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class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Bartlomiej Secler</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://amu.academia.edu/">Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://amu.academia.edu/Departments/AMU_Faculty_of_Political_Science_and_Journalism/Documents">AMU Faculty of Political Science and Journalism</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Post-Doc</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Bartlomiej" data-follow-user-id="1940517" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button 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Umultowska 89 A, 61-614 Poznań, e-mail: bartlomiej.secler@amu.edu.pl<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://ucsb.academia.edu/JudithGreen"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Judith L Green" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/10819/3653/21016275/s200_judith.green.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" 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class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="nav-container backbone-profile-documents-nav hidden-xs"><ul class="nav-tablist" role="tablist"><li class="nav-chip active" role="presentation"><a data-section-name="" data-toggle="tab" href="#all" role="tab">all</a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" title="Papers"><span>59</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Papers</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Drafts" data-toggle="tab" href="#drafts" role="tab" title="Drafts"><span>1</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Drafts</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Books" data-toggle="tab" href="#books" role="tab" title="Books"><span>2</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Books</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Bartlomiej Secler</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="118170753"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/118170753/Postawy_polskich_dziennikarzy_wobec_aktor%C3%B3w_politycznych_badania_empiryczne"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Postawy polskich dziennikarzy wobec aktorów politycznych: badania empiryczne" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113859614/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/118170753/Postawy_polskich_dziennikarzy_wobec_aktor%C3%B3w_politycznych_badania_empiryczne">Postawy polskich dziennikarzy wobec aktorów politycznych: badania empiryczne</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Przegląd Politologiczny</span><span>, Mar 15, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Postawy polskich dziennikarzy wobec aktorów politycznych: badania empiryczne 1 Streszczenie: Cele...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Postawy polskich dziennikarzy wobec aktorów politycznych: badania empiryczne 1 Streszczenie: Celem artykułu jest zestawienie postaw polskich dziennikarzy wobec aktorów politycznych deklarowanych w ankietach (role perception) z faktycznymi działaniami podejmowanymi przez dziennikarzy wobec polityków w przygotowywanych przez nich materiałach informacyjnych (role performance). Wyniki badań ankietowych ujawniają istotne różnice pomiędzy poszczególnymi pokoleniami polskich dziennikarzy. Z rolą watchodoga utożsamia się przede wszystkim pokolenie podejmujące pracę w okresie zmiany ustrojowej, podczas gdy najmłodsze pokolenie-choć uważa tę rolę mediów za ważną-samo nie jest zainteresowane jej pełnieniem. Analiza zawartości mediów potwierdza dużą wagę przywiązywaną przez polskich dziennikarzy do monitorowania działalności prowadzonej przez aktorów politycznych. Badania dostarczają jednocześnie danych potwierdzających wysoki poziom paralelizmu politycznego polskiego systemu medialnego. Słowa kluczowe: dziennikarze, aktorzy polityczni, postawy, poglądy polityczne, model watchdoga Wprowadzenie P odstawą badań nad relacjami dziennikarzy i aktorów politycznych były przez wiele lat koncepcje takie jak cztery teorie prasy (Siebert, Peterson, Schramm, 1956), czy też koncepcja czterech wymiarów powiązań mediów z polityką (Blumer, Gurevitch, 1995). Współcześnie badacze posiłkują się głównie koncepcją trzech modeli mediów i polityki w ujęciu porównawczym sformułowaną przez D. Hallina i P. Manciniego w pracy opublikowanej w 2004 r. Co prawda, nie wszyscy zgadzają się z przypisaniem do poszczególnych modeli (liberalnego, demokratycznego korporacjonizmu i spolaryzowanego pluralizmu) określonych państw (Brüggemann, Engesser, Büchel, Humprecht, Castro, 2014), niemniej jest to praca stanowiąca punkt odniesienia dla szeregu nowych badań nad relacją pomiędzy systemem politycznym a systemem medialnym (Dobek-Ostrowska, 2010; 2011; 2012), również tych prowadzonych ponownie pod kierunkiem D. Hallina i P. Manciniego (2012). Jednym z kluczowych pojęć tej koncepcji jest paralelizm polityczny-rozszerzona koncepcja paralelizmu partyjno-medialnego, o którym pisali już wcześniej C. Seymour-Ure (1974) oraz J. G. Blumer i M. Gurevitch (1975), czyli stopień odzwierciedlenia systemu politycznego przez system medialny (Hallin, Mancini, 2007, s. 26-30). Paralelizm polityczny-w ujęciu D. Hallina i P. Manciniego-przejawia się w zawartości mediów, połączeniu organizacyjnym pomiędzy mediami i partiami politycznymi, skłonności pracowników do podejmowania aktywności w sferze politycznej lub podejmowania przez</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="021bcdc71fdabe95b32bbdd2777f7c4c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113859614,"asset_id":118170753,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113859614/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="118170753"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="118170753"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 118170753; 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Konteksty, problemy, wyzwania" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113859558/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/118170732/Oblicza_wsp%C3%B3%C5%82czesnej_komunikacji_Konteksty_problemy_wyzwania">Oblicza współczesnej komunikacji. Konteksty, problemy, wyzwania</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Public diplomacy is one of the soft power tools, implemented by superpowers, midsize and small co...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Public diplomacy is one of the soft power tools, implemented by superpowers, midsize and small countries globally. It became an element of foreign policy strategy of democratic and authoritarian regimes. Its new form – new public diplomacy – has been developed since about 15 years. The growing role of non state actors of international relations and external political communication and new technologies and tools of communication contributed a lot to the change in public diplomacy conduct. Networking, dialogue and intermestic context define the model of the new public diplomacy within the frame of open political and media systems. The former closed and latent diplomacy turned to open and public form, with much potential of benefits for all its stakeholders. The author analyses public diplomacy in the strategic communication context. She suggests an “oxymoron test” to evaluate the openness, networking character and symmetry of public diplomacy in the given case. K E Y WO R D S : P U B ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d5251857a937f3f90677cf80dda5c359" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113859558,"asset_id":118170732,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113859558/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="118170732"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="118170732"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 118170732; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=118170732]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=118170732]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 118170732; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='118170732']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d5251857a937f3f90677cf80dda5c359" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=118170732]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":118170732,"title":"Oblicza współczesnej komunikacji. 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Śledząc, nawet pobieżnie, związki pomiędzy religią a polityką trudno odrzucić pogląd, że relacja ta była i jest pozbawiona pierwiastka "boskiego". Niesłuszne okazały się dziewiętnastowieczne przypuszczenia, że wraz z nastaniem społeczeństwa przemysłowego, religia będzie tracić na znaczeniu. Za Pippą Norris i Ronaldem Inglehartem można powiedzieć, że poglądy o "śmierci religii" i postępującej sekularyzacji są w ostatnich kilkudziesięciu latach przedmiotem dość dużej krytyki. Co więcej, często przytacza się argumenty świadczące o sile i witalności religii 2 oddziałującej na różne sfery życia jednostki czy jej implementacji w zasady życia społeczno-politycznego. Rozważania o relacji pomiędzy religią a polityką przynoszą pytanie o genezę politycznego uwikłania religii oraz działań politycznych inspirowanych religią. W celu zapewnienia wolności religii od państwa bądź wolności państwa od religii, konieczne są działania zmierzające do oddzielenia jej od państwa lub zniesienia religii państwowej 3. Działania takie nie powodują jednak, że polityka nie wnika w sferę religii, a religia w sferę polityki 4. Problem ten widać chociażby przy okazji wyborów politycznych w perspektywie wpływu religii i religijności na zachowania i preferencje wyborcze czy poziom frekwencji wyborczej. To właśnie refleksja nad znaczeniem oraz wpływem religii i religijności na częstotliwość wyborczą Polaków jest przedmiotem niniejszego tekstu. W dociekaniach naukowych, jak również w medialnych sondażach opinii podejmowane są częste próby badania preferencji politycznych wyborców oraz określania ja</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="905e107baef608989c45a1af7b4348b0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89138904,"asset_id":83957800,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138904/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83957800"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83957800"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957800; 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Motywacje, oczekiwania i plany zawodowe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138909/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957799/Studenci_dziennikarstwa_i_komunikacji_spo%C5%82ecznej_w_Polsce_Motywacje_oczekiwania_i_plany_zawodowe">Studenci dziennikarstwa i komunikacji społecznej w Polsce. Motywacje, oczekiwania i plany zawodowe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">]. 