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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muslim_conquest_of_Khuzestan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muslim_conquest_of_Khuzestan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Muslim conquest of Khuzestan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muslim_conquest_of_Khuzestan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qajar_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qajar_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Qajar period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qajar_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pahlavi_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pahlavi_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Pahlavi era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pahlavi_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Islamic Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-After_the_revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_the_revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>After the revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_the_revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran–Iraq_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran–Iraq_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>Iran–Iraq war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran–Iraq_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2005–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2005–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.3</span> <span>2005–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2005–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geography and climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Water</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Water-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Water subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Migration_from_Khuzestan_province" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Migration_from_Khuzestan_province"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Migration from Khuzestan province</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Migration_from_Khuzestan_province-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>In literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditions_and_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditions_and_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Traditions and religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditions_and_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Historical figures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attractions_of_Khuzestan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attractions_of_Khuzestan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Attractions of Khuzestan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attractions_of_Khuzestan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shipping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shipping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Shipping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shipping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Oil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Khuzestan province</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 85 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="محافظة خوزستان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محافظة خوزستان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juzest%C3%A1n" title="Juzestán – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Juzestán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хузестан – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Хузестан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuzistan_ostan%C4%B1" title="Xuzistan ostanı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xuzistan ostanı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="خوزیستان اوستانی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خوزیستان اوستانی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6" title="খুজেস্তন প্রদেশ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খুজেস্তন প্রদেশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuzestan_S%C3%A9ng" title="Khuzestan Séng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khuzestan Séng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хузестан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хузестан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хузэстан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хузэстан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хузестан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хузестан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuzestan" title="Khuzestan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Khuzestan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuzestan" title="Khuzestan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Khuzestan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuzest%C4%81n" title="Xuzestān – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Xuzestān" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BAzist%C3%A1n" title="Chúzistán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chúzistán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C5%ABzest%C4%81n" title="Khūzestān – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Khūzestān" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khusistan_(provins)" title="Khusistan (provins) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Khusistan (provins)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuzestan" title="Chuzestan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chuzestan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C5%ABzest%C4%81ni_provints" title="Khūzestāni provints – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Khūzestāni provints" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Επαρχία Χουζιστάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επαρχία Χουζιστάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_de_Juzest%C3%A1n" title="Provincia de Juzestán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Provincia de Juzestán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinco_%C4%A4uzestano" title="Provinco Ĥuzestano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Provinco Ĥuzestano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuzestan" title="Khuzestan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Khuzestan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="استان خوزستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استان خوزستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khouzistan" title="Khouzistan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Khouzistan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EC%A0%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84%EC%A3%BC" title="후제스탄주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="후제스탄주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A6%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Խուզեսթան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խուզեսթան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="ख़ूज़स्तान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ख़ूज़स्तान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huzestan" title="Huzestan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Huzestan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuzistan" title="Kuzistan – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kuzistan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsi_Khuzestan" title="Provinsi Khuzestan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Provinsi Khuzestan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хузестан – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хузестан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C5%ABzest%C4%81n" title="Khūzestān – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Khūzestān" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%27%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%9F" title="ח'וזסתאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ח'וזסתאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%96%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಖೂಜ಼ಿಸ್ತಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಖೂಜ಼ಿಸ್ತಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ხუზისტანის ოსტანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხუზისტანის ოსტანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%BBzistan_(par%C3%AAzgeh)" title="Xûzistan (parêzgeh) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xûzistan (parêzgeh)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susiana" title="Susiana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Susiana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%ABzest%C4%81na" title="Hūzestāna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hūzestāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuzestano_provincija" title="Chuzestano provincija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chuzestano provincija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huzeszt%C3%A1n_tartom%C3%A1ny" title="Huzesztán tartomány – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Huzesztán tartomány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хузестан – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хузестан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faritanin%27_i_Khuzestan" title="Faritanin' i Khuzestan – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Faritanin' i Khuzestan" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="ഖുസെസ്ഥാൻ പ്രവിശ്യ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഖുസെസ്ഥാൻ പ്രവിശ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuhet%C4%81nga_Porowini" title="Kuhetānga Porowini – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kuhetānga Porowini" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4" title="खुजस्तान प्रांत – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="खुजस्तान प्रांत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D9%87)" title="خوزستان (محافظه) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خوزستان (محافظه)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="خوزستان اوستان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خوزستان اوستان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuzestan" title="Khuzestan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Khuzestan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuzestan" title="Khuzestan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Khuzestan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="ख़ोज़िस्तान प्रान्त – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ख़ोज़िस्तान प्रान्त" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="フーゼスターン州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フーゼスターン州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хузестан – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хузестан" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuzestan" title="Khuzestan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Khuzestan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuzestan" title="Khuzestan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Khuzestan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuzestan" title="Khuzestan – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Khuzestan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuziston" title="Xuziston – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xuziston" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4" title="ਖੁਜਿਸਤਾਨ ਰਿਆਸਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖੁਜਿਸਤਾਨ ਰਿਆਸਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%81_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="صوبہ خوزستان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="صوبہ خوزستان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="خوزستان ولایت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="خوزستان ولایت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuzestan" title="Chuzestan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chuzestan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuzist%C3%A3o" title="Cuzistão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cuzistão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuzestan_(Ostan)" title="Kuzestan (Ostan) – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kuzestan (Ostan)" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huzistan_ostan%C4%B1" title="Huzistan ostanı – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Huzistan ostanı" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хузестан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хузестан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuzestan_Province" title="Khuzestan Province – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Khuzestan Province" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuzestan_province" title="Khuzestan province – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Khuzestan province" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8E%D8%B2%DA%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پارێزگای خووزستان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پارێزگای خووزستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Покрајина Хузестан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Покрајина Хузестан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huzestan" title="Huzestan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Huzestan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C5%ABzest%C4%81n" title="Khūzestān – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Khūzestān" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuzestan" title="Khuzestan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Khuzestan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கூசித்தான் மாகாணம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கூசித்தான் மாகாணம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хузистан – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хузистан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%86%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="จังหวัดฆูเซสถาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จังหวัดฆูเซสถาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D3%AF%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Устони Хӯзистон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Устони Хӯзистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huzistan" title="Huzistan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Huzistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хузестан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хузестан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%81_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="صوبہ خوزستان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صوبہ خوزستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuzestan_(t%E1%BB%89nh)" title="Khuzestan (tỉnh) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khuzestan (tỉnh)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%BD%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%9C%81" title="胡齊斯坦省 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="胡齊斯坦省" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C5%ABzest%C4%81n_(lalawigan)" title="Khūzestān (lalawigan) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Khūzestān (lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%BD%90%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%9C%81" title="胡齐斯坦省 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="胡齐斯坦省" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%BE%A4%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%9C%81" title="古澤斯坦省 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="古澤斯坦省" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuz%C4%B1stan_(eyalet)" title="Xuzıstan (eyalet) – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Xuzıstan (eyalet)" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%BD%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%9C%81" title="胡齊斯坦省 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="胡齊斯坦省" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Khuzestan_province&params=31_20_N_48_40_E_dim:240km_type:city(4710509)_region:IR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°20′N</span> <span class="longitude">48°40′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.333°N 48.667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.333; 48.667</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province of Iran</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Beth Huzaye" redirects here. For the diocese of the Church of the East, see <a href="/wiki/Beth_Huzaye_(East_Syriac_ecclesiastical_province)" title="Beth Huzaye (East Syriac ecclesiastical province)">Beth Huzaye (East Syriac ecclesiastical province)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province in Region 4, Iran</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Khuzestan province</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="fa"><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">استان خوزستان</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Iran" title="Provinces of Iran">Province</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div style="height:65px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoroma_of_the_Shushtar_Historical_Hydraulic_System_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Panoroma_of_the_Shushtar_Historical_Hydraulic_System_01.jpg/238px-Panoroma_of_the_Shushtar_Historical_Hydraulic_System_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Panoroma_of_the_Shushtar_Historical_Hydraulic_System_01.jpg/357px-Panoroma_of_the_Shushtar_Historical_Hydraulic_System_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Panoroma_of_the_Shushtar_Historical_Hydraulic_System_01.jpg/476px-Panoroma_of_the_Shushtar_Historical_Hydraulic_System_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4840" data-file-height="1342" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div style="height:77px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shush_Castle_Darafsh_(25).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Shush_Castle_Darafsh_%2825%29.jpg/117px-Shush_Castle_Darafsh_%2825%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Shush_Castle_Darafsh_%2825%29.jpg/176px-Shush_Castle_Darafsh_%2825%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Shush_Castle_Darafsh_%2825%29.jpg/234px-Shush_Castle_Darafsh_%2825%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div style="height:77px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khuzestan_DSCF6822-1778_(53261757899).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Khuzestan_DSCF6822-1778_%2853261757899%29.jpg/117px-Khuzestan_DSCF6822-1778_%2853261757899%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Khuzestan_DSCF6822-1778_%2853261757899%29.jpg/176px-Khuzestan_DSCF6822-1778_%2853261757899%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Khuzestan_DSCF6822-1778_%2853261757899%29.jpg/234px-Khuzestan_DSCF6822-1778_%2853261757899%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5822" data-file-height="3884" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:114px;max-width:114px"><div style="height:74px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Choqa_Zanbil_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Choqa_Zanbil_2.jpg/112px-Choqa_Zanbil_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Choqa_Zanbil_2.jpg/168px-Choqa_Zanbil_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Choqa_Zanbil_2.jpg/224px-Choqa_Zanbil_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="1856" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div style="height:74px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1399090215061015221661584_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/1399090215061015221661584_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2.jpg/122px-1399090215061015221661584_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/1399090215061015221661584_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2.jpg/183px-1399090215061015221661584_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/1399090215061015221661584_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2.jpg/244px-1399090215061015221661584_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div>From the top to bottom-right, <a href="/wiki/Shushtar_Historical_Hydraulic_System" title="Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System">Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shush_Castle" title="Shush Castle">Shush Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Daniel" title="Tomb of Daniel">Tomb of Daniel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ziggurat" title="Ziggurat">Ziggurat</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chogha_Zanbil" title="Chogha Zanbil">Chogha Zanbil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IranKhuzestan-SVG.