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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Early folktales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_folktales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Georg_Schmid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Georg_Schmid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Georg Schmid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Georg_Schmid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apel's_Freischütz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apel's_Freischütz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Apel's <i>Freischütz</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apel's_Freischütz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hoffmann's_The_Devil's_Elixirs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hoffmann's_The_Devil's_Elixirs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Hoffmann's <i>The Devil's Elixirs</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hoffmann's_The_Devil's_Elixirs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weber's_opera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weber's_opera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Weber's opera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weber's_opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pitois'_Spectre_Fiancé" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pitois'_Spectre_Fiancé"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pitois' <i>Spectre Fiancé</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pitois'_Spectre_Fiancé-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slovene_version" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slovene_version"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Slovene version</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slovene_version-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leo_Perutz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leo_Perutz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Leo Perutz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leo_Perutz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Marksman in German folklore</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the romantic opera, see <a href="/wiki/Der_Freisch%C3%BCtz" title="Der Freischütz">Der Freischütz</a>.</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/German_folklore" title="German folklore">German folklore</a>, the figure of the <b><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Freischütz</span></span></b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈfʁaɪʃʏts]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/bf\/De-Freisch%C3%BCtz.ogg\/De-Freisch%C3%BCtz.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Freisch\u00fctz.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/De-Freisch%C3%BCtz.ogg/De-Freisch%C3%BCtz.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Freisch%C3%BCtz.ogg" title="File:De-Freischütz.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is a marksman who, by a <a href="/wiki/Deal_with_the_Devil" title="Deal with the Devil">contract with the devil</a>, has obtained a certain number of bullets destined to hit without fail whatever object he wishes. As the legend is usually told, six of the <b>magic bullets</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Freikugeln</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈfʁaɪˌkuːɡl̩n]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6d\/De-Freikugeln.ogg\/De-Freikugeln.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Freikugeln.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/De-Freikugeln.ogg/De-Freikugeln.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Freikugeln.ogg" title="File:De-Freikugeln.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) are thus subservient to the marksman's will, but the seventh is at the absolute disposal of the devil himself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freisch%C3%BCtz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Freischütz</i></span> is a German <a href="/wiki/Compound_word" class="mw-redirect" title="Compound word">compound word</a>, consisting of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">frei</i></span> (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">free</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Schütz</i></span> (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">shooter</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> or <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">rifleman</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). There are several theories that try to explain why the word <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">frei</i></span> is used. One is that it has a military origin, perhaps from terms like <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Freikorps" title="Freikorps">Freikorps</a></i></span> (independent <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">free-<a href="/wiki/Corps" title="Corps">corps</a></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> regiments), or the French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Franc-archer" title="Franc-archer">franc-archer</a></i></span> (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">free-archer</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Mould_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mould-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kind_1843_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kind_1843-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another suggests a supernatural element, with <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">frei</i></span> having a sense of magic or enchantment, or that the bullet is destined by fate or the devil.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It could even mean the acquisition of secret knowledge or skill, similarly to masters of other "free mathematical arts", such as stonemasons, painters, carvers, goldsmiths, and architects.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_folktales">Early folktales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freisch%C3%BCtz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early folktales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Freischütz folktales can be traced back to similar stories of magical arrows. The first known historical account is found in <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Kramer" title="Heinrich Kramer">Heinrich Kramer</a>'s <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Malleus_Maleficarum" title="Malleus Maleficarum">Malleus Maleficarum</a></i></span> (1487), of an archer found standing paralysed near <a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern_Castle" title="Hohenzollern Castle">Hohenzollern Castle</a> at a bleeding <a href="/wiki/Wayside_cross" title="Wayside cross">wayside crucifix</a>, which he had shot with the belief that he would get four arrows, three of which he could guide at will. In 1529, Landsknecht Melchior Hauser is said to have found a monk in <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> who used three or four such arrows each day.<sup id="cite_ref-Warrack_1976_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warrack_1976-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest known use of the term <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Freischütz</i></span> is from the 1586 trial at <a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a> of Hans Cröpelin and Cersten Sasse, two hunters accused of attempting to forge <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Freikugeln</i></span> bullets by arcane means.<sup id="cite_ref-Warrack_1976_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warrack_1976-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early accounts, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Freikugeln</i></span> are generally either made by shooting at a holy target (such as a <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">crucifix</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">image of Christ</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">the Host</a>), or casting the bullets at night, often at a <a href="/wiki/Crossroads_(folklore)" title="Crossroads (folklore)">crossroads</a>, sometimes using lead stolen from a church, poured through the eyes of the skull of a woman who died during childbirth, or using powders made from unpleasant recipes. This often happens on <a href="/wiki/Abdon_and_Sennