geography,grassland%2C%20hills%20and%20river%20valley">"Meghalaya"</a>. <i>indiawris.gov.in</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiawris.gov.in/wiki/doku.php?id=meghalaya#:~:text=January%2021st%201972.-,Geography,grassland%2C%20hills%20and%20river%20valley">the original</a> on 15 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=indiawris.gov.in&rft.atitle=Meghalaya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findiawris.gov.in%2Fwiki%2Fdoku.php%3Fid%3Dmeghalaya%23%3A~%3Atext%3DJanuary%252021st%25201972.-%2CGeography%2Cgrassland%252C%2520hills%2520and%2520river%2520valley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/139489b0">"Le plateau de Meghalaya (Garo-Khasi-Jaintia)"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>139</b> (3516): 489. 20 March 1937. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1937Natur.139Q.489.">1937Natur.139Q.489.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F139489b0">10.1038/139489b0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26835789">26835789</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315074032/https://www.nature.com/articles/139489b0">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Le+plateau+de+Meghalaya+%28Garo-Khasi-Jaintia%29&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=3516&rft.pages=489&rft.date=1937-03-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F139489b0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A26835789%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1937Natur.139Q.489.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2F139489b0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmmu_Kannampilly2013" class="citation web cs1">Ammu Kannampilly (31 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/30/wettest-place-on-earth-india-mawsynram_n_3675254.html">"The Wettest Place On Earth: Indian Town Of Mawsynram Holds Guinness Record For Highest Average Annual Rainfall"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Wettest+Place+On+Earth%3A+Indian+Town+Of+Mawsynram+Holds+Guinness+Record+For+Highest+Average+Annual+Rainfall&rft.pub=Huffington+Post&rft.date=2013-07-31&rft.au=Ammu+Kannampilly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2013%2F07%2F30%2Fwettest-place-on-earth-india-mawsynram_n_3675254.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120204955/http://megipr.gov.in/basic_facts.htm">"Basic facts of Meghalaya"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://megipr.gov.in/basic_facts.htm">the original</a> on 20 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Basic+facts+of+Meghalaya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmegipr.gov.in%2Fbasic_facts.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuttippurathMurasinghStottSarojini2021" class="citation journal cs1">Kuttippurath, J; Murasingh, S; Stott, P A; Sarojini, B Balan; Jha, Madan K; Kumar, P; Nair, P J; Varikoden, H; Raj, S; Francis, P A; Pandey, P C (22 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fabcf78">"Observed rainfall changes in the past century (1901–2019) over the wettest place on Earth"</a>. <i>Environmental Research Letters</i>. <b>16</b> (2): 024018. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021ERL....16b4018K">2021ERL....16b4018K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fabcf78">10.1088/1748-9326/abcf78</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1748-9326">1748-9326</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Observed+rainfall+changes+in+the+past+century+%281901%E2%80%932019%29+over+the+wettest+place+on+Earth&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=024018&rft.date=2021-01-22&rft.issn=1748-9326&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fabcf78&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021ERL....16b4018K&rft.aulast=Kuttippurath&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Murasingh%2C+S&rft.au=Stott%2C+P+A&rft.au=Sarojini%2C+B+Balan&rft.au=Jha%2C+Madan+K&rft.au=Kumar%2C+P&rft.au=Nair%2C+P+J&rft.au=Varikoden%2C+H&rft.au=Raj%2C+S&rft.au=Francis%2C+P+A&rft.au=Pandey%2C+P+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1088%252F1748-9326%252Fabcf78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wmo.asu.edu">"Global Weather & Climate Extremes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Meteorological Organisation">World Meteorological Organisation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131213113854/http://wmo.asu.edu/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Weather+%26+Climate+Extremes&rft.pub=World+Meteorological+Organisation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwmo.asu.edu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-avibase-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-avibase_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avibase_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avibase_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?region=INneml&list=howardmoore">Birds of Meghalaya</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150122054357/http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?region=INneml&list=howardmoore">Archived</a> 22 January 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Avibase (2013)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://megtourism.gov.in/wildlife.html">Wildlife in Meghalaya</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140301163028/http://megtourism.gov.in/wildlife.html">Archived</a> 1 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Government of Meghalaya</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Choudhury, A. 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(2010). "Niamtre: The Indigenous Religion of Meghalaya." *Journal of Tribal Studies*, 5(2), 45-56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[2] Syiem, D. (2015). "Understanding Khasi Indigenous Religion." *Meghalaya Research Journal*, 8(1), 27-39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[3] Kharshiing, L. (2012). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Showing+all+Waterfalls+in+India&rft.pub=World+Waterfalls+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-waterfalls.com%2Fdatabase.php%3Fs%3DT%26t%3DG%26category%3Dcountry%26search%3DIndia%26orderby%3Dheight%2520DESC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecoheritage.cpreec.org/viewsacdetail.php?$mFJyBfK$MOIb-B5vugEjzLdzxFAXZ">List of Sacred Groves in Meghalaya</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150602134727/http://ecoheritage.cpreec.org/viewsacdetail.php?$mFJyBfK$MOIb-B5vugEjzLdzxFAXZ">Archived</a> 2 June 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Government of Meghalaya (2011)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-megtourism_eco-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-megtourism_eco_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://megtourism.gov.in/ecodestination.html">Eco Destination</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111209012830/http://megtourism.gov.in/ecodestination.html">Archived</a> 9 December 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Department of Tourism, Government of Meghalaya</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Choudhury, A.U. 