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<li id="toc-South_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>South Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Syria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southeast_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeast_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Southeast Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeast_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prominent_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prominent_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Prominent figures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prominent_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principal_teachings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principal_teachings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Principal teachings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principal_teachings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Naqshbandi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="نقشبندية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نقشبندية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C9%99q%C5%9Fib%C9%99ndilik" title="Nəqşibəndilik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nəqşibəndilik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="নকশবন্দি তরিকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নকশবন্দি তরিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D3%99%D2%A1%D1%88%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D3%99" title="Нәҡшбәндиә – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нәҡшбәндиә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nak%C5%A1ibendijski_tarikat" title="Nakšibendijski tarikat – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nakšibendijski tarikat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqxbandiyya" title="Naqxbandiyya – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Naqxbandiyya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nak%C5%A1band%C3%ADja" title="Nakšbandíja – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nakšbandíja" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqschband%C4%ABya" title="Naqschbandīya – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Naqschbandīya" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqshbandiyya" title="Naqshbandiyya – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Naqshbandiyya" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%87" title="نقشبندیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نقشبندیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqshbandiyya" title="Naqshbandiyya – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Naqshbandiyya" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B7%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Նակշբանդիականություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նակշբանդիականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nak%C5%A1ibendije" title="Nakšibendije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nakšibendije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarekat_Naqsyabandiyah" title="Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqshbandiyya" title="Naqshbandiyya – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Naqshbandiyya" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94" title="נקשבנדיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נקשבנדיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%88%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Нақшбандийа тариқаты – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нақшбандийа тариқаты" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neq%C5%9Fbend%C3%AE" title="Neqşbendî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Neqşbendî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarekat_Naqsyabandiyah" title="Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="നഖ്ശബന്ദിയ്യ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നഖ്ശബന്ദിയ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الطريقه النقشبنديه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الطريقه النقشبنديه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqshabandi" title="Naqshabandi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Naqshabandi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqsyabandiyah" title="Naqsyabandiyah – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Naqsyabandiyah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqshbandiyya" title="Naqshbandiyya – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Naqshbandiyya" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E6%95%99%E5%9B%A3" title="ナクシュバンディー教団 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナクシュバンディー教団" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqshbandi" title="Naqshbandi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Naqshbandi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqshbandiyya" title="Naqshbandiyya – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Naqshbandiyya" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqshbandiya" title="Naqshbandiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Naqshbandiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਨਕਸ਼ਬੰਦੀ ਸਿਲਸਿਲਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਕਸ਼ਬੰਦੀ ਸਿਲਸਿਲਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%81" title="سلسلہ نقشبندیہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سلسلہ نقشبندیہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakszbandijja" title="Nakszbandijja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nakszbandijja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqshbandi" title="Naqshbandi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Naqshbandi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqshbandism" title="Naqshbandism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Naqshbandism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Накшбандия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Накшбандия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqshbandi" title="Naqshbandi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Naqshbandi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="نقشبندي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نقشبندي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%95%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="نەقشبەندی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نەقشبەندی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nak%C5%A1ibendijski_tarikat" title="Nakšibendijski tarikat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nakšibendijski tarikat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqshbandi" title="Naqshbandi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Naqshbandi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%AE%B7%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="நக்‌ஷபந்திய்யா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நக்‌ஷபந்திய்யா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%88%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нақшбандия – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нақшбандия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nak%C5%9Fibendilik" title="Nakşibendilik – Turkish" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sufi mystic order in Sunni Islam</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks collapsible"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:88%; line-height:200%;"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="nobold">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">a series</a> on <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:200%;"><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani,_Baghdad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg/200px-Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg/300px-Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg/400px-Tomb_of_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani%2C_Baghdad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="sidebar-caption">Tomb of <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Gilani" title="Abdul Qadir Gilani">Abdul Qadir Gilani</a>, Baghdad, Iraq</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdal" title="Abdal">Abdal</a></li> <li><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar-Latn" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Al-Ins%C4%81n_al-K%C4%81mil" title="Al-Insān al-Kāmil">Al-Insān al-Kāmil</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqaa" title="Baqaa">Baqaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dervish" title="Dervish">Dervish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhawq" title="Dhawq">Dhawq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakir" title="Fakir">Fakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fana_(Sufism)" title="Fana (Sufism)">Fana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_(Sufism)" title="Hal (Sufism)">Hal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haqiqa" title="Haqiqa">Haqiqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihsan" title="Ihsan">Ihsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irfan" title="Irfan">Irfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishq" title="Ishq">Ishq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamat" title="Karamat">Karamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashf" title="Kashf">Kashf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lataif-e-Sitta" title="Lataif-e-Sitta">Lataif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzil" title="Manzil">Manzil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27rifa" title="Ma'rifa">Ma'rifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqam_(Sufism)" title="Maqam (Sufism)">Maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murid" title="Murid">Murid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murshid" title="Murshid">Murshid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafs" title="Nafs">Nafs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C5%ABr_(Islam)" title="Nūr (Islam)">Nūr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalandar_(title)" title="Qalandar (title)">Qalandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qayyum_(Sufism)" title="Qayyum (Sufism)">Qayyum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutb" title="Qutb">Qutb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silsila" title="Silsila">Silsila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_cosmology" title="Sufi cosmology">Sufi cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_metaphysics" title="Sufi metaphysics">Sufi metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_philosophy" title="Sufi philosophy">Sufi philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi poetry">Sufi poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_psychology" title="Sufi psychology">Sufi psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salik" title="Salik">Salik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazkiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tazkiah">Tazkiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">Wali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqeen" title="Yaqeen">Yaqeen</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasheed" title="Nasheed">Anasheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">Dhikr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B8%8Dra" title="Haḍra">Haḍra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muraqabah" title="Muraqabah">Muraqabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qawwali" title="Qawwali">Qawwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_(Sufism)" title="Sama (Sufism)">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_whirling" title="Sufi whirling">Whirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyarat" title="Ziyarat">Ziyarat</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">Sufi orders</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alians" title="Alians">Alians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_%27Alawiyya" title="Ba 'Alawiyya">Ba 'Alawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bektashi_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi Order">Bektashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadiriyya" title="Qadiriyya">Qadiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chishti_Order" title="Chishti Order">Chishti</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Naqshbandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadhili" title="Shadhili">Shadhili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suhrawardiyya" title="Suhrawardiyya">Suhrawardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifa%60i" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifa`i">Rifa`i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalwati_order" title="Khalwati order">Khalwati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmaniyya" title="Rahmaniyya">Rahmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badawiyya" title="Badawiyya">Badawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desuqiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Desuqiyya">Desuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tijaniyyah" title="Tijaniyyah">Tijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darqawiyya" title="Darqawiyya">Darqawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idrisiyya" title="Idrisiyya">Idrisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusiyya" title="Senusiyya">Senusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayramiye" title="Bayramiye">Bayrami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelveti" title="Jelveti">Jelveti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maizbhandari" title="Maizbhandari">Maizbhandari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malamatiyya" title="Malamatiyya">Malamati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouride" title="Mouride">Mouridi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleymanc%C4%B1lar" title="Süleymancılar">Sülaymaniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salihiyya" title="Salihiyya">Salihiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azeemiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeemiyya">Azeemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubrawiya" title="Kubrawiya">Kubrawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevlevi_Order" title="Mevlevi Order">Mevlevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shattari" class="mw-redirect" title="Shattari">Shattari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uwaisi" title="Uwaisi">Uwaisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurufism" title="Hurufism">Hurufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%27matull%C4%81h%C4%AB" title="Ni'matullāhī">Ni'matullāhī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuqtavi" title="Nuqtavi">Nuqtavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalandariyya" title="Qalandariyya">Qalandari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safavid_order" title="Safavid order">Safavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahabiya" title="Zahabiya">Zahabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbariyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Akbariyya">Akbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galibi_Order" title="Galibi Order">Galibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haqqani_Anjuman" title="Haqqani Anjuman">Haqqani Anjuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inayati_Order" title="Inayati Order">Inayati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aissawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Aissawa">Issawiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerrahi" title="Jerrahi">Jerrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madariyya" title="Madariyya">Madari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdavia">Mahdavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noorbakshia_Islam" title="Noorbakshia Islam">Noorbakshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahediyeh" title="Zahediyeh">Zahedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zikri" class="mw-redirect" title="Zikri">Zikri</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">List of sufis</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufi_saints" title="List of Sufi saints">Notable early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufis" title="List of Sufis">Notable modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufi_singers" title="List of Sufi singers">Singers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Topics in Sufism</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">Tariqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haqiqa" title="Haqiqa">Haqiqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27rifa" title="Ma'rifa">Ma'rifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sufi_art" title="Category:Sufi art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sufism" title="History of Sufism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_music" title="Sufi music">Sufi music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyarat" title="Ziyarat">Ziyarat</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/54px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Sufism" title="Template:Sufism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sufism" title="Template talk:Sufism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sufism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sufism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahauddin_Naqshband_Memorial_Complex._Bukhara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Bahauddin_Naqshband_Memorial_Complex._Bukhara.jpg/220px-Bahauddin_Naqshband_Memorial_Complex._Bukhara.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Bahauddin_Naqshband_Memorial_Complex._Bukhara.jpg/330px-Bahauddin_Naqshband_Memorial_Complex._Bukhara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Bahauddin_Naqshband_Memorial_Complex._Bukhara.jpg/440px-Bahauddin_Naqshband_Memorial_Complex._Bukhara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Shrine of the order's founder <a href="/wiki/Baha%27_al-Din_Naqshband" title="Baha' al-Din Naqshband">Baha-ud-Din Naqshband</a> in <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Naqshbandi order</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الطريقة النقشبندية</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">aṭ-Ṭarīqat an-Naqshbandiyya</i></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> <a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">order</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> named after <a href="/wiki/Baha%27_al-Din_Naqshband" title="Baha' al-Din Naqshband">Baha-ud-Din Naqshband</a>. Naqshbandis trace their <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Silsila" title="Silsila">silsila</a></i></span> (chain of succession) to <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> through the first caliph <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 632–634</span>) by way of <a href="/wiki/Ja%27far_al-Sadiq" title="Ja'far al-Sadiq">Ja'far al-Sadiq</a>. The Naqshbandi Sufi order is most distinguished from other Sunni <a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">Sufi orders</a> by the high level of importance they assign to the <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a>, highlighted by major Naqshbandi scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi" title="Shah Waliullah Dehlawi">Shah Waliullah Dehlawi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naqshbandi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The order is also known as the "convergence of the two oceans" due to the presence of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a> and Jafar al-Sadiq in the <a href="/wiki/Silsilah" class="mw-redirect" title="Silsilah"><i>silsila</i></a> and the "Sufi Order of Jafar al-Sadiq".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SufisSaintsBodies_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SufisSaintsBodies-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SupremeCouncil_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SupremeCouncil-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Naqshbandi order owes many insights to <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Hamadani" title="Yusuf Hamadani">Yusuf Hamadani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Khaliq_Ghijduwani" title="Abdul Khaliq Ghijduwani">Abdul Khaliq Ghijduwani</a> in the 12th century, the latter of whom is regarded as the organizer of the practices and is responsible for placing stress upon the purely silent <a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">remembrance of Allah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Trmingham_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trmingham-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was later associated with <a href="/wiki/Baha-ud-Din_Naqshband_Bukhari" class="mw-redirect" title="Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari">Baha al-Din Shah Naqshband</a> in the 14th century, hence the name of the order.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since it was founded the Naqshbandi order has split into multiple sub-orders founded by several prominent figures within the chain of succession. <a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Ahrar" title="Khwaja Ahrar">'Ubeydullah Ahrar</a> founded the Naqshbandiyya Ahrariyya; <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a> founded the Naqshbandiyya Mujaddidiyya; <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Mazhar_Jan-e-Janaan" title="Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan">Shamsuddin Mirza Mazhar</a> founded the Naqshbandiyya Mazhariyya; and <a href="/wiki/Mawlana_Khalid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mawlana Khalid">Mawlana Khalid</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Khalidiyya" title="Khalidiyya">Naqshbandiyya Khalidiyya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Asia">South Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naqshbandi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: South Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imam_rabani_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Imam_rabani_2.jpg/220px-Imam_rabani_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Imam_rabani_2.jpg/330px-Imam_rabani_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Imam_rabani_2.jpg/440px-Imam_rabani_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1016" data-file-height="737" /></a><figcaption>Mosque and tomb of <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a>, India, a prominent guide of the Naqshbandi Sufi order venerated as "Imam Rabbani" and <a href="/wiki/Mujaddid" title="Mujaddid">Mujaddid Alf-Thani</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darbare_Hazrat_Eshan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Darbare_Hazrat_Eshan.jpg/220px-Darbare_Hazrat_Eshan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Darbare_Hazrat_Eshan.jpg/330px-Darbare_Hazrat_Eshan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Darbare_Hazrat_Eshan.jpg/440px-Darbare_Hazrat_Eshan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4725" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Shrine of <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Mir_Jan" title="Sayyid Mir Jan">Sayyid Mir Jan</a> Naqshbandi in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, Pakistan</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ziyarat_Naqshband_Sahab_Shrine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ziyarat_Naqshband_Sahab_Shrine.jpg/220px-Ziyarat_Naqshband_Sahab_Shrine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ziyarat_Naqshband_Sahab_Shrine.jpg/330px-Ziyarat_Naqshband_Sahab_Shrine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ziyarat_Naqshband_Sahab_Shrine.jpg/440px-Ziyarat_Naqshband_Sahab_Shrine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3492" data-file-height="1992" /></a><figcaption>Shrine of Moinuddin Hadi Naqshband in <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Naqshbandiyya order became an influential factor in <a href="/wiki/Indian_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Muslim">Indian Muslim</a> life, and for two centuries it was the most common Sufi order in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>. <a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Baqi_Billah" title="Khwaja Baqi Billah">Khwaja Baqi Billah</a>, who was born in Kabul and brought up and educated in Kabul and <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a>, is credited for bringing the order to India during the end of the 16th century. He tried to spread his knowledge about the order but died three years later. His disciple <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a> took over after his death, and it was through him that the order gained popularity within a short period of time. <a href="/wiki/Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi" title="Shah Waliullah Dehlawi">Shah Waliullah Dehlawi</a> was an 18th-century member of the order.<sup id="cite_ref-Haq_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haq-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syria">Syria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naqshbandi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Syria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Naqshbandiyya order was introduced into Syria at the end of the 17th century by Murad Ali al-Bukhari, who established himself in Damascus and traveled throughout Arabia. His branch became known as the Muradiyya and was led by his descendants. In 1820, Khalid Shahrazuri rose as a prominent Naqshbandi leader in the Ottoman world and his order became known as the <a href="/wiki/Khalidiyya" title="Khalidiyya">Khalidiyya</a> which spread for at least two decades. In Syria and Lebanon, the leaders of every active Naqshbandiyya group acknowledged its <a href="/wiki/Silsilah" class="mw-redirect" title="Silsilah">spiritual lineage</a>. Later, a strife between Khalid's khalifas led to disruption of the order and it divide. The Farmadiyya branch, which practices silent and vocal <a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">invocation</a>, is still present in Lebanon and is named after Ali-Farmadi. The pre-Mujaddidi line of the Naqshbandiyya in Greater Syria came to an end when political leader Musa Bukhar died in 1973. The only branch to have survived till recently is the one based in the <a href="/wiki/Khanqah" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanqah">Khanqah</a> al-Uzbakiyya in Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-Jong_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jong-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egypt">Egypt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naqshbandi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Naqshbandi order rose to prominence in Egypt during the 19th century. A major khanqah was constructed in 1851 by Abbas I as a favor to the Naqshbandi sheikh Ahmad Ashiq, who led the order until his death in 1883. Ahmad Ashiq practiced the Diya'iyya branch of the Khalidiyya. Two other versions of Naqshbandiyya spread in Egypt in the last decades of the 19th century: the Judiyya, led by sheikh Juda Ibrahim, and the Khalidiyya, led by Sudanese al-Sharif Isma'il al-Sinnari and his successors. These branches continued to grow and are still active today. None of the early orders survived far into the 20th century however, and all khanqahs in Egypt were closed in 1954 when the buildings were either assigned a different function or demolished.