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Khuzestan province within Iran"><img alt="Location of Khuzestan province within Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/IranKhuzestan-SVG.svg/250px-IranKhuzestan-SVG.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/IranKhuzestan-SVG.svg/375px-IranKhuzestan-SVG.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/IranKhuzestan-SVG.svg/500px-IranKhuzestan-SVG.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Khuzestan province within Iran</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Khuzestan_province&params=31_20_N_48_40_E_dim:240km_type:city(4710509)_region:IR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°20′N</span> <span class="longitude">48°40′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.333°N 48.667°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.333; 48.667</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Iran" title="Regions of Iran">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Iran" title="Regions of Iran">Region 4</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Iran" title="Counties of Iran">Counties</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b>30</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Iran_governors-general" title="List of current Iran governors-general">Governor-general</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad-Reza_Mavalizadeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad-Reza Mavalizadeh (page does not exist)">Mohammad-Reza Mavalizadeh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">64,055 km<sup>2</sup> (24,732 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2016 Census)<sup id="cite_ref-2016_Khuzestan_Province_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_Khuzestan_Province-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,710,509</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2020<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,936,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">74/km<sup>2</sup> (190/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:30" title="UTC+03:30">UTC+03:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iran_Standard_Time" title="Iran Standard Time">IRST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">061</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">IR-06</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Iran" title="Languages of Iran">Main language(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khuzestani_Arabic" title="Khuzestani Arabic">Khuzestani Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luri_language" title="Luri language">Luri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_dialects_in_Khuzestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian dialects in Khuzestan">Persian dialects of Khuzestan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandaic_language" title="Mandaic language">Mandaic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2017)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.802<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">very high</span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Iranian_provinces_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Iranian provinces by Human Development Index">12th</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Khuzestan province</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">استان خوزستان</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is one of the 31 <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Iran" title="Provinces of Iran">provinces of Iran</a>. Located in the southwest of the country, the province borders <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, covering an area of 63,238 square kilometres (24,416 sq mi). Its capital is the city of <a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Khuzestan_province_Structure_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khuzestan_province_Structure-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2014, it has been part of Iran's <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Iran" title="Regions of Iran">Region 4</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_Khuzestan" title="Etymology of Khuzestan">Etymology of Khuzestan</a></div> <p>Once one of the most critical regions of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">Ancient Near East</a>, Khuzestan comprises much of what historians refer to as ancient <a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elam</a>, whose capital was in <a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Old_Persian" title="Old Persian">Old Persian</a> term for Elam was <span title="Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.)-language text"><i lang="peo-Latn">Hujiyā</i></span> when they conquered it from the Elamites. This element is present in the modern name. Khuzestan, meaning "the Land of the Khuz," refers to the original inhabitants of this province. In the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a>, this term is <i>Huza</i> or <i>Huja</i>, as in the inscription on the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Great" title="Darius the Great">Darius the Great</a> at <a href="/wiki/Naqsh-e_Rostam" title="Naqsh-e Rostam">Naqsh-e Rostam</a>. They are the "Shushan" of Hebrew sources, a borrowing from Elamite <i>Šuša</i>. In <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a>, the term evolved into "Khuz" and "Kuzi." The pre-Islamic Partho-Sasanian inscriptions give the province the name Khwuzestan. The name of the city of <a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a> also has the same origin as the name Khuzestan, being an Arabic <a href="/wiki/Broken_plural" title="Broken plural">broken plural</a> from the compound name, "Suq al-Ahvaz" "Market of the Huzi". This was the medieval name of the town that replaced the pre-Islamic name. </p><p>The entire province was still known as "the Khudhi" or "the Khuji" until the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Safavid" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavid">Safavid</a> king <a href="/wiki/Tahmasp_I" title="Tahmasp I">Tahmasp I</a> (r. 1524–1576) and, in general, the course of the 16th century. The southern half of the province—south, southwest of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahvaz_Ridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahvaz Ridge (page does not exist)">Ahvaz Ridge</a>, had come by the 17th century to be known, at least to the imperial Safavid chancery, as <i>Arabistan</i>. A contemporaneous history, the <i><a href="/wiki/Tarikh-e_Alam-ara-ye_Abbasi" title="Tarikh-e Alam-ara-ye Abbasi">Tarikh-e Alam-ara-ye Abbasi</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Beg_Munshi" title="Iskandar Beg Munshi">Iskandar Beg Munshi</a>, written during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Abbas_the_Great" title="Abbas the Great">Abbas the Great</a> (r. 1588–1629), regularly refers to the southern part of Khuzestan as "Arabistan". The northern half continued to be called Khuzestan. In 1925, the entire province regained its old name, and the term Arabistan was dropped.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There is also a very old <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk etymology</a> which maintains the word "khuz" stands for sugar and "Khuzi" for people who make raw sugar. The province has been a <a href="/wiki/Cane_sugar" class="mw-redirect" title="Cane sugar">cane sugar</a>-producing area since the late <a href="/wiki/Sassanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanian">Sassanian</a> times, such as the sugar cane fields of the <a href="/wiki/Dez_River" title="Dez River">Dez River</a> side in <a href="/wiki/Dezful" title="Dezful">Dezful</a>. Khuzhestanis cultivate sugarcane even today in <a href="/wiki/Haft_Tepe" title="Haft Tepe">Haft Tepe</a>. The province's name in <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a> is Beth Huzaye. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Khuzestan" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Khuzestan">History of Khuzestan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Choghazanbil2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Choghazanbil2.jpg/220px-Choghazanbil2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Choghazanbil2.jpg/330px-Choghazanbil2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Choghazanbil2.jpg/440px-Choghazanbil2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="308" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ziggurat" title="Ziggurat">ziggurat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Choqa_Zanbil" class="mw-redirect" title="Choqa Zanbil">Choqa Zanbil</a> in Khuzestan was a magnificent structure of the <a href="/wiki/Elamite_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Elamite Empire">Elamite Empire</a>. Khuzestan's Elamites were "precursors of the royal Persians", and were "the founders of the first Iranian empire in the geographic sense."</figcaption></figure> <p>The province of Khuzestan is one of the centres of ancient civilization, and one of the most important regions of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">Ancient Near East</a>, based around <a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a>. The first large scale empire based here was that of the powerful 4th millennium BC <a href="/wiki/Elamite_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Elamite Empire">Elamites</a>. </p><p>Archeological ruins verify the entire province of Khuzestan to be home to the <a href="/wiki/Elamite_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Elamite Empire">Elamite</a> civilization, a non-Semitic, and non-Indo-European-speaking kingdom, and <i>"the earliest civilization of Persia"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name <i>Khuzestan</i> is derived from the Elamite (<i>ʰŪvja</i>), likely pronounced /xuʒa/, later Middle Persian <i>Hūzīg</i>, Arabic <i>al-Xūzīya</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In fact, in the words of <a href="/wiki/Elton_L._Daniel" title="Elton L. Daniel">Elton L. Daniel</a>, the Elamites were "the founders of the first 'Iranian' empire in the geographic sense."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence the central geopolitical significance of Khuzestan, the seat of Iran's first empire.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 640 BC, the Elamites were defeated by <a href="/wiki/Ashurbanipal" title="Ashurbanipal">Ashurbanipal</a>, coming under the rule of the Assyrians who brought destruction upon Susa and Chogha Zanbil. But in 538 BC, <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_II_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrus II of Persia">Cyrus the Great</a> was able to re-conquer the Elamite lands after nearly 80 years of <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Median</a> rule. The city of Susa was then proclaimed as one of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenid">Achaemenid</a> capitals. <a href="/wiki/Darius_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I of Persia">Darius the Great</a> then erected a grand palace known as <i>Apadana</i> there in 521 BC. But this astonishing period of glory and splendor of the Achaemenian dynasty came to an end by the conquests of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander III of Macedon">Alexander of Macedon</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Susa_weddings" title="Susa weddings">Susa weddings</a> was arranged by Alexander in 324 BC in <a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a>, where mass weddings took place between the <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedonians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Alexander, the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_dynasty" title="Seleucid dynasty">Seleucid dynasty</a> came to rule the area. </p><p>As the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_dynasty" title="Seleucid dynasty">Seleucid dynasty</a> weakened, <a href="/wiki/Mithridates_I_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates I of Parthia">Mehrdad I</a> the <a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthian</a> (171–137 BC), gained ascendency over the region. During the <a href="/wiki/Sassanid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid">Sassanid</a> dynasty this area thrived tremendously and flourished, and this dynasty was responsible for the many constructions that were erected in Ahvaz, <a href="/wiki/Shushtar" title="Shushtar">Shushtar</a>, and the north of <a href="/wiki/Andimeshk" title="Andimeshk">Andimeshk</a>. </p><p>During the early years of the reign of <a href="/wiki/Shapur_II" title="Shapur II">Shapur II</a> (AD 309 or 310–379), Arabs crossed the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> to "Ardashir-Khora" of <a href="/wiki/Fars_province" title="Fars province">Fars</a> and raided the interior. In retaliation, Shapur II led an expedition through Bahrain, defeated the combined forces of the Arab tribes of "Taghleb", "Bakr bin Wael", and "Abd Al-Qays" and advanced temporarily into Yamama in central <a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najd</a>. The Sassanids resettled these tribes in <a href="/wiki/Kerman" title="Kerman">Kerman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a>. Arabs named Shapur II, as "Shabur Dhul-aktāf" after this battle.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The existence of prominent scientific and cultural centers such as <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Gundishapur" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Gundishapur">Academy of Gundishapur</a> which gathered distinguished medical scientists from <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, and Rome, shows the importance and prosperity of this region during this era. The <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Gundishapur" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Gundishapur">Jondi-Shapur Medical School</a> was founded by the order of <a href="/wiki/Shapur_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shapur I of Persia">Shapur I</a>. It was repaired and restored by Shapur II (a.k.a. <i>Zol-Aktaf</i>: "The Possessor of Shoulder Blades") and was completed and expanded during the reign of Anushirvan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muslim_conquest_of_Khuzestan">Muslim conquest of Khuzestan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Muslim conquest of Khuzestan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Khuzestan" title="Muslim conquest of Khuzestan">Muslim conquest of Khuzestan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dezful-masjed-jameh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Dezful-masjed-jameh.jpg/220px-Dezful-masjed-jameh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Dezful-masjed-jameh.jpg/330px-Dezful-masjed-jameh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Dezful-masjed-jameh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="348" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption><i>Masjed Jame' Dezful</i>. In spite of devastating damage caused by Iraqi shelling in the Iran–Iraq War, Khuzestan still possesses a rich heritage of architecture from Islamic, Sassanid, and earlier times.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Muslim conquest of Khuzestan took place in 639 AD under the command of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musa_al-Ash%27ari" title="Abu Musa al-Ash'ari">Abu Musa al-Ash'ari</a> from <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a>, who drove the Persian satrap <a href="/wiki/Hormuzan" title="Hormuzan">Hormuzan</a> out of <a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a>. <a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a> later fell, so Hormuzan fled to <a href="/wiki/Shushtar" title="Shushtar">Shushtar</a>. There his forces were besieged by Abu Musa for 18 months. Shushtar finally fell in 642 AD; the <a href="/wiki/Khuzistan_Chronicle" title="Khuzistan Chronicle">Khuzistan Chronicle</a> records that an unknown Arab, living in the city, befriended a man in the army, and dug tunnels through the wall in return for a third of the spoil. The Basrans purged the Nestorians—the Exegete of the city and the Bishop of Hormizd, and all their students—but kept Hormuzan alive.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There followed the conquests of <a href="/wiki/Gundeshapur" title="Gundeshapur">Gundeshapur</a> and of many other districts along the Tigris. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nah%C4%81vand" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Nahāvand">Battle of Nahāvand</a> finally secured Khuzestan for the Muslim armies.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Muslim conquest the <a href="/wiki/Sassanids" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanids">Sassanids</a> were allied with non-Muslim Arab tribes, which implies that those wars were religious, rather than national. For instance in 633–634, <a href="/wiki/Khaled_ibn_Walid" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaled ibn Walid">Khaled ibn Walid</a> leader of the Muslim Army, defeated a force of the Sassanids' Arab auxiliaries from the tribes of Bakr, 'Ejl, Taghleb and Namer at 'Ayn Al-Tamr.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Muslim settlements by military garrisons in southern Iran was soon followed by other types of expansion. Some families, for example, took the opportunity to gain control of private estates.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the rest of Iran, the Muslim conquest thus brought Khuzestan under the rule of the Arabs of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> Caliphates, until <a href="/wiki/Ya%27qub_bin_Laith_as-Saffar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar">Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar</a>, from southeastern Iran, raised the flag of independence once more, and ultimately regained control over Khuzestan, among other parts of Iran, founding the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Saffarid" class="mw-redirect" title="Saffarid">Saffarid</a> dynasty. From that point on, Iranian <a href="/wiki/Persian_Kings" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Kings">dynasties</a> would continue to rule the region in succession as an important part of Iran. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> period, large groups of nomads from the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanifa_(tribe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanifa (tribe) (page does not exist)">Hanifa</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Banu_Tamim" title="Banu Tamim">Banu Tamim</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Qays" title="Abd al-Qays">Abd al-Qays</a></i> tribes crossed the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> and occupied some of the richest <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basran</a> territories around <a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Fars_province" title="Fars province">Fars</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Fitna" title="Second Fitna">Second Fitna</a> in 661–665 / 680–684 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> period, in the second half of the 10th century, the <i>Assad</i> tribe, taking advantage of quarrels under the <a href="/wiki/Buwayhids" class="mw-redirect" title="Buwayhids">Buwayhids</a>, penetrated into Khuzestan, where a group of <i>Tamim</i> had been living since pre-Islamic times.