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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Imperial Lady/Concubine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_Lady/Concubine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Issue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ancestry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الإمبراطور هانزيه – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإمبراطور هانزيه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1)" title="هانزی (ایمپیراتور) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هانزی (ایمپیراتور)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87" title="সম্রাট হানজেই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সম্রাট হানজেই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanzei_Thian-h%C3%B4ng" title="Hanzei Thian-hông – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hanzei Thian-hông" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanzei" title="Hanzei – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hanzei" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanzei" title="Hanzei – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hanzei" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanzei" title="Hanzei – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hanzei" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanzei" title="Hanzei – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hanzei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanzei_Tenn%C5%8D" title="Hanzei Tennō – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hanzei Tennō" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="امپراتور هانزی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امپراتور هانزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanzei" title="Hanzei – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hanzei" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%B4_%EC%B2%9C%ED%99%A9" title="한제이 천황 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="한제이 천황" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanzei" title="Hanzei – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hanzei" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisar_Hanzei" title="Kaisar Hanzei – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kaisar Hanzei" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanzei" title="Hanzei – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hanzei" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%94%E1%83%98" title="ჰანძეი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰანძეი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الامبراطور هانزيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الامبراطور هانزيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanzei" title="Hanzei – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hanzei" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%AD%A3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="反正天皇 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="反正天皇" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperator_Hanzei" title="Imperator Hanzei – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Imperator Hanzei" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanzei" title="Hanzei – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hanzei" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanzei" title="Hanzei – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hanzei" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%B9" title="Император Хандзэй – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Император Хандзэй" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Hanzei" title="Emperor Hanzei – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Emperor Hanzei" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesar_Hanzej" title="Cesar Hanzej – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cesar Hanzej" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_Hanzei" title="Car Hanzei – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Car Hanzei" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanzei" title="Hanzei – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hanzei" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperador_Hanzei" title="Emperador Hanzei – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Emperador Hanzei" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B" title="จักรพรรดิฮันเซ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิฮันเซ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanzei" title="Hanzei – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hanzei" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Імператор Хандзей – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Імператор Хандзей" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%C3%AAn_ho%C3%A0ng_Hanzei" title="Thiên hoàng Hanzei – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiên hoàng Hanzei" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Hanzei" title="Emperor Hanzei – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Emperor Hanzei" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%AD%A3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="反正天皇 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="反正天皇" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%AD%A3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="反正天皇 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="反正天皇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">18th Emperor of Japan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Emperor Hanzei<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">反正天皇</span></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:HanzeiTenn%C5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/HanzeiTenn%C5%8D.jpg/220px-HanzeiTenn%C5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/HanzeiTenn%C5%8D.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="221" data-file-height="228" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor of Japan</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">406 – 410 (traditional)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Rich%C5%AB" title="Emperor Richū">Richū</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ingy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ingyō">Ingyō</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">352<sup id="cite_ref-Henshall_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henshall-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">410 (aged 59–60)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><i>Mozu no Mimihara no Kita no misasagi</i></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">百舌鳥耳原北陵</span></span>)</span> (Osaka)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Princess Kai-hime</li> <li>Princess Tubura-hime</li> <li>Princess Takara-hime</li> <li>Prince Takabe</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;"><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name#Chinese-style_(Han-style)_shigō" title="Posthumous name">Chinese-style <i>shigō</i></a>:<br />Emperor Hanzei (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">反正天皇</span></span>)<br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name#Japanese-style_shigō" title="Posthumous name">Japanese-style <i>shigō</i></a>:<br />Mizuhawake no Sumeramikoto (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">瑞歯別天皇</span></span>)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_House_of_Japan" title="Imperial House of Japan">Imperial House of Japan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nintoku" title="Emperor Nintoku">Emperor Nintoku</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iwano-hime" class="mw-redirect" title="Iwano-hime">Iwano-hime</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fane1915_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fane1915-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Emperor Hanzei</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">反正天皇</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Hanzei-tennō</i></span>)</span> also known as <b>Emperor Hansho</b>, was the 18th <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor of Japan</a>, according