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Mezon – Wikipedija

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id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Podjela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podjela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Podjela</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Podjela-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Podjela</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Podjela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Kaon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-J/ψ_mezon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#J/ψ_mezon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>J/ψ mezon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-J/ψ_mezon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mezoni,_prodorna_komponenta_kozmičkih_zraka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mezoni,_prodorna_komponenta_kozmičkih_zraka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mezoni, prodorna komponenta kozmičkih zraka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mezoni,_prodorna_komponenta_kozmičkih_zraka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mezon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 73 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" title="Meson – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Meson" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" title="Meson – švicarski njemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Meson" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="švicarski njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="ميزون – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميزون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mes%C3%B3n" title="Mesón – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mesón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="مزون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مزون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мезон – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мезон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мезон – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мезон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8" title="মেসন – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেসন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezon" title="Mezon – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mezon" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mes%C3%B3" title="Mesó – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mesó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezon" title="Mezon – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mezon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" title="Meson – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Meson" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" title="Meson – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Meson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μεσόνιο – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεσόνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" title="Meson – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Meson" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezono" title="Mezono – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mezono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mes%C3%B3n" title="Mesón – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mesón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesonid" title="Mesonid – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mesonid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoi" title="Mesoi – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mesoi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="مزون – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مزون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoni" title="Mesoni – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mesoni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9son" title="Méson – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Méson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9as%C3%B3n" title="Méasón – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Méasón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9F_(%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A7)" title="מזון (חלקיק) – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מזון (חלקיק)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="मेसॉन – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मेसॉन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezon" title="Mezon – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mezon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Մեզոն – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեզոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" title="Meson – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Meson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%B0eind" title="Miðeind – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Miðeind" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesone" title="Mesone – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mesone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%96%93%E5%AD%90" title="中間子 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中間子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მეზონი – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეზონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мезон – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мезон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮೆಸಾನ್ – karnatački" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೆಸಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="karnatački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B0%84%EC%9E%90" title="중간자 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중간자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" title="Meson – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Meson" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" title="Meson – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Meson" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezonas" title="Mezonas – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mezonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezoni" title="Mezoni – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mezoni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мезон – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мезон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="മെസോൺ – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മെസോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мезон – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мезон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" title="Meson – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Meson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%87%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="မေဇွန် – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မေဇွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" title="Meson – donjonjemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Meson" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="donjonjemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" title="Meson – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Meson" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" title="Meson – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Meson" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" title="Meson – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Meson" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" title="Meson – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Meson" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮੀਜ਼ੌਨ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੀਜ਼ੌਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezony" title="Mezony – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mezony" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86" title="میزون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میزون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9son" title="Méson – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Méson" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezon" title="Mezon – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mezon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мезон – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мезон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezon" title="Mezon – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mezon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B1" title="මීසෝන – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මීසෝන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" title="Meson – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Meson" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mez%C3%B3n" title="Mezón – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mezón" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezon" title="Mezon – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mezon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezon" title="Mezon – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Mezon" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" title="Meson – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Meson" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="மேசான் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேசான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="เมซอน – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เมซอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" title="Meson – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Meson" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezon" title="Mezon – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mezon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Мезони – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мезони" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezonlar" title="Mezonlar – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mezonlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" title="Meson – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Meson" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson" title="Meson – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Meson" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="介子 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="介子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="介子 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="介子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E5%AD%90" title="介子 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="介子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q102742#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mezon" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:Mezon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovorna stranica (stranica ne postoji) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">hrvatski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mezon"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;action=history" title="Ranije izmjene na ovoj stranici [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pomagala" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pomagala</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pomagala</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mezon"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;action=history"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Razno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/Mezon" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/Mezon" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Popis svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;oldid=6968614" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&amp;page=Mezon&amp;id=6968614&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMezon"><span>Skraćeni URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMezon"><span>Preuzmi QR kôd</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ispis/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Zbirka&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Mezon"><span>Stvori knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Mezon&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;printable=yes" title="Inačica za ispis ove stranice [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inačica za ispis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikimedijini projekti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mesons" 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lang="hr" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width: 20em; text-align: left; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="2"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 110%;" colspan="2"><div style="text-align:center;"><i><b>Mezon</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Noneto_mes%C3%B4nico_de_spin_0.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Noneto_mes%C3%B4nico_de_spin_0.png/300px-Noneto_mes%C3%B4nico_de_spin_0.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Noneto_mes%C3%B4nico_de_spin_0.png/450px-Noneto_mes%C3%B4nico_de_spin_0.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Noneto_mes%C3%B4nico_de_spin_0.png/600px-Noneto_mes%C3%B4nico_de_spin_0.png 2x" data-file-width="909" data-file-height="655" /></a></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align:center;"><small>Nonet mezona sa spinom 0.</small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Kompozicija:</b></td> <td>Građen od kvarka i antikvarka </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesti%C4%8Dna_statistika&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Čestična statistika (stranica ne postoji)">Čestična statistika</a>:</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bozoni" title="Bozoni">Bozoni</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalne_interakcije" title="Fundamentalne interakcije">Međudjelovanje</a>:</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gravitacijska_sila" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitacijska sila">Gravitacijsko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slaba_nuklearna_sila" title="Slaba nuklearna sila">slabo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaka_nuklearna_sila" title="Jaka nuklearna sila">jako</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetska_sila" title="Elektromagnetska sila">elektromagnetsko</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Simbol(i):</b></td> <td>Poznato oko 200 mezona </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Teoretiziran:</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Jukava" title="Hideki Jukava">Hideki Jukava</a> (1935.) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Otkriven:</b></td> <td>1947. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">Masa</a>:</b></td> <td>Od 134,9 eV/c<sup>2</sup> (π<sup>0</sup>) do 9,460 GeV/c<sup>2</sup> (ϒ) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj">Električni naboj</a>:</b></td> <td>-1 <a href="/wiki/Elementarni_naboj" title="Elementarni naboj">e</a>, 0 e, +1 e </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Spin_(fizika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin (fizika)">Spin</a>:</b></td> <td>0, 1 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Quark_structure_pion.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Quark_structure_pion.svg/300px-Quark_structure_pion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Quark_structure_pion.svg/450px-Quark_structure_pion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Quark_structure_pion.svg/600px-Quark_structure_pion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Struktura <a href="/wiki/Pion" title="Pion">piona</a> (&#960;<sup>+</sup>).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:HessKol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/HessKol.jpg/300px-HessKol.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/HessKol.jpg/450px-HessKol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/HessKol.jpg/600px-HessKol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kozmi%C4%8Dke_zrake" title="Kozmičke zrake">Kozmičke zrake</a>: povećanje <a href="/wiki/Ionizacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionizacija">ionizacije</a> s <a href="/wiki/Nadmorska_visina" title="Nadmorska visina">nadmorskom visinom</a> koju je mjerio V. F. Hess 1912. i Kolhörster 1913. i 1914.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:HafelekarSteinkeApperatus.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/HafelekarSteinkeApperatus.JPG/300px-HafelekarSteinkeApperatus.