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, following the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> dynasty, the flow of Arab immigrants into <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a> gradually diminished, but it nonetheless continued. In the latter part of the 16th century, the <i><a href="/wiki/Bani_Kaab" title="Bani Kaab">Bani Kaab</a></i> (pronounced Chaub in the local Gulf dialect), from <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, settled in Khuzestan.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And during the succeeding centuries, more Arab tribes moved from southern Iraq to Khuzestan.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pol_Sefid_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Pol_Sefid_1.JPG/200px-Pol_Sefid_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Pol_Sefid_1.JPG/300px-Pol_Sefid_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Pol_Sefid_1.JPG/400px-Pol_Sefid_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Pol-e Sefid</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qajar_period">Qajar period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Qajar period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/C.E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C.E. Bosworth">C.E. Bosworth</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>, under the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a> <i>"the province was known, as in <a href="/wiki/Safavid" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavid">Safavid</a> times, as Arabistan, and during the Qajar period was administratively a governor-generalate."</i> Half of Khuzestan was not known as Arabistan. Khuzestan's northern, more populous parts, with the capital at <a href="/wiki/Shushtar" title="Shushtar">Shushtar</a>, retained the old name, but also occasionally was incorporated into the district of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Lur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greater Lur (page does not exist)">Greater Lur</a> due to the large <a href="/wiki/Bakhtiari_people" title="Bakhtiari people">Bakhtiari</a> population in half of Khuzestan. </p><p>In 1856, in the course of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Persian_War" title="Anglo-Persian War">Anglo-Persian War</a> over the city of <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a>, the British naval forces sailed up the <a href="/wiki/Karun" title="Karun">Karun</a> river all the way to <a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a>. However, in the settlement that followed, they evacuated the province. Some tribal forces, such as those led by <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Jabir_al-Kaabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Jabir al-Kaabi">Sheikh Jabir al-Kaabi</a>, the Sheikh of <a href="/wiki/Khorramshahr" title="Khorramshahr">Mohammerah</a>, fared better in opposing the invading British forces than those dispatched by the central government, which was quite feeble. But, the point of the invasion of the province and other coastal regions of southern <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>/<a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> were to force the evacuation of <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persians</a> and not the permanent occupation of these regions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pahlavi_era">Pahlavi era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pahlavi era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Khuzestan_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Khuzestan conflict">Khuzestan conflict</a></div> <p>In the two decades before 1925, although nominally part of Persian territory, the western part of Khuzestan functioned for many years effectively as an autonomous emirate known as "Arabistan". The eastern part of Khuzestan was governed by <a href="/wiki/Bakhtiari_people" title="Bakhtiari people">Bakhtiari</a> khans. Following <a href="/wiki/Khaz%CA%BDal_Ibn_Jabir" title="Khazʽal Ibn Jabir">Sheikh Khazʽal Ibn Jabir</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Khazal_rebellion" title="Sheikh Khazal rebellion">rebellion</a>, the western part of Khuzestan's emirate was dissolved by <a href="/wiki/Reza_Shah" title="Reza Shah">Reza Shah</a> government in 1925, along with other autonomous regions of <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>, in a bid to centralize the state. In response Sheikh Khaz'al of Muhammerah initiated a <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Khazal_rebellion" title="Sheikh Khazal rebellion">rebellion</a>, which was quickly crushed by the newly installed Pahlavi dynasty with minimal casualties. A low level <a href="/wiki/Khuzestan_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Khuzestan conflict">conflict</a> between the central Iranian government and the Arab nationalists of the province continued since. </p><p>The name of 'Khuzistan' came to be applied to the entire territory by 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-JMES_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JMES-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next decades of the Pahlavi rule, the province of Khuzestan remained relatively quiet, gaining to hold an important economic and defensive strategic position. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_Republic">Islamic Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Islamic Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="After_the_revolution">After the revolution</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: After the revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the Iranian Revolution taking place in early 1979, local rebellions swept the country, with Khuzestan being no exception. In April 1979, an <a href="/wiki/1979_Khuzestan_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="1979 Khuzestan uprising">uprising</a> broke out in the province, led by the Arab separatist group Arab Political and Cultural Organisation (APCO), seeking to gain independence from the new theocratic rule.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Embassy_siege" title="Iranian Embassy siege">Iranian Embassy siege</a> of 1980 in London was initiated by an Arab separatist group as an aftermath response to the regional crackdown in Khuzestan, after the <a href="/wiki/1979_Khuzestan_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="1979 Khuzestan uprising">1979 uprising</a>. Initially it emerged the terrorists wanted autonomy for Khuzestan; later they demanded the release of 91 of their comrades held in Iranian jails.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2000_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2000-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group which claimed responsibility for the siege <i>the Arab Popular Movement in Arabistan</i> (See <a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">Arab separatism in Khuzestan</a>) gave a number of press conferences in the following months, referring to what it described as "the racist rule of Khomeini". It threatened further international action as part of its campaign to gain self-rule for Khuzestan. But its links with <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> served to undermine its argument that it was a purely <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> opposition group; there were allegations that it was backed by Iran's regional rival, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. Their leader ("Salim" – Awn Ali Mohammed) along with four other members of the group were killed and the fifth member, Fowzi Badavi Nejad, was sentenced to life imprisonment.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2000_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2000-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iran–Iraq_war"><span id="Iran.E2.80.93Iraq_war"></span>Iran–Iraq war</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Iran–Iraq war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a>, Khuzestan was the focus of the Iraqi invasion of Iran, leading to the flight of thousands of the province's residents. As a result, Khuzestan suffered the heaviest damage of all Iranian provinces during the war. Iraq's President <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> felt confident that the Arab population of the Khuzestan would react enthusiastically to the prospect of union with Iraq. However, resistance to the invasion was fierce, stalling the Iraqi military's advance, and ultimately opening a window of opportunity for an Iranian counter-offensive. </p><p>What used to be Iran's largest refinery at <a href="/wiki/Abadan,_Iran" title="Abadan, Iran">Abadan</a> was destroyed, never to fully recover. Many of the famous <i>nakhlestans</i> (palm groves) were annihilated, cities were destroyed, historical sites were demolished, and nearly half the province captured by the invading Iraqi army.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This created a mass exodus into other provinces that did not have the logistical capability of taking in such a large number of refugees. </p><p>However, by 1982, Iranian forces <a href="/wiki/Operation_Undeniable_Victory" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Undeniable Victory">managed to push Iraqi forces out of Iran</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khorramshahr_(1982)" title="Battle of Khorramshahr (1982)">Battle of Khorramshahr</a> (one of Khuzestan's largest cities and the most important Iranian port prior to the war) was a turning point in the war, and is officially celebrated every year in Iran. </p><p>The city of <a href="/wiki/Khorramshahr" title="Khorramshahr">Khorramshahr</a> was almost completely destroyed as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Scorched_earth" title="Scorched earth">scorched earth</a> policy ordered by Iraq's leader, Saddam Hussein. However, Iranian forces were able to prevent the Iraqis from attempting to spread the execution of this policy to other major urban centres. </p><p>From 22 September 1980 to the last day of the war, this province was always the scene of Iran's various operations to recapture the areas occupied by the Iraqi army forces. At the beginning of the war, cities such as <a href="/wiki/Abadan,_Iran" title="Abadan, Iran">Abadan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susangerd" title="Susangerd">Susangerd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bostan,_Iran" title="Bostan, Iran">Bostan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dezful" title="Dezful">Dezful</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andimeshk" title="Andimeshk">Andimeshk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khorramshahr" title="Khorramshahr">Khorramshahr</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a>, which were the capital of the province, were regularly targeted by Iraqi army rocket and artillery attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The long-term occupation of some areas of the province, further contributed to the damage to natural and human capital in the province.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-correspondent_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-correspondent-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the war, the speed of growth and development of the province has been very slow. Khuzestan, despite benefiting from abundant natural resources including oil, has many economic, environmental, social, and construction problems, among others. High unemployment rate, water crisis, high dust, and lack of civil infrastructure are among the factors that sparked high dissatisfaction among residents.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The frustrations typically manifested in protests and rallies.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-correspondent_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-correspondent-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2005–present"><span id="2005.E2.80.93present"></span>2005–present</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2005–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2005, Ahvaz witnessed a number of <a href="/wiki/Ahvaz_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahvaz bombings">terrorist attacks</a>, which came following the violent <a href="/wiki/2005_Ahvaz_unrest" title="2005 Ahvaz unrest">Ahvaz riots</a>. The first <a href="/wiki/Ahvaz_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahvaz bombings">bombing</a> came ahead of the presidential election on 12 June 2005. In 2011, another <a href="/wiki/2011_Khuzestan_protests" title="2011 Khuzestan protests">wave of protests</a> by Arab tribes occurred mostly in the urban area of Ahvaz. Before the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> of the 1980s, the Arabs of Khuzestan mostly resided in the rural regions along the Karkhe and Karun rivers in the southwest of the province and the number living in cities was very limited because the Arab tribes were still following a nomadic lifestyle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> But after the end of the war, most of the refuged Arabs were relocated by the government to the urban centres and smaller towns. This conversion of lifestyle directly from nomadic to city life caused many problems and conflicts in the structure of their societies and ultimately has led to some unrest. An unfinished building collapsed in Khuzestan province in June 2022. It was reported that thirteen people were arrested over the collapse. The incident also caused demonstrations in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apart from <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, other languages and dialects are also spoken in Khuzestan. For instance, a portion of Khuzestan's populace speaks <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khuzestani_Arabic" title="Khuzestani Arabic">Khuzestani Arabic</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another part of Khuzestanis speak in <a href="/wiki/Bakhtiari_dialect" title="Bakhtiari dialect">Bakhtiari dialect</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Neo-Mandaic" title="Neo-Mandaic">Neo-Mandaic</a> is spoken by no more than a few dozen elderly <a href="/wiki/Mandaeans" title="Mandaeans">Mandaeans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Haberl_2009_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haberl_2009-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khuzestan is known for its ethnic diversity; the population of Khuzestan consists of <a href="/wiki/Lurs" title="Lurs">Lurs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qashqai_people" title="Qashqai people">Qashqai people</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Afshar_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Afshar tribe">Afshar tribe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persians</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dezfuli-Shushtari" class="mw-redirect" title="Dezfuli-Shushtari">Dezfuli-Shushtari</a>, Mahshahrys, <a href="/wiki/Behbahan" title="Behbahan">Behbahani</a>),<a href="/wiki/Mandeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandeans">Mandean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Armenians" title="Iranian Armenians">Iranian Armenians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Welcome_to_Encyclopaedia_Iranica_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welcome_to_Encyclopaedia_Iranica-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-khuz_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khuz-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khuzestan's population is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Muslim</a>, but there are small <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandeans">Mandean</a> minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-khuz_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khuz-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a research that was commissioned by the General Culture Council in 2010 and based on a field survey and a statistical community among the residents of 288 cities and about 1400 villages across the country, the percentage of ethnic groups that were sampled in this survey in this province was as follows. Arabs was 33.6%. Persians 32.2%, Lurs 30%, Turkish speakers 2.5%, <a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Iran" title="Kurds in Iran">Kurds</a> 1%, Other 0.7%.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 1996 census, the province had an estimated population of 3.7 million people, of which approximately 62.5% were in the urban centres, 36.5% were rural dwellers and the remaining 1% were non-residents. According to the most recent census taken in 2016, the province had 4,710,509 inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-2016_Khuzestan_Province_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_Khuzestan_Province-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 4,192,598 in 862,491 households.<sup id="cite_ref-2006_Khuzestan_Province_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006_Khuzestan_Province-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following census in 2011 counted 4,531,720 people in 1,112,664 households.<sup id="cite_ref-2011_Khuzestan_Province_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_Khuzestan_Province-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 4,710,509 in 1,280,645 households.