CINXE.COM

IPPR Media Office | IPPR

<!DOCTYPE html><html class="" lang="en"><head><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /><!-- ROBOTS --><meta name="robots" content="index, follow"><meta charset="utf-8"/><meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"><meta name="MobileOptimized" content="600"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><!--favicons--><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"><link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon-32x32.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon-16x16.png"><link rel="manifest" href="/site.webmanifest" crossorigin="use-credentials"><link rel="mask-icon" href="/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#312d5a"><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#312d5a"><meta name="theme-color" content="#312d5a"><!--meta tags--><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Stay up to date with IPPR" href="https://www.ippr.org/feed.rss"><link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="IPPR" href="/osd.xml" data-tooltip-align="b,c" data-tooltip="IPPR" aria-label="IPPR" data-title="IPPR"><link href="https://www.ippr.org/" rel="home"><link type="text/plain" href="https://www.ippr.org/humans.txt" rel="author"><title>IPPR Media Office | IPPR </title><meta name="keywords" content="policy, research, public policy,"><meta name="description" content=" IPPR has one of the largest news and media profiles of any UK think tank, with our experts appearing regularly on national and international media. You can"><meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade"><!--Open Graph / FB --><meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB"><meta property="og:site_name" content="IPPR"><meta property="og:type" content="website" ><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.ippr.org/media-office"><meta property="og:title" content="IPPR Media Office | IPPR"><meta property="og:description" content=" IPPR has one of the largest news and media profiles of any UK think tank, with our experts appearing regularly on national and international media. You can"><meta property="og:image" content="https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/Media-and-press/social-cards/Media-Office.png?w=1200&amp;h=628&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;dm=1727793543&amp;s=b2c16336baaaf25ab4cee4744e7e4016"><meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/Media-and-press/social-cards/Media-Office.png?w=1200&amp;h=628&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;dm=1727793543&amp;s=b2c16336baaaf25ab4cee4744e7e4016"><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"><meta property="og:image:height" content="630"><!-- Twitter is also 1200 x 630 cover image --><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ippr_uk"><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@ippr_uk"><meta name="twitter:title" content="IPPR Media Office | IPPR"><meta name="twitter:description" content=" IPPR has one of the largest news and media profiles of any UK think tank, with our experts appearing regularly on national and international media. You can"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/Media-and-press/social-cards/Media-Office.png?w=1200&amp;h=628&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;dm=1727793543&amp;s=b2c16336baaaf25ab4cee4744e7e4016"><!-- Authentications --><!-- tag manager --><script> // Check that service workers are registered if ('serviceWorker' in navigator) { // Use the window load event to keep the page load performant window.addEventListener('load', function() { navigator.serviceWorker.register(' https://www.ippr.org/dist/sw.js'); }); } </script><style>:root{--content-space:1em;--form-space:2rem;--block-space:clamp(1.5rem,4.16667vw,3.75rem);--icon-button-size:3rem;--icon-button-text-size:1.1rem;--strong-font-weight:500;--primary-color:#44e5a8;--primary-color-text:#312d5a;--secondary-color:#312d5a;--secondary-color-text:#fff;--tertiary-color:var(--secondary-color);--tertiary-color-text:#fff;--canvas-color:#f6f6f4;--page-color:#fff;--text-color:#484848;--text-color-quiet:#666;--focus-color:#312d5a;--button-text-color:var(--primary-color-text);--button-bg-color:var(--primary-color);--button-border-color:var(--button-bg-color);--button-text-color-alt:var(--button-text-color);--button-bg-color-alt:var(--button-bg-color);--button-border-color-alt:var(--secondary-color);--button-text-color-disabled:#333535;--button-bg-color-disabled:#e5e5e1;--button-shadow-size:5px;--nav-list-align:start;--nav-list-direction:row;--nav-list-wrap:wrap}body,html{padding:0;margin:0;scroll-behavior:smooth}*,:after,:before{box-sizing:border-box}body{font-size:clamp(1rem,2.21354vw,1.125rem);line-height:1.5;font-weight:400}html{font-family:system-ui,sans-serif;color:inherit;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:scroll;min-height:100%;background-color:var(--canvas-color);color:var(--text-color)}@supports (font-variation-settings:normal){html{font-family:Inter,system-ui,sans-serif}}html :focus{outline:none}html.has-open-menu{overflow:hidden}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{margin-top:calc(var(--content-space) + .5em);margin-bottom:0}h1{font-size:clamp(2.0625rem,5.33854vw,3.5rem)}h1,h2{font-family:Loretta,serif;font-weight:600;color:var(--display-font-color,var(--secondary-color));line-height:1.3}h2{font-size:clamp(1.6875rem,4.29688vw,2.625rem)}h3{font-family:Loretta,serif;font-weight:600;color:var(--display-font-color,var(--secondary-color));font-size:clamp(1.375rem,3.38542vw,1.9375rem)}h3,h4{line-height:1.3}h4{font-family:system-ui,sans-serif;color:inherit;font-weight:500;font-size:clamp(1.1875rem,2.86458vw,1.375rem)}@supports (font-variation-settings:normal){h4{font-family:Inter,system-ui,sans-serif}}h5{font-family:system-ui,sans-serif;color:inherit;font-weight:500;font-size:clamp(1rem,2.21354vw,1.125rem);line-height:1.3}@supports (font-variation-settings:normal){h5{font-family:Inter,system-ui,sans-serif}}h6{font-family:system-ui,sans-serif;color:inherit;font-weight:500;font-size:clamp(.875rem,1.95312vw,1rem);line-height:1.3}@supports (font-variation-settings:normal){h6{font-family:Inter,system-ui,sans-serif}}a{text-decoration:var(--text-decoration,underline)}a,a:active{color:currentColor}@media (hover){a:hover{color:currentColor}}a:focus{outline:none}.c-staff-block a{text-decoration:none}.c-staff-block a.is-active,.c-staff-block a:active,.c-staff-block a:focus,.c-staff-block a:focus-within{text-decoration:underline}@media (hover){.c-staff-block a:hover{text-decoration:underline}}.icon{display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-top;height:1em;width:1em}.icon svg{display:block;width:100%;height:100%}.i-logo{width:1.25495em;height:1.5em}@media (min-width:38.01rem){.i-logo{width:1.38881em;height:1.66em}}@media (min-width:60.01rem){.i-logo{width:1.46411em;height:1.75em}}.i-logo--north,.i-logo--scotland{width:1.5em;height:1.5em}@media (min-width:38.01rem){.i-logo--north,.i-logo--scotland{width:1.66em;height:1.66em}}@media (min-width:60.01rem){.i-logo--north,.i-logo--scotland{width:1.75em;height:1.75em}}.c-feed,.o-grid{display:grid;grid-gap:var(--phone-row-gap,0) var(--phone-column-gap,1rem);grid-template-columns:[full-start] 0 [break-start] 0 repeat(12,[col] 1fr) [break-end] 0 [full-end] 0}@media (min-width:38.01rem){.c-feed,.o-grid{grid-gap:var(--tablet-row-gap,0) var(--tablet-column-gap,2rem)}}@media (min-width:60.01rem){.c-feed,.o-grid{grid-gap:var(--desktop-row-gap,0) var(--desktop-column-gap,3rem)}}@media (min-width:84.01rem){.c-feed,.o-grid{width:auto;grid-template-columns:[full-start] 1fr [break-start] minmax(0,3.25rem) repeat(12,[col] 3.25rem) [break-end] minmax(0,3.25rem) [full-end] 1fr}}.c-feed,.o-grid--contained{grid-template-columns:repeat(12,[col] 1fr)}.c-feed,.o-grid--block{--phone-row-gap:2rem;--tablet-row-gap:2rem;--desktop-row-gap:3rem}.o-grid--narrow{grid-template-columns:repeat(8,1fr)}.o-grid--list{--phone-row-gap:var(--content-space);--tablet-row-gap:var(--content-space);--desktop-row-gap:var(--content-space)}.o-grid--content-block,.o-grid--flush{--phone-row-gap:0;--tablet-row-gap:0;--desktop-row-gap:0}.c-feed:empty,.o-grid:empty{display:none}.c-feed .c-feed,.c-feed .o-grid,.o-grid .c-feed,.o-grid .o-grid{width:100%}.c-feed__item,.o-grid__item{grid-column-start:3;grid-column-end:15}.o-grid--narrow .c-feed__item,.o-grid--narrow .o-grid__item{grid-column-start:1;grid-column-end:9}.c-feed .c-feed__item,.c-feed .o-grid__item,.o-grid--contained .c-feed__item,.o-grid--contained .o-grid__item{grid-column-start:1;grid-column-end:13}@media (min-width:60.01rem){.o-sidebar-grid__content .c-feed__item:not(:where(.has-h-col,.o-grid__item--full)),.o-sidebar-grid__content .o-grid__item:not(:where(.has-h-col,.o-grid__item--full)){grid-column-end:11}}.o-grid__item--full{grid-column-start:1;grid-column-end:17}.o-grid__item--breakout{grid-column-start:2;grid-column-end:16}.o-image{display:block;position:relative;width:100%;max-width:var(--intrinsic-width,none);overflow:hidden}.o-image--cover{height:100%;max-width:none}.o-image--logo{max-width:calc(var(--intrinsic-width)/2)}.c-gallery--carousel .o-image{max-width:none}.o-image__img{width:100%;height:auto;margin:auto;transition:.3s;display:block}.o-image--cover .o-image__img{object-fit:cover;height:100%}.o-image--picture .o-image__img{position:static;object-fit:cover;height:100%}@media (min-width:60.01rem){.o-image--desktop-cover .o-image__img{object-fit:cover;height:100%}}.o-image--portrait .o-image__img{height:100%;width:auto}.o-image__icon{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:auto;margin:auto}.o-image-bg{position:relative;background-size:cover}.o-image-bg:before{display:block;content:"";position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;z-index:0;transition:.3s;width:100%;height:100%;background-size:100% 100%}.o-image-bg.is-loaded:before{opacity:0}.o-nav--filter{background-color:#44e5a8;color:#fff}.o-nav__container{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-start;position:relative}.o-nav__list{list-style:none;padding:var(--nav-list-padding,0);display:flex;gap:var(--content-space) 2rem;align-items:var(--nav-list-align);flex-direction:var(--nav-list-direction);flex-wrap:var(--nav-list-wrap);align-items:var(--nav-list-align,normal)}@media (max-width:38rem){.o-nav__list{--nav-list-direction:column;--nav-list-wrap:nowrap}}@media (hover:none){.o-nav--scroll .o-nav__list{flex-wrap:nowrap;overflow-x:scroll;overflow-y:auto;padding-bottom:1rem}}@media (max-width:60rem){.o-nav--dropdown .o-nav__list{--decoration-color:currentColor;display:none;flex-flow:column;padding:2rem;position:absolute;top:100%;right:0;bottom:auto;left:0;z-index:10;pointer-events:none;background-color:var(--primary-color);color:var(--primary-color-text)}#page-menu.is-active .o-nav__list{pointer-events:all;display:flex}}.o-nav__item{margin-bottom:0;display:flex;flex-shrink:0;font-weight:var(--nav-font-weight,500)}.h-flex-fix .o-nav__item:not(:last-child){margin-right:2rem}.o-nav__link{display:inline-flex;appearance:none;background-color:transparent;border:0;color:currentColor;white-space:nowrap;align-items:center;transition:.3s}.o-nav__link:not(.o-nav__link--unline){text-decoration:none;background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),linear-gradient(var(--decoration-color,var(--primary-color)),var(--decoration-color,var(--primary-color)));background-position:0 100%,0 100%;background-repeat:no-repeat,no-repeat;background-size:100% 3px,0 3px;transition:background-size .3s}.o-nav__link:not(.o-nav__link--unline).is-active,.o-nav__link:not(.o-nav__link--unline):active,.o-nav__link:not(.o-nav__link--unline):focus,.o-nav__link:not(.o-nav__link--unline):focus-within{background-size:100% 3px,100% 3px;background-position:0 -100%,0 100%}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast:active),screen and (-ms-high-contrast:none){.o-nav__link:not(.o-nav__link--unline).is-active,.o-nav__link:not(.o-nav__link--unline):active,.o-nav__link:not(.o-nav__link--unline):focus,.o-nav__link:not(.o-nav__link--unline):focus-within{border-bottom:3px solid var(--decoration-color,var(--primary-color))}}@media (hover){.o-nav__link:not(.o-nav__link--unline):hover{background-size:100% 3px,100% 3px;background-position:0 -100%,0 100%}}@media screen and (hover) and (-ms-high-contrast:active),screen and (hover) and (-ms-high-contrast:none){.o-nav__link:not(.o-nav__link--unline):hover{border-bottom:3px solid var(--decoration-color,var(--primary-color))}}.o-nav__link:not(.o-nav__link--unline):focus:not(:focus-visible){outline:none}.o-nav__link:not(.o-nav__link--unline):focus-visible{outline:solid Max(2px,.1em) var(--focus-color);outline-offset:.15em}.o-nav__link.is-active:after,.o-nav__link:active:after,.o-nav__link:focus-within:after,.o-nav__link:focus:after{width:100%}@media (hover){.o-nav__link:hover:after{width:100%}}.o-nav__icon{margin-left:1rem;color:currentColor}@media (min-width:60.01rem){.o-nav--dropdown .o-nav__action{display:none}}.o-skip-link{position:absolute;left:-100vw;opacity:0;transition:all .3s}.o-skip-link:active,.o-skip-link:focus{left:0;z-index:1001;opacity:1}.c-site-header{width:100%;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}.c-site-header__logo{grid-area:logo}.c-site-header__nav--primary{grid-area:nav--primary}.c-site-header__nav--secondary{grid-area:nav--secondary}.c-site-header__nav--tertiary{grid-area:nav--tertiary}.c-site-header__container{position:relative;display:grid;grid-area:1/3/1/15;grid-template-columns:min-content 1fr max-content;grid-template-areas:"logo nav--primary nav--secondary" ". nav--tertiary nav--tertiary"}.c-site-header__logo{font-size:clamp(2.0625rem,5.33854vw,3.5rem);color:#312d5a;background-color:#44e5a8;transform:translateY(clamp(1rem,2vw,1.5rem));transition:transform .3s;position:relative;z-index:4;margin:0 1em}@media (min-width:60.01rem){.c-site-header__logo{font-size:clamp(1.6875rem,4.29688vw,2.625rem)}}@media (min-width:72.01rem){.c-site-header__logo{margin-left:.5em;font-size:clamp(1.375rem,3.38542vw,1.9375rem)}}@media (min-width:82.01rem){.c-site-header__logo{font-size:clamp(1.6875rem,4.29688vw,2.625rem)}}@media (min-width:92.01rem){.c-site-header__logo{font-size:clamp(2.0625rem,5.33854vw,3.5rem)}}.c-site-header__logo:before{content:"";background-color:#44e5a8;position:absolute;top:-1em;right:-.4em;bottom:-.66em;left:-.6em;z-index:-1;transform:rotate(-10deg)}.c-site-header__logo:hover{transform:translateY(1rem);color:#312d5a}.c-site-header__logo:focus-visible:before{outline:solid 2px var(--primary-color-text);outline-offset:-.25em}.c-site-header__nav--primary{--nav-list-align:center;--nav-font-weight:800;align-self:center;justify-self:end}@media (min-width:82.01rem){.c-site-header__nav--primary{font-size:clamp(1.09375rem,2.53906vw,1.25rem)}}@media (min-width:92.01rem){.c-site-header__nav--primary{font-size:clamp(1.1875rem,2.86458vw,1.375rem)}}.c-site-header--error .c-site-header__nav--primary{display:none}.c-site-header__nav--secondary{font-size:clamp(1.1875rem,2.86458vw,1.375rem)}@media (min-width:82.01rem){.c-site-header__nav--secondary{font-size:clamp(1.25rem,3.125vw,1.625rem)}}@media (min-width:92.01rem){.c-site-header__nav--secondary{font-size:clamp(1.375rem,3.38542vw,1.9375rem);margin-right:-4rem}}.c-site-header__nav--tertiary{--nav-list-align:end;--nav-list-direction:column;--nav-list-wrap:nowrap;--nav-list-padding:1rem 1.5rem 0.25rem 0;--decoration-color:currentColor;background-color:var(--tertiary-color);color:var(--tertiary-color-text);justify-self:end;position:relative;z-index:1;padding:1.25rem 0}@media (min-width:72.01rem){.c-site-header__nav--tertiary{--nav-list-direction:row;--nav-list-padding:0;--nav-font-weight:800;margin-right:1rem}}@media (min-width:92.01rem){.c-site-header__nav--tertiary{margin-right:-2rem}}.c-site-header__nav--tertiary:after,.c-site-header__nav--tertiary:before{content:"";position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;width:100vw;z-index:-1;background-color:var(--tertiary-color)}.c-site-header__nav--tertiary:before{right:50%}.c-site-header__nav--tertiary:after{left:50%}.c-site-header__expand{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1rem;justify-items:end;align-items:center;column-gap:.5rem;cursor:pointer;font-weight:800}@media (min-width:72.01rem){.c-site-header__expand{display:none}}.c-site-header__expand-icon{transition:transform .25s}[open] .c-site-header__expand-icon{transform:rotateX(180deg)}.c-site-header__expand::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.c-site-header__nav--secondary .c-site-header__list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;list-style:none;min-height:100%;padding:0 0 0 2rem}.c-site-header__nav--secondary .c-site-header__link{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:.75em;min-height:100%;background-color:var(--tertiary-color);color:var(--tertiary-color-text)}.c-site-header__nav--secondary .c-site-header__link:focus-visible{outline:solid 2px var(--tertiary-color-text);outline-offset:-.5em}.c-site-header__mini-nav{display:flex;flex-direction:row;padding:0;font-size:clamp(1.6875rem,4.29688vw,2.625rem)}.c-site-header__mini-nav-link{display:block;padding:.33em}.c-site-header__search,.c-site-header__trigger{display:block}.c-site-main{min-height:75vh;transition:opacity .5s ease-in-out}.c-site-main.is-active,.c-site-main:active,.c-site-main:focus,.c-site-main:focus-within{outline:none}@media (hover){.c-site-main:hover{outline:none}}@media (min-width:38.01rem){.c-site-main{padding-bottom:2rem}}@media (min-width:92.01rem){.c-site-main{padding-bottom:4rem}}body:not(.is-loaded) .c-site-main{opacity:0}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast:active),screen and (-ms-high-contrast:none){body:not(.is-loaded) .c-site-main{opacity:1}}.c-site-main:before{content:"";background-color:var(--page-color);border-radius:clamp(1.25rem,5.20833vw,3.125rem);grid-row-start:1;grid-row-end:-1;grid-column-start:1;grid-column-end:-1;margin-bottom:-2rem}@media (min-width:38.01rem){.c-site-main:before{margin-bottom:-4rem}}@media (min-width:60.01rem){.c-site-main:before{grid-column-start:2;grid-column-end:-2}}@media (min-width:92.01rem){.c-site-main:before{margin-left:-2rem;margin-right:-2rem;margin-bottom:-6rem}}.c-site-menu{--site-menu-offset:calc(100% + 13px);--site-menu-bg:hsla(0,0%,100%,0);position:fixed;top:0;right:auto;bottom:auto;left:0;z-index:3;width:100%;overflow:hidden;display:flex;height:100vh;pointer-events:none;background-color:var(--site-menu-bg)}.h-accessibility{border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}@media (max-width:38rem){.h-except-phone{display:none!important}}@media (min-width:38.01rem){.h-only-phone{display:none!important}}@media (max-width:72rem){.h-gt-laptop{display:none!important}}@media (min-width:72.01rem){.h-lt-laptop{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.ippr.org/dist/css/main-caebc24315.min.