to the traditional <a href="/wiki/List_of_Emperors_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Emperors of Japan">order of succession</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kunaicho_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kunaicho-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Titsingh_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Titsingh-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both the <i>Kojiki</i>, and the <i>Nihon Shoki</i> (collectively known as the <i>Kiki</i>) recorded events that took place during Hanzei's alleged lifetime. No firm dates can be assigned to this Emperor's life or reign, but he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 406 CE to 410 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-Fane1915-2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fane1915-2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family included an "Imperial Lady", and "Concubine" which bore him 4 children. Historians have stated that while nothing remarkable took place during Hanzei's brief reign, he did have ranked concubines which is an introduced Chinese custom. </p><p>Hanzei died sometime in 410 AD without naming an heir to the throne which caused Imperial ministers to name a successor. While the location of Hanzei's grave is unknown, he is traditionally venerated at a <a href="/wiki/Memorial" title="Memorial">memorial</a> <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> <a href="/wiki/Kofun" title="Kofun">tomb</a>. Modern historians have come to the conclusion that the title of "Emperor" and the name "Hanzei" were used by later generations to describe him. There is also a general consensus regarding Hanzei's factual existence.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protohistoric_narrative">Protohistoric narrative</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Hanzei&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Protohistoric narrative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign's historical existence, and a mausoleum (misasagi) for Hanzei is currently maintained. The following information available is taken from the <a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">pseudo-historical</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a></i>, which are collectively known as <i>Kiki</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">記紀</span></span>)</span> or <i>Japanese chronicles</i>. These chronicles include legends and myths, as well as potential historical facts that have since been <a href="/wiki/Tall_tale" title="Tall tale">exaggerated and/or distorted</a> over time. It's recorded in the <i>Kiki</i> that Hanzei was born to <i><a href="/wiki/Princess_Iwa" title="Princess Iwa">Princess Iwa</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">磐之媛命</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Iwa no hime no Mikoto</i></span>)</span> sometime in 352 AD, and was given the name <i>Mizuhawake</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">瑞歯別</span></span>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Aston1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aston1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fane1915_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fane1915-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the third son of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nintoku" title="Emperor Nintoku">Emperor Nintoku</a>, and a younger brother of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Rich%C5%AB" title="Emperor Richū">Emperor Richū</a>. The phrase <i>Mizu ha</i> in the name <i>Mizuhawake</i> translates to <i>beautiful teeth</i>, as he was said to have beautiful "exceptionally large" "teeth like one bone" all of the same size.<sup id="cite_ref-Aston1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aston1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only the <i>Kojiki</i> mentions the alleged full grown height of Emperor Hanzei which is said to have been 9 ft 2.5 in (2.81 m).<sup id="cite_ref-KojikiHan_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KojikiHan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fane1915-2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fane1915-2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after Nintoku died, his elder brother Prince Suminoe no Nakatsu<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">住吉仲皇子</span></span>)</span> attempted to <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Rich%C5%AB#Assassination_attempt" title="Emperor Richū">assassinate</a> his eldest brother Prince Ōenoizahowake<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大兄去来穂別尊</span></span>)</span> (Richū). <i>Mizuhawake</i> was able to bribe one of Nakatsu's <a href="/wiki/Affinity_(medieval)" title="Affinity (medieval)">retainers</a> into killing Nakatsu in order to prove his loyalty to the future emperor. </p><p>According to the <i>Nihon Shoki</i>, Richū bypassed his own children to make his younger brother Mizuhawake crown prince in 401 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-Aston1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aston1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fane1915-2_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fane1915-2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The given reason is that a <i>Tajihi</i> flower fell into a well which gave the name of <i>Mizuhawake</i> as the next heir to be.<sup id="cite_ref-Aston1_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aston1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mizuhawake was proclaimed as "Emperor Hanzei" upon Richū's death in 405 AD, and was enthroned sometime in the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-Aston1_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aston1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after his enthronement Hanzei took Tsuno-hime<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">津野媛</span></span>)</span> as an "Imperial concubine", and eventually her younger sister Oto-hime<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">弟媛</span></span>)</span> as a consort.<sup id="cite_ref-Aston1_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aston1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two Empresses bore him 4 children which consisted of 2 sons and 2 daughters.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During Emperor Hanzei's reign, he ruled from the palace <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shibagaki_no_Miya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shibagaki no Miya (page does not exist)">Shibagaki no Miya</a> at <i>Tajihi</i> in the province of <a href="/wiki/Kawachi_Province" title="Kawachi Province">Kawachi</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Matsubara,_Osaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsubara, Osaka">Matsubara, Osaka</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Brown1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his five-year reign the country enjoyed a time of peace.<sup id="cite_ref-Aston1_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aston1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emperor Hanzei died peacefully in his palace sometime in 410 AD without naming an heir (crown prince).<sup id="cite_ref-Aston1_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aston1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This issue was later settled by Imperial ministers who selected <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nintoku" title="Emperor Nintoku">Emperor Nintoku</a>'s youngest son <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ingy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ingyō">Ingyō</a> as the next emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-Fane1915-2_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fane1915-2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brinkley_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brinkley-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_assessment">Historical assessment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Hanzei&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Historical assessment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hanzei_misasagi_Sakai_Osaka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Hanzei_misasagi_Sakai_Osaka.jpg/220px-Hanzei_misasagi_Sakai_Osaka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Hanzei_misasagi_Sakai_Osaka.jpg/330px-Hanzei_misasagi_Sakai_Osaka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Hanzei_misasagi_Sakai_Osaka.jpg/440px-Hanzei_misasagi_Sakai_Osaka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Memorial Shinto shrine and mausoleum honoring Emperor Hanzei</figcaption></figure> <p>Hanzei is regarded by historians as a ruler during the early <a href="/wiki/5th_century" title="5th century">5th century</a> whose existence is generally accepted as fact.