CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="hr" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ioniziranje – Wikipedija</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )hrwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy hr","wgMonthNames":["","siječanj","veljača","ožujak","travanj","svibanj","lipanj","srpanj","kolovoz","rujan","listopad","studeni","prosinac"],"wgRequestId":"856918ab-52b2-40d6-8080-25c7a84b5189","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ioniziranje","wgTitle":"Ioniziranje","wgCurRevisionId":6961895,"wgRevisionId":6961895,"wgArticleId":46790,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Kemija"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"hr","wgPageContentLanguage":"hr","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ioniziranje","wgRelevantArticleId":46790,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Ionizacija","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0, "wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"hr","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"hr"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Ioniziranje","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q190382","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.5"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles": "ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.Web2Cit","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface", "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=hr&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=hr&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=hr&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ionization_chamber.svg/1200px-Ionization_chamber.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ionization_chamber.svg/800px-Ionization_chamber.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ionization_chamber.svg/640px-Ionization_chamber.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ioniziranje – Wikipedija"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//hr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioniziranje"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Uredi" href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedija (hr)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//hr.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioniziranje"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedija Atom izvor" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Nedavne_promjene&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ioniziranje rootpage-Ioniziranje skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Prijeđi na sadržaj</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Glavni izbornik" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Glavni izbornik</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Glavni izbornik</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orijentacija </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Glavna_stranica" title="Posjeti glavnu stranicu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Glavna stranica</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Sadr%C5%BEaj"><span>Sadržaj</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Slu%C4%8Dajna_stranica" title="Učitavanje slučajne stranice [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Slučajna stranica</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Nedavne_promjene" title="Popis nedavnih promjena u wikiju [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Nedavne promjene</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Kafi%C4%87" title="O projektu, što možete učiniti, gdje se što nalazi"><span>Kafić</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:Sadr%C5%BEaj" title="Mjesto gdje se može dobiti pomoć"><span>Pomoć</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Glavna_stranica" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-hr.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Slobodna enciklopedija" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-hr.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Pretraži Wikipediju [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Traži</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Pretraži projekt Wikipedija" aria-label="Pretraži projekt Wikipedija" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Pretraži Wikipediju [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Posebno:Traži"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Traži</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Osobni alati"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Izgled" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Izgled</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hr.wikipedia.org&uselang=hr" class=""><span>Donacije</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Stvori_ra%C4%8Dun&returnto=Ioniziranje" title="Predlažemo Vam da stvorite račun i prijavite se, iako to nije obavezno" class=""><span>Stvori račun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&returnto=Ioniziranje" title="Predlažemo Vam da se prijavite, iako to nije obavezno [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prijavi se</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Više mogućnosti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Osobni alati" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Osobni alati</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Suradnički izbornik" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hr.wikipedia.org&uselang=hr"><span>Donacije</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Stvori_ra%C4%8Dun&returnto=Ioniziranje" title="Predlažemo Vam da stvorite račun i prijavite se, iako to nije obavezno"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Stvori račun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&returnto=Ioniziranje" title="Predlažemo Vam da se prijavite, iako to nije obavezno [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Prijavi se</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stranice za neprijavljene suradnike <a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%87:Uvod" aria-label="Vidi više o uređivanju"><span>saznajte više</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Moji_doprinosi" title="Popis uređivanja učinjenih s ove IP adrese [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Doprinosi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Moj_razgovor" title="Rasprava o uređivanjima s ove IP adrese [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Esakrij\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"hr\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Ctable class=\"plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system\" style=\"clear: both; margin: 0.2em 0; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #f9f9f9; width: 100%; background: #f9f9f9; border:1px solid #E3B100;\"\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\t\n\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-image\"\u003E\n \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Marko_Maruli%C4%87\" title=\"Marko Marulić\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikipedia_Puzzleball_Maruli%C4%87_500.png/40px-Wikipedia_Puzzleball_Maruli%C4%87_500.