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/HafelekarSteinkeApperatus.JPG/450px-HafelekarSteinkeApperatus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/HafelekarSteinkeApperatus.JPG/600px-HafelekarSteinkeApperatus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Originalna aparatura (<a href="/wiki/Ionizacijska_komora" title="Ionizacijska komora">ionizacijska komora</a>) koju je <a href="/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess" title="Victor Franz Hess">V. F. Hess</a> koristio za otkrivanje <a href="/wiki/Kozmi%C4%8Dke_zrake" title="Kozmičke zrake">kozmičkih zraka</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Cloud_chamber_bionerd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cloud_chamber_bionerd.jpg/300px-Cloud_chamber_bionerd.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cloud_chamber_bionerd.jpg/450px-Cloud_chamber_bionerd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cloud_chamber_bionerd.jpg/600px-Cloud_chamber_bionerd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maglena_komora" title="Maglena komora">Maglena komora</a> s vidljivim linijama <a href="/wiki/Ioniziraju%C4%87e_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Ionizirajuće zračenje">ionizirajućeg zračenja</a> (kratke, debele: <a href="/wiki/Alfa-%C4%8Destica" title="Alfa-čestica">alfa-čestice</a>; duge, tanke: <a href="/wiki/Beta-%C4%8Destica" title="Beta-čestica">beta-čestice</a>).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:AirShower.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/AirShower.svg/300px-AirShower.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/AirShower.svg/450px-AirShower.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/AirShower.svg/600px-AirShower.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>Nakon što uđu u <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_atmosfera" title="Zemljina atmosfera">Zemljinu atmosferu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kozmi%C4%8Dke_%C4%8Destice" class="mw-redirect" title="Kozmičke čestice">kozmičke čestice</a> se sudaraju s <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekulama</a>, uglavnom <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik">dušikom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">kisikom</a>, stvarajući slapove manjih čestica, koje zovemo još pljusak <a href="/wiki/Elementarna_%C4%8Destica" title="Elementarna čestica">elementarnih čestica</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:PositronDiscovery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PositronDiscovery.jpg/300px-PositronDiscovery.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PositronDiscovery.jpg/450px-PositronDiscovery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/PositronDiscovery.jpg/600px-PositronDiscovery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2408" data-file-height="2374" /></a><figcaption>Prva ikad napravljena slika <a href="/wiki/Pozitron" title="Pozitron">pozitrona</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Wilsonova_komora_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/b/b7/Wilsonova_komora_1.jpg/300px-Wilsonova_komora_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/b/b7/Wilsonova_komora_1.jpg/450px-Wilsonova_komora_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/b/b7/Wilsonova_komora_1.jpg/600px-Wilsonova_komora_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="828" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wilsonova_komora" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilsonova komora">Wilsonova komora</a>: 1. <a href="/wiki/Bljeskalica" title="Bljeskalica">bljeskalica</a>, 2. <a href="/wiki/Le%C4%87a_(optika)" title="Leća (optika)">leća</a>, 3. <a href="/wiki/Staklo" title="Staklo">stakleno</a> kućište, 4. <a href="/wiki/Fotoaparat" title="Fotoaparat">fotoaparat</a>, 5. prostor komore, 6. <a href="/wiki/Kondenzacijske_jezgre" title="Kondenzacijske jezgre">kondenzacijska jezgra</a>, 7. pokretna <a href="/wiki/Membrana" class="mw-disambig" title="Membrana">membrana</a>, 8. <a href="/wiki/Klip_stroja" title="Klip stroja">klip</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Geiger_counter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Geiger_counter.jpg/300px-Geiger_counter.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Geiger_counter.jpg/450px-Geiger_counter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Geiger_counter.jpg/600px-Geiger_counter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="1544" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Geigerov_broja%C4%8D" title="Geigerov brojač">Geigerov brojač</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Nonsymmetric_velocity_time_dilation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Nonsymmetric_velocity_time_dilation.gif" decoding="async" width="256" height="256" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vremenska_dilatacija" title="Vremenska dilatacija">Vremenska dilatacija</a>: s obzirom na <a href="/wiki/Referentni_sustav" title="Referentni sustav">referentni sustav</a> (plavi sat), u <a href="/wiki/Teorija_relativnosti" title="Teorija relativnosti">relativno</a> ubrzanom crvenom satu vrijeme će teći sporije.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mezon</b> (prema <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Grčki jezik">grč</a>. <i>μέσος</i>: srednji) je <a href="/wiki/Subatomska_%C4%8Destica" title="Subatomska čestica">subatomska čestica</a> kojoj je <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masa</a> između mase <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrona</a> i <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hadroni" title="Hadroni">hadron</a> cjelobrojnoga <a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">spina</a>, građen od <a href="/wiki/Kvark" title="Kvark">kvarka</a> i <a href="/wiki/Antikvark" class="mw-redirect" title="Antikvark">antikvarka</a>. Svi mezoni su <a href="/wiki/Bozoni" title="Bozoni">bozoni</a> i podvrgavaju se <a href="/wiki/Bose-Einsteinova_statistika" title="Bose-Einsteinova statistika">Bose-Einsteinovoj statistici</a>. Povijesno, prvi otkriveni mezoni bili su <a href="/wiki/Pion" title="Pion">pioni</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kaon" title="Kaon">kaoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skalar_(fizika)" title="Skalar (fizika)">pseudoskalari</a> kojima je spin 0, potom su otkriveni <a href="/wiki/Vektor" title="Vektor">vektorski</a> mezoni ρ, ω, φ, J/ψ kojima je spin 1.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mezoni su <a href="/wiki/Bozon" class="mw-redirect" title="Bozon">bozoni</a> na koje djeluje <a href="/wiki/Jaka_sila" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaka sila">jaka sila</a>, ili drugim riječima <a href="/wiki/Hadron" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadron">hadroni</a> cjelobrojnog <a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">spina</a>. Prema <a href="/wiki/Standardni_model" title="Standardni model">Standardnom modelu</a> mezoni se sastoje od parnog broja <a href="/wiki/Kvark" title="Kvark">kvarkova</a> i antikvarkova, a svi do sada poznati samo od jednog para kvark-antikvark. Postojanje mezona predvidio je <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Hideki Yukawa">H. Yukawa</a> kako bi objasnio <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">silu</a> privlačenja između <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protona</a> i <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrona</a> (danas poznatu kao <a href="/wiki/Rezidualna_jaka_nuklearna_sila" title="Rezidualna jaka nuklearna sila">rezidualna jaka nuklearna sila</a>), za što je 1949. dobio <a href="/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_fiziku" title="Nobelova nagrada za fiziku">Nobelovu nagradu za fiziku</a>. Otkrićem <a href="/wiki/Mion" title="Mion">miona</a> ispočetka se smatralo da je to traženi mezon, dok nije utvrđeno da na njega ne djeluje jaka nuklearna sila, pa se u stvari radi o <a href="/wiki/Lepton" title="Lepton">leptonu</a>. Prvi pravi otkriveni mezon bio je <a href="/wiki/Pion" title="Pion">pion</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Podjela">Podjela</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Podjela" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Podjela"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Do danas je poznato više od 200 mezona i svi su nestabilni, s <a href="/wiki/Vrijeme_poluraspada" title="Vrijeme poluraspada">vremenom poluraspada</a> između 10<sup>–8</sup> <a href="/wiki/Sekunda" title="Sekunda">sekundi</a> i 10<sup>–22</sup> sekundi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pion">Pion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Pion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Pion"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Pion" title="Pion">Pion</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Pion</b> (pi