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholar <a href="/wiki/Francis_Brinkley" title="Francis Brinkley">Francis Brinkley</a> lists Emperor Hanzei under "Protohistoric sovereigns", but notes that his short reign was "not remarkable for anything" except for indirect evidence that Chinese customs were beginning to be adopted by the Japanese court.<sup id="cite_ref-Brinkley_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brinkley-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholar <a href="/wiki/William_George_Aston" title="William George Aston">William George Aston</a> notes in his translation of the <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a> that "three ranks of concubines are mentioned", which at the time were of Chinese origin (ranked concubines).<sup id="cite_ref-Aston1_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aston1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others such as author Ryoichi Maenosono (<a href="/wiki/Kokushi_Daijiten" title="Kokushi Daijiten">Kokushi Daijiten</a>) identify Emperor Hanzei with "<a href="/wiki/Chin_of_Wa" title="Chin of Wa">King Chin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Five_kings_of_Wa" title="Five kings of Wa">Five kings of Wa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Chinese records, King Chin <a href="/wiki/Five_kings_of_Wa" title="Five kings of Wa">sent a tribute</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Liu_Song_dynasty" title="Liu Song dynasty">Liu Song dynasty</a> in 438 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic">academic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanologist">Japanologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Basil_Hall_Chamberlain" title="Basil Hall Chamberlain">Basil Hall Chamberlain</a> notes in his translation of the <a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a> that no accurate information exists regarding the ancient Japanese measures used to get Hanzei's alleged height of 9 ft 2.5 in (2.81 m). He went on to say that "the English equivalents used in this passage correspond but approximately to the modern Japanese standards".<sup id="cite_ref-KojikiHan_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KojikiHan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As for Hanzei's ascension, the <i><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a></i> mentions that <i>Tajihi</i> is now known as the <a href="/wiki/Reynoutria_japonica" title="Reynoutria japonica">itadori flower</a>. Aston notes though, that the story of a <i>Tajihi</i> flower falling into a well is inconsistent with a later passage in the Nihon Shoki which refers to <i>Tajihi</i> as a location (not a flower).<sup id="cite_ref-Aston1_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aston1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is no evidence to suggest that the title <i>tennō</i> was used during the time to which Hanzei's reign has been assigned. Rather, it was presumably <i>Sumeramikoto</i> or <i>Amenoshita Shiroshimesu Ōkimi</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">治天下大王</span></span>)</span>, meaning "the great king who rules all under heaven". An alternate title could have also been <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ヤマト大王/大君</span></span></span> "Great King of Yamato". The name Hanzei<i>-tennō</i> was more than likely assigned to him <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">posthumously</a> by later generations.<sup id="cite_ref-name_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His name might have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Hanzei, possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_House_of_Japan" title="Imperial House of Japan">imperial dynasty</a> were compiled as the chronicles known today as the <i><a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-aston109_&_217-223_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aston109_&_217-223-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the actual site of Hanzei's <a href="/wiki/Grave_(burial)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grave (burial)">grave</a> is not known, this regent is traditionally venerated at a <i><a href="/wiki/Kofun" title="Kofun">kofun</a></i>-type Imperial tomb in <a href="/wiki/Sakai,_Osaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakai, Osaka">Sakai, Osaka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kunaicho_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kunaicho-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Household_Agency" title="Imperial Household Agency">Imperial Household Agency</a> designates this location as Hanzei's <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">mausoleum</a>, and is formally named formally named <i>Mozu no mimihara no kita no misasagi</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">百舌鳥耳原北陵</span></span>)</span>. Outside of the <i>Kiki</i>, the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kinmei" title="Emperor Kinmei">Emperor Kinmei</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 509</span> – 571 AD) is the first for which contemporary historiography has been able to assign verifiable dates.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conventionally accepted names and dates of the early Emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" though, until the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kanmu" title="Emperor Kanmu">Emperor Kanmu</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> between 737 and 806 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-aston109_&_217-223_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aston109_&_217-223-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consorts_and_children">Consorts and children</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Hanzei&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Consorts and children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_Lady/Concubine"><span id="Imperial_Lady.2FConcubine"></span>Imperial Lady/Concubine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Hanzei&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Imperial Lady/Concubine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Position</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Father</th> <th>Issue </th></tr> <tr> <td>Imperial Lady<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">皇夫人</span></span>)</span> </td> <td>Tsuno-hime<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">津野媛</span></span>)</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">Ooyake no omi Kogoto<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大宅臣木事</span></span>)</span> </td> <td> • Princess Kai-hime<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">香火姫皇女</span></span>)</span><br /> • Princess Tubura-hime<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">円皇女</span></span>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Consort (<i><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dky%C5%AB" title="Kōkyū">Kōkyū</a></i>) </td> <td>Oto-hime<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">弟媛</span></span>)</span> </td> <td> • Princess Takara-hime<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">財皇女</span></span>)</span><br /> • Prince Takabe<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">高部皇子</span></span>)</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Issue">Issue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Hanzei&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Status</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Mother</th> <th>Comments </th></tr> <tr> <td>Princess </td> <td>Kai-hime<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">香火姫</span></span>)</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">Tsuno-hime<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">津野媛</span></span>)</span> </td> <td>Its unknown if the province of <a href="/wiki/Kai_Province" title="Kai Province">Kahi (Kai)</a> is connected to this princess.