<sup id="cite_ref-2016_Khuzestan_Province_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_Khuzestan_Province-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khuzestan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Khuzestan.svg/320px-Khuzestan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Khuzestan.svg/480px-Khuzestan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Khuzestan.svg/640px-Khuzestan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="780" /></a></span> </p><p>The population history and structural changes of Khuzestan province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Khuzestan province </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Counties</th> <th>2006<sup id="cite_ref-2006_Khuzestan_Province_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006_Khuzestan_Province-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>2011<sup id="cite_ref-2011_Khuzestan_Province_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_Khuzestan_Province-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>2016<sup id="cite_ref-2016_Khuzestan_Province_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_Khuzestan_Province-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Abadan_County" title="Abadan County">Abadan</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">275,126</td> <td style="text-align: right;">271,484</td> <td style="text-align: right;">298,090 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aghajari_County" title="Aghajari County">Aghajari</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="text-align: right;">—</td> <td style="text-align: right;">—</td> <td style="text-align: right;">17,654 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahvaz_County" title="Ahvaz County">Ahvaz</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,317,377</td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,395,184</td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,302,591 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andika_County" title="Andika County">Andika</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="text-align: right;">—</td> <td style="text-align: right;">50,797</td> <td style="text-align: right;">47,629 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andimeshk_County" title="Andimeshk County">Andimeshk</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">154,081</td> <td style="text-align: right;">167,126</td> <td style="text-align: right;">171,412 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bagh-e_Malek_County" title="Bagh-e Malek County">Bagh-e Malek</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">103,217</td> <td style="text-align: right;">107,450</td> <td style="text-align: right;">105,384 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Mahshahr_County" title="Bandar Mahshahr County">Bandar Mahshahr</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">247,804</td> <td style="text-align: right;">278,037</td> <td style="text-align: right;">296,271 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bavi_County" title="Bavi County">Bavi</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="text-align: right;">—</td> <td style="text-align: right;">89,160</td> <td style="text-align: right;">96,484 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Behbahan_County" title="Behbahan County">Behbahan</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">172,597</td> <td style="text-align: right;">179,703</td> <td style="text-align: right;">180,593 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dasht-e_Azadegan_County" title="Dasht-e Azadegan County">Dasht-e Azadegan</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">126,865</td> <td style="text-align: right;">99,831</td> <td style="text-align: right;">107,989 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dezful_County" title="Dezful County">Dezful</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">384,851</td> <td style="text-align: right;">423,552</td> <td style="text-align: right;">443,971 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dezpart_County" title="Dezpart County">Dezpart</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="text-align: right;">—</td> <td style="text-align: right;">—</td> <td style="text-align: right;">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gotvand_County" title="Gotvand County">Gotvand</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">58,311</td> <td style="text-align: right;">64,951</td> <td style="text-align: right;">65,468 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haftkel_County" title="Haftkel County">Haftkel</a><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="text-align: right;">—</td> <td style="text-align: right;">22,391</td> <td style="text-align: right;">22,119 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamidiyeh_County" title="Hamidiyeh County">Hamidiyeh</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="text-align: right;">—</td> <td style="text-align: right;">—</td> <td style="text-align: right;">53,762 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hendijan_County" title="Hendijan County">Hendijan</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">35,932</td> <td style="text-align: right;">37,440</td> <td style="text-align: right;">38,762 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hoveyzeh_County" title="Hoveyzeh County">Hoveyzeh</a><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="text-align: right;">—</td> <td style="text-align: right;">34,312</td> <td style="text-align: right;">38,886 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Izeh_County" title="Izeh County">Izeh</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">193,510</td> <td style="text-align: right;">203,621</td> <td style="text-align: right;">198,871 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karkheh_County" title="Karkheh County">Karkheh</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="text-align: right;">—</td> <td style="text-align: right;">—</td> <td style="text-align: right;">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karun_County" title="Karun County">Karun</a><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="text-align: right;">—</td> <td style="text-align: right;">—</td> <td style="text-align: right;">105,872 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Khorramshahr_County" title="Khorramshahr County">Khorramshahr</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">155,224</td> <td style="text-align: right;">163,701</td> <td style="text-align: right;">170,976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lali_County" title="Lali County">Lali</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">35,549</td> <td style="text-align: right;">37,381</td> <td style="text-align: right;">37,963 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Masjed_Soleyman_County" title="Masjed Soleyman County">Masjed Soleyman</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">167,226</td> <td style="text-align: right;">113,257</td> <td style="text-align: right;">113,419 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Omidiyeh_County" title="Omidiyeh County">Omidiyeh</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">85,195</td> <td style="text-align: right;">90,420</td> <td style="text-align: right;">92,335 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramhormoz_County" title="Ramhormoz County">Ramhormoz</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">120,194</td> <td style="text-align: right;">105,418</td> <td style="text-align: right;">113,776 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramshir_County" title="Ramshir County">Ramshir</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">49,238</td> <td style="text-align: right;">48,943</td> <td style="text-align: right;">54,004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Seydun_County" title="Seydun County">Seydun</a><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="text-align: right;">—</td> <td style="text-align: right;">—</td> <td style="text-align: right;">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shadegan_County" title="Shadegan County">Shadegan</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">138,226</td> <td style="text-align: right;">153,355</td> <td style="text-align: right;">138,480 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shush_County" title="Shush County">Shush</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">189,793</td> <td style="text-align: right;">202,762</td> <td style="text-align: right;">205,720 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shushtar_County" title="Shushtar County">Shushtar</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">182,282</td> <td style="text-align: right;">191,444</td> <td style="text-align: right;">192,028 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b></td> <td style="text-align: right;"><b>4,192,598</b></td> <td style="text-align: right;"><b>4,531,720</b></td> <td style="text-align: right;"><b>4,710,509</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cities">Cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Khuzestan_Province_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Khuzestan Province by population">List of cities in Khuzestan Province by population</a></div> <p>According to the 2016 census, 3,554,205 people (over 75% of the population of Khuzestan province) live in the following cities:<sup id="cite_ref-2016_Khuzestan_Province_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_Khuzestan_Province-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>City</th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Abadan" class="mw-redirect" title="Abadan">Abadan</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">231,476 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Abezhdan,_Andika" class="mw-redirect" title="Abezhdan, Andika">Abezhdan</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,673 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Abu_Homeyzeh" title="Abu Homeyzeh">Abu Homeyzeh</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">5,506 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aghajari" title="Aghajari">Aghajari</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">11,912 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a></b></td> <td style="text-align: right;"><b>1,184,788</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alvan,_Iran" title="Alvan, Iran">Alvan</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">6,860 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andimeshk" title="Andimeshk">Andimeshk</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">135,116 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arvandkenar" title="Arvandkenar">Arvandkenar</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">11,173 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Azadi,_Andimeshk" title="Azadi, Andimeshk">Azadi</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">4,957 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bagh-e_Malek" title="Bagh-e Malek">Bagh-e Malek</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">26,343 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bandar-e_Emam_Khomeyni" title="Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni">Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">78,353 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bandar-e_Mahshahr" title="Bandar-e Mahshahr">Bandar-e Mahshahr</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">162,797 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Behbahan" title="Behbahan">Behbahan</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">122,604 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bidrubeh-ye_Sofla" title="Bidrubeh-ye Sofla">Bidrubeh</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,386 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bostan,_Iran" title="Bostan, Iran">Bostan</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">8,476 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cham_Golak" title="Cham Golak">Cham Golak</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">5,446 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamran,_Iran" title="Chamran, Iran">Chamran</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">33,505 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chavibdeh" title="Chavibdeh">Chavibdeh</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">7,906 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Choghamish,_Iran" title="Choghamish, Iran">Choghamish</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Darkhoveyn" title="Darkhoveyn">Darkhoveyn</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">5,655 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dehdez" title="Dehdez">Dehdez</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">5,490 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dezful" title="Dezful">Dezful</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">264,709 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elhayi" title="Elhayi">Elhayi</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">7,651 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fath_Olmobin" class="mw-redirect" title="Fath Olmobin">Fath Olmobin</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,973 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Golgir" title="Golgir">Golgir</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,089 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gotvand" title="Gotvand">Gotvand</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">24,216 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guriyeh" title="Guriyeh">Guriyeh</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,890 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haftkel" title="Haftkel">Haftkel</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">15,802 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamidiyeh" title="Hamidiyeh">Hamidiyeh</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">22,057 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shahrak-e_Hamzeh,_Sardasht" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahrak-e Hamzeh, Sardasht">Hamzeh</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">6,091 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hendijan" title="Hendijan">Hendijan</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">29,015 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Horr,_Iran" title="Horr, Iran">Horr</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">9,177 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hoseyniyeh,_Khuzestan" title="Hoseyniyeh, Khuzestan">Hoseyniyeh</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,821 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hosseinabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Hosseinabad">Hosseinabad</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">8,833 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hoveyzeh" title="Hoveyzeh">Hoveyzeh</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">19,481 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Izeh" title="Izeh">Izeh</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">119,399 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jannat_Makan" title="Jannat Makan">Jannat Makan</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">5,360 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jayezan" title="Jayezan">Jayezan</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,357 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Khanafereh" title="Khanafereh">Khanafereh</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,853 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Khorramshahr" title="Khorramshahr">Khorramshahr</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">133,097 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kut-e_Abdollah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kut-e Abdollah">Kut-e Abdollah</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">56,252 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kut-e_Seyyed_Naim" title="Kut-e Seyyed Naim">Kut-e Seyyed Naim</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">4,541 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lali,_Iran" title="Lali, Iran">Lali</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">18,473 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mansuriyeh,_Khuzestan" title="Mansuriyeh, Khuzestan">Mansuriyeh</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">5,441 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Masjed_Soleyman" title="Masjed Soleyman">Masjed Soleyman</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">100,497 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Meydavud-e_Sofla" class="mw-redirect" title="Meydavud-e Sofla">Meydavud</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,513 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mianrud" title="Mianrud">Mianrud</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">10,110 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Minushahr" title="Minushahr">Minushahr</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,231 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mollasani" title="Mollasani">Mollasani</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">17,337 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moshrageh,_Ramshir" title="Moshrageh, Ramshir">Moshrageh</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,095 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Omidiyeh" title="Omidiyeh">Omidiyeh</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">67,427 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qaleh_Tall" title="Qaleh Tall">Qaleh Tall</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">10,698 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qaleh-ye_Khvajeh" title="Qaleh-ye Khvajeh">Qaleh-ye Khvajeh</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,408 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rafi,_Iran" title="Rafi, Iran">Rafi</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,797 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramhormoz" title="Ramhormoz">Ramhormoz</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">74,285 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramshir" title="Ramshir">Ramshir</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">25,009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Safiabad,_Khuzestan" title="Safiabad, Khuzestan">Safiabad</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">9,879 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saland,_Iran" title="Saland, Iran">Saland</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,560 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Shahr" title="Saleh Shahr">Saleh Shahr</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">7,309 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sardarabad,_Shushtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardarabad, Shushtar">Sardarabad</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">5,240 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sardasht,_Khuzestan" title="Sardasht, Khuzestan">Sardasht</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">6,912 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Seydun" title="Seydun">Seydun</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">7,650 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shadegan" title="Shadegan">Shadegan</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">41,733 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shahr-e_Emam" title="Shahr-e Emam">Shahr-e Emam</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">11,393 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shamsabad,_Dezful" title="Shamsabad, Dezful">Shamsabad</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">10,858 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sharaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharaft">Sharaft</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">11,757 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheyban,_Iran" title="Sheyban, Iran">Sheyban</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">36,374 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shush,_Iran" title="Shush, Iran">Shush</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">77,148 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shushtar" title="Shushtar">Shushtar</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">101,878 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Siah_Mansur,_Khuzestan" title="Siah Mansur, Khuzestan">Siah Mansur</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">5,406 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Somaleh" title="Somaleh">Somaleh</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,784 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Susangerd" title="Susangerd">Susangerd</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">51,431 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tashan,_Khuzestan" title="Tashan, Khuzestan">Tashan</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">4,281 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Torkalaki" title="Torkalaki">Torkalaki</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">5,688 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Veys" title="Veys">Veys</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">15,312 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zahreh" title="Zahreh">Zahreh</a></td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,192 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emamzadeh-hamzeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Emamzadeh-hamzeh.jpg/220px-Emamzadeh-hamzeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Emamzadeh-hamzeh.jpg/330px-Emamzadeh-hamzeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Emamzadeh-hamzeh.jpg/440px-Emamzadeh-hamzeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="344" /></a><figcaption>Domes like this are quite common in Khuzestan province. The shape is an architectural trademark of craftsmen of the province. <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Daniel" title="Tomb of Daniel">Daniel's Tomb</a>, located in Khuzestan, has such a shape. The shrine pictured here, belongs to Imamzadeh Hamzeh, located between Mahshahr and Hendijan.