<sup id="cite_ref-Jong_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jong-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southeast_Asia">Southeast Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naqshbandi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Southeast Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Masjid_Ar-Rahman_Pondok_Pesantren_Al-Manaar_Batuhampar_2020_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Masjid_Ar-Rahman_Pondok_Pesantren_Al-Manaar_Batuhampar_2020_03.jpg/220px-Masjid_Ar-Rahman_Pondok_Pesantren_Al-Manaar_Batuhampar_2020_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Masjid_Ar-Rahman_Pondok_Pesantren_Al-Manaar_Batuhampar_2020_03.jpg/330px-Masjid_Ar-Rahman_Pondok_Pesantren_Al-Manaar_Batuhampar_2020_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Masjid_Ar-Rahman_Pondok_Pesantren_Al-Manaar_Batuhampar_2020_03.jpg/440px-Masjid_Ar-Rahman_Pondok_Pesantren_Al-Manaar_Batuhampar_2020_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Tomb of Abdurrahman Batuhampar, a Naqshbandi sheikh in <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> and grandfather of <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta">Mohammad Hatta</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%82%D8%B2_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%82%D8%B2_1.jpg/220px-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%82%D8%B2_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%82%D8%B2_1.jpg/330px-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%82%D8%B2_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%82%D8%B2_1.jpg/440px-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%82%D8%B2_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Khanaqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanaqa">Khanaqah</a> (prayer house) of Naqshbandi in <a href="/wiki/Saqqez" title="Saqqez">Saqqez</a>'s bazaar in Iran</figcaption></figure> <p>The first known Naqshbandi murshid in <a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a> was <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Makassari" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf al-Makassari">Yusuf al-Makassari</a>, a 17th century Islamic scholar who also introduced <a href="/wiki/Khalwatiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalwatiyya">Khalwatiyya</a> to the region. However, the order quickly disappeared before being introduced again in the 19th century. There are two well known branches of Naqshbandiyya in Southeast Asia. The first one is Khalidiyya, introduced by <a href="/wiki/Ismail_al-Khalidi_al-Minangkabawi" title="Ismail al-Khalidi al-Minangkabawi">Ismail al-Minankabawi</a>, a disciple of Abdullah al-Arzinjani in Mecca, and spread across <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a>. <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Education_Movement" title="Islamic Education Movement">PERTI</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> Islamic organization from <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_Highlands" title="Minangkabau Highlands">Minangkabau Highlands</a>, was founded by <a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_ar-Rasuli" title="Sulaiman ar-Rasuli">Sulaiman ar-Rasuli</a> and other Khalidi clerics. The other branch is Mazhariyya, named after Shamsuddin Mazhar, a Naqshbandi branch through Abu Said al-Ahmadi, one of Abdullah Dehlawi's khalifas. Mazhariyya is the main Naqshbandi branch in <a href="/wiki/Madura" title="Madura">Madura</a>, brought by Abdul Azim al-Maduri after studying in Mecca. Another related order is <a href="/wiki/Qadiriyya_wa_Naqshbandiyya" title="Qadiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya">Qadiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya</a>, a fusion of <a href="/wiki/Qadiriyya" title="Qadiriyya">Qadiriyya</a> and Naqshbandiyya, whose sheikhs in <a href="/wiki/Banten" title="Banten">Banten</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lombok" title="Lombok">Lombok</a> led rebellions against the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> at the end of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naqshbandi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5741-Linxia-Huasi-Gongbei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/5741-Linxia-Huasi-Gongbei.jpg/220px-5741-Linxia-Huasi-Gongbei.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/5741-Linxia-Huasi-Gongbei.jpg/330px-5741-Linxia-Huasi-Gongbei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/5741-Linxia-Huasi-Gongbei.jpg/440px-5741-Linxia-Huasi-Gongbei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Ma Laichi's mausoleum (Hua Si Gongbei) in <a href="/wiki/Linxia_City" title="Linxia City">Linxia City</a>, is the earliest and most important Naqshbandi monument in China</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ma_Laichi" title="Ma Laichi">Ma Laichi</a> brought the Naqshbandi (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">نقشبندية</span></span>) <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">納克什班迪</span></span> order to China, creating the <a href="/wiki/Khufiyya" title="Khufiyya">Khufiyya</a> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">خفيه</span></span>) <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">虎夫耶</span></span> Hua Si Sufi <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">华寺</span></span>; ("<a href="/wiki/Multicolored_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Multicolored Mosque">Multicolored Mosque</a>") <a href="/wiki/Menhuan" title="Menhuan">menhuan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ma_Mingxin" title="Ma Mingxin">Ma Mingxin</a>, also brought the Naqshbandi order, creating the <a href="/wiki/Jahriyya" title="Jahriyya">Jahriyya</a> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جهرية</span></span>) <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">哲赫林耶</span></span> menhuan. These two menhuan were rivals, and fought against each other which led to the <a href="/wiki/Jahriyya_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahriyya Rebellion">Jahriyya Rebellion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dungan_revolt_(1862%E2%80%931877)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dungan revolt (1862–1877)">Dungan revolt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dungan_Revolt_(1895)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dungan Revolt (1895)">Dungan Revolt (1895)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-VersteeghEid2005_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VersteeghEid2005-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prominent_figures">Prominent figures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naqshbandi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Prominent figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Khaliq_Ghijduwani" title="Abdul Khaliq Ghijduwani">Abdul Khaliq Ghijduwani</a> (d. 1179)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baha-ud-Din_Naqshband_Bukhari" class="mw-redirect" title="Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari">Baha al-Din Shah Naqshband</a> (1318–1389)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Ahrar" title="Khwaja Ahrar">Khwaja Ahrar</a> (1404-1490)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a> (1564–1624)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazrat_Ishaan" title="Hazrat Ishaan">Hazrat Ishaan</a> (1563-1642)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi" title="Shah Waliullah Dehlawi">Shah Waliullah Dehlawi</a> (1703–1762)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlana_Khalid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mawlana Khalid">Mawlana Khalid</a> (1779–1827)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uthman_Sir%C3%A2j-ud-D%C3%AEn_Naqshbandi" title="Uthman Sirâj-ud-Dîn Naqshbandi">Uthman Sirâj-ud-Dîn Naqshbandi</a> (1781-1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Mir_Jan" title="Sayyid Mir Jan">Sayyid Mir Jan</a> (1800-1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Akbar_Danapuri" title="Shah Akbar Danapuri">Shah Akbar Danapuri</a> (1844-1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Uthman_Siraj_al-Din" title="Muhammad Uthman Siraj al-Din">Muhamamad Uthman Sirâj-ud-Dîn Naqshbandi</a> (1896–1997)<sup id="cite_ref-:6_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Esad_Co%C5%9Fan" title="Mahmud Esad Coşan">Mahmud Esad Coşan</a> (1938-2001)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazim_al-Haqqani" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazim al-Haqqani">Nazim al-Haqqani</a> (1922-2014)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principal_teachings">Principal teachings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naqshbandi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Principal teachings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Eleven_Naqshbandi_principles" title="Eleven Naqshbandi principles">Eleven Naqshbandi principles</a></div> <p>The Naqshbandi order has 11 principle teachings known as the <a href="/wiki/Eleven_Naqshbandi_principles" title="Eleven Naqshbandi principles">Eleven Naqshbandi principles</a>. The first eight were formulated by <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Khaliq_Ghijduwani" title="Abdul Khaliq Ghijduwani">Abdul Khaliq Ghijduwani</a>, and the last three were added by Baha-ud-Din Shah Naqshband.