<sup id="cite_ref-KojikiHan_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KojikiHan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Princess </td> <td>Tubura-hime<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">円</span></span>)</span> </td> <td>"The meaning of <i>Tsubura</i> is obscure."<sup id="cite_ref-KojikiHan_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KojikiHan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Princess </td> <td>Takara-hime<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">財</span></span>)</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">Oto-hime<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">弟媛</span></span>)</span> </td> <td>The name "Takara" symbolically means treasure.<sup id="cite_ref-KojikiHan_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KojikiHan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Prince </td> <td>Takabe<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">高部</span></span>)</span> </td> <td>Takabe presumably died young.<sup id="cite_ref-Fane1915-2_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fane1915-2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Hanzei&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Emperor Hanzei<sup id="cite_ref-descent_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-descent-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ch%C5%ABai" title="Emperor Chūai">Emperor Chūai</a> (<i>legendary</i>)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Emperor_%C5%8Cjin" title="Emperor Ōjin">Emperor Ōjin</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Empress_Jing%C5%AB" title="Empress Jingū">Empress Jingū</a> (<i>legendary</i>)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nintoku" title="Emperor Nintoku">Emperor Nintoku</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. Prince Iokiiribiko</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%B2%E5%A7%AB%E5%91%BD" class="extiw" title="ja:仲姫命">Nakatsu-hime</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. Kanataya no hime</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Emperor Hanzei</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="16" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E5%9F%8E%E8%A5%B2%E6%B4%A5%E5%BD%A6" class="extiw" title="ja:葛城襲津彦">Kazuraki no Sotsuhiko</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Iwa" title="Princess Iwa">Princess Iwa</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Hanzei&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/120px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/180px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/240px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan" title="Imperial Seal of Japan">Japanese Imperial kamon</a> — a stylized <a href="/wiki/Chrysanthemum" title="Chrysanthemum">chrysanthemum</a> blossom</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Emperors_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Emperors of Japan">List of Emperors of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_cult" title="Imperial cult">Imperial cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_kings_of_Wa" title="Five kings of Wa">Five kings of Wa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Hanzei&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i><a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a></i> states that Hanzei lived to the age of 60.<sup id="cite_ref-Aston1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aston1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KojikiHan_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KojikiHan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Although Hanzei existed as a non-legendary figure, almost no facts are known about his actual life.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i>Kiki</i> has no mentions of diplomatic relations with China during this time.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 29th Emperor<sup id="cite_ref-Titsingh_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Titsingh-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kanmu was the 50th sovereign of the imperial dynasty</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Hanzei&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110322210732/http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/genealogy/img/keizu-e.pdf">"Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Kunaicho.go.jp</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/genealogy/img/keizu-e.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 22, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kunaicho.go.jp&rft.atitle=Genealogy+of+the+Emperors+of+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kunaicho.go.jp%2Fe-about%2Fgenealogy%2Fimg%2Fkeizu-e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Hanzei" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henshall-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Henshall_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenneth_Henshall2013" class="citation book cs1">Kenneth Henshall (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tmYYAgAAQBAJ&q=Richu+336&pg=PA487"><i>Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 488. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810878723" title="Special:BookSources/9780810878723"><bdi>9780810878723</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Japan+to+1945&rft.pages=488&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780810878723&rft.au=Kenneth+Henshall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtmYYAgAAQBAJ%26q%3DRichu%2B336%26pg%3DPA487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Hanzei" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_Henry_Longford1923" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry_Longford" title="Joseph Henry Longford">Joseph Henry Longford</a> (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9wDAQAAIAAJ&dq=Hanzei+352&pg=PA304"><i>List of Emperors: II. The Dawn of History and The great Reformers</i></a>. Houghton Mifflin. p. 304.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=List+of+Emperors%3A+II.+The+Dawn+of+History+and+The+great+Reformers&rft.pages=304&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1923&rft.au=Joseph+Henry+Longford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY9wDAQAAIAAJ%26dq%3DHanzei%2B352%26pg%3DPA304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Hanzei" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aston1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aston1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aston1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aston1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aston1_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aston1_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aston1_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aston1_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aston1_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aston1_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aston1_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aston1_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_George_Aston1896" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_George_Aston" title="William George Aston">William George Aston</a> (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lJ5OAQAAIAAJ&q=Richu">"Boox XII - The Emperor Midzuhawake: (Hanzei Tenno or Hansho tenno)"</a>. <i>Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697. (Volume 1)</i>. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. pp. 310–311.