CINXE.COM

Monthly Review | Ideology

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><script>if(navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE|Internet Explorer/i)||navigator.userAgent.match(/Trident\/7\..*?rv:11/i)){var href=document.location.href;if(!href.match(/[?&]nowprocket/)){if(href.indexOf("?")==-1){if(href.indexOf("#")==-1){document.location.href=href+"?nowprocket=1"}else{document.location.href=href.replace("#","?nowprocket=1#")}}else{if(href.indexOf("#")==-1){document.location.href=href+"&nowprocket=1"}else{document.location.href=href.replace("#","&nowprocket=1#")}}}}</script><script>(()=>{class RocketLazyLoadScripts{constructor(){this.v="2.0.2",this.userEvents=["keydown","keyup","mousedown","mouseup","mousemove","mouseover","mouseenter","mouseout","mouseleave","touchmove","touchstart","touchend","touchcancel","wheel","click","dblclick","input","visibilitychange"],this.attributeEvents=["onblur","onclick","oncontextmenu","ondblclick","onfocus","onmousedown","onmouseenter","onmouseleave","onmousemove","onmouseout","onmouseover","onmouseup","onmousewheel","onscroll","onsubmit"]}async t(){this.i(),this.o(),/iP(ad|hone)/.test(navigator.userAgent)&&this.h(),this.u(),this.l(this),this.m(),this.k(this),this.p(this),this._(),await Promise.all([this.R(),this.L()]),this.lastBreath=Date.now(),this.S(this),this.P(),this.D(),this.O(),this.M(),await this.C(this.delayedScripts.normal),await this.C(this.delayedScripts.defer),await this.C(this.delayedScripts.async),this.T("domReady"),await this.F(),await this.j(),await this.I(),this.T("windowLoad"),await this.A(),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-allScriptsLoaded")),this.everythingLoaded=!0,this.lastTouchEnd&&await new Promise((t=>setTimeout(t,500-Date.now()+this.lastTouchEnd))),this.H(),this.T("all"),this.U(),this.W()}i(){this.CSPIssue=sessionStorage.getItem("rocketCSPIssue"),document.addEventListener("securitypolicyviolation",(t=>{this.CSPIssue||"script-src-elem"!==t.violatedDirective||"data"!==t.blockedURI||(this.CSPIssue=!0,sessionStorage.setItem("rocketCSPIssue",!0))}),{isRocket:!0})}o(){window.addEventListener("pageshow",(t=>{this.persisted=t.persisted,this.realWindowLoadedFired=!0}),{isRocket:!0}),window.addEventListener("pagehide",(()=>{this.onFirstUserAction=null}),{isRocket:!0})}h(){let t;function e(e){t=e}window.addEventListener("touchstart",e,{isRocket:!0}),window.addEventListener("touchend",(function i(o){Math.abs(o.changedTouches[0].pageX-t.changedTouches[0].pageX)<10&&Math.abs(o.changedTouches[0].pageY-t.changedTouches[0].pageY)<10&&o.timeStamp-t.timeStamp<200&&(o.target.dispatchEvent(new PointerEvent("click",{target:o.target,bubbles:!0,cancelable:!0})),event.preventDefault(),window.removeEventListener("touchstart",e,{isRocket:!0}),window.removeEventListener("touchend",i,{isRocket:!0}))}),{isRocket:!0})}q(t){this.userActionTriggered||("mousemove"!==t.type||this.firstMousemoveIgnored?"keyup"===t.type||"mouseover"===t.type||"mouseout"===t.type||(this.userActionTriggered=!0,this.onFirstUserAction&&this.onFirstUserAction()):this.firstMousemoveIgnored=!0),"click"===t.type&&t.preventDefault(),this.savedUserEvents.length>0&&(t.stopPropagation(),t.stopImmediatePropagation()),"touchstart"===this.lastEvent&&"touchend"===t.type&&(this.lastTouchEnd=Date.now()),"click"===t.type&&(this.lastTouchEnd=0),this.lastEvent=t.type,this.savedUserEvents.push(t)}u(){this.savedUserEvents=[],this.userEventHandler=this.q.bind(this),this.userEvents.forEach((t=>window.addEventListener(t,this.userEventHandler,{passive:!1,isRocket:!0})))}U(){this.userEvents.forEach((t=>window.removeEventListener(t,this.userEventHandler,{passive:!1,isRocket:!0}))),this.savedUserEvents.forEach((t=>{t.target.dispatchEvent(new window[t.constructor.name](t.type,t))}))}m(){this.eventsMutationObserver=new MutationObserver((t=>{const e="return false";for(const i of t){if("attributes"===i.type){const t=i.target.getAttribute(i.attributeName);t&&t!==e&&(i.target.setAttribute("data-rocket-"+i.attributeName,t),i.target.setAttribute(i.attributeName,e))}"childList"===i.type&&i.addedNodes.forEach((t=>{if(t.nodeType===Node.ELEMENT_NODE)for(const i of t.attributes)this.attributeEvents.includes(i.name)&&i.value&&""!==i.value&&(t.setAttribute("data-rocket-"+i.name,i.value),t.setAttribute(i.name,e))}))}})),this.eventsMutationObserver.observe(document,{subtree:!0,childList:!0,attributeFilter:this.attributeEvents})}H(){this.eventsMutationObserver.disconnect(),this.attributeEvents.forEach((t=>{document.querySelectorAll("[data-rocket-"+t+"]").forEach((e=>{e.setAttribute(t,e.getAttribute("data-rocket-"+t)),e.removeAttribute("data-rocket-"+t)}))}))}k(t){Object.defineProperty(HTMLElement.prototype,"onclick",{get(){return this.rocketonclick},set(e){this.rocketonclick=e,this.setAttribute(t.everythingLoaded?"onclick":"data-rocket-onclick","this.rocketonclick(event)")}})}S(t){function e(e,i){let o=e[i];e[i]=null,Object.defineProperty(e,i,{get:()=>o,set(s){t.everythingLoaded?o=s:e["rocket"+i]=o=s}})}e(document,"onreadystatechange"),e(window,"onload"),e(window,"onpageshow");try{Object.defineProperty(document,"readyState",{get:()=>t.rocketReadyState,set(e){t.rocketReadyState=e},configurable:!0}),document.readyState="loading"}catch(t){console.log("WPRocket DJE readyState conflict, bypassing")}}l(t){this.originalAddEventListener=EventTarget.prototype.addEventListener,this.originalRemoveEventListener=EventTarget.prototype.removeEventListener,this.savedEventListeners=[],EventTarget.prototype.addEventListener=function(e,i,o){o&&o.isRocket||!t.B(e,this)&&!t.userEvents.includes(e)||t.B(e,this)&&!t.userActionTriggered||e.startsWith("rocket-")?t.originalAddEventListener.call(this,e,i,o):t.savedEventListeners.push({target:this,remove:!1,type:e,func:i,options:o})},EventTarget.prototype.removeEventListener=function(e,i,o){o&&o.isRocket||!t.B(e,this)&&!t.userEvents.includes(e)||t.B(e,this)&&!t.userActionTriggered||e.startsWith("rocket-")?t.originalRemoveEventListener.call(this,e,i,o):t.savedEventListeners.push({target:this,remove:!0,type:e,func:i,options:o})}}T(t){"all"===t&&(EventTarget.prototype.addEventListener=this.originalAddEventListener,EventTarget.prototype.removeEventListener=this.originalRemoveEventListener),this.savedEventListeners=this.savedEventListeners.filter((e=>{let i=e.type,o=e.target||window;return"domReady"===t&&"DOMContentLoaded"!==i&&"readystatechange"!==i||("windowLoad"===t&&"load"!==i&&"readystatechange"!==i&&"pageshow"!==i||(this.B(i,o)&&(i="rocket-"+i),e.remove?o.removeEventListener(i,e.func,e.options):o.addEventListener(i,e.func,e.options),!1))}))}p(t){let e;function i(e){return t.everythingLoaded?e:e.split(" ").map((t=>"load"===t||t.startsWith("load.")?"rocket-jquery-load":t)).join(" ")}function o(o){function s(e){const s=o.fn[e];o.fn[e]=o.fn.init.prototype[e]=function(){return this[0]===window&&t.userActionTriggered&&("string"==typeof arguments[0]||arguments[0]instanceof String?arguments[0]=i(arguments[0]):"object"==typeof arguments[0]&&Object.keys(arguments[0]).forEach((t=>{const e=arguments[0][t];delete arguments[0][t],arguments[0][i(t)]=e}))),s.apply(this,arguments),this}}if(o&&o.fn&&!t.allJQueries.includes(o)){const e={DOMContentLoaded:[],"rocket-DOMContentLoaded":[]};for(const t in e)document.addEventListener(t,(()=>{e[t].forEach((t=>t()))}),{isRocket:!0});o.fn.ready=o.fn.init.prototype.ready=function(i){function s(){parseInt(o.fn.jquery)>2?setTimeout((()=>i.bind(document)(o))):i.bind(document)(o)}return t.realDomReadyFired?!t.userActionTriggered||t.fauxDomReadyFired?s():e["rocket-DOMContentLoaded"].push(s):e.DOMContentLoaded.push(s),o([])},s("on"),s("one"),s("off"),t.allJQueries.push(o)}e=o}t.allJQueries=[],o(window.jQuery),Object.defineProperty(window,"jQuery",{get:()=>e,set(t){o(t)}})}P(){const t=new Map;document.write=document.writeln=function(e){const i=document.currentScript,o=document.createRange(),s=i.parentElement;let n=t.get(i);void 0===n&&(n=i.nextSibling,t.set(i,n));const a=document.createDocumentFragment();o.setStart(a,0),a.appendChild(o.createContextualFragment(e)),s.insertBefore(a,n)}}async R(){return new Promise((t=>{this.userActionTriggered?t():this.onFirstUserAction=t}))}async L(){return new Promise((t=>{document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",(()=>{this.realDomReadyFired=!0,t()}),{isRocket:!0})}))}async I(){return this.realWindowLoadedFired?Promise.resolve():new Promise((t=>{window.addEventListener("load",t,{isRocket:!0})}))}M(){this.pendingScripts=[];this.scriptsMutationObserver=new MutationObserver((t=>{for(const e of t)e.addedNodes.forEach((t=>{"SCRIPT"!==t.tagName||t.noModule||t.isWPRocket||this.pendingScripts.push({script:t,promise:new Promise((e=>{const i=()=>{const i=this.pendingScripts.findIndex((e=>e.script===t));i>=0&&this.pendingScripts.splice(i,1),e()};t.addEventListener("load",i,{isRocket:!0}),t.addEventListener("error",i,{isRocket:!0}),setTimeout(i,1e3)}))})}))})),this.scriptsMutationObserver.observe(document,{childList:!0,subtree:!0})}async j(){await this.J(),this.pendingScripts.length?(await this.pendingScripts[0].promise,await this.j()):this.scriptsMutationObserver.disconnect()}D(){this.delayedScripts={normal:[],async:[],defer:[]},document.querySelectorAll("script[type$=rocketlazyloadscript]").forEach((t=>{t.hasAttribute("data-rocket-src")?t.hasAttribute("async")&&!1!==t.async?this.delayedScripts.async.push(t):t.hasAttribute("defer")&&!1!==t.defer||"module"===t.getAttribute("data-rocket-type")?this.delayedScripts.defer.push(t):this.delayedScripts.normal.push(t):this.delayedScripts.normal.push(t)}))}async _(){await this.L();let t=[];document.querySelectorAll("script[type$=rocketlazyloadscript][data-rocket-src]").forEach((e=>{let i=e.getAttribute("data-rocket-src");if(i&&!i.startsWith("data:")){i.startsWith("//")&&(i=location.protocol+i);try{const o=new URL(i).origin;o!==location.origin&&t.push({src:o,crossOrigin:e.crossOrigin||"module"===e.getAttribute("data-rocket-type")})}catch(t){}}})),t=[...new Map(t.map((t=>[JSON.stringify(t),t]))).values()],this.N(t,"preconnect")}async $(t){if(await this.G(),!0!==t.noModule||!("noModule"in HTMLScriptElement.prototype))return new Promise((e=>{let i;function o(){(i||t).setAttribute("data-rocket-status","executed"),e()}try{if(navigator.userAgent.includes("Firefox/")||""===navigator.vendor||this.CSPIssue)i=document.createElement("script"),[...t.attributes].forEach((t=>{let e=t.nodeName;"type"!==e&&("data-rocket-type"===e&&(e="type"),"data-rocket-src"===e&&(e="src"),i.setAttribute(e,t.nodeValue))})),t.text&&(i.text=t.text),t.nonce&&(i.nonce=t.nonce),i.hasAttribute("src")?(i.addEventListener("load",o,{isRocket:!0}),i.addEventListener("error",(()=>{i.setAttribute("data-rocket-status","failed-network"),e()}),{isRocket:!0}),setTimeout((()=>{i.isConnected||e()}),1)):(i.text=t.text,o()),i.isWPRocket=!0,t.parentNode.replaceChild(i,t);else{const i=t.getAttribute("data-rocket-type"),s=t.getAttribute("data-rocket-src");i?(t.type=i,t.removeAttribute("data-rocket-type")):t.removeAttribute("type"),t.addEventListener("load",o,{isRocket:!0}),t.addEventListener("error",(i=>{this.CSPIssue&&i.target.src.startsWith("data:")?(console.log("WPRocket: CSP fallback activated"),t.removeAttribute("src"),this.$(t).then(e)):(t.setAttribute("data-rocket-status","failed-network"),e())}),{isRocket:!0}),s?(t.fetchPriority="high",t.removeAttribute("data-rocket-src"),t.src=s):t.src="data:text/javascript;base64,"+window.btoa(unescape(encodeURIComponent(t.text)))}}catch(i){t.setAttribute("data-rocket-status","failed-transform"),e()}}));t.setAttribute("data-rocket-status","skipped")}async C(t){const e=t.shift();return e?(e.isConnected&&await this.$(e),this.C(t)):Promise.resolve()}O(){this.N([...this.delayedScripts.normal,...this.delayedScripts.defer,...this.delayedScripts.async],"preload")}N(t,e){this.trash=this.trash||[];let i=!0;var o=document.createDocumentFragment();t.forEach((t=>{const s=t.getAttribute&&t.getAttribute("data-rocket-src")||t.src;if(s&&!s.startsWith("data:")){const n=document.createElement("link");n.href=s,n.rel=e,"preconnect"!==e&&(n.as="script",n.fetchPriority=i?"high":"low"),t.getAttribute&&"module"===t.getAttribute("data-rocket-type")&&(n.crossOrigin=!0),t.crossOrigin&&(n.crossOrigin=t.crossOrigin),t.integrity&&(n.integrity=t.integrity),t.nonce&&(n.nonce=t.nonce),o.appendChild(n),this.trash.push(n),i=!1}})),document.head.appendChild(o)}W(){this.trash.forEach((t=>t.remove()))}async F(){try{document.readyState="interactive"}catch(t){}this.fauxDomReadyFired=!0;try{await this.G(),document.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-readystatechange")),await this.G(),document.rocketonreadystatechange&&document.rocketonreadystatechange(),await this.G(),document.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-DOMContentLoaded")),await this.G(),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-DOMContentLoaded"))}catch(t){console.error(t)}}async A(){try{document.readyState="complete"}catch(t){}try{await this.G(),document.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-readystatechange")),await this.G(),document.rocketonreadystatechange&&document.rocketonreadystatechange(),await this.G(),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("rocket-load")),await this.G(),window.rocketonload&&window.rocketonload(),await this.G(),this.allJQueries.forEach((t=>t(window).trigger("rocket-jquery-load"))),await this.G();const t=new Event("rocket-pageshow");t.persisted=this.persisted,window.dispatchEvent(t),await this.G(),window.rocketonpageshow&&window.rocketonpageshow({persisted:this.persisted})}catch(t){console.error(t)}}async G(){Date.now()-this.lastBreath>45&&(await this.J(),this.lastBreath=Date.now())}async J(){return document.hidden?new Promise((t=>setTimeout(t))):new Promise((t=>requestAnimationFrame(t)))}B(t,e){return e===document&&"readystatechange"===t||(e===document&&"DOMContentLoaded"===t||(e===window&&"DOMContentLoaded"===t||(e===window&&"load"===t||e===window&&"pageshow"===t)))}static run(){(new RocketLazyLoadScripts).t()}}RocketLazyLoadScripts.run()})();</script> <title>Monthly Review | Ideology</title><link rel="preload" data-rocket-preload as="style" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%7CCrimson%20Text%3Aregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%7CVidaloka%3Aregular%7CMuli%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%7CAverage%20Sans%3Aregular%7COpen%20Sans%20Condensed%3A300%2C300italic%2C700&#038;display=swap" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%7CCrimson%20Text%3Aregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%7CVidaloka%3Aregular%7CMuli%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%7CAverage%20Sans%3Aregular%7COpen%20Sans%20Condensed%3A300%2C300italic%2C700&#038;display=swap" media="print" onload="this.media='all'" /><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open%20Sans%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%7CCrimson%20Text%3Aregular%2Citalic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%7CVidaloka%3Aregular%7CMuli%3A300%2C300italic%2Cregular%2Citalic%7CAverage%20Sans%3Aregular%7COpen%20Sans%20Condensed%3A300%2C300italic%2C700&#038;display=swap" /></noscript> <link rel="pingback" href="https://monthlyreview.org/xmlrpc.php" /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <!-- Mobile viewport scale --> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/" /> <link rel="next" href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/page/2/" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Monthly Review" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Monthly Review | Ideology" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/mr-logo_500px.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="500" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="500" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@monthly_review" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Monthly Review | Ideology" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/mr-logo_500px.jpg" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="tsPYyAIykoIKilRrLudTp6NE-rDL4I9sFlw00YKAKyI" /> <meta name="msvalidate.01" content="DDA3CD0AB040F83F57996792982A0C86" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://monthlyreview.org/#/schema/WebSite","url":"https://monthlyreview.org/","name":"Monthly Review","description":"An Independent Socialist Magazine","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://monthlyreview.org/search/{search_term_string}/"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://monthlyreview.org/#/schema/Organization","name":"Monthly Review","url":"https://monthlyreview.org/","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/monthly.review.magazine/","https://twitter.com/monthly_review/","http://instagram.com/monthlyreview","https://www.linkedin.com/company/monthly-review/"]}},{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/","url":"https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/","name":"Monthly Review | Ideology","inLanguage":"en-US","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://monthlyreview.org/#/schema/WebSite"},"breadcrumb":{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://monthlyreview.org/#/schema/BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":"https://monthlyreview.org/","name":"Monthly Review"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":"https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/marxism/","name":"Marxism"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Ideology"}]}}]}</script> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me' /> <link href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link href='https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me' rel='preconnect' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Monthly Review &raquo; Feed" href="https://monthlyreview.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Monthly Review &raquo; Comments Feed" href="https://monthlyreview.org/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Monthly Review &raquo; Ideology Subject Feed" href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/feed/" /> <!