2 Odsetek dla kierunku prawo wynosi 97%. Na trzecim miejscu by kierunek górnictwo (geologia): ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">]. 2 Odsetek dla kierunku prawo wynosi 97%. Na trzecim miejscu by kierunek górnictwo (geologia): 94%, a na kolejnych: gospodarka przestrzenna (93%) oraz Þ nanse i rachunkowo (92%). Zob. Szkolnictwo wy sze w Polsce-raport GUS,</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d2221d0b05075e6e5569d49f00a1f91c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89138909,"asset_id":83957799,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138909/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83957799"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83957799"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957799; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83957799]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83957799]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957799; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83957799']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d2221d0b05075e6e5569d49f00a1f91c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83957799]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83957799,"title":"Studenci dziennikarstwa i komunikacji społecznej w Polsce. 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The paper focuses on the trends and shifts in the journalitists’ motivations and roles perception that have been occurring in the last four decades. The findings show that since the transformation period in the late 1989s and early 1990s, Polish journalists seem to be more individualistic and professional-oriented than social and altruist-oriented. The contemporary model of the Polish journalism built upon journalists’ declarations on the media roles is a combination of the news-provider and a forum of a broad spectrum of the political opinion presentation – oriented model, with a watchdog – style journalism. Traditional roles of the Polish journalists, such as education and motivation of the citizens, seem to be of the secondary importance for the media people today</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d2882369fb9662f9517c8ff56bcd967a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89138911,"asset_id":83957798,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138911/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83957798"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83957798"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957798; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83957798]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83957798]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957798; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83957798']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d2882369fb9662f9517c8ff56bcd967a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83957798]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83957798,"title":"Zmiany motywów wyboru zawodu dziennikarskiego w Polsce","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83957798/Zmiany_motyw%C3%B3w_wyboru_zawodu_dziennikarskiego_w_Polsce","owner_id":1940517,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":1940517,"first_name":"Bartlomiej","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Secler","page_name":"BartlomiejSecler","domain_name":"amu","created_at":"2012-06-13T03:32:07.700-07:00","display_name":"Bartlomiej Secler","url":"https://amu.academia.edu/BartlomiejSecler"},"attachments":[{"id":89138911,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138911/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"8179.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138911/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Zmiany_motywow_wyboru_zawodu_dziennikars.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/89138911/8179-libre.pdf?1659245800=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DZmiany_motywow_wyboru_zawodu_dziennikars.pdf\u0026Expires=1739821349\u0026Signature=BTzXSTyq~IuLgV0eafWYUhiXF8K90gHkU-5hfH0e-QASbiVv7mUA4MfeFDBzraVwBYBnLf-cW8R25WOruztafYpqEjh3nmt0EeYpTth~h1EuihspM8B62UjhFzeSbPJw2Y2PgTdEoLd5FDcUzrUUEjtJtab9yWzrZGlHrPhFFkkGjqzHGu5-8Tz-r0zkE3bENuGkruJStPlokQ0zclAS1i9yTs~TxZG1dKvl46phOczv53lMR2AzEaJZOsPORDE2D~JsQmKX7hrCa4yQSKIM3NPz~jalFjMaSBOK2QGLNmWRk52P1OiAh0VvQVv-HREHluiwbZddf9ejrzO5Mt1ZvA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83957797"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957797/Sejmowe_komisje_%C5%9Aledcze_w_systemie_politycznym_RP_Bilans_dotychczasowych_do%C5%9Bwiadcze%C5%84"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sejmowe komisje Śledcze w systemie politycznym RP. Bilans dotychczasowych doświadczeń" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138902/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957797/Sejmowe_komisje_%C5%9Aledcze_w_systemie_politycznym_RP_Bilans_dotychczasowych_do%C5%9Bwiadcze%C5%84">Sejmowe komisje Śledcze w systemie politycznym RP. Bilans dotychczasowych doświadczeń</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Sejmowe komisje OEledcze w systemie politycznym RP. Bilans dotychczasowych dooewiadczeñ Wprowadze...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Sejmowe komisje OEledcze w systemie politycznym RP. Bilans dotychczasowych dooewiadczeñ Wprowadzenie J edn¹ z zasadniczych funkcji parlamentu jest funkcja kontrolna. Jak za- uwa¿a Bogus³aw Banaszak, w nauce prawa konstytucyjnego wskazuje siê czêsto na ró¿nice miêdzy wê¿szym i szerszym pojêciem kontroli parlamentarnej (Banaszak, 2008, s. 113). W ujêciu wê¿szym kontrola ta sprowadza siê zarówno do analizy rzeczywistych dzia³añ w³adzy wykonawczej, jak i oceny ich efektywnooeci i legalnooeci. Natomiast drugie ujêcie adresowane jest do jednostek kontrolowanych przy jednoczesnym formu³owaniu postulatów maj¹cych na celu korygowanie ich przysz³ych dzia³añ (Banaszak, 2008, s. 113). O zakresie i formie wype³niania przez parlament funkcji kontrolnej decyduje w du¿ym stopniu system rz¹dów. Nale¿y mieae na uwadze, i¿ kontrola ta warunkowana jest systemem wzajemnych powi¹zañ miêdzy organami pañstwa, które sprawuj¹ okreoelone funkcje w ramach poszczególnych w³adz. Zdaniem Marii Kruk "im dalej id¹ca specjalizacja i rozdzielanie ich funkcji, jak np. w przypadku systemu prezydenckiego, opartego na dooeae rygorystycznym podziale w³adz […], tym bardziej ciê¿ar kontroli przenosi siê wprost na suwerena, który bezpooerednio powo³uje w³adzê wykonawcz¹ i bezpooerednio j¹ kontroluje" (Kruk, 2008, s. 9). Z kolei w systemie parlamentarnym, jak równie¿ systemach pochodnych -np. kanclerskim -czy mieszanych, zasadnicze mechanizmy ich funkcjonowania staj¹ siê, jak pisze M. Kruk, "samoistnymi Ÿród-³ami funkcji kontrolnej parlamentu, skierowanej na dzia³alnooeae rz¹du i administracji rz¹dowej" (Kruk, 2008, s. 10). Konstytucja RP z 1997 r. powierzy³a wykonywanie funkcji kontrolnej Sejmowi RP. Art. 95 ust. 2 stanowi, ¿e to w³aoenie Sejm sprawuje kontrolê nad dzia³alnooeci¹ Rady Ministrów w zakresie okreoelonym przepisami ustawy zasadniczej i innych ustaw. Woeród najwa¿niejszych form kontroli sejmowej nale¿y wskazaae: wotum nieufnooeci wobec Rady Ministrów lub poszczególnych ministrów, interpelacje i zapytania poselskie, kontrola</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bb3eb77c32a2ac8c85dfa84c0b7b6ca9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89138902,"asset_id":83957797,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138902/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83957797"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83957797"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957797; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83957797]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83957797]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957797; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83957797']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bb3eb77c32a2ac8c85dfa84c0b7b6ca9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83957797]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83957797,"title":"Sejmowe komisje Śledcze w systemie politycznym RP. Bilans dotychczasowych doświadczeń","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83957797/Sejmowe_komisje_%C5%9Aledcze_w_systemie_politycznym_RP_Bilans_dotychczasowych_do%C5%9Bwiadcze%C5%84","owner_id":1940517,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":1940517,"first_name":"Bartlomiej","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Secler","page_name":"BartlomiejSecler","domain_name":"amu","created_at":"2012-06-13T03:32:07.700-07:00","display_name":"Bartlomiej Secler","url":"https://amu.academia.edu/BartlomiejSecler"},"attachments":[{"id":89138902,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138902/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"10744.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138902/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Sejmowe_komisje_Sledcze_w_systemie_polit.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/89138902/10744-libre.pdf?1659245799=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSejmowe_komisje_Sledcze_w_systemie_polit.pdf\u0026Expires=1739757268\u0026Signature=PjRzDYbz9R1ArCmbvoUdpoiwy-nkayWK9aMTWdreTKPywRIC2mwaZLP1B7LyWvX2gXIzolfGqB4pyKrPzw90fXQMGpyRe0JQM4b1ElzTgVIhHtFkiVqetE2Egd2jtzWd3CFOPbrHSRWy5AqsLQiaXaENyviJTMfTIC6v5ur5pisqQXQNPeym0tw~5sjYViFZzUIgjkbGJ0uyAI0KIv7PMC7o1IwbB7kXetOc3IZv3niZq8FKZDcvISKOSyScUO9QD2MWfsSa1od2eczCrKtqgrX8uUe3iIZmZWqy1oowemHdkI8KKOKCv4qpHL~qEDVdS~oftc6megHTLrZdIO2PWw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":89138903,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138903/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"10744.