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.ippr.org/dist/css/main-caebc24315.min.css"></noscript></head><body class="" id="start"><!-- custom styles --><style type="text/css" id="page-theme"></style><style type="text/css" id="custom-css"></style><div id="app" class=""><a class="o-skip-link" href="#site-main"><span class="o-button o-button--regular">Skip to main content</span></a><div id="site-notifications"><v-notification v-cloak></v-notification></div><header id="site-header" class="c-site-header o-grid"><div class="c-site-header__container"><!-- SITE LOGO --><a href="/" class="c-site-header__logo" aria-label="IPPR"><span class="icon i-logo"><svg fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 169 202"><path d="M169 202v-17h-13.3l-13-24 3.4-2c3.7-2.5 6.8-6 9.2-10.5 2.4-4.6 3.6-9.7 3.6-15.3 0-9.9-3.4-17.7-10.2-23.5a43.6 43.6 0 0 0-29-8.7h-1.2V84h-13.1V64.2h9.7c7.3 0 13.3-.4 18.1-1.3 4.9-1 9.2-2.6 12.9-5 3.7-2.5 6.8-6 9.2-10.6 2.4-4.5 3.6-9.6 3.6-15.2 0-9.9-3.4-17.7-10.2-23.5a43.6 43.6 0 0 0-29-8.7H65.7v17h13v67h-13v18c-3.7-.6-7.6-1-12-1h-1.2V84h-13V17h13V0H0v17h13v67H0v34h13v67H0v17h52.6v-17h-13v-19.7h9.8c7.2 0 13.2-.4 18-1.3 4.2-.8 8-2.2 11.4-4.1v25h-13V202h52.6v-17h-13v-19.7h13.2l19.2 36.7H169ZM65 133.2c0 4.3-1.2 8-3.9 10.9-2.6 3-8.4 4.4-17.6 4.4h-4V118h5c5.4 0 9.3.3 11.6.9 2.4.6 4.4 2.2 6.2 4.8a16 16 0 0 1 2.8 9.4Zm40.4-85.7V17.2h9.8c2.9.1 5.1.4 6.7.8 2.3.6 4.4 2.2 6.2 4.8a16 16 0 0 1 2.8 9.4c0 4.3-1.4 8-4 10.9-2.6 3-8.5 4.4-17.6 4.4h-4Zm25.5 85.7c0 4.3-1.4 8-4 10.9-2.6 3-8.5 4.4-17.6 4.4h-4V118h5c5.4 0 9.3.3 11.6.9 2.3.6 4.4 2.2 6.2 4.8a16 16 0 0 1 2.8 9.4Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg></span></a><!-- PRIMARY NAVIGATION --><nav class="c-site-header__nav--primary o-nav o-nav--primary"><ul class="c-site-header__mini-nav h-lt-laptop"><!-- SEARCH --><li class="c-site-header__search"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/search" class="c-site-header__mini-nav-link " aria-label="Search"><span class="icon i-search"><svg fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M13.65 11.99a7.58 7.58 0 0 0-1.46-9.59 7.28 7.28 0 0 0-10.39.76 7.58 7.58 0 0 0 .74 10.56 7.28 7.28 0 0 0 9.64.01l5.92 5.39c.47.41 1.18.36 1.6-.12.4-.48.35-1.2-.12-1.62l-5.93-5.4Zm-2.93-7.85a5.26 5.26 0 0 1 .51 7.33 5.05 5.05 0 0 1-7.21.52 5.26 5.26 0 0 1-.51-7.33 5.05 5.05 0 0 1 7.2-.52Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg></span></a></li><!-- MENU TRIGGER --><li class="c-site-header__trigger"><a href="#site-menu" id="js-menu-open" class="c-site-header__mini-nav-link js-menu-toggle"><span class="icon i-menu"><svg fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 30 30"><path d="M0 21.214a2.357 2.357 0 0 1 2.357-2.357h25.286a2.357 2.357 0 1 1 0 4.715H2.357A2.357 2.357 0 0 1 0 21.213ZM0 9.214a2.357 2.357 0 0 1 2.357-2.357h25.286a2.357 2.357 0 0 1 0 4.715H2.357A2.357 2.357 0 0 1 0 9.213Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg></span></a></li></ul><ul class="o-nav__list h-gt-laptop"><li class="o-nav__item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/research-and-ideas" class="o-nav__link "> Research and ideas </a></li><li class="o-nav__item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/who-we-are" class="o-nav__link "> Who we are </a></li><li class="o-nav__item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/events" class="o-nav__link "> Events </a></li><li class="o-nav__item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/media-office" class="o-nav__link is-active"> Press </a></li><li class="o-nav__item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/get-involved" class="o-nav__link "> Get involved </a></li><li class="o-nav__item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/search" class="o-nav__link o-inline-icon " aria-label="Search"><span class="icon i-search" aria-hidden="true"><svg fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M13.65 11.99a7.58 7.58 0 0 0-1.46-9.59 7.28 7.28 0 0 0-10.39.76 7.58 7.58 0 0 0 .74 10.56 7.28 7.28 0 0 0 9.64.01l5.92 5.39c.47.41 1.18.36 1.6-.12.4-.48.35-1.2-.12-1.62l-5.93-5.4Zm-2.93-7.85a5.26 5.26 0 0 1 .51 7.33 5.05 5.05 0 0 1-7.21.52 5.26 5.26 0 0 1-.51-7.33 5.05 5.05 0 0 1 7.2-.52Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg></span></a></li></ul></nav><!-- SECONDARY NAVIGATION --><nav class="c-site-header__nav--secondary o-nav h-gt-laptop"><ul class="c-site-header__list"><li class="c-site-header__item h-brand--north"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/north" class="c-site-header__link " aria-label="IPPR North"><span class="icon i-logo--north"><svg fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 56 56"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M44.9 50.86v4.64h-8.29l-5.09-10-.92.02H28v5.33h3.46v4.65H17.48v-4.65h3.46v-6.81c-.9.53-1.9.9-3.02 1.11-1.28.24-2.88.37-4.8.37h-2.6v5.33h3.45v4.65H0v-4.65h3.45v-18.2H0v-9.3h3.45V5.15H0V.5h13.97v4.65h-3.45v18.2h3.45V28h.33c1.16 0 2.21.1 3.18.29v-4.94h3.46V5.15h-3.46V.5h14.3c3.34 0 5.91.8 7.73 2.37 1.81 1.58 2.72 3.71 2.72 6.39a9 9 0 0 1-.96 4.16 7.41 7.41 0 0 1-2.45 2.87 9.14 9.14 0 0 1-3.41 1.36c-1.28.24-2.89.37-4.81.37H28v5.33h3.49V28h.3c3.33 0 5.9.8 7.72 2.37 1.81 1.58 2.72 3.71 2.72 6.39a9 9 0 0 1-.96 4.16 7.42 7.42 0 0 1-3.37 3.4l3.47 6.54h3.54ZM16.26 39.73c.7-.8 1.04-1.79 1.04-2.97 0-1-.24-1.86-.72-2.56a2.98 2.98 0 0 0-1.66-1.3c-.63-.17-1.65-.25-3.06-.25h-1.33v8.28h1.05c2.42 0 3.98-.4 4.68-1.2ZM28 5.18v8.25h1.06c2.42 0 3.97-.4 4.67-1.2.7-.8 1.04-1.79 1.04-2.97 0-1-.24-1.86-.72-2.56a2.97 2.97 0 0 0-1.66-1.3 9.14 9.14 0 0 0-1.79-.23v.01H28Zm5.73 34.55c.7-.8 1.04-1.79 1.04-2.97 0-1-.24-1.86-.72-2.56a2.98 2.98 0 0 0-1.66-1.3c-.62-.17-1.64-.25-3.06-.25H28v8.28h1.06c2.42 0 3.97-.4 4.67-1.2Z" fill="currentColor"/><path d="M55.82 50.66v4.84h-1.84v-1.47h-7.22v1.47h-1.85v-4.63l6.82-4.08h-4.97v1.45h-1.85v-4.97h1.85v1.55h9.14v2.47l-8.1 4.76h6.18v-1.39h1.84Z" fill="currentColor"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M52.01 35.21c2.38 0 3.99 1.61 3.99 4.04 0 2.42-1.6 4.05-3.99 4.05-2.37 0-3.96-1.63-3.96-4.05 0-2.43 1.59-4.04 3.96-4.04Zm.04 5.57c1.3 0 2.07-.57 2.07-1.51 0-1-.77-1.54-2.15-1.54-1.29 0-2.06.57-2.06 1.54 0 .97.77 1.5 2.14 1.5Z" fill="currentColor"/><path d="M54.07 30.59v-1.53h1.75v5.4h-1.75v-1.41H50v1.33h-1.75V30.8h1.91a2.74 2.74 0 0 1-2.04-2.7v-.38h2.3v.25c0 1.12.32 1.8 1.06 2.21.46.26 1.07.4 1.67.4h.93ZM49.99 26.32v.98h-1.75v-.98h-1.2l-1.74-2.46h2.94v-1.41h1.75v1.41h3.28c.62 0 .75-.11.75-.65 0-.26-.03-.4-.14-.76h1.67c.26.62.39 1.27.39 1.85 0 .7-.25 1.34-.66 1.66-.34.3-.61.36-1.32.36h-3.97ZM55.82 17.1v4.8h-1.75v-1.18h-7.4v1.17H44.9v-3.7h3.94c-.64-.94-.8-1.4-.8-2.17 0-.96.43-1.75 1.15-2.09.52-.24.7-.27 1.64-.27h3.23v-1.13h1.75v3.58h-4.87c-.67 0-.93.22-.93.79 0 .4.11.73.48 1.3h3.57v-1.1h1.75Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg></span></a></li><li class="c-site-header__item h-brand--scotland"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/scotland" class="c-site-header__link " aria-label="IPPR Scotland"><span class="icon i-logo--scotland"><svg fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 56 56"><path d="M46 55.4v-4.63h-3.63l-3.55-6.52a7.46 7.46 0 0 0 3.46-3.4 8.8 8.8 0 0 0 .97-4.15c0-2.67-.93-4.8-2.79-6.38-1.85-1.58-4.49-2.37-7.9-2.37h-.3v-4.63h-3.58v-5.33h2.66c1.97 0 3.61-.13 4.93-.37a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 3.5-1.36 7.46 7.46 0 0 0 2.5-2.86 8.8 8.8 0 0 0 .98-4.16c0-2.67-.93-4.8-2.79-6.37C38.61 1.29 35.97.5 32.56.5H17.9v4.64h3.54v18.18H17.9v4.92c-1-.19-2.08-.29-3.26-.29h-.34v-4.63h-3.54V5.14h3.54V.5H0v4.64h3.54v18.18H0v9.27h3.54v18.18H0v4.64h14.31v-4.64h-3.54v-5.33h2.66c1.97 0 3.62-.12 4.93-.37a9.67 9.67 0 0 0 3.09-1.1v6.8H17.9v4.64h14.31v-4.64h-3.54v-5.33h2.66l.95-.01 5.2 9.98H46ZM17.7 36.7c0 1.18-.35 2.17-1.06 2.97-.71.8-2.3 1.2-4.79 1.2h-1.08v-8.28h1.36c1.45 0 2.5.08 3.14.25.64.16 1.2.6 1.7 1.3.5.7.74 1.56.74 2.56Zm10.98-23.3V5.18h2.66c.8.03 1.41.1 1.84.21.64.17 1.2.6 1.7 1.3.49.71.74 1.56.74 2.56 0 1.19-.36 2.18-1.07 2.97-.72.8-2.31 1.2-4.79 1.2h-1.08Zm6.94 23.3a4.3 4.3 0 0 1-1.07 2.97c-.72.8-2.31 1.2-4.79 1.2h-1.08v-8.28h1.36c1.45 0 2.5.08 3.14.25.64.16 1.2.6 1.7 1.3.49.7.74 1.56.74 2.56Z" fill="currentColor"/><path d="M55.84 55.41v-1.65h-.82c.63-.46.94-1.12.94-1.98 0-.55-.15-1.08-.4-1.55-.52-.87-1.31-1.28-2.5-1.28-.93 0-1.69.34-2.25.99-.4.49-.56.76-1.08 1.92-.56 1.25-.83 1.59-1.34 1.59-.44 0-.79-.42-.79-.97 0-.74.55-1.28 1.44-1.4v-1.64h-2.96v1.65h.8c-.6.42-.9 1.03-.9 1.8 0 1.5 1.12 2.61 2.66 