-- This site uses the Google Analytics by MonsterInsights plugin v9.3.0 - Using Analytics tracking - https://www.monsterinsights.com/ --> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-90FHGY5076" data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" data-rocket-type="text/javascript" async></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" data-rocket-type="text/javascript"> var mi_version = '9.3.0'; var mi_track_user = true; var mi_no_track_reason = ''; var MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations = {"page_location":"https:\/\/monthlyreview.org\/subjects\/ideology\/","page_referrer":"https:\/\/monthlyreview.org"}; if ( typeof MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter === 'function' ) { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery ) : MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations ); } else { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery : MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations; } var disableStrs = [ 'ga-disable-G-90FHGY5076', ]; /* Function to detect opted out users */ function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { return true; } } return false; } /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. */ if (__gtagTrackerIsOptedOut()) { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } /* Opt-out function */ function __gtagTrackerOptout() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { function gaOptout() { __gtagTrackerOptout(); } } window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.MonsterInsightsDualTracker = { helpers: {}, trackers: {}, }; if (mi_track_user) { function __gtagDataLayer() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) { if (!parameters) { parameters = {}; } if (parameters.send_to) { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); return; } if (type === 'event') { parameters.send_to = monsterinsights_frontend.v4_id; var hookName = name; if (typeof parameters['event_category'] !== 'undefined') { hookName = parameters['event_category'] + ':' + name; } if (typeof MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName] !== 'undefined') { MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName](parameters); } else { __gtagDataLayer('event', name, parameters); } } else { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); } } __gtagTracker('js', new Date()); __gtagTracker('set', { 'developer_id.dZGIzZG': true, }); if ( MonsterInsightsLocations.page_location ) { __gtagTracker('set', MonsterInsightsLocations); } __gtagTracker('config', 'G-90FHGY5076', {"forceSSL":"true","link_attribution":"true"} ); window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. */ var noopfn = function () { return null; }; var newtracker = function () { return new Tracker(); }; var Tracker = function () { return null; }; var p = Tracker.prototype; p.get = noopfn; p.set = noopfn; p.send = function () { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); args.unshift('send'); __gaTracker.apply(null, args); }; var __gaTracker = function () { var len = arguments.length; if (len === 0) { return; } var f = arguments[len - 1]; if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { if ('send' === arguments[0]) { var hitConverted, hitObject = false, action; if ('event' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[3]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': arguments[3], 'eventCategory': arguments[2], 'eventLabel': arguments[4], 'value': arguments[5] ? arguments[5] : 1, } } } if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': 'page_view', 'page_path': arguments[2], } } } if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') { hitObject = arguments[2]; } if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]); } if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) { hitObject = arguments[1]; if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; } } if (hitObject) { action = 'timing' === arguments[1].hitType ? 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; hitConverted = mapArgs(hitObject); __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); } } return; } function mapArgs(args) { var arg, hit = {}; var gaMap = { 'eventCategory': 'event_category', 'eventAction': 'event_action', 'eventLabel': 'event_label', 'eventValue': 'event_value', 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', 'timingCategory': 'event_category', 'timingVar': 'name', 'timingValue': 'value', 'timingLabel': 'event_label', 'page': 'page_path', 'location': 'page_location', 'title': 'page_title', 'referrer' : 'page_referrer', }; for (arg in args) { if (!(!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; } else { hit[arg] = args[arg]; } } return hit; } try { f.hitCallback(); } catch (ex) { } }; __gaTracker.create = newtracker; __gaTracker.getByName = newtracker; __gaTracker.getAll = function () { return []; }; __gaTracker.remove = noopfn; __gaTracker.loaded = true; window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; })(); } else { console.log(""); (function () { function __gtagTracker() { return null; } window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; })(); } </script> <!-- / Google Analytics by MonsterInsights --> <style type="text/css"> @media only screen and (min-width: 980px) { body.two-col-left-1100 #main-sidebar-container { width: 100%; } body.two-col-left-1100 #main-sidebar-container #sidebar { width: 27.385%; } body.two-col-left-1100 #main-sidebar-container #main { width: 69.385%; } } </style> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=019f1420ad166e74856047cb792b0972' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='co-authors-plus-coauthors-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow [class*=wp-block-co-authors-plus]{display:inline} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-avatar-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-image-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignfull,.alignwide) :where(img){width:100%}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: "Inter", sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cardo: Cardo;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='widgetopts-styles-css' href='https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/widget-options/assets/css/widget-options.css?ver=4.1.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='woocommerce-inline-inline-css' type='text/css'> .woocommerce form .form-row .required { visibility: visible; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='brands-styles-css' href='https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/css/brands.css?ver=9.7.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='theme-stylesheet-css' href='https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/themes/mr-canvas/style.css?ver=5.4.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='woocommerce-css' href='https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/themes/canvas/includes/integrations/woocommerce/css/woocommerce.css?ver=019f1420ad166e74856047cb792b0972' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='woo-gravity-forms-css' href='https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/themes/canvas/includes/integrations/gravity-forms/css/gravity-forms.css?ver=019f1420ad166e74856047cb792b0972' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='prettyPhoto-css' href='https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/themes/canvas/includes/css/prettyPhoto.css?ver=019f1420ad166e74856047cb792b0972' type='text/css' media='all' /> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <link href="https://monthlyreview.org/wp-content/themes/canvas/css/non-responsive.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <style type="text/css">.col-full, #wrapper { width: 1100px; max-width: 1100px; } #inner-wrapper { padding: 0; } body.full-width #header, #nav-container, body.full-width #content, body.full-width #footer-widgets, body.full-width #footer { padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; } body.fixed-mobile #top, body.fixed-mobile #header-container, body.fixed-mobile #footer-container, body.fixed-mobile #nav-container, body.fixed-mobile #footer-widgets-container { min-width: 1100px; padding: 0 1em; } body.full-width #content { width: auto; padding: 0 1em;}</style> <![endif]--> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-premium/assets/js/frontend-gtag.min.js?ver=9.3.0" id="monsterinsights-frontend-script-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" id='monsterinsights-frontend-script-js-extra'>/* <![CDATA[ */ var monsterinsights_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"doc,pdf,ppt,zip,xls,docx,pptx,xlsx,epub,mobi","inbound_paths":"[]","home_url":"https:\/\/monthlyreview.org","hash_tracking":"false","v4_id":"G-90FHGY5076"};/* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jquery-blockui-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var jquery_blockui_params = {"min_password_strength":"2","i18n_password_error":"<span class=\"mr-red\">Please enter a stronger password.<\/span>","i18n_password_hint":"Your password must be <strong>at least 7 characters<\/strong> and contain a mix of <strong>UPPER<\/strong> and <strong>lowercase<\/strong> letters, <strong>numbers<\/strong>, and <strong>symbols<\/strong> (e.g., <strong> ! \" ? % ^ & <\/strong>). Keep adding additional characters and\/or variation until this prompt disappears\u2014you cannot save changes until it is gone."}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/jquery-blockui/jquery.blockUI.min.js?ver=2.7.0-wc.9.7.0" id="jquery-blockui-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="js-cookie-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var js_cookie_params = {"min_password_strength":"2","i18n_password_error":"<span class=\"mr-red\">Please enter a stronger password.<\/span>","i18n_password_hint":"Your password must be <strong>at least 7 characters<\/strong> and contain a mix of <strong>UPPER<\/strong> and <strong>lowercase<\/strong> letters, <strong>numbers<\/strong>, and <strong>symbols<\/strong> (e.g., <strong> ! \" ? % ^ & <\/strong>). Keep adding additional characters and\/or variation until this prompt disappears\u2014you cannot save changes until it is gone."}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/js-cookie/js.cookie.min.js?ver=2.1.4-wc.9.7.0" id="js-cookie-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="woocommerce-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var woocommerce_params = {"ajax_url":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","wc_ajax_url":"\/?wc-ajax=%%endpoint%%","i18n_password_show":"Show password","i18n_password_hide":"Hide password","min_password_strength":"2","i18n_password_error":"<span class=\"mr-red\">Please enter a stronger password.<\/span>","i18n_password_hint":"Your password must be <strong>at least 7 characters<\/strong> and contain a mix of <strong>UPPER<\/strong> and <strong>lowercase<\/strong> letters, <strong>numbers<\/strong>, and <strong>symbols<\/strong> (e.g., <strong> ! \" ? % ^ & <\/strong>). Keep adding additional characters and\/or variation until this prompt disappears\u2014you cannot save changes until it is gone."}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/frontend/woocommerce.min.js?ver=9.7.0" id="woocommerce-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/themes/mr-canvas/js/hovernotes.js?ver=019f1420ad166e74856047cb792b0972" id="crb-hovernotes-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/themes/mr-canvas/js/functions.js?ver=019f1420ad166e74856047cb792b0972" id="crb-functions-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/themes/canvas/includes/js/third-party.min.js?ver=019f1420ad166e74856047cb792b0972" id="third-party-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/themes/canvas/includes/js/modernizr.min.js?ver=2.6.2" id="modernizr-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/prettyPhoto/jquery.prettyPhoto.min.js?ver=3.1.6-wc.9.7.0" id="prettyPhoto-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/themes/canvas/includes/js/general.min.js?ver=019f1420ad166e74856047cb792b0972" id="general-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <!-- Adjust the website width --> <style type="text/css"> .col-full, #wrapper { max-width: 1100px !important; } </style> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://monthlyreview.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://monthlyreview.org/wp-json/wp/v2/subject/6070" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://monthlyreview.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript"> var el_i13_login_captcha=null; var el_i13_register_captcha=null; </script><style type="text/css">.tptn_posts_list_widget {margin-bottom: 0px} .tptn_posts_widget ul {list-style:decimal; list-style-position:inside} .tptn_posts_widget ul li {margin-top:2px} </style> <!-- Custom CSS Styling --> <style type="text/css"> body {background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:top left;background-attachment:scroll;border-top:0px solid #000000;} a:link, a:visited, #loopedSlider a.flex-prev:hover, #loopedSlider a.flex-next:hover {color:#880000} .quantity .plus, .quantity .minus {background-color: #880000;} a:hover, .post-more a:hover, .post-meta a:hover, .post p.tags a:hover {color:#880000} body #wrapper .button, body #wrapper #content .button, body #wrapper #content .button:visited, body #wrapper #content .reply a, body #wrapper #content #respond .form-submit input#submit, input[type=submit], body #wrapper #searchsubmit, #navigation ul.cart .button, body #wrapper .woo-sc-button {border: none; background:#880000} body #wrapper .button:hover, body #wrapper #content .button:hover, body #wrapper #content .reply a:hover, body #wrapper #content #respond .form-submit input#submit:hover, input[type=submit]:hover, body #wrapper #searchsubmit:hover, #navigation ul.cart .button:hover, body #wrapper .woo-sc-button:hover {border: none; background:#d62e2b} #header {background-color:#870000;background-image:url(https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/header.png);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:left top;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;border:0px solid ;} #logo .site-title a {font:normal 2.5em/1em 'Vidaloka', arial, sans-serif;color:f7f7f7;} #logo .site-description {font:normal 0.9em/1em 'Muli', arial, sans-serif;color:#f7f7f7;} #inner-wrapper {padding-left:30px; padding-right:30px;background-color:#ffffff;border-top:1px solid #dbdbdb;border-bottom:1px solid #dbdbdb;border-left:1px solid #dbdbdb;border-right:1px solid #dbdbdb;border-radius:0px;} .col-full { width: auto; } @media only screen and (max-width:767px) { #inner-wrapper { margin:0; border-radius:none; padding-left:1em; padding-right: 1em; border: none; } } body, p { font:normal 1em/1.5em 'Open Sans', arial, sans-serif;color:#444444; } h1 { font:normal 2em/1.2em 'Crimson Text', arial, sans-serif;color:#222222; }h2 { font:normal 1.6em/1.2em 'Crimson Text', arial, sans-serif;color:#222222; }h3 { font:normal 1.5em/1.2em 'Crimson Text', arial, sans-serif;color:#222222; }h4 { font:bold 1.2em/1.2em 'Crimson Text', arial, sans-serif;color:#222222; }h5 { font:bold 1.1em/1.2em 'Crimson Text', arial, sans-serif;color:#222222; }h6 { font:normal 1em/1.2em 'Crimson Text', arial, sans-serif;color:#222222; } .page-title, .post .title, .page .title {font:bold 2.1em/1.1em 'Open Sans Condensed', arial, sans-serif;color:#222222;} .post .title a:link, .post .title a:visited, .page .title a:link, .page .title a:visited {color:#222222} .post-meta { font:normal 1em/1.5em 'Average Sans', arial, sans-serif;color:#880000; } .entry, .entry p{ font:normal 1em/1.5em 'Open Sans', arial, sans-serif;color:#444444; } .post-more {font:normal 1em/1.5em Average Sans;color:;border-top:0px solid #e6e6e6;border-bottom:0px solid #e6e6e6;} #post-author, #connect {border-top:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-left:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-right:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;background-color:#fafafa} .nav-entries a, .woo-pagination { font:normal 0.8em/1em 'Open Sans', arial, sans-serif;color:#888888; } .woo-pagination a, .woo-pagination a:hover {color:#888888!important} .widget h3 {font:bold 1.2em/1.2em Average Sans;color:#555555;border-bottom:1px solid #880000;} .widget_recent_comments li, #twitter li { border-color: #880000;} .widget p, .widget .textwidget { font:normal 0.9em/1.5em 'Average Sans', arial, sans-serif;color:#555555; } .widget {font:normal 0.9em/1.5em Average Sans;color:#555555;border-radius:0px;-moz-border-radius:0px;-webkit-border-radius:0px;} #tabs .inside li a, .widget_woodojo_tabs .tabbable .tab-pane li a { font:bold 1.3em/1.5em 'Average Sans', arial, sans-serif;color:#555555; } #tabs .inside li span.meta, .widget_woodojo_tabs .tabbable .tab-pane li span.meta { font:normal 1em/1.5em 'Average Sans', arial, sans-serif;color:#999999; } #tabs ul.wooTabs li a, .widget_woodojo_tabs .tabbable .nav-tabs li a { font:normal 1em/2em 'Average Sans', arial, sans-serif;color:#999999; } @media only screen and (min-width:768px) { ul.nav li a, #navigation ul.rss a, #navigation ul.cart a.cart-contents, #navigation .cart-contents #navigation ul.rss, #navigation ul.nav-search, #navigation ul.nav-search a { font:normal 1.1em/1.2em 'Average Sans', arial, sans-serif;color:#444444; } #navigation ul.rss li a:before, #navigation ul.nav-search a.search-contents:before { color:#444444;} #navigation ul.nav li ul, #navigation ul.cart > li > ul > div { border: 0px solid #dbdbdb; } #navigation ul.nav > li:hover > ul { left: 0; } #navigation ul.nav > li { border-right: 0px solid #dbdbdb; }#navigation ul.nav > li:hover > ul { left: 0; } #navigation { box-shadow: none; -moz-box-shadow: none; -webkit-box-shadow: none; }#navigation ul li:first-child, #navigation ul li:first-child a { border-radius:0px 0 0 0px; -moz-border-radius:0px 0 0 0px; -webkit-border-radius:0px 0 0 0px; } #navigation {border-top:0px solid #dbdbdb;border-bottom:0px solid #dbdbdb;border-left:0px solid #dbdbdb;border-right:0px solid #dbdbdb;border-radius:0px; -moz-border-radius:0px; -webkit-border-radius:0px;} #top ul.nav li a { font:normal 1em/1.6em 'Average Sans', arial, sans-serif;color:#ddd; } } #footer, #footer p { font:normal 0.9em/1.4em 'Average Sans', arial, sans-serif;color:#666666; } #footer {background-color:#f7f7f7;border-top:1px solid #dbdbdb;border-bottom:0px solid ;border-left:0px solid ;border-right:0px solid ;border-radius:0px; -moz-border-radius:0px; -webkit-border-radius:0px;} .magazine #loopedSlider .content h2.title a { font:normal 1.8em/1em 'Crimson Text', arial, sans-serif;color:#ffffff; } .wooslider-theme-magazine .slide-title a { font:normal 1.8em/1em 'Crimson Text', arial, sans-serif;color:#ffffff; } .magazine #loopedSlider .content .excerpt p { font:normal 1em/1.5em 'Open Sans', arial, sans-serif;color:#e5e5e5; } .wooslider-theme-magazine .slide-content p, .wooslider-theme-magazine .slide-excerpt p { font:normal 1em/1.5em 'Open Sans', arial, sans-serif;color:#e5e5e5; } .magazine .block .post .title a {font:normal 1.2em/1.2em 'Crimson Text', arial, sans-serif;color:#222222; } #loopedSlider.business-slider .content h2 { font:bold 24px/1em Arial, sans-serif;color:#ffffff; } #loopedSlider.business-slider .content h2.title a { font:bold 24px/1em Arial, sans-serif;color:#ffffff; } .wooslider-theme-business .has-featured-image .slide-title { font:bold 24px/1em Arial, sans-serif;color:#ffffff; } .wooslider-theme-business .has-featured-image .slide-title a { font:bold 24px/1em Arial, sans-serif;color:#ffffff; } #wrapper #loopedSlider.business-slider .content p { font:300 13px/1.5em Arial, sans-serif;color:#cccccc; } .wooslider-theme-business .has-featured-image .slide-content p { font:300 13px/1.5em Arial, sans-serif;color:#cccccc; } .wooslider-theme-business .has-featured-image .slide-excerpt p { font:300 13px/1.5em Arial, sans-serif;color:#cccccc; } .archive_header { font:normal 1em/1em 'Crimson Text', arial, sans-serif;color:#444444; } .archive_header {border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6;} </style> <!