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(PDF) Origins of the Second World War in Europe: Chamberlain, Stalin, and their failure to reach an agreement
<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="gxXKOGaT22spnv5GW_rABRBoHJ7ycXYpqhasAqlnt-LYLiFyYOzb3idsjWgRxysb12vMqGiifm0dKDLlvGPd7Q" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Origins of the Second World War in Europe: Chamberlain, Stalin, and their failure to reach an agreement" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2015/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="The Eurasia Studies Society Journal" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Alex Calvo" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/10115015/Origins_of_the_Second_World_War_in_Europe_Chamberlain_Stalin_and_their_failure_to_reach_an_agreement" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Origins of the Second World War in Europe: Chamberlain, Stalin, and their failure to reach an agreement" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Historiography and popular works on the origins of the Second World War in the UK often tend to concentrate on the Franco-British policy of appeasement, with particular stress on the Munich agreements. The Soviet Union appears late in this narrative," /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/984947/2716027/3162725/s200_alexandre.cristina.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/10115015/Origins_of_the_Second_World_War_in_Europe_Chamberlain_Stalin_and_their_failure_to_reach_an_agreement" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Origins of the Second World War in Europe: Chamberlain, Stalin, and their failure to reach an agreement" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Historiography and popular works on the origins of the Second World War in the UK often tend to concentrate on the Franco-British policy of appeasement, with particular stress on the Munich agreements. The Soviet Union appears late in this narrative," /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://nagoya-u.academia.edu/AlexCalvo" /> <meta name="description" content="Historiography and popular works on the origins of the Second World War in the UK often tend to concentrate on the Franco-British policy of appeasement, with particular stress on the Munich agreements. The Soviet Union appears late in this narrative," /> <title>(PDF) Origins of the Second World War in Europe: Chamberlain, Stalin, and their failure to reach an agreement</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/10115015/Origins_of_the_Second_World_War_in_Europe_Chamberlain_Stalin_and_their_failure_to_reach_an_agreement" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '719f2b0d6f888e17967a2ee7f968707e00d57a71'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1738478365000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1738478365000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Historiography and popular works on the origins of the Second World War in the UK often tend to concentrate on the Franco-British policy of appeasement, with particular stress on the Munich agreements. The Soviet Union appears late in this narrative, after the German invasion, with brief mentions of the Molotov - Von Ribbentrop Pact and the ensuing economic cooperation. In particular, the failed negotiations between France and Great Britain on the one hand, and the Soviet Union on the other, in the summer of 1939, are seldom discussed in depth. Their study should ideally include not only the negotiations themselves but the wider mutual views, mistrust, conflicts of interests, and differing perceptions of how to confront a rising Germany. Ideally, future historical scholarship should provide a more integrated view of the run up to the war, seeking to explain why London and Moscow failed to join forces despite perceiving the threat from Berlin. This paper examines this issue and provides an overview of the background to the failure and the mutual views and strategies which ultimately prevented the agreement.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Alex Calvo","url":"https://nagoya-u.academia.edu/AlexCalvo"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2015-01-11","datePublished":"2015-01-01","headline":"Origins of the Second World War in Europe: Chamberlain, Stalin, and their failure to reach an agreement","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36232743/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["History","European History","Military History","Diplomatic History","Strategy (Military Science)","International Relations","Soviet History","British History","International Security","War Studies","Deterrence","Diplomacy","Second World War","History of International Relations","Russian History","World War II","Soviet Union (History)","Stalin and Stalinism","Second World War (History)","World War II history","British appeasement policy","Nazism","Adolf Hitler","International Relations, Security, Strategic Studies, Politics","Politics and International relations","Soviet Foreign policy","Treaty of Versailles","Hitler","Munich Agreement","Great Patriotic war","Hitler Chamberlain","Neville Chamberlain"],"publication":"The Eurasia Studies Society Journal","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"nagoya-u"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36232743/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10115015/Origins_of_the_Second_World_War_in_Europe_Chamberlain_Stalin_and_their_failure_to_reach_an_agreement"}</script><style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 567px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: 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window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":10115015,"created_at":"2015-01-11T13:29:14.055-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2025-01-31T16:16:10.770-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Historiography and popular works on the origins of the Second World War in the UK often tend to concentrate on the Franco-British policy of appeasement, with particular stress on the Munich agreements. The Soviet Union appears late in this narrative, after the German invasion, with brief mentions of the Molotov - Von Ribbentrop Pact and the ensuing economic cooperation. In particular, the failed negotiations between France and Great Britain on the one hand, and the Soviet Union on the other, in the summer of 1939, are seldom discussed in\r\ndepth. Their study should ideally include not only the negotiations themselves but the wider mutual views, mistrust, conflicts of interests, and differing perceptions of how to confront a rising Germany. Ideally, future historical\r\nscholarship should provide a more integrated view of the run up to the war, seeking to explain why