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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="Bxyx+Kys6JqGR7WVK+ygAeU66RzzdG3so5i9PpWAnq7pkxqjTLoBoAOlaXnFAbvM+mEbFtZU7yCZUK8pi1xZTA==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Afrika’s Cause Must Triumph: Towards the Hegemony of Lembede’s “Afrika for the Afrikans” as a Political Philosophy of National Liberation in “South Africa”." /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Masilo Lepuru" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/120267405/Afrika_s_Cause_Must_Triumph_Towards_the_Hegemony_of_Lembede_s_Afrika_for_the_Afrikans_as_a_Political_Philosophy_of_National_Liberation_in_South_Africa_" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Afrika’s Cause Must Triumph: Towards the Hegemony of Lembede’s “Afrika for the Afrikans” as a Political Philosophy of National Liberation in “South Africa”." /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="A nton Lembede, who is regarded as a member of the &quot;new Afrikans&quot;, propagated the political philosophy of Afrikanism that is premised on an exclusive idea of &quot;Afrika for the Afrikans.&quot; On the other hand, A.P. Mda&#39;s idea of" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/67293770/17505860/149971149/s200_masilo.lepuru.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/120267405/Afrika_s_Cause_Must_Triumph_Towards_the_Hegemony_of_Lembede_s_Afrika_for_the_Afrikans_as_a_Political_Philosophy_of_National_Liberation_in_South_Africa_" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Afrika’s Cause Must Triumph: Towards the Hegemony of Lembede’s “Afrika for the Afrikans” as a Political Philosophy of National Liberation in “South Africa”." /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="A nton Lembede, who is regarded as a member of the &quot;new Afrikans&quot;, propagated the political philosophy of Afrikanism that is premised on an exclusive idea of &quot;Afrika for the Afrikans.&quot; On the other hand, A.P. Mda&#39;s idea of" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/lepuru" /> <meta name="description" content="A nton Lembede, who is regarded as a member of the &quot;new Afrikans&quot;, propagated the political philosophy of Afrikanism that is premised on an exclusive idea of &quot;Afrika for the Afrikans.&quot; On the other hand, A.P. Mda&#39;s idea of" /> <title>(PDF) Lembede's Afrikanism vs Mda's Broad Nationalism in South Africa</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/120267405/Afrika_s_Cause_Must_Triumph_Towards_the_Hegemony_of_Lembede_s_Afrika_for_the_Afrikans_as_a_Political_Philosophy_of_National_Liberation_in_South_Africa_" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '80db5713b537f171057fdcf4bfc7d2d5f6287a96'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1734019978000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1734019978000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"A nton Lembede, who is regarded as a member of the \u0026amp;quot;new Afrikans\u0026amp;quot;, propagated the political philosophy of Afrikanism that is premised on an exclusive idea of \u0026amp;quot;Afrika for the Afrikans.\u0026amp;quot; On the other hand, A.P. Mda\u0026amp;#39;s idea of \u0026amp;quot;broad nationalism\u0026amp;quot; pursued an inclusive idea of Afrika. This paper seeks to foreground Lembede\u0026amp;#39;s exclusive idea of Afrika in contrast to Mda\u0026amp;#39;s idea of \u0026amp;quot;broad nationalism\u0026amp;quot; and inclusive idea of Afrika. We will rely on the historical and comparative method and the Afrikan-centred theoretical paradigm. There are several findings which this paper has deduced. The first one is that the political and intellectual relationship between Lembede and Mda has eventuated in the epochal emergence of the antagonism between two Afrikan political philosophies of national liberation in conquered Azania. These philosophies are Afrikanism and broad nationalism. The second one is that the intellectual legacy of Lembede is a marginalised study in South African scholarship especially on the figures of the Black Radical Tradition. The third one is that the broad nationalism of Mda was transformed into the Azanian political tradition by Robert Sobukwe and Steve Biko. The last one is that the triumph of Mda\u0026amp;#39;s idea of Afrika must triumph has contributed to the disastrous dominance of nonracialism in South Africa at the expense of the racial nationalism of Lembede. This nonracialism has taken the form of the Congress/Charterist nonracialism of the African National Congress and its Tripartite Alliance and the Azanian nonracialism of the Pan-Africanist Congress and the Black Consciousness Movement. The fundamental objective of this paper is a call for the replacement of these naïve and dangerous forms of nonracialism with the uncompromising racial nationalism of Lembede, so that Africa\u0026amp;#39;s cause can triumph as he envisioned it.