-- Custom Favicon --> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/mr_favicon.png"/> <!-- Woo Shortcodes CSS --> <link href="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/themes/canvas/functions/css/shortcodes.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <!-- Custom Stylesheet --> <link href="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/themes/canvas/custom.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <!-- Theme version --> <meta name="generator" content="MR-Canvas 5.4.6" /> <meta name="generator" content="Canvas 5.12.0" /> <meta name="generator" content="WooFramework 6.2.9" /> <!-- Google Webfonts --> <noscript><style>.woocommerce-product-gallery{ opacity: 1 !important; }</style></noscript> <style type="text/css" id="woo-header-css"> #logo .site-title a { color: #ffffff; } </style> <style class='wp-fonts-local' type='text/css'> @font-face{font-family:Inter;font-style:normal;font-weight:300 900;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://monthlyreview.org/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/fonts/Inter-VariableFont_slnt,wght.woff2') format('woff2');font-stretch:normal;} @font-face{font-family:Cardo;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/fonts/cardo_normal_400.woff2') format('woff2');} </style> <noscript><style id="rocket-lazyload-nojs-css">.rll-youtube-player, [data-lazy-src]{display:none !important;}</style></noscript><meta name="generator" content="WP Rocket 3.18.2" data-wpr-features="wpr_delay_js wpr_defer_js wpr_lazyload_images wpr_lazyload_iframes wpr_cdn wpr_desktop" /></head> <body class="archive tax-subject term-ideology term-6070 theme-canvas woocommerce woocommerce-page woocommerce-no-js gecko alt-style-default has-lightbox boxed-layout one-col width-1100 one-col-1100 two-col-left two-col-left-1100"> <div data-rocket-location-hash="33a51ce4811700f4830645d37fdf24b5" id="top"> <div data-rocket-location-hash="76eadd95167d09a0db72966c830cf4ef" class="col-full"> <h3 class="top-menu">Top Menu</h3><ul id="top-nav" class="nav top-navigation fl"><li id="menu-item-186832" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-186832"><a href="https://monthlyreviewarchives.org">Archives</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3808" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3808"><a href="http://www.monthlyreview.org/press/" title="Monthly Review Press">MR Press</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3806" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-3806"><a href="https://mronline.org/">MR Online</a></li> <li id="menu-item-164204" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-164204"><a href="https://mronline.org/category/monthly-review-essays/" title="MR Essays">Monthly Review Essays</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7925" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7925"><a href="http://climateandcapitalism.com/">Climate &amp; Capitalism</a></li> <li id="menu-item-139781" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-139781"><a href="https://mronline.org/money-on-the-left/">Money on the Left</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83066" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-product menu-item-83066"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/donation/" title="Donate to Monthly Review">Donate</a></li> <li id="menu-item-40414" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-40414"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/my-account/" title="Click here to log in to your account">Login</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- /#top --> <div data-rocket-location-hash="b0fd9eb37fd549d17663a3230317927c" id="wrapper"> <div data-rocket-location-hash="387e2c07e3ef9e898e8ce509bafa3b27" id="inner-wrapper"> <h3 class="nav-toggle icon"><a href="#navigation">Navigation</a></h3> <header data-rocket-location-hash="25c39efba8faa731f356a3fad4ed3a6f" id="header" class="col-full"> <div id="logo"> <span class="site-title"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/">Monthly Review</a></span> <span class="site-description">An Independent Socialist Magazine</span> </div> </header> <nav id="navigation" class="col-full" role="navigation"> <section class="menus nav-icons nav-icons-1 cart-extended"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org" class="nav-home"><span>Home</span></a> <h3>Main Menu</h3><ul id="main-nav" class="nav fl"><li id="menu-item-118834" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-118834"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subscribe/">Subscribe</a></li> <li id="menu-item-146616" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-146616"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/organizational-solidarity-offer/" title="Organizational Solidarity Offer">Solidarity Offer!</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21995" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-21995"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/store/" title="Shop Monthly Review Press">Store</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-25770" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-product_cat menu-item-25770"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/product-category/books/">Books</a></li> <li id="menu-item-25769" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-product_cat menu-item-25769"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/product-category/back-issues/">Back Issues</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21996" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21996"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/cart/" title="My Cart">View My Cart</a></li> <li id="menu-item-25772" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-25772"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/checkout/" title="Checkout Now">Checkout</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-18100" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-18100"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/press/" title="Monthly Review Press">Press</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-200631" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-200631"><a href="https://form.jotform.com/243428893367167" title="Submit a Book Proposal or Manuscript to Monthly Review Press">Submit a Book Proposal or Manuscript</a></li> <li id="menu-item-176552" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-product_tag menu-item-176552"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/product-tag/new-recently-released/" title="New and Recently Released">New &amp; Recently Released</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18101" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18101"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/mrpress/catalogs/" title="Click to Download Monthly Review Press Catalogs by Year">MR Press Catalogs</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18103" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18103"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/mrpress/mrpress-books-list/" title="Full List of Monthly Review Press Books">Books (list of all titles)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18107" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18107"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/mrpress/info/" title="Information about discounts, shipping, &#038; eBooks ">Discounts, Shipping, and eBooks</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18109" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18109"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/mrpress/request-a-review-or-desk-copy/">Request a Review or Desk Copy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18110" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18110"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/mrpress/sales-and-distribution/">Sales and Distribution</a></li> <li id="menu-item-165362" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-165362"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/baran-sweezy-memorial-award/" title="The Paul A. Baran鈥擯aul M. Sweezy Memorial Award">Baran鈥擲weezy Memorial Award</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-18111" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-18111"><a href="#">Browse</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-89973" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-89973"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/search/">Search</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18115" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18115"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/browse-the-archives/" title="Browse available online issues">by Year and Issue</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18117" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18117"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/browse-the-archives/articles-by-subject/" title="Browse by subject area">by Subject</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18118" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18118"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/browse-the-archives/by-geographic-location/" title="Browse by geographic location">by Geographic Location</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18119" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18119"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/browse-the-archives/archives-by-magazine-section/" title="Browse by magazine section">by Magazine Section</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18120" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-18120"><a href="https://monthlyreviewarchives.org/" title="Visit the MR archives">Complete archive, 1949鈥損resent</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-18121" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-18121"><a href="#">Contact</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-200861" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-200861"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/contact/submissions/">Submit an Article or Book Proposal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18112" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18112"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/contact/" title="Contact the editors, make an order inquiry, update subscription information, etc.">Contact <em>Monthly Review</em></a></li> <li id="menu-item-18123" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18123"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/contact/reprint-permissions/">Reprint Permissions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18124" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18124"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/contact/advertise/">Advertise in <em>Monthly Review</em></a></li> <li id="menu-item-18113" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-18113"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/about/" title="About Monthly Review">About</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-18126" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18126"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/about/the-editors/" title="The Editors of Monthly Review&#8217;s ">The Editors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18128" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-18128"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="https://monthlyreview.org/about/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18129" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18129"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/about/donate/" title="Support Monthly Review">Donate to <em>MR</em></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-25767" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-25767"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/help/" title="Account, Login, and eBook Support">Help</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-117608" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-117608"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/help/faq/" title="Frequently Asked Questions">FAQ</a></li> <li id="menu-item-117609" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-117609"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/help/general-announcement/" title="Read here for more info">New Subscription System!</a></li> <li id="menu-item-61417" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-61417"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/help/how-to-download-and-convert-ebooks/">How to Download and Convert eBooks</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-22004" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-22004"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/my-account/" title="Manage Account Preferences, Subscriptions and Orders">My Account</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-117635" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-117635"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/my-account/my-subscription/" title="View and/or Renew your MR subscription">View/Renew Subscription</a></li> <li id="menu-item-73045" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-73045"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/my-account/edit-account/" title="Account Preferences">Change Email/Password</a></li> <li id="menu-item-73047" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-73047"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/my-account/lost-password/">Recover My Password</a></li> <li id="menu-item-73046" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-73046"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/my-account/edit-address/" title="Edit your mailing address">Change Address</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="side-nav"> <ul class="cart fr no-rss-link"> <li> <a class="cart-contents" href="https://monthlyreview.org/cart/" title="View your shopping cart"> <span class="count">0 items</span> - <span class="woocommerce-Price-amount amount"><bdi><span class="woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol">&#036;</span>0.00</bdi></span> </a> <ul> <li><div class="widget woocommerce widget_shopping_cart"><div class="widget_shopping_cart_content"></div></div></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div><!-- /#side-nav --> </section><!-- /.menus --> <a href="#top" class="nav-close"><span>Return to Content</span></a> </nav> <!-- #content Starts --> <div data-rocket-location-hash="95eddc2b609bc459c61fc58f88df5d4a" id="content" class="col-full"> <div id="main-sidebar-container"> <!-- #main Starts --> <section id="main" class="col-left"> <div class="loop-meta"> <h1 class="loop-title">Ideology</h1> </div> <div data-rocket-location-hash="e5cfa9790064fbaaa08db600d48eb11b" class="fix"></div> <article class="post-201394 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-14010 category-volume-76-issue-10-march geography-global subject-history subject-ideology subject-marxism subject-philosophy subject_geography-geography subject_geography-global subject_geography-history subject_geography-ideology subject_geography-marxism subject_geography-philosophy subject_geography-subject"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2025/03/01/the-necessity-of-a-universal-project/" class="post-thumnbail"><img width="100" height="146" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%20146'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-small_thumb size-small_thumb wp-post-image" alt="In Defense of History: Marxism and the Postmodern Agenda" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/1997/01/PB9835-100x146.jpg" /><noscript><img width="100" height="146" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/1997/01/PB9835-100x146.jpg" class="attachment-small_thumb size-small_thumb wp-post-image" alt="In Defense of History: Marxism and the Postmodern Agenda" decoding="async" /></noscript></a> <header> <h2 class="title post-title"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2025/03/01/the-necessity-of-a-universal-project/">The Necessity of a Universal Project</a></h2> </header> <div class="byline"> <div class="mr-byline"><em>by</em> <span class="coauthors"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/ellenmeiksinswood/" title="Posts by Ellen Meiksins Wood" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ellen Meiksins Wood</a></span></div> <span class="pubdate"><abbr class="published">(Mar 01, 2025)</abbr></span> <div class="byline-tags"> <span class="subject"> <span class="before">Topics: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/history/" rel="tag">History</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/" rel="tag">Ideology</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/marxism/" rel="tag">Marxism</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/philosophy/" rel="tag">Philosophy</a> </span> <span class="geography"> <span class="before">Places: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/global/" rel="tag">Global</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="non鈭抯ubscriber">This article will be released in full online March 10, 2025.</div> <p>In this excerpt from Ellen Meiksins Wood&#8217;s <em>In Defense of History</em>, Wood appraises the state of postmodern thought in the late twentieth century. &#8220;Today&#8217;s postmodernism,&#8221; Wood writes, &#8220;for all of its apparently defeatist pessimism, is still rooted in the &#8216;Golden Age of Capitalism.&#8217; It&#8217;s time to leave that legacy behind and face today&#8217;s realities.