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138903/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Sejmowe_komisje_Sledcze_w_systemie_polit.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/89138903/10744-libre.pdf?1659245796=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSejmowe_komisje_Sledcze_w_systemie_polit.pdf\u0026Expires=1739757268\u0026Signature=gv4yr3udmPrPg-0XLZBTq40LGWMAvspgCZtmdS5u9sKNAQUqBCPgvqoDd4k1ywCkPwaG8hYyYiiMKlwnxI1f9NbjYA1MnOJWW8OxckNruShQuHXEQRgpQ9qhrq3Ui2FVKIGHzduB8TXOTR03yYqR95tLJgeEtJFAfn0GBnVVIsvqtSGsr7Njg2a~TODHKGuW8jeBUMm~3bDnVRVWW-jlHvBuUBb-uOXICZ6kWIyu893Db4Po3Xv573105DuXLlK0mYIQPaQLTFlPm3SUVyNuflMMSAgMSBvKPRot8Nde9Mt7uvP0zPsXFIvqOrQhJ5MuCI7Fjc~xsn~cyEicv8sxkg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83957796"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957796/Journalistic_role_performance_in_Poland"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Journalistic role performance in Poland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138901/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957796/Journalistic_role_performance_in_Poland">Journalistic role performance in Poland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Several research projects in the last decade have been devoted to studying professional role perc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Several research projects in the last decade have been devoted to studying professional role perception among Polish journalists. Still less is known about how different ideals of professional roles affect journalistic role performance. This paper aims to present the findings of the content analysis of 1,130 news stories published in four Polish newspapers in 2012 and 2013. The study was a part of the international research project: Journalistic Role Performance Around the Globe (led by Prof. Claudia Mellado from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, in Chile and Lea Hellmueller, from Texas States University, <a href="http://www.journalisticperformance.org" rel="nofollow">www.journalisticperformance.org</a>). The results indicate that the watchdog model is most commonly used in the Polish press, followed by the infotainment and civic models. However, the findings of the content analysis primarily support the general observation on the political orientations of the Polish newspapers and political parallelism of the Polish media system.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="707e2d3c7b0e10ea7bd21abf0e6f229d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89138901,"asset_id":83957796,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138901/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83957796"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83957796"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957796; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83957795"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957795/Separatist_and_autonomous_tendencies_in_modern_Italy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Separatist and autonomous tendencies in modern Italy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138914/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957795/Separatist_and_autonomous_tendencies_in_modern_Italy">Separatist and autonomous tendencies in modern Italy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Review of Nationalities</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The article focuses on the autonomous and separatist pursuits that occur in present day Italy. Th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The article focuses on the autonomous and separatist pursuits that occur in present day Italy. The work was inspired by the consultative referendums of 2017 in the regions of Veneto and Lombardia. Their aim was to give the residents a chance to express their views regarding the possible expansion of the autonomy of these two administrative units. As a result of the plebiscites, a significant majority voted for the expansion of the autonomy, which might trigger the pursuit of more permissions for the regions. One has to remember that in accordance with the constitution, Italy is a unanimous and non-divisible state. However, this does not mean that presently (as well as in the future) there are no separatist and autonomous tendencies. The tendencies have historical, economical, cultural, social or political reasons. The aim of the article is to analyze these tendencies on the basis subject literature and sources.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="83925af2d919de9c3bbf514e478121bb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89138914,"asset_id":83957795,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138914/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83957795"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83957795"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957795; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83957794"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957794/Twenty_years_of_diplomatic_relations_between_Vatican_City_state_and_Israel"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Twenty years of diplomatic relations between Vatican City state and Israel" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138913/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957794/Twenty_years_of_diplomatic_relations_between_Vatican_City_state_and_Israel">Twenty years of diplomatic relations between Vatican City state and Israel</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Review of Nationalities</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Basic Agreement concluded between the Vatican City State and Israel in 1993 was an important step...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Basic Agreement concluded between the Vatican City State and Israel in 1993 was an important step for the establishment of diplomatic relations. The conclusion of this Agreement is not a question of interreligious and diplomatic, which was associated with the efforts of the Vatican normalization of political relations with various countries. The author has analyzed the document and assess the relations in the perspective of twenty years. He also pointed to the fundamental problems in bilateral relations, and presented an assessment of contemporary relationships. The challenge for the future relations both states will be a consequence of the recognition in 2015 by the Vatican City State independence of Palestine.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e3299be185531f7d1930c6245457f8b5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89138913,"asset_id":83957794,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138913/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83957794"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83957794"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957794; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83957793"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957793/Konfliktowe_rocznice_wymiar_mi%C4%99dzynarodowy_polskiej_polityki_pami%C4%99ci_na_przyk%C5%82adzie_wybranych_uchwa%C5%82_rocznicowych_Sejmu_Rzeczypospolitej_Polskiej"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Konfliktowe rocznice – wymiar międzynarodowy polskiej polityki pamięci na przykładzie wybranych uchwał rocznicowych Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957793/Konfliktowe_rocznice_wymiar_mi%C4%99dzynarodowy_polskiej_polityki_pami%C4%99ci_na_przyk%C5%82adzie_wybranych_uchwa%C5%82_rocznicowych_Sejmu_Rzeczypospolitej_Polskiej">Konfliktowe rocznice – wymiar międzynarodowy polskiej polityki pamięci na przykładzie wybranych uchwał rocznicowych Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Przegląd Humanistyczny</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The main purpose of the article is to analyze the international dimension of the Polish politics ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The main purpose of the article is to analyze the international dimension of the Polish politics of memory executed by commemorative and anniversary resolutions of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland. The adopted resolutions are often sources of conflicts and disputes, which translate into interstate divisions. They also have a negative impact on the relations with other states. The examples of such disputes were discussions on resolutions relating to the seventieth anniversary of the Soviet aggression against Poland (2009) and the seventy third anniversary of the Volhynia massacre (2016). In this essay I make an attempt, among other things, to reconstruct and evaluate them.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83957793"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83957793"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957793; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83957793]").text(description); 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} }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83957792"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957792/Ksi%C4%85dz_J%C3%B3zef_Tischner_jako_osobowo%C5%9B%C4%87_medialna"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ksiądz Józef Tischner jako osobowość medialna" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138912/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957792/Ksi%C4%85dz_J%C3%B3zef_Tischner_jako_osobowo%C5%9B%C4%87_medialna">Ksiądz Józef Tischner jako osobowość medialna</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c2415c00651c77c691921394ea89322e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89138912,"asset_id":83957792,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138912/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83957792"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83957792"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957792; 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Przykład prasy w Polsce" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138897/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957787/Model_dziennikarstwa_zorientowany_na_obywateli_w_perspektywie_paradygmatu_spo%C5%82ecznej_odpowiedzialno%C5%9Bci_medi%C3%B3w_Przyk%C5%82ad_prasy_w_Polsce">Model dziennikarstwa zorientowany na obywateli w perspektywie paradygmatu społecznej odpowiedzialności mediów. Przykład prasy w Polsce</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3875b1673a6781b59b2711ccad6767f2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89138897,"asset_id":83957787,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138897/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83957787"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83957787"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957787; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83957787]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83957787]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957787; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83957787']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3875b1673a6781b59b2711ccad6767f2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83957787]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83957787,"title":"Model dziennikarstwa zorientowany na obywateli w perspektywie paradygmatu społecznej odpowiedzialności mediów. 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Example of Resolutions Commemorating the 70th and 80th Anniversaries of the Outbreak of the Second World War Historical anniversaries generate breakthroughs, mark systemic and political turns, and remind us of the events and characters from the past. The subject of the article are the anniversary resolutions of the Sejm and the Senate of the Republic of Poland, which I define as a tool for shaping the politics of memory and collective memory that are one of the forms of commemorating the past and serving the political authorities as means for its interpretation. I assume that the choice of anniversaries and historical figures that deserve to be commemorated is dictated by the ideological and political orientation of political parties and groups. In the above context, it is worth asking the question – referring to the title of the article – should the anni...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="00c21744b5200e1c8bdb96f0ea0f6d4a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":82049338,"asset_id":73583349,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82049338/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="73583349"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73583349"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73583349; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73583349]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73583349]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73583349; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='73583349']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "00c21744b5200e1c8bdb96f0ea0f6d4a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=73583349]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":73583349,"title":"Narracje alternatywne i marginalne w uchwałach rocznicowych sejmu i senatu rzeczypospolitej polskiej w latach 2009-2019","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73583349/Narracje_alternatywne_i_marginalne_w_uchwa%C5%82ach_rocznicowych_sejmu_i_senatu_rzeczypospolitej_polskiej_w_latach_2009_2019","owner_id":1940517,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":1940517,"first_name":"Bartlomiej","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Secler","page_name":"BartlomiejSecler","domain_name":"amu","created_at":"2012-06-13T03:32:07.700-07:00","display_name":"Bartlomiej Secler","url":"https://amu.academia.edu/BartlomiejSecler"},"attachments":[{"id":82049338,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82049338/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"3358.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82049338/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Narracje_alternatywne_i_marginalne_w_uch.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/82049338/3358-libre.pdf?1647073518=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNarracje_alternatywne_i_marginalne_w_uch.pdf\u0026Expires=1739821349\u0026Signature=bgDNEze7~qiVyI3CnCUclgvsBTpkj-kMr8Og1o0NebPkc6CKoJDenncobPisgBrhQp2YZRBHeoP5oF54JRCuycY3EHTZHUc0xOvrH3V~zQPQVGELtWn8nduT~uIqVesBE9OS2yhmVIgk13CY3~rrFLh-~c3GQJZqYDs75lgcTyRPeJw65d~FZkMRnZtc8p07zQ6VhXPJcIKphOjC1jsK87HUovhi-reDXXP0zPI2pZYIZIMV5znEBX1EpNXOPfE-GsxzHXJIw9NBx1yZOg5GUFz9cikTBtWDCOCW6KHUeISPkZEwJVjsUCtyEDZJTgXq0NYAjVT5-1ozrDC~BPFc~A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="50200359"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/50200359/Polityka_wyznaniowa_Konteksty_innych_polityk_publicznych_Austria_Katalonia_Polska"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Polityka wyznaniowa. Konteksty innych polityk publicznych. Austria, Katalonia, Polska" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/68274998/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/50200359/Polityka_wyznaniowa_Konteksty_innych_polityk_publicznych_Austria_Katalonia_Polska">Polityka wyznaniowa. Konteksty innych polityk publicznych. Austria, Katalonia, Polska</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WiolaHusar">Wioletta Husar-Poliszuk</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://amu.academia.edu/BartlomiejSecler">Bartlomiej Secler</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Piotr%C5%9Alusarczyk">Piotr Ślusarczyk</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Politologia Religii</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3c8fc92aeeb899c453d922afd66b0e21" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":68274998,"asset_id":50200359,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68274998/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="50200359"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50200359"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50200359; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50200359]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50200359]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50200359; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='50200359']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3c8fc92aeeb899c453d922afd66b0e21" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=50200359]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":50200359,"title":"Polityka wyznaniowa. 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Działania te mają ogromne znaczenie w warunkach silnej konkurencji rynkowej. Dla nadawców autopromocja jest skutecznym i tanim narzędziem promocji. Oryginalne formy autopromocji stanowią efektywny instrument uzyskiwania przewagi konkurencyjnej i przyciągania uwagi odbiorców. Podstawowym celem artykułu jest naukowa refleksja nad zjawiskiem autopromocji i ogłoszeń własnych nadawców w kontekście niedawnej nowelizacji ustawy o radiofonii i telewizji (2011 r.). Autor podejmuje próbę opisania dotychczasowych doświadczeń i wyartykułowania postulatów odnoszących się do podejmowanego zagadnienia. W celu realizacji zamierzenia badawczego przyjęto dwie roboczo sformułowane hipotezy badawcze, tj.: 1) autopromocja stanowi istotne narzędzie komunikacji pomiędzy nadawcą a odbiorcą; 2) obecne przepisy w zakresie autopromocji budzą uzasadnione obawy nadawców związane z pogorszeniem ich sytuacji rynkowej. Autor oparł swoje rozważania przede wszystkim na analizie norm prawnych w zakresie autopromocji oraz komentarzach nadawców i własnych spostrzeżeniach.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49704552"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49704552"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49704552; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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</script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="483366" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="118170753"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/118170753/Postawy_polskich_dziennikarzy_wobec_aktor%C3%B3w_politycznych_badania_empiryczne"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Postawy polskich dziennikarzy wobec aktorów politycznych: badania empiryczne" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113859614/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/118170753/Postawy_polskich_dziennikarzy_wobec_aktor%C3%B3w_politycznych_badania_empiryczne">Postawy polskich dziennikarzy wobec aktorów politycznych: badania empiryczne</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Przegląd Politologiczny</span><span>, Mar 15, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Postawy polskich dziennikarzy wobec aktorów politycznych: badania empiryczne 1 Streszczenie: Cele...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Postawy polskich dziennikarzy wobec aktorów politycznych: badania empiryczne 1 Streszczenie: Celem artykułu jest zestawienie postaw polskich dziennikarzy wobec aktorów politycznych deklarowanych w ankietach (role perception) z faktycznymi działaniami podejmowanymi przez dziennikarzy wobec polityków w przygotowywanych przez nich materiałach informacyjnych (role performance). Wyniki badań ankietowych ujawniają istotne różnice pomiędzy poszczególnymi pokoleniami polskich dziennikarzy. Z rolą watchodoga utożsamia się przede wszystkim pokolenie podejmujące pracę w okresie zmiany ustrojowej, podczas gdy najmłodsze pokolenie-choć uważa tę rolę mediów za ważną-samo nie jest zainteresowane jej pełnieniem. Analiza zawartości mediów potwierdza dużą wagę przywiązywaną przez polskich dziennikarzy do monitorowania działalności prowadzonej przez aktorów politycznych. Badania dostarczają jednocześnie danych potwierdzających wysoki poziom paralelizmu politycznego polskiego systemu medialnego. Słowa kluczowe: dziennikarze, aktorzy polityczni, postawy, poglądy polityczne, model watchdoga Wprowadzenie P odstawą badań nad relacjami dziennikarzy i aktorów politycznych były przez wiele lat koncepcje takie jak cztery teorie prasy (Siebert, Peterson, Schramm, 1956), czy też koncepcja czterech wymiarów powiązań mediów z polityką (Blumer, Gurevitch, 1995). Współcześnie badacze posiłkują się głównie koncepcją trzech modeli mediów i polityki w ujęciu porównawczym sformułowaną przez D. Hallina i P. Manciniego w pracy opublikowanej w 2004 r. Co prawda, nie wszyscy