CINXE.COM

Economics and Finance Research | IDEAS/RePEc

<!DOCTYPE html> <html><head><title>Economics and Finance Research | IDEAS/RePEc</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-Gn5384xqQ1aoWXA+058RXPxPg6fy4IWvTNh0E263XmFcJlSAwiGgFAW/dAiS6JXm" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/fork-awesome@1.2.0/css/fork-awes ome.min.css" integrity="sha256-XoaMnoYC5TH6/+ihMEnospgm0J1PM/nioxbOUdnM8HY=" crossorigin="anonymous">--> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://site-assets.fontawesome.com/releases/v6.2.0/css/all.css" />--> <link href="/css/normalnew.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link href="/css/pushy.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link rel="icon" type="image.jpg" href="/favicon.ico"> <!--[if lte IE 9]> <script src="/css/html5shiv.min.js"></script> <script src="/css/respond.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> <script type='text/javascript'> var captchaContainer = null; var loadCaptcha = function() { captchaContainer = grecaptcha.render('captcha_container', { 'sitekey' : '6LdQebIaAAAAACSKxvbloyrkQ_q-MqhOAGgD5PQV', 'callback' : function(response) { console.log(response); } }); }; </script> <META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="Economics, working papers, research papers, IDEAS"> <META NAME="description" CONTENT="IDEAS is a central index of economics and finance research, including working papers, articles and software code"> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "WebSite", "url": "https://ideas.repec.org/", "potentialAction": { "@type": "SearchAction", "target": "https://ideas.repec.org/cgi-bin/htsearch2?q={search_term_string}", "query-input": "required name=search_term_string" } } </script> </head> <body><!-- Google tag (gtag.js) --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-G63YGSJVZ7"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-G63YGSJVZ7'); </script> <div class="container"> <div id="header" class="row"> <nav class="navbar navbar-collapse navbar-expand-md" role="navigation"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="/"> <img width="125" src="/ideas4.jpg" border="0" alt="IDEAS home"> </a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#mobilesearch" aria-controls="mobilesearch" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></span> </button> <div class="collapse" id="mobilesearch"> <div class="form-inline"> <form method="GET" action="/cgi-bin/htsearch2" id="mobilesearch" role="search" class="card card-body"> <div class="input-group"> <input class="form-control" type="text" name="q" value="" placeholder="Search econ literature"> <span class="input-group-btn"> <input class="btn btn-default btn-lg fa" type="submit" value="&#xf002;" style="color:white;background-color:#2d4e8b;"> </span> </div> <a href="/search.html" class="advanced-search">Advanced search</a> </form> </div> </div> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#mobilemenu" aria-controls="mobilemenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"><i class="fa fa-bars"></i></span> </button> <div class="collapse" id="mobilemenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/">Economic literature:</a> <a href="/i/p.html">papers</A>, <a href="/i/a.html">articles</A>, <a href="/i/c.html">software</A>, <a href="/i/h.html">chapters</A>, <a href="/i/b.html">books</A>. </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/i/e.html">Authors</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="http://edirc.repec.org/">Institutions</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/top/">Rankings</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/help.html" target="_blank">Help/FAQ <i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/cgi-bin/myideas.cgi">MyIDEAS <I class="fa fa-lightbulb-o"></I></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <span class="nav-text">More options at page bottom</span> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="d-none d-md-inline"> <ul class="nav nav-fill" id="topnav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/">Economic literature</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/i/e.html">Authors</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="http://edirc.repec.org/">Institutions</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/top/">Rankings</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/help.html" target="_blank">Help/FAQ <i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/cgi-bin/myideas.cgi" style="color:blue;">MyIDEAS <I class="fa fa-lightbulb-o"></I> <small>(now with weekly email digests)</small></a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12" style="margin-top: -10px;"> <div id="sidebar" class="sidebar-nav-fixed pull-right d-none d-print-none d-md-inline col-md-3"> <div class="inline-form"> <form method="GET" action="/cgi-bin/htsearch2" id="topsearch" role="search" class="navbar-form