od slova π + [mez]on; oznaka π) je najlakši mezon, izgrađen od kvarkova i antikvarkova gore (u) i dolje (d). Spin mu je 0, a <a href="/wiki/Izospin" title="Izospin">izospin</a> 1. Može biti pozitivnoga (π<sup>+</sup>), negativnoga (π<sup>–</sup>) i bez <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj">električnoga naboja</a> (π<sup>0</sup>). Električki nabijeni pioni i kaoni, otkriveni su 1947. u <a href="/wiki/Kozmi%C4%8Dke_zrake" title="Kozmičke zrake">kozmičkom zračenju</a>, a neutralni pioni 1950. <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">Masa</a> je piona oko 270 puta veća od mase <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrona</a>: masa piona π<sup>+</sup> i π<sup>–</sup> iznosi oko 39,57 M<a href="/wiki/EV" class="mw-redirect" title="EV">eV</a>/c², a π<sup>0</sup> 134,98 MeV/c². Pioni se raspadaju na <a href="/wiki/Mion" title="Mion">mione</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrone</a> i <a href="/wiki/Pozitron" title="Pozitron">pozitrone</a> s pripadajućim <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">neutrinima</a>. Srednje je vrijeme poluraspada piona do 26 · 10<sup>–9</sup> sekundi.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kaon">Kaon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Kaon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kaon"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Kaon" title="Kaon">Kaon</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Kaon</b> (ka od slova K + [mez]on; oznaka K) je mezon izgrađen od jednoga stranoga (s) kvarka ili antikvarka i drugoga antikvarka ili kvarka, koji može biti gore (u) ili dolje (d) tako da mu je kvantni broj stranosti ± 1. Spin mu je 0, a izospin 1/2. Može biti pozitivnoga (K<sup>+</sup>), negativnoga (K<sup>–</sup>) i bez električnoga naboja (K<sup>0</sup>). Masa je kaona oko 970 puta veća od mase elektrona: masa K<sup>+</sup> i K<sup>–</sup> iznosi oko 493,67 MeV/c², a K<sup>0</sup> 497,65 MeV/c². Kaoni se raspadaju na pione i mione s pripadajućim neutrinima. Srednje je vrijeme poluraspada kaona do 50 · 10<sup>–9</sup> sekundi. Kaoni i pioni su otkriveni 1947. u kozmičkom zračenju, a to se drži početkom <a href="/wiki/Fizika_elementarnih_%C4%8Destica" title="Fizika elementarnih čestica">fizike elementarnih čestica</a>. Imaju veliku ulogu u stvaranju <a href="/wiki/Hiperjezgra" title="Hiperjezgra">hiperjezgara</a> i kao produkti raspada u njihovu istraživanju.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="J/ψ_mezon"><span id="J.2F.CF.88_mezon"></span>J/ψ mezon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: J/ψ mezon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka J/ψ mezon"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/J/%CF%88_mezon" title="J/ψ mezon">J/ψ mezon</a></div></i></div> <p><b>J/ψ-mezon</b> (oznaka J/ψ) je mezon koji se sastoji od čarobnoga kvarka (c) i antikvarka (c), nema električnoga naboja, sam je sebi <a href="/wiki/Anti%C4%8Destica" class="mw-redirect" title="Antičestica">antičestica</a>, mase je oko 3,097 GeV/c², spina 1, izospina 0 i vremena poluraspada oko 7,2 · 10<sup>–21</sup> sekundi. Otkrili su ga neovisno jedan o drugome <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chao_Chung_Ting" title="Samuel Chao Chung Ting">S. C. C. Ting</a> i <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">B. Richter</a> 1974. i tako potvrdili ideju da su kvarkovi sastavni dijelovi <a href="/wiki/Barion" title="Barion">bariona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mezoni,_prodorna_komponenta_kozmičkih_zraka"><span id="Mezoni.2C_prodorna_komponenta_kozmi.C4.8Dkih_zraka"></span>Mezoni, prodorna komponenta kozmičkih zraka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Mezoni, prodorna komponenta kozmičkih zraka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mezoni, prodorna komponenta kozmičkih zraka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Kozmi%C4%8Dke_zrake" title="Kozmičke zrake">Kozmičke zrake</a></div></i></div> <p>Važne rezultate dalo je ispitivanje <a href="/wiki/Apsorpcija_(razdvojba)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Apsorpcija (razdvojba)">apsorpcije</a> kozmičkih zraka u <a href="/wiki/Olovo_(element)" title="Olovo (element)">olovu</a> i u drugim gustim tvarima. Apsorpcija se može vrlo zgodno mjeriti tako da se olovna ploča postavi između dva <a href="/wiki/Geiger-M%C3%BCllerovo_brojilo" class="mw-redirect" title="Geiger-Müllerovo brojilo">Geiger-Müllerova brojila</a>, koji daju znak samo onda kad je <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cestica" class="mw-redirect" title="Čestica">čestica</a> prošla kroz jedan i drugi brojač. Ako čestica prođe kroz gornji brojač, a biva u olovu zaustavljena, tad se ne opaža ništa. Brojači se oglase samo u slučaju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koincidencija&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Koincidencija (stranica ne postoji)">koincidencije</a> (podudarnost događaja), to jest kad su oba pobuđena istovremeno, bolje rečeno, u vrlo kratkom razmaku. <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Rossi" title="Bruno Rossi">B. Rossi</a> je 1933. vrlo pomno ispitivao kako broj koincidencija zavisi od debljine ploče olova. On je našao da 30% kozmičkih zraka olovo apsorbira najprije na putu od 100 mm, kako to odgovara poznatoj apsorpciji elektrona. Preostali dio prolazi dalje kroz olovo i biva vrlo slabo apsorbiran. </p><p>Ovi rezultati pokusa podudarali su se s mjerenjima kozmičkih zraka ispod morske površine. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_Regener&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Erich Regener (stranica ne postoji)">E. Regener</a> 1930., a godinu dana kasnije <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">R. A. Milikan</a> i Cameron, ustanovili su djelovanje kozmičkih zraka u velikim dubinama. Najveća dubina u kojoj su do danas mjerene kozmičke zrake iznosi 1 400 m, no nema sumnje da kozmičke zrake prodiru i u veće dubine. Ova izvanredna prodornost protivi se svim poznatim činjenicama o apsorpciji elektrona. Na osnovu tih pokusa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Victor_Auger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Victor Auger (stranica ne postoji)">P. V. Auger</a> je prvi zaključio da kozmičke zrake sadrže jednu prodornu komponentu. Kad kozmičke zrake iz zraka padnu na olovo ili vodu, tad se jedan dio normalno apsorbira. To je meka komponenta, koja se sastoji od elektrona, pozitrona i kvanata svjetlosti (<a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">fotona</a>). Druga komponenta biva apsorbirana u početku sasvim neznatno i prodire duboko u vodu. Po tome je i ta komponenta kozmičkih zraka dobila ime prodorna ili tvrda. </p><p>Od čega se sastoji prodorna komponenta kozmičkih zraka? Pretpostavimo li, da tu imamo neke čestice, to bi one morale imati znatno veću masu od elektrona. Vidjeli smo da vrlo brze, <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj">električno nabijene</a> čestice najviše gube energije <a href="/wiki/Zra%C4%8Denje" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Zračenje">zračenjem</a>. No taj gubitak je veći, ako je čestica lakša. Sasvim općenito izlazi iz <a href="/wiki/Elektrodinamika" title="Elektrodinamika">elektrodinamike</a> da je zračenje ili <a href="/wiki/Emisija" class="mw-disambig" title="Emisija">emitirana</a> <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energija</a> u jedinici vremena sukladna (proporcionalna) kvadratu usporenja. No s druge strane, usporenje ili <a href="/wiki/Akceleracija" class="mw-redirect" title="Akceleracija">akceleracija</a> je po <a href="/wiki/Newtonovi_zakoni_gibanja" title="Newtonovi zakoni gibanja">Newtonovu zakonu gibanja</a>, ako su sile jednake, obrnuto sukladna (proporcionalna) masi čestice. Na čestice koje imaju jednaki naboj djeluju <a href="/wiki/Atomska_jezgra" title="Atomska jezgra">atomske jezgre</a> jednakim <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">silama</a>. Odatle vidimo da je gubitak energije zbog kočenja na atomskim jezgrama sukladna 1/<i>m<sup>2</sup></i>. Prema tome bi <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protoni</a>, koji su oko 2 000 puta teži od elektrona, 4 milijuna puta manje gubili energije, nego elektroni. No sigurno je da se prodorna komponenta ne sastoji od protona. </p><p>Teškoće su razriješene pomnim ispitivanjem čestica kozmičkih zraka u <a