zgadzają się z przypisaniem do poszczególnych modeli (liberalnego, demokratycznego korporacjonizmu i spolaryzowanego pluralizmu) określonych państw (Brüggemann, Engesser, Büchel, Humprecht, Castro, 2014), niemniej jest to praca stanowiąca punkt odniesienia dla szeregu nowych badań nad relacją pomiędzy systemem politycznym a systemem medialnym (Dobek-Ostrowska, 2010; 2011; 2012), również tych prowadzonych ponownie pod kierunkiem D. Hallina i P. Manciniego (2012). Jednym z kluczowych pojęć tej koncepcji jest paralelizm polityczny-rozszerzona koncepcja paralelizmu partyjno-medialnego, o którym pisali już wcześniej C. Seymour-Ure (1974) oraz J. G. Blumer i M. Gurevitch (1975), czyli stopień odzwierciedlenia systemu politycznego przez system medialny (Hallin, Mancini, 2007, s. 26-30). Paralelizm polityczny-w ujęciu D. Hallina i P. Manciniego-przejawia się w zawartości mediów, połączeniu organizacyjnym pomiędzy mediami i partiami politycznymi, skłonności pracowników do podejmowania aktywności w sferze politycznej lub podejmowania przez</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="021bcdc71fdabe95b32bbdd2777f7c4c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113859614,"asset_id":118170753,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113859614/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="118170753"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="118170753"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 118170753; 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="118170748"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/118170748/Polityczny_wymiar_spor%C3%B3w_o_przesz%C5%82o%C5%9B%C4%87"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Polityczny wymiar sporów o przeszłość" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/118170748/Polityczny_wymiar_spor%C3%B3w_o_przesz%C5%82o%C5%9B%C4%87">Polityczny wymiar sporów o przeszłość</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="118170748"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="118170748"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 118170748; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=118170748]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":118170748,"title":"Polityczny wymiar sporów o przeszłość","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118170748/Polityczny_wymiar_spor%C3%B3w_o_przesz%C5%82o%C5%9B%C4%87","owner_id":1940517,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":1940517,"first_name":"Bartlomiej","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Secler","page_name":"BartlomiejSecler","domain_name":"amu","created_at":"2012-06-13T03:32:07.700-07:00","display_name":"Bartlomiej Secler","url":"https://amu.academia.edu/BartlomiejSecler"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="118170732"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/118170732/Oblicza_wsp%C3%B3%C5%82czesnej_komunikacji_Konteksty_problemy_wyzwania"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Oblicza współczesnej komunikacji. Konteksty, problemy, wyzwania" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113859558/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/118170732/Oblicza_wsp%C3%B3%C5%82czesnej_komunikacji_Konteksty_problemy_wyzwania">Oblicza współczesnej komunikacji. Konteksty, problemy, wyzwania</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Public diplomacy is one of the soft power tools, implemented by superpowers, midsize and small co...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Public diplomacy is one of the soft power tools, implemented by superpowers, midsize and small countries globally. It became an element of foreign policy strategy of democratic and authoritarian regimes. Its new form – new public diplomacy – has been developed since about 15 years. The growing role of non state actors of international relations and external political communication and new technologies and tools of communication contributed a lot to the change in public diplomacy conduct. Networking, dialogue and intermestic context define the model of the new public diplomacy within the frame of open political and media systems. The former closed and latent diplomacy turned to open and public form, with much potential of benefits for all its stakeholders. The author analyses public diplomacy in the strategic communication context. She suggests an “oxymoron test” to evaluate the openness, networking character and symmetry of public diplomacy in the given case. K E Y WO R D S : P U B ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d5251857a937f3f90677cf80dda5c359" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":113859558,"asset_id":118170732,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113859558/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="118170732"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="118170732"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 118170732; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=118170732]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=118170732]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 118170732; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='118170732']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d5251857a937f3f90677cf80dda5c359" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=118170732]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":118170732,"title":"Oblicza współczesnej komunikacji. Konteksty, problemy, wyzwania","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118170732/Oblicza_wsp%C3%B3%C5%82czesnej_komunikacji_Konteksty_problemy_wyzwania","owner_id":1940517,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":1940517,"first_name":"Bartlomiej","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Secler","page_name":"BartlomiejSecler","domain_name":"amu","created_at":"2012-06-13T03:32:07.700-07:00","display_name":"Bartlomiej Secler","url":"https://amu.academia.edu/BartlomiejSecler"},"attachments":[{"id":113859558,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113859558/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"oblicza-wpolczesnej-komunikacji.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113859558/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Oblicza_wspolczesnej_komunikacji_Konteks.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/113859558/oblicza-wpolczesnej-komunikacji-libre.pdf?1714252372=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOblicza_wspolczesnej_komunikacji_Konteks.pdf\u0026Expires=1739821349\u0026Signature=HcR2wXgSHKe27VPMfCf~BaOuJRtfvMO68-j1TfjzKdShHZyIMgDGZqDTvtaKQkrC~CP9xHFGjE~IiOeql~IS8krvCZXYBPeyTLGWhzvlMXJVbAf3~32wcET~MKv86hn41ELQ8CDIKPybu9ntail-1E348~bqkqzeIsoor06ZJ28XPs5fLltzEY7UwmAjl~8piK932Ds2Pi2hzMptU~Id7ynkNVd3o1bR87LNvAX7L8pKXdMtyQmcYs~ypZo2Eg~beGwEAmtIOX1YzTR09CwbzKKp5Qzn9opD8QxfpTiMQ5~i4D6-wqiBNPX7aasxYvg8EYqWrD8oGpjZDRUmvB-75g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":113859559,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/113859559/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"oblicza-wpolczesnej-komunikacji.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/113859559/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Oblicza_wspolczesnej_komunikacji_Konteks.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/113859559/oblicza-wpolczesnej-komunikacji-libre.pdf?1714252365=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DOblicza_wspolczesnej_komunikacji_Konteks.pdf\u0026Expires=1739821349\u0026Signature=dJ4MqIghubwh0OU4w5ybUm7acP1lmcBM0QmLK7owiSV~~~VDJju4yC1wkk5XHy6AgHBR7HjIP1Zti6HjDVSNXUvLuy~MC1LoJhjpuSgY1slaJ474jy8eCGJVpjtZMCvRpf-IlhX8Kj-rhDgUBPMXwT5KySQN1Okl60vizYbbGp~R-VuZnl4srGjTDK5l67GPwb47JIULBb58EmdOf-TjaL7eBqZ-XltAoFqO7XOZ6kPRdTHYnOgkEJaksaGuz03oIZzK09wmIFdWHnRLZ4ZOQYEJOQmP8GoK4QM5n14le3xU1nrt4-eGqCYlmEK5eCgmstxOKQloaD9OouCg2qoCFg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83957800"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957800/Religia_i_religijno%C5%9B%C4%87_a_poziom_frekwencji_wyborczej"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Religia i religijność a poziom frekwencji wyborczej" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138904/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957800/Religia_i_religijno%C5%9B%C4%87_a_poziom_frekwencji_wyborczej">Religia i religijność a poziom frekwencji wyborczej</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Jak trafnie zauważyli Yilmaz Esmer i Thorleif Pettersson, religia odgrywa istotne znaczenie w ksz...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Jak trafnie zauważyli Yilmaz Esmer i Thorleif Pettersson, religia odgrywa istotne znaczenie w kształtowaniu wyników wyborów, odkąd "w użyciu znalazła się urna wyborcza" 1. Śledząc, nawet pobieżnie, związki pomiędzy religią a polityką trudno odrzucić pogląd, że relacja ta była i jest pozbawiona pierwiastka "boskiego". Niesłuszne okazały się dziewiętnastowieczne przypuszczenia, że wraz z nastaniem społeczeństwa przemysłowego, religia będzie tracić na znaczeniu. Za Pippą Norris i Ronaldem Inglehartem można powiedzieć, że poglądy o "śmierci religii" i postępującej sekularyzacji są w ostatnich kilkudziesięciu latach przedmiotem dość dużej krytyki. Co więcej, często przytacza się argumenty świadczące o sile i witalności religii 2 oddziałującej na różne sfery życia jednostki czy jej implementacji w zasady życia społeczno-politycznego. Rozważania o relacji pomiędzy religią a polityką przynoszą pytanie o genezę politycznego uwikłania religii oraz działań politycznych inspirowanych religią. W celu zapewnienia wolności religii od państwa bądź wolności państwa od religii, konieczne są działania zmierzające do oddzielenia jej od państwa lub zniesienia religii państwowej 3. Działania takie nie powodują jednak, że polityka nie wnika w sferę religii, a religia w sferę polityki 4. Problem ten widać chociażby przy okazji wyborów politycznych w perspektywie wpływu religii i religijności na zachowania i preferencje wyborcze czy poziom frekwencji wyborczej. To właśnie refleksja nad znaczeniem oraz wpływem religii i religijności na częstotliwość wyborczą Polaków jest przedmiotem niniejszego tekstu. W dociekaniach naukowych, jak również w medialnych sondażach opinii podejmowane są częste próby badania preferencji politycznych wyborców oraz określania ja</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="905e107baef608989c45a1af7b4348b0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89138904,"asset_id":83957800,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138904/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83957800"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83957800"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957800; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83957799"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957799/Studenci_dziennikarstwa_i_komunikacji_spo%C5%82ecznej_w_Polsce_Motywacje_oczekiwania_i_plany_zawodowe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Studenci dziennikarstwa i komunikacji społecznej w Polsce. Motywacje, oczekiwania i plany zawodowe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138909/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957799/Studenci_dziennikarstwa_i_komunikacji_spo%C5%82ecznej_w_Polsce_Motywacje_oczekiwania_i_plany_zawodowe">Studenci dziennikarstwa i komunikacji społecznej w Polsce. Motywacje, oczekiwania i plany zawodowe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">]. 