</figcaption></figure> <p>The seat of the province has for most of its history been in the northern reaches of the land, first at Susa (<a href="/wiki/Shush,_Iran" title="Shush, Iran">Shush</a>) and then at <a href="/wiki/Shushtar" title="Shushtar">Shushtar</a>. During a short spell in the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasanian">Sasanian</a> era, the capital of the province was moved to its geographical center, where the river town of Hormuz-Ardasher, founded over the foundation of the ancient Hoorpahir by <a href="/wiki/Ardashir_I" title="Ardashir I">Ardashir I</a>, the founder of the Sasanian Dynasty in the 3rd century CE. This town is now known as Ahvaz. However, later in the Sasanian time and throughout the Islamic era, the provincial seat returned and stayed at Shushtar, until the late <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar</a> period. With the increase in the international sea commerce, arriving on the shores of Khuzistan, Ahvaz became a more suitable location for the provincial capital. The River <a href="/wiki/Karun" title="Karun">Karun</a> is navigable all the way to Ahvaz (above which, it flows through rapids). The town was thus refurbished by the order of the Qajar king, <a href="/wiki/Naser_al-Din_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Naser al-Din Shah">Naser al-Din Shah</a> and renamed after him, Nâseri. Shushtar quickly declined, while Ahvaz/<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A2seri" title="Nâseri">Nâseri</a> prospered to the present day. </p><p>Since the early 1920s, tensions on religious and ethnic grounds have often resulted in <a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">separatist violence</a>, including an <a href="/wiki/1979_Khuzestan_insurgency" title="1979 Khuzestan insurgency">insurgency in 1979</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Embassy_siege" title="Iranian Embassy siege">an embassy siege</a>, <a href="/wiki/2005_Ahvaz_unrest" title="2005 Ahvaz unrest">unrest in 2005</a>, <a href="/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306_Ahvaz_bombings" title="2005–06 Ahvaz bombings">bombings in 2005–06</a> and <a href="/wiki/2011_Khuzestan_protests" title="2011 Khuzestan protests">protests in 2011</a>. The Iranian regime has drawn harsh criticism from international human rights organizations for its repressive measures against the religious and ethnic minorities in the region. However, the internal conflict was brought to a temporary halt in 1980 when Khuzestan was invaded by <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'athist Iraq</a>, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> where Khuzestanis of all backgrounds fought alongside the Iranian military in resisting the Iraqi offensive. Currently, Khuzestan has 18 representatives in Iran's parliament, the <a href="/wiki/Majlis_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Majlis of Iran">Majlis</a>. Meanwhile, it has six representatives in the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Experts" title="Assembly of Experts">Assembly of Experts</a>, including Ayatollahs <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Mousavi_Jazayeri" title="Mohammad Ali Mousavi Jazayeri">Mousavi Jazayeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbas_Ka%27bi" title="Abbas Ka'bi">Ka'bi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Heidari_Alekasir" title="Mohsen Heidari Alekasir">Heidari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Karim_Farhani" title="Abdul Karim Farhani">Farhani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seyyed_Ali_Shafiei" title="Seyyed Ali Shafiei">Shafi'i</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hossein_Ahmadi_Shahroudi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi Shahroudi (page does not exist)">Ahmadi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Geography and climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The province of Khuzestan can be basically divided into two regions; the rolling hills and mountainous regions north of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahvaz_Ridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahvaz Ridge (page does not exist)">Ahvaz Ridge</a>, and the plains and marsh lands to its south. The area is irrigated by the <i><a href="/wiki/Karoun" class="mw-redirect" title="Karoun">Karoun</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Karkheh" class="mw-redirect" title="Karkheh">Karkheh</a></i>, <i>Jarahi</i> and <i>Maroun</i> rivers. The northern section maintains a non-Persian <a href="/wiki/Bakhtiari_people" title="Bakhtiari people">Bakhtiari</a> minority, while the southern section always had diverse minority groups known as Khuzis. Since the 1940s, a flood of job seekers from all over Iran to the oil and commerce centers on the Persian Gulf Coast has made the region more Persian-speaking. Presently, Khuzestan still maintains its diverse group, but does have Arabs, Persians, Bakhtiari and ethnic Qashqais and Lors. </p><p>Khuzestan has great potential for <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_expansion" title="Agricultural expansion">agricultural expansion</a>, which is almost unrivaled by the country's other provinces. Large and permanent rivers flow over the entire territory contributing to the fertility of the land. <a href="/wiki/Karun" title="Karun">Karun</a>, Iran's most effluent river, 850 kilometers long, flows into the Persian Gulf through this province. The agricultural potential of most of these rivers, however, and particularly in their lower reaches, is hampered by the fact that their waters carry <a href="/wiki/Salinity" title="Salinity">salt</a>, the amount of which increases as the rivers flow away from the source mountains and hills. In case of the Karun, a single tributary river, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rud-i_Shur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rud-i Shur (page does not exist)">Rud-i Shur</a> ("Salty River") that flows into the Karun above <a href="/wiki/Shushtar" title="Shushtar">Shushtar</a> contributes most of the salt that the river carries. As such, the freshness of the Karun waters could be greatly enhanced if the Rud-i Shur could be diverted away from the Karun. The same applies to the <a href="/wiki/Jarahi_River" title="Jarahi River">Jarahi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karkheh" class="mw-redirect" title="Karkheh">Karkheh</a> in their lower reaches. Only the <a href="/wiki/Marun_River" title="Marun River">Marun</a> is exempt from this. </p><p>The climate of Khuzestan is generally very hot and occasionally humid, particularly in the south, while winters can be cold and dry. Summertime temperatures routinely exceed 45 °C (113 °F) almost daily and in the winter it can drop below freezing, with occasional <a href="/wiki/Snowfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowfall">snowfall</a> in mountains. Khuzestan is one of the hottest places on earth with maximum temperatures in summer exceeding 50 °C (122 °F) sometimes. Reliable measurements in the city range from −5 to 54.0 °C (23.0 to 129.2 °F). Khuzestan has desert conditions and experiences many sandstorms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Water">Water</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> ranks among the most <a href="/wiki/Water_scarcity_in_Iran" title="Water scarcity in Iran">water stressed</a> countries in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Khuzistan_(Sasanian_province)" title="Khuzistan (Sasanian province)">Khuzestan</a> province suffers from major water problems that were aggravated by corruption in Iran's <a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">water supply</a> sector, lack of transparency, neglect of marginalized communities, and <a href="/wiki/In-group_favoritism" title="In-group favoritism">political favoritism</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps</a> and other politically connected entities control water resources, prioritizing projects for political and economic gain rather than public need. They divert supplies to favored regions, causing shortages in vulnerable provinces like Khuzestan and Sistan-Baluchestan. For example, water diversion projects in <a href="/wiki/Isfahan_province" title="Isfahan province">Isfahan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yazd_province" title="Yazd province">Yazd</a> provinces receive priority despite critical shortages in Khuzestan and Sistan-Baluchestan. Reports also indicate that certain agricultural and industrial enterprises with ties to the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps have received significant amounts of water, while small farmers and rural communities struggle with severe shortages.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iran's central government prioritizes water allocation for industrial and urban centers, often at the expense of rural and minority populations. These groups face severe water shortages, ecological degradation, and a loss of livelihoods. This pattern of unequal development not only exacerbates regional disparities but also fuels social unrest and environmental crises. Iran's water policy is also characterized by an overreliance on dam construction and large-scale diversion projects, primarily benefiting politically connected enterprises and urban elites. This has led to the drying of rivers, wetlands, and other vital ecosystems, intensifying dust storms and land subsidence in regions like Khuzestan and <a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_province" title="Sistan and Baluchestan province">Sistan-Baluchestan</a>. Such environmental degradation, combined with insufficient governmental oversight and transparency, worsens living conditions for marginalized communities, reinforcing cycles of poverty and socio-political marginalization.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Migration_from_Khuzestan_province">Migration from Khuzestan province</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Migration from Khuzestan province"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, Khuzestan, one of Iran's most water-rich provinces, has been hit hard by the mismanagement of water resources. The drying of rivers, including the <a href="/wiki/Karkheh_River" title="Karkheh River">Karkheh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karun" title="Karun">Karun</a>, has made agriculture unsustainable in many parts of the province. In recent years, Khuzestan has witnessed a significant exodus of its rural population as people move to cities for work and better living conditions. The situation has been exacerbated by periodic dust storms, which further degrade the environment and make life untenable in affected regions. This environmental migration from Khuzestan has led to social tensions in the region, as local communities face declining living standards and heightened unemployment.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Khuzestan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Khuzestan Province">Politics of Khuzestan Province</a></div> <p>Khuzestan is ethnically diverse, home to many different ethnic groups.<sup id="cite_ref-khuz_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khuz-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has a bearing on Khuzestan's electoral politics, with ethnic minority rights playing a significant role in the province's political culture. The province's geographical location bordering Iraq and its oil resources also make it a politically sensitive region, particularly given its history of foreign intervention, notably the Iraqi invasion of 1980. </p><p>Some ethnic groups complain over the distribution of the revenue generated by oil resources with claims that the central government is failing to invest profits from the oil industry in employment generation, post-war reconstruction and welfare projects. Low human development indicators among local Khuzestanis are contrasted with the wealth generation of the local oil industry. Minority rights are frequently identified with strategic concerns, with ethnic unrest perceived by the Iranian government as being generated by foreign governments to undermine the country's oil industry and its internal stability. The politics of Khuzestan therefore have international significance and go beyond the realm of electoral politics. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_Information_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Jane's Information Group">Jane's Information Group</a>, "Most Iranian Arabs seek their constitutionally guaranteed rights and do not have a separatist agenda. ... While it may be true that some Arab activists are separatists, most see themselves as Iranians first and declare their commitment to the state's territorial integrity."<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parthian_Queen_Bust.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Parthian_Queen_Bust.jpg/220px-Parthian_Queen_Bust.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Parthian_Queen_Bust.jpg/330px-Parthian_Queen_Bust.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Parthian_Queen_Bust.jpg/440px-Parthian_Queen_Bust.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>A bust from The <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Iran" title="National Museum of Iran">National Museum of Iran</a> of Queen <a href="/wiki/Musa_of_Parthia" title="Musa of Parthia">Musa</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Phraates_IV_of_Parthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Phraates IV of Parthia">Phraates IV of Parthia</a>, excavated by a French team in Khuzestan in 1939.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_literature">In literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: In literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khuzestan has long been the subject of many a writer and poet of Persia, banking on its ample sugar production to use the term as allegory for sweetness. Some popular verses are: </p><p>"Her lips aflow with sweet sugar,<br /> The sweet sugar that aflows in Khuzestan."<br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Nizami_Ganjavi" title="Nizami Ganjavi">Nizami</a></i> </p><p>"Your graceful figure like the <a href="/wiki/Cypress_of_Kashmar" title="Cypress of Kashmar">cypress in Kashmar</a>,<br /> Your sweet lips like the sugar of Khuzestan."<br /> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nizari_Qohistani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nizari Qohistani (page does not exist)">Nizari Qohistani</a></i> </p><p>"So Sām hath not need ride afar<br /> from <a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a> up to <a href="/wiki/Qandehar" class="mw-redirect" title="Qandehar">Qandehar</a>."<br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Ferdosi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdosi">Ferdosi</a></i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditions_and_religion">Traditions and religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Traditions and religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Beth_Huzaye_(East_Syriac_ecclesiastical_province)" title="Beth Huzaye (East Syriac ecclesiastical province)">Beth Huzaye (East Syriac ecclesiastical province)</a></div> <p>The people of Khuzestan are predominantly <a href="/wiki/Shia_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia Muslims">Shia Muslims</a>, with small <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Muslim">Sunni Muslim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mandaeanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandaeanism">Mandaean</a> minorities. Khuzestanis are also very well regarded for their hospitality and generosity.<sup id="cite_ref-khuz_51-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-khuz-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iranian cuisine</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">Seafood</a> is the most important part of Khuzestani <a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">cuisine</a>, but many other dishes are also featured. The most popular Khuzestani dish is <i>Ghalyeh Mahi</i>, a fish dish that is prepared with heavy spices, onions and cilantro. The fish used in the dish is locally known as <i>mahi soboor</i> (<a href="/wiki/Shad" class="mw-redirect" title="Shad">shad</a> fish), a species of <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a> found in the Persian Gulf. Other provincial specialties include <i>Ghalyeh Meygu</i> ("shrimp casserole"), <i>ashe-mohshala</i> (a <a href="/wiki/Khorramshahr" title="Khorramshahr">Khorramshahri</a> breakfast stew), <i>sær shir</i> (a <a href="/wiki/Dezful" title="Dezful">Dezfuli</a> breakfast of heavy cream), <i>hælim</i> (a <a href="/wiki/Shushtar" title="Shushtar">Shushtari</a> breakfast of wheatmeal with shredded lamb), and <i>kohbbeh</i> (a deep-fried rice cake with ground beef filling and other spices of Arabic origin, a variant on <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levantine</a> <a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">kibbeh</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_figures">Historical figures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Historical figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many scientists, philosophers, and poets have come from Khuzestan, including <a href="/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas">Abu Nuwas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdollah_ibn-Meymun_Ahvazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdollah ibn-Meymun Ahvazi (page does not exist)">Abdollah ibn-Meymun Ahvazi</a>, the astronomer <a href="/wiki/Naubakht" title="Naubakht">Nowbækht-e Ahvazi</a> and his sons as well as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jorjis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jorjis (page does not exist)">Jorjis</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Bukhtishu" title="Bukhtishu">Bakhtshua Gondishapuri</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Sakit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Sakit (page does not exist)">Ibn Sakit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Da%27bal-e_Khazai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Da'bal-e Khazai (page does not exist)">Da'bal-e Khazai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morteza_Ansari" class="mw-redirect" title="Morteza Ansari">Sheikh Mortedha Ansari</a>, a prominent Shi'a scholar from <a href="/wiki/Dezful" title="Dezful">Dezful</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attractions_of_Khuzestan">Attractions of Khuzestan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Attractions of Khuzestan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Iran_National_Heritage_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran National Heritage Organization">Iran National Heritage Organization</a> lists 140 sites of historical and cultural significance in Khuzestan, reflecting the fact that the province was once the seat of Iran's most ancient empire. </p><p>Some of the more popular sites of attraction include: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arm_less_man_edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Arm_less_man_edit1.jpg/220px-Arm_less_man_edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Arm_less_man_edit1.jpg/330px-Arm_less_man_edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Arm_less_man_edit1.jpg/440px-Arm_less_man_edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1208" data-file-height="1058" /></a><figcaption>The <i><a href="/wiki/Shami_statue" title="Shami statue">Parthian Prince</a></i>, found in Khuzestan c. AD 100, is kept at The <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Iran" title="National Museum of Iran">National Museum of Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choqa_Zanbil" class="mw-redirect" title="Choqa Zanbil">Choqa Zanbil</a>: The seat of the <a href="/wiki/Elamite_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Elamite Empire">Elamite Empire</a>, this <a href="/wiki/Ziggurat" title="Ziggurat">ziggurat</a> is a magnificent five-story temple that is one of the greatest ancient monuments in the Middle-East today. The monolith, with its labyrinthine walls made of thousands of large bricks with Elamite inscription, manifest the sheer antiquity of the shrine. The temple was religiously sacred and built in the honor of <a href="/wiki/Inshushinak" title="Inshushinak">Inshushinak</a>, the protector deity of the city of <a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a>.