href="/wiki/Wilsonova_komora" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilsonova komora">Wilsonovoj komori</a>. Između 1936. i 1938. u više pokusa se opazilo tragove čestica, koje se nisu slagali s poznatim maglenim tragovima elektrona i protona. Godine 1938. konačno su <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">C. D. Anderson</a> i Neddermeyer dokazali da se tu javila nova <a href="/wiki/Elementarna_%C4%8Destica" title="Elementarna čestica">elementarna čestica</a>. Nova čestica prolazi nesmetano kroz debeli sloj olova. To znači da ima znatno veću masu od elektrona. U načelu se masa nove čestice može mjeriti pomoću svijanja u <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dno_polje" title="Električno polje">električnom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Magnetsko_polje" title="Magnetsko polje">magnetskom polju</a>, ali praktički su takva mjerenja na teškim česticama dosta teška. Leprince-Ringuet izmjerio je masu mezona promatrajući <a href="/wiki/Sraz" title="Sraz">sraz</a> s elektronom. Brzi mezon udari o <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a> koji poleti naprijed. Staza udarenog elektrona svinuta je jakim <a href="/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet">magnetom</a>. Na taj način može se izmjeriti <a href="/wiki/Impuls_sile" title="Impuls sile">impuls sile</a> i energija elektrona, a <a href="/wiki/Kut" title="Kut">kut</a> između staze elektrona i mezona vidi se neposredno. Na osnovu <a href="/wiki/Zakon_o%C4%8Duvanja_energije" title="Zakon očuvanja energije">zakona o očuvanju impulsa i energije</a> može se izračunati omjer između mase mezona i elektrona. Druga vrlo zgodna metoda za određenje mase mezona sastoji se u tome, da se odredi impuls mezona prije i poslije prolaza kroz metalni sloj. Sve te metode u granicama točnosti daju istu masu, tako da ne može biti sumnje o novoj elementarnoj čestici. Nova čestica je oko 200 puta teža od elektrona, a 10 puta lakša od protona, dakle stoji između obiju čestica i po tome je dobila ime mezon. <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj">Električni naboj</a> mezona može biti pozitivan ili negativan. Zbog svoje dvjesta puta veće mase mezon mnogo manje zrači, kad prolazi kroz materiju, i zato je mnogo prodorniji od elektrona. Pojava prodorne komponente kozmičkih zraka objašnjena je postojanjem mezona. Većina čestica u kozmičkih zrakama na morskoj površini su mezoni. Od toga su 6/10 pozitivni mezoni, a 4/10 negativni. </p><p>Otkrićem nove elementarne čestice nastalo je odmah pitanje, da li su mezoni primarne čestice kozmičkih zraka ili tek nastaju prolazom kozmičkih zraka kroz <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera">atmosferu</a>. Budući da mezoni nisu opaženi na <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlji</a>, prva bi pomisao bila, da dolaze do nas iz <a href="/wiki/Svemir" title="Svemir">svemira</a>. Međutim, tome nije tako. Pokusno ispitivanje prodorne komponente na različitim visinama atmosfere iznijelo je rezultat, da mezoni na putu prema Zemlji upravo zagonetno iščezavaju. Ta abnormalna apsorpcija opaža se u atmosferi, a nešto i u vodi, ali ne pri prolazu kroz metalne ploče. Kroz debele olovne ploče mezoni prolaze po poznatim zakonima apsorpcije za nabijene čestice. Kako mogu mezoni iščeznuti u rijetkoj atmosferi? </p><p>Zagonetno iščezavanje mezona na dugim putovima u atmosferi može se objasniti samo hipotezom o nestabilnosti mezona. Mezon se spontano, u praznom prostoru, raspada na elektron ili <a href="/wiki/Pozitron" title="Pozitron">pozitron</a>, već prema tome da li ima pozitivan ili negativan električni naboj. Raspad mezona na elektron prvi je u Wilsonov komori snimio Williams. Može se, iako vrlo rijetko dogoditi da mezon "umre" upravo u Wilsonovoj komori. Tad se vidi kako staza mezona završava, a od njenog kraja iskrsava staza elektrona. Taj elektron je emitiran pri spontanom raspadu mezona. </p><p>Očito je prema zakonu o sačuvanju impulsa i energije da se mezon u praznom prostoru ne može raspasti na sam elektron. Elektron uzima sav naboj mezona, ali ne može istovremeno uzeti svu energiju i impuls 200 puta teže čestice. Prema tome moramo pretpostaviti da mezon pri svojem raspadu pored elektrona emitira i jednu ili više električno neutralnih čestica. Pretpostavimo da se raspada na elektron i jednu neutralnu česticu. Mezon nema znatnog impulsa, pa elektron i neutralna čestica bivaju emitirani u suprotnim smjerovima s jednako velikim impulsima. Približno je energija elektrona jednaka <i>c∙p</i>. Energija neutralne čestice, kojoj ne znamo masu, dana je njenim impulsom sile <i>p</i> i masom <i>m</i>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E={\sqrt {(m\cdot c^{2})^{2}+c^{2}\cdot p^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>&#x22C5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&#x22C5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <msup> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E={\sqrt {(m\cdot c^{2})^{2}+c^{2}\cdot p^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b6023edd3ca93407eab6d20f63f376963e6ee59e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.671ex; width:24.646ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E={\sqrt {(m\cdot c^{2})^{2}+c^{2}\cdot p^{2}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Impuls neutralne čestice jednak je impulsu elektrona, dakle <i>c∙p</i> mora biti jednako energiji elektrona <i>E<sub>e</sub></i>. Mezonskoj masi mirovanja pripada energija oko 100 MeV. Ako je elektron od toga uzeo <i>E<sub>e</sub></i>, tad na neutralnu česticu otpada energija 100 MeV - <i>E<sub>e</sub></i>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 100\,{\mbox{MeV}}-E_{e}={\sqrt {(m\cdot c^{2})^{2}+E_{e}^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>100</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>MeV</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>&#x22C5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 100\,{\mbox{MeV}}-E_{e}={\sqrt {(m\cdot c^{2})^{2}+E_{e}^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fbfac96f63afc1bf4bbe273bc817d223d72bf907" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.671ex; width:34.09ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 100\,{\mbox{MeV}}-E_{e}={\sqrt {(m\cdot c^{2})^{2}+E_{e}^{2}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Međutim, <a href="/wiki/Pokus" title="Pokus">pokusi</a> pokazuju da pri raspadu mezona ne biva emitiran elektron s određenom energijom, što bi odgovaralo određenoj masi neutralne čestice. Energetski <a href="/wiki/Spektar_(fizika)" title="Spektar (fizika)">spektar</a> elektrona je kontinuiran, pa prema tome treba pretpostaviti da se mezon raspada na elektron i dvije neutralne čestice. </p><p>Raspad mezona događa se sam od sebe, bez prisutnosti drugih čestica. Izumiranje mezona vrši se, poput <a href="/wiki/Radioaktivnost" title="Radioaktivnost">radioaktivnih</a> raspadanja, po statističkom zakonu. Neki mezoni traju duže, neki kraće. Kao radioaktivne jezgre, tako i mezoni imaju određeno srednje trajanje. Ono se može izračunati iz anomalne apsorpcije tako da mjerimo jakost (intenzitet) kozmičkih zraka koje padaju okomito i koso na površinu Zemlje. Kozmičke zrake, koje padaju koso, moraju proći dulji put kroz atmosferu. To se može kompenzirati tako da se pred okomiti smjer postavi odgovarajući sloj olova. Obje zrake prolaze tad kroz jednaku količinu materije i morale bi imati istu jakost. No zbog raspada mezona uistinu je manje jaka kozmička zraka, koja dolazi koso i prolazi dulji put. Iz te anomalne apsorpcije zaključili su Euler i <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">W. Heisenberg</a>, da srednje trajanje mezona mora biti oko 6∙10<sup>-5</sup> s. </p><p>Srednje trajanje mezona može se odrediti i iz temperaturnog učinka kozmičkih zraka. Zbog svojeg spontanog raspada mezoni ne mogu biti primarne čestice kozmičkih zraka. Oni moraju nastati u uzajamnom djelovanju kozmičkih zraka s atomskim jezgrama. Pokusima je dobro utvrđeno da glavni dio mezona nastaje u visini atmosfere oko 16 000 <a href="/wiki/Metar" title="Metar">metara</a>. Kad se <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> atmosfere povećava, tad se diže više i onaj sloj zraka u kojem se rađaju mezoni. U mnogo slučajeva povišenje temperature neće biti praćeno promjenom tlaka, pa mezoni prođu do Zemlje kroz jednaku količinu atmosfere. Pod tim uvjetima pokusa jakost kozmičkih zraka pada kad temperatura raste. To je jasno jer mezoni moraju proći dulje putove, pa se brojnije raspadaju. Iz tog temperaturnog učinka dobiva se za mezon isto srednje trajanje. </p><p>Srednje trajanje mezona