<sup id="cite_ref-Trmingham_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trmingham-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Remembrance (<span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Yād-kard</i></span> – Persian: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">یاد کرد</span>): Always orally and mentally repeating the <a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">dhikr</a>.</li> <li>Restraint (<span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Bāz-gasht</i></span> – Persian: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">بازگشت</span>): Focus on <a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a>, and engaging in the dhikr of the <a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">shahada</a> phrase – "La-ilaha il-allah".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Watchfulness (<span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Negāh-dāsht</i></span> – Persian: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">نگاه داشت</span>): Being conscientious over wandering thoughts.</li> <li>Recollection (<span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Yād-dāsht</i></span> – Persian: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ياد داشت</span>): Concentration upon the Divine presence in a condition of <a href="/wiki/Dhawq" title="Dhawq">dhawq</a>, foretaste, intuitive anticipation or perceptiveness, not using external aids.</li> <li>Awareness while breathing (<span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Housh dar dam</i></span> – Persian: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">هوش در دم</span>): Controlling one's breathing by not exhaling or inhaling in the forgetfulness of the Divine.</li> <li>Journeying in one's homeland (<span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Safar dar watan</i></span> - Persian: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">سفر در وطن</span>): An internal journey that moves the person from having blameworthy to praiseworthy properties. This is also referred to as the vision or revelation of the hidden side of the <a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">shahada</a>.</li> <li>Watching one's step (<span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Nazar bar qadam</i></span> - Persian: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">نظر بر قدم</span>): Do not be distracted from purpose of the ultimate journey.</li> <li>Solitude in a crowd (<span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Khalwat dar anjuman</i></span> - Persian: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">خلوت در انجمن</span>): Although journey is outwardly in this world, it is inwardly with God.</li> <li>Temporal pause (<span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Wuquf-i zamāni</i></span> - Persian: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">وقوف زمانی</span>): Keeping account of how one spends his or her time. If time is spent rightfully give thanks and time is spent incorrectly ask for forgiveness.</li> <li>Numerical pause (<span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Wuquf-i adadi</i></span> - Persian: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">وقوف عددی</span>): Checking that the dhikr has been repeated in odd numbers.</li> <li>Heart pause (<span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">Wuquf-i qalbi</i></span> - Persian: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">وقوف قلبی</span>): Forming a mental picture of one's heart with the name of God engraved to emphasize that the heart has no consciousness or goal other than God.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naqshbandi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dahlawi in Maqalaat al Waziyah fi Naseehat al-Wasiyah, page 7 (Lucknow)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sirhindi in Maktubat, Volume 9:173#123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZiad2018" class="citation book cs1">Ziad, Waleed (2018). "From Yarkand to Sindh via Kabul: The Rise of Naqshbandi-Mujaddidi Sufi Networks in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries". <i>The Persianate World: Rethinking a Shared Sphere</i>. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004387287_007">10.1163/9789004387287_007</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004387287" title="Special:BookSources/9789004387287"><bdi>9789004387287</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:197951160">197951160</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Yarkand+to+Sindh+via+Kabul%3A+The+Rise+of+Naqshbandi-Mujaddidi+Sufi+Networks+in+the+Eighteenth+and+Nineteenth+Centuries&rft.btitle=The+Persianate+World%3A+Rethinking+a+Shared+Sphere&rft.pages=165&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A197951160%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004387287_007&rft.isbn=9789004387287&rft.aulast=Ziad&rft.aufirst=Waleed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaqshbandi" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilani,_M.Possamai,_A.Wajdi,_F.2017" class="citation book cs1">Milani, M.; Possamai, A.; Wajdi, F. (2017). "Branding of Spiritual Authenticity and Nationalism in Transnational Sufism". In Michel, P.; Possamai, A.; Turner, B. (eds.). <i>Religions, Nations, and Transnationalism in Multiple Modernities</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. <span class="nowrap">197–</span>220. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F978-1-137-58011-5_10">10.1057/978-1-137-58011-5_10</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-59238-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-59238-5"><bdi>978-1-137-59238-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Branding+of+Spiritual+Authenticity+and+Nationalism+in+Transnational+Sufism&rft.btitle=Religions%2C+Nations%2C+and+Transnationalism+in+Multiple+Modernities&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E197-%3C%2Fspan%3E220&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F978-1-137-58011-5_10&rft.isbn=978-1-137-59238-5&rft.au=Milani%2C+M.&rft.au=Possamai%2C+A.&rft.au=Wajdi%2C+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaqshbandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReimer,_D.1913" class="citation book cs1">Reimer, D. (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_2JAAQAAIAAJ"><i>Die Welt des Islams Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Islamkunde</i></a>. p. 191. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123054544/https://books.google.com/books?id=_2JAAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Welt+des+Islams+Zeitschrift+der+Deutschen+Gesellschaft+f%C3%BCr+Islamkunde&rft.pages=191&rft.date=1913&rft.au=Reimer%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_2JAAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaqshbandi" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZelkina2000" class="citation book cs1">Zelkina, Anna (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=STZbg0WHq20C"><i>Quest for God and Freedom: Sufi Responses to the Russian Advance in the North Caucasus</i></a>. Hurst & Company. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781850653844" title="Special:BookSources/9781850653844"><bdi>9781850653844</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123054546/https://books.google.com/books?id=STZbg0WHq20C">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2022</span>. <q>Excerpt from note 11: "There are some Naqshbandi branches which trace their <a href="/wiki/Silsila" title="Silsila">silsila</a> through Ali ibn Abi Taleb." See Algar, 1972, pp. 191-3; al-Khani, 1308. pg 6</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quest+for+God+and+Freedom%3A+Sufi+Responses+to+the+Russian+Advance+in+the+North+Caucasus&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Hurst+%26+Company&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781850653844&rft.aulast=Zelkina&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSTZbg0WHq20C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaqshbandi" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SufisSaintsBodies-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SufisSaintsBodies_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKugle2007" class="citation book cs1">Kugle, Scott Alan (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HJ1vpC_SeLcC&pg=PA143"><i>Sufis & saints' bodies: Mysticism, Corporeality and Sacred Power in Islam</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_Press" title="University of North Carolina Press">University of North Carolina Press</a>. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-5789-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-5789-2"><bdi>978-0-8078-5789-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161203035822/https://books.google.com/books?id=HJ1vpC_SeLcC&pg=PA143">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sufis+%26+saints%27+bodies%3A+Mysticism%2C+Corporeality+and+Sacred+Power+in+Islam&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-5789-2&rft.aulast=Kugle&rft.aufirst=Scott+Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHJ1vpC_SeLcC%26pg%3DPA143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaqshbandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SupremeCouncil-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SupremeCouncil_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKabbani2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hisham_Kabbani" title="Hisham Kabbani">Kabbani, Muhammad Hisham</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=64U41q5MgLYC"><i>Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition</i></a>. Islamic Supreme Council of America. p. 557. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-930409-23-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-930409-23-0"><bdi>1-930409-23-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123054546/https://books.google.com/books?id=64U41q5MgLYC">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classical+Islam+and+the+Naqshbandi+Sufi+Tradition&rft.pages=557&rft.pub=Islamic+Supreme+Council+of+America&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-930409-23-0&rft.aulast=Kabbani&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Hisham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D64U41q5MgLYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaqshbandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trmingham-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Trmingham_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trmingham_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrimingham1998" class="citation book cs1">Trimingham, J. Spencer (1998). "The Chief Tariqa Lines". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NhXqWLd_AMQC"><i>The Sufi Orders in Islam</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NhXqWLd_AMQC&pg=PA31">31</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198028239" title="Special:BookSources/9780198028239"><bdi>9780198028239</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123054546/https://books.google.com/books?id=NhXqWLd_AMQC">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Chief+Tariqa+Lines&rft.btitle=The+Sufi+Orders+in+Islam&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780198028239&rft.aulast=Trimingham&rft.aufirst=J.+Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNhXqWLd_AMQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaqshbandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEraydın2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Eraydın, Selçuk (2001). <i>Tasavvuf ve Tarikatlar</i> (in Turkish). Marmara Üniversitesi Ilahiyat Vakfi Yayinlari. p. 434. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789755480503" title="Special:BookSources/9789755480503"><bdi>9789755480503</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tasavvuf+ve+Tarikatlar&rft.pages=434&rft.pub=Marmara+%C3%9Cniversitesi+Ilahiyat+Vakfi+Yayinlari&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9789755480503&rft.aulast=Erayd%C4%B1n&rft.aufirst=Sel%C3%A7uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaqshbandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haq-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Haq_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaq1985" class="citation book cs1">Haq, Muhammad M. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n0TYAAAAMAAJ"><i>Some Aspects of the Principle Sufi Orders in India</i></a>. Bangladesh. p. 20. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123054546/https://books.google.com/books?id=n0TYAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Some+Aspects+of+the+Principle+Sufi+Orders+in+India&rft.place=Bangladesh&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Haq&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn0TYAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaqshbandi" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jong-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jong_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jong_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Jong2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">De Jong, Frederick (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iC4KAQAAMAAJ"><i>Sufi Orders in Ottoman and Post-Ottoman Egypt and the Middle East: Collected Studies</i></a>. Vol. 48, Analecta Isisiana. Isis Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789754281781" title="Special:BookSources/9789754281781"><bdi>9789754281781</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123054547/https://books.google.com/books?id=iC4KAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sufi+Orders+in+Ottoman+and+Post-Ottoman+Egypt+and+the+Middle+East%3A+Collected+Studies&rft.pub=Isis+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9789754281781&rft.aulast=De+Jong&rft.aufirst=Frederick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiC4KAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaqshbandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Bruinessen1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Martin_van_Bruinessen" title="Martin van Bruinessen">van Bruinessen, Martin</a> (1994). <i>Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah di Indonesia</i> (in Indonesian). Bandung: Mizan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-433-000-0" title="Special:BookSources/979-433-000-0"><bdi>979-433-000-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tarekat+Naqsyabandiyah+di+Indonesia&rft.place=Bandung&rft.pub=Mizan&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=979-433-000-0&rft.aulast=van+Bruinessen&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaqshbandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VersteeghEid2005-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VersteeghEid2005_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKees_VersteeghMushira_Eid2005" class="citation book cs1">Kees Versteegh; Mushira Eid (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SuNiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA380"><i>Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics: A-Ed</i></a>. Brill. p. 380]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-14473-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-14473-6"><bdi>978-90-04-14473-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161203022956/https://books.google.com/books?id=SuNiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA380">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Arabic+Language+and+Linguistics%3A+A-Ed&rft.pages=380&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-90-04-14473-6&rft.au=Kees+Versteegh&rft.au=Mushira+Eid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSuNiAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaqshbandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:6_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Bruinessen1986" class="citation conference cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_van_Bruinessen" title="Martin van Bruinessen">van Bruinessen, Martin</a> (15 August 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/10965366"><i>The Naqshbandi Order as a Vehicle of Political Protest among the Kurds (With Some Comparative Notes on Indonesia)</i></a>. New Approaches in Islamic Studies. Jakarta: <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Institute_of_Sciences" title="Indonesian Institute of Sciences">Indonesian Institute of Sciences</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>3 – via <a href="/wiki/Academia.edu" title="Academia.edu">Academia.edu</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+Naqshbandi+Order+as+a+Vehicle+of+Political+Protest+among+the+Kurds+%28With+Some+Comparative+Notes+on+Indonesia%29&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pub=Indonesian+Institute+of+Sciences&rft.date=1986-08-15&rft.aulast=van+Bruinessen&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F10965366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaqshbandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mecfoundation.org.au/corporate/mahmud-esad-cosan/">"Prof. Mahmud Es'ad Cosan – MEC Foundation"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prof.+Mahmud+Es%E2%80%99ad+Cosan+%E2%80%93+MEC+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mecfoundation.org.au%2Fcorporate%2Fmahmud-esad-cosan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaqshbandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPress2014" class="citation news cs1">Press, The Associated (9 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/08/world/europe/sheikh-nazim-spiritual-leader-to-sufis-dies-at-92.html">"Sheikh Nazim, Spiritual Leader to Sufis, Dies at 92"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sheikh+Nazim%2C+Spiritual+Leader+to+Sufis%2C+Dies+at+92&rft.date=2014-05-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Press&rft.aufirst=The+Associated&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F05%2F08%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fsheikh-nazim-spiritual-leader-to-sufis-dies-at-92.