</li> <li><i>Shush-Daniel</i>: Burial site of the Jewish prophet <a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a>. He is said to have died in <a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a> on his way to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> upon the order of Darius. The grave of <a href="/wiki/Ya%27qub_bin_Laith_as-Saffar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar">Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar</a>, who rose against the oppression of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> Caliphate, is also located nearby.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezful" title="Dezful">Dezful</a> (<i>Dezh-pol</i>), whose name is taken from a bridge (<i>pol</i>) over the <a href="/wiki/Dez_River" title="Dez River">Dez river</a> having 12 spans built by the order of <a href="/wiki/Shapur_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shapur I of Persia">Shapur I</a>. This is the same bridge that was called "Andamesh Bridge" by historians such as <a href="/wiki/Istakhri" title="Istakhri">Istakhri</a> who says the city of <a href="/wiki/Andimeshk" title="Andimeshk">Andimeshk</a> takes its name from this bridge. <a href="/wiki/Muqaddasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muqaddasi">Muqaddasi</a> called it "The City of the Bridge."</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shushtar" title="Shushtar">Shushtar</a>, home to the famous Shushtar Watermills and one of the oldest fortress cities in Iran, known as the "City of Forty Elders" in local dialect. In and around Shushtar, there are many displays of ancient hydraulic engineering. There are also the Band Mizan and Band Qeysar, 2000-year-old dams on the Karoun river and the famous Shadervan Bridge which is over 2000 years old. The Friday Mosque of Shushtar was built by the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasids</a>. The mosque, which features "Roman" arches, has 54 pillars and balconies.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izeh" title="Izeh">Izeh</a>, or <i>Izaj</i>, was one of the main targets of the invading Islamic army in their conquest of Persia. <i>Kharezad Bridge</i>, one of the strangest bridges of the world, was situated in this city and was named after Ardeshir Babakan's mother. It is built over cast pillars of lead each 104 meters high. <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a>, who visited the city in the 14th century, refers to many monasteries, <a href="/wiki/Caravanserai" title="Caravanserai">caravanserais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_(watercourse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqueduct (watercourse)">aqueducts</a>, schools, and fortresses in the town. The brass statue of <i>The Parthian Man</i>, kept at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Iran" title="National Museum of Iran">National Museum of Iran</a>, is from here.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjed_Soleiman" class="mw-redirect" title="Masjed Soleiman">Masjed Soleiman</a>, another ancient town, has ancient fire altars and temples such as <i>Sar-masjed</i> and <i>Bard-neshondeh</i>. It is also the winter's resting area of the <a href="/wiki/Bakhtiari_people" title="Bakhtiari people">Bakhtiari</a> tribe, and where <a href="/wiki/William_Knox_D%27Arcy" title="William Knox D'Arcy">William Knox D'Arcy</a> dug Iran's first oil well.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abadan,_Iran" title="Abadan, Iran">Abadan</a> is said to be where the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a>, the long lived <a href="/wiki/Hebrews" title="Hebrews">Hebrew</a> prophet is.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iwan" title="Iwan">Iwan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></i>, and <i>Iwan of Karkheh</i>, two enigmatic ruins north of <a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karun3-dam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Karun3-dam.jpg/220px-Karun3-dam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Karun3-dam.jpg/330px-Karun3-dam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Karun3-dam.jpg/440px-Karun3-dam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>The government of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> is spending large amounts of money in Khuzestan province. The massive Karun-3 dam, was inaugurated recently as part of a drive to boost Iran's growing energy demands.</figcaption></figure> <p>Khuzestan is the major oil-producing region of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, and as such is one of the wealthiest provinces in Iran. Khuzestan ranks third among Iran's provinces in GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, Iran's government announced it was planning the country's second nuclear reactor to be built in Khuzestan province.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 360 MW reactor will be a <a href="/wiki/Light_water_reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Light water reactor">light water</a> <a href="/wiki/Pressurized_water_reactor" title="Pressurized water reactor">PWR Reactor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khuzestan is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Arvand_Free_Trade_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Arvand Free Trade Zone">Arvand Free Trade Zone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of six economic Free Trade Zones in Iran,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the PETZONE (Petrochemical Special Economic Zone in <a href="/wiki/Mahshahr" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahshahr">Mahshahr</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shipping">Shipping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Shipping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Karun_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Karun River">Karun River</a> is the only navigable river in Iran. The British, up until recent decades, after the discovery by <a href="/wiki/Austen_Henry_Layard" title="Austen Henry Layard">Austen Henry Layard</a>, transported their merchandise via Karun's waterways, passing through Ahvaz all the way up to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Langar_near_Shushtar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langar near Shushtar (page does not exist)">Langar near Shushtar</a>, and then sent by road to <a href="/wiki/Masjed_Soleiman" class="mw-redirect" title="Masjed Soleiman">Masjed Soleimanthe</a> site of their first oil wells in the Naftoon oil field. Karoun is capable of the sailing of fairly large ships as far up as <a href="/wiki/Shushtar" title="Shushtar">Shushtar</a>. </p><p>Karkheh, Jarrahi, Arvandrood, Handian, Shavoor, Bahmanshir (Bahman-Ardeshir), Maroon-Alaa', Dez, and many other rivers and water sources in the form of <i>Khurs</i>, lagoons, ponds, and marshes demonstrate the vastness of water resources in this region, and are the main reason for the variety of agricultural products developed in the area. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AbadanIsland.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/AbadanIsland.png/250px-AbadanIsland.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/AbadanIsland.png 1.5x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption>Sketch of the Abadan island showing rivers and date palm plantations</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The abundance of water and the fertility of the soil have made this region a rich and well-endowed land. The variety of agricultural products such as <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oilseeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Oilseeds">oilseeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a>, medicinal herbs; the existence of many palm and <a href="/wiki/Citrus" title="Citrus">citrus</a> farms; the proximity of mountains suitable for raising <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olives</a>, and of course <a href="/wiki/Sugar_cane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar cane">sugar cane</a>—from which Khuzestan takes its name—all show the great potential of this fertile region. In 2005, 51,000 hectares of land were planted with sugar canes, producing 350,000 tons of <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The abundance of water supplies, rivers, and dams, also have an influence on the fishery industries, which are prevalent in the area. </p><p>The Abadan island is an important area for the production of <a href="/wiki/Datepalm" class="mw-redirect" title="Datepalm">datepalms</a>, but it has suffered from the invasion of the Iraqi army during the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a>. The palm groves are irrigated by <a href="/wiki/Irrigation_in_Iran#Tidal_irrigation_at_Abadan_island,_Iran" title="Irrigation in Iran">tidal irrigation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At high <a href="/wiki/Tide" title="Tide">tide</a>, the waterlevel in the rivers is set up and the river flow enters the irrigation canals that have been dug from the river towards the inland plantations. At low tide, the canals drain the unused part of the water back to the river. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shahid_Abbaspour_Dam_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Shahid_Abbaspour_Dam_1.jpg/200px-Shahid_Abbaspour_Dam_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Shahid_Abbaspour_Dam_1.jpg/300px-Shahid_Abbaspour_Dam_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Shahid_Abbaspour_Dam_1.jpg/400px-Shahid_Abbaspour_Dam_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="782" data-file-height="473" /></a><figcaption>Shahid Abbaspour Dam</figcaption></figure> <p>There are several <a href="/wiki/Cane_sugar_mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Cane sugar mill">cane sugar mills</a> in Khuzestan province, among them <i><a href="/wiki/Haft_Tepe" title="Haft Tepe">Haft Tepe</a></i> and <i>Karun Agro Industry</i> near <a href="/wiki/Shushtar" title="Shushtar">Shushtar</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Karun-3_dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Karun-3 dam">Karun 3</a> and 4, and Karkheh Dam, as well as the petroleum reserves provide Iran with national sources of revenue and energy. The petrochemical and steel industries, pipe making, the power stations that feed the national electricity grid, the chemical plants, and the large refineries are some of Iran's major industrial facilities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oil">Oil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Oil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The province is also home to <a href="/wiki/Yadavaran_Field" title="Yadavaran Field">Yadavaran Field</a>, which is a major oil field in itself and part of the disputed <a href="/wiki/Al-Fakkah_Field" title="Al-Fakkah Field">Al-Fakkah Field</a>. Khuzestan holds 80% of Iran's onshore oil reserves, and thus 57% of Iran's total oil reserves, making it indispensable to the Iranian economy.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Khorramshahr University of Nautical Sciences and Technologies</li> <li>Institute for Higher Education ACECR Khouzestan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahvaz_Jundishapur_University_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences">Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_University_of_Technology" title="Petroleum University of Technology">Petroleum University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahid_Chamran_University_of_Ahvaz" title="Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz">Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040905084301/http://www.nbd.ac.ir/">Shahid Chamran University – Dezful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abadan_University_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Abadan University of Medical Sciences">Abadan University of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezful_University_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Dezful University of Medical Sciences">Dezful University of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li>Rahnama Institute of Higher Education</li> <li>MehrArvand University</li> <li>PNU of Abadan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Azad_University,_Ahvaz_Branch" title="Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch">Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch</a></li> <li>Islamic Azad University – Science & Research Branch, Khuzestan</li> <li>Islamic Azad University of Abadan</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iau-shoushtar.ac.ir/">Islamic Azad University of Shushtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Azad_University,_Masjed_Soleyman_Branch" title="Islamic Azad University, Masjed Soleyman Branch">Islamic Azad University, Masjed Soleyman Branch</a></li> <li>Islamic Azad University of Abadan</li> <li>Islamic Azad University of Omidiyeh</li> <li>Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz</li> <li>Islamic Azad University of Behbahan</li> <li>Islamic Azad University of Izeh</li> <li>Islamic Azad University, Mahshahr Branch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amirkabir_University_of_Technology" title="Amirkabir University of Technology">Amirkabir University of Technology</a>, Mahshahr campus</li> <li>Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan</li> <li>Payame Noor University of Ahvaz</li> <li>Amiralmoemenin University</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_III_the_Great" title="Antiochus III the Great">Antiochus III the Great</a>, 6th ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayatollah_Haj_Muhammad-Hassan_Jazayeri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayatollah Haj Muhammad-Hassan Jazayeri (page does not exist)">Ayatollah Haj Muhammad-Hassan Jazayeri</a>, religious leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Mousavi_Jazayeri" title="Mohammad Ali Mousavi Jazayeri">Mohammad Ali Mousavi Jazayeri</a>, previous Wali-Faqih representative, Ahvaz Friday Imam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siavash_Shams" title="Siavash Shams">Siavash Shams</a>, famous Persian pop singer, songwriter and record producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrangiz_Kar" title="Mehrangiz Kar">Mehrangiz Kar</a>, feminist lawyer and human rights activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezzat_Negahban" title="Ezzat Negahban">Ezzat Negahban</a>, Patriarch of the Iranian modern <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siavash_Ghomeyshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Siavash Ghomeyshi">Siavash Ghomeyshi</a>, singer, songwriter and composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Aminpour" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaiser Aminpour">Kaiser Aminpour</a>, famous poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Dabashi" title="Hamid Dabashi">Hamid Dabashi</a>, intellectual historian, cultural and literary critic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Monahan_(comedian)" title="Patrick Monahan (comedian)">Patrick Monahan</a>, Irish comedian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parviz_Abnar" title="Parviz Abnar">Parviz Abnar</a>, sound recordist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Abdevali" class="mw-redirect" title="Saeed Abdevali">Saeed Abdevali</a>, wrestler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasser_Taghvaee" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasser Taghvaee">Nasser Taghvaee</a>, director, photographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parviz_Dehdari" title="Parviz Dehdari">Parviz Dehdari</a>, well-known footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Chavoshi" title="Mohsen Chavoshi">Mohsen Chavoshi</a>, pop singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizhan_Emkanian" title="Bizhan Emkanian">Bizhan Emkanian</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamed_Haddadi" title="Hamed Haddadi">Hamed Haddadi</a>, NBA athlete</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Shamkhani" title="Ali Shamkhani">Ali Shamkhani</a>, Iran's minister of defense (1997–2005), Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_National_Security_Council" title="Supreme National Security Council">Supreme National Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masoud_Shojaei" title="Masoud Shojaei">Masoud Shojaei</a>, national football star</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hossein_Kaebi" title="Hossein Kaebi">Hossein Kaebi</a>, national football star</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_Kameli_Mofrad" title="Jalal Kameli Mofrad">Jalal Kameli Mofrad</a>, national football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iman_Mobali" title="Iman Mobali">Iman Mobali</a>, national football star</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Mahmoud" title="Ahmad Mahmoud">Ahmad Mahmoud</a>, novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Eskandari" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Reza Eskandari">Mohammad Reza Eskandari</a>, Iran's minister of agriculture (2017–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Rezaee" title="Mohsen Rezaee">Mohsen Rezaee</a>, Secretary of Iran's powerful <a href="/wiki/Expediency_Discernment_Council" title="Expediency Discernment Council">Expediency Discernment Council</a> until 2021</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nuwas" title="Abu Nuwas">Abu Nuwas</a>, a well-known poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Abbas_al-Magusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn Abbas al-Magusi">Majusi</a>, famous physician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naubakht" title="Naubakht">Naubakht</a>, astronomer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyyed_Nematollah_Jazayeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Seyyed Nematollah Jazayeri">Seyyed Nematollah Jazayeri</a>, Shia Islam scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hashemi_(commander)" title="Ali Hashemi (commander)">Ali Hashemi</a>, commander in the Iran–Iraq War</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAhmady2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kameel_Ahmady" title="Kameel Ahmady">Ahmady, Kameel</a> (2023). <i><a href="/wiki/From_Border_to_Border" title="From Border to Border">From Border to Border</a></i>. Moldova: Scholars' Press publishes. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786206769538" title="Special:BookSources/9786206769538"><bdi>9786206769538</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Border+to+Border&rft.place=Moldova&rft.pub=Scholars%27+Press+publishes&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9786206769538&rft.aulast=Ahmady&rft.aufirst=Kameel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhuzestan+province" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>The Iran-Iraq War (Revised & Expanded Edition): Volume 1 – The Battle For Khuzestan, September 1980-May 1982. by E.R. Hooton (Author), Tom Cooper (Author), Farzin Nadimi (Author)</li> <li>Ahmadi, Shaherzad, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://utpress.utexas.edu/9781477329931/">Bordering on War: A Social and Political History of Khuzestan.