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Masilo Lepuru"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2024-05-30","dateModified":"2024-11-30","headline":"Afrika’s Cause Must Triumph: Towards the Hegemony of Lembede’s “Afrika for the Afrikans” as a Political Philosophy of National Liberation in “South Africa”.","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115474327/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":[],"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115474327/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/120267405/Afrika_s_Cause_Must_Triumph_Towards_the_Hegemony_of_Lembede_s_Afrika_for_the_Afrikans_as_a_Political_Philosophy_of_National_Liberation_in_South_Africa_"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F120267405%2FAfrika_s_Cause_Must_Triumph_Towards_the_Hegemony_of_Lembede_s_Afrika_for_the_Afrikans_as_a_Political_Philosophy_of_National_Liberation_in_South_Africa_%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":115474327,"identifier":"Attachment_115474327","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":120267405,"created_at":"2024-05-30T05:44:24.869-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2024-11-30T11:36:54.101-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"A nton Lembede, who is regarded as a member of the \"new Afrikans\", propagated the political philosophy of Afrikanism that is premised on an exclusive idea of \"Afrika for the Afrikans.\" On the other hand, A.P. Mda's idea of \"broad nationalism\" pursued an inclusive idea of Afrika. This paper seeks to foreground Lembede's exclusive idea of Afrika in contrast to Mda's idea of \"broad nationalism\" and inclusive idea of Afrika. We will rely on the historical and comparative method and the Afrikan-centred theoretical paradigm. There are several findings which this paper has deduced. The first one is that the political and intellectual relationship between Lembede and Mda has eventuated in the epochal emergence of the antagonism between two Afrikan political philosophies of national liberation in conquered Azania. These philosophies are Afrikanism and broad nationalism. The second one is that the intellectual legacy of Lembede is a marginalised study in South African scholarship especially on the figures of the Black Radical Tradition. The third one is that the broad nationalism of Mda was transformed into the Azanian political tradition by Robert Sobukwe and Steve Biko. The last one is that the triumph of Mda's idea of Afrika must triumph has contributed to the disastrous dominance of nonracialism in South Africa at the expense of the racial nationalism of Lembede. This nonracialism has taken the form of the Congress/Charterist nonracialism of the African National Congress and its Tripartite Alliance and the Azanian nonracialism of the Pan-Africanist Congress and the Black Consciousness Movement. The fundamental objective of this paper is a call for the replacement of these naïve and dangerous forms of nonracialism with the uncompromising racial nationalism of Lembede, so that Africa's cause can triumph as he envisioned it.","ai_title_tag":"Lembede's Afrikanism vs Mda's Broad Nationalism in South Africa"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Afrika’s Cause Must Triumph: Towards the Hegemony of Lembede’s “Afrika for the Afrikans” as a Political Philosophy of National Liberation in “South Africa”.","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [67293770]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":115474327,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Afrika’s Cause Must Triumph: Towards the Hegemony of Lembede’s “Afrika for the Afrikans” as a Political Philosophy of National Liberation in “South Africa”.”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/115474327/mini_magick20240802-1-bz7zi4.png?1722574971" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Afrika’s Cause Must Triumph: Towards the Hegemony of Lembede’s “Afrika for the Afrikans” as a Political Philosophy of National Liberation in “South Africa”.</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="67293770" href="https://independent.academia.edu/lepuru"><img alt="Profile image of Masilo Lepuru" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/67293770/17505860/149971149/s65_masilo.lepuru.jpg" />Masilo Lepuru</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">10 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 120267405; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">A nton Lembede, who is regarded as a member of the "new Afrikans", propagated the political philosophy of Afrikanism that is premised on an exclusive idea of "Afrika for the Afrikans." On the other hand, A.P. Mda's idea of "broad nationalism" pursued an inclusive idea of Afrika. This paper seeks to foreground Lembede's exclusive idea of Afrika in contrast to Mda's idea of "broad nationalism" and inclusive idea of Afrika. We will rely on the historical and comparative method and the Afrikan-centred theoretical paradigm. There are several findings which this paper has deduced. The first one is that the political and intellectual relationship between Lembede and Mda has eventuated in the epochal emergence of the antagonism between two Afrikan political philosophies of national liberation in conquered Azania. These philosophies are Afrikanism and broad nationalism. The second one is that the intellectual legacy of Lembede is a marginalised study in South African scholarship especially on the figures of the Black Radical Tradition. The third one is that the broad nationalism of Mda was transformed into the Azanian political tradition by Robert Sobukwe and Steve Biko. The last one is that the triumph of Mda's idea of Afrika must triumph has contributed to the disastrous dominance of nonracialism in South Africa at the expense of the racial nationalism of Lembede. This nonracialism has taken the form of the Congress/Charterist nonracialism of the African National Congress and its Tripartite Alliance and the Azanian nonracialism of the Pan-Africanist Congress and the Black Consciousness Movement. The fundamental objective of this paper is a call for the replacement of these naïve and dangerous forms of nonracialism with the uncompromising racial nationalism of Lembede, so that Africa's cause can triumph as he envisioned it.