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nihongi%3A+Chronicles+of+Japan+from+the+Earliest+Times+to+A.D.+697.+%28Volume+1%29&rft.atitle=Boox+XII+-+The+Emperor+Midzuhawake%3A+%28Hanzei+Tenno+or+Hansho+tenno%29&rft.pages=310-311&rft.date=1896&rft.au=William+George+Aston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlJ5OAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DRichu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Hanzei" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KojikiHan-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KojikiHan_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KojikiHan_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KojikiHan_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KojikiHan_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KojikiHan_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KojikiHan_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBasil_Hall_Chamberlain1882" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Basil_Hall_Chamberlain" title="Basil Hall Chamberlain">Basil Hall Chamberlain</a> (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sacred-texts.com/shi/kj/kj143.htm">"Sect. CXXXV — Emperor Han–zei"</a>. <i>A translation of the "Kojiki" or Records of ancient matters</i>. R. Meiklejohn and Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+translation+of+the+%22Kojiki%22+or+Records+of+ancient+matters&rft.atitle=Sect.+CXXXV+%E2%80%94+Emperor+Han%E2%80%93zei&rft.date=1882&rft.au=Basil+Hall+Chamberlain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-texts.com%2Fshi%2Fkj%2Fkj143.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Hanzei" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fane1915-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fane1915_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fane1915_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPonsonby-Fane,_Richard1915" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ponsonby-Fane" title="Richard Ponsonby-Fane">Ponsonby-Fane, Richard</a> (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VHgtAQAAMAAJ&q=Hansho%20%20Iwa%20no%20hime"><i>Table of Emperors Mothers</i></a>. Ponsonby Memorial Society. p. xiii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Table+of+Emperors+Mothers&rft.pages=xiii&rft.pub=Ponsonby+Memorial+Society&rft.date=1915&rft.au=Ponsonby-Fane%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVHgtAQAAMAAJ%26q%3DHansho%2520%2520Iwa%2520no%2520hime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Hanzei" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kunaicho-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kunaicho_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kunaicho_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/ryobo/guide/018/">"反正天皇 (18)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Household_Agency" title="Imperial Household Agency">Imperial Household Agency</a> (Kunaichō)</i> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+Household+Agency+%28Kunaich%C5%8D%29&rft.atitle=%E5%8F%8D%E6%AD%A3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87+%2818%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kunaicho.go.jp%2Fryobo%2Fguide%2F018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Hanzei" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Titsingh-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Titsingh_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Titsingh_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTitsingh,_Isaac.1834" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Titsingh" title="Isaac Titsingh">Titsingh, Isaac.</a> (1834). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA25"><i>Annales des empereurs du japon</i></a> (in French). Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. p. 25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annales+des+empereurs+du+japon&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Royal+Asiatic+Society%2C+Oriental+Translation+Fund+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.date=1834&rft.au=Titsingh%2C+Isaac.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D18oNAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Hanzei" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fane1915-2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fane1915-2_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fane1915-2_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fane1915-2_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fane1915-2_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fane1915-2_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPonsonby-Fane,_Richard1915" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ponsonby-Fane" title="Richard Ponsonby-Fane">Ponsonby-Fane, Richard</a> (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VHgtAQAAMAAJ&q=Emperor%20Hansho"><i>Hansho (406–410)</i></a>. Ponsonby Memorial Society. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hansho+%28406%E2%80%93410%29&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Ponsonby+Memorial+Society&rft.date=1915&rft.au=Ponsonby-Fane%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVHgtAQAAMAAJ%26q%3DEmperor%2520Hansho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Hanzei" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown1_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown1_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown,_Delmer_M._and_Ichirō_Ishida1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Delmer_Brown" title="Delmer Brown">Brown, Delmer M.</a> and Ichirō Ishida (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Hansho"><i>(19) Emperor Hansho</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520034600" title="Special:BookSources/9780520034600"><bdi>9780520034600</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%2819%29+Emperor+Hansho&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=9780520034600&rft.au=Brown%2C+Delmer+M.+and+Ichir%C5%8D+Ishida&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw4f5FrmIJKIC%26q%3DHansho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Hanzei" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brinkley-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brinkley_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brinkley_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancis_Brinkley1915" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Brinkley" title="Francis Brinkley">Francis Brinkley</a> (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HOJxAAAAMAAJ&q=Hansho"><i>Chapter XII: The Protohistoric Sovereigns</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. p. 110.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chapter+XII%3A+The+Protohistoric+Sovereigns&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=1915&rft.au=Francis+Brinkley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHOJxAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DHansho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Hanzei" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly,_Charles_F." class="citation web cs1">Kelly, Charles F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.t-net.ne.jp/~keally/kofun.html">"Kofun Culture"</a>. <i>www.t-net.ne.jp</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.t-net.ne.jp&rft.atitle=Kofun+Culture&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Charles+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.t-net.ne.jp%2F~keally%2Fkofun.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Hanzei" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyoichi_Maenosono1927" class="citation book cs1">Ryoichi Maenosono (1927). <i>Emperor Hanzei</i>. Yoshikawa Kobunkan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emperor+Hanzei&rft.pub=Yoshikawa+Kobunkan&rft.date=1927&rft.au=Ryoichi+Maenosono&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Hanzei" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-name-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-name_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrinkley,_Frank1915" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Brinkley" title="Francis Brinkley">Brinkley, Frank</a> (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ahistoryjapanes00kikugoog"><i><span></span></i>A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the end of the Meiji Era<i><span></span></i></a>. Encyclopaedia Britannica Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ahistoryjapanes00kikugoog/page/n33">21</a>. <q>Posthumous names for the earthly <i>Mikados</i> were invented in the reign of Emperor Kanmu (782–805), i.e., after the date of the compilation of the <i>Records</i> and the <i>Chronicles.