London and Moscow failed to join forces despite perceiving the threat from Berlin. This paper examines this issue and provides an overview of the background to the failure and the mutual views and strategies which ultimately prevented the agreement.","ai_title_tag":"Chamberlain, Stalin, and WWII's Origins","publication_date":"2015,1,","publication_name":"The Eurasia Studies Society Journal"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Origins of the Second World War in Europe: Chamberlain, Stalin, and their failure to reach an agreement","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [984947]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":36232743,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Origins of the Second World War in Europe: Chamberlain, Stalin, and their failure to reach an agreement”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/36232743/mini_magick20190309-31891-1mdw64.png?1552172517" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Origins of the Second World War in Europe: Chamberlain, Stalin, and their failure to reach an agreement</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="984947" href="https://nagoya-u.academia.edu/AlexCalvo"><img alt="Profile image of Alex Calvo" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/984947/2716027/3162725/s65_alexandre.cristina.jpg" />Alex Calvo</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2015, The Eurasia Studies Society Journal</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">12 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 10115015; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=10115015"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Historiography and popular works on the origins of the Second World War in the UK often tend to concentrate on the Franco-British policy of appeasement, with particular stress on the Munich agreements. The Soviet Union appears late in this narrative, after the German invasion, with brief mentions of the Molotov - Von Ribbentrop Pact and the ensuing economic cooperation. In particular, the failed negotiations between France and Great Britain on the one hand, and the Soviet Union on the other, in the summer of 1939, are seldom discussed in depth. Their study should ideally include not only the negotiations themselves but the wider mutual views, mistrust, conflicts of interests, and differing perceptions of how to confront a rising Germany. Ideally, future historical scholarship should provide a more integrated view of the run up to the war, seeking to explain why London and Moscow failed to join forces despite perceiving the threat from Berlin. This paper examines this issue and provides an overview of the background to the failure and the mutual views and strategies which ultimately prevented the agreement.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":36232743,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/10115015/Origins_of_the_Second_World_War_in_Europe_Chamberlain_Stalin_and_their_failure_to_reach_an_agreement"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":36232743,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/10115015/Origins_of_the_Second_World_War_in_Europe_Chamberlain_Stalin_and_their_failure_to_reach_an_agreement"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-simple-copy"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up to get access to over 50M papers</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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","attachmentId":36219366,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10098608/_A_Situation_of_Delicacy_and_Danger_Anglo_Soviet_Relations_August_1939_March_1940_Contemporary_European_History_vol_8_part_2_July_1999_pp_175_208","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10098608/_A_Situation_of_Delicacy_and_Danger_Anglo_Soviet_Relations_August_1939_March_1940_Contemporary_European_History_vol_8_part_2_July_1999_pp_175_208"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="76180716" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76180716/Search_for_Partnership_German_Soviet_Political_Relations_on_the_Eve_of_the_Second_World_War">Search for Partnership: German-Soviet Political Relations on the Eve of the Second World War</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5158461" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Kl%C3%A1raFabiankov%C3%A1">Klára Fabianková</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Prague Papers on the History of International Relations, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The aim of the essay is to analyse the most important circumstances which could affected the final Stalin&#39;s decision leading to the ratification of Soviet-German political relations at the end of the thirties. Among others to verify the affirmation that it was a calculated deal with exact objectives in the case of Ribbentrop-Molotov&#39;s Pact. The German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact of August 23rd, 1939 was a calculated accord with precise objectives when in both systems common national interests, which consisted also in the partition of Poland, overshadowed their ideological differences. This paper outlines the circumstances of the negotiations, the main actors, and motives leading to the creation of the agreement. A part of the research is the analysis of importance and direct consequences of the German-Soviet Pact. The political alliance provided Germany both a feeling of relative security in the war against Poland and neutrality of the second party, including the guarantee of ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Search for Partnership: German-Soviet Political Relations on the Eve of the Second World War","attachmentId":83935110,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76180716/Search_for_Partnership_German_Soviet_Political_Relations_on_the_Eve_of_the_Second_World_War","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/76180716/Search_for_Partnership_German_Soviet_Political_Relations_on_the_Eve_of_the_Second_World_War"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="62334008" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62334008/British_Attempts_to_Forge_a_Political_Partnership_with_the_Kremlin_1942_3">British Attempts to Forge a Political Partnership with the Kremlin, 1942–3</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="198687625" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FollyMartin">Martin Folly</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Contemporary History</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In February 1943, the British Foreign Office launched an initiative to open discussions with the Soviet Union on postwar aims, a subject which had been off-limits since the disputes over Soviet frontiers during the negotiation of the Anglo-Soviet Treaty in early 1942. Joseph Stalin's response was to treat the approach seriously, and to request concrete proposals that would lead to a firm formal agreement. The British immediately pulled back, and no progress on political issues was attempted until later in the war. This article analyses this rarely-discussed episode, focusing on how British indecisiveness, at a crucial stage of the war, and the lack of political will of Anthony Eden, led to confusion and mixed messages being sent to the Soviet government. Attempts to build a solid political component to the wartime alliance and to reach agreement on the key issues of a postwar European settlement prior to the end of the war were delayed not so much by the ideological gulf between the allies as their different cultures of diplomacy and the customary processes of their bureaucracies. Ultimately progress was made when each began to adopt elements of the approach of the other.