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikipedia_Puzzleball_Maruli%C4%87_500.png/60px-Wikipedia_Puzzleball_Maruli%C4%87_500.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Wikipedia_Puzzleball_Maruli%C4%87_500.png/80px-Wikipedia_Puzzleball_Maruli%C4%87_500.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"640\" data-file-height=\"640\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\" style=\"\"\u003E \u003Cb\u003EGodina \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Marko_Maruli%C4%87\" title=\"Marko Marulić\"\u003EMarka Marulića\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E – 500 godina od smrti oca hrvatske književnosti. \u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\n\u003Ctable class=\"plainlinks fmbox fmbox-system\" style=\"clear: both; margin: 0.2em 0; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #f9f9f9; width: 100%; background: #f9f9f9; border:1px solid #eaa;\"\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\t\n\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-image\"\u003E\n \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Kriteriji_zna%C4%8Dajnosti_po_temama\" title=\"Wikipedija:Kriteriji značajnosti po temama\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Help-content.svg/22px-Help-content.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Help-content.svg/33px-Help-content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Help-content.svg/44px-Help-content.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"48\" data-file-height=\"48\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\" style=\"\"\u003E \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Kriteriji_zna%C4%8Dajnosti_po_temama\" title=\"Wikipedija:Kriteriji značajnosti po temama\"\u003ERaspravite \u003Cb\u003Erazradu po temama kriterija\u003C/b\u003E o značajnosti!\u003C/a\u003E \u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Energija_ionizacije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energija_ionizacije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Energija ionizacije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energija_ionizacije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uzroci_ionizacije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uzroci_ionizacije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Uzroci ionizacije</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uzroci_ionizacije-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Uzroci ionizacije</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uzroci_ionizacije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ionizacija_zraka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ionizacija_zraka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ionizacija zraka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ionizacija_zraka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mjerni_instrumenti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mjerni_instrumenti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mjerni instrumenti</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mjerni_instrumenti-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Mjerni instrumenti</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mjerni_instrumenti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ionizacijska_komora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ionizacijska_komora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ionizacijska komora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ionizacijska_komora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geiger-Müllerovo_brojilo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geiger-Müllerovo_brojilo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Geiger-Müllerovo brojilo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geiger-Müllerovo_brojilo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wilsonova_komora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wilsonova_komora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Wilsonova komora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wilsonova_komora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zdravlje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zdravlje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zdravlje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zdravlje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ioniziranje</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 71 jeziku" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 jezik</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionisasie" title="Ionisasie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ionisasie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تأين – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تأين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizaci%C3%B3n" title="Ionización – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ionización" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0onla%C5%9Fma" title="İonlaşma – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İonlaşma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyonisasyon" title="Iyonisasyon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Iyonisasyon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Іанізацыя – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іанізацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Йонизация – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йонизация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8" title="আয়নন – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আয়নন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizacija" title="Ionizacija – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ionizacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionitzaci%C3%B3" title="Ionització – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ionització" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86" title="ئایۆناندن – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئایۆناندن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizace" title="Ionizace – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ionizace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionisering" title="Ionisering – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ionisering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionisation" title="Ionisation – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ionisation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ιονισμός – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιονισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization" title="Ionization – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ionization" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonigo" title="Jonigo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jonigo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizaci%C3%B3n" title="Ionización – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ionización" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionisatsioon" title="Ionisatsioon – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ionisatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizazio" title="Ionizazio – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ionizazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B4" title="یونش – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یونش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionisation" title="Ionisation – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ionisation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizaci%C3%B3n" title="Ionización – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ionización" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F" title="יינון – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יינון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8" title="आयनन – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आयनन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioniz%C3%A1ci%C3%B3" title="Ionizáció – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ionizáció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Իոնացում – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իոնացում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionisation" title="Ionisation – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ionisation" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionisasi" title="Ionisasi – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ionisasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizzazione" title="Ionizzazione – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ionizzazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E5%8C%96" title="イオン化 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イオン化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="იონიზაცია – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იონიზაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Иондау – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иондау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A8%ED%99%94" title="이온화 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이온화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%83%D1%83" title="Иондошуу – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иондошуу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonizacija" title="Jonizacija – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jonizacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joniz%C4%81cija" title="Jonizācija – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jonizācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Јонизација – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јонизација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="അയൊണീകരണം – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അയൊണീകരണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengionan" title="Pengionan – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengionan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9B%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8" title="विद्युत विच्छेदन – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विद्युत विच्छेदन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionisatie" title="Ionisatie – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ionisatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionisering" title="Ionisering – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ionisering" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionisering" title="Ionisering – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ionisering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonizacja" title="Jonizacja – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jonizacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonisassion" title="Jonisassion – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Jonisassion" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Ionização – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ionização" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizare" title="Ionizare – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ionizare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ионизация – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ионизация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioniseren" title="Ioniseren – sjeverni sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ioniseren" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sjeverni sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizacija" title="Ionizacija – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ionizacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization" title="Ionization – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ionization" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioniz%C3%A1cia" title="Ionizácia – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ionizácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizacija" title="Ionizacija – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ionizacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nondekedzo" title="Nondekedzo – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nondekedzo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonizacija" title="Jonizacija – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Jonizacija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonisering" title="Jonisering – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jonisering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அயனியாக்கம் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அயனியாக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82" title="అయనీకరణం – teluški" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అయనీకరణం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="การแตกตัวเป็นไอออน – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การแตกตัวเป็นไอออน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0yonla%C5%9Fma" title="İyonlaşma – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İyonlaşma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Іонізація – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іонізація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86" title="آئیونائزیشن – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آئیونائزیشن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizatsiya" title="Ionizatsiya – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ionizatsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_ly" title="Điện ly – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điện ly" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionisoasje" title="Ionisoasje – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Ionisoasje" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyonisasyon" title="Iyonisasyon – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Iyonisasyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB" title="电离 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电离" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB" title="电离 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="电离" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%AB-ch%C3%BA-h%C3%B2a" title="Lī-chú-hòa – min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lī-chú-hòa" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E9%9B%A2" title="電離 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電離" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q190382#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ioniziranje" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:Ioniziranje&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovorna stranica (stranica ne postoji) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">hrvatski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ioniziranje"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&action=history" title="Ranije izmjene na ovoj stranici [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pomagala" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pomagala</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pomagala</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ioniziranje"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&action=history"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Razno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/Ioniziranje" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/Ioniziranje" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Popis svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&oldid=6961895" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Ioniziranje&id=6961895&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIoniziranje"><span>Skraćeni URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIoniziranje"><span>Preuzmi QR kôd</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ispis/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Zbirka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Ioniziranje"><span>Stvori knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ioniziranje&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&printable=yes" title="Inačica za ispis ove stranice [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inačica za ispis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikimedijini projekti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ionisation" hreflang="en"><span>Zajednički poslužitelj</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q190382" title="Poveznica na stavku na projektu Wikipodatci [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Preusmjereno s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionizacija&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionizacija">Ionizacija</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Ionizacijska_energija.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/7/74/Ionizacijska_energija.png/500px-Ionizacijska_energija.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/7/74/Ionizacijska_energija.png/750px-Ionizacijska_energija.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/7/74/Ionizacijska_energija.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption> Prva energija ionizacije neutralnih atoma.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Ionization_chamber.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ionization_chamber.svg/300px-Ionization_chamber.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ionization_chamber.svg/450px-Ionization_chamber.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ionization_chamber.svg/600px-Ionization_chamber.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Skica <a href="/wiki/Ionizacijska_komora" title="Ionizacijska komora">ionizacijske komore</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Ionizacni_komory_v_dozimetru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Ionizacni_komory_v_dozimetru.jpg/300px-Ionizacni_komory_v_dozimetru.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Ionizacni_komory_v_dozimetru.jpg/450px-Ionizacni_komory_v_dozimetru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Ionizacni_komory_v_dozimetru.jpg/600px-Ionizacni_komory_v_dozimetru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ionizacijska_komora" title="Ionizacijska komora">Ionizacijska komora</a> u <a href="/wiki/Dozimetar" title="Dozimetar">dozimetru</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Geiger_counter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Geiger_counter.jpg/300px-Geiger_counter.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Geiger_counter.jpg/450px-Geiger_counter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Geiger_counter.jpg/600px-Geiger_counter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="1544" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Geigerov_broja%C4%8D" title="Geigerov brojač">Geigerov brojač</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Maglena_komora.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/e/e9/Maglena_komora.jpg/300px-Maglena_komora.