2.61.75 0 1.4-.26 1.85-.75.36-.39.72-.95 1.1-1.74l.41-.83c.3-.63.75-.98 1.24-.98.59 0 1.05.48 1.05 1.07 0 .89-.66 1.45-1.77 1.5v1.64h3.32Zm-6.78-13.67v1.48h.54c-.46.7-.66 1.3-.66 2.06a3.35 3.35 0 0 0 3.5 3.44c2.15 0 3.56-1.54 3.56-3.88 0-1.57-.7-2.69-2.06-3.3l-.74 1.68c.67.4 1.09 1.04 1.09 1.73 0 .97-.7 1.54-1.88 1.54-1.07 0-1.74-.6-1.74-1.57 0-.73.38-1.29 1.13-1.63v-1.55h-2.74Zm6.94-3.9c0-2.14-1.44-3.56-3.57-3.56-2.12 0-3.55 1.42-3.55 3.56s1.43 3.58 3.55 3.58c2.13 0 3.57-1.44 3.57-3.58Zm-1.68.02c0 .83-.7 1.33-1.86 1.33-1.22 0-1.9-.47-1.9-1.33 0-.85.68-1.35 1.83-1.35 1.24 0 1.93.47 1.93 1.35Zm-3.7-3.7v-.86h3.55c.64 0 .88-.06 1.18-.32.38-.28.6-.84.6-1.46 0-.52-.12-1.1-.35-1.64h-1.5c.1.32.13.45.13.68 0 .47-.11.57-.67.57h-2.94v-1.25h-1.56v1.25h-2.64l1.56 2.17h1.08v.86h1.56Zm5.22-4.62v-4.21h-1.57v.94h-8.19v3.27h1.57V28.5h6.62v1.04h1.57Zm-1.57-12.02v1.11H51.8c-1.1 0-1.46.07-1.95.43-.66.48-.98 1.37-.98 2.73 0 1.71.5 2.75 1.62 3.3l.32-1.76a1.57 1.57 0 0 1-.55-1.24c0-.77.48-1.29 1.2-1.29h.4a3.8 3.8 0 0 0-.33 1.55c0 1.61.96 2.78 2.28 2.78 1.23 0 2.13-1.05 2.13-2.48 0-.67-.18-1.22-.63-1.85h.53v-3.28h-1.57Zm-.94 3.28h.56c.51.58.7.92.7 1.35 0 .5-.39.88-.9.88-.5 0-.85-.4-.85-.98 0-.34.1-.59.41-1.13l.08-.12Zm-2.7-3.56v-1.05h3.64v1.05h1.57v-4.26h-1.57v1.04h-3.06c-.29-.4-.44-.83-.44-1.2 0-.51.24-.68.96-.68h4.11V8.96h-1.57v1.02h-2.7c-.8 0-1.26.09-1.68.3-.59.32-.95.98-.95 1.74 0 .7.22 1.28.73 2h-.61v3.22h1.56ZM54.26.79v1.07h-8.19v3.26h1.57V4.06h2.14c-.58.5-.9 1.2-.9 1.96 0 1.66 1.53 2.94 3.52 2.94 2 0 3.53-1.26 3.53-2.93 0-.73-.26-1.3-.9-1.97h.8V.8h-1.57Zm-1.85 3.26c1.14 0 1.81.49 1.81 1.35 0 .82-.7 1.33-1.81 1.33-1.12 0-1.8-.5-1.8-1.33 0-.85.68-1.35 1.8-1.35Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg></span></a></li></ul></nav></div></header><nav class="c-site-menu h-lt-laptop" id="site-menu" hidden><h3 class="h-accessibility">Site Menu.</h3><div class="c-site-menu__inner"><!-- tertiary nav --><nav class="c-site-menu__nav--tertiary"><button id="js-menu-close" class="c-site-menu__trigger js-menu-close" aria-label="Close"><span class="icon i-close"><svg fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 31 31"><path d="M5.627 2.21a2.417 2.417 0 1 0-3.418 3.418l9.873 9.873-9.873 9.873a2.417 2.417 0 0 0 3.418 3.418L15.5 18.92l9.873 9.873a2.417 2.417 0 0 0 3.418-3.418l-9.873-9.873 9.873-9.873a2.417 2.417 0 1 0-3.418-3.418L15.5 12.083 5.627 2.21Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg></span></button><a href="https://www.ippr.org/search" class="c-site-menu__search " aria-label="Search"><span class="icon i-search"><svg fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M13.65 11.99a7.58 7.58 0 0 0-1.46-9.59 7.28 7.28 0 0 0-10.39.76 7.58 7.58 0 0 0 .74 10.56 7.28 7.28 0 0 0 9.64.01l5.92 5.39c.47.41 1.18.36 1.6-.12.4-.48.35-1.2-.12-1.62l-5.93-5.4Zm-2.93-7.85a5.26 5.26 0 0 1 .51 7.33 5.05 5.05 0 0 1-7.21.52 5.26 5.26 0 0 1-.51-7.33 5.05 5.05 0 0 1 7.2-.52Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg></span></a></nav><!-- primary nav --><nav class="c-site-menu__nav--primary"><h4 class="h-accessibility">Main Site Sections.</h4><ul class="c-site-menu__nav-list"><li class="c-site-menu__nav-item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/research-and-ideas" class="c-site-menu__nav-link "> Research and ideas </a></li><li class="c-site-menu__nav-item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/who-we-are" class="c-site-menu__nav-link "> Who we are </a></li><li class="c-site-menu__nav-item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/events" class="c-site-menu__nav-link "> Events </a></li><li class="c-site-menu__nav-item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/media-office" class="c-site-menu__nav-link is-active"> Press </a></li><li class="c-site-menu__nav-item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/get-involved" class="c-site-menu__nav-link "> Get involved </a></li></ul></nav><!-- secondary nav --><nav class="c-site-menu__nav--secondary"><ul class="c-site-menu__nav-list"><li class="c-site-menu__nav-item h-brand--north"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/north" class="c-site-menu__nav-link " aria-label="IPPR North"><span class="icon i-logo--north"><svg fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 56 56"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M44.9 50.86v4.64h-8.29l-5.09-10-.92.02H28v5.33h3.46v4.65H17.48v-4.65h3.46v-6.81c-.9.53-1.9.9-3.02 1.11-1.28.24-2.88.37-4.8.37h-2.6v5.33h3.45v4.65H0v-4.65h3.45v-18.2H0v-9.3h3.45V5.15H0V.5h13.97v4.65h-3.45v18.2h3.45V28h.33c1.16 0 2.21.1 3.18.29v-4.94h3.46V5.15h-3.46V.5h14.3c3.34 0 5.91.8 7.73 2.37 1.81 1.58 2.72 3.71 2.72 6.39a9 9 0 0 1-.96 4.16 7.41 7.41 0 0 1-2.45 2.87 9.14 9.14 0 0 1-3.41 1.36c-1.28.24-2.89.37-4.81.37H28v5.33h3.49V28h.3c3.33 0 5.9.8 7.72 2.37 1.81 1.58 2.72 3.71 2.72 6.39a9 9 0 0 1-.96 4.16 7.42 7.42 0 0 1-3.37 3.4l3.47 6.54h3.54ZM16.26 39.73c.7-.8 1.04-1.79 1.04-2.97 0-1-.24-1.86-.72-2.56a2.98 2.98 0 0 0-1.66-1.3c-.63-.17-1.65-.25-3.06-.25h-1.33v8.28h1.05c2.42 0 3.98-.4 4.68-1.2ZM28 5.18v8.25h1.06c2.42 0 3.97-.4 4.67-1.2.7-.8 1.04-1.79 1.04-2.97 0-1-.24-1.86-.72-2.56a2.97 2.97 0 0 0-1.66-1.3 9.14 9.14 0 0 0-1.79-.23v.01H28Zm5.73 34.55c.7-.8 1.04-1.79 1.04-2.97 0-1-.24-1.86-.72-2.56a2.98 2.98 0 0 0-1.66-1.3c-.62-.17-1.64-.25-3.06-.25H28v8.28h1.06c2.42 0 3.97-.4 4.67-1.2Z" fill="currentColor"/><path d="M55.82 50.66v4.84h-1.84v-1.47h-7.22v1.47h-1.85v-4.63l6.82-4.08h-4.97v1.45h-1.85v-4.97h1.85v1.55h9.14v2.47l-8.1 4.76h6.18v-1.39h1.84Z" fill="currentColor"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M52.01 35.21c2.38 0 3.99 1.61 3.99 4.04 0 2.42-1.6 4.05-3.99 4.05-2.37 0-3.96-1.63-3.96-4.05 0-2.43 1.59-4.04 3.96-4.04Zm.04 5.57c1.3 0 2.07-.57 2.07-1.51 0-1-.77-1.54-2.15-1.54-1.29 0-2.06.57-2.06 1.54 0 .97.77 1.5 2.14 1.5Z" fill="currentColor"/><path d="M54.07 30.59v-1.53h1.75v5.4h-1.75v-1.41H50v1.33h-1.75V30.8h1.91a2.74 2.74 0 0 1-2.04-2.7v-.38h2.3v.25c0 1.12.32 1.8 1.06 2.21.46.26 1.07.4 1.67.4h.93ZM49.99 26.32v.98h-1.75v-.98h-1.2l-1.74-2.46h2.94v-1.41h1.75v1.41h3.28c.62 0 .75-.11.75-.65 0-.26-.03-.4-.14-.76h1.67c.26.62.39 1.27.39 1.85 0 .7-.25 1.34-.66 1.66-.34.3-.61.36-1.32.36h-3.97ZM55.82 17.1v4.8h-1.75v-1.18h-7.4v1.17H44.9v-3.7h3.94c-.64-.94-.8-1.4-.8-2.17 0-.96.43-1.75 1.15-2.09.52-.24.7-.27 1.64-.27h3.23v-1.13h1.75v3.58h-4.87c-.67 0-.93.22-.93.79 0 .4.11.73.48 1.3h3.57v-1.1h1.75Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg></span></a></li><li class="c-site-menu__nav-item h-brand--scotland"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/scotland" class="c-site-menu__nav-link " aria-label="IPPR Scotland"><span class="icon i-logo--scotland"><svg fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 56 56"><path d="M46 55.4v-4.63h-3.63l-3.55-6.52a7.46 7.46 0 0 0 3.46-3.4 8.8 8.8 0 0 0 .97-4.15c0-2.67-.93-4.8-2.79-6.38-1.85-1.58-4.49-2.37-7.9-2.37h-.3v-4.63h-3.58v-5.33h2.66c1.97 0 3.61-.13 4.93-.37a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 3.5-1.36 7.46 7.46 0 0 0 2.5-2.86 8.8 8.8 0 0 0 .98-4.16c0-2.67-.93-4.8-2.79-6.37C38.61 1.29 35.97.5 32.56.5H17.9v4.64h3.54v18.18H17.9v4.92c-1-.19-2.08-.29-3.26-.29h-.34v-4.63h-3.54V5.14h3.54V.5H0v4.64h3.54v18.18H0v9.27h3.54v18.18H0v4.64h14.31v-4.64h-3.54v-5.33h2.66c1.97 0 3.62-.12 4.93-.37a9.67 9.67 0 0 0 3.09-1.1v6.8H17.9v4.64h14.31v-4.64h-3.54v-5.33h2.66l.95-.01 5.2 9.98H46ZM17.7 36.7c0 1.18-.35 2.17-1.06 2.97-.71.8-2.3 1.2-4.79 1.2h-1.08v-8.28h1.36c1.45 0 2.5.08 3.14.25.64.16 1.2.6 1.7 1.3.5.7.74 1.56.74 2.56Zm10.98-23.3V5.18h2.66c.8.03 1.41.1 1.84.21.64.17 1.2.6 1.7 1.3.49.71.74 1.56.74 2.56 0 1.19-.36 2.18-1.07 2.97-.72.8-2.31 1.2-4.79 1.2h-1.08Zm6.94 23.3a4.3 4.3 0 0 1-1.07 2.97c-.72.8-2.31 1.2-4.79 1.2h-1.08v-8.28h1.36c1.45 0 2.5.08 3.14.25.64.16 1.2.6 1.7 1.3.49.7.74 1.56.74 2.56Z" fill="currentColor"/><path d="M55.84 55.41v-1.65h-.82c.63-.46.94-1.12.94-1.98 0-.55-.15-1.08-.4-1.55-.52-.87-1.31-1.28-2.5-1.28-.93 0-1.69.34-2.25.99-.4.49-.56.76-1.08 1.92-.56 1.25-.83 1.59-1.34 1.59-.44 0-.79-.42-.79-.97 0-.74.55-1.28 1.44-1.4v-1.64h-2.96v1.65h.8c-.6.42-.9 1.03-.9 1.8 0 1.5 1.12 2.61 2.66 2.61.75 0 1.4-.26 1.85-.75.36-.39.72-.95 1.1-1.74l.41-.83c.3-.63.75-.98 1.24-.98.59 0 1.05.48 1.05 1.07 0 .89-.66 1.45-1.77 1.5v1.64h3.32Zm-6.78-13.67v1.48h.54c-.46.7-.66 1.3-.66 2.06a3.35 3.35 0 0 0 3.5 3.44c2.15 0 3.56-1.54 3.56-3.88 0-1.57-.7-2.69-2.06-3.3l-.74 1.68c.67.4 1.09 1.04 1.09 1.73 0 .97-.7 1.54-1.88 1.54-1.07 0-1.74-.6-1.74-1.57 0-.73.38-1.29 1.13-1.63v-1.55h-2.74Zm6.94-3.9c0-2.14-1.44-3.56-3.57-3.56-2.12 0-3.55 1.42-3.55 3.56s1.43 3.58 3.55 3.58c2.13 0 3.57-1.44 3.57-3.58Zm-1.68.02c0 .83-.7 1.33-1.86 1.33-1.22 0-1.9-.47-1.9-1.33 0-.85.68-1.35 1.83-1.35 1.24 0 1.93.47 1.93 1.35Zm-3.7-3.7v-.86h3.55c.64 0 .88-.06 1.18-.32.38-.28.6-.84.6-1.46 0-.52-.12-1.1-.35-1.64h-1.5c.1.32.13.45.13.68 0 .47-.11.57-.67.57h-2.94v-1.25h-1.56v1.25h-2.64l1.56 2.17h1.08v.86h1.56Zm5.22-4.62v-4.21h-1.57v.94h-8.19v3.27h1.57V28.5h6.62v1.04h1.57Zm-1.57-12.02v1.11H51.8c-1.1 0-1.46.07-1.95.43-.66.48-.98 1.37-.98 2.73 0 1.71.5 2.75 1.62 3.3l.32-1.76a1.57 1.57 0 0 1-.55-1.24c0-.77.48-1.29 1.2-1.29h.4a3.8 3.8 0 0 0-.33 1.55c0 1.61.96 2.78 2.28 2.78 1.23 0 2.13-1.05 2.13-2.48 