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":115474327,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/120267405/Afrika_s_Cause_Must_Triumph_Towards_the_Hegemony_of_Lembede_s_Afrika_for_the_Afrikans_as_a_Political_Philosophy_of_National_Liberation_in_South_Africa_"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":115474327,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/120267405/Afrika_s_Cause_Must_Triumph_Towards_the_Hegemony_of_Lembede_s_Afrika_for_the_Afrikans_as_a_Political_Philosophy_of_National_Liberation_in_South_Africa_"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="115474327" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/120267405/Afrika_s_Cause_Must_Triumph_Towards_the_Hegemony_of_Lembede_s_Afrika_for_the_Afrikans_as_a_Political_Philosophy_of_National_Liberation_in_South_Africa_" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="114311708" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114311708/Lembedes_Afrika_for_the_Afrikans_and_the_Azanian_Tradition_Today_A_Comparative_Analysis_of_Two_Forms_of_Afrikan_Nationalism_in_South_Africa_">Lembede's Afrika for the Afrikans and the Azanian Tradition Today: A Comparative Analysis of Two Forms of Afrikan Nationalism in "South Africa"</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="67293770" href="https://independent.academia.edu/lepuru">Masilo Lepuru</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The role of the missionaries in the conquest of Afrika has led to the emergence of "Afrikan liberalism" and its idea of Afrika. Christianity and European miseducation as instruments of epistemicide created a group of "new Afrikans" who, as the leading ideologues of the conquered Afrikans, were infected with European liberalism and humanism. The latter are the conditions necessary for the propagation of an inclusive Afrikan nationalism which seeks to integrate non-Afrikans, such as Europeans and Asians, into Afrika. Anton Lembede, who was a member of the new Afrikans, propagated the political philosophy of Afrikanism, which was premised on an exclusive idea of Afrika for the Afrikans. Robert Sobukwe and Steve Biko, through A. P. Mda's idea of "broad nationalism", pursued an inclusive idea of Afrika. This article seeks to foreground Lembede's exclusive idea of Afrika in contrast to the Azanian tradition's non-racial and inclusive idea of Afrika, as encapsulated in Sobukwe's metaphor of the Afrikan tree and Biko's metaphor of the Afrikan table. This article engages in a brief comparative analysis of two forms of Afrikan nationalism in South Africa to underscore the two ideas of Afrika.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lembede's Afrika for the Afrikans and the Azanian Tradition Today: A Comparative Analysis of Two Forms of Afrikan Nationalism in \"South Africa\"","attachmentId":111043314,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114311708/Lembedes_Afrika_for_the_Afrikans_and_the_Azanian_Tradition_Today_A_Comparative_Analysis_of_Two_Forms_of_Afrikan_Nationalism_in_South_Africa_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114311708/Lembedes_Afrika_for_the_Afrikans_and_the_Azanian_Tradition_Today_A_Comparative_Analysis_of_Two_Forms_of_Afrikan_Nationalism_in_South_Africa_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="114284908" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114284908/The_Seeds_Were_Already_Sown_The_Interface_between_Garveyism_Lembedes_Afrikanism_and_the_Black_Radical_Tradition_in_South_Africa">The Seeds Were Already Sown: The Interface between Garveyism, Lembede's Afrikanism, and the Black Radical Tradition in South Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="67293770" href="https://independent.academia.edu/lepuru">Masilo Lepuru</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Scholarship on Garveyism as a form of Afrikan philosophy of liberation is scarce in South African politics and history. Robert Edgar and Robert Vinson have laid the foundation for scholarship on the influence of the Garvey movement in South Africa. However, their scholarship does not delve into political philosophy as a component of Afrikan philosophy, especially the national-ideological tradition. This paper will rely on historical research design to discuss the political philosophy of Anton Lembede, who was influenced by Garveyism to formulate his political philosophy of Afrikanism. This paper will utilise the historical analytical framework to provide a brief intellectual portrait of Lembede to substantiate the argument that his political philosophy of Afrikanism was influenced by Garveyism. Because this paper is about the Black Radical Tradition in South Africa, it will depart from the fundamental premise that a radical indigenous tradition of resistance preceded the arrival of Garveyism in South Africa. The main objective of the paper is to delineate this indigenous radical tradition, which we call the Indigenous Fundamentalist Tradition. The second objective is to show that this resistance tradition was infused with Garveyism upon its arrival to lay the foundation for Lembede's</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Seeds Were Already Sown: The Interface between Garveyism, Lembede's Afrikanism, and the Black Radical Tradition in South