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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Certain Anabaptist Christian groups</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Order_River_Brethren_women.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Old_Order_River_Brethren_women.jpg/220px-Old_Order_River_Brethren_women.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Old_Order_River_Brethren_women.jpg/330px-Old_Order_River_Brethren_women.jpg 1.5x, 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:16.0em;border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#EEDC82;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Anabaptism" title="Category:Anabaptism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#EEDC82;"><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A 1685 illustration by Jan Luyken, published in Martyrs Mirror, of Dirk Willems saving his pursuer, an act of mercy that led to his recapture, after which he was burned at the stake near Asperen in the present-day Netherlands"><img alt="A 1685 illustration by Jan Luyken, published in Martyrs Mirror, of Dirk Willems saving his pursuer, an act of mercy that led to his recapture, after which he was burned at the stake near Asperen in the present-day Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg/220px-Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg/330px-Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg/440px-Dirk.willems.rescue.ncs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6594" data-file-height="5283" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">A 1685 illustration by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Luyken" title="Jan Luyken">Jan Luyken</a>, published in <i><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_Mirror" title="Martyrs Mirror">Martyrs Mirror</a></i>, of <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Willems" title="Dirk Willems">Dirk Willems</a> saving his pursuer, an act of mercy that led to his recapture, after which he was burned at the stake near <a href="/wiki/Asperen" title="Asperen">Asperen</a> in the present-day <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Background</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Reformation" title="Radical Reformation">Radical Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Doctrines and practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptist_theology" title="Anabaptist theology">Theology of Anabaptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Believer%27s_baptism" title="Believer's baptism">Believer's baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agape_feast" title="Agape feast">Lovefeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonconformity_to_the_world" title="Nonconformity to the world">Nonconformity to the world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonresistance" title="Nonresistance">Nonresistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">Free will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_all_believers" title="Priesthood of all believers">Priesthood of all believers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_(foot_washing)" title="Maundy (foot washing)">Foot washing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiss of peace">Holy kiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">Plain dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunning" title="Shunning">Shunning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Documents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schleitheim_Confession" title="Schleitheim Confession">Schleitheim Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dordrecht_Confession_of_Faith" title="Dordrecht Confession of Faith">Dordrecht Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ausbund" title="Ausbund">Ausbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_Mirror" title="Martyrs Mirror">Martyrs Mirror</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Key people</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Blaurock" title="George Blaurock">George Blaurock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Denck" title="Hans Denck">Hans Denck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Grebel" title="Conrad Grebel">Conrad Grebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchior_Hoffman" title="Melchior Hoffman">Melchior Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Hubmaier" title="Balthasar Hubmaier">Balthasar Hubmaier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Hut" title="Hans Hut">Hans Hut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Hutter" title="Jakob Hutter">Jakob Hutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mack" title="Alexander Mack">Alexander Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Manz" title="Felix Manz">Felix Manz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgram_Marpeck" title="Pilgram Marpeck">Pilgram Marpeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchior_Rink" title="Melchior Rink">Melchior Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sattler" title="Michael Sattler">Michael Sattler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menno_Simons" title="Menno Simons">Menno Simons</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Largest groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Christian_Church" title="Apostolic Christian Church">Apostolic Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brethren_in_Christ_Church" title="Brethren in Christ Church">Brethren in Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruderhof_Communities" title="Bruderhof Communities">Bruderhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Mennonites" title="Conservative Mennonites">Conservative Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_World_Conference" title="Mennonite World Conference">Mennonite World Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_Brethren_Church" title="Mennonite Brethren Church">Mennonite Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Colony_Mennonites" title="Old Colony Mennonites">Old Colony Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Order_Mennonite" title="Old Order Mennonite">Old Order Mennonites</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">River Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Mennonite">Russian Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren" title="Schwarzenau Brethren">Schwarzenau Brethren</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#EEDC82;;background:#EEDC82;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Related movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em; text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color: #FFFFE0; border:2px solid #FFFFE0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schwenkfelder_Church" title="Schwenkfelder Church">Schwenkfelders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Pietism" title="Radical Pietism">Radical Pietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_True_Inspiration" title="Community of True Inspiration">Inspirationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Anabaptism" title="Neo-Anabaptism">Neo-Anabaptism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anabaptist_vertical" title="Template:Anabaptist vertical"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anabaptist_vertical" title="Template talk:Anabaptist vertical"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anabaptist_vertical" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anabaptist vertical"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>River Brethren</b> are a group of historically related <a href="/wiki/Anabaptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabaptist">Anabaptist</a> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> denominations originating in 1770, during the <a href="/wiki/Radical_Pietist" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical Pietist">Radical Pietist</a> movement among <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> colonists in <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TW2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TW2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shantz2013_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shantz2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gertz2004_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gertz2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 17th century, <a href="/wiki/Mennonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Mennonite">Mennonite</a> <a href="/wiki/Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees">refugees</a> from <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> had settled their homes near the <a href="/wiki/Susquehanna_River" title="Susquehanna River">Susquehanna River</a> in the northeastern United States. </p><p>Their religious guides, Jacob and John Engle, joined with the revival, and their followers were often known by their locality: a group of brethren from north of <a href="/wiki/Marietta,_Pennsylvania" title="Marietta, Pennsylvania">Marietta, Pennsylvania</a>, on the east side of the <a href="/wiki/Susquehanna_River" title="Susquehanna River">Susquehanna River</a> came to be known as the <i>River Brethren</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The initial spiritual leader of the <i>brethren</i> was <a href="/wiki/Martin_Boehm" title="Martin Boehm">Martin Boehm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical</a> preacher, who was excluded from the Mennonite Church. He later became bishop of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_United_Brethren_in_Christ" title="Church of the United Brethren in Christ">Church of the United Brethren in Christ</a>.