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/e/e9/Maglena_komora.jpg/450px-Maglena_komora.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/e/e9/Maglena_komora.jpg/600px-Maglena_komora.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Shematski prikaz <a href="/wiki/Maglena_komora" title="Maglena komora">maglene komore</a>. Naglim pomicanjem klipa prema dolje, nezasićena vodena para u komori postaje zasićenom, jer dolazi do naglog hlađenja pare, a <a href="/wiki/Kondenzacija" title="Kondenzacija">kondenzacija</a> se u obliku niza malih kapljica događa oko iona koje je načinio prolaz nabijene čestice.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Cloud_chamber_bionerd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cloud_chamber_bionerd.jpg/300px-Cloud_chamber_bionerd.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cloud_chamber_bionerd.jpg/450px-Cloud_chamber_bionerd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Cloud_chamber_bionerd.jpg/600px-Cloud_chamber_bionerd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maglena_komora" title="Maglena komora">Maglena komora</a> s vidljivim tragovima <a href="/wiki/Ioniziraju%C4%87e_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Ionizirajuće zračenje">ionizirajućeg zračenja</a> (kratki debeli tragovi su <a href="/wiki/Alfa-%C4%8Destica" title="Alfa-čestica">alfa-čestice</a>, a dugi i tanki tragovi su <a href="/wiki/Beta-%C4%8Destica" title="Beta-čestica">beta-čestice</a>).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:BubbleChamber-fnal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/BubbleChamber-fnal.jpg/300px-BubbleChamber-fnal.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/BubbleChamber-fnal.jpg/450px-BubbleChamber-fnal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/BubbleChamber-fnal.jpg/600px-BubbleChamber-fnal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="2080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Komora_na_mjehuri%C4%87e" title="Komora na mjehuriće">Komora na mjehuriće</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ioniziranje</b> ili <b>ionizacija</b> je nastajanje električki nabijenih čestica, <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">iona</a>, iz neutralnih <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoma</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekula</a>. Ionizaciju može izazvati druga električki nabijena čestica (ion, <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pozitron" title="Pozitron">pozitron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mezon" title="Mezon">mezon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">proton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfa-%C4%8Destica" title="Alfa-čestica">alfa-čestica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deuteron" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteron">deuteron</a>) koja se giba kroz plinovitu, kapljevitu ili čvrstu tvar, ako je <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_energija" title="Kinetička energija">kinetička energija</a> čestice dovoljno velika da u sudaru s neutralnim atomima ili molekulama izbaci iz njih <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrone</a>. Najmanja za to potrebna energija je <b>energija ionizacije</b> (ionizacijski potencijal), to jest <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energija</a> koja je dovoljna da izolirani atom ili molekula u plinovitom stanju izgube jedan elektron, pri čemu nastaje ionski par: pozitivno nabijeni ion i izbačeni elektron. Energija ionizacije mjera je sposobnosti nekog <a href="/wiki/Kemijski_element" title="Kemijski element">kemijskog elementa</a> da ulazi u <a href="/wiki/Kemijska_reakcija" title="Kemijska reakcija">kemijske reakcije</a> uz stvaranje iona. <b>Prva energija ionizacije</b> odnosi se na gubitak najslabije vezanog elektrona u neutralnom atomu, druga, veća energija ionizacije odnosi se na ionizaciju tako nastaloga <a href="/wiki/Kation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kation">kationa</a> i tako dalje. Ukupan broj ionskih parova nastalih na jedinici duljine uzduž puta čestice naziva se <b>ionizacijska gustoća</b> (specifična ionizacija) i mjeri se najčešće u odnosu prema ionizacijskoj gustoći u <a href="/wiki/Zrak" title="Zrak">zraku</a>. Ona ovisi o energiji, <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj">naboju</a> čestice, za razliku od <b>totalne ionizacije</b>, to jest ukupnoga broja ionskih parova nastalih uzduž cijele staze čestice, koji ovisi uglavnom samo o energiji s kojom je čestica ušla u tvar. Atomi ili molekule mogu ionizacijom izgubiti po jedan elektron ili više njih, a izbačeni elektron može kratko vrijeme ostati slobodan, može se vezati uz neki neutralni atom ili molekulu i tako stvoriti negativno nabijen ion, ili se pak spojiti s nekim pozitivno nabijenim ionom. Prosječni put koji oslobođeni elektron prijeđe prije nego što se spoji s drugom česticom naziva se <b>srednji slobodni put</b> i ovisi uglavnom o <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlaku</a> plina i stupnju ionizacije, to jest o omjeru između broja nastalih iona i preostalih neutralnih atoma, odnosno molekula. Gibajući se kroz sredstvo, čestica koja uzrokuje ionizaciju postupno gubi energiju i konačno se može zaustaviti. U zraku pri temperaturi od 15 <a href="/wiki/Celzij" title="Celzij">°C</a> i tlaku od 101 325 <a href="/wiki/Paskal" title="Paskal">Pa</a> utrošak energije po nastajanju jednog ionskoga para iznosi oko 32,5 <a href="/wiki/EV" class="mw-redirect" title="EV">eV</a> i ne ovisi o uzročniku ionizacije. </p><p>Uz primarnu ionizaciju, koju izravno uzrokuje čestica, zbiva se i <b>sekundarna ionizacija</b>, to jest proces nastajanja iona djelovanjem elektrona i iona koji su nastali primarnom ionizacijom, ako su prilikom svojega postanka dobili dovoljno veliku energiju. Neutralne čestice, na primjer <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> ili neutralni <a href="/wiki/Mezon" title="Mezon">mezon</a>, mogu uzrokovati samo sekundarnu ionizaciju, predajući ili svu svoju energiju ili samo njezin dio nekoj električki nabijenoj čestici, na primjer <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protonu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energija_ionizacije">Energija ionizacije</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Energija ionizacije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Energija ionizacije"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Energija ionizacije ili ionizacijska <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energija</a> je energija nužna da <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekula</a> u plinovitom stanju izgubi jedan <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a>. Graf prikazuje koliko ona iznosi za neutralne atome i može se uočiti da se uglavnom najteže daju ionizirati <a href="/wiki/Plemeniti_plinovi" title="Plemeniti plinovi">plemeniti plinovi</a>. No neke se molekule teže ioniziraju nego <a href="/wiki/Helij" title="Helij">helij</a>, na primjer ionizacijska energija <a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">kisika</a> O<sub>2</sub> iznosi 50 <a href="/wiki/EV" class="mw-redirect" title="EV">eV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ozon" title="Ozon">ozona</a> O<sub>3</sub> 11,7 eV, <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vode</a> H<sub>2</sub>O 12,6 eV.