</a></i> University of Texas Press (2024) Austin, TX, ISBN 978-1-4773-2993-1</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andimeshk" title="Andimeshk">Andimeshk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shushtar" title="Shushtar">Shushtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choqa_Zanbil" class="mw-redirect" title="Choqa Zanbil">Choqa Zanbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahian-e_Noor" title="Rahian-e Noor">Rahian-e Noor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Khuzestan" title="Muslim conquest of Khuzestan">Muslim conquest of Khuzestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Muslim conquest of Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_name_Khuzestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Origin of the name Khuzestan">Origin of the name Khuzestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_Marshes" title="Mesopotamian Marshes">Mesopotamian Marshes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ascetical_Homilies_of_Isaac_the_Syrian" title="The Ascetical Homilies of Isaac the Syrian">The Ascetical Homilies of Isaac the Syrian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_irrigation#Tidal_irrigation_at_Abadan_island,_Iran" title="Tidal irrigation">Tidal irrigation in Abadan Island</a></li></ul></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Khuzestan_Province" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Khuzestan Province">Khuzestan Province</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also <a href="/wiki/Romanize" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanize">romanized</a> as <b>Ostān-e Xuzestān</b> and <b>Xuzestan</b></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Separated from <a href="/wiki/Behbahan_County" title="Behbahan County">Behbahan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Omidiyeh_County" title="Omidiyeh County">Omidiyeh</a> Counties after the 2011 census<sup id="cite_ref-Aghajari_County_Establishment_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aghajari_County_Establishment-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Separated from <a href="/wiki/Masjed_Soleyman_County" title="Masjed Soleyman County">Masjed Soleyman County</a> after the 2006 census<sup id="cite_ref-Andika_County_Establishment_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andika_County_Establishment-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Separated from <a href="/wiki/Ahvaz_County" title="Ahvaz County">Ahvaz County</a> after the 2006 census<sup id="cite_ref-Miscellaneous_Divisional_Reforms_190139_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miscellaneous_Divisional_Reforms_190139-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Separated from <a href="/wiki/Izeh_County" title="Izeh County">Izeh County</a> after the 2016 census<sup id="cite_ref-Dezpart_County_Establishment_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dezpart_County_Establishment-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Separated from <a href="/wiki/Ramhormoz_County" title="Ramhormoz County">Ramhormoz County</a> after the 2006 census<sup id="cite_ref-Haftkel_County_Establishment_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haftkel_County_Establishment-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Separated from Ahvaz County after the 2011 census<sup id="cite_ref-Hamidiyeh_County_Establishment_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamidiyeh_County_Establishment-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Separated from <a href="/wiki/Dasht-e_Azadegan_County" title="Dasht-e Azadegan County">Dasht-e Azadegan County</a> after the 2006 census<sup id="cite_ref-Hoveyzeh_County_Establishment_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoveyzeh_County_Establishment-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Separated from <a href="/wiki/Shush_County" title="Shush County">Shush County</a> after the 2016 census<sup id="cite_ref-Karkheh_County_Establishment_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karkheh_County_Establishment-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Separated from Ahvaz County after the 2011 census<sup id="cite_ref-Karun_County_Establishment_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karun_County_Establishment-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Separated from <a href="/wiki/Bagh-e_Malek_County" title="Bagh-e Malek County">Bagh-e Malek County</a> after the 2016 census<sup id="cite_ref-Seydun_County_Establishment_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seydun_County_Establishment-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOpenStreetMap_contributors2024" class="citation map cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">OpenStreetMap contributors (13 December 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=31.333333&mlon=48.666667&zoom=8#map=8/31.333/48.667">"Khuzestan Province"</a> (Map). <i><a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></i> (in Persian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OpenStreetMap&rft.atitle=Khuzestan+Province&rft.date=2024-12-13&rft.au=OpenStreetMap+contributors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.openstreetmap.org%2F%3Fmlat%3D31.333333%26mlon%3D48.666667%26zoom%3D8%23map%3D8%2F31.333%2F48.667&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhuzestan+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2016_Khuzestan_Province-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2016_Khuzestan_Province_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2016_Khuzestan_Province_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2016_Khuzestan_Province_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2016_Khuzestan_Province_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2016_Khuzestan_Province_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021081917/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_06.xlsx">Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Khuzestan Province</a>. <i>amar.org.ir</i> (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_06.xlsx">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Excel)</span> on 21 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Census+of+the+Islamic+Republic+of+Iran%2C+1395+%282016%29%3A+Khuzestan+Province&rft.pub=The+Statistical+Center+of+Iran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amar.org.ir%2FPortals%2F0%2Fcensus%2F1395%2Fresults%2Fabadi%2FCN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_06.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhuzestan+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmar" class="citation web cs1">Amar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amar.org.ir/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%88-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA#5581721--">"توجه: تفاوت در سرجمع به دليل گرد شدن ارقام به رقم هزار مي باشد. (in Persian)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87%3A+%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9+%D8%A8%D9%87+%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84+%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF+%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86+%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A8%D9%87+%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85+%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D9%85%D9%8A+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF.+%28in+Persian%29&rft.au=Amar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amar.org.ir%2F%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D9%2587%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7-%25D9%2588-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25A2%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%2F%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA-%25D9%2588-%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25DB%258C-%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%2F%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%235581721--&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhuzestan+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>hdi.globaldatalab.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+%E2%80%93+Area+Database+%E2%80%93+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdi.globaldatalab.org%2Fareadata%2Fshdi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhuzestan+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khuzestan_province_Structure-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Khuzestan_province_Structure_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHabibi2014" class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Habibi, Hassan (26 July 2014) [Approved 21 June 1369]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140717093724/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113029">Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Khuzestan province, centered in the city of Ahvaz</a>. <i>rc.majlis.ir</i> (Report) (in Persian). Islamic Parliament Research Center. Proposal 3233.1.5.53; Letter 907-93808; Notification 82830/T126K. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113029">the original</a> on 17 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Approval+of+the+organization+and+chain+of+citizenship+of+the+elements+and+units+of+the+national+divisions+of+Khuzestan+province%2C+centered+in+the+city+of+Ahvaz&rft.pub=Islamic+Parliament+Research+Center&rft.date=2014-07-26&rft.aulast=Habibi&rft.aufirst=Hassan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frc.majlis.ir%2Ffa%2Flaw%2Fshow%2F113029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhuzestan+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hamshahrionline.ir/details/263382/Iran/-provinces">"همشهری آنلاین-استان‌های کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند"</a> [Provinces Were Divided into Five Regions]. <i>Hamshahri Online</i> (in Persian). 22 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140623191332/http://www.hamshahrionline.ir/details/263382/Iran/-provinces">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hamshahri+Online&rft.atitle=%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1+%D8%A8%D9%87+%DB%B5+%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87+%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85+%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF&rft.date=2014-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hamshahrionline.ir%2Fdetails%2F263382%2FIran%2F-provinces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhuzestan+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to: Sir <a href="/wiki/Percy_Sykes" title="Percy Sykes">Percy Sykes</a>, <i>A History of Persia</i>, RoutledgeCurzon Publishers. 3rd edition. 16 October 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-32678-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-32678-8">0-415-32678-8</a> p.38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to <i>The <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_History_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge History of Iran">Cambridge History of Iran</a></i>, 2, 259, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-20091-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-20091-1">0-521-20091-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">van Bladel, "The Language of the Xuz̄ and the Fate of Elamite"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel, Elton L. <i>The History of Iran</i>. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-30731-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-30731-8">0-313-30731-8</a>. Print. p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorthington2012" class="citation book cs1">Worthington, Ian (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yxqpAgAAQBAJ&q=susa+weddings+324"><i>Alexander the Great: A Reader</i></a>. Routledge. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1136640049" title="Special:BookSources/978-1136640049"><bdi>978-1136640049</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alexander+the+Great%3A+A+Reader&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1136640049&rft.aulast=Worthington&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyxqpAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dsusa%2Bweddings%2B324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhuzestan+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716080350/http://www.iranica.com/articles/search/searchpdf.isc?ReqStrPDFPath=%2Fhome1%2Firanica%2Farticles%2Fv2_articles%2Farab&OptStrLogFile=%2Fhome%2Firanica%2Fpublic_html%2Flogs%2Fpdfdownload.html">"Encyclopædia Iranica | Home"</a>. <i>Iranica.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranica.com/articles/search/searchpdf.isc?ReqStrPDFPath=/home1/iranica/articles/v2_articles/arab&OptStrLogFile=/home/iranica/public_html/logs/pdfdownload.html">the original</a> on 16 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iranica.com&rft.atitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica+%26%23124%3B+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranica.com%2Farticles%2Fsearch%2Fsearchpdf.isc%3FReqStrPDFPath%3D%2Fhome1%2Firanica%2Farticles%2Fv2_articles%2Farab%26OptStrLogFile%3D%2Fhome%2Firanica%2Fpublic_html%2Flogs%2Fpdfdownload.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhuzestan+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoyland, Robert G., <i>Seeing Islam as Others Saw It</i>, Darwin Press, 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87850-125-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87850-125-8">0-87850-125-8</a> p184</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>, p. 206</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>, page 204, under "Arab conquest of Persia"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>, p. 212</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>, p. 215, under "Arab Tribes of Iran"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See J.R. Perry, <i>"The Banu Ka'b: An Amphibious Brigand State in Khuzestan", </i>Le Monde<i> Iranien et L'Islam I</i>, 1971, p. 133</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Iranica" title="Encyclopædia Iranica">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>, p. 216</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamhormozi2016" class="citation book cs1">Ramhormozi, H. (19 April 2016). <i>Averting an Iranian geopolitical crisis : a tale of power play for dominance between colonial powers, tribal and government actors in the pre and post World War One era</i>. 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Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 133760/42/1/1; Notification 82399/T45846H. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/815330">the original</a> on 28 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Ministry of the Interior, Political and Defense Commission. 19 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dolat.ir/detail/190139">the original</a> on 26 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Ministry of the Interior, Cabinet of Ministers. Proposal 66241; Notification 46297/T57921. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sdil.ac.ir/مصوبات-هیأت-دولت-دهه-دوم-مرداد-1400/">the original</a> on 28 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iran+nuclear+aghazadeh&rft.pub=BBC+News+Persian&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fpersian%2Firan%2Fstory%2F2005%2F12%2F051210_ss-irannuclearaghazadeh.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhuzestan+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180114110347/http://www.arvandfreezone.ir/">"سازمان منطقه آزاد اروند | Arvand Free Zone Organization"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arvandfreezone.ir/">the original</a> on 14 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87+%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF+%26%23124%3B+Arvand+Free+Zone+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arvandfreezone.ir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhuzestan+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.iftiz.org.ir">http://www.iftiz.org.ir</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060202003748/http://www.iftiz.org.ir/">Archived</a> 2006-02-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://former.president.ir/eng/cronicnews/1383/8312/831212/index-e.htm">http://former.president.ir/eng/cronicnews/1383/8312/831212/index-e.htm</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2017">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waterlog.info/reports.htm">Consultancy report on the Abadan project</a></i>. Abvarzan Co., Tehran, Iran, 12 September 2004, under nr. 1, or as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waterlog.info/pdf/abadan.pdf">PDF</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Facts Global Energy, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis_includes/countries_long/Iran/background.htm">Iran's Oil and Gas Annual Report 2017</a></i> (December 2017).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuzestan_province&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHouchang_E._Chehabi" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Houchang_E._Chehabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Houchang E. Chehabi">Houchang E. Chehabi</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211102203251/http://web.mit.edu/isg/iranica.html">"Regional Studies: Khuzistan"</a>. <i>Bibliographia Iranica</i>. USA: Iranian Studies Group at <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/isg/iranica.html">the original</a> on 2 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bibliographia+Iranica&rft.atitle=Regional+Studies%3A+Khuzistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Fisg%2Firanica.