<br /> The <i>River Brethren</i> distanced themselves from Boehm and the United Brethren movement. </p><p>Influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren" title="Schwarzenau Brethren">Schwarzenau Brethren</a> (named <i>Dunkers</i>), the River Brethren developed a conviction that trine (triple, in allusion to the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a>) immersion, foot washing, adherence to <a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">plain dress</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Christian_headcovering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian headcovering">wearing of a headcovering by women</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">teetotalism</a> was the scriptural form of <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>. They oppose <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">war</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>, and worldly pleasures.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis2002_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis2002-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevertheless, they maintained their identity and did not join the Dunker movement. <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Engle" title="Jacob Engle">Jacob Engle</a> is one of the early leaders who promoted trine immersion. The first confessional statement of this group was formulated around 1780. </p><p>As of 2010 there are four bodies of River Brethren in about 300 congregations: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brethren_in_Christ_Church" title="Brethren in Christ Church">Brethren in Christ Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvary_Holiness_Church_(Philadelphia)" title="Calvary Holiness Church (Philadelphia)">Calvary Holiness Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Order_River_Brethren" title="Old Order River Brethren">Old Order River Brethren</a> (also called Yorker Brethren)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Zion_Church" title="United Zion Church">United Zion Church</a></li></ul> <p>Common to the Radical Piestic tradition, the River Brethren hold experience meetings, in which "members [are seen] testifying of God's work in their lives in bringing them to salvation and daily living."<sup id="cite_ref-Bronner2015_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bronner2015-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When a member has a <a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">conversion experience</a>, he or she begins taking part in the experience meeting and then requests <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bronner2015_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bronner2015-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Old Order River Brethren continue the practice of <a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">plain dress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gertz2004_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gertz2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several factions of the River Brethren withdrew in the middle of the 19th century, including the Yorker Brethren and the United Zion Church, while the main body took the name Brethren in Christ, by which a group of Mennonites is also known. </p><p>There were about 11,000 members in the United States and Canada in 1992. They carry out missionary work in Asia and Africa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Brethren&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-TW2021-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TW2021_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thirdwaycafe.com/faq/what-about-old-orders-hutterites-conservatives-river-brethren-and-others/">"What about Old Orders, Hutterites, Conservatives, River Brethren and Others?"</a>. Third Way. 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+about+Old+Orders%2C+Hutterites%2C+Conservatives%2C+River+Brethren+and+Others%3F&rft.pub=Third+Way&rft.date=2021&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthirdwaycafe.com%2Ffaq%2Fwhat-about-old-orders-hutterites-conservatives-river-brethren-and-others%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Brethren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shantz2013-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shantz2013_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShantz2013" class="citation book cs1">Shantz, Douglas H. (2013). <i>An Introduction to German Pietism: Protestant Renewal at the Dawn of Modern Europe</i>. JHU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-42140880-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-42140880-4"><bdi>978-1-42140880-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+German+Pietism%3A+Protestant+Renewal+at+the+Dawn+of+Modern+Europe&rft.pub=JHU+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-42140880-4&rft.aulast=Shantz&rft.aufirst=Douglas+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Brethren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gertz2004-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gertz2004_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gertz2004_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGertz2004" class="citation web cs1">Gertz, Steven (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianitytoday.com/history/issues/issue-84/outsiders-guide-to-americas-anabaptists.html">"Outsider's Guide to America's Anabaptists"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christianity_Today" title="Christianity Today">Christianity Today</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Outsider%27s+Guide+to+America%27s+Anabaptists&rft.pub=Christianity+Today&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Gertz&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianitytoday.com%2Fhistory%2Fissues%2Fissue-84%2Foutsiders-guide-to-americas-anabaptists.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Brethren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBender,_Harold_S.1959" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harold_S._Bender" title="Harold S. Bender">Bender, Harold S.</a> (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/river_brethren">"River Brethren"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Global_Anabaptist_Mennonite_Encyclopedia_Online" title="Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online">Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=River+Brethren&rft.pub=Global+Anabaptist+Mennonite+Encyclopedia+Online&rft.date=1959&rft.au=Bender%2C+Harold+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gameo.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Fcontents%2Friver_brethren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Brethren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis2002-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lewis2002_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2002" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, James R. (2002). <i>The Encyclopedia of Cults, Sects, and New Religions</i>. Prometheus Books. p. 151. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781615927388" title="Special:BookSources/9781615927388"><bdi>9781615927388</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Cults%2C+Sects%2C+and+New+Religions&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781615927388&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Brethren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bronner2015-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bronner2015_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bronner2015_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBronner2015" class="citation book cs1">Bronner, Simon J. (2015). <i>Encyclopedia of American Folklife</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-31747195-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-31747195-0"><bdi>978-1-31747195-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+American+Folklife&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-31747195-0&rft.aulast=Bronner&rft.aufirst=Simon+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Brethren" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=River_Brethren&oldid=1208565694">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=River_Brethren&oldid=1208565694</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:River_Brethren" title="Category:River Brethren">River Brethren</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German-American_culture_in_Pennsylvania" title="Category:German-American culture in Pennsylvania">German-American culture in Pennsylvania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swiss-American_culture_in_Pennsylvania" title="Category:Swiss-American culture in Pennsylvania">Swiss-American culture in Pennsylvania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mennonite_denominations" title="Category:Mennonite denominations">Mennonite denominations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radical_Pietism" title="Category:Radical Pietism">Radical Pietism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peace_churches" title="Category:Peace churches">Peace churches</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_July_2022" title="Category:Use American English from July 2022">Use American English from July 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_July_2022" title="Category:Use mdy dates from July 2022">Use mdy dates from July 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 February 2024, at 01:06<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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