Africa","attachmentId":111023066,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114284908/The_Seeds_Were_Already_Sown_The_Interface_between_Garveyism_Lembedes_Afrikanism_and_the_Black_Radical_Tradition_in_South_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114284908/The_Seeds_Were_Already_Sown_The_Interface_between_Garveyism_Lembedes_Afrikanism_and_the_Black_Radical_Tradition_in_South_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="114186201" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114186201/A_cold_wind_from_the_north_and_the_making_of_Lembedes_Afrikanism_Notes_on_the_Indigenous_Fundamentalist_Tradition_and_the_Philosophy_of_Garveyism_in_South_Africa">A cold wind from the north and the making of Lembede's Afrikanism: Notes on the Indigenous Fundamentalist Tradition and the Philosophy of Garveyism in South Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="67293770" href="https://independent.academia.edu/lepuru">Masilo Lepuru</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Literature on the radical indigenous resistance tradition, which predated the emergence of Garveyism as a form of Afrikan philosophy of liberation is scarce in South African politics and history. Robert Edgar and Robert Vinson have contributed to the literature on the influence of Garveyism in South Africa in the 1920s. However, their scholarship does not delve into the emergence of the radical indigenous resistance tradition which was a reaction to conquest since 1652 in wars of colonization in South Africa. This paper seeks to remedy this gap by discussing this radical indigenous resistance tradition which we designate as the Indigenous Fundamentalist Tradition. This paper will utilize the historical analytical framework to provide a brief outline of the cause and elements of this tradition. We will rely on historical research design to discuss how, upon its arrival in the 1920s, Garveyism regalvanised this radical indigenous resistance tradition. The first objective of the paper is to foreground the convergence of the intellectual and political endeavours of people of Afrikan descent (continent and diaspora) in their struggle against global white supremacy. The second objective is to contribute to the eventual hegemony of the combined radicalism of the Indigenous Fundamentalist Tradition and Garveyism which is a marginalized issue in the literature on Afrikan nationalism and the Black Radical Tradition in South Africa. This paper will provide a brief intellectual portrait of Lembede to argue that through his political philosophy of Afrikanism he encapsulated the convergence of the Indigenous Fundamentalist Tradition and Garveyism. This is in order to lay the foundation for the foregrounding of Lembede's idea of Afrika for the Afrikans as an alternative paradigm regarding the national question in South Africa.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A cold wind from the north and the making of Lembede's Afrikanism: Notes on the Indigenous Fundamentalist Tradition and the Philosophy of Garveyism in South Africa","attachmentId":110949993,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114186201/A_cold_wind_from_the_north_and_the_making_of_Lembedes_Afrikanism_Notes_on_the_Indigenous_Fundamentalist_Tradition_and_the_Philosophy_of_Garveyism_in_South_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114186201/A_cold_wind_from_the_north_and_the_making_of_Lembedes_Afrikanism_Notes_on_the_Indigenous_Fundamentalist_Tradition_and_the_Philosophy_of_Garveyism_in_South_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="28806329" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28806329/Nationalismus_in_Afrika_und_Asien">Nationalismus in Afrika und Asien</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1585392" href="https://uni-hamburg.academia.edu/MichaelPesek">Michael Pesek</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Nationalismus in Afrika und Asien","attachmentId":49224515,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28806329/Nationalismus_in_Afrika_und_Asien","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28806329/Nationalismus_in_Afrika_und_Asien"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="35430390" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35430390/Contested_Memory_Retrieving_the_Africanist_Liberatory_Conception_of_Non_racialism">Contested Memory: Retrieving the Africanist (Liberatory) Conception of Non-racialism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="791726" href="https://up-za.academia.edu/NdumisoDladla">Ndumiso Dladla</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">South Africa since 1994 is widely represented as a society which has broken both historically and politically with white supremacy. One of the central discursive pillars sustaining this representation is the appeal to the most recent South African constitution Act 108 of 1996, the founding provisions of which declare that South Africa is founded on the value of non-racialism. The central argument of this article is that an examination of the philosophical underpinnings of the non-racialism of the constitution can give us a better understanding of why and how South Africa remains a racial polity despite the coming into effect of the constitution. We will conclude the article by considering the ethical and political demands which must be met before the actuality of non-racialism may be experienced.