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Izbačeni elektron može kratko vrijeme ostati slobodan, može se vezati uz neki neutralni atom ili molekulu i tako stvoriti negativno nabijen ion, ili se spojiti s nekim pozitivno nabijenim ionom. Koliko dugo će elektron biti slobodan ovisi uglavnom o tlaku plina, temperaraturi i stupnju ionizacije, to jest o broju nastalih iona i preostalih neutralnih atoma. Čestica koja uzrokuje ionizaciju postupno, svakim sudarom, gubi <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_energija" title="Kinetička energija">kinetičku energiju</a>. Sekundarna ionizacija je proces nastajanja iona djelovanjem elektrona i iona koji su nastali primarnom ionizacijom, ako su oni prilikom svojega postanka dobili dovoljno veliku kinetičku energiju. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uzroci_ionizacije">Uzroci ionizacije</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Uzroci ionizacije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Uzroci ionizacije"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ionizaciju može uzrokovati <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetsko_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Elektromagnetsko zračenje">elektromagnetsko</a> ili čestično <a href="/wiki/Zra%C4%8Denje" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Zračenje">zračenje</a> dovoljno velike energije (<a href="/wiki/Ultraljubi%C4%8Dasto_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Ultraljubičasto zračenje">ultraljubičasto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rendgenske_zrake" title="Rendgenske zrake">rendgensko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gama-zra%C4%8Denje" class="mw-redirect" title="Gama-zračenje">gama-zračenje</a>), bilo <a href="/wiki/Fotoelektri%C4%8Dni_u%C4%8Dinak" title="Fotoelektrični učinak">fotoelektričnim učinkom</a>, tako da jedan od vezanih elektrona u atomu preuzme svu energiju <a href="/wiki/Kvant" title="Kvant">kvanta</a> zračenja, bilo <a href="/wiki/Comptonov_u%C4%8Dinak" title="Comptonov učinak">Comptonovim učinkom</a>, kada elektron preuzme samo dio te energije. Ionizaciju uzrokuje i <a href="/wiki/Ioniziraju%C4%87e_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Ionizirajuće zračenje">ionizirajuće zračenje</a> (<a href="/wiki/Radioaktivnost" title="Radioaktivnost">radioaktivno zračenje</a>). </p><p>Ionizaciju može izazvati <a href="/wiki/Trenje" title="Trenje">trenje</a> zmeđu slojeva tvari. Tako nastaje električni naboj <a href="/wiki/Oblak" class="mw-redirect" title="Oblak">oblaka</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_izboj" title="Električni izboj">Električni izboji</a> u <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plinovima</a> također se svode na ionizaciju. Ako nema djelovanja <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dno_polje" title="Električno polje">električnog polja</a>, ioni stvoreni u nekom plinu brzo se rekombiniraju i plin se ponovno vraća u neutralno stanje. No ako se plin nalazi u električnom polju, nastali se ioni gibaju prema <a href="/wiki/Elektroda" title="Elektroda">elektrodama</a>, i to negativno nabijeni prema <a href="/wiki/Anoda" title="Anoda">anodi</a>, a pozitivno nabijeni prema <a href="/wiki/Katoda" title="Katoda">katodi</a>. Na taj način nastaje <b>struja ionizacije</b>. Pri malim tlakovima i u dovoljno jakom električnom polju nastaje električni izboj. Zbog djelovanja polja tako stvoreni ioni, gibajući se prema elektrodama, dobivaju dovoljnu energiju, pa i oni ioniziraju druge atome i molekule. Ta se pojava naziva <b>kaskadni proces</b> i uzrok je ionizacije većega dijela plina, što se očituje svjetlosnim pojavama, kao u Crookesovoj cijevi (<a href="/wiki/William_Crookes" title="William Crookes">William Crookes</a>), a uz povećanje tlaka i napona, izbijanjem električnih iskara ili stvaranjem <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_luk" title="Električni luk">električnog luka</a>. </p><p>Ioni mogu nastati i zbog <a href="/wiki/Toplina" title="Toplina">toplinskog</a> gibanja atoma i molekula pri visokim <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperaturama</a>, na primjer u <a href="/wiki/Plamen" title="Plamen">plamenu</a>. Tada atomi i molekule imaju dovoljnu kinetičku energiju da u međusobnim sudarima jedni druge ioniziraju. Pri visokoj temperaturi (10 000 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>) nastaje <a href="/wiki/Plazma" class="mw-disambig" title="Plazma">plazma</a>, električki vodljiva plinska smjesa koja sadrži znatnu koncentraciju kationa i elektrona. Kod vrlo visokih temperatura, na primjer kod jakih električnih pražnjenja, stvaraju se dvostruko ili višestruko ionizirani atomi i prirodna plazma. Na ekstremno visokim temperaturama, kao u unutrašnjosti zvijezda, atomi mogu izgubiti sve elektrone. I dio Zemljine atmosfere (<a href="/wiki/Ionosfera" title="Ionosfera">ionosfera</a>) ioniziran je zbog stalne apsorpcije <a href="/wiki/Kozmi%C4%8Dke_zrake" title="Kozmičke zrake">kozmičkoga zračenja</a> iz <a href="/wiki/Svemir" title="Svemir">svemira</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Sunčeva</a> <a href="/wiki/Ultraljubi%C4%8Dasto_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Ultraljubičasto zračenje">ultraljubičastoga zračenja</a>. </p><p>Ionizacija se zbiva i u vodi i drugim <a href="/wiki/Otapalo" title="Otapalo">otapalima</a> kada se u njima otapaju i s njima reagiraju takozvani potencijalni elektroliti, koji se prije <a href="/wiki/Elektrolitska_disocijacija" title="Elektrolitska disocijacija">elektrolitske disocijacije</a> ne sastoje od iona. Tako na primjer plin <a href="/wiki/Klorovodik" title="Klorovodik">klorovodik</a> (HCl) u reakciji s <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vodom</a> daje hidronijev ion (H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>) i ion <a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor">klora</a> (Cl<sup>–</sup>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ionizacija_zraka">Ionizacija zraka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Ionizacija zraka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ionizacija zraka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zbog velike gustoće, <a href="/wiki/Elektricitet" title="Elektricitet">elektricitet</a> nastoji ostaviti <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_vodi%C4%8D" title="Električni vodič">električni vodič</a> na šiljcima. To se vidi na primjer u <a href="/wiki/Pokus" title="Pokus">pokusu</a> kada stavimo na kuglicu <a href="/wiki/Elektroskop" title="Elektroskop">elektroskopa</a> šiljak i kada se <a href="/wiki/Elektricitet" title="Elektricitet">naelektrizira</a>. Vidjet ćemo da će se listići elektroskopa brzo sklopiti. Uzrok tome je ionizacija zraka. Zbog velike zakrivljenosti šiljka gotovo će se cijeli elektricitet skupiti na vrhu, pa će u okolini šiljka vladati jako <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dno_polje" title="Električno polje">električno polje</a>. Kako u zraku uvijek ima <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj">pozitivnih i negativnih čestica</a>, to jest <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">iona</a>, šiljak će privlačiti ione suprotnog predznaka pa će zbog postepene neutralizacije nastati gubitak električnog naboja. Ioni, koje je pri tom privukao šiljak, dobivaju veliku <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzinu</a> i srazuju se na putu s neutralnim <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekulama</a> <a href="/wiki/Zrak" title="Zrak">zraka</a>. Posljedica tih <a href="/wiki/Sraz" title="Sraz">srazova</a> je nastajanje novih iona. Nastajanje iona zbog njihova sraza s neutralnim molekulama zraka zove se <b>ionizacija srazom</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mjerni_instrumenti">Mjerni instrumenti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Mjerni instrumenti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mjerni instrumenti"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na načelu ionizacije zasnivaju se mnogi <a href="/wiki/Mjerni_instrument" title="Mjerni instrument">mjerni instrumenti</a> u fizici i kemiji. Najpoznatiji su ionizacijska komora, Geiger-Müllerovo brojilo, Wilsonova komora, različiti <a href="/wiki/Spektrometar" title="Spektrometar">spektrometrijski instrumenti</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ionizacijska_komora">Ionizacijska komora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Ionizacijska komora" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ionizacijska komora"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Ionizacijska_komora" title="Ionizacijska komora">Ionizacijska komora</a></div></i></div> <p>Ionizacijska komora je uređaj za proučavanje ionizacije plinova, otkrivanje (detekciju) i mjerenje intenziteta <a href="/wiki/Ioniziraju%C4%87e_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Ionizirajuće zračenje">ionizirajućega zračenja</a>. Glavni su joj dijelovi zatvorena cilindrična komora, u kojoj se nalazi plin pod određenim <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlakom</a>, i dvije elektrode s različitim <a href="/wiki/Potencijal" class="mw-disambig" title="Potencijal">potencijalima</a>. To je jedan od prvih detekora ionizirajućega zračenja kojemu se načelo detekcije zasniva na sabiranju ionskih parova koji nastaju u plinu u električnom polju komore. Prolaskom <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">fotona</a> ili neke nabijene čestice dovoljne energije kroz komoru, ioniziraju se ili pobuđuju molekule plina uzduž staze čestice. Ionizacijom neutralne molekule nastaju pozitivni ion i slobodni elektron, koji se nazivaju ionskim parom. Iz nastalih ionskih parova stvara se strujni signal, koji se dalje može oblikovati i pojačavati u izlazni signal, razmjeran intenzitetu (broju čestica i energiji) upadnoga zračenja. Ionski parovi nastaju izravnim ioniziranjem, ali su mogući i drugi procesi kojima upadno zračenje gubi energiju bez stvaranja iona (procesi pobuđivanja molekula).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geiger-Müllerovo_brojilo"><span id="Geiger-M.C3.BCllerovo_brojilo"></span>Geiger-Müllerovo brojilo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Geiger-Müllerovo brojilo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Geiger-Müllerovo brojilo"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Geigerov_broja%C4%8D" title="Geigerov brojač">Geigerov brojač</a></div></i></div> <p>Geiger-Müllerovo brojilo je naprava za detekciju ionizirajućega zračenja, odnosno brojenje prolaska ionizirajućih čestica ili fotona. Najčešća je izvedba brojila u obliku <a href="/wiki/Metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal">metalne</a> cijevi ili staklene cijevi s metalnom oblogom, koja ujedno ima ulogu katode. Anoda je tanka metalna <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDica" title="Žica">žica</a> koja prolazi kroz os cijevi. Elektrode su spojene na visoki <a href="/wiki/Napon" title="Napon">napon</a>, a cijev je ispunjena smjesom plemenitoga plina (na primjer <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argona</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neona</a>). U trenutku kada ionizirajuća čestica ili foton u prolazu kroz brojilo ionizira plin, produkti ionizacije (pozitivni ioni i elektroni) razdvajaju se pod djelovanjem električnoga polja. Ioni se ubrzano gibaju prema katodi, a elektroni prema anodi i pritom u plinu uzrokuju daljnju, lavinsku ionizaciju. Time se nakratko zatvara <a href="/wiki/Strujni_krug" class="mw-redirect" title="Strujni krug">strujni krug</a> i na <a href="/wiki/Otpornik" title="Otpornik">otporniku</a> u vanjskome dijelu kruga nastaje <a href="/wiki/Napon" title="Napon">naponski</a> <a href="/wiki/Impuls" class="mw-disambig" title="Impuls">impuls</a>. Ti se impulsi odbrojavaju u elektroničkom brojilu, koje često ima i mali <a href="/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dnik" title="Zvučnik">zvučnik</a> za zvučnu indikaciju zračenja. U takozvanom mrtvome vremenu, dok je plin ioniziran, brojilo ne može indicirati novo zračenje. Stoga se za prekidanje (gašenje) daljnje ionizacije i stalnog izboja u cijev dodaju i male količine drugih plinova ili para. Važno je svojstvo brojila učinkovitost, to jest omjer broja indiciranih i ulaznih čestica ili fotona. Geiger-Müllerovo brojilo može služiti i za detekciju <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrona</a>, premda oni, električki neutralni, ne uzrokuju ionizaciju. Međutim, neutroni mogu uzrokovati sekundarnu ionizaciju, i to oslobađanjem <a href="/wiki/Alfa-%C4%8Destica" title="Alfa-čestica">alfa-čestica</a> u <a href="/wiki/Nuklearna_reakcija" title="Nuklearna reakcija">nuklearnoj reakciji</a> s elementom <a href="/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element)">borom</a>, pa u tu svrhu cijev brojila treba sadržavati plinoviti borov trifluorid.