navbar-right"> <div class="input-group"> <input class="form-control" type="text" name="q" value="" placeholder="Search econ literature"> <input class="btn fa" type="submit" value="&#xf002;" style="color:white;background-color:#2d4e8b;"> </div> <a href="/search.html" class="advanced-search">Advanced search</a> </form> </div> <div id="menu"> <h3>Browse Econ Literature</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/i/p.html">Working papers</a></li> <li><a href="/i/a.html">Journals</a></li> <li><a href="/i/c.html">Software components</a></li> <li><a href="/i/b.html">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/i/h.html">Book chapters</a></li> <li><a href="/j/">JEL classification</a></li> </ul> <h3>More features</h3> <ul> <li><a href="http://nep.repec.org/">Subscribe to new research</a></li> <li><a href="https://biblio.repec.org/">RePEc Biblio</a></li> <li><a href="https://authors.repec.org/">Author registration</a></li> <li><A href="/v/"><font color="red">Economics Virtual Seminar Calendar</font></a> NEW!</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="d-none d-print-block"> <img width="145" src="/ideas4.jpg" border="0" alt="IDEAS home"> Printed from https://ideas.repec.org// </div> <div id="main" class="col-12 col-md-9"> <div class="site-overlay"></div> <div class="d-print-none"> <div id="messages" class="col-xs-12"> <span class="share-block"> <a class="share-twitter fa fa-twitter" href="#" title="Share on Twitter"></a> <!-- <a class="share-mastodon fa fa-mastodon" href="#" title="Share on Mastodon"></a>--> <!-- <share-to-mastodon message="Found on RePEc/IDEAS:" url='https://ideas.repec.org//'><font color="#2d4e8b"><i class="fa fa-mastodon"></i></font></share-to-mastodon>--> <share-to-mastodon message="Found on RePEc/IDEAS:" url='https://ideas.repec.org//'><img src="/images/mastodon.svg" height=15></share-to-mastodon> <a href="https://bsky.app/intent/compose?text=Found%20on%20RePEc/IDEAS:%20https://ideas.repec.org//%20&#128161;" target="_NEW"><img src="/images/bluesky.svg" height=15></a> <a class="share-facebook fa fa-facebook" href="#" title="Share on Facebook"></a> <a class="share-reddit fa fa-reddit" href="#" title="Share on Reddit"></a> <a class="share-linkedin fa fa-linkedin" href="#" title="Share on LinkedIn"></a> <!-- <a class="share-stumbleupon fa fa-stumbleupon" href="#" title="Share on StumbleUpon"></a>--> <!-- <a class="share-delicious fa fa-delicious" href="#" title="Save on Delicious"></a>--> <a class="share-email fa fa-envelope" href="#" title="Share by Email"></a> <a class="share-print fa fa-print" href="#" title="Print this page"></a> </span> <span id="myideas"> <a href="/cgi-bin/myideas.cgi" data-toggle="tooltip" title="MyIDEAS: not logged in"> <i class="fa fa-lightbulb-o"></i> <i class="fa fa-lock"></i>&nbsp;</a> </span> <script> function loadDoc(url,cfunc) { var xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (xhttp.readyState == 4 && xhttp.status == 200) { cfunc(xhttp); } }; xhttp.open("GET", url, true); xhttp.send(); } function myFunction(xhttp) { document.getElementById("response").innerHTML = xhttp.responseText; } </script><span id="response"></span> </div> </div> <div id="content-block"> <h2>Search IDEAS</H2> <div class="advsearch-block" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <form method="GET" action="/cgi-bin/htsearch2"> <input type="hidden" name="form" value="extended"> <input type="hidden" name="wm" value="wrd"> <input type="hidden" name="dt" value="range"> <div class="row" style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;"> <div class="form-group col-auto"> <select name="ul" class="form-control input-sm" id="ul-select"> <option value="" select="selected">All</option> <option value="%/a/%">Articles</option> <option value="%/p/%">Papers</option> <option value="%/h/%">Chapters</option> <option value="%/b/%">Books</option> <option value="%/c/%">Software</option> </select> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md"> <input class="form-control fill" type="text" name="q" value="" placeholder="Search econ literature on IDEAS" style="float: left;"> </div> <div class="col-auto"> <button class="btn btn-lg fa" type="submit" name="cmd" value="Search!" style="color:white;background-color:#2d4e8b;">&#xf002;</button> </div> </div> <div class="row" style="margin-top: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px;"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6 col-lg-3"> <div class="form-group"> <label class="control-label" for="wf-select"> In:</label> <div> <select id="wf-select" class="form-control input-sm" name="wf"> <option value="4BFF" selected="selected">Whole record </option> <option value="F000">Abstract</option> <option value="0F00">Keywords</option> <option value="00F0">Title</option> <option value="000F">Author</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6 