&#8221;&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a class="more-link" href="https://monthlyreview.org/2025/03/01/the-necessity-of-a-universal-project/" title="The Necessity of a Universal Project">more&hellip;</a></p> </article> <div class="fix"></div> <div class="sectionwrap"> <span class="section"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/section/notes-from-the-editors/" rel="tag">Notes from the Editors</a> </span> </div> <article class="post-200537 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-13921 category-volume-76-issue-07-december section-notes-from-the-editors geography-israel geography-middle-east geography-palestine subject-ideology subject-imperialism subject-inequality subject-marxism subject-movements subject-race subject-state-repression subject_geography-europe subject_geography-geography subject_geography-ideology subject_geography-imperialism subject_geography-inequality subject_geography-israel subject_geography-marxism subject_geography-middle-east subject_geography-movements subject_geography-palestine subject_geography-race subject_geography-state-repression subject_geography-subject"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/12/01/mr-076-07-2024-11_0/" class="post-thumnbail"><picture class="attachment-small_thumb size-small_thumb wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/MR-076-07-2024-11-100x146.png.webp"/> <img width="100" height="146" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%20146'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Monthly Review Volume 76, Number 7 (December 2024)" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/MR-076-07-2024-11-100x146.png"/><noscript><img width="100" height="146" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/MR-076-07-2024-11-100x146.png" alt="Monthly Review Volume 76, Number 7 (December 2024)" decoding="async"/></noscript> </picture> </a> <header> <h2 class="title post-title"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/12/01/mr-076-07-2024-11_0/">December 2024 (Volume 76, Number 7)</a></h2> </header> <div class="byline"> <div class="mr-byline"><em>by</em> <span class="coauthors"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/monthlyrevieweditors/" title="Posts by The Editors" class="author url fn" rel="author">The Editors</a></span></div> <span class="pubdate"><abbr class="published">(Dec 01, 2024)</abbr></span> <div class="byline-tags"> <span class="subject"> <span class="before">Topics: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/" rel="tag">Ideology</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/imperialism/" rel="tag">Imperialism</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/inequality/" rel="tag">Inequality</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/marxism/" rel="tag">Marxism</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/movements/" rel="tag">Movements</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/race/" rel="tag">Race</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/state-repression/" rel="tag">State Repression</a> </span> <span class="geography"> <span class="before">Places: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/middle-east/israel/" rel="tag">Israel</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/middle-east/" rel="tag">Middle East</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/middle-east/palestine/" rel="tag">Palestine</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="buynow"><a title="Back issue of Monthly Review Volume 76, Number 07 (December 2024)" href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/mr-076-07-2024-11/">buy this issue</a></div> <p>As the atrocities visited by Israel upon the Palestinian people continue to multiply, this month&#8217;s &#8220;Notes from the Editors is a forceful condemnation of not only the Zionist entity, but the entire U.S.-led neoliberal world order. Israel&#8217;s relentless pursuit of genocide in Palestine &#8220;has destroyed any pretense of a commitment to universal human rights on the part of the West,&#8221; undeniably revealing &#8220;imperialism and settler colonialism in their most brutal forms&#8221; as the entire world watches.&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a class="more-link" href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/12/01/mr-076-07-2024-11_0/" title="December 2024 (Volume 76, Number 7)">more&hellip;</a></p> </article> <div class="fix"></div> <div class="sectionwrap"> <span class="section"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/section/review/" rel="tag">Review</a> </span> </div> <article class="post-200545 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-13921 category-volume-76-issue-07-december section-review geography-europe geography-germany subject-capitalism subject-ideology subject-marxism subject-movements subject-political-economy subject-revolutions subject-socialism subject_geography-capitalism subject_geography-europe subject_geography-geography subject_geography-germany subject_geography-ideology subject_geography-marxism subject_geography-movements subject_geography-political-economy subject_geography-revolutions subject_geography-socialism subject_geography-subject"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/12/01/ancient-marxist-history/" class="post-thumnbail"><img width="100" height="146" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%20146'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-small_thumb size-small_thumb wp-post-image" alt="The Dreadful History and Judgement of God on Thomas M眉ntzer: The Life and Times of an Early German Revolutionary, Andrew Drummond" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/9781839768958-100x146.webp" /><noscript><img width="100" height="146" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/9781839768958-100x146.webp" class="attachment-small_thumb size-small_thumb wp-post-image" alt="The Dreadful History and Judgement of God on Thomas M眉ntzer: The Life and Times of an Early German Revolutionary, Andrew Drummond" decoding="async" /></noscript></a> <header> <h2 class="title post-title"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/12/01/ancient-marxist-history/">Ancient Marxist History</a></h2> </header> <div class="byline"> <div class="mr-byline"><em>by</em> <span class="coauthors"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/paulbuhle/" title="Posts by Paul Buhle" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paul Buhle</a></span></div> <span class="pubdate"><abbr class="published">(Dec 01, 2024)</abbr></span> <div class="byline-tags"> <span class="subject"> <span class="before">Topics: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/capitalism/" rel="tag">Capitalism</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/" rel="tag">Ideology</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/marxism/" rel="tag">Marxism</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/movements/" rel="tag">Movements</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/political-economy/" rel="tag">Political Economy</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/revolutions/" rel="tag">Revolutions</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/socialism/" rel="tag">Socialism</a> </span> <span class="geography"> <span class="before">Places: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/europe/" rel="tag">Europe</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/europe/germany/" rel="tag">Germany</a> </span> </div> </div> <p>In this review of Andrew Drummond&#8217;s <em>The Dreadful History and Judgement of God on Thomas M&uuml;ntzer</em> (Verso Books, 2024), Paul Buhle explores how the influence of this Christian priest reverberated throughout the centuries, inspiring generations of future revolutionaries&mdash;including Karl Marx himself.&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a class="more-link" href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/12/01/ancient-marxist-history/" title="Ancient Marxist History">more&hellip;</a></p> </article> <div class="fix"></div> <article class="post-198896 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-13921 category-volume-76-issue-03-july-august geography-americas geography-asia geography-china geography-united-states subject-geography subject-history subject-ideology subject-imperialism subject-inequality subject-marxism subject_geography-americas subject_geography-asia subject_geography-china subject_geography-geography subject_geography-history subject_geography-ideology subject_geography-imperialism subject_geography-inequality subject_geography-marxism subject_geography-subject subject_geography-united-states"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/changes-in-u-s-grand-strategy-in-the-indo-pacific-and-chinas-countermeasures/" class="post-thumnbail"><picture class="attachment-small_thumb size-small_thumb wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/ASEAN_HQ-100x146.jpg.webp"/> <img width="100" height="146" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%20146'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="The Headquarters of Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN) in Jalan Sisingamangaraja No.70A, South Jakarta, Indonesia" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/ASEAN_HQ-100x146.jpg"/><noscript><img width="100" height="146" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/ASEAN_HQ-100x146.jpg" alt="The Headquarters of Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN) in Jalan Sisingamangaraja No.70A, South Jakarta, Indonesia" decoding="async"/></noscript> </picture> </a> <header> <h2 class="title post-title"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/changes-in-u-s-grand-strategy-in-the-indo-pacific-and-chinas-countermeasures/">Changes in U.S. Grand Strategy in the Indo-Pacific and China&#8217;s Countermeasures</a></h2> </header> <div class="byline"> <div class="mr-byline"><em>by</em> <span class="coauthors"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/chengenfu/" title="Posts by Cheng Enfu" class="author url fn" rel="author">Cheng Enfu</a> and <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/lijing/" title="Posts by Li Jing" class="author url fn" rel="author">Li Jing</a></span></div> <span class="pubdate"><abbr class="published">(Jul 01, 2024)</abbr></span> <div class="byline-tags"> <span class="subject"> <span class="before">Topics: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/geography/" rel="tag">Geography</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/history/" rel="tag">History</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/" rel="tag">Ideology</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/imperialism/" rel="tag">Imperialism</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/inequality/" rel="tag">Inequality</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/marxism/" rel="tag">Marxism</a> </span> <span class="geography"> <span class="before">Places: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/americas/" rel="tag">Americas</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/asia/" rel="tag">Asia</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/asia/china/" rel="tag">China</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/americas/united-states/" rel="tag">United States</a> </span> </div> </div> <p>Cheng Enfu and Li Jing survey the current economic, diplomatic, and security status quo between China and the United States, with an eye toward future policy decisions that could help strengthen China&#8217;s position as a bulwark against the imperial hegemon.&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a class="more-link" href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/changes-in-u-s-grand-strategy-in-the-indo-pacific-and-chinas-countermeasures/" title="Changes in U.S. Grand Strategy in the Indo-Pacific and China&#8217;s Countermeasures">more&hellip;</a></p> </article> <div class="fix"></div> <article class="post-198897 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-13921 category-volume-76-issue-03-july-august geography-americas geography-asia geography-china geography-taiwan geography-united-states subject-geography subject-history subject-ideology subject-imperialism subject-inequality subject-marxism subject_geography-americas subject_geography-asia subject_geography-china subject_geography-geography subject_geography-history subject_geography-ideology subject_geography-imperialism subject_geography-inequality subject_geography-marxism subject_geography-subject subject_geography-taiwan subject_geography-united-states"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/taiwan-an-anti-imperialist-perspective/" class="post-thumnbail"><picture class="attachment-small_thumb size-small_thumb wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/taiwan_resource_graphic@2x-100x146.jpg.webp"/> <img width="100" height="146" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%20146'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Taiwan, the U.S. and China" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/taiwan_resource_graphic@2x-100x146.jpg"/><noscript><img width="100" height="146" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/taiwan_resource_graphic@2x-100x146.jpg" alt="Taiwan, the U.S. and China" decoding="async"/></noscript> </picture> </a> <header> <h2 class="title post-title"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/taiwan-an-anti-imperialist-perspective/">Taiwan: An Anti-Imperialist Perspective</a></h2> </header> <div class="byline"> <div class="mr-byline"><em>by</em> <span class="coauthors"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/qiaocollective/" title="Posts by Qiao Collective" class="author url fn" rel="author">Qiao Collective</a></span></div> <span class="pubdate"><abbr class="published">(Jul 01, 2024)</abbr></span> <div class="byline-tags"> <span class="subject"> <span class="before">Topics: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/geography/" rel="tag">Geography</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/history/" rel="tag">History</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/" rel="tag">Ideology</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/imperialism/" rel="tag">Imperialism</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/inequality/" rel="tag">Inequality</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/marxism/" rel="tag">Marxism</a> </span> <span class="geography"> <span class="before">Places: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/americas/" rel="tag">Americas</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/asia/" rel="tag">Asia</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/asia/china/" rel="tag">China</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/taiwan/" rel="tag">taiwan</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/americas/united-states/" rel="tag">United States</a> </span> </div> </div> <p>&#8220;In the Western imagination,&#8221; the Qiao Collective writes, &#8220;Taiwan exists as little more than a staging ground for ideological war with the People&#8217;s Republic of China.&#8221; However, this not only obscures the deep historical and cultural ties between Taiwan and the mainland, but functions as a justification for U.S. imperial intervention in the South China Sea.&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a class="more-link" href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/07/01/taiwan-an-anti-imperialist-perspective/" title="Taiwan: An Anti-Imperialist Perspective">more&hellip;</a></p> </article> <div class="fix"></div> <div class="sectionwrap"> <span class="section"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/section/review/" rel="tag">Review</a> </span> </div> <article class="post-196897 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-13921 category-volume-75-issue-08-january section-review geography-americas geography-middle-east geography-palestine geography-united-states subject-culture subject-ideology subject-imperialism subject-marxism subject-media subject_geography-americas subject_geography-culture subject_geography-geography subject_geography-ideology subject_geography-imperialism subject_geography-marxism subject_geography-media subject_geography-middle-east subject_geography-palestine subject_geography-subject subject_geography-united-states"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/01/01/palestine-oh-palestine/" class="post-thumnbail"><picture class="attachment-small_thumb size-small_thumb wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Ceasefire-Free-Palestine-December-9-2023-100x146.jpg.webp"/> <img width="100" height="146" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%20146'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Ceasefire Free Palestine December 9 2023" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Ceasefire-Free-Palestine-December-9-2023-100x146.jpg"/><noscript><img width="100" height="146" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Ceasefire-Free-Palestine-December-9-2023-100x146.jpg" alt="Ceasefire Free Palestine December 9 2023" decoding="async"/></noscript> </picture> </a> <header> <h2 class="title post-title"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/01/01/palestine-oh-palestine/">Palestine, Oh, Palestine!</a></h2> </header> <div class="byline"> <div class="mr-byline"><em>by</em> <span class="coauthors"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/paulbuhle/" title="Posts by Paul Buhle" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paul Buhle</a></span></div> <span class="pubdate"><abbr class="published">(Jan 01, 2024)</abbr></span> <div class="byline-tags"> <span class="subject"> <span class="before">Topics: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/culture/" rel="tag">Culture</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/" rel="tag">Ideology</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/imperialism/" rel="tag">Imperialism</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/marxism/" rel="tag">Marxism</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/media/" rel="tag">Media</a> </span> <span class="geography"> <span class="before">Places: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/americas/" rel="tag">Americas</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/middle-east/" rel="tag">Middle East</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/middle-east/palestine/" rel="tag">Palestine</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/americas/united-states/" rel="tag">United States</a> </span> </div> </div> <p>In this review of Linda Dittmar&#8217;s <em>Tracing Homelands</em>, Paul Buhle writes, &#8220;History may yet hold hope when hope is otherwise lacking when we reject the stalemate that only leads to despair.