2 Odsetek dla kierunku prawo wynosi 97%. Na trzecim miejscu by kierunek górnictwo (geologia): ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">]. 2 Odsetek dla kierunku prawo wynosi 97%. Na trzecim miejscu by kierunek górnictwo (geologia): 94%, a na kolejnych: gospodarka przestrzenna (93%) oraz Þ nanse i rachunkowo (92%). Zob. Szkolnictwo wy sze w Polsce-raport GUS,</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d2221d0b05075e6e5569d49f00a1f91c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89138909,"asset_id":83957799,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138909/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83957799"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83957799"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957799; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83957799]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83957799]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957799; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83957799']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d2221d0b05075e6e5569d49f00a1f91c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83957799]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83957799,"title":"Studenci dziennikarstwa i komunikacji społecznej w Polsce. Motywacje, oczekiwania i plany zawodowe","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83957799/Studenci_dziennikarstwa_i_komunikacji_spo%C5%82ecznej_w_Polsce_Motywacje_oczekiwania_i_plany_zawodowe","owner_id":1940517,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":1940517,"first_name":"Bartlomiej","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Secler","page_name":"BartlomiejSecler","domain_name":"amu","created_at":"2012-06-13T03:32:07.700-07:00","display_name":"Bartlomiej Secler","url":"https://amu.academia.edu/BartlomiejSecler"},"attachments":[{"id":89138909,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138909/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"253.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138909/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Studenci_dziennikarstwa_i_komunikacji_sp.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/89138909/253-libre.pdf?1659245800=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DStudenci_dziennikarstwa_i_komunikacji_sp.pdf\u0026Expires=1739821349\u0026Signature=UziLrVkV9Ep51u4QID7y8fnwxi50NsqYgusu5tGmNh0XR~Tx2GHzBMcnfRMoNX7RmmM1P1mOkAlfZMgcgpuX~LBjbuTYy1K2VN4xzur1RF8CVoqF~eXOYs1eIWUoj9AZO9UdDC5UgJkc8G1ZA97B2PDllML4YiMvkfqRD5EYtG9q6gLVFu~zp-nibqvcT20U1wbVRCphO-rZnOAoL~iTAlviC8wd6L9yZz8N0peKWK2mYR5XOq3KlPwvXAsdEYUOOHifstrs0pXEXCEba0CA0JG3tfavtTSj-Et8GsC39mdbxwDHwKx8yl1LEwxirUr76H0Mz9H-yI1CPpO-HFRYZQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83957798"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957798/Zmiany_motyw%C3%B3w_wyboru_zawodu_dziennikarskiego_w_Polsce"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Zmiany motywów wyboru zawodu dziennikarskiego w Polsce" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138911/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957798/Zmiany_motyw%C3%B3w_wyboru_zawodu_dziennikarskiego_w_Polsce">Zmiany motywów wyboru zawodu dziennikarskiego w Polsce</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The aim of this paper is to present the conclusions drawn from a meta-analysis of the findings co...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The aim of this paper is to present the conclusions drawn from a meta-analysis of the findings collected with surveys that have been conducted among Polish journalists since the 1970s. The paper focuses on the trends and shifts in the journalitists’ motivations and roles perception that have been occurring in the last four decades. The findings show that since the transformation period in the late 1989s and early 1990s, Polish journalists seem to be more individualistic and professional-oriented than social and altruist-oriented. The contemporary model of the Polish journalism built upon journalists’ declarations on the media roles is a combination of the news-provider and a forum of a broad spectrum of the political opinion presentation – oriented model, with a watchdog – style journalism. Traditional roles of the Polish journalists, such as education and motivation of the citizens, seem to be of the secondary importance for the media people today</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d2882369fb9662f9517c8ff56bcd967a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89138911,"asset_id":83957798,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138911/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83957798"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83957798"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957798; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83957798]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83957798]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957798; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83957798']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d2882369fb9662f9517c8ff56bcd967a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83957798]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83957798,"title":"Zmiany motywów wyboru zawodu dziennikarskiego w Polsce","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83957798/Zmiany_motyw%C3%B3w_wyboru_zawodu_dziennikarskiego_w_Polsce","owner_id":1940517,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":1940517,"first_name":"Bartlomiej","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Secler","page_name":"BartlomiejSecler","domain_name":"amu","created_at":"2012-06-13T03:32:07.700-07:00","display_name":"Bartlomiej Secler","url":"https://amu.academia.edu/BartlomiejSecler"},"attachments":[{"id":89138911,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138911/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"8179.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138911/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Zmiany_motywow_wyboru_zawodu_dziennikars.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/89138911/8179-libre.pdf?1659245800=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DZmiany_motywow_wyboru_zawodu_dziennikars.pdf\u0026Expires=1739821349\u0026Signature=BTzXSTyq~IuLgV0eafWYUhiXF8K90gHkU-5hfH0e-QASbiVv7mUA4MfeFDBzraVwBYBnLf-cW8R25WOruztafYpqEjh3nmt0EeYpTth~h1EuihspM8B62UjhFzeSbPJw2Y2PgTdEoLd5FDcUzrUUEjtJtab9yWzrZGlHrPhFFkkGjqzHGu5-8Tz-r0zkE3bENuGkruJStPlokQ0zclAS1i9yTs~TxZG1dKvl46phOczv53lMR2AzEaJZOsPORDE2D~JsQmKX7hrCa4yQSKIM3NPz~jalFjMaSBOK2QGLNmWRk52P1OiAh0VvQVv-HREHluiwbZddf9ejrzO5Mt1ZvA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83957797"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957797/Sejmowe_komisje_%C5%9Aledcze_w_systemie_politycznym_RP_Bilans_dotychczasowych_do%C5%9Bwiadcze%C5%84"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sejmowe komisje Śledcze w systemie politycznym RP. Bilans dotychczasowych doświadczeń" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138902/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957797/Sejmowe_komisje_%C5%9Aledcze_w_systemie_politycznym_RP_Bilans_dotychczasowych_do%C5%9Bwiadcze%C5%84">Sejmowe komisje Śledcze w systemie politycznym RP. Bilans dotychczasowych doświadczeń</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Sejmowe komisje OEledcze w systemie politycznym RP. Bilans dotychczasowych dooewiadczeñ Wprowadze...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Sejmowe komisje OEledcze w systemie politycznym RP. Bilans dotychczasowych dooewiadczeñ Wprowadzenie J edn¹ z zasadniczych funkcji parlamentu jest funkcja kontrolna. Jak za- uwa¿a Bogus³aw Banaszak, w nauce prawa konstytucyjnego wskazuje siê czêsto na ró¿nice miêdzy wê¿szym i szerszym pojêciem kontroli parlamentarnej (Banaszak, 2008, s. 113). W ujêciu wê¿szym kontrola ta sprowadza siê zarówno do analizy rzeczywistych dzia³añ w³adzy wykonawczej, jak i oceny ich efektywnooeci i legalnooeci. Natomiast drugie ujêcie adresowane jest do jednostek kontrolowanych przy jednoczesnym formu³owaniu postulatów maj¹cych na celu korygowanie ich przysz³ych dzia³añ (Banaszak, 2008, s. 113). O zakresie i formie wype³niania przez parlament funkcji kontrolnej decyduje w du¿ym stopniu system rz¹dów. Nale¿y mieae na uwadze, i¿ kontrola ta warunkowana jest systemem wzajemnych powi¹zañ miêdzy organami pañstwa, które sprawuj¹ okreoelone funkcje w ramach poszczególnych w³adz. Zdaniem Marii Kruk "im dalej id¹ca specjalizacja i rozdzielanie ich funkcji, jak np. w przypadku systemu prezydenckiego, opartego na dooeae rygorystycznym podziale w³adz […], tym bardziej ciê¿ar kontroli przenosi siê wprost na suwerena, który bezpooerednio powo³uje w³adzê wykonawcz¹ i bezpooerednio j¹ kontroluje" (Kruk, 2008, s. 9). Z kolei w systemie parlamentarnym, jak równie¿ systemach pochodnych -np. kanclerskim -czy mieszanych, zasadnicze mechanizmy ich funkcjonowania staj¹ siê, jak pisze M. Kruk, "samoistnymi Ÿród-³ami funkcji kontrolnej parlamentu, skierowanej na dzia³alnooeae rz¹du i administracji rz¹dowej" (Kruk, 2008, s. 