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(2010) Nokrek national park – an IBA in Meghalaya. <i>Mistnet</i> 11 (1): 7–8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTripathi2016" class="citation journal cs1">Tripathi, Sanjeev (29 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegieindia.org/2016/06/29/illegal-immigration-from-bangladesh-to-india-toward-comprehensive-solution-pub-63931">"Illegal Immigration From Bangladesh to India: Toward a Comprehensive Solution"</a>. <i>Carnegie India</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230518042253/https://carnegieindia.org/2016/06/29/illegal-immigration-from-bangladesh-to-india-toward-comprehensive-solution-pub-63931">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carnegie+India&rft.atitle=Illegal+Immigration+From+Bangladesh+to+India%3A+Toward+a+Comprehensive+Solution&rft.date=2016-06-29&rft.aulast=Tripathi&rft.aufirst=Sanjeev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieindia.org%2F2016%2F06%2F29%2Fillegal-immigration-from-bangladesh-to-india-toward-comprehensive-solution-pub-63931&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Palash Ghosh, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/indias-2014-elections-narendra-modi-says-some-illegal-immigrants-bangladesh-are-better-others">India's 2014 Elections: Narendra Modi Says Some Illegal Immigrants From Bangladesh Are Better Than Others</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140715001456/http://www.ibtimes.com/indias-2014-elections-narendra-modi-says-some-illegal-immigrants-bangladesh-are-better-others">Archived</a> 15 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> International Business Times, NY Times, (2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">V Singh, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/mha-asks-meghalaya-to-speed-up-border-fencing-work/">MHA asks Meghalaya to speed up border fencing work</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150428000439/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/mha-asks-meghalaya-to-speed-up-border-fencing-work/">Archived</a> 28 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Indian Express (16 April 2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/meghalayas-congress-cm-mukul-sangma-too-rings-alarm-on-influx-of-illegal-migrants/articleshow/15432673.cms">"Meghalaya's Congress CM Mukul Sangma too rings alarm on influx of illegal migrants"</a>. <i>The Economic Times</i>. 10 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120812064704/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/Meghalayas-Congress-CM-Mukul-Sangma-too-rings-alarm-on-influx-of-illegal-migrants/articleshow/15432673.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Meghalaya%27s+Congress+CM+Mukul+Sangma+too+rings+alarm+on+influx+of+illegal+migrants&rft.date=2012-08-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fnation%2Fmeghalayas-congress-cm-mukul-sangma-too-rings-alarm-on-influx-of-illegal-migrants%2Farticleshow%2F15432673.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/database/index.html">Meghalaya Violence Statistics, India Fatalities 1994-2014</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110529084134/http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/database/index.html">Archived</a> 29 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> SATP (2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gede-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gede_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genevadeclaration.org/fileadmin/docs/GBAV2/GBAV2011-Ch2-Summary.pdf">Global Burden of Armed Violence</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924021451/http://www.genevadeclaration.org/fileadmin/docs/GBAV2/GBAV2011-Ch2-Summary.pdf">Archived</a> 24 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Chapter 2, Geneva Declaration, Switzerland (2011)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">SNAITANG, R. (2009), Christianity and Change among the Hill Tribes of Northeast India, Christianity and Change in Northeast India (Editors: Subba et al.), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8180694479" title="Special:BookSources/978-8180694479">978-8180694479</a>, Chapter 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/5-meghalaya-villagers-killed-in-border-firing-by-assam-cops/articleshow/95697806.cms">"Assam Meghalaya Border News: Six killed as Assam cops and armed Meghalaya mob clash along border | Guwahati News - Times of India"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 23 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221127114317/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/5-meghalaya-villagers-killed-in-border-firing-by-assam-cops/articleshow/95697806.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Assam+Meghalaya+Border+News%3A+Six+killed+as+Assam+cops+and+armed+Meghalaya+mob+clash+along+border+%26%23124%3B+Guwahati+News+-+Times+of+India&rft.date=2022-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fguwahati%2F5-meghalaya-villagers-killed-in-border-firing-by-assam-cops%2Farticleshow%2F95697806.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110911004507/http://megplanning.gov.in/report/vision2030/chapter2.pdf">"Participatory Planning and Inclusive Governance"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Megplannnig.gov.in\accessdate=2017-02-27</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://megplanning.gov.in/report/vision2030/chapter2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Megplannnig.gov.in%5Caccessdate%3D2017-02-27&rft.atitle=Participatory+Planning+and+Inclusive+Governance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmegplanning.gov.in%2Freport%2Fvision2030%2Fchapter2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130122045103/http://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/mla-election-2013.htm">"Official Website of the Election Department, Government of Meghalaya, India"</a>. <i>Ceomeghalaya.nic.in</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/mla-election-2013.htm">the original</a> on 22 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ceomeghalaya.nic.in&rft.atitle=Official+Website+of+the+Election+Department%2C+Government+of+Meghalaya%2C+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fceomeghalaya.nic.in%2Felectionconducted%2Fmla2013%2Fmla-election-2013.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mazumdar, Culture Change in Two Garo Villages, Calcutta: Anthropological Survey of India (1978)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ramakrishnan, P. S. (1992), Shifting agriculture and sustainable development: an interdisciplinary study from north-eastern India, Parthenon Publishing Group, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85070-383-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-85070-383-3">1-85070-383-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roy, P. S., & Tomar, S. (2001), Landscape cover dynamics pattern in Meghalaya, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 22(18), pp 3813-3825</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saha, R., Mishra, V. K., & Khan, S. K. (2011), Soil erodibility characteristics under modified land-use systems as against shifting cultivation in hilly ecosystems of Meghalaya India, Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 30(4), 301-312</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pakrasi, K., Arya, V. S., & Sudhakar, S. (2014), Biodiversity hot-spot modeling and temporal analysis of Meghalaya using Remote sensing technique, International Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol 4, Number 5, pp 772-785</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spencer, J. E. (1966), Shifting cultivation in southeastern Asia (Vol. 19), University of California Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520035171" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520035171">978-0520035171</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy1981" class="citation book cs1">Roy, Hira Lal Deb (1981). <i>A Tribe in Transition</i>. Cosmo.