col-lg-3"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="s-select" class="control-label">Sort by:</label> <div> <select id="s-select" class="form-control input-sm" name="s"> <option value="R">Relevance</option> <option value="d">Oldest</option> <option value="D">Most recent</option> <option value="C">Most cited</option> <option value="T">Title alphabet</option> <option value="A">Recently added</option> <option value="S">Recent & relevant</option> <option value="Q">Relevant & cited</option> <option value="B">Recent & cited</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6 col-lg-3"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="from-select" class="control-label">From: </label> <div> <select class="form-control input-sm" name="db" id="from-select"> <option value="" selected="selected">Any Year</option> <option value="01/01/2025">2025</option> <option value="01/01/2024">2024</option> <option value="01/01/2023">2023</option> <option value="01/01/2022">2022</option> <option value="01/01/2021">2021</option> <option value="01/01/2020">2020</option> <option value="01/01/2019">2019</option> <option value="01/01/2018">2018</option> <option value="01/01/2017">2017</option> <option value="01/01/2016">2016</option> <option value="01/01/2015">2015</option> <option value="01/01/2014">2014</option> <option value="01/01/2013">2013</option> <option value="01/01/2012">2012</option> <option value="01/01/2011">2011</option> <option value="01/01/2010">2010</option> <option value="01/01/2009">2009</option> <option value="01/01/2008">2008</option> <option value="01/01/2007">2007</option> <option value="01/01/2006">2006</option> <option value="01/01/2005">2005</option> <option value="01/01/2004">2004</option> <option value="01/01/2003">2003</option> <option value="01/01/2002">2002</option> <option value="01/01/2001">2001</option> <option value="01/01/2000">2000</option> <option value="01/01/1999">1999</option> <option value="01/01/1998">1998</option> <option value="01/01/1997">1997</option> <option value="01/01/1996">1996</option> <option value="01/01/1995">1995</option> <option value="01/01/1994">1994</option> <option value="01/01/1993">1993</option> <option value="01/01/1992">1992</option> <option value="01/01/1991">1991</option> <option value="01/01/1990">1990</option> <option value="01/01/1985">1985</option> <option value="01/01/1980">1980</option> <option value="01/01/1975">1975</option> <option value="01/01/1970">1970</option> <option value="01/01/1960">1960</option> <option value="01/01/1950">1950</option> <option value="01/01/1940">1940</option> <option value="01/01/1930">1930</option> <option value="01/01/1900">1900</option> <option value="01/01/1800">1800</option> <option value="01/01/1700">1700</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6 col-lg-3"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="to-select" class="control-label">To: </label> <div class=""> <select id="to-select" class="form-control input-sm" name="de"> <option value="" selected="selected">Any Year</option> <option value="31/12/2025">2025</option> <option value="31/12/2024">2024</option> <option value="31/12/2023">2023</option> <option value="31/12/2022">2022</option> <option value="31/12/2021">2021</option> <option value="31/12/2020">2020</option> <option value="31/12/2019">2019</option> <option value="31/12/2018">2018</option> <option value="31/12/2017">2017</option> <option value="31/12/2016">2016</option> <option value="31/12/2015">2015</option> <option value="31/12/2014">2014</option> <option value="31/12/2013">2013</option> <option value="31/12/2012">2012</option> <option value="31/12/2011">2011</option> <option value="31/12/2010">2010</option> <option value="31/12/2009">2009</option> <option value="31/12/2008">2008</option> <option value="31/12/2007">2007</option> <option value="31/12/2006">2006</option> <option value="31/12/2005">2005</option> <option value="31/12/2004">2004</option> <option value="31/12/2003">2003</option> <option value="31/12/2002">2002</option> <option value="31/12/2001">2001</option> <option value="31/12/2000">2000</option> <option value="31/12/1999">1999</option> <option value="31/12/1998">1998</option> <option value="31/12/1997">1997</option> <option value="31/12/1996">1996</option> <option value="31/12/1995">1995</option> <option value="31/12/1994">1994</option> <option value="31/12/1993">1993</option> <option value="31/12/1992">1992</option> <option value="31/12/1991">1991</option> <option value="31/12/1990">1990</option> <option value="31/12/1985">1985</option> <option value="31/12/1980">1980</option> <option value="31/12/1975">1975</option> <option value="31/12/1970">1970</option> <option value="31/12/1960">1960</option> <option value="31/12/1950">1950</option> <option value="31/12/1940">1940</option> <option value="31/12/1930">1930</option> <option value="31/12/1900">1900</option> <option value="31/12/1800">1800</option> <option value="31/12/1700">1700</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a href="/search.html">More advanced search</a> <!