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaqshbandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://nurmuhammad.com/11-principles-of-the-naqshbandiyatul-aliya-sufi-order/">https://nurmuhammad.com/11-principles-of-the-naqshbandiyatul-aliya-sufi-order/</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naqshbandi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlgar,_Hamid1998" class="citation book cs1">Algar, Hamid (1998). <i>Sufism: Principles and Practice</i>. Islamic Publications International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-889999-02-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-889999-02-4"><bdi>1-889999-02-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sufism%3A+Principles+and+Practice&rft.pub=Islamic+Publications+International&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-889999-02-4&rft.au=Algar%2C+Hamid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaqshbandi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett,_John_G.1995" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, John G. (1995). <i>The Masters of Wisdom</i>. Bennett Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-881408-01-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-881408-01-9"><bdi>1-881408-01-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Masters+of+Wisdom&rft.pub=Bennett+Books&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-881408-01-9&rft.au=Bennett%2C+John+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaqshbandi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Clayer, Nathalie, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0159-2011050932">Muslim Brotherhood Networks</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_History_Online" title="European History Online">European History Online</a>, Mainz: <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_European_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of European History">Institute of European History</a>, 2011, retrieved: 23 May 2011.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFItzchak_Weismann2007" class="citation book cs1">Itzchak Weismann (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nPL7p8id6Y8C"><i>The Naqshbandiyya: Orthodoxy and Activism in a Worldwide Sufi Tradition</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-32243-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-32243-0"><bdi>978-0-415-32243-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Naqshbandiyya%3A+Orthodoxy+and+Activism+in+a+Worldwide+Sufi+Tradition&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-415-32243-0&rft.au=Itzchak+Weismann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnPL7p8id6Y8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaqshbandi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheikh_Hisham_Kabbani1995" class="citation book cs1">Sheikh Hisham Kabbani (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fX03AAAACAAJ&q=%22The+Naqshbandi+Sufi+Way+History+and+Guide+Book+of+the+Saints+of+the+Golden+Chain%22."><i>The Naqshbandi Sufi Way History and Guidebook of the Saints of the Golden Chain</i></a>. [kaza publications inc]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780934905343" title="Special:BookSources/9780934905343"><bdi>9780934905343</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Naqshbandi+Sufi+Way+History+and+Guidebook+of+the+Saints+of+the+Golden+Chain&rft.pub=%5Bkaza+publications+inc%5D&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780934905343&rft.au=Sheikh+Hisham+Kabbani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfX03AAAACAAJ%26q%3D%2522The%2BNaqshbandi%2BSufi%2BWay%2BHistory%2Band%2BGuide%2BBook%2Bof%2Bthe%2BSaints%2Bof%2Bthe%2BGolden%2BChain%2522.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaqshbandi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carnegieendowment.org/files/cp84_olcott_final2.pdf">Sufism in Central Asia</a> A Force for Moderation or a Cause of Politicization? By Martha Brill Olcott.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naqshbandi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Naqshbandi_order" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Naqshbandi order">Naqshbandi order</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sufism200" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:gold; white-space:nowrap; font-size:100%; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sufi" title="Template:Sufi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sufi" title="Template talk:Sufi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sufi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sufi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sufism200" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; white-space:nowrap; font-size:100%; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufi_orders" title="List of Sufi orders">Sufi orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Qadiriyya" title="Qadiriyya">Qadiriyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Gilani" title="Abdul Qadir Gilani">'Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chishtiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Chishtiyya">Chishtiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Mu%27in_al-Din_Chishti" title="Mu'in al-Din Chishti">Mu'in al-Din Chishti</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Naqshbandiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Naqshbandiyya">Naqshbandiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Baha%27_al-Din_Naqshband" title="Baha' al-Din Naqshband">Baha' al-Din Naqshband</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Suhrawardiyya" title="Suhrawardiyya">Suhrawardiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_%27Umar_al-Suhrawardi" title="Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi">Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rifa%27iyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifa'iyya">Rifa'iyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Rifa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Rifa'i">Ahmad al-Rifa'i</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Badawiyya" title="Badawiyya">Badawiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Badawi" title="Ahmad al-Badawi">Ahmad al-Badawi</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Desuqiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Desuqiyya">Desuqiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Desuqi" title="Ibrahim al-Desuqi">Ibrahim al-Desuqi</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shadhiliyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadhiliyya">Shadhiliyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Shadhili" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili">Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Akbariyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Akbariyya">Akbariyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arabi" title="Ibn Arabi">Ibn Arabi</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Khalwatiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalwatiyya">Khalwatiyya</a></b> <small>('Umar al-Khalwati)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rahmaniyya" title="Rahmaniyya">Rahmaniyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Sidi_M%27hamed_Bou_Qobrine" title="Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine">Muhammad b. 'Abd al-Rahman al-Azhari</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bayramiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayramiyya">Bayramiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Bayram_Wali" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayram Wali">Bayram Wali</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ba_%27Alawiyya" title="Ba 'Alawiyya">Ba 'Alawiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Faqih_al-Muqaddam" title="Muhammad al-Faqih al-Muqaddam">Muhammad ibn 'Ali Ba 'Alawi</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tijaniyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Tijaniyya">Tijaniyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Tijani" title="Ahmad al-Tijani">Ahmad al-Tijani</a>)</small></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Idrisiyya" title="Idrisiyya">Idrisiyya</a></b> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Idris_al-Fasi" title="Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi">Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maghribi_Kufic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Maghribi_Kufic.jpg/150px-Maghribi_Kufic.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Maghribi_Kufic.jpg/225px-Maghribi_Kufic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Maghribi_Kufic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="328" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; white-space:nowrap; font-size:100%; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">Dhikr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B8%8Dra" title="Haḍra">Haḍra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">Zuhd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyarat" title="Ziyarat">Ziyarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muraqabah" title="Muraqabah">Muraqabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqwa" title="Taqwa">Taqwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazkiyah" title="Tazkiyah">Tazkiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawassul" title="Tawassul">Tawassul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barakah" title="Barakah">Tabarruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawakkul" title="Tawakkul">Tawakkul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; white-space:nowrap; font-size:100%; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;width:1%">Ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ihsan" title="Ihsan">Ihsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wajd" title="Wajd">Wajd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashf" title="Kashf">Kashf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamat" title="Karamat">Karamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C5%ABr_(Islam)" title="Nūr (Islam)">Nūr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhawq" title="Dhawq">Dhawq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishq" title="Ishq">Ishq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murid" title="Murid">Murid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salik" title="Salik">Salik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_studies" title="Sufi studies">Sufi studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi poetry">Sufi poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_philosophy" title="Sufi philosophy">Sufi philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; white-space:nowrap; font-size:100%; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sufi_literature" title="Sufi literature">Sufi literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Risala_al-Qushayriyya" title="Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya">Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilyat_al-Awliya%27" title="Hilyat al-Awliya'">Hilyat al-Awliya'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashf_al-Mahjub" title="Kashf al-Mahjub">Kashf al-Mahjub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Alchemy_of_Happiness" title="The Alchemy of Happiness">The Alchemy of Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revival_of_the_Religious_Sciences" title="The Revival of the Religious Sciences">The Revival of the Religious Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Burda" title="Al-Burda">Al-Burda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dala%27il_al-Khayrat" title="Dala'il al-Khayrat">Dala'il al-Khayrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazail-e-Amaal" title="Fazail-e-Amaal">Fadha'il al-'Amal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold; white-space:nowrap; font-size:100%; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sufis" title="List of Sufis">Notable Sufis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd AH/8th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Basri" title="Hasan al-Basri">Al-Hasan al-Basri</a> (d. 110 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_ibn_Dinar" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik ibn Dinar">Malik ibn Dinar</a> (d. 128 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_Adham" title="Ibrahim ibn Adham">Ibrahim ibn Adham</a> (d. 160 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufyan_al-Thawri" title="Sufyan al-Thawri">Sufyan al-Thawri</a> (d. 161 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawud_al-Ta%27i" title="Dawud al-Ta'i">Dawud al-Ta'i</a> (d. 165 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Wahid_ibn_Zaid" title="Abd al-Wahid ibn Zaid">'Abd al-Wahid ibn Zaid</a> (d. 177 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabia_of_Basra" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabia of Basra">Rabi'a al-'Adawiyya</a> (d. 180 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Mubarak">Ibn al-Mubarak</a> (d. 181 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fudayl_ibn_%27Iyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Fudayl ibn 'Iyad">Al-Fudayl ibn 'Iyad</a> (d. 188 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaqiq_al-Balkhi" title="Shaqiq al-Balkhi">Shaqiq al-Balkhi</a> (d. 194 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ruf_al-Karkhi" title="Ma'ruf al-Karkhi">Ma'ruf al-Karkhi</a> (d. 200 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd AH/9th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Darani" title="Al-Darani">Al-Darani</a> (d. 205 or 215 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishr_al-Hafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishr al-Hafi">Bishr al-Hafi</a> (d. 227 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Harith_al-Muhasibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Harith al-Muhasibi">Al-Harith al-Muhasibi</a> (d. 243 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Nun_al-Misri" title="Dhul-Nun al-Misri">Dhul-Nun al-Misri</a> (d. 245 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sari_al-Saqati" title="Sari al-Saqati">Sari al-Saqati</a> (d. 253 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Mu%27adh_al-Razi" title="Yahya ibn Mu'adh al-Razi">Yahya ibn Mu'adh al-Razi</a> (d. 258 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_al-Kharraz" title="Abu Sa'id al-Kharraz">Abu Sa'id al-Kharraz</a> (d. 277 or 286 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahl_al-Tustari" title="Sahl al-Tustari">Sahl al-Tustari</a> (d. 283 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Tirmidhi" title="Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi">Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi</a> (d. 295 or 320 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Husain_al-Nuri" title="Abu al-Husain al-Nuri">Abu al-Husain al-Nuri</a> (d. 295 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th AH/10th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruwaym" title="Ruwaym">Ruwaym</a> (d. 303 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Shibli" title="Abu Bakr al-Shibli">Abu Bakr al-Shibli</a> (d. 334 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Talib_al-Makki" title="Abu Talib al-Makki">Abu Talib al-Makki</a> (d. 386 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Kalabadhi" title="Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi">Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi</a> (d. 380 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFE4E1">Sufi leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi</a> (d. 589 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kb%C3%B6ri" title="Gökböri">Muzaffar al-Din Gökböri</a> (d. 630 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Abu_al-Haggag" title="Yusuf Abu al-Haggag">Yusuf Abu al-Haggag</a> (d. 642 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Muhammad al-Fateh</a> (d. 886 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> (d. 1118 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazl-e-Haq_Khairabadi" title="Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi">Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi</a> (d. 1277 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah Zafar</a> (d. 1278 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam_Shamil" title="Imam Shamil">Imam Shamil</a> (d. 1287 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_Abdelkader" title="Emir Abdelkader">Emir Abdel-Kader</a> (d. 1300 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ahmad" title="Muhammad Ahmad">Muhammad Ahmad</a> (d. 1302/1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Mukhtar" title="Omar al-Mukhtar">Omar al-Mukhtar</a> (d. 1350 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam">'Izz al-Din al-Qassam</a> (d. 1354 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:gold; white-space:nowrap; font-size:100%; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/21px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/32px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/42px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/18px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/28px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/36px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diploma_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/19px-Diploma_icon.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/29px-Diploma_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Diploma_icon.png/38px-Diploma_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Education">Education</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/19px-Psi2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/29px-Psi2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/38px-Psi2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Psychology" title="Portal:Psychology">Psychology</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32078#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2320" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32078#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2320" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32078#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Al-ṭarīqaẗ al-Naqšbandiyyaẗ"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/214151594516505352635">VIAF</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Naqshabandīyah"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1032725/">FAST</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Naqšbandīya"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2120538-3">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Naqshabandīyah"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85089787">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Naqšabandīyah"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13163508v">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Naqšabandīyah"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13163508v">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007558259005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Naqšabandīyah"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031981119">IdRef</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="NAKŞİBENDİYYE"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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