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Tribe+in+Transition&rft.pub=Cosmo&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Hira+Lal+Deb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMeghalaya" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right 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bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Meghalaya" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Meghalaya#Q1195" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://meghalaya.gov.in/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/2027521">Meghalaya</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Meghalaya28" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Meghalaya</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rangpur_Division" title="Rangpur Division">Rangpur Division</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Meghalaya</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dhaka_Division" title="Dhaka Division">Dhaka Division</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sylhet_Division" title="Sylhet Division">Sylhet Division</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="x20pxState_of_Meghalaya400" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Meghalaya" title="Template:Meghalaya"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Meghalaya" title="Template talk:Meghalaya"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Meghalaya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Meghalaya"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="x20pxState_of_Meghalaya400" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banner_of_Meghalaya.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Banner_of_Meghalaya.png/36px-Banner_of_Meghalaya.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Banner_of_Meghalaya.png/54px-Banner_of_Meghalaya.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Banner_of_Meghalaya.png/71px-Banner_of_Meghalaya.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meghalaya</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">State symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Animal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Clouded_leopard" title="Clouded leopard">Clouded leopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a>: <a href="/wiki/Common_hill_myna" title="Common hill myna">Hill myna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paphiopedilum_insigne" title="Paphiopedilum insigne">Lady's Slipper Orchid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gmelina_arborea" title="Gmelina arborea">Gamhar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Meghalaya" title="Category:Meghalaya">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Economy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Meghalaya" title="Education in Meghalaya">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Meghalaya" title="Government of Meghalaya">Government of Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly" title="Meghalaya Legislative Assembly">Meghalaya Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sister_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Sister States">Seven Sister States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">Administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Meghalaya" title="Government of Meghalaya">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly" title="Meghalaya Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Ministers_of_Meghalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Ministers of Meghalaya">Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Meghalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Meghalaya">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_High_Court" title="Meghalaya High Court">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Police" title="Meghalaya Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Parties_in_Meghalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Political Parties in Meghalaya">Political Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Tura</li> <li>Shillong</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Meghalaya" title="List of districts of Meghalaya">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Garo_Hills_district" title="East Garo Hills district">East Garo Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Jaintia_Hills_district" title="East Jaintia Hills district">East Jaintia Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Khasi_Hills_district" title="East Khasi Hills district">East Khasi Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_West_Khasi_Hills_district" title="Eastern West Khasi Hills district">Eastern West Khasi Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Garo_Hills_district" title="North Garo Hills district">North Garo Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ri-Bhoi_district" title="Ri-Bhoi district">Ri-Bhoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Garo_Hills_district" title="South Garo Hills district">South Garo Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Garo_Hills_district" title="South West Garo Hills district">South West Garo Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Khasi_Hills_district" title="South West Khasi Hills district">South West Khasi Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Garo_Hills_district" title="West Garo Hills district">West Garo Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Jaintia_Hills_district" title="West Jaintia Hills district">West Jaintia Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Khasi_Hills_district" title="West Khasi Hills district">West Khasi Hills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghmara,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghmara, India">Baghmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jowai" title="Jowai">Jowai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mairang" title="Mairang">Mairang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nongpoh" title="Nongpoh">Nongpoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nongstoin" title="Nongstoin">Nongstoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resubelpara" title="Resubelpara">Resubelpara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherrapunji" title="Cherrapunji">Sohra/Cherrapunji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tura,_Meghalaya" title="Tura, Meghalaya">Tura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamnagar" title="Williamnagar">Williamnagar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">Portal: India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Educational_institutes_in_Meghalaya85" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#00cbcc;color:#FFFFFF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Educational_Institutes_in_Meghalaya" title="Template:Educational Institutes in Meghalaya"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Educational_Institutes_in_Meghalaya" title="Template talk:Educational Institutes in Meghalaya"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Educational_Institutes_in_Meghalaya" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Educational Institutes in Meghalaya"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Educational_institutes_in_Meghalaya85" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Educational institutes in Meghalaya</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#00cbcc;color:#FFFFFF">Premiere Indian institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Shillong" title="Indian Institute of Management Shillong">Indian Institute of Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Technology_Meghalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Technology Meghalaya">National Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Eastern_Indira_Gandhi_Regional_Institute_of_Health_and_Medical_Sciences" title="North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences">North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Fashion_Technology_Shillong" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Fashion Technology Shillong">National Institute of Fashion Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Eastern_Hill_University" class="mw-redirect" title="North Eastern Hill University">North Eastern Hill University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Technology_and_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Technology and Management">University of Technology and Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_and_Foreign_Languages_University" title="English and Foreign Languages University">English and Foreign Languages University</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exams_in_Jaura,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Exams_in_Jaura%2C_India.jpg/150px-Exams_in_Jaura%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Exams_in_Jaura%2C_India.jpg/225px-Exams_in_Jaura%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Exams_in_Jaura%2C_India.jpg/300px-Exams_in_Jaura%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#00cbcc;color:#FFFFFF">Other important colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Edmund%27s_College,_Shillong" title="St. Edmund's College, Shillong">St. Edmund's College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Adventist_University" title="Northeast Adventist University">Northeast Adventist University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_Christian_University" title="Martin Luther Christian University">Martin Luther Christian University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2013</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Northeast_India193" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northeast_India" title="Template:Northeast India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northeast_India" title="Template talk:Northeast India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northeast_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northeast India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Northeast_India193" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizawl" title="Aizawl">Aizawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispur" title="Dispur">Dispur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimapur" title="Dimapur">Dimapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itanagar" title="Itanagar">Itanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohima" title="Kohima">Kohima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silchar" title="Silchar">Silchar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative Assemblies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Legislative_Assembly" title="Assam Legislative Assembly">Assam Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur_Legislative_Assembly" title="Manipur Legislative Assembly">Manipur Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_Legislative_Assembly" title="Meghalaya Legislative Assembly">Meghalaya Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram_Legislative_Assembly" title="Mizoram Legislative Assembly">Mizoram Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland_Legislative_Assembly" title="Nagaland Legislative Assembly">Nagaland Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Legislative_Assembly" title="Sikkim Legislative Assembly">Sikkim Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura_Legislative_Assembly" title="Tripura Legislative Assembly">Tripura Legislative Assembly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protected Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaziranga_National_Park" title="Kaziranga National Park">Kaziranga National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdapha_National_Park" title="Namdapha National Park">Namdapha National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_National_Park" title="Orang National Park">Orang National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manas_National_Park" title="Manas National Park">Manas National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibru-Saikhowa_National_Park" title="Dibru-Saikhowa National Park">Dibru-Saikhowa National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nameri_National_Park" title="Nameri National Park">Nameri National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balphakram_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Balphakram National Park">Balphakram National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokrek_National_Park" title="Nokrek National Park">Nokrek National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouling_National_Park" title="Mouling National Park">Mouling National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keibul_Lamjao_National_Park" title="Keibul Lamjao National Park">Keibul Lamjao National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirohi_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirohi National Park">Sirohi National Park </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murlen_National_Park" title="Murlen National Park">Murlen National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ntangki_National_Park" title="Ntangki National Park">Ntangki National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pobitora_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary">Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipahijola_Wildlife_Sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Sipahijola Wildlife Sanctuary">Sipahijola Wildlife Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorumara_National_Park" title="Gorumara