&#8221;&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a class="more-link" href="https://monthlyreview.org/2024/01/01/palestine-oh-palestine/" title="Palestine, Oh, Palestine!">more&hellip;</a></p> </article> <div class="fix"></div> <div class="sectionwrap"> <span class="section"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/section/interview/" rel="tag">Interview</a> </span> </div> <article class="post-196553 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-13751 category-volume-75-issue-07-december section-interview geography-americas geography-united-states subject-ideology subject-imperialism subject-marxism subject-movements subject-state-repression subject_geography-americas subject_geography-geography subject_geography-ideology subject_geography-imperialism subject_geography-marxism subject_geography-movements subject_geography-state-repression subject_geography-subject subject_geography-united-states"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2023/12/01/imperialist-propaganda-and-the-ideology-of-the-western-left-intelligentsia/" class="post-thumnbail"><img width="100" height="146" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%20146'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-small_thumb size-small_thumb wp-post-image" alt="Portrait of the Bourgeoisie (1939) by David Alfaro Siqueiros" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Portrait-of-the-Bourgeoisie-by-David-Alfaro-Siqueiros-100x146.webp" /><noscript><img width="100" height="146" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Portrait-of-the-Bourgeoisie-by-David-Alfaro-Siqueiros-100x146.webp" class="attachment-small_thumb size-small_thumb wp-post-image" alt="Portrait of the Bourgeoisie (1939) by David Alfaro Siqueiros" decoding="async" /></noscript></a> <header> <h2 class="title post-title"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2023/12/01/imperialist-propaganda-and-the-ideology-of-the-western-left-intelligentsia/">Imperialist Propaganda and the Ideology of the Western Left Intelligentsia: From Anticommunism and Identity Politics to Democratic Illusions and Fascism</a></h2> </header> <div class="byline"> <div class="mr-byline"><em>by</em> <span class="coauthors"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/gabrielrockhill/" title="Posts by Gabriel Rockhill" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gabriel Rockhill</a> and <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/zhaodingqi/" title="Posts by Zhao Dingqi" class="author url fn" rel="author">Zhao Dingqi</a></span></div> <span class="pubdate"><abbr class="published">(Dec 01, 2023)</abbr></span> <div class="byline-tags"> <span class="subject"> <span class="before">Topics: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/" rel="tag">Ideology</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/imperialism/" rel="tag">Imperialism</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/marxism/" rel="tag">Marxism</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/movements/" rel="tag">Movements</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/state-repression/" rel="tag">State Repression</a> </span> <span class="geography"> <span class="before">Places: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/americas/" rel="tag">Americas</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/americas/united-states/" rel="tag">United States</a> </span> </div> </div> <p>In this interview with Zhao Dingqi of <em>World Socialism Studies</em>, Gabriel Rockhill dives deep into the CIA&rsquo;s campaign to propagate thinly veiled imperialist and capitalist ideology through the institutions of the Western left intelligentsia&mdash;and how this state of affairs continues among intellectuals to this day.&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a class="more-link" href="https://monthlyreview.org/2023/12/01/imperialist-propaganda-and-the-ideology-of-the-western-left-intelligentsia/" title="Imperialist Propaganda and the Ideology of the Western Left Intelligentsia: From Anticommunism and Identity Politics to Democratic Illusions and Fascism">more&hellip;</a></p> </article> <div class="fix"></div> <article class="post-196554 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-13751 category-volume-75-issue-07-december geography-europe geography-poland subject-ideology subject-imperialism subject-marxism subject-movements subject-state-repression subject_geography-europe subject_geography-geography subject_geography-ideology subject_geography-imperialism subject_geography-marxism subject_geography-movements subject_geography-poland subject_geography-state-repression subject_geography-subject"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2023/12/01/the-collapse-of-the-new-polish-left/" class="post-thumnbail"><picture class="attachment-small_thumb size-small_thumb wp-post-image" decoding="async"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/808px-Razem_-_mieszkan_pracy_godnej_placy-100x146.jpg.webp"/> <img width="100" height="146" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%20146'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Together banner carried during the May Day march in Warsaw (2022)" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/808px-Razem_-_mieszkan_pracy_godnej_placy-100x146.jpg"/><noscript><img width="100" height="146" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/808px-Razem_-_mieszkan_pracy_godnej_placy-100x146.jpg" alt="Together banner carried during the May Day march in Warsaw (2022)" decoding="async"/></noscript> </picture> </a> <header> <h2 class="title post-title"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2023/12/01/the-collapse-of-the-new-polish-left/">The Collapse of the New Polish Left</a></h2> </header> <div class="byline"> <div class="mr-byline"><em>by</em> <span class="coauthors"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/damianwinczewski/" title="Posts by Damian Winczewski" class="author url fn" rel="author">Damian Winczewski</a></span></div> <span class="pubdate"><abbr class="published">(Dec 01, 2023)</abbr></span> <div class="byline-tags"> <span class="subject"> <span class="before">Topics: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/" rel="tag">Ideology</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/imperialism/" rel="tag">Imperialism</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/marxism/" rel="tag">Marxism</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/movements/" rel="tag">Movements</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/state-repression/" rel="tag">State Repression</a> </span> <span class="geography"> <span class="before">Places: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/europe/" rel="tag">Europe</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/europe/poland/" rel="tag">Poland</a> </span> </div> </div> <p>Over the past decades, the left in Poland has found its political ambitions frustrated by an inability to connect with the general electorate, pushing the movement collectively toward dissolution. In this timely article, Damian Winczewski explores the shifting constellations attempting to revive Polish left.&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a class="more-link" href="https://monthlyreview.org/2023/12/01/the-collapse-of-the-new-polish-left/" title="The Collapse of the New Polish Left">more&hellip;</a></p> </article> <div class="fix"></div> <div class="sectionwrap"> <span class="section"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/section/reprise/" rel="tag">Reprise</a> </span> </div> <article class="post-194037 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-13751 category-volume-75-issue-01-may section-reprise geography-americas geography-united-states subject-democracy subject-ideology subject-marxism subject-movements subject_geography-americas subject_geography-democracy subject_geography-geography subject_geography-ideology subject_geography-marxism subject_geography-movements subject_geography-subject subject_geography-united-states"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2023/05/01/the-political-tragedy-of-capitalist-rule/" class="post-thumnbail"><img width="100" height="146" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%20146'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-small_thumb size-small_thumb wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://monthlyreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Monthly Review Volume 46, Number 8 (January 1995) [PDF]-100x146.jpg" /><noscript><img width="100" height="146" src="https://monthlyreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Monthly Review Volume 46, Number 8 (January 1995) [PDF]-100x146.jpg" class="attachment-small_thumb size-small_thumb wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></noscript></a> <header> <h2 class="title post-title"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2023/05/01/the-political-tragedy-of-capitalist-rule/">The Political Tragedy of Capitalist Rule</a></h2> </header> <div class="byline"> <div class="mr-byline"><em>by</em> <span class="coauthors"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/harrymagdoff/" title="Posts by Harry Magdoff" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harry Magdoff</a> and <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/paulmsweezy/" title="Posts by Paul M. Sweezy" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paul M. Sweezy</a></span></div> <span class="pubdate"><abbr class="published">(May 01, 2023)</abbr></span> <div class="byline-tags"> <span class="subject"> <span class="before">Topics: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/democracy/" rel="tag">Democracy</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/" rel="tag">Ideology</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/marxism/" rel="tag">Marxism</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/movements/" rel="tag">Movements</a> </span> <span class="geography"> <span class="before">Places: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/americas/" rel="tag">Americas</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/americas/united-states/" rel="tag">United States</a> </span> </div> </div> <p>In this prescient article from 1995, former <em>MR</em> editors Harry Magdoff and Paul M. Sweezy show that, through their own profligacy, the ruling classes have lost their capacity for political rule. The way forward, Magdoff and Sweezy write, is an &#8220;organized, militant struggle,&#8221; and with victory necessarily leading to the overthrow of capitalist rule.&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a class="more-link" href="https://monthlyreview.org/2023/05/01/the-political-tragedy-of-capitalist-rule/" title="The Political Tragedy of Capitalist Rule">more&hellip;</a></p> </article> <div class="fix"></div> <div class="sectionwrap"> <span class="section"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/section/notes-from-the-editors/" rel="tag">Notes from the Editors</a> </span> </div> <article class="post-193661 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-13751 category-volume-74-issue-11-april section-notes-from-the-editors geography-americas geography-asia geography-china geography-europe geography-russia geography-united-states subject-democracy subject-ideology subject-imperialism subject-marxism subject-movements subject-war subject_geography-americas subject_geography-asia subject_geography-china subject_geography-democracy subject_geography-europe subject_geography-geography subject_geography-ideology subject_geography-imperialism subject_geography-marxism subject_geography-movements subject_geography-russia subject_geography-subject subject_geography-united-states subject_geography-war"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2023/04/01/mr-074-11-2023-04_0/" class="post-thumnbail"><img width="100" height="146" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%20146'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-small_thumb size-small_thumb wp-post-image" alt="Monthly Review Volume 74, Number 11 (April 2023)" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/MR-074-11-2023-04-100x146.png" /><noscript><img width="100" height="146" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/MR-074-11-2023-04-100x146.png" class="attachment-small_thumb size-small_thumb wp-post-image" alt="Monthly Review Volume 74, Number 11 (April 2023)" decoding="async" /></noscript></a> <header> <h2 class="title post-title"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2023/04/01/mr-074-11-2023-04_0/">April 2023 (Volume 74, Number 11)</a></h2> </header> <div class="byline"> <div class="mr-byline"><em>by</em> <span class="coauthors"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/monthlyrevieweditors/" title="Posts by The Editors" class="author url fn" rel="author">The Editors</a></span></div> <span class="pubdate"><abbr class="published">(Apr 01, 2023)</abbr></span> <div class="byline-tags"> <span class="subject"> <span class="before">Topics: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/democracy/" rel="tag">Democracy</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/" rel="tag">Ideology</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/imperialism/" rel="tag">Imperialism</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/marxism/" rel="tag">Marxism</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/movements/" rel="tag">Movements</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/war/" rel="tag">War</a> </span> <span class="geography"> <span class="before">Places: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/americas/" rel="tag">Americas</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/asia/" rel="tag">Asia</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/asia/china/" rel="tag">China</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/europe/" rel="tag">Europe</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/europe/russia/" rel="tag">Russia</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/americas/united-states/" rel="tag">United States</a> </span> </div> </div> <p>&#8220;There is no longer any question that the United States is waging a New Cold War,&#8221; <em>MR</em> editors write in this month&#8217;s &#8220;Notes from the Editors.&#8221; This war, waged not only against Russia, but increasingly against China, whose approach to global governance is seen as a threat to U.S. imperialism.&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a class="more-link" href="https://monthlyreview.org/2023/04/01/mr-074-11-2023-04_0/" title="April 2023 (Volume 74, Number 11)">more&hellip;</a></p> </article> <div class="fix"></div> <div class="sectionwrap"> <span class="section"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/section/review/" rel="tag">Review</a> </span> </div> <article class="post-193666 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-13751 category-volume-74-issue-11-april section-review geography-europe geography-france geography-italy subject-ideology subject-imperialism subject-marxism subject-war subject_geography-europe subject_geography-france subject_geography-geography subject_geography-ideology subject_geography-imperialism subject_geography-italy subject_geography-marxism subject_geography-subject subject_geography-war"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2023/04/01/post-second-world-war-social-christianity-and-its-relevance-to-pope-franciss-criticism-of-nato/" class="post-thumnbail"><img width="100" height="146" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%20146'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-small_thumb size-small_thumb wp-post-image" alt="Abbe Jean Bouiler at the 7th party conference of the CDU, held in the Weimarhalle in Weimar (September 22nd, 1954)" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Abbe_Jean_Bouiler-100x146.jpg" /><noscript><img width="100" height="146" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Abbe_Jean_Bouiler-100x146.jpg" class="attachment-small_thumb size-small_thumb wp-post-image" alt="Abbe Jean Bouiler at the 7th party conference of the CDU, held in the Weimarhalle in Weimar (September 22nd, 1954)" decoding="async" /></noscript></a> <header> <h2 class="title post-title"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2023/04/01/post-second-world-war-social-christianity-and-its-relevance-to-pope-franciss-criticism-of-nato/">Post-Second World War Social Christianity and Its Relevance to Pope Francis&#8217;s Criticism of NATO</a></h2> </header> <div class="byline"> <div class="mr-byline"><em>by</em> <span class="coauthors"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/tobyterrar/" title="Posts by Toby Terrar" class="author url fn" rel="author">Toby Terrar</a></span></div> <span class="pubdate"><abbr class="published">(Apr 01, 2023)</abbr></span> <div class="byline-tags"> <span class="subject"> <span class="before">Topics: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/" rel="tag">Ideology</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/imperialism/" rel="tag">Imperialism</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/marxism/" rel="tag">Marxism</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/war/" rel="tag">War</a> </span> <span class="geography"> <span class="before">Places: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/europe/" rel="tag">Europe</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/europe/france/" rel="tag">France</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/europe/italy/" rel="tag">Italy</a> </span> </div> </div> <p>Toby Terrar reviews <em>I Was a Red Priest</em>, the memoir of Marxist clergy member and activist Father Jean Boulier, finding lessons for today&#8217;s antiwar Christians.&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a class="more-link" href="https://monthlyreview.org/2023/04/01/post-second-world-war-social-christianity-and-its-relevance-to-pope-franciss-criticism-of-nato/" title="Post-Second World War Social Christianity and Its Relevance to Pope Francis&#8217;s Criticism of NATO">more&hellip;</a></p> </article> <div class="fix"></div> <div class="sectionwrap"> <span class="section"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/section/notes-from-the-editors/" rel="tag">Notes from the Editors</a> </span> </div> <article class="post-188581 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-13751 category-volume-74-issue-10-march section-notes-from-the-editors geography-americas geography-asia geography-china geography-europe geography-russia geography-united-states subject-history subject-ideology subject-imperialism subject-marxism subject_geography-americas subject_geography-asia subject_geography-china subject_geography-europe subject_geography-geography subject_geography-history subject_geography-ideology subject_geography-imperialism subject_geography-marxism subject_geography-russia subject_geography-subject subject_geography-united-states"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2023/03/01/mr-074-10-2023-03_0/" class="post-thumnbail"><img width="100" height="146" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%20146'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="attachment-small_thumb size-small_thumb wp-post-image" alt="Monthly Review Volume 74, Number 10 (March 2023)" decoding="async" data-lazy-src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/MR-074-10-2023-03-100x146.png" /><noscript><img width="100" height="146" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/MR-074-10-2023-03-100x146.png" class="attachment-small_thumb size-small_thumb wp-post-image" alt="Monthly Review Volume 74, Number 10 (March 2023)" decoding="async" /></noscript></a> <header> <h2 class="title post-title"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/2023/03/01/mr-074-10-2023-03_0/">March 2023 (Volume 74, Number 10)</a></h2> </header> <div class="byline"> <div class="mr-byline"><em>by</em> <span class="coauthors"><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/author/monthlyrevieweditors/" title="Posts by The Editors" class="author url fn" rel="author">The Editors</a></span></div> <span class="pubdate"><abbr class="published">(Mar 01, 2023)</abbr></span> <div class="byline-tags"> <span class="subject"> <span class="before">Topics: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/history/" rel="tag">History</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/" rel="tag">Ideology</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/imperialism/" rel="tag">Imperialism</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/marxism/" rel="tag">Marxism</a> </span> <span class="geography"> <span class="before">Places: </span> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/americas/" rel="tag">Americas</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/asia/" rel="tag">Asia</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/asia/china/" rel="tag">China</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/europe/" rel="tag">Europe</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/europe/russia/" rel="tag">Russia</a> <i class="fas fa-ellipsis-v" style="font-size: 50%"></i> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/geography/americas/united-states/" rel="tag">United States</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="buynow"><a title="Back issue of Monthly Review Volume 74, Number 10 (March 2023)" href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/mr-074-10-2023-03/">buy this issue</a></div> <p>March&#8217;s &#8220;Notes from the Editors&#8221; revisits the Non-Aligned Movement and its growing role in the New Cold War. The rise of Russia, China, BRICS, and other nonaligned countries hearlds the emergence of a new, multipolar world, counteracting the global hegemony of the United States.&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a class="more-link" href="https://monthlyreview.org/2023/03/01/mr-074-10-2023-03_0/" title="March 2023 (Volume 74, Number 10)">more&hellip;</a></p> </article> <div class="pagination woo-pagination"><span aria-label="Page 1" aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current">1</span> <a aria-label="Page 2" class="page-numbers" href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/page/2/">2</a> <a aria-label="Page 3" class="page-numbers" href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/page/3/">3</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="https://monthlyreview.org/subjects/ideology/page/2/">Next &rarr;</a></div> </section><!-- /#main --> <aside id="sidebar"> <div id="block-5" class="widget widget_block"><h3 class="wp-block-heading">New from Monthly Review Press</h3><div data-wc-navigation-id="wc-product-collection-49" data-wc-context="{&quot;accessibilityLoadingMessage&quot;:&quot;Loading page, please wait.&quot;,&quot;accessibilityLoadedMessage&quot;:&quot;Page Loaded.&quot;,&quot;isPrefetchNextOrPreviousLink&quot;:false}" data-wc-init="callbacks.onRender" data-wc-interactive="{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;woocommerce\/product-collection&quot;}" data-__private-preview-state="{&quot;isPreview&quot;:false,&quot;previewMessage&quot;:&quot;Actual products will vary depending on the page being viewed.&quot;}" data-block-name="woocommerce/product-collection" data-dimensions="{&quot;widthType&quot;:&quot;fill&quot;}" data-display-layout="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;,&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;shrinkColumns&quot;:true}" data-query-context-includes="[&quot;collection&quot;]" data-query-id="49" data-query="{&quot;perPage&quot;:9,&quot;pages&quot;:0,&quot;offset&quot;:0,&quot;postType&quot;:&quot;product&quot;,&quot;order&quot;:&quot;desc&quot;,&quot;orderBy&quot;:&quot;date&quot;,&quot;search&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;exclude&quot;:[],&quot;inherit&quot;:false,&quot;taxQuery&quot;:{&quot;product_tag&quot;:[9715]},&quot;isProductCollectionBlock&quot;:true,&quot;featured&quot;:false,&quot;woocommerceOnSale&quot;:false,&quot;woocommerceStockStatus&quot;:[&quot;instock&quot;,&quot;outofstock&quot;,&quot;onbackorder&quot;],&quot;woocommerceAttributes&quot;:[],&quot;woocommerceHandPickedProducts&quot;:[],&quot;filterable&quot;:false,&quot;relatedBy&quot;:{&quot;categories&quot;:true,&quot;tags&quot;:true}}" data-tag-name="div" class="wp-block-woocommerce-product-collection is-layout-flow wp-block-product-collection-is-layout-flow"><ul class="wc-block-product-template__responsive columns-2 wc-block-product-template wp-block-woocommerce-product-template"><li class="wc-block-product post-199152 product type-product status-publish has-post-thumbnail product_cat-books product_cat-books-cloth product_cat-books-ebooks product_cat-books-paperback product_tag-new-recently-released pa_format-cloth pa_format-ebook pa_format-paperback first instock taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-variable has-default-attributes" data-wc-interactive='{"namespace":"woocommerce\/product-collection"}' data-wc-context='{"productId":199152}' data-wc-key="product-item-199152" > <div data-block-name="woocommerce/product-image" data-image-sizing="thumbnail" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop="true" class="wc-block-components-product-image wc-block-grid__product-image wp-block-woocommerce-product-image"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/the-class-struggle-and-welfare-social-policy-under-capitalism/" style="" data-wc-on--click="woocommerce/product-collection::actions.viewProduct"> <picture decoding="async" class="attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail" data-testid="product-image" style="max-width:none;object-fit:cover;" title="The Class Struggle and Welfare: Social Policy under Capitalism"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare-200x300.jpg.webp 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare-500x750.jpg.webp 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare-800x1200.jpg.webp 800w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare-350x525.jpg.webp 350w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare-300x450.jpg.webp 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare-80x120.jpg.webp 80w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare.jpg.webp 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px"/> <img decoding="async" width="200" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20200%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="The Class Struggle and Welfare: Social Policy under Capitalism" data-testid="product-image" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare-200x300.jpg 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare-500x750.jpg 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare-350x525.jpg 350w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare-300x450.jpg 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare-80x120.jpg 80w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare.jpg 1000w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" data-lazy-src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare-200x300.jpg"/><noscript><img decoding="async" width="200" height="300" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare-200x300.jpg" alt="The Class Struggle and Welfare: Social Policy under Capitalism" data-testid="product-image" srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare-200x300.jpg 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare-500x750.jpg 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare-350x525.jpg 350w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare-300x450.jpg 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare-80x120.jpg 80w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Class-Struggle-and-Welfare.jpg 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px"/></noscript> </picture> </a> </div> <h3 style="margin-bottom:0.75rem;margin-top:0;" class="has-text-align-center wp-block-post-title has-medium-font-size"><a data-wc-on--click="woocommerce/product-collection::actions.viewProduct" href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/the-class-struggle-and-welfare-social-policy-under-capitalism/" target="_self" >The Class Struggle and Welfare: Social Policy under Capitalism</a></h3> </li><li class="wc-block-product post-199151 product type-product status-publish has-post-thumbnail product_cat-books product_cat-books-ebooks product_cat-books-paperback product_tag-new-recently-released pa_format-ebook pa_format-paperback subject-economic subject-literary-studies subject-urban-studies instock taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-variable has-default-attributes" data-wc-interactive='{"namespace":"woocommerce\/product-collection"}' data-wc-context='{"productId":199151}' data-wc-key="product-item-199151" > <div data-block-name="woocommerce/product-image" data-image-sizing="thumbnail" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop="true" class="wc-block-components-product-image wc-block-grid__product-image wp-block-woocommerce-product-image"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/a-rotten-crowd-america-wealth-and-one-hundred-years-of-the-great-gatsby/" style="" data-wc-on--click="woocommerce/product-collection::actions.viewProduct"> <picture decoding="async" class="attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail" data-testid="product-image" style="max-width:none;object-fit:cover;" title="A Rotten Crowd: America, Wealth, and One-Hundred Years of The Great Gatsby"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd-200x298.jpg.webp 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd-500x744.jpg.webp 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd-800x1190.jpg.webp 800w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd-350x521.jpg.webp 350w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd-300x446.jpg.webp 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd-80x119.jpg.webp 80w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd.jpg.webp 1008w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px"/> <img decoding="async" width="200" height="298" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20200%20298'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="A Rotten Crowd: America, Wealth, and One-Hundred Years of The Great Gatsby" data-testid="product-image" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd-200x298.jpg 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd-500x744.jpg 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd-800x1190.jpg 800w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd-350x521.jpg 350w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd-300x446.jpg 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd-80x119.jpg 80w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd.jpg 1008w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" data-lazy-src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd-200x298.jpg"/><noscript><img decoding="async" width="200" height="298" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd-200x298.jpg" alt="A Rotten Crowd: America, Wealth, and One-Hundred Years of The Great Gatsby" data-testid="product-image" srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd-200x298.jpg 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd-500x744.jpg 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd-800x1190.jpg 800w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd-350x521.jpg 350w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd-300x446.jpg 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd-80x119.jpg 80w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/A-Rotten-Crowd.jpg 1008w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px"/></noscript> </picture> </a> </div> <h3 style="margin-bottom:0.75rem;margin-top:0;" class="has-text-align-center wp-block-post-title has-medium-font-size"><a data-wc-on--click="woocommerce/product-collection::actions.viewProduct" href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/a-rotten-crowd-america-wealth-and-one-hundred-years-of-the-great-gatsby/" target="_self" >A Rotten Crowd: America, Wealth, and One-Hundred Years of The Great Gatsby</a></h3> </li><li class="wc-block-product post-199150 product type-product status-publish has-post-thumbnail product_cat-books product_cat-books-cloth product_cat-books-ebooks product_cat-books-paperback product_tag-new-recently-released pa_format-cloth pa_format-ebook pa_format-paperback geography-latin-america geography-paraguay subject-biography subject-empire subject-history subject-human-rights subject-movements subject-revolutions subject-state-repression subject-war instock taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-variable has-default-attributes" data-wc-interactive='{"namespace":"woocommerce\/product-collection"}' data-wc-context='{"productId":199150}' data-wc-key="product-item-199150" > <div data-block-name="woocommerce/product-image" data-image-sizing="thumbnail" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop="true" class="wc-block-components-product-image wc-block-grid__product-image wp-block-woocommerce-product-image"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/paraguayan-sorrow/" style="" data-wc-on--click="woocommerce/product-collection::actions.viewProduct"> <picture decoding="async" class="attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail" data-testid="product-image" style="max-width:none;object-fit:cover;" title="Paraguayan Sorrow: Writings of Rafael Barrett, A Radical Voice in a Dispossessed Land"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow-200x300.jpg.webp 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow-500x750.jpg.webp 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow-800x1200.jpg.webp 800w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow-350x525.jpg.webp 350w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow-300x450.jpg.webp 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow-80x120.jpg.webp 80w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow.jpg.webp 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px"/> <img decoding="async" width="200" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20200%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Paraguayan Sorrow: Writings of Rafael Barrett, A Radical Voice in a Dispossessed Land" data-testid="product-image" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow-200x300.jpg 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow-500x750.jpg 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow-350x525.jpg 350w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow-300x450.jpg 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow-80x120.jpg 80w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow.jpg 1000w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" data-lazy-src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow-200x300.jpg"/><noscript><img decoding="async" width="200" height="300" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow-200x300.jpg" alt="Paraguayan Sorrow: Writings of Rafael Barrett, A Radical Voice in a Dispossessed Land" data-testid="product-image" srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow-200x300.jpg 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow-500x750.jpg 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow-350x525.jpg 350w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow-300x450.jpg 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow-80x120.jpg 80w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Paraguayan-Sorrow.jpg 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px"/></noscript> </picture> </a> </div> <h3 style="margin-bottom:0.75rem;margin-top:0;" class="has-text-align-center wp-block-post-title has-medium-font-size"><a data-wc-on--click="woocommerce/product-collection::actions.viewProduct" href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/paraguayan-sorrow/" target="_self" >Paraguayan Sorrow: Writings of Rafael Barrett, A Radical Voice in a Dispossessed Land</a></h3> </li><li class="wc-block-product post-199148 product type-product status-publish has-post-thumbnail product_cat-books product_cat-books-cloth product_cat-books-ebooks product_cat-books-paperback product_tag-new-recently-released pa_format-cloth pa_format-ebook pa_format-paperback geography-india subject-marxism subject-movements subject-political-economy last instock taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-variable has-default-attributes" data-wc-interactive='{"namespace":"woocommerce\/product-collection"}' data-wc-context='{"productId":199148}' data-wc-key="product-item-199148" > <div data-block-name="woocommerce/product-image" data-image-sizing="thumbnail" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop="true" class="wc-block-components-product-image wc-block-grid__product-image wp-block-woocommerce-product-image"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/knowledge-as-commons/" style="" data-wc-on--click="woocommerce/product-collection::actions.viewProduct"> <picture decoding="async" class="attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail" data-testid="product-image" style="max-width:none;object-fit:cover;" title="Knowledge as Commons: Toward Inclusive Science and Technology"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-200x303.jpg.webp 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-500x758.jpg.webp 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-495x750.jpg.webp 495w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-791x1200.jpg.webp 791w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-346x525.jpg.webp 346w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-297x450.jpg.webp 297w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-300x455.jpg.webp 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-80x121.jpg.webp 80w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons.jpg.webp 989w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px"/> <img decoding="async" width="200" height="303" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20200%20303'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Knowledge as Commons: Toward Inclusive Science and Technology" data-testid="product-image" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-200x303.jpg 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-500x758.jpg 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-495x750.jpg 495w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-791x1200.jpg 791w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-346x525.jpg 346w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-297x450.jpg 297w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-300x455.jpg 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-80x121.jpg 80w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons.jpg 989w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" data-lazy-src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-200x303.jpg"/><noscript><img decoding="async" width="200" height="303" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-200x303.jpg" alt="Knowledge as Commons: Toward Inclusive Science and Technology" data-testid="product-image" srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-200x303.jpg 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-500x758.jpg 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-495x750.jpg 