</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Japanese+People+from+the+Earliest+Times+to+the+end+of+the+Meiji+Era&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Britannica+Company&rft.date=1915&rft.au=Brinkley%2C+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fahistoryjapanes00kikugoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Hanzei" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aston109_&_217-223-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aston109_&_217-223_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aston109_&_217-223_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAston,_William_George.1896" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_George_Aston" title="William George Aston">Aston, William George.</a> (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_oEfAAAAYAAJ"><i>Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, Volume 2</i></a>. The Japan Society London. p. 109 & 217–223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780524053478" title="Special:BookSources/9780524053478"><bdi>9780524053478</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nihongi%3A+Chronicles+of+Japan+from+the+Earliest+Times+to+A.D.+697%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=109+%26+217-223&rft.pub=The+Japan+Society+London&rft.date=1896&rft.isbn=9780524053478&rft.au=Aston%2C+William+George.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_oEfAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Hanzei" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brown_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown,_Delmer_M._and_Ichirō_Ishida1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Delmer_Brown" title="Delmer Brown">Brown, Delmer M.</a> and Ichirō Ishida (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&pg=PA261"><i>A Translation and Study of the Gukanshō, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219</i></a>. University of California Press. pp. 248, 261–262. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520034600" title="Special:BookSources/9780520034600"><bdi>9780520034600</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Translation+and+Study+of+the+Gukansh%C5%8D%2C+an+Interpretative+History+of+Japan+Written+in+1219&rft.pages=248%2C+261-262&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=9780520034600&rft.au=Brown%2C+Delmer+M.+and+Ichir%C5%8D+Ishida&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw4f5FrmIJKIC%26pg%3DPA261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Hanzei" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoye,_Timothy.1999" class="citation book cs1">Hoye, Timothy. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=axRyAAAAMAAJ&q=According+to+legend%2C+the+first+Japanese+Emperor+was+Jimmu.+Along+with+the+next+13+Emperors%2C+Jimmu+is+not+considered+an+actual%2C+historical+figure.+Historically+verifiable+Emperors+of+Japan+date+from+the+early+sixth+century+with+Kimmei."><i><span></span></i>Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds<i><span></span></i></a>. Prentice Hall. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780132712897" title="Special:BookSources/9780132712897"><bdi>9780132712897</bdi></a>. <q>According to legend, the first Japanese Emperor was Jimmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jimmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kimmei.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Politics%3A+Fixed+and+Floating+Worlds&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780132712897&rft.au=Hoye%2C+Timothy.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaxRyAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DAccording%2Bto%2Blegend%252C%2Bthe%2Bfirst%2BJapanese%2BEmperor%2Bwas%2BJimmu.%2BAlong%2Bwith%2Bthe%2Bnext%2B13%2BEmperors%252C%2BJimmu%2Bis%2Bnot%2Bconsidered%2Ban%2Bactual%252C%2Bhistorical%2Bfigure.%2BHistorically%2Bverifiable%2BEmperors%2Bof%2BJapan%2Bdate%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2Bearly%2Bsixth%2Bcentury%2Bwith%2BKimmei.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Hanzei" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-descent-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-descent_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reichsarchiv.jp/%e5%ae%b6%e7%b3%bb%e3%83%aa%e3%82%b9%e3%83%88/%e5%a4%a9%e7%9a%87%e5%ae%b6#emp018">"Genealogy"</a>. <i>Reichsarchiv</i> (in Japanese). 30 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reichsarchiv&rft.atitle=Genealogy&rft.date=2010-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freichsarchiv.jp%2F%25e5%25ae%25b6%25e7%25b3%25bb%25e3%2583%25aa%25e3%2582%25b9%25e3%2583%2588%2F%25e5%25a4%25a9%25e7%259a%2587%25e5%25ae%25b6%23emp018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Hanzei" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Hanzei&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_George_Aston" title="William George Aston">Aston, William George.</a> (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_oEfAAAAYAAJ"><i>Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697.</i></a> London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/448337491">448337491</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delmer_Brown" title="Delmer Brown">Brown, Delmer M.</a> and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Gukansho"><i>Gukanshō: The Future and the Past.</i></a> Berkeley: University of California Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-03460-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-03460-0">978-0-520-03460-0</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/251325323">251325323</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ponsonby-Fane" title="Richard Ponsonby-Fane">Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon</a>. (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan"><i>The Imperial House of Japan.</i></a> Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/194887">194887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Titsingh" title="Isaac Titsingh">Titsingh, Isaac.</a> (1834). <i><a href="/wiki/Nihon_%C5%8Cdai_Ichiran" title="Nihon Ōdai Ichiran">Nihon Ōdai Ichiran</a></i>; ou, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran"><i>Annales des empereurs du Japon.</i></a> Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691">5850691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Paul_Varley" title="H. Paul Varley">Varley, H. Paul.</a> (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tVv6OAAACAAJ"><i>Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns.</i></a> New York: Columbia University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-04940-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-04940-5">978-0-231-04940-5</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/59145842">59145842</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Rich%C5%AB" title="Emperor Richū">Emperor Richū</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Emperors_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Emperors of Japan">Emperor of Japan</a>:<br />Hanzei </b><br />406–410<br /><i>(traditional dates)</i> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ingy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ingyō">Emperor Ingyō</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=Japan&#124;alt=Japan_Emperors_of_Japan_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Japan" title="Template:Monarchs of Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Japan" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=Japan&#124;alt=Japan_Emperors_of_Japan_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperors of Japan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_Japan" title="List of emperors of Japan">list</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legendary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.6em"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jōmon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="660_BC–291_BC" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">660 BC–291 BC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jimmu" title="Emperor Jimmu">Jimmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suizei" title="Emperor Suizei">Suizei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Annei" title="Emperor Annei">Annei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Itoku" title="Emperor Itoku">Itoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kōshō">Kōshō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dan" title="Emperor Kōan">Kōan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.6em"><a href="/wiki/Yayoi_period" title="Yayoi period">Yayoi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="290_BC–269_AD" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">290 BC–269 AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Drei" title="Emperor Kōrei">Kōrei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dgen" title="Emperor Kōgen">Kōgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kaika" title="Emperor Kaika">Kaika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sujin" title="Emperor Sujin">Sujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suinin" title="Emperor Suinin">Suinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Keik%C5%8D" title="Emperor Keikō">Keikō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Seimu" title="Emperor Seimu">Seimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ch%C5%ABai" title="Emperor Chūai">Chūai</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Empress_Jing%C5%AB" title="Empress Jingū">Jingū</a><sup><b>*</b></sup></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yamato_period" title="Yamato period">Yamato</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.6em"><a href="/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="269–539" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">269–539</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_%C5%8Cjin" title="Emperor Ōjin">Ōjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nintoku" title="Emperor Nintoku">Nintoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Rich%C5%AB" title="Emperor Richū">Richū</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hanzei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ingy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ingyō">Ingyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ank%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ankō">Ankō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Y%C5%ABryaku" title="Emperor Yūryaku">Yūryaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Seinei" title="Emperor Seinei">Seinei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kenz%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kenzō">Kenzō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ninken" title="Emperor Ninken">Ninken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Buretsu" title="Emperor Buretsu">Buretsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Keitai" title="Emperor Keitai">Keitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ankan" title="Emperor Ankan">Ankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Senka" title="Emperor Senka">Senka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.6em"><a href="/wiki/Asuka_period" title="Asuka period">Asuka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="539–710" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">539–710</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kinmei" title="Emperor Kinmei">Kinmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Bidatsu" title="Emperor Bidatsu">Bidatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Y%C5%8Dmei" title="Emperor Yōmei">Yōmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sushun" title="Emperor Sushun">Sushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Suiko" title="Empress Suiko">Suiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jomei" title="Emperor Jomei">Jomei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_K%C5%8Dgyoku" title="Empress Kōgyoku">Kōgyoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dtoku" title="Emperor Kōtoku">Kōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_K%C5%8Dgyoku" title="Empress Kōgyoku">Saimei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenji" title="Emperor Tenji">Tenji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dbun" title="Emperor Kōbun">Kōbun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenmu" title="Emperor Tenmu">Tenmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Jit%C5%8D" title="Empress Jitō">Jitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Monmu" title="Emperor Monmu">Monmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Genmei" title="Empress Genmei">Genmei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="710–794" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">710–794</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Genmei" title="Empress Genmei">Genmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Gensh%C5%8D" title="Empress Genshō">Genshō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dmu" title="Emperor Shōmu">Shōmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_K%C5%8Dken" title="Empress Kōken">Kōken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Junnin" title="Emperor Junnin">Junnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_K%C5%8Dken" title="Empress Kōken">Shōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dnin" title="Emperor Kōnin">Kōnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kanmu" title="Emperor Kanmu">Kanmu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="794–1185" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">794–1185</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kanmu" title="Emperor Kanmu">Kanmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Heizei" title="Emperor Heizei">Heizei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Saga" title="Emperor Saga">Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Junna" title="Emperor Junna">Junna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ninmy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ninmyō">Ninmyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Montoku" title="Emperor Montoku">Montoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Seiwa" title="Emperor Seiwa">Seiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Y%C5%8Dzei" title="Emperor Yōzei">Yōzei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dk%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kōkō">Kōkō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Uda" title="Emperor Uda">Uda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Daigo" title="Emperor Daigo">Daigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suzaku" title="Emperor Suzaku">Suzaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Murakami" title="Emperor Murakami">Murakami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Reizei" title="Emperor Reizei">Reizei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_En%27y%C5%AB" title="Emperor En'yū">En'yū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kazan" title="Emperor Kazan">Kazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ichij%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ichijō">Ichijō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sanj%C5%8D" title="Emperor Sanjō">Sanjō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Ichij%C5%8D" title="Emperor Go-Ichijō">Go-Ichijō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Suzaku" title="Emperor Go-Suzaku">Go-Suzaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Reizei" title="Emperor Go-Reizei">Go-Reizei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Sanj%C5%8D" title="Emperor Go-Sanjō">Go-Sanjō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shirakawa" title="Emperor Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Horikawa" title="Emperor