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Contested Memory: Retrieving the Africanist (Liberatory) Conception of Non-racialism","attachmentId":55291207,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35430390/Contested_Memory_Retrieving_the_Africanist_Liberatory_Conception_of_Non_racialism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35430390/Contested_Memory_Retrieving_the_Africanist_Liberatory_Conception_of_Non_racialism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="122404461" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/122404461/Albert_Kasanda_2018_Contemporary_African_Social_and_Political_Philosophy_Trends_Debates_and_Challenges_London_and_New_York_Routledge_174_pp_ISBN_978_0_8153_8166_2">Albert Kasanda. 2018. Contemporary African Social and Political Philosophy: Trends, Debates and Challenges. London and New York: Routledge. 174 pp. ISBN 978-0-8153-8166-2</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="67700693" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HanaHorakova">Hana Horakova</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Modern Africa, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Albert Kasanda. 2018. Contemporary African Social and Political Philosophy: Trends, Debates and Challenges. London and New York: Routledge. 174 pp. ISBN 978-0-8153-8166-2","attachmentId":117074316,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122404461/Albert_Kasanda_2018_Contemporary_African_Social_and_Political_Philosophy_Trends_Debates_and_Challenges_London_and_New_York_Routledge_174_pp_ISBN_978_0_8153_8166_2","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/122404461/Albert_Kasanda_2018_Contemporary_African_Social_and_Political_Philosophy_Trends_Debates_and_Challenges_London_and_New_York_Routledge_174_pp_ISBN_978_0_8153_8166_2"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="45079925" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45079925/Afrocentrism_Revisited_Africa_in_the_Philosophy_of_Black_Nationalism">Afrocentrism Revisited: Africa in the Philosophy of Black Nationalism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7344295" href="https://duke.academia.edu/SarahBalakrishnan">Sarah Balakrishnan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Souls, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In the 1990s, the political tradition of Afrocentrism came under attack in the Western academy, resulting in its glaring omission from most genealogies of Black thought today. This is despite the fact that Afrocentrism had roots dating back to the 15th century, shaping movements like Pan-Africanism and Négritude. It is also despite the fact that the tradition resulted in important cornerstones of Black American life: the holiday of Kwanzaa, the discipline of Black Studies, and independent Afrocentric schools. This essay revisits Afrocentrism as a foundation for the Black Radical Tradition. It argues that Afrocentrism presupposed the relationship between Blackness and Africa to be the central problem for emancipatory thought. Re-embracing Africa not only meant resistance; it targeted the originary thread of political modernity itself–that is, the separation of Blackness from Africa.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Afrocentrism Revisited: Africa in the Philosophy of Black Nationalism","attachmentId":65638324,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45079925/Afrocentrism_Revisited_Africa_in_the_Philosophy_of_Black_Nationalism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/45079925/Afrocentrism_Revisited_Africa_in_the_Philosophy_of_Black_Nationalism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="75480290" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75480290/The_Third_International_and_the_Struggle_for_ational_Liberation_in_South_Africa">The Third International and the Struggle for ational Liberation in South Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12413563" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/RKelley">Robin Kelley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Third International and the Struggle for ational Liberation in South Africa","attachmentId":83232460,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75480290/The_Third_International_and_the_Struggle_for_ational_Liberation_in_South_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/75480290/The_Third_International_and_the_Struggle_for_ational_Liberation_in_South_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="95069976" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/95069976/The_African_Nationalist_Idea_of_Africa">The African Nationalist Idea of Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9821906" href="https://independent.academia.edu/danmotaung">dan motaung</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Thinker, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">T his paper probes the impact of colonial designs in the fabrication of native subjectivities, which eventuated in toxic political identities that would later undermine the post-colonial nationalist project. African history was shaped by three discursive periods: pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial. The colonisation period deformed, distorted and adulterated Africa's pre-colonial cultural landscape-its sense of selfhood. African nationalism was a response to this ontologically debilitated condition of African personhood resulting from the violence of self-serving European colonial modernity, which created a structured subjugation of the African 'other.' African colonial elites at once defined and epitomised various forms