--<span style="position:absolute;right:0px;color:red">New: sort by citation count and by recently added</span>--> </form> </div> <p></p> <H2>What is IDEAS?</H2> <P> IDEAS is the largest bibliographic database dedicated to Economics and available freely on the Internet. Based on <a href="http://repec.org/">RePEc</A>, it indexes over 4,800,000 items of research, including over 4,400,000 that can be downloaded in full text. </p></p> RePEc is a large volunteer effort to enhance the free dissemination of research in Economics which includes bibliographic metadata from over 2,000 participating <A HREF="/archives.html">archives</A>, including all the major publishers and research outlets. IDEAS is just one of several <A HREF="/services.html">services</A> that use RePEc data. For some statistics about the holdings on this site, see <A HREF="/stats.html">here</A>. </p> <P> Authors are invited to <A HREF="https://authors.repec.org/">register</A> with RePEc to create an online profile. Then, anyone finding some of their research here can find your latest contact details and a listing of their other research. They will also receive a monthly mailing about the popularity of their works, their ranking and newly found citations. </p> <h2>How do I find on IDEAS what I am looking for?</h2> The sidebar offers various ways to browse for your material: by serial, by classification, by author. You can also use the search form above, or go to the <a href="/search.html">advanced search</A> page. With <A HREF="/cgi-bin/myideas.cgi">MyIDEAS</A>, you can manage your bibliography and get various alerts. <h2>Credits</h2> IDEAS is run with considerable help <A HREF="/credits.html">from others</A> by <A HREF="/zimm/">Christian Zimmermann</A>. IDEAS uses the RePEc database. <A HREF="http://repec.org/" target="_blank">RePEc <i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></A> stands for "Research Papers in Economics" and is an internal name for a group working on the provision of electronic working papers. We are concerned that the uncoordinated provision of archives is inefficient. We believe that joining forces is a good thing because we can learn from each other how to do things better and promote our work together. Our archives are interconnected using a set of rules called the Guildford protocol (GuilP). Here is what we call a service, a server mirroring the database built from these archives. </p> <P> Comments about IDEAS should be addressed to <A HREF="/email.html">Christian Zimmermann</A>. To get new serials listed, see <a href="/stepbystep.html">these instructions</a>. To request corrections, please look first at <A HREF="/corrections.html">these instructions</A>. The usual copyright laws apply to all the content of this site and the texts on other servers. <P> <A HREF="http://repec.org/docs/RePEcDataUse.html" target="_blank">RePEc copyright statement <i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></A>. </div> <!--uXCPjTUzTxL7ULra--> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer" class="row d-print-none"> <div class="col-sm-6 more-services"> <h3 style="border-bottom: 1px solid #111; position: relative; right:0.9em;">More services and features</h3> <div class="row"> <div class="list-group col"> <a href="/cgi-bin/myideas.cgi" class="list-group-item"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">MyIDEAS</h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">Follow serials, authors, keywords &amp; more</p> </a> <a href="http://authors.repec.org/" class="list-group-item"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">Author registration</h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">Public profiles for Economics researchers</p> </a> <a href="http://ideas.repec.org/top/" class="list-group-item"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">Rankings</h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">Various research rankings in Economics</p> </a> <a href="http://genealogy.repec.org/" class="list-group-item"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">RePEc Genealogy</h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">Who was a student of whom, using RePEc</p> </a> <a href="http://biblio.repec.org/" class="list-group-item"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">RePEc Biblio</h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">Curated articles &amp; papers on economics topics</p> </a> </div> <div class="list-group col"> <a href="http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/" class="list-group-item" target="_blank"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">MPRA <i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">Upload your paper to be listed on RePEc and IDEAS</p> </a> <a