0-.67-.18-1.22-.63-1.85h.53v-3.28h-1.57Zm-.94 3.28h.56c.51.58.7.92.7 1.35 0 .5-.39.88-.9.88-.5 0-.85-.4-.85-.98 0-.34.1-.59.41-1.13l.08-.12Zm-2.7-3.56v-1.05h3.64v1.05h1.57v-4.26h-1.57v1.04h-3.06c-.29-.4-.44-.83-.44-1.2 0-.51.24-.68.96-.68h4.11V8.96h-1.57v1.02h-2.7c-.8 0-1.26.09-1.68.3-.59.32-.95.98-.95 1.74 0 .7.22 1.28.73 2h-.61v3.22h1.56ZM54.26.79v1.07h-8.19v3.26h1.57V4.06h2.14c-.58.5-.9 1.2-.9 1.96 0 1.66 1.53 2.94 3.52 2.94 2 0 3.53-1.26 3.53-2.93 0-.73-.26-1.3-.9-1.97h.8V.8h-1.57Zm-1.85 3.26c1.14 0 1.81.49 1.81 1.35 0 .82-.7 1.33-1.81 1.33-1.12 0-1.8-.5-1.8-1.33 0-.85.68-1.35 1.8-1.35Z" fill="currentColor"/></svg></span></a></li></ul></nav><a href="#site-main" class="h-accessibility c-site-menu__return js-menu-close">Return to main</a></div></nav><main class="c-site-main o-page-grid o-grid" role="main" id="site-main" tabindex="0"><div class="o-page-grid__header" id="page-header"><header class="c-page-header o-grid"><div class="c-page-header__container"><h1 class="c-page-header__title "> Press office </h1></div></header></div><div class="o-page-grid__menu" id="page-menu"></div><aside class="o-page-grid__sidebar "></aside><div class="o-page-grid__content" id="page-content"><section class="o-grid"><h2 class="h-accessibility">Press releases</h2><div id="block-31448" class="o-block o-text o-text-block o-grid__item h-colstart--1 h-colend--9 h-phone-colstart--1 h-phone-colend--13 has-h-col o-block--row-1" data-block='[]'><p>IPPR has one of the largest news and media profiles of any UK think tank, with our experts appearing regularly on national and international media.</p><p>You can see our latest press releases below, or use our site search to find what you're looking for.<br /><strong><br /></strong></p></div><div id="block-264780" class="o-block o-grid__item o-block--row-2" data-block='["text"]'><h3 class="h-accessibility">Contact list of staff members</h3><ul class="o-grid o-grid--contained o-grid--list o-list"><li class="c-staff-block o-grid__item h-colspan--321"><div class="o-image c-staff-block__image" style="--intrinsic-width:150px"><img class="o-image__img" src="https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/Staff/IPPR0759.jpg?w=150&amp;h=150&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=focalpoint&amp;fp-x=0.5774&amp;fp-y=0.2267&amp;dm=1728294067&amp;s=1aff9a6ade01bde4e2e9a95c4a99e730" width="150" height="150" loading="lazy" itemprop="image" alt="" ></div><h4 class="c-staff-block__title"> David Wastell </h4><dl class="c-staff-block__meta"><dt class="c-staff-block__key c-staff-block__role h-accessibility">Role</dt><dd class="c-staff-block__value c-staff-block__role">Director of news and communications</dd><dt class="c-staff-block__key c-staff-block__tel h-accessibility">Telephone</dt><dd class="c-staff-block__value c-staff-block__tel"><a href="tel:07921403651">07921 403651</a></dd><dt class="c-staff-block__key c-staff-block__email h-accessibility">Email</dt><dd class="c-staff-block__value c-staff-block__email"><a href="mailto:d.wastell@ippr.org">d.wastell@ippr.org</a></dd></dl></li><li class="c-staff-block o-grid__item h-colspan--321"><div class="o-image c-staff-block__image" style="--intrinsic-width:150px"><img class="o-image__img" src="https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/Staff/WhatsApp-Image-2024-09-17-at-16.02.18.jpeg?w=150&amp;h=150&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;crop=focalpoint&amp;fp-x=0.9204&amp;fp-y=0.0612&amp;dm=1728294433&amp;s=ddb2c3b113820253360cef347ab0f7d0" width="150" height="150" loading="lazy" itemprop="image" alt="" ></div><h4 class="c-staff-block__title"> Rosie Lockwood </h4><dl class="c-staff-block__meta"><dt class="c-staff-block__key c-staff-block__role h-accessibility">Role</dt><dd class="c-staff-block__value c-staff-block__role">Head of media and advocacy, IPPR North and IPPR Scotland</dd><dt class="c-staff-block__key c-staff-block__tel h-accessibility">Telephone</dt><dd class="c-staff-block__value c-staff-block__tel"><a href="tel:07585772633">0758 577 2633</a></dd><dt class="c-staff-block__key c-staff-block__email h-accessibility">Email</dt><dd class="c-staff-block__value c-staff-block__email"><a href="mailto:R.Lockwood@ippr.org">R.Lockwood@ippr.org</a></dd></dl></li><li class="c-staff-block o-grid__item h-colspan--321"><div class="o-image c-staff-block__image" style="--intrinsic-width:150px"><img class="o-image__img" src="https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/Headshots/Liam-profile.jpg?w=150&amp;h=150&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;dm=1725287665&amp;s=d27b57f1e71d8a08c7afdb69a1702fca" width="150" height="150" loading="lazy" itemprop="image" alt="" ></div><h4 class="c-staff-block__title"> Liam Evans </h4><dl class="c-staff-block__meta"><dt class="c-staff-block__key c-staff-block__role h-accessibility">Role</dt><dd class="c-staff-block__value c-staff-block__role">Senior digital and media officer</dd><dt class="c-staff-block__key c-staff-block__tel h-accessibility">Telephone</dt><dd class="c-staff-block__value c-staff-block__tel"><a href="tel:07419365334">07419 365 334</a></dd><dt class="c-staff-block__key c-staff-block__email h-accessibility">Email</dt><dd class="c-staff-block__value c-staff-block__email"><a href="mailto:l.evans@ippr.org">l.evans@ippr.org</a></dd></dl></li><li class="c-staff-block o-grid__item h-colspan--321"><div class="o-image c-staff-block__image" style="--intrinsic-width:150px"><img class="o-image__img" src="https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/Headshots/sukhada.png?w=150&amp;h=150&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;dm=1702040511&amp;s=c4e547fd1a4a9c338395e8de6c215d4f" width="150" height="150" loading="lazy" itemprop="image" alt="" ></div><h4 class="c-staff-block__title"> Sukhada Tatke </h4><dl class="c-staff-block__meta"><dt class="c-staff-block__key c-staff-block__role h-accessibility">Role</dt><dd class="c-staff-block__value c-staff-block__role">Media and impact officer, IPPR Scotland</dd><dt class="c-staff-block__key c-staff-block__tel h-accessibility">Telephone</dt><dd class="c-staff-block__value c-staff-block__tel"><a href="tel:07901169121">07901169121</a></dd><dt class="c-staff-block__key c-staff-block__email h-accessibility">Email</dt><dd class="c-staff-block__value c-staff-block__email"><a href="mailto:s.tatke@ippr.org">s.tatke@ippr.org</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div><div id="block-32196" class="o-block o-text o-text-block o-grid__item h-colstart--1 h-colend--9 h-phone-colstart--1 h-phone-colend--13 has-h-col o-block--row-3" data-block='["contactList"]'><h2>Latest press releases</h2></div></section><section class="o-grid"><h2 class="h-accessibility">List of press Articles</h2><ol class="o-grid__item o-grid o-grid--contained o-list"><li class="o-grid__item o-block h-colspan--321"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/media-office/first-of-its-kind-analysis-of-more-than-3-000-uk-ai-firms-finds-industry-lacks-purpose" target="_self" class="c-media c-media--link c-media--press"><div class="c-media__image"><div class="o-image" style="--intrinsic-width:725px"><img class="o-image__img" src="https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/Placeholders/placeholder-4.png?w=725&amp;h=413&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;dm=1702910981&amp;s=fd4825440f30bc657d15a98b1199d377" width="725" height="413" loading="lazy" itemprop="image" alt="" ></div></div><h3 class="c-media__title "> First-of-its-kind analysis of more than 3,000 UK AI firms finds industry lacks purpose </h3><time class="c-media__datetime "> 9 April 2025 </time></a></li><li class="o-grid__item o-block h-colspan--321"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/media-office/revealed-around-25-000-uk-jobs-at-risk-due-to-trumps-car-import-tariffs-finds-ippr" target="_self" class="c-media c-media--link c-media--press"><div class="c-media__image"><div class="o-image" style="--intrinsic-width:725px"><img class="o-image__img" src="https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/Placeholders/placeholder-3.png?w=725&amp;h=413&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;dm=1702910975&amp;s=9ede727c16949ea71cf91062d9cdb290" width="725" height="413" loading="lazy" itemprop="image" alt="" ></div></div><h3 class="c-media__title "> Revealed: Around 25,000 UK jobs at risk due to Trump’s car import tariffs, finds IPPR </h3><time class="c-media__datetime "> 2 April 2025 </time></a></li><li class="o-grid__item o-block h-colspan--321"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/media-office/leading-think-tank-for-the-north-reacts-to-transport-funding-announcement" target="_self" class="c-media c-media--link c-media--press"><div class="c-media__image"><div class="o-image" style="--intrinsic-width:725px"><img class="o-image__img" src="https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/Placeholders/placeholder-2.png?w=725&amp;h=413&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;dm=1702910980&amp;s=33f67d8ccee9b243ba93ca03ba08a6a1" width="725" height="413" loading="lazy" itemprop="image" alt="" ></div></div><h3 