of African nationalism against European incursion. However, these African modernisers failed to grasp the historicity of such enduringly baneful identity politics, and were thereby often themselves cast into the vortex of social contradictions reflective of this history. Mamdani made this observation when he stated that in kick-starting the nation-building project after independence, post-colonial elites turned their backs on the history of colonialism and thus on their own history. Instead, they modelled their political imagination on the modern European state, the result being the nationalist dream was imposed on the reality of colonially imposed fragmentation, leading to new rounds of nation-building by ethnic cleansing. Consequently, African nationalism has invariably spread across large swathes of postcolonial Africa as it degenerated into odious ethnonationalism and chauvinism. Only through a deeper historical understanding of these colonial processes of African political identification can an we begin to understand how this once glorious African nationalism regressed into a dystopian one. This article draws on history to dissect this legacy of subjective forms of African self-understanding.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The African Nationalist Idea of Africa","attachmentId":97353550,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95069976/The_African_Nationalist_Idea_of_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/95069976/The_African_Nationalist_Idea_of_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="37502826" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37502826/Mayibuye_iAfrika_Disjunctive_Inclusions_and_Black_Strivings_for_Constitution_and_Belonging_in_South_Africa">Mayibuye iAfrika? Disjunctive Inclusions and Black Strivings for Constitution and Belonging in 'South Africa'</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="632573" href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/TshepoMadlingozi">Tshepo Madlingozi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">What are the constitutional implications of the decolonisation call, Mayibuye iAfrika (‘Return Africa’/‘Re-member Africa’?). The thesis defended in this dissertation is that contemporary contestations around lack of constitution (etymologically, constare ‘to stand together,’ and historically, the imperative to constitute an inclusive polity) and belonging (affectively and materially) can only be resolved through constitutional re-arrangements aimed at re-constituting “South Africa” on the spiritual, social and material planes – the three realms of African belonging in the world. Such processes of (re)constituting and re-membering Africa (and thus fidelity to the decolonisation call, Mayibuye iAfrika) are only possible when constitution-makers undergo their own processes of disalienation, rebirth, and of returning from liminal worlds. Such voyages would enable these elites to contribute to processes of “African renaissance,” creolising national consciousness, nation-becoming and towards pluriversality. My original contribution is to propose decolonising constitution-making/homemaking processes inspired by Es’kia Mphahlele, Steve Biko and Abahlali baseMjondolo. I argue that Mphahlele, Biko and Abahlali’s interconnected praxes of Afrikan Humanness, Black Consciousness and Abahlalism rise to the decolonising challenge because they, respectively and together, seek to re-member and (re)make the spiritual world, the social world and the material world and in that way terminate the pariahdom and worldlessness of historically conquered people.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mayibuye iAfrika? Disjunctive Inclusions and Black Strivings for Constitution and Belonging in 'South Africa'","attachmentId":57474030,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37502826/Mayibuye_iAfrika_Disjunctive_Inclusions_and_Black_Strivings_for_Constitution_and_Belonging_in_South_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37502826/Mayibuye_iAfrika_Disjunctive_Inclusions_and_Black_Strivings_for_Constitution_and_Belonging_in_South_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":115474327,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":115474327,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_115474327" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="37437218" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37437218/Afropolitanism_and_the_End_of_Black_Nationalism_in_the_Routledge_International_Handbook_of_Cosmopolitanism_Studies_2nd_ed_">Afropolitanism and the End of Black Nationalism (in the Routledge International Handbook of Cosmopolitanism Studies, 2nd ed.)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7344295" href="https://duke.academia.edu/SarahBalakrishnan">Sarah Balakrishnan</a></div><p 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href="https://www.academia.edu/37437218/Afropolitanism_and_the_End_of_Black_Nationalism_in_the_Routledge_International_Handbook_of_Cosmopolitanism_Studies_2nd_ed_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="48964502" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48964502/Pan_Africanism_A_Quest_for_Liberation_and_the_Pursuit_of_a_United_Africa">Pan-Africanism: A Quest for Liberation and the Pursuit of a United Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="184801448" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GenealogyMDPI">Genealogy MDPI</a><span>, </span><a 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