10). Konstytucja RP z 1997 r. powierzy³a wykonywanie funkcji kontrolnej Sejmowi RP. Art. 95 ust. 2 stanowi, ¿e to w³aoenie Sejm sprawuje kontrolê nad dzia³alnooeci¹ Rady Ministrów w zakresie okreoelonym przepisami ustawy zasadniczej i innych ustaw. Woeród najwa¿niejszych form kontroli sejmowej nale¿y wskazaae: wotum nieufnooeci wobec Rady Ministrów lub poszczególnych ministrów, interpelacje i zapytania poselskie, kontrola</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bb3eb77c32a2ac8c85dfa84c0b7b6ca9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89138902,"asset_id":83957797,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138902/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83957797"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83957797"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957797; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83957797]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83957797]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957797; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83957797']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bb3eb77c32a2ac8c85dfa84c0b7b6ca9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83957797]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83957797,"title":"Sejmowe komisje Śledcze w systemie politycznym RP. Bilans dotychczasowych doświadczeń","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83957797/Sejmowe_komisje_%C5%9Aledcze_w_systemie_politycznym_RP_Bilans_dotychczasowych_do%C5%9Bwiadcze%C5%84","owner_id":1940517,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":1940517,"first_name":"Bartlomiej","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Secler","page_name":"BartlomiejSecler","domain_name":"amu","created_at":"2012-06-13T03:32:07.700-07:00","display_name":"Bartlomiej Secler","url":"https://amu.academia.edu/BartlomiejSecler"},"attachments":[{"id":89138902,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138902/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"10744.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138902/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Sejmowe_komisje_Sledcze_w_systemie_polit.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/89138902/10744-libre.pdf?1659245799=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSejmowe_komisje_Sledcze_w_systemie_polit.pdf\u0026Expires=1739757268\u0026Signature=PjRzDYbz9R1ArCmbvoUdpoiwy-nkayWK9aMTWdreTKPywRIC2mwaZLP1B7LyWvX2gXIzolfGqB4pyKrPzw90fXQMGpyRe0JQM4b1ElzTgVIhHtFkiVqetE2Egd2jtzWd3CFOPbrHSRWy5AqsLQiaXaENyviJTMfTIC6v5ur5pisqQXQNPeym0tw~5sjYViFZzUIgjkbGJ0uyAI0KIv7PMC7o1IwbB7kXetOc3IZv3niZq8FKZDcvISKOSyScUO9QD2MWfsSa1od2eczCrKtqgrX8uUe3iIZmZWqy1oowemHdkI8KKOKCv4qpHL~qEDVdS~oftc6megHTLrZdIO2PWw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":89138903,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138903/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"10744.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138903/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Sejmowe_komisje_Sledcze_w_systemie_polit.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/89138903/10744-libre.pdf?1659245796=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSejmowe_komisje_Sledcze_w_systemie_polit.pdf\u0026Expires=1739757268\u0026Signature=gv4yr3udmPrPg-0XLZBTq40LGWMAvspgCZtmdS5u9sKNAQUqBCPgvqoDd4k1ywCkPwaG8hYyYiiMKlwnxI1f9NbjYA1MnOJWW8OxckNruShQuHXEQRgpQ9qhrq3Ui2FVKIGHzduB8TXOTR03yYqR95tLJgeEtJFAfn0GBnVVIsvqtSGsr7Njg2a~TODHKGuW8jeBUMm~3bDnVRVWW-jlHvBuUBb-uOXICZ6kWIyu893Db4Po3Xv573105DuXLlK0mYIQPaQLTFlPm3SUVyNuflMMSAgMSBvKPRot8Nde9Mt7uvP0zPsXFIvqOrQhJ5MuCI7Fjc~xsn~cyEicv8sxkg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83957796"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957796/Journalistic_role_performance_in_Poland"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Journalistic role performance in Poland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138901/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957796/Journalistic_role_performance_in_Poland">Journalistic role performance in Poland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Several research projects in the last decade have been devoted to studying professional role perc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Several research projects in the last decade have been devoted to studying professional role perception among Polish journalists. Still less is known about how different ideals of professional roles affect journalistic role performance. This paper aims to present the findings of the content analysis of 1,130 news stories published in four Polish newspapers in 2012 and 2013. The study was a part of the international research project: Journalistic Role Performance Around the Globe (led by Prof. Claudia Mellado from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, in Chile and Lea Hellmueller, from Texas States University, <a href="http://www.journalisticperformance.org" rel="nofollow">www.journalisticperformance.org</a>). The results indicate that the watchdog model is most commonly used in the Polish press, followed by the infotainment and civic models. However, the findings of the content analysis primarily support the general observation on the political orientations of the Polish newspapers and political parallelism of the Polish media system.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="707e2d3c7b0e10ea7bd21abf0e6f229d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89138901,"asset_id":83957796,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138901/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83957796"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83957796"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957796; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83957795"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957795/Separatist_and_autonomous_tendencies_in_modern_Italy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Separatist and autonomous tendencies in modern Italy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138914/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957795/Separatist_and_autonomous_tendencies_in_modern_Italy">Separatist and autonomous tendencies in modern Italy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Review of Nationalities</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The article focuses on the autonomous and separatist pursuits that occur in present day Italy. Th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The article focuses on the autonomous and separatist pursuits that occur in present day Italy. The work was inspired by the consultative referendums of 2017 in the regions of Veneto and Lombardia. Their aim was to give the residents a chance to express their views regarding the possible expansion of the autonomy of these two administrative units. As a result of the plebiscites, a significant majority voted for the expansion of the autonomy, which might trigger the pursuit of more permissions for the regions. One has to remember that in accordance with the constitution, Italy is a unanimous and non-divisible state. However, this does not mean that presently (as well as in the future) there are no separatist and autonomous tendencies. The tendencies have historical, economical, cultural, social or political reasons. The aim of the article is to analyze these tendencies on the basis subject literature and sources.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="83925af2d919de9c3bbf514e478121bb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89138914,"asset_id":83957795,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138914/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83957795"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83957795"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957795; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83957794"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957794/Twenty_years_of_diplomatic_relations_between_Vatican_City_state_and_Israel"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Twenty years of diplomatic relations between Vatican City state and Israel" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89138913/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957794/Twenty_years_of_diplomatic_relations_between_Vatican_City_state_and_Israel">Twenty years of diplomatic relations between Vatican City state and Israel</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Review of Nationalities</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Basic Agreement concluded between the Vatican City State and Israel in 1993 was an important step...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Basic Agreement concluded between the Vatican City State and Israel in 1993 was an important step for the establishment of diplomatic relations. The conclusion of this Agreement is not a question of interreligious and diplomatic, which was associated with the efforts of the Vatican normalization of political relations with various countries. The author has analyzed the document and assess the relations in the perspective of twenty years. He also pointed to the fundamental problems in bilateral relations, and presented an assessment of contemporary relationships. The challenge for the future relations both states will be a consequence of the recognition in 2015 by the Vatican City State independence of Palestine.