class="c-media__title "> Leading think tank for the North reacts to transport funding announcement </h3><time class="c-media__datetime "> 28 March 2025 </time></a></li><li class="o-grid__item o-block h-colspan--321"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/media-office/ippr-scotland-responds-to-scottish-governments-child-poverty-statistics" target="_self" class="c-media c-media--link c-media--press"><div class="c-media__image"><div class="o-image" style="--intrinsic-width:725px"><img class="o-image__img" src="https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/Placeholders/placeholder-5.png?w=725&amp;h=413&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;dm=1702910978&amp;s=fc4b9a7ce351547cd7f9e74ee4c03b70" width="725" height="413" loading="lazy" itemprop="image" alt="" ></div></div><h3 class="c-media__title "> IPPR Scotland responds to Scottish government’s child poverty statistics </h3><time class="c-media__datetime "> 27 March 2025 </time></a></li><li class="o-grid__item o-block h-colspan--321"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/media-office/ippr-scotland-responds-to-uk-governments-spring-statement" target="_self" class="c-media c-media--link c-media--press"><div class="c-media__image"><div class="o-image" style="--intrinsic-width:725px"><img class="o-image__img" src="https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/Placeholders/placeholder-3.png?w=725&amp;h=413&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;dm=1702910975&amp;s=9ede727c16949ea71cf91062d9cdb290" width="725" height="413" loading="lazy" itemprop="image" alt="" ></div></div><h3 class="c-media__title "> IPPR Scotland responds to UK government’s spring statement </h3><time class="c-media__datetime "> 26 March 2025 </time></a></li><li class="o-grid__item o-block h-colspan--321"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/media-office/ippr-north-responds-to-the-spring-statement-2" target="_self" class="c-media c-media--link c-media--press"><div class="c-media__image"><div class="o-image" style="--intrinsic-width:725px"><img class="o-image__img" src="https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/Placeholders/placeholder-2.png?w=725&amp;h=413&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;dm=1702910980&amp;s=33f67d8ccee9b243ba93ca03ba08a6a1" width="725" height="413" loading="lazy" itemprop="image" alt="" ></div></div><h3 class="c-media__title "> IPPR North responds to the Spring Statement </h3><time class="c-media__datetime "> 26 March 2025 </time></a></li><li class="o-grid__item o-block h-colspan--321"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/media-office/todays-spring-statement-wont-avert-the-need-to-talk-about-tax-says-ippr" target="_self" class="c-media c-media--link c-media--press"><div class="c-media__image"><div class="o-image" style="--intrinsic-width:725px"><img class="o-image__img" src="https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/Placeholders/placeholder-4.png?w=725&amp;h=413&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;dm=1702910981&amp;s=fd4825440f30bc657d15a98b1199d377" width="725" height="413" loading="lazy" itemprop="image" alt="" ></div></div><h3 class="c-media__title "> Today’s spring statement won’t avert the need to talk about tax, says IPPR </h3><time class="c-media__datetime "> 26 March 2025 </time></a></li><li class="o-grid__item o-block h-colspan--321"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/media-office/the-future-is-clean-and-the-north-holds-the-key" target="_self" class="c-media c-media--link c-media--press"><div class="c-media__image"><div class="o-image" style="--intrinsic-width:725px"><img class="o-image__img" src="https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/Placeholders/placeholder-3.png?w=725&amp;h=413&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;dm=1702910975&amp;s=9ede727c16949ea71cf91062d9cdb290" width="725" height="413" loading="lazy" itemprop="image" alt="" ></div></div><h3 class="c-media__title "> The future is clean, and the North holds the key </h3><time class="c-media__datetime "> 25 March 2025 </time></a></li><li class="o-grid__item o-block h-colspan--321"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/media-office/think-tank-warns-without-urgent-investment-scotland-will-miss-child-poverty-target-in-2030" target="_self" class="c-media c-media--link c-media--press"><div class="c-media__image"><div class="o-image" style="--intrinsic-width:725px"><img class="o-image__img" src="https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/Placeholders/placeholder-2.png?w=725&amp;h=413&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;dm=1702910980&amp;s=33f67d8ccee9b243ba93ca03ba08a6a1" width="725" height="413" loading="lazy" itemprop="image" alt="" ></div></div><h3 class="c-media__title "> Think tank warns: without urgent investment, Scotland will miss child poverty target in 2030 </h3><time class="c-media__datetime "> 24 March 2025 </time></a></li><li class="o-grid__item o-block h-colspan--321"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/media-office/interest-rate-reaction-uk-economy-in-a-limbo-period-waiting-for-budget-changes-to-take-effect-says-ippr" target="_self" class="c-media c-media--link c-media--press"><div class="c-media__image"><div class="o-image" style="--intrinsic-width:725px"><img class="o-image__img" src="https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/Placeholders/placeholder-5.png?w=725&amp;h=413&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;dm=1702910978&amp;s=fc4b9a7ce351547cd7f9e74ee4c03b70" width="725" height="413" loading="lazy" itemprop="image" alt="" ></div></div><h3 class="c-media__title "> Interest rate reaction: UK economy ‘in a limbo period’ waiting for budget changes to take effect, says IPPR </h3><time class="c-media__datetime "> 20 March 2025 </time></a></li><li class="o-grid__item o-block h-colspan--321"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/media-office/ippr-scotland-responds-to-project-willow" target="_self" class="c-media c-media--link c-media--press"><div class="c-media__image"><div class="o-image" style="--intrinsic-width:725px"><img class="o-image__img" src="https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/Placeholders/placeholder-5.png?w=725&amp;h=413&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;dm=1702910978&amp;s=fc4b9a7ce351547cd7f9e74ee4c03b70" width="725" height="413" loading="lazy" itemprop="image" alt="" ></div></div><h3 class="c-media__title "> IPPR Scotland responds to Project Willow </h3><time class="c-media__datetime "> 19 March 2025 </time></a></li><li class="o-grid__item o-block h-colspan--321"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/media-office/push-ahead-on-most-ambitious-approach-to-great-british-energy-or-risk-disappointing-voters-ippr-urges-government" target="_self" class="c-media c-media--link c-media--press"><div class="c-media__image"><div class="o-image" style="--intrinsic-width:725px"><img class="o-image__img" src="https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/Placeholders/placeholder-3.png?w=725&amp;h=413&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;dm=1702910975&amp;s=9ede727c16949ea71cf91062d9cdb290" width="725" height="413" loading="lazy" itemprop="image" alt="" ></div></div><h3 class="c-media__title "> Push ahead on ‘most ambitious’ approach to Great British Energy or risk disappointing voters, IPPR urges government </h3><time class="c-media__datetime "> 19 March 2025 </time></a></li></ol><nav class="c-pagination o-grid__item" aria-label="Pagination." ><ol class="c-pagination__list"><li class="c-pagination__item is-first" role="none"><span class="c-pagination__link"> First </span></li><li class="c-pagination__item is-previous" role="none"><span class="c-pagination__link"><span class="h-accessibility">Previous.</span><span class="icon i-chevron i-chevron--right"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="63" viewBox="0 0 40 63"><path fill="currentColor" d="M39.4127756,8.20012202 L14.9852538,31.5 L39.4127756,54.799878 C40.1703036,55.5224363 40.1986532,56.7222846 39.4760964,57.4798141 C39.455491,57.5014168 39.4343782,57.5225297 39.4127756,57.5431351 L34.2410715,62.4760986 C33.5087293,63.1746338 32.3568037,63.1746338 31.6244615,62.4760986 L0.587224424,32.8716285 C-0.170303563,32.1490702 -0.198653247,30.9492219 0.523903633,30.1916924 C0.544508978,30.1700897 0.565621799,30.1489769 0.587224424,30.1283715 L31.6244615,0.523901379 C32.3568037,-0.174633793 33.5087293,-0.174633793 34.2410715,0.523901379 L39.4127756,5.45686495 C40.1703036,6.17942329 40.1986532,7.37927158 39.4760964,8.1368011 C39.455491,8.15840377 39.4343782,8.17951663 39.4127756,8.20012202 Z"/></svg></span></span></li><li class="c-pagination__item is-active"><a href="#0" class="c-pagination__link" aria-current="page"><span class="c-pagination__current"> 1 </span></a></li><li class="c-pagination__item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/media-office/page-2" class="c-pagination__link" rel="prefetch">2</a></li><li class="c-pagination__item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/media-office/page-3" class="c-pagination__link" rel="prefetch">3</a></li><li class="c-pagination__item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/media-office/page-4" class="c-pagination__link" rel="prefetch">4</a></li><li class="c-pagination__item is-next"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/media-office/page-2" class="c-pagination__link"><span class="h-accessibility">Next.