495w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-791x1200.jpg 791w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-346x525.jpg 346w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-297x450.jpg 297w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-300x455.jpg 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons-80x121.jpg 80w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Knowledge-as-Commons.jpg 989w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px"/></noscript> </picture> </a> </div> <h3 style="margin-bottom:0.75rem;margin-top:0;" class="has-text-align-center wp-block-post-title has-medium-font-size"><a data-wc-on--click="woocommerce/product-collection::actions.viewProduct" href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/knowledge-as-commons/" target="_self" >Knowledge as Commons: Toward Inclusive Science and Technology</a></h3> </li><li class="wc-block-product post-199149 product type-product status-publish has-post-thumbnail product_cat-books product_cat-books-cloth product_cat-books-ebooks product_cat-books-paperback product_tag-new-recently-released pa_format-cloth pa_format-ebook pa_format-paperback geography-india subject-anti-communism subject-biography subject-human-rights subject-movements subject-state-repression subject-strategy first instock taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-variable has-default-attributes" data-wc-interactive='{"namespace":"woocommerce\/product-collection"}' data-wc-context='{"productId":199149}' data-wc-key="product-item-199149" > <div data-block-name="woocommerce/product-image" data-image-sizing="thumbnail" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop="true" class="wc-block-components-product-image wc-block-grid__product-image wp-block-woocommerce-product-image"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/keeping-up-the-good-fight/" style="" data-wc-on--click="woocommerce/product-collection::actions.viewProduct"> <picture decoding="async" class="attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail" data-testid="product-image" style="max-width:none;object-fit:cover;" title="Keeping Up the Good Fight: From the Emergency to the Present Day"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-200x305.jpg.webp 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-500x762.jpg.webp 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-492x750.jpg.webp 492w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-787x1200.jpg.webp 787w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-344x525.jpg.webp 344w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-295x450.jpg.webp 295w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-300x457.jpg.webp 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-80x122.jpg.webp 80w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight.jpg.webp 984w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px"/> <img decoding="async" width="200" height="305" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20200%20305'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Keeping Up the Good Fight: From the Emergency to the Present Day" data-testid="product-image" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-200x305.jpg 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-500x762.jpg 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-492x750.jpg 492w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-787x1200.jpg 787w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-344x525.jpg 344w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-295x450.jpg 295w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-300x457.jpg 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-80x122.jpg 80w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight.jpg 984w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" data-lazy-src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-200x305.jpg"/><noscript><img decoding="async" width="200" height="305" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-200x305.jpg" alt="Keeping Up the Good Fight: From the Emergency to the Present Day" data-testid="product-image" srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-200x305.jpg 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-500x762.jpg 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-492x750.jpg 492w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-787x1200.jpg 787w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-344x525.jpg 344w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-295x450.jpg 295w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-300x457.jpg 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight-80x122.jpg 80w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Keeping-Up-the-Good-Fight.jpg 984w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px"/></noscript> </picture> </a> </div> <h3 style="margin-bottom:0.75rem;margin-top:0;" class="has-text-align-center wp-block-post-title has-medium-font-size"><a data-wc-on--click="woocommerce/product-collection::actions.viewProduct" href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/keeping-up-the-good-fight/" target="_self" >Keeping Up the Good Fight: From the Emergency to the Present Day</a></h3> </li><li class="wc-block-product post-199153 product type-product status-publish has-post-thumbnail product_cat-books product_cat-books-cloth product_cat-books-ebooks product_cat-books-paperback product_tag-new-recently-released pa_format-cloth pa_format-ebook pa_format-paperback instock taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-variable has-default-attributes" data-wc-interactive='{"namespace":"woocommerce\/product-collection"}' data-wc-context='{"productId":199153}' data-wc-key="product-item-199153" > <div data-block-name="woocommerce/product-image" data-image-sizing="thumbnail" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop="true" class="wc-block-components-product-image wc-block-grid__product-image wp-block-woocommerce-product-image"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/the-physics-of-capitalism-how-a-new-political-ecology-can-change-the-world/" style="" data-wc-on--click="woocommerce/product-collection::actions.viewProduct"> <picture decoding="async" class="attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail" data-testid="product-image" style="max-width:none;object-fit:cover;" title="The Physics of Capitalism: How a New Political Ecology Can Change the World"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism-200x300.jpg.webp 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism-500x750.jpg.webp 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism-800x1200.jpg.webp 800w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism-350x525.jpg.webp 350w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism-300x450.jpg.webp 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism-80x120.jpg.webp 80w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism.jpg.webp 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px"/> <img decoding="async" width="200" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20200%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="The Physics of Capitalism: How a New Political Ecology Can Change the World" data-testid="product-image" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism-200x300.jpg 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism-500x750.jpg 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism-350x525.jpg 350w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism-300x450.jpg 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism-80x120.jpg 80w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism.jpg 1000w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" data-lazy-src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism-200x300.jpg"/><noscript><img decoding="async" width="200" height="300" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism-200x300.jpg" alt="The Physics of Capitalism: How a New Political Ecology Can Change the World" data-testid="product-image" srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism-200x300.jpg 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism-500x750.jpg 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism-350x525.jpg 350w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism-300x450.jpg 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism-80x120.jpg 80w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/The-Physics-of-Capitalism.jpg 1000w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px"/></noscript> </picture> </a> </div> <h3 style="margin-bottom:0.75rem;margin-top:0;" class="has-text-align-center wp-block-post-title has-medium-font-size"><a data-wc-on--click="woocommerce/product-collection::actions.viewProduct" href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/the-physics-of-capitalism-how-a-new-political-ecology-can-change-the-world/" target="_self" >The Physics of Capitalism: How a New Political Ecology Can Change the World</a></h3> </li><li class="wc-block-product post-196750 product type-product status-publish has-post-thumbnail product_cat-books product_cat-books-cloth product_cat-books-ebooks product_cat-books-paperback product_tag-new-recently-released pa_format-cloth pa_format-ebook pa_format-paperback instock taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-variable" data-wc-interactive='{"namespace":"woocommerce\/product-collection"}' data-wc-context='{"productId":196750}' data-wc-key="product-item-196750" > <div data-block-name="woocommerce/product-image" data-image-sizing="thumbnail" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop="true" class="wc-block-components-product-image wc-block-grid__product-image wp-block-woocommerce-product-image"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/western-marxism/" style="" data-wc-on--click="woocommerce/product-collection::actions.viewProduct"> <picture decoding="async" class="attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail" data-testid="product-image" style="max-width:none;object-fit:cover;" title="losurdo comp final"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/losurdo-comp-final-scaled-200x300.jpg.webp 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/losurdo-comp-final-scaled.jpg.webp 1366w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px"/> <img decoding="async" width="200" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20200%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Western Marxism: How it was Born, How it Died, How it can be Reborn" data-testid="product-image" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/losurdo-comp-final-scaled-200x300.jpg 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/losurdo-comp-final-500x750.jpg 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/losurdo-comp-final-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/losurdo-comp-final-350x525.jpg 350w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/losurdo-comp-final-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/losurdo-comp-final-scaled.jpg 1366w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/losurdo-comp-final-300x450.jpg 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/losurdo-comp-final-80x120.jpg 80w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" data-lazy-src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/losurdo-comp-final-scaled-200x300.jpg"/><noscript><img decoding="async" width="200" height="300" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/losurdo-comp-final-scaled-200x300.jpg" alt="Western Marxism: How it was Born, How it Died, How it can be Reborn" data-testid="product-image" srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/losurdo-comp-final-scaled-200x300.jpg 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/losurdo-comp-final-500x750.jpg 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/losurdo-comp-final-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/losurdo-comp-final-350x525.jpg 350w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/losurdo-comp-final-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/losurdo-comp-final-scaled.jpg 1366w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/losurdo-comp-final-300x450.jpg 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/losurdo-comp-final-80x120.jpg 80w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px"/></noscript> </picture> </a> </div> <h3 style="margin-bottom:0.75rem;margin-top:0;" class="has-text-align-center wp-block-post-title has-medium-font-size"><a data-wc-on--click="woocommerce/product-collection::actions.viewProduct" href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/western-marxism/" target="_self" >Western Marxism: How it was Born, How it Died, How it can be Reborn</a></h3> </li><li class="wc-block-product post-196748 product type-product status-publish has-post-thumbnail product_cat-books product_cat-books-cloth product_cat-books-ebooks product_cat-books-paperback product_tag-grassroots-books product_tag-new-recently-released pa_format-cloth pa_format-ebook pa_format-paperback last instock taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-variable has-default-attributes" data-wc-interactive='{"namespace":"woocommerce\/product-collection"}' data-wc-context='{"productId":196748}' data-wc-key="product-item-196748" > <div data-block-name="woocommerce/product-image" data-image-sizing="thumbnail" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop="true" class="wc-block-components-product-image wc-block-grid__product-image wp-block-woocommerce-product-image"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/postcards-to-hitler/" style="" data-wc-on--click="woocommerce/product-collection::actions.viewProduct"> <picture decoding="async" class="attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail" data-testid="product-image" style="max-width:none;object-fit:cover;" title="PTH Cover 091423 Final"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PTH-Cover-091423-Final-scaled-200x295.jpg.webp 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PTH-Cover-091423-Final-scaled.jpg.webp 1390w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px"/> <img decoding="async" width="200" height="295" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20200%20295'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Postcards to Hitler" data-testid="product-image" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PTH-Cover-091423-Final-scaled-200x295.jpg 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PTH-Cover-091423-Final-500x737.jpg 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PTH-Cover-091423-Final-800x1179.jpg 800w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PTH-Cover-091423-Final-350x516.jpg 350w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PTH-Cover-091423-Final-1042x1536.jpg 1042w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PTH-Cover-091423-Final-scaled.jpg 1390w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PTH-Cover-091423-Final-300x442.jpg 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PTH-Cover-091423-Final-80x118.jpg 80w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" data-lazy-src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PTH-Cover-091423-Final-scaled-200x295.jpg"/><noscript><img decoding="async" width="200" height="295" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PTH-Cover-091423-Final-scaled-200x295.jpg" alt="Postcards to Hitler" data-testid="product-image" srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PTH-Cover-091423-Final-scaled-200x295.jpg 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PTH-Cover-091423-Final-500x737.jpg 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PTH-Cover-091423-Final-800x1179.jpg 800w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PTH-Cover-091423-Final-350x516.jpg 350w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PTH-Cover-091423-Final-1042x1536.jpg 1042w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PTH-Cover-091423-Final-scaled.jpg 1390w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PTH-Cover-091423-Final-300x442.jpg 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/PTH-Cover-091423-Final-80x118.jpg 80w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px"/></noscript> </picture> </a> </div> <h3 style="margin-bottom:0.75rem;margin-top:0;" class="has-text-align-center wp-block-post-title has-medium-font-size"><a data-wc-on--click="woocommerce/product-collection::actions.viewProduct" href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/postcards-to-hitler/" target="_self" >Postcards to Hitler: A German Jew&#8217;s Defiance in a Time of Terror</a></h3> </li><li class="wc-block-product post-196747 product type-product status-publish has-post-thumbnail product_cat-books product_cat-books-cloth product_cat-books-ebooks product_cat-books-paperback product_tag-grassroots-books product_tag-mrp-classics product_tag-new-recently-released pa_format-cloth pa_format-ebook pa_format-paperback first instock taxable shipping-taxable purchasable product-type-variable has-default-attributes" data-wc-interactive='{"namespace":"woocommerce\/product-collection"}' data-wc-context='{"productId":196747}' data-wc-key="product-item-196747" > <div data-block-name="woocommerce/product-image" data-image-sizing="thumbnail" data-is-descendent-of-query-loop="true" class="wc-block-components-product-image wc-block-grid__product-image wp-block-woocommerce-product-image"> <a href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/let-me-speak-new-edition/" style="" data-wc-on--click="woocommerce/product-collection::actions.viewProduct"> <picture decoding="async" class="attachment-woocommerce_thumbnail size-woocommerce_thumbnail" data-testid="product-image" style="max-width:none;object-fit:cover;" title="viezzer comp final rev"> <source type="image/webp" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/viezzer-comp-final-rev-scaled-200x300.jpg.webp 200w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px"/> <img decoding="async" width="200" height="300" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20200%20300'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Let Me Speak! Testimony of Domitila, A Woman of the Bolivian Mines, New Edition" data-testid="product-image" data-lazy-srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/viezzer-comp-final-rev-scaled-200x300.jpg 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/viezzer-comp-final-rev-500x750.jpg 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/viezzer-comp-final-rev-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/viezzer-comp-final-rev-350x525.jpg 350w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/viezzer-comp-final-rev-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/viezzer-comp-final-rev-scaled.jpg 1365w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/viezzer-comp-final-rev-300x450.jpg 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/viezzer-comp-final-rev-80x120.jpg 