Horikawa">Horikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Toba" title="Emperor Toba">Toba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sutoku" title="Emperor Sutoku">Sutoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Konoe" title="Emperor Konoe">Konoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Shirakawa" title="Emperor Go-Shirakawa">Go-Shirakawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nij%C5%8D" title="Emperor Nijō">Nijō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Rokuj%C5%8D" title="Emperor Rokujō">Rokujō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Takakura" title="Emperor Takakura">Takakura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Antoku" title="Emperor Antoku">Antoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Toba" title="Emperor Go-Toba">Go-Toba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1185–1333" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1185–1333</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Toba" title="Emperor Go-Toba">Go-Toba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tsuchimikado" title="Emperor Tsuchimikado">Tsuchimikado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Juntoku" title="Emperor Juntoku">Juntoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D" title="Emperor Chūkyō">Chūkyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Horikawa" title="Emperor Go-Horikawa">Go-Horikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shij%C5%8D" title="Emperor Shijō">Shijō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Saga" title="Emperor Go-Saga">Go-Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Fukakusa" title="Emperor Go-Fukakusa">Go-Fukakusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kameyama" title="Emperor Kameyama">Kameyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Uda" title="Emperor Go-Uda">Go-Uda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Fushimi" title="Emperor Fushimi">Fushimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Fushimi" title="Emperor Go-Fushimi">Go-Fushimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Nij%C5%8D" title="Emperor Go-Nijō">Go-Nijō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Hanazono" title="Emperor Hanazono">Hanazono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Daigo" title="Emperor Go-Daigo">Go-Daigo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Court" title="Northern Court">Northern Court</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1333–1392" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1333–1392</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dgon" title="Emperor Kōgon">Kōgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kōmyō">Kōmyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suk%C5%8D" title="Emperor Sukō">Sukō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dgon" title="Emperor Go-Kōgon">Go-Kōgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-En%27y%C5%AB" title="Emperor Go-En'yū">Go-En'yū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Komatsu" title="Emperor Go-Komatsu">Go-Komatsu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1333–1573" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1333–1573</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Murakami" title="Emperor Go-Murakami">Go-Murakami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ch%C5%8Dkei" title="Emperor Chōkei">Chōkei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Kameyama" title="Emperor Go-Kameyama">Go-Kameyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Komatsu" title="Emperor Go-Komatsu">Go-Komatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dk%C5%8D" title="Emperor Shōkō">Shōkō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Hanazono" title="Emperor Go-Hanazono">Go-Hanazono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Tsuchimikado" title="Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado">Go-Tsuchimikado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Kashiwabara" title="Emperor Go-Kashiwabara">Go-Kashiwabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Nara" title="Emperor Go-Nara">Go-Nara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_%C5%8Cgimachi" title="Emperor Ōgimachi">Ōgimachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period" title="Azuchi–Momoyama period">Azuchi-Momoyama</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1573–1603" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1573–1603</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_%C5%8Cgimachi" title="Emperor Ōgimachi">Ōgimachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Y%C5%8Dzei" title="Emperor Go-Yōzei">Go-Yōzei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1603–1868" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1603–1868</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Y%C5%8Dzei" title="Emperor Go-Yōzei">Go-Yōzei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Mizunoo" title="Emperor Go-Mizunoo">Go-Mizunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Meish%C5%8D" title="Empress Meishō">Meishō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Go-Kōmyō">Go-Kōmyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Sai" title="Emperor Go-Sai">Go-Sai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Reigen" title="Emperor Reigen">Reigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Higashiyama" title="Emperor Higashiyama">Higashiyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nakamikado" title="Emperor Nakamikado">Nakamikado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sakuramachi" title="Emperor Sakuramachi">Sakuramachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Momozono" title="Emperor Momozono">Momozono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Go-Sakuramachi" title="Empress Go-Sakuramachi">Go-Sakuramachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Momozono" title="Emperor Go-Momozono">Go-Momozono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dkaku" title="Emperor Kōkaku">Kōkaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nink%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ninkō">Ninkō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dmei" title="Emperor Kōmei">Kōmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Meiji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1868–1947" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1868–1947</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Meiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taish%C5%8D" title="Emperor Taishō">Taishō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Shōwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1947–present" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1947–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Shōwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Akihito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:transparent; padding:0;"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are in <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a></i><span class="nowrap"> </span> <i><sup><b>*</b></sup> <a href="/wiki/Empress_of_Japan" title="Empress of Japan">Imperial Consort</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sessh%C5%8D_and_Kampaku" title="Sesshō and Kampaku">Regent</a> <a href="/wiki/Empress_Jing%C5%AB" title="Empress Jingū">Empress Jingū</a> is not traditionally listed.</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Japanese_monarchs" title="Family tree of Japanese monarchs">Imperial family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_House_of_Japan" title="Imperial House of Japan">Imperial House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Japanese_throne" title="Succession to the Japanese throne">Order of succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_imperial_tombs" title="Japanese imperial tombs">Imperial tombs</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329769#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329769#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329769#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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