</span><span class="icon i-chevron i-chevron--right"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="63" viewBox="0 0 40 63"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0.587224424,8.20012202 C0.565621799,8.17951663 0.544508978,8.15840377 0.523903633,8.1368011 C-0.198653247,7.37927158 -0.170303563,6.17942329 0.587224424,5.45686495 L5.75892855,0.523901379 C6.49127071,-0.174633793 7.64319631,-0.174633793 8.37553847,0.523901379 L39.4127756,30.1283715 C39.4343782,30.1489769 39.455491,30.1700897 39.4760964,30.1916924 C40.1986532,30.9492219 40.1703036,32.1490702 39.4127756,32.8716285 L8.37553847,62.4760986 C7.64319631,63.1746338 6.49127071,63.1746338 5.75892855,62.4760986 L0.587224424,57.5431351 C0.565621799,57.5225297 0.544508978,57.5014168 0.523903633,57.4798141 C-0.198653247,56.7222846 -0.170303563,55.5224363 0.587224424,54.799878 L25.0147462,31.5 L0.587224424,8.20012202 Z"/></svg></span></a></li><li class="c-pagination__item is-last"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/media-office/page-107" class="c-pagination__link"> Last </a></li></ol></nav></section></div><aside class="o-page-grid__sidebar " id="page-sidebar"></aside><div class="o-page-grid__footer" id="page-footer"></div></main><footer class="c-site-footer o-grid"><div class="c-site-footer__contact"><h4 class="h-accessibility">Contact Details</h4></div><div class="c-site-footer__social"><nav class="c-site-social " aria-label="Social Media Links."><ul class="c-site-social__list"><li class="c-site-social__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/IPPR" rel="noreferrer" class="c-site-social__link"><span class="c-site-social__icon icon i-social"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="70" height="70" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 70 70"><g clip-path="url(#a)"><path d="M38.044 32.55 49.957 19h-2.823L36.79 30.765 28.53 19H19l12.493 17.79L19 51h2.823l10.923-12.424L41.471 51H51L38.044 32.55Zm-3.866 4.398-1.266-1.772L22.84 21.08h4.336l8.128 11.377 1.266 1.771 10.566 14.788h-4.337l-8.621-12.067Z"/></g><defs><clipPath id="a"><path d="M0 0h70v70H0z"/></clipPath></defs></svg></span><span class="h-accessibility">Twitter</span></a></li><li class="c-site-social__item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/82853" rel="noreferrer" class="c-site-social__link"><span class="c-site-social__icon icon i-social"><svg fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 70 70"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M25.1 19c0 1.2-.3 2.1-1 3-.7.7-1.7 1.1-3 1.1a3.9 3.9 0 0 1-4-4c-.1-1 .3-2 1-2.8.7-.9 1.7-1.3 3-1.3 1.2 0 2.2.4 2.9 1.2.7.8 1 1.8 1.1 2.9ZM17 51V24.9h8.1V51H17Zm11.9-16.9a139.9 139.9 0 0 0-.2-7.7h7.2l.4 3.4h.1a11 11 0 0 1 2.7-2.6c1.2-1 3-1.4 5-1.4 1.3 0 2.4.2 3.5.6 1.1.5 2 1.1 2.9 2 .7.8 1.4 2 1.8 3.3.5 1.3.7 2.8.7 4.6V51h-8V37.5c0-1.6-.4-2.9-1-4-.6-1-1.6-1.5-3-1.5-1.1 0-2 .3-2.5 1-.6.7-1 1.3-1.3 2l-.2 1v15h-8.1V34.1Z"/></svg></span><span class="h-accessibility">LinkedIn</span></a></li><li class="c-site-social__item"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/ippr_uk/" rel="noreferrer" class="c-site-social__link"><span class="c-site-social__icon icon i-social"><svg fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 70 70"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M35 15c-5.43 0-6.11.02-8.25.12-2.12.1-3.58.44-4.85.93a9.8 9.8 0 0 0-3.54 2.3 9.8 9.8 0 0 0-2.31 3.55c-.5 1.27-.83 2.73-.93 4.85-.1 2.14-.12 2.82-.12 8.25s.02 6.11.12 8.25c.1 2.12.44 3.58.93 4.85a9.8 9.8 0 0 0 2.3 3.54 9.8 9.8 0 0 0 3.55 2.31c1.27.5 2.73.83 4.85.93 2.14.1 2.82.12 8.25.12s6.11-.02 8.25-.12c2.12-.1 3.58-.44 4.85-.93a9.8 9.8 0 0 0 3.54-2.3 9.8 9.8 0 0 0 2.31-3.55c.5-1.27.83-2.73.93-4.85.1-2.14.12-2.82.12-8.25s-.02-6.11-.12-8.25c-.1-2.12-.44-3.58-.93-4.85a9.8 9.8 0 0 0-2.3-3.54 9.8 9.8 0 0 0-3.55-2.31c-1.27-.5-2.73-.83-4.85-.93-2.14-.1-2.82-.12-8.25-.12Zm0 3.6c5.34 0 5.97.02 8.08.12 1.95.09 3.01.42 3.72.69.93.36 1.6.8 2.3 1.5a6.2 6.2 0 0 1 1.5 2.3c.27.7.6 1.76.68 3.7.1 2.12.12 2.75.12 8.09s-.02 5.97-.12 8.08c-.09 1.95-.41 3.01-.69 3.72a6.2 6.2 0 0 1-1.5 2.3 6.2 6.2 0 0 1-2.3 1.5c-.7.27-1.76.6-3.7.68-2.12.1-2.75.12-8.09.12s-5.97-.02-8.08-.12c-1.95-.09-3.01-.41-3.72-.69a6.2 6.2 0 0 1-2.3-1.5 6.2 6.2 0 0 1-1.5-2.3c-.26-.7-.6-1.76-.68-3.7-.1-2.12-.12-2.75-.12-8.09s.02-5.97.12-8.08c.09-1.95.42-3.01.69-3.72.36-.93.8-1.6 1.5-2.3a6.2 6.2 0 0 1 2.3-1.5c.7-.26 1.76-.6 3.7-.68 2.12-.1 2.75-.12 8.09-.12Zm0 23.08a6.69 6.69 0 1 1 0-13.38 6.69 6.69 0 0 1 0 13.38ZM24.7 35a10.3 10.3 0 1 0 20.61 0 10.3 10.3 0 0 0-20.61 0Zm20.92-8.18a2.42 2.42 0 1 0 0-4.85 2.42 2.42 0 0 0 0 4.85Z"/></svg></span><span class="h-accessibility">Instagram</span></a></li><li class="c-site-social__item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCK8bnqASv4NQTSjGJh6awZw" rel="noreferrer" class="c-site-social__link"><span class="c-site-social__icon icon i-social"><svg fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 70 70"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M35 19c-5.4 0-9.6.2-12.6.5-3 .4-5.1 1.1-6.5 2.3a7.2 7.2 0 0 0-2.5 5 78 78 0 0 0 0 17.5c.2 2.1 1 3.8 2.5 5 1.4 1.1 3.6 1.9 6.5 2.2 3 .3 7.2.5 12.6.5 5.4 0 9.6-.2 12.6-.5s5.1-1 6.5-2.2a7.3 7.3 0 0 0 2.5-5 78 78 0 0 0 0-17.6c-.2-2.1-1-3.8-2.5-5a12.7 12.7 0 0 0-6.5-2.2c-3-.3-7.2-.5-12.6-.5Zm5.4 16.6-9 4.3h-1c-.3-.2-.4-.5-.4-1V31c0-.4.1-.7.4-.9h1l9 4.2c.4.2.6.4.6.7 0 .2-.2.5-.6.6Z"/></svg></span><span class="h-accessibility">YouTube</span></a></li><li class="c-site-social__item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/ipprUK" rel="noreferrer" class="c-site-social__link"><span class="c-site-social__icon icon i-social"><svg fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 70 70"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M45 22.6V16h-5.7c-2.3 0-4.3 1-5.9 2.8a10.2 10.2 0 0 0-2.3 6.7v3.7H25v6.2h6.1V54H38V35.4h6l1.1-6.2h-7.1v-4.4c0-.6.1-1.1.4-1.5.3-.5.7-.7 1-.7H45Z"/></svg></span><span class="h-accessibility">Facebook</span></a></li><li class="c-site-social__item"><a href="https://www.threads.net/@ippr_uk" rel="noreferrer" class="c-site-social__link"><span class="c-site-social__icon icon i-social"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="70" height="70" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 70 70"><g clip-path="url(#a)"><path d="M43.566 33.758c-.145-.07-.293-.137-.442-.202-.26-4.836-2.88-7.604-7.278-7.632h-.06c-2.63 0-4.819 1.132-6.166 3.193l2.42 1.674c1.006-1.54 2.584-1.868 3.747-1.868h.04c1.449.01 2.542.435 3.249 1.263.515.603.859 1.436 1.03 2.488-1.285-.22-2.673-.288-4.158-.202-4.182.243-6.87 2.703-6.69 6.121.092 1.734.948 3.226 2.412 4.2 1.237.824 2.83 1.227 4.487 1.136 2.187-.12 3.903-.963 5.1-2.502.909-1.168 1.483-2.683 1.737-4.591 1.043.634 1.815 1.47 2.242 2.473.725 1.706.768 4.51-1.5 6.796-1.988 2.002-4.377 2.868-7.986 2.895-4.005-.03-7.033-1.325-9.002-3.85-1.844-2.364-2.797-5.78-2.833-10.15.036-4.37.989-7.786 2.833-10.15 1.969-2.525 4.997-3.82 9.001-3.85 4.034.03 7.115 1.332 9.16 3.869 1.002 1.244 1.758 2.808 2.256 4.633L50 28.739c-.604-2.246-1.554-4.18-2.847-5.785-2.621-3.253-6.455-4.92-11.394-4.954h-.02c-4.928.034-8.719 1.707-11.265 4.972C22.208 25.878 21.04 29.92 21 34.988v.024c.04 5.068 1.208 9.11 3.474 12.016C27.02 50.293 30.811 51.966 35.74 52h.02c4.382-.03 7.47-1.188 10.015-3.752 3.33-3.355 3.229-7.56 2.132-10.142-.788-1.851-2.288-3.355-4.34-4.348ZM36 40.933c-1.833.105-3.737-.725-3.83-2.502-.07-1.318.929-2.789 3.943-2.964.345-.02.683-.03 1.016-.03 1.095 0 2.119.107 3.05.313-.348 4.374-2.384 5.084-4.179 5.184Z"/></g><defs><clipPath id="a"><path d="M0 0h70v70H0z"/></clipPath></defs></svg></span><span class="h-accessibility">Threads</span></a></li></ul></nav></div><nav class="c-site-footer__nav--primary o-nav o-nav--primary"><h4 class="h-accessibility">More Site Pages</h4><ul class="o-nav__list"><li class="o-nav__item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/jobs" class="o-nav__link "> Jobs </a></li><li class="o-nav__item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/who-we-are/contact-us" class="o-nav__link "> Contact us </a></li><li class="o-nav__item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/media-office" class="o-nav__link is-active"> Press </a></li><li class="o-nav__item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/get-involved/mailing-list" class="o-nav__link "> Mailing list </a></li></ul></nav><nav class="c-site-footer__nav--secondary o-nav o-nav--tertiary"><h4 class="h-accessibility">Legal Pages</h4><ul class="o-nav__list"><li class="o-nav__item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/who-we-are/terms-and-conditions" class="o-nav__link "> Terms and conditions </a></li><li class="o-nav__item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/who-we-are/accessibility" class="o-nav__link "> Accessibility </a></li><li class="o-nav__item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/who-we-are/privacy-policy" class="o-nav__link "> Privacy policy </a></li><li class="o-nav__item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/cookie-policy" class="o-nav__link "> Cookie policy </a></li><li class="o-nav__item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/who-we-are/safeguarding" class="o-nav__link "> Safeguarding </a></li><li class="o-nav__item"><a href="https://www.ippr.org/site-map" class="o-nav__link "> Site map </a></li></ul></nav><div class="c-site-footer__meta"><h4 class="h-accessibility">Small Print</h4><p>Charity registration number: England and Wales 800065, Scotland SC046557 - Company number: England and Wales 2292601.