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e3299be185531f7d1930c6245457f8b5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89138913,"asset_id":83957794,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138913/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83957794"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83957794"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957794; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="83957793"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957793/Konfliktowe_rocznice_wymiar_mi%C4%99dzynarodowy_polskiej_polityki_pami%C4%99ci_na_przyk%C5%82adzie_wybranych_uchwa%C5%82_rocznicowych_Sejmu_Rzeczypospolitej_Polskiej"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Konfliktowe rocznice – wymiar międzynarodowy polskiej polityki pamięci na przykładzie wybranych uchwał rocznicowych Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/83957793/Konfliktowe_rocznice_wymiar_mi%C4%99dzynarodowy_polskiej_polityki_pami%C4%99ci_na_przyk%C5%82adzie_wybranych_uchwa%C5%82_rocznicowych_Sejmu_Rzeczypospolitej_Polskiej">Konfliktowe rocznice – wymiar międzynarodowy polskiej polityki pamięci na przykładzie wybranych uchwał rocznicowych Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Przegląd Humanistyczny</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The main purpose of the article is to analyze the international dimension of the Polish politics ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The main purpose of the article is to analyze the international dimension of the Polish politics of memory executed by commemorative and anniversary resolutions of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland. The adopted resolutions are often sources of conflicts and disputes, which translate into interstate divisions. They also have a negative impact on the relations with other states. The examples of such disputes were discussions on resolutions relating to the seventieth anniversary of the Soviet aggression against Poland (2009) and the seventy third anniversary of the Volhynia massacre (2016). In this essay I make an attempt, among other things, to reconstruct and evaluate them.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83957793"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83957793"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957793; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83957793]").text(description); 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Folia Litteraria Polonica</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3875b1673a6781b59b2711ccad6767f2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":89138897,"asset_id":83957787,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/89138897/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="83957787"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="83957787"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957787; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83957787]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=83957787]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 83957787; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='83957787']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3875b1673a6781b59b2711ccad6767f2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=83957787]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":83957787,"title":"Model dziennikarstwa zorientowany na obywateli w perspektywie paradygmatu społecznej odpowiedzialności mediów. 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Example of Resolutions Commemorating the 70th and 80th Anniversaries of the Outbreak of the Second World War Historical anniversaries generate breakthroughs, mark systemic and political turns, and remind us of the events and characters from the past. The subject of the article are the anniversary resolutions of the Sejm and the Senate of the Republic of Poland, which I define as a tool for shaping the politics of memory and collective memory that are one of the forms of commemorating the past and serving the political authorities as means for its interpretation. I assume that the choice of anniversaries and historical figures that deserve to be commemorated is dictated by the ideological and political orientation of political parties and groups. In the above context, it is worth asking the question – referring to the title of the article – should the anni...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="00c21744b5200e1c8bdb96f0ea0f6d4a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":82049338,"asset_id":73583349,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82049338/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="73583349"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73583349"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73583349; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73583349]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73583349]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73583349; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='73583349']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "00c21744b5200e1c8bdb96f0ea0f6d4a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=73583349]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":73583349,"title":"Narracje alternatywne i marginalne w uchwałach rocznicowych sejmu i senatu rzeczypospolitej polskiej w latach 2009-2019","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73583349/Narracje_alternatywne_i_marginalne_w_uchwa%C5%82ach_rocznicowych_sejmu_i_senatu_rzeczypospolitej_polskiej_w_latach_2009_2019","owner_id":1940517,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":1940517,"first_name":"Bartlomiej","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Secler","page_name":"BartlomiejSecler","domain_name":"amu","created_at":"2012-06-13T03:32:07.700-07:00","display_name":"Bartlomiej Secler","url":"https://amu.academia.edu/BartlomiejSecler"},"attachments":[{"id":82049338,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82049338/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"3358.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82049338/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Narracje_alternatywne_i_marginalne_w_uch.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/82049338/3358-libre.pdf?1647073518=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DNarracje_alternatywne_i_marginalne_w_uch.pdf\u0026Expires=1739821349\u0026Signature=bgDNEze7~qiVyI3CnCUclgvsBTpkj-kMr8Og1o0NebPkc6CKoJDenncobPisgBrhQp2YZRBHeoP5oF54JRCuycY3EHTZHUc0xOvrH3V~zQPQVGELtWn8nduT~uIqVesBE9OS2yhmVIgk13CY3~rrFLh-~c3GQJZqYDs75lgcTyRPeJw65d~FZkMRnZtc8p07zQ6VhXPJcIKphOjC1jsK87HUovhi-reDXXP0zPI2pZYIZIMV5znEBX1EpNXOPfE-GsxzHXJIw9NBx1yZOg5GUFz9cikTBtWDCOCW6KHUeISPkZEwJVjsUCtyEDZJTgXq0NYAjVT5-1ozrDC~BPFc~A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="50200359"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/50200359/Polityka_wyznaniowa_Konteksty_innych_polityk_publicznych_Austria_Katalonia_Polska"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Polityka wyznaniowa. Konteksty innych polityk publicznych. Austria, Katalonia, Polska" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/68274998/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/50200359/Polityka_wyznaniowa_Konteksty_innych_polityk_publicznych_Austria_Katalonia_Polska">Polityka wyznaniowa. Konteksty innych polityk publicznych. Austria, Katalonia, Polska</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WiolaHusar">Wioletta Husar-Poliszuk</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://amu.academia.edu/BartlomiejSecler">Bartlomiej Secler</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Piotr%C5%9Alusarczyk">Piotr Ślusarczyk</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Politologia Religii</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3c8fc92aeeb899c453d922afd66b0e21" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":68274998,"asset_id":50200359,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68274998/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="50200359"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50200359"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50200359; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50200359]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50200359]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50200359; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='50200359']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3c8fc92aeeb899c453d922afd66b0e21" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=50200359]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":50200359,"title":"Polityka wyznaniowa. 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Działania te mają ogromne znaczenie w warunkach silnej konkurencji rynkowej. Dla nadawców autopromocja jest skutecznym i tanim narzędziem promocji. Oryginalne formy autopromocji stanowią efektywny instrument uzyskiwania przewagi konkurencyjnej i przyciągania uwagi odbiorców. Podstawowym celem artykułu jest naukowa refleksja nad zjawiskiem autopromocji i ogłoszeń własnych nadawców w kontekście niedawnej nowelizacji ustawy o radiofonii i telewizji (2011 r.). Autor podejmuje próbę opisania dotychczasowych doświadczeń i wyartykułowania postulatów odnoszących się do podejmowanego zagadnienia. W celu realizacji zamierzenia badawczego przyjęto dwie roboczo sformułowane hipotezy badawcze, tj.: 1) autopromocja stanowi istotne narzędzie komunikacji pomiędzy nadawcą a odbiorcą; 2) obecne przepisy w zakresie autopromocji budzą uzasadnione obawy nadawców związane z pogorszeniem ich sytuacji rynkowej. Autor oparł swoje rozważania przede wszystkim na analizie norm prawnych w zakresie autopromocji oraz komentarzach nadawców i własnych spostrzeżeniach.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49704552"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49704552"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49704552; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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Konteksty - problemy - wyzwania</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Skład, łamanie, wersja cyfrowa, projekt okładki: Wydawnictwo ToC Wydawca: Wydawnictwo ToC ul. Sza...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Skład, łamanie, wersja cyfrowa, projekt okładki: Wydawnictwo ToC Wydawca: Wydawnictwo ToC ul. Szaflarska 85 34-400 Nowy Targ <a href="http://www.toc-editions.com" rel="nofollow">www.toc-editions.com</a> ISBN 978-83-949981-4-1 (wydanie drukowane) ISBN 978-83-949981-5-8 (wydanie elektroniczne)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="47b33aaf8435ed8ce7947f9bd8b80599" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57426959,"asset_id":37458704,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57426959/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37458704"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37458704"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37458704; 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