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wilsonova_komora">Wilsonova komora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Wilsonova komora" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Wilsonova komora"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Maglena_komora" title="Maglena komora">Maglena komora</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Wilsonova komora</b> (po škotskom fizičaru <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Charles Thomson Rees Wilsonu</a>), prvi uređaj kojim se mogla registrirati staza nabijenih čestica, posebno <a href="/wiki/Alfa-%C4%8Destica" title="Alfa-čestica">alfa-čestica</a> i <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrona</a> emitiranih iz <a href="/wiki/Radioaktivnost" title="Radioaktivnost">radioaktivnih materijala</a>. U osnovi je to posuda ispunjena smjesom <a href="/wiki/Zrak" title="Zrak">zraka</a> i <a href="/wiki/Vodena_para" title="Vodena para">vodene pare</a>, u kojoj se brzim povećanjem njezina <a href="/wiki/Volumen" class="mw-redirect" title="Volumen">volumena</a> s pomoću pokretne membrane i <a href="/wiki/Klip_stroja" title="Klip stroja">klipa</a>, zbog pada tlaka i temperature, postiže prezasićenost zraka vodenom parom, pri čem dolazi do <a href="/wiki/Kondenzacija" title="Kondenzacija">kondenzacije</a> vodene pare duž staze nabijene čestice. Prolaskom kroz komoru, nabijena čestica izaziva ionizaciju molekula zraka, koje tako postaju središta kondenzacije. Na tom osnovnom načelu razvijena je <a href="/wiki/Maglena_komora" title="Maglena komora">maglena komora</a> (<a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Patrick Blackett</a>) i <a href="/wiki/Komora_na_mjehuri%C4%87e" title="Komora na mjehuriće">komora na mjehuriće</a> (<a href="/wiki/Donald_Glaser" title="Donald Glaser">Donald Glaser</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zdravlje">Zdravlje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Zdravlje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Zdravlje"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Mjerne_jedinice_ioniziraju%C4%87eg_zra%C4%8Denja" title="Mjerne jedinice ionizirajućeg zračenja">Mjerne jedinice ionizirajućeg zračenja</a></div></i></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ioniziraju%C4%87e_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Ionizirajuće zračenje">Ionizirajućim zračenjem</a> ionizira se i <a href="/wiki/Tkivo" title="Tkivo">tkivo</a>, prije svega <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">voda</a> kao glavni sastojak tkiva, pri čemu nastaju kemijski vrlo reaktivni <a href="/wiki/Radikal" class="mw-disambig" title="Radikal">radikali</a>, koji uzrokuju ozbiljna biološka oštećenja organizma. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>ionizacija</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=27752">[1]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Handbook of physics</i>, Walter Benenson i dr., Springer, New York, 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Velimir Kruz: "Tehnička fizika za tehničke škole", "Školska knjiga" Zagreb, 1969.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>ionizacijska komora</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=27753">[2]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>Geiger-Müllerovo brojilo</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=21512">[3]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>Wilsonova komora</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=66207">[4]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2015.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&oldid=6961895">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&oldid=6961895</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Kemija" title="Kategorija:Kemija">Kemija</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 5. lipnja 2024. u 18:17.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. Pogledajte <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Uvjete upotrebe</a> za detalje.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Zaštita privatnosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Impresum">Impresum</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Op%C4%87e_odricanje_od_odgovornosti">Odricanje od odgovornosti</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kodeks ponašanja</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Razvojni programeri</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/hr.wikipedia.org">Statistika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Izjava o kolačićima</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//hr.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ioniziranje&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Prikaz za mobilne uređaje</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-grk7b","wgBackendResponseTime":170,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.120","walltime":"0.293","ppvisitednodes":{"value":337,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1893,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":5,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":5363,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 68.699 1 -total"," 70.32% 48.312 4 Predložak:Glavni"," 24.45% 16.794 1 Predložak:Izvori"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.024","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":823426,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-cb8c6c499-x2v2m","timestamp":"20241104145701","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ioniziranje","url":"https:\/\/hr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ioniziranje","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q190382","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q190382","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Doprinositelji projektima Wikimedije"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-06-23T16:16:56Z","dateModified":"2024-06-05T17:17:09Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f5\/Ionization_chamber.svg"}</script> </body> </html>