</p></div><div class="c-site-footer__credit"><p>Website by <a href="https://supercooldesign.co.uk" class="o-nav__link" style="display:inline" rel="nofollow">Supercool</a>.</p></div></footer><div id="site-modal"><v-modal></v-modal></div></div><!-- Civic UK Cookie Include --><script src="//cc.cdn.civiccomputing.com/9/cookieControl-9.x.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } gtag('consent', 'default', { 'ad_storage': 'denied', 'ad_user_data': 'denied', 'ad_personalization': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied' }); </script><script> var config = { "apiKey": "a88f7e6bf38bdc4266b54030ebeddac0c73ad3a0", "product": "CUSTOM", "optionalCookies": [ { "name": "analytics", "label": "Analytical Cookies", "description": "Analytical cookies help us to fulfil our charitable objectives, apply for funding to keep IPPR doing the things it does best and improve our website by collecting and reporting information on its usage.", "cookies": [ '_ga', '_ga*', '_gid', '_gat', '__utma', '__utmt', '__utmb', '__utmc', '__utmz', '__utmv' ], "onAccept": function () { gtag('consent', 'update', { 'analytics_storage': 'granted' }); CookieControlTriggerUpdateEvent(); document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('cookie-consent-updated')); }, "onRevoke": function () { gtag('consent', 'update', { 'analytics_storage': 'denied' }); CookieControlTriggerUpdateEvent(); } }, { "name": "marketing", "label": "Marketing Cookies", "description": "We use marketing cookies to help us improve the relevancy of advertising campaigns you receive.", "cookies": [ 'fr', 'tr', '_fbc', '_fbp', ], "onAccept": function () { gtag('consent', 'update', { 'ad_user_data': 'granted', 'ad_personalization': 'granted', 'ad_storage': 'granted' }); CookieControlTriggerUpdateEvent(); document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('cookie-consent-updated')); }, "onRevoke": function () { gtag('consent', 'update', { 'ad_user_data': 'denied', 'ad_personalization': 'denied', 'ad_storage': 'denied' }); CookieControlTriggerUpdateEvent(); } }, { "name": "security", "label": "Security", "description": "We use security cookies to help protect the site from malicious access.", "cookies": [], "onAccept": "function () {}", "onRevoke": "function () {}" }], "mode": "gdpr", "initialState": "box", "rejectButton": true, "subDomains": true, "excludedCountries": "open", "position": "left", "layout": "popup", "acceptBehaviour": "all", "closeStyle": "icon", "branding": { "fontColor": "", "backgroundColor": "#000", "removeAbout": true, "removeIcon": true, }, statement: { description: 'For more detailed information, please check our', name: 'Cookie and Privacy Statement', updated: '01/01/2023', url: '//www.ippr.org/cookie-policy', }, text: { notifyTitle: 'This website uses cookies', title: 'Your cookie settings', } }; CookieControl.load(config); var cookieControlUpdateTimer; function CookieControlTriggerUpdateEvent() { clearTimeout(cookieControlUpdateTimer); cookieControlUpdateTimer = setTimeout(function() { dataLayer.push({ 'event': 'cookie_consent_updated' }); }); } </script><!-- End Civic UK Cookie Include --><script src="https://www.ippr.org/dist/js/app-d54f404042.js"></script><!--Page Schema--><script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "WebPage", "author": { "@id": "https://www.ippr.org/" }, "copyrightHolder": { "@id": "Institute for Public Policy Research" }, "copyrightYear": "2025", "creator": { "@id": "https://www.supercooldesign.co.uk" }, "dateModified": "2025-04-09T16:33:20+01:00", "description": "The Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) is an independent charity working towards a fairer, greener, and more prosperous society.", "headline": "IPPR Media Office", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "/placeholder-large.png" }, "inLanguage": "en-gb", "name": "IPPR", "potentialAction": { "@type": "SearchAction", "target": "search?q={search_term_string}" }, "publisher": { "@id": "Institute for Public Policy Research" }, "url": "https://www.ippr.org/" } </script><script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "logo": "https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/IPPR-logos/IPPR-2017-Logo_Standard_darkteal.png?w=722&amp;h=873&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;dm=1728042372&amp;s=eec2e4c9c85cc2845c859e21d57951f8", "url": "https://www.ippr.org/", "sameAs" : ["https://twitter.com/IPPR","https://www.linkedin.com/company/82853","https://www.instagram.com/ippr_uk/","https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCK8bnqASv4NQTSjGJh6awZw","https://www.facebook.com/ipprUK","https://www.threads.net/@ippr_uk"], "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress","streetAddress": "8 Storey&#039;s Gate","addressLocality": "London","addressCountry": "UK","postalCode": "SW1P 3AY"} , "email": "", "name": "IPPR", "contactPoint" : [ { "@type" : "ContactPoint", "telephone" : "+442074706100", "contactType" : "Reception", "areaServed" : "GB", "availableLanguage": "English" } ] } </script><script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "LocalBusiness", "@id": "https://www.ippr.org/", "name": "IPPR", "email": "", "logo": "https://ippr-org.transforms.svdcdn.com/production/IPPR-logos/IPPR-2017-Logo_Standard_darkteal.png?w=722&amp;h=873&amp;q=100&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=crop&amp;dm=1728042372&amp;s=eec2e4c9c85cc2845c859e21d57951f8", "telephone": "+442074706100", "priceRange": "$$", "url": "https://www.ippr.org/", "sameAs" : ["https://twitter.com/IPPR", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/82853", "https://www.instagram.com/ippr_uk/", "https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCK8bnqASv4NQTSjGJh6awZw", "https://www.facebook.com/ipprUK", "https://www.threads.net/@ippr_uk" ], "image": [ ] , "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress","streetAddress": "8 Storey&#039;s Gate","addressLocality": "London","addressCountry": "UK","postalCode": "SW1P 3AY"} , "contactPoint" : [ { "@type" : "ContactPoint", "telephone" : "+442074706100", "contactType" : "Reception", "areaServed" : "GB", "availableLanguage": "English" } ] } </script><script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context":"https://schema.org", "@type":"ItemList", "itemListElement":[{ "@type":"ListItem", "position": 1, "url":"https://www.ippr.org/media-office/first-of-its-kind-analysis-of-more-than-3-000-uk-ai-firms-finds-industry-lacks-purpose" } , { "@type":"ListItem", "position": 2, "url":"https://www.ippr.org/media-office/revealed-around-25-000-uk-jobs-at-risk-due-to-trumps-car-import-tariffs-finds-ippr" } , { "@type":"ListItem", "position": 3, "url":"https://www.ippr.org/media-office/leading-think-tank-for-the-north-reacts-to-transport-funding-announcement" } , { "@type":"ListItem", "position": 4, "url":"https://www.ippr.org/media-office/ippr-scotland-responds-to-scottish-governments-child-poverty-statistics" } , { "@type":"ListItem", "position": 5, "url":"https://www.ippr.org/media-office/ippr-scotland-responds-to-uk-governments-spring-statement" } , { "@type":"ListItem", "position": 6, "url":"https://www.ippr.org/media-office/ippr-north-responds-to-the-spring-statement-2" } , { "@type":"ListItem", "position": 7, "url":"https://www.ippr.org/media-office/todays-spring-statement-wont-avert-the-need-to-talk-about-tax-says-ippr" } , { "@type":"ListItem", "position": 8, "url":"https://www.ippr.org/media-office/the-future-is-clean-and-the-north-holds-the-key" } , { "@type":"ListItem", "position": 9, "url":"https://www.ippr.org/media-office/think-tank-warns-without-urgent-investment-scotland-will-miss-child-poverty-target-in-2030" } , { "@type":"ListItem", "position": 10, "url":"https://www.ippr.org/media-office/interest-rate-reaction-uk-economy-in-a-limbo-period-waiting-for-budget-changes-to-take-effect-says-ippr" } , { "@type":"ListItem", "position": 11, "url":"https://www.ippr.org/media-office/ippr-scotland-responds-to-project-willow" } , { "@type":"ListItem", "position": 12, "url":"https://www.ippr.org/media-office/push-ahead-on-most-ambitious-approach-to-great-british-energy-or-risk-disappointing-voters-ippr-urges-government" } ] } </script><!-- dev only edit buttons --></body></html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10