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"British Attempts to Forge a Political Partnership with the Kremlin, 1942–3","attachmentId":75135365,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62334008/British_Attempts_to_Forge_a_Political_Partnership_with_the_Kremlin_1942_3","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/62334008/British_Attempts_to_Forge_a_Political_Partnership_with_the_Kremlin_1942_3"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="41441083" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41441083/_Telling_the_Real_from_the_Fake_The_Origins_of_World_War_II_Paper_given_in_Moscow_week_of_15_December_2019">“Telling the Real from the Fake: The Origins of World War II” Paper given in Moscow, week of 15 December 2019</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22510500" href="https://umontreal.academia.edu/MichaelJabaraCarley">Michael Jabara Carley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“Telling the Real from the Fake: The Origins of World War II” Paper given in Moscow, week of 15 December 2019","attachmentId":62099295,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41441083/_Telling_the_Real_from_the_Fake_The_Origins_of_World_War_II_Paper_given_in_Moscow_week_of_15_December_2019","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41441083/_Telling_the_Real_from_the_Fake_The_Origins_of_World_War_II_Paper_given_in_Moscow_week_of_15_December_2019"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="39185539" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39185539/Review_of_Keith_Neilson_Britain_Soviet_Russia_and_the_Collapse_of_the_Versailles_Order_1919_1939_International_History_Review_vol_XXIX_no_1_mars_2007_pp_179_181">Review of Keith Neilson, Britain, Soviet Russia and the Collapse of the Versailles Order, 1919-1939, International History Review, vol. XXIX, no. 1 (mars 2007), pp. 179-181</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22510500" href="https://umontreal.academia.edu/MichaelJabaraCarley">Michael Jabara Carley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International History Review, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review of Keith Neilson, Britain, Soviet Russia and the Collapse of the Versailles Order, 1919-1939, International History Review, vol. XXIX, no. 1 (mars 2007), pp. 179-181","attachmentId":59312635,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39185539/Review_of_Keith_Neilson_Britain_Soviet_Russia_and_the_Collapse_of_the_Versailles_Order_1919_1939_International_History_Review_vol_XXIX_no_1_mars_2007_pp_179_181","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39185539/Review_of_Keith_Neilson_Britain_Soviet_Russia_and_the_Collapse_of_the_Versailles_Order_1919_1939_International_History_Review_vol_XXIX_no_1_mars_2007_pp_179_181"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="103180725" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/103180725/The_Background_to_the_Anglo_Soviet_Treaty_of_1942_The_Problem_of_Compromise_Solutions_for_Lithuania_The_Baltic_States_">The Background to the Anglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942: The Problem of Compromise Solutions for Lithuania (The Baltic States)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48074941" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%C4%8CeslovasLaurinavi%C4%8Dius">Česlovas Laurinavičius</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Lithuanian Historical Studies</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In 1942, when drafting a strategic cooperation treaty between the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom, the foreign secretary Anthony Eden was responsible for preparing projects to solve the Balts’ problems, based on which the Baltic States could preserve limited sovereignty. This aspect has received little attention in historiography, seemingly because it is treated as an ephemeral, insignificant episode. It cannot be dismissed that the provision of a compromise with the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin, which was in principle impossible, did apply. However, historical material suggests a different conclusion. This article was also inspired by Henry Kissinger’s opinion that it was the idealism of the US president Franklin D. Roosevelt that prevented Western states from reaching a compromise with Stalin. This article reveals what went on ‘behind the scenes’ in big politics: how the Baltic States factor, in itself rather insignificant to the big states, allows for identifying the prime g...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Background to the Anglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942: The Problem of Compromise Solutions for Lithuania (The Baltic States)","attachmentId":103255307,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/103180725/The_Background_to_the_Anglo_Soviet_Treaty_of_1942_The_Problem_of_Compromise_Solutions_for_Lithuania_The_Baltic_States_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/103180725/The_Background_to_the_Anglo_Soviet_Treaty_of_1942_The_Problem_of_Compromise_Solutions_for_Lithuania_The_Baltic_States_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="9608960" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9608960/_Who_Betrayed_Whom_Franco_Anglo_Soviet_Relations_1932_1939_Gab_es_einen_Stalin_Hitler_Pakt_Freie_Universit%C3%A4t_Berlin_Berlin_conf%C3%A9rence_f%C3%A9vrier_2014">"Who Betrayed Whom? Franco-Anglo-Soviet Relations, 1932–1939," Gab es einen Stalin-Hitler Pakt? - Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, conférence, février 2014</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22510500" href="https://umontreal.academia.edu/MichaelJabaraCarley">Michael Jabara Carley</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\"Who Betrayed Whom? 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