slučajno je baš toliko da mezoni, koji pretežno nastaju na visini oko 16 000 m, upravo stignu do Zemlje ili se skoro pred njom raspadnu. Elektroni, koji prouzrokuju kaskade na morskoj površini, velikim su dijelom proizvodi raspadanja mezona. Mezoni se praktično kreću s <a href="/wiki/Brzina_svjetlosti" title="Brzina svjetlosti">brzinom svjetlosti</a>. Njihovo srednje trajanje, pomnoženo s njihovom brzinom, mora dati njihov put od 16 000 m: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t\cdot 3\cdot 10^{10}=16\cdot 10^{5}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&#x22C5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>&#x22C5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>16</mn> <mo>&#x22C5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t\cdot 3\cdot 10^{10}=16\cdot 10^{5}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cd1d911ee9ac653102bcbfa89929eb82e41d35a7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:20.043ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t\cdot 3\cdot 10^{10}=16\cdot 10^{5}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Odatle izlazi da je srednje trajanje mezona jednako: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t=5\cdot 10^{-5}\,{\mbox{s}}=0,000\,05\,{\mbox{s}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>&#x22C5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>s</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>000</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>05</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>s</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t=5\cdot 10^{-5}\,{\mbox{s}}=0,000\,05\,{\mbox{s}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7bdcccfeac3906136655a0accd1729a6885d182f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:25.538ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t=5\cdot 10^{-5}\,{\mbox{s}}=0,000\,05\,{\mbox{s}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Srednje trajanje mezona može se odrediti i direktnim metodama. Nezavisno je Rasettiju i Mazeu, te Chaminadeu i Freonu pošlo za rukom razlučiti vremenske momente, kad mezon stigne u blok olova, gdje biva zaustavljen i kad se tamo u bloku raspadne na elektron. Tri atomska <a href="/wiki/Brojilo" title="Brojilo">brojila</a> iznad bloka olova čine <a href="/wiki/Teleskop" title="Teleskop">teleskop</a>. Između njih postavljene su ploče olova tako da kroz tri brojača može proći samo mezon, ali ne i elektron. Mezon, koji prođe kroz teleskop, padne u blok olova i biva tu zaustavljen. Blok olova opkoljen je brojilima, koji registriraju kad elektron prođe kroz koji od njih. Ovaj pokusni uređaj pokazuje savršenu primjenu metode koincidencije. Teleskop reagira samo onda ako mezon prođe kroz sva 3 brojača. Prsten brojača oko bloka olova samo tad reagira na elektron ako je neposredno prije toga bio pobuđen teleskop. Savršenom pokusnom tehnikom uspjelo je odrediti vremenski raspon između prolaza mezona kroz teleskop i prolaza elektrona kroz prsten brojača. Rezultati ovih teških mjerenja vrlo se dobro slažu. Mezoni, zaustavljeni u olovu, raspadaju se po statističkom zakonu. Označimo s <i>N<sub>0</sub></i> broj mezona, koji su stigli u blok olova, a s <i>t</i> vrijeme, računano od njihova ulaska u blok. Taj broj mezona, koji se raspadnu poslije vremena <i>t</i>, iznosi: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle N=N_{0}\cdot e^{-\,{\frac {t}{t_{0}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>N</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&#x22C5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>t</mi> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle N=N_{0}\cdot e^{-\,{\frac {t}{t_{0}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/062f7fe48bb7d4448f9fc39803eba675437cb881" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.862ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle N=N_{0}\cdot e^{-\,{\frac {t}{t_{0}}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Srednje vrijeme trajanja mezona je: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t_{0}=2\cdot 10^{-6}\,{\mbox{s}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>&#x22C5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>s</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t_{0}=2\cdot 10^{-6}\,{\mbox{s}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ed876bc549c09bdb708216c53e8fe8e5286f346b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.795ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t_{0}=2\cdot 10^{-6}\,{\mbox{s}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Ovo vrijeme, naoko, ne slaže se sa srednjim trajanjem mezona, dobivenim iz anomalne apsorpcije ili temperaturnoh učinka. Međutim, treba pomisliti da smo indirektnim metodama mjerili srednje trajanje mezona u gibanju, dok direktnom metodom mjerimo srednje trajanje zaustavljenog mezona. Po teoriji relativnosti vrijeme sustava u gibanju se produljuje. Trajanje brzog mezona povećava se za relativistički faktor od trajanja mezona u mirovanju: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t={\frac {t_{0}}{\sqrt {1-{\frac {v^{2}}{c^{2}}}}}}=t_{0}\cdot {\frac {E}{m\cdot c^{2}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msqrt> <mn>1</mn> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </msqrt> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&#x22C5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>E</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>&#x22C5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t={\frac {t_{0}}{\sqrt {1-{\frac {v^{2}}{c^{2}}}}}}=t_{0}\cdot {\frac {E}{m\cdot c^{2}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/441c02752800c6f562fb031e6eeb93cb911d2464" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.671ex; width:26.854ex; height:8.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t={\frac {t_{0}}{\sqrt {1-{\frac {v^{2}}{c^{2}}}}}}=t_{0}\cdot {\frac {E}{m\cdot c^{2}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje je: <i>E</i> - <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energija</a> mezona u <a href="/wiki/Gibanje" title="Gibanje">gibanju</a>, a ona je jednaka: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E={\frac {m\cdot c^{2}}{\sqrt {1-{\frac {v^{2}}{c^{2}}}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>&#x22C5;<!-- ⋅ --></mo> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <msqrt> <mn>1</mn> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </msqrt> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E={\frac {m\cdot c^{2}}{\sqrt {1-{\frac {v^{2}}{c^{2}}}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9769051ed841b8ffdc0028ea5ad782dd8a530b73" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.671ex; width:14.502ex; height:8.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E={\frac {m\cdot c^{2}}{\sqrt {1-{\frac {v^{2}}{c^{2}}}}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje je: <i>m∙c<sup>2</sup></i> energija jednaka (ekvivalentna) masi mirovanja mezona. Mezoni imaju prosječno energiju od 3 000 M<a href="/wiki/EV" class="mw-redirect" title="EV">eV</a>. Njihovoj masi mirovanja, koja je 200 puta veća od mase elektrona, pripada energija od 100 MeV. Za relativističko produljenje trajanja mezona dobivamo faktor 30, što daje izvrsno slaganje između obiju metoda. Na spontanom raspadu mezona prvi put je direktno provjeren <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einsteinov</a> zaključak o <a href="/wiki/Vremenska_dilatacija" title="Vremenska dilatacija">dilataciji vremena</a>. </p><p>Po <a href="/wiki/Teorija_relativnosti" title="Teorija relativnosti">načelu relativnosti</a> mogli smo raspad mezona promatrati i s obratnog stajališta, to jest sa sistema, u kojem mezon miruje. Tad se prema mezonu kreće Zemlja s golemom brzinom. Mirnom mezonu "čini se" atmosfera Zemlje skraćena za isti faktor, i on može "dočekati" dok atmosfera prođe preko njega i Zemlja udari o njega. U sustavu, koji miruje s mezonom, pojavljuje se sloj atmosfere od 16 km svega 600 m debeo. </p><p>Otkriće mezona i njegovog spontanog raspada bacilo je svjetlost na mnoge zagonetne činjenice o kozmičkim zrakama. Vidjeli smo da se elektroni i kaskade, koje oni prouzrokuju, često opažaju i iza debelih slojeva materije, osobito u velikim morskim dubinama. Jasno je da ti elektroni nisu mogli proći kroz tako debele slojeve. Kroz materiju su prošli mnogo prodorniji mezoni i oni su ili udarom ubrzali neki elektron ili su se raspali na elektron. Takav elektron velike energije može dalje proizvoditi kaskade. </p><p>Danas već poznajemo dosta dobro sastav kozmičkih zraka u raznim visinama