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhuzestan+province" class="Z3988"></span> (Bibliography)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Khuzestan_province37" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Khuzestan_province37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Khuzestan province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ilam_province" title="Ilam province">Ilam province</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lorestan_province" title="Lorestan province">Lorestan province</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isfahan_province" title="Isfahan province">Isfahan province</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Maysan_Governorate" title="Maysan Governorate">Maysan Governorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Khuzestan province</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chahar_Mahaal_and_Bakhtiari_province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chahar Mahaal and Bakhtiari province (page does not exist)">Chahar Mahaal and Bakhtiari province</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kohgiluyeh_and_Boyer-Ahmad_province" title="Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province">Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Basra_Governorate" title="Basra Governorate">Basra Governorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bushehr_province" title="Bushehr province">Bushehr province</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241119#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata702" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241119#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata702" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241119#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4110078-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13513418j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13513418j">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/9a9efb77-1be8-4216-8566-d0a941767163">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provinces_of_Iran21" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provinces_of_Iran" title="Template:Provinces of Iran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provinces_of_Iran" title="Template talk:Provinces of Iran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces_of_Iran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces of Iran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinces_of_Iran21" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Iran" title="Provinces of Iran">Provinces of Iran</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alborz_province" title="Alborz province">Alborz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardabil_province" title="Ardabil province">Ardabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushehr_province" title="Bushehr province">Bushehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaharmahal_and_Bakhtiari_province" title="Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province">Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Azerbaijan_province" title="East Azerbaijan province">East Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fars_province" title="Fars province">Fars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilan_province" title="Gilan province">Gilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golestan_province" title="Golestan province">Golestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamadan_province" title="Hamadan province">Hamadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormozgan_province" title="Hormozgan province">Hormozgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilam_province" title="Ilam province">Ilam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isfahan_province" title="Isfahan province">Isfahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerman_province" title="Kerman province">Kerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kermanshah_province" title="Kermanshah province">Kermanshah</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khuzestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohgiluyeh_and_Boyer-Ahmad_province" title="Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province">Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_province" title="Kurdistan province">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorestan_province" title="Lorestan province">Lorestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markazi_province" title="Markazi province">Markazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazandaran_province" title="Mazandaran province">Mazandaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Khorasan_province" title="North Khorasan province">North Khorasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazvin_province" title="Qazvin province">Qazvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qom_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Qom Province">Qom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razavi_Khorasan_province" title="Razavi Khorasan province">Razavi Khorasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnan_province" title="Semnan province">Semnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_province" title="Sistan and Baluchestan province">Sistan and Baluchestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Khorasan_province" title="South Khorasan province">South Khorasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_province" title="Tehran province">Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Azerbaijan_province" title="West Azerbaijan province">West Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd_province" title="Yazd province">Yazd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanjan_province" title="Zanjan province">Zanjan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_map_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Iran"><img alt="Flag of Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_map_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_map_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_map_of_Iran.svg/60px-Flag_map_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_map_of_Iran.svg/80px-Flag_map_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fars_province,_Iran126" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fars_province" title="Template:Fars province"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fars_province" title="Template talk:Fars province"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fars_province" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fars province"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fars_province,_Iran126" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fars_province" title="Fars province">Fars province</a>, Iran</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shiraz</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fars_in_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Fars_in_Iran.svg/150px-Fars_in_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Fars_in_Iran.svg/225px-Fars_in_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Fars_in_Iran.svg/300px-Fars_in_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="457" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Iran" title="Counties of Iran">Counties</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Iran">cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abadeh_County" title="Abadeh County">Abadeh County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abadeh" title="Abadeh">Abadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahman,_Fars" title="Bahman, Fars">Bahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izadkhvast" class="mw-redirect" title="Izadkhvast">Izadkhvast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soghad" title="Soghad">Soghad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surmaq" title="Surmaq">Surmaq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bakhtegan_County" title="Bakhtegan County">Bakhtegan County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abadeh_Tashk" title="Abadeh Tashk">Abadeh Tashk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arsanjan_County" title="Arsanjan County">Arsanjan County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsanjan" title="Arsanjan">Arsanjan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beyza_County" title="Beyza County">Beyza County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beyza" title="Beyza">Beyza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bavanat_County" title="Bavanat County">Bavanat County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surian" class="mw-redirect" title="Surian">Surian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chenar_Shahijan_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Chenar Shahijan County">Chenar Shahijan County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qaemiyeh" title="Qaemiyeh">Qaemiyeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Darab_County" title="Darab County">Darab County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darab" title="Darab">Darab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jannat_Shahr" title="Jannat Shahr">Jannat Shahr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eqlid_County" title="Eqlid County">Eqlid County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eqlid" title="Eqlid">Eqlid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedeh" title="Sedeh">Sedeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Estahban_County" title="Estahban County">Estahban County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estahban" title="Estahban">Estahban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ij,_Iran" title="Ij, Iran">Ij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runiz" title="Runiz">Runiz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evaz_County" title="Evaz County">Evaz County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evaz" title="Evaz">Evaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidshahr_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidshahr district">Bidshahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishvar" title="Fishvar">Fishvar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farashband_County" title="Farashband County">Farashband County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farashband" title="Farashband">Farashband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehram" title="Dehram">Dehram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nujin" title="Nujin">Nujin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fasa_County" title="Fasa County">Fasa County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasa" title="Fasa">Fasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Now_Bandegan" title="Now Bandegan">Now Bandegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheshdeh" title="Sheshdeh">Sheshdeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahedshahr" title="Zahedshahr">Zahedshahr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Firuzabad_County" title="Firuzabad County">Firuzabad County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firuzabad,_Fars" title="Firuzabad, Fars">Firuzabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meymand" title="Meymand">Meymand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gerash_County" title="Gerash County">Gerash County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerash" title="Gerash">Gerash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arad,_Iran" title="Arad, Iran">Arad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jahrom_County" title="Jahrom County">Jahrom County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jahrom" title="Jahrom">Jahrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duzeh" title="Duzeh">Duzeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qotbabad" title="Qotbabad">Qotbabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kavar_County" title="Kavar County">Kavar County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kavar" title="Kavar">Kavar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kazerun_County" title="Kazerun County">Kazerun County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazerun" title="Kazerun">Kazerun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baladeh,_Fars" class="mw-redirect" title="Baladeh, Fars">Baladeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khesht" title="Khesht">Khesht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konartakhteh" title="Konartakhteh">Konartakhteh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowdan" title="Nowdan">Nowdan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kharameh_County" title="Kharameh County">Kharameh County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kharameh" title="Kharameh">Kharameh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khonj_County" title="Khonj County">Khonj County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khonj" title="Khonj">Khonj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khorrambid_County" title="Khorrambid County">Khorrambid County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safashahr" title="Safashahr">Safashahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaderabad" title="Qaderabad">Qaderabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lamerd_County" title="Lamerd County">Lamerd County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamerd" title="Lamerd">Lamerd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahel,_Fars" title="Ahel, Fars">Ahel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamarvdasht" title="Alamarvdasht">Alamarvdasht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshkanan" title="Eshkanan">Eshkanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chah_Varz" title="Chah Varz">Chah Varz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Larestan_County" title="Larestan County">Larestan County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lar,_Iran" title="Lar, Iran">Lar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyram,_Iran" title="Beyram, Iran">Beyram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banaruiyeh" title="Banaruiyeh">Banaruiyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juyom" title="Juyom">Juyom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khur,_Fars" title="Khur, Fars">Khur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latifi" title="Latifi">Latifi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mamasani_County" title="Mamasani County">Mamasani County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nurabad,_Fars" title="Nurabad, Fars">Nurabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khumeh_Zar" title="Khumeh Zar">Khumeh Zar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marvdasht_County" title="Marvdasht County">Marvdasht County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marvdasht" title="Marvdasht">Marvdasht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamfiruz" title="Kamfiruz">Kamfiruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramjerd" title="Ramjerd">Ramjerd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seyyedan" title="Seyyedan">Seyyedan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mohr_County" title="Mohr County">Mohr County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohr,_Fars" title="Mohr, Fars">Mohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asir,_Iran" title="Asir, Iran">Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleh_Dar" title="Galleh Dar">Galleh Dar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varavi" title="Varavi">Varavi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neyriz_County" title="Neyriz County">Neyriz County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neyriz" title="Neyriz">Neyriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshkan" title="Meshkan">Meshkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatruyeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Qatruyeh">Qatruyeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pasargad_County" title="Pasargad County">Pasargad County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saadat_Shahr" title="Saadat Shahr">Saadat Shahr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qir_and_Karzin_County" title="Qir and Karzin County">Qir and Karzin County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qir" title="Qir">Qir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efzar" title="Efzar">Efzar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karzin" title="Karzin">Karzin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rostam_County" title="Rostam County">Rostam County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masiri" title="Masiri">Masiri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sarchehan_County" title="Sarchehan County">Sarchehan County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korehi" title="Korehi">Korehi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sarvestan_County" title="Sarvestan County">Sarvestan County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarvestan" title="Sarvestan">Sarvestan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sepidan_County" title="Sepidan County">Sepidan County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardakan,_Fars" title="Ardakan, Fars">Ardakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamashahr" title="Hamashahr">Hamashahr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zarqan_County" title="Zarqan County">Zarqan County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lapui" title="Lapui">Lapui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarqan" title="Zarqan">Zarqan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shiraz_County" title="Shiraz County">Shiraz County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shiraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darian,_Iran" title="Darian, Iran">Darian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zarrin_Dasht_County" title="Zarrin Dasht County">Zarrin Dasht County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hajjiabad,_Fars" title="Hajjiabad, Fars">Hajjiabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowbaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Dowbaran">Dowbaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahr-e_Pir" title="Shahr-e Pir">Shahr-e Pir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khafr_County" title="Khafr County">Khafr County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bab_Anar" title="Bab Anar">Bab Anar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khavaran,_Fars" title="Khavaran, Fars">Khavaran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afif-Abad_Garden" title="Afif-Abad Garden">Afif-Abad Garden</a></li> <li>Amir's dam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arg_of_Karim_Khan" title="Arg of Karim Khan">Arg of Karim Khan</a></li> <li>Barmdelak lagoon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishapur" title="Bishapur">Bishapur</a></li> <li>Delgosha Garden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eram_Garden" title="Eram Garden">Eram Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazar_Garden" title="Nazar Garden">Nazar Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istakhr" title="Istakhr">Istakhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghal%27eh_Dokhtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghal'eh Dokhtar">Ghal'eh Dokhtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27ba-ye_Zartosht" title="Ka'ba-ye Zartosht">Ka'ba-ye Zartosht</a></li> <li>Kazerun fire temple</li> <li>Lake Parishan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqsh-e_Rajab" title="Naqsh-e Rajab">Naqsh-e Rajab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqsh-e_Rustam" class="mw-redirect" title="Naqsh-e Rustam">Naqsh-e Rustam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Ardashir" title="Palace of Ardashir">Palace of Ardashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangtarashan_cave" title="Sangtarashan cave">Sangtarashan cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pars_Museum" title="Pars Museum">Pars Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasargadae" title="Pasargadae">Pasargadae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persepolis" title="Persepolis">Persepolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qavam_House" title="Qavam House">Qavam House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qur%27an_Gate" title="Qur'an Gate">Qur'an Gate</a></li> <li>Saadi's mausoleum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvestan_Palace" title="Sarvestan Palace">Sarvestan Sassanian palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Cheragh" title="Shah Cheragh">Shah Cheragh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colossal_Statue_of_Shapur_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Colossal Statue of Shapur I">Colossal Statue of Shapur I</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shapur_cave" title="Shapur cave">Shapur cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangeh_Bolaghi" title="Tangeh Bolaghi">Tangeh Bolaghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Ali_ibn_Hamzah,_Shiraz" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Ali ibn Hamzah, Shiraz">Tomb of Ali ibn Hamzah, Shiraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Hafez" title="Tomb of Hafez">Hāfezieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Seyed_Alaeddin_Husayn" title="Tomb of Seyed Alaeddin Husayn">Tomb of Seyed Alaeddin Husayn</a></li> <li>Tounbbot</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakil_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Vakil Bath">Vakil Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakil_Bazaar" title="Vakil Bazaar">Vakil Bazaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakil_Mosque" title="Vakil Mosque">Vakil Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Populated places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities,_towns_and_villages_in_Fars_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities, towns and villages in Fars Province">List of cities, towns and villages in Fars Province</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_regions_in_the_Arabian_plate74" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_regions_in_the_Arabian_Plate" title="Template:Countries and regions in the Arabian Plate"><abbr title="View this 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href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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