National Park">Gorumara National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singalila_National_Park" title="Singalila National Park">Singalila National Park </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neora_Valley_National_Park" title="Neora Valley National Park">Neora Valley National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaldapara_National_Park" title="Jaldapara National Park">Jaldapara National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_Hills" title="Naga Hills">Naga Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patkai_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Patkai Hills">Patkai Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_Hills" title="Khasi Hills">Khasi Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushai_Hills" title="Lushai Hills">Lushai Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_Himalaya" title="Assam Himalaya">Assam Himalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_Hills" title="Garo Hills">Garo Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jongsong_Peak" title="Jongsong Peak">Jongsong Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gimmigela_Chuli" title="Gimmigela Chuli">Gimmigela Chuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabru" title="Kabru">Kabru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Chuli" title="Kirat Chuli">Kirat Chuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pandim" title="Mount Pandim">Mount Pandim </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paohanli_Peak" title="Paohanli Peak">Paohanli Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauhunri" title="Pauhunri">Pauhunri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siniolchu" title="Siniolchu">Siniolchu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khecheopalri_Lake" title="Khecheopalri Lake">Khecheopalri Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurudongmar_Lake" title="Gurudongmar Lake">Gurudongmar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tsongmo" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Tsongmo">Lake Tsongmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loktak_Lake" title="Loktak Lake">Loktak Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandubi_Lake" title="Chandubi Lake">Chandubi Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipor_Bil" title="Dipor Bil">Dipor Bil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_Beel" title="Son Beel">Son Beel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudrasagar_Lake" title="Rudrasagar Lake">Rudrasagar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijoy_sagar" title="Bijoy sagar">Bijoy sagar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monasteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pemayangtse_Monastery" title="Pemayangtse Monastery">Pemayangtse Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawang_Monastery" title="Tawang Monastery">Tawang Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zang_Dhok_Palri_Phodang" title="Zang Dhok Palri Phodang">Zang Dhok Palri Phodang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumtek_Monastery" title="Rumtek Monastery">Rumtek Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchey_Monastery" title="Enchey Monastery">Enchey Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tashiding_Monastery" title="Tashiding Monastery">Tashiding Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubdi_Monastery" title="Dubdi Monastery">Dubdi Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralang_Monastery" title="Ralang Monastery">Ralang Monastery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sister_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Sister States">Seven Sister States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_North_East_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in North East India">Tourism in North East India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Assam" title="Tourism in Assam">Tourism in Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Mizoram" title="Tourism in Mizoram">Tourism in Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India_border_disputes" title="Northeast India border disputes">Border disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_relations_with_Northeast_India" title="Asian relations with Northeast India">Relationship with Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Games" title="North East Games">North East Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_and_union_territories_of_India446" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Template:States and union territories of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Template talk:States and union territories of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States and union territories of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="States_and_union_territories_of_India446" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States and union territories of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">Union territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capitals in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Autonomous administrative divisions of India">Autonomous administrative divisions of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_states_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Proposed states and union territories of India">Proposed states and union territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historical_Indian_regions" title="Category:Historical Indian regions">Historical Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidencies_of_British_India" title="Category:Presidencies of British India">British Provinces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2069" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2069" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/133693393">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1210654/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Meghalaya"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4281475-3">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Meghalaya (India)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80144997">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Meghalaya (Inde)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119732117">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Meghalaya (Inde)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119732117">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Méghálaja (Indie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge904868&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX6077527">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007561903105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/6db6caf3-97aa-4fde-b795-5b7aa4dc1034">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&oldid=1271352261">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meghalaya&oldid=1271352261</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Meghalaya" title="Category:Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Northeast_India" title="Category:Northeast India">Northeast 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