atmosfere. Energije elektrona meke komponente poznate su u najvećim visinama atmosfere i sigurno je da te energije nisu dovoljne da elektroni dopru do Zemlje. Elektroni koji se opažaju na morskoj razini pretežno su sekundarni proizvod prodorne komponente. </p><p>Na osnovu dosadašnjeg ispitivanja dobivamo ovu zbirnu sliku o kozmičkim zrakama. Primarno zračenje u svemirskom prostoru sastoji se pretežno po svoj prilici od <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protona</a> s prosječnom energijom oko 6 000 MeV. Ovo zračenje proizvodi u gornjem sloju atmosfere snažne reakcije atomskih jezgara. Odatle potječu neutroni, protoni i mezoni. Ove čestice dalje uzrokuju pojavu meke komponente kozmičkih zraka (elektroni, pozitroni, kvanti svjetlosti). Sekundarni protoni ne stižu do morske površine, jer je njihov doseg znatno kraći od dosega mezona. Brzi neutroni prolaze kroz čitavu atmosfere, izazivaju <a href="/wiki/Nuklearna_reakcija" title="Nuklearna reakcija">nuklearne reakcije</a> i time nove spore neutrone i protone. Neutroni, po svoj prilici, uzrokuju "zvijezde". Mezoni iz visine 16 km jure prema Zemlji i na kraju tog puta počinju se masovno raspadati na elektrone. Oni izazivlju meku komponentu u dubljim slojevima. Meka komponenta djeluje najznačajnije svojim kaskadnim procesima. To je zbirna slika o vrlo složenim pojavama što ih izazivlju kozmičke zrake.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>mezon</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=40519">[1]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>pion</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=69357">[2]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>kaon</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=30270">[3]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>J/ψ-mezon</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=70472">[4]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Supek" title="Ivan Supek">Ivan Supek</a>: "Nova fizika", Školska knjiga Zagreb, 1966.</span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:%C4%8Cestice_u_fizici" title="Predložak:Čestice u fizici"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a>&#160;&#8226; <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:%C4%8Cestice_u_fizici&amp;action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;">Čestice u <a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">fizici</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Elementarna_%C4%8Destica" title="Elementarna čestica">Elementarne<br />čestice</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-podgrupa" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">Fermioni</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-podgrupa" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Kvark" title="Kvark">Kvarkovi</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gornji_kvark" title="Gornji kvark">u</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Donji_kvark" title="Donji kvark">d</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Carobni_kvark" title="Čarobni kvark">c</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Strani_kvark" title="Strani kvark">s</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vr%C5%A1ni_kvark" title="Vršni kvark">t</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dubinski_kvark" title="Dubinski kvark">b</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Lepton" title="Lepton">Leptoni</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">e<sup>-</sup></a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pozitron" title="Pozitron">e<sup>+</sup></a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mion" title="Mion">μ<sup>-</sup>&#160;<b>·</b> μ<sup>+</sup></a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tauon" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauon">τ<sup>-</sup>&#160;<b>·</b> τ<sup>+</sup></a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Elektronski_neutrino" title="Elektronski neutrino">&#957;<sub>e</sub>&#160;<b>·</b> <span style="text-decoration:overline;">&#957;</span><sub>e</sub></a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mionski_neutrino" title="Mionski neutrino">μ<sub>e</sub>&#160;<b>·</b> <span style="text-decoration:overline;">μ</span><sub>e</sub></a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tau_neutrino" title="Tau neutrino">τ<sub>e</sub>&#160;<b>·</b> <span style="text-decoration:overline;">τ</span><sub>e</sub></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Bozon" class="mw-redirect" title="Bozon">Bozoni</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-podgrupa" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%BEdarni_bozoni" title="Baždarni bozoni">Baždarni</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">γ</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">g</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/W_i_Z_bozoni" title="W i Z bozoni">W<sup>±</sup>&#160;<b>·</b> Z</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Ostale</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faddeev%E2%80%93Popov_duh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Faddeev–Popov duh (stranica ne postoji)">duhovi</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hipotetske_%C4%8Destice&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hipotetske čestice (stranica ne postoji)">Hipotetske</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-podgrupa" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Superpartner" title="Superpartner">Superpartneri</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-podgrupa" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Gaugino" title="Gaugino">Gaugino</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gluino" title="Gluino">gluino</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gravitino&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gravitino (stranica ne postoji)">gravitino</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Ostali</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aksino&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aksino (stranica ne postoji)">aksino</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bozino&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bozino (stranica ne postoji)">bozino</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chargino&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chargino (stranica ne postoji)">chargino</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Higgsino&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Higgsino (stranica ne postoji)">higgsino</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neutralino" title="Neutralino">neutralino</a> &#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sfermion&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sfermion (stranica ne postoji)">sfermion</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-podgrupa" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Ostale</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aksion&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aksion (stranica ne postoji)">A<sup>0</sup></a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dilaton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dilaton (stranica ne postoji)">dilaton</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Graviton" title="Graviton">G</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Higgsov_bozon" title="Higgsov bozon">Higgsov bozon</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majoron&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Majoron (stranica ne postoji)">majoron</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tahion" title="Tahion">tahion</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=X_i_Y_bozoni&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="X i Y bozoni (stranica ne postoji)">X&#160;<b>·</b> Y</a> &#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/W_i_Z_bozoni" title="W i Z bozoni">W'&#160;<b>·</b> Z'</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sterilni_neutrino&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sterilni neutrino (stranica ne postoji)">sterilni neutrino</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vezano_stanje&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vezano stanje (stranica ne postoji)">Složene</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-podgrupa" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Hadron" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadron">Hadroni</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-podgrupa" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Barion" title="Barion">Barioni</a>&#160;/ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiperion_(%C4%8Destica)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiperion (čestica) (stranica ne postoji)">Hiperioni</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nukleon" title="Nukleon">N</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">n</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">p</a>)&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Delta_barion" title="Delta barion">Δ</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lambda_barion" title="Lambda barion">Λ</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sigma_barion" title="Sigma barion">Σ</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Xi_barion" class="mw-redirect" title="Xi barion">Ξ</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Omega_barion" title="Omega barion">Ω</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mezoni</a>&#160;/ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvarkonij&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvarkonij (stranica ne postoji)">Kvarkoniji</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pion" title="Pion">π</a> &#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro_mezon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro mezon (stranica ne postoji)">ρ</a> &#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eta_mezon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eta mezon (stranica ne postoji)">η&#160;<b>·</b> η′</a> &#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fi_mezon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fi mezon (stranica ne postoji)">φ</a> &#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Omega_mezon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Omega mezon (stranica ne postoji)">ω</a> &#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/J/%CF%88_mezon" title="J/ψ mezon">J/ψ</a> &#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipsilon_mezon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ipsilon mezon (stranica ne postoji)">ϒ</a> &#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theta_mezon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Theta mezon (stranica ne postoji)">θ</a> &#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kaon" title="Kaon">K</a> &#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=B_mezon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="B mezon (stranica ne postoji)">B</a> &#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/D_mezon" title="D mezon">D</a> &#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=T_mezon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="T mezon (stranica ne postoji)">T</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Druge</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Atomska_jezgra" title="Atomska jezgra">atomske jezgre</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomi</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzoti%C4%8Dni_atomi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Egzotični atomi (stranica ne postoji)">egzotični atomi</a>&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Pozitronij" title="Pozitronij">pozitronij</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mionij&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mionij (stranica ne postoji)">mionij</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Onij&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Onij (stranica ne postoji)">onij</a>)&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekule</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hipotetske_slo%C5%BEene_molekule&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hipotetske složene molekule (stranica ne postoji)">Hipotetske</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-podgrupa" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzoti%C4%8Dni_hadron&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Egzotični hadron (stranica ne postoji)">Egzotični hadroni</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks navbox-podgrupa" style="width:100%;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzoti%C4%8Dni_barion&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Egzotični barion (stranica ne postoji)">Egzotični barioni</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibarion&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dibarion (stranica ne postoji)">dibarion</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentakvark&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentakvark (stranica ne postoji)">pentakvark</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzoti%C4%8Dni_mezon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Egzotični mezon (stranica ne postoji)">Egzotični mezoni</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glueball&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Glueball (stranica ne postoji)">glueball</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrakvark&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrakvark (stranica ne postoji)">tetrakvark</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Ostale</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezonska_molekula&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mezonska molekula (stranica ne postoji)">mezonska molekula</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomeron&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomeron (stranica ne postoji)">pomeron</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvazi%C4%8Destice&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvazičestice (stranica ne postoji)">Kvazičestice</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Davydov_soliton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Davydov soliton (stranica ne postoji)">Davydov soliton</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksciton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eksciton (stranica ne postoji)">eksciton</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnon (stranica ne postoji)">magnon</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fonon" title="Fonon">fonon</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plazmaron&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Plazmaron (stranica ne postoji)">plazmaron</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plazmon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Plazmon (stranica ne postoji)">plazmon</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polariton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Polariton (stranica ne postoji)">polariton</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polaron&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Polaron (stranica ne postoji)">polaron</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roton (stranica ne postoji)">roton</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">Popisi</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_%C4%8Destica&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis čestica (stranica ne postoji)">popis čestica</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_kvazi%C4%8Destica&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis kvazičestica (stranica ne postoji)">popis kvazičestica</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_bariona&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis bariona (stranica ne postoji)">popis bariona</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_mezona&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis mezona (stranica ne postoji)">popis mezona</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kronologija_otkri%C4%87a_%C4%8Destica&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kronologija otkrića čestica (stranica ne postoji)">kronologija otkrića čestica</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Books" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Books">Wikipedia books</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Hadronska tvar - <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Hadronic_Matter" class="extiw" title="en:Book:Hadronic Matter">en:Book:Hadronic Matter</a>&#160;<b>·</b> Čestice standardnog modela - <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Particles_of_the_Standard_Model" class="extiw" title="en:Book:Particles of the Standard Model">en:Book:Particles of the Standard Model</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> 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