href="http://nep.repec.org/" class="list-group-item" target="_blank"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">New papers by email <i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">Subscribe to new additions to RePEc</p> </a> <a href="http://www.econacademics.org/" class="list-group-item"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">EconAcademics</h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">Blog aggregator for economics research</p> </a> <a href="http://plagiarism.repec.org/" class="list-group-item"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">Plagiarism</h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">Cases of plagiarism in Economics</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm more-services"> <h3 style="border-bottom: 1px solid #111;">About RePEc</h3> <div class="list-group col"> <a href="http://repec.org/" class="list-group-item" target="_blank"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">RePEc home <i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">Initiative for open bibliographies in Economics</p> </a> <a href="http://blog.repec.org/" class="list-group-item" target="_blank"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">Blog <i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">News about RePEc</p> </a> <a href="/help.html" class="list-group-item" target="_blank"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">Help/FAQ <i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">Questions about IDEAS and RePEc</p> </a> <a href="/team.html" class="list-group-item"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">RePEc team</h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">RePEc volunteers</p> </a> <a href="/archives.html" class="list-group-item"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">Participating archives</h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">Publishers indexing in RePEc</p> </a> <a href="https://ideas.repec.org/privacy.html" class="list-group-item" target="_blank"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">Privacy statement <i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></h4> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm more-services"> <h3 style="border-bottom: 1px solid #111;">Help us</h3> <div class="list-group col"> <a href="/corrections.html" class="list-group-item"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">Corrections</h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">Found an error or omission?</p> </a> <a href="/volunteers.html" class="list-group-item"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">Volunteers</h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">Opportunities to help RePEc</p> </a> <a href="/participate.html" class="list-group-item"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">Get papers listed</h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">Have your research listed on RePEc</p> </a> <a href="/stepbystep.html" class="list-group-item"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">Open a RePEc archive</h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">Have your institution's/publisher's output listed on RePEc</p> </a> <a href="/getdata.html" class="list-group-item"> <h4 class="list-group-item-heading">Get RePEc data</h4> <p class="list-group-item-text">Use data assembled by RePEc</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12" style="text-align: center; padding-top: 10px;"> <div id="sidelogos"> <a href="https://ideas.repec.org/">IDEAS</a> is a <a href="http://repec.org/" target="_blank">RePEc <i class="fa fa-external-link"></i></a> service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-KJ3o2DKtIkvYIK3UENzmM7KCkRr/rE9/Qpg6aAZGJwFDMVNA/GpGFF93hXpG5KkN" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>--> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.12.9/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-ApNbgh9B+Y1QKtv3Rn7W3mgPxhU9K/ScQsAP7hUibX39j7fakFPskvXusvfa0b4Q" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-JZR6Spejh4U02d8jOt6vLEHfe/JQGiRRSQQxSfFWpi1MquVdAyjUar5+76PVCmYl" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script type="module" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@justinribeiro/share-to-mastodon@0.2.0/dist/share-to-mastodon.js"> <script src="/css/ideas.js"></script> <script src="/css/pushy.js"></script> <script> $(document).ready(function() { // show active tab on reload if (location.hash !== '') $('a[href="' + location.hash + '"]').tab('show'); // remember the hash in the URL without jumping // $('a[data-toggle="tab"]').on('shown.bs.tab', function(e) { // if(history.pushState) { // history.pushState(null, null, '#'+$(e.target).attr('href').substr(1)); // } else { // location.hash = '#'+$(e.target).attr('href').substr(1); // } // }); }); </script> </BODY> </HTML>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10