80w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" data-lazy-src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/viezzer-comp-final-rev-scaled-200x300.jpg"/><noscript><img decoding="async" width="200" height="300" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/viezzer-comp-final-rev-scaled-200x300.jpg" alt="Let Me Speak! Testimony of Domitila, A Woman of the Bolivian Mines, New Edition" data-testid="product-image" srcset="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/viezzer-comp-final-rev-scaled-200x300.jpg 200w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/viezzer-comp-final-rev-500x750.jpg 500w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/viezzer-comp-final-rev-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/viezzer-comp-final-rev-350x525.jpg 350w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/viezzer-comp-final-rev-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/viezzer-comp-final-rev-scaled.jpg 1365w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/viezzer-comp-final-rev-300x450.jpg 300w, https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/viezzer-comp-final-rev-80x120.jpg 80w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px"/></noscript> </picture> </a> </div> <h3 style="margin-bottom:0.75rem;margin-top:0;" class="has-text-align-center wp-block-post-title has-medium-font-size"><a data-wc-on--click="woocommerce/product-collection::actions.viewProduct" href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/let-me-speak-new-edition/" target="_self" >Let Me Speak! Testimony of Domitila, A Woman of the Bolivian Mines, New Edition</a></h3> </li></ul> <nav class="wp-block-query-pagination is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-query-pagination-is-layout-1 wp-block-query-pagination-is-layout-flex" aria-label="Pagination"> <div class="wp-block-query-pagination-numbers"><span aria-label="Page 1" aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current">1</span> <a data-wc-interactive="{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;woocommerce\/product-collection&quot;}" data-wc-key="product-collection-pagination-numbers--2818909103" data-wc-on--click="actions.navigate" aria-label="Page 2" class="page-numbers" href="?query-49-page=2">2</a> <a data-wc-interactive="{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;woocommerce\/product-collection&quot;}" data-wc-key="product-collection-pagination-numbers--1964898661" data-wc-on--click="actions.navigate" aria-label="Page 3" class="page-numbers" href="?query-49-page=3">3</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a data-wc-interactive="{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;woocommerce\/product-collection&quot;}" data-wc-key="product-collection-pagination-numbers--1606889628" data-wc-on--click="actions.navigate" aria-label="Page 5" class="page-numbers" href="?query-49-page=5">5</a></div> <a data-wc-interactive="{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;woocommerce\/product-collection&quot;}" data-wc-key="product-collection-pagination--next--4078233473" data-wc-on--click="actions.navigate" data-wc-on--mouseenter="actions.prefetchOnHover" data-wc-watch="callbacks.prefetch" href="/subjects/ideology/?query-49-page=2" class="wp-block-query-pagination-next">Next Page</a> </nav> <div data-wc-interactive="{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;woocommerce/product-collection&quot;}" class="wc-block-product-collection__pagination-animation" data-wc-class--start-animation="state.startAnimation" data-wc-class--finish-animation="state.finishAnimation"> </div> <div data-wc-interactive="{&quot;namespace&quot;:&quot;woocommerce/product-collection&quot;}" class="screen-reader-text" aria-live="polite" data-wc-text="context.accessibilityMessage"> </div> </div></div> </aside> </div><!-- /#main-sidebar-container --> </div><!-- /#content --> <div data-rocket-location-hash="19d4678f393f1d8c81a57e3099e77064" id="account-status-coupon-toggle"> <span id="stripe-publishable-key" style="display: none;" data-value="pk_live_LDPTAJzjEUu08J7YhqRVzoTL"></span> <span id="wayland-base-url" style="display: none;" data-value="https://subscriptions.monthlyreview.org"></span> <subscriptioninfo wayland-url="https://subscriptions.monthlyreview.org" associate-print-coupon="mr_associate_50" associate-electronic-coupon="mr_e-associate_50" basic-print-coupon="mr_basic_20" basic-electronic-coupon="mr_basic-electronic_20" coupon-container="coupons_list"></subscriptioninfo> </div> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://js.stripe.com/v3/" data-rocket-type="text/javascript" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://subscriptions.monthlyreview.org/static/js/manifest.js" data-rocket-type="text/javascript" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://subscriptions.monthlyreview.org/static/js/vendor.js" data-rocket-type="text/javascript" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-src="https://subscriptions.monthlyreview.org/static/js/app.js" data-rocket-type="text/javascript" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <link href="https://subscriptions.monthlyreview.org/static/css/app.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <footer data-rocket-location-hash="09f989ef528a354c835a44c14f02177b" id="footer" class="col-full"> <div id="copyright" class="col-left"> <p><i class="fa fa-copyright" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;2025 Monthly Review Foundation. All Rights Reserved</p> </div> <div id="credit" class="col-right"> <p>Monthly Review | Tel: 212-691-2555<br />134 W 29th St Rm 706, New York, NY 10001</p> </div> </footer> </div><!-- /#inner-wrapper --> </div><!-- /#wrapper --> <div class="fix"></div><!--/.fix--> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" id="mcjs">!function(c,h,i,m,p){m=c.createElement(h),p=c.getElementsByTagName(h)[0],m.async=1,m.src=i,p.parentNode.insertBefore(m,p)}(document,"script","https://chimpstatic.com/mcjs-connected/js/users/36ce609ae68971b4f060ad9c7/d61a087b5a533b9dc7f983a4b.js");</script><!-- Twitter universal website tag code --> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript"> !function(e,t,n,s,u,a){e.twq||(s=e.twq=function(){s.exe?s.exe.apply(s,arguments):s.queue.push(arguments); },s.version='1.1',s.queue=[],u=t.createElement(n),u.async=!0,u.src='//static.ads-twitter.com/uwt.js', a=t.getElementsByTagName(n)[0],a.parentNode.insertBefore(u,a))}(window,document,'script'); // Insert Twitter Pixel ID and Standard Event data below twq('init','nz5pe'); twq('track','PageView'); </script> <!-- End Twitter universal website tag code --> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type='text/javascript'> (function () { var c = document.body.className; c = c.replace(/woocommerce-no-js/, 'woocommerce-js'); document.body.className = c; })(); </script> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type="text/javascript"> /* MonsterInsights Scroll Tracking */ if ( typeof(jQuery) !== 'undefined' ) { jQuery( document ).ready(function(){ function monsterinsights_scroll_tracking_load() { if ( ( typeof(__gaTracker) !== 'undefined' && __gaTracker && __gaTracker.hasOwnProperty( "loaded" ) && __gaTracker.loaded == true ) || ( typeof(__gtagTracker) !== 'undefined' && __gtagTracker ) ) { (function(factory) { factory(jQuery); }(function($) { /* Scroll Depth */ "use strict"; var defaults = { percentage: true }; var $window = $(window), cache = [], scrollEventBound = false, lastPixelDepth = 0; /* * Plugin */ $.scrollDepth = function(options) { var startTime = +new Date(); options = $.extend({}, defaults, options); /* * Functions */ function sendEvent(action, label, scrollDistance, timing) { if ( 'undefined' === typeof MonsterInsightsObject || 'undefined' === typeof MonsterInsightsObject.sendEvent ) { return; } var paramName = action.toLowerCase(); var fieldsArray = { send_to: 'G-90FHGY5076', non_interaction: true }; fieldsArray[paramName] = label; if (arguments.length > 3) { fieldsArray.scroll_timing = timing MonsterInsightsObject.sendEvent('event', 'scroll_depth', fieldsArray); } else { MonsterInsightsObject.sendEvent('event', 'scroll_depth', fieldsArray); } } function calculateMarks(docHeight) { return { '25%' : parseInt(docHeight * 0.25, 10), '50%' : parseInt(docHeight * 0.50, 10), '75%' : parseInt(docHeight * 0.75, 10), /* Cushion to trigger 100% event in iOS */ '100%': docHeight - 5 }; } function checkMarks(marks, scrollDistance, timing) { /* Check each active mark */ $.each(marks, function(key, val) { if ( $.inArray(key, cache) === -1 && scrollDistance >= val ) { sendEvent('Percentage', key, scrollDistance, timing); cache.push(key); } }); } function rounded(scrollDistance) { /* Returns String */ return (Math.floor(scrollDistance/250) * 250).toString(); } function init() { bindScrollDepth(); } /* * Public Methods */ /* Reset Scroll Depth with the originally initialized options */ $.scrollDepth.reset = function() { cache = []; lastPixelDepth = 0; $window.off('scroll.scrollDepth'); bindScrollDepth(); }; /* Add DOM elements to be tracked */ $.scrollDepth.addElements = function(elems) { if (typeof elems == "undefined" || !$.isArray(elems)) { return; } $.merge(options.elements, elems); /* If scroll event has been unbound from window, rebind */ if (!scrollEventBound) { bindScrollDepth(); } }; /* Remove DOM elements currently tracked */ $.scrollDepth.removeElements = function(elems) { if (typeof elems == "undefined" || !$.isArray(elems)) { return; } $.each(elems, function(index, elem) { var inElementsArray = $.inArray(elem, options.elements); var inCacheArray = $.inArray(elem, cache); if (inElementsArray != -1) { options.elements.splice(inElementsArray, 1); } if (inCacheArray != -1) { cache.splice(inCacheArray, 1); } }); }; /* * Throttle function borrowed from: * Underscore.js 1.5.2 * http://underscorejs.org * (c) 2009-2013 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors * Underscore may be freely distributed under the MIT license. */ function throttle(func, wait) { var context, args, result; var timeout = null; var previous = 0; var later = function() { previous = new Date; timeout = null; result = func.apply(context, args); }; return function() { var now = new Date; if (!previous) previous = now; var remaining = wait - (now - previous); context = this; args = arguments; if (remaining <= 0) { clearTimeout(timeout); timeout = null; previous = now; result = func.apply(context, args); } else if (!timeout) { timeout = setTimeout(later, remaining); } return result; }; } /* * Scroll Event */ function bindScrollDepth() { scrollEventBound = true; $window.on('scroll.scrollDepth', throttle(function() { /* * We calculate document and window height on each scroll event to * account for dynamic DOM changes. */ var docHeight = $(document).height(), winHeight = window.innerHeight ? window.innerHeight : $window.height(), scrollDistance = $window.scrollTop() + winHeight, /* Recalculate percentage marks */ marks = calculateMarks(docHeight), /* Timing */ timing = +new Date - startTime; checkMarks(marks, scrollDistance, timing); }, 500)); } init(); }; /* UMD export */ return $.scrollDepth; })); jQuery.scrollDepth(); } else { setTimeout(monsterinsights_scroll_tracking_load, 200); } } monsterinsights_scroll_tracking_load(); }); } /* End MonsterInsights Scroll Tracking */ </script><link rel='stylesheet' id='wc-stripe-blocks-checkout-style-css' href='https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-gateway-stripe/build/upe_blocks.css?ver=80aba14d0d0aecb5950a5419963416fe' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wc-blocks-style-css' href='https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/client/blocks/wc-blocks.css?ver=wc-9.7.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wc-blocks-style-product-image-css' href='https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/client/blocks/product-image.css?ver=wc-9.7.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wc-blocks-style-product-template-css' href='https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/client/blocks/product-template.css?ver=wc-9.7.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wc-blocks-style-product-collection-css' href='https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/client/blocks/product-collection.css?ver=wc-9.7.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='core-block-supports-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-container-core-query-pagination-is-layout-1{justify-content:center;}.wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1{flex-direction:column;align-items:center;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" id="mailchimp-woocommerce-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var mailchimp_public_data = {"site_url":"https:\/\/monthlyreview.org","ajax_url":"https:\/\/monthlyreview.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","disable_carts":"","subscribers_only":"","language":"en","allowed_to_set_cookies":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/mailchimp-for-woocommerce/public/js/mailchimp-woocommerce-public.min.js?ver=5.2.07" id="mailchimp-woocommerce-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/sourcebuster/sourcebuster.min.js?ver=9.7.0" id="sourcebuster-js-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wc-order-attribution-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wc_order_attribution = {"params":{"lifetime":1.0000000000000000818030539140313095458623138256371021270751953125e-5,"session":30,"base64":false,"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/monthlyreview.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","prefix":"wc_order_attribution_","allowTracking":true},"fields":{"source_type":"current.typ","referrer":"current_add.rf","utm_campaign":"current.cmp","utm_source":"current.src","utm_medium":"current.mdm","utm_content":"current.cnt","utm_id":"current.id","utm_term":"current.trm","utm_source_platform":"current.plt","utm_creative_format":"current.fmt","utm_marketing_tactic":"current.tct","session_entry":"current_add.ep","session_start_time":"current_add.fd","session_pages":"session.pgs","session_count":"udata.vst","user_agent":"udata.uag"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/frontend/order-attribution.min.js?ver=9.7.0" id="wc-order-attribution-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wc-cart-fragments-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wc_cart_fragments_params = {"ajax_url":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","wc_ajax_url":"\/?wc-ajax=%%endpoint%%","cart_hash_key":"wc_cart_hash_97daa215782124e570c8e86930cfe086","fragment_name":"wc_fragments_97daa215782124e570c8e86930cfe086","request_timeout":"5000","min_password_strength":"2","i18n_password_error":"<span class=\"mr-red\">Please enter a stronger password.<\/span>","i18n_password_hint":"Your password must be <strong>at least 7 characters<\/strong> and contain a mix of <strong>UPPER<\/strong> and <strong>lowercase<\/strong> letters, <strong>numbers<\/strong>, and <strong>symbols<\/strong> (e.g., <strong> ! \" ? % ^ & <\/strong>). Keep adding additional characters and\/or variation until this prompt disappears\u2014you cannot save changes until it is gone."}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/frontend/cart-fragments.min.js?ver=9.7.0" id="wc-cart-fragments-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?ver=3.15.0" id="wp-polyfill-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=4d63a3d491d11ffd8ac6" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/client/blocks/wc-blocks-frontend-vendors-frontend.js?ver=e901e32ddaa141ede7f3" id="wc-blocks-frontend-vendors-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/client/blocks/wc-interactivity.js?ver=wc-9.7.0" id="wc-interactivity-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/client/blocks/product-collection-frontend.js?ver=c1fbdbe964c34f5a272c" id="wc-product-collection-block-frontend-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <!-- WooCommerce JavaScript --> <script type="rocketlazyloadscript" data-rocket-type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function($) { jQuery('form.checkout').on('change', 'input[name=payment_method]', function(){ setTimeout(function(){ jQuery(document.body).trigger('update_checkout'); },1000); }) }); </script> <script>window.lazyLoadOptions=[{elements_selector:"img[data-lazy-src],.rocket-lazyload,iframe[data-lazy-src]",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,callback_loaded:function(element){if(element.tagName==="IFRAME"&&element.dataset.rocketLazyload=="fitvidscompatible"){if(element.classList.contains("lazyloaded")){if(typeof window.jQuery!="undefined"){if(jQuery.fn.fitVids){jQuery(element).parent().fitVids()}}}}}},{elements_selector:".rocket-lazyload",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,}];window.addEventListener('LazyLoad::Initialized',function(e){var lazyLoadInstance=e.detail.instance;if(window.MutationObserver){var observer=new MutationObserver(function(mutations){var image_count=0;var iframe_count=0;var rocketlazy_count=0;mutations.forEach(function(mutation){for(var i=0;i<mutation.addedNodes.length;i++){if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName!=='function'){continue} if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName!=='function'){continue} images=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('img');is_image=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IMG";iframes=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('iframe');is_iframe=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IFRAME";rocket_lazy=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName('rocket-lazyload');image_count+=images.length;iframe_count+=iframes.length;rocketlazy_count+=rocket_lazy.length;if(is_image){image_count+=1} if(is_iframe){iframe_count+=1}}});if(image_count>0||iframe_count>0||rocketlazy_count>0){lazyLoadInstance.update()}});var b=document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0];var config={childList:!0,subtree:!0};observer.observe(b,config)}},!1)</script><script data-no-minify="1" async src="https://p4r4f7y4.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/plugins/wp-rocket/assets/js/lazyload/17.8.3/lazyload.min.js"></script><script>var rocket_beacon_data = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/monthlyreview.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"c1b8fe1e18","url":"https:\/\/monthlyreview.org\/subjects\/ideology","is_mobile":false,"width_threshold":1600,"height_threshold":700,"delay":500,"debug":null,"status":{"atf":true,"lrc":true},"elements":"img, video, picture, p, main, div, li, svg, section, header, span","lrc_threshold":1800}</script><script data-name="wpr-wpr-beacon" src='https://monthlyreview.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-rocket/assets/js/wpr-beacon.min.js' async></script></body> </html> <!-- This website is like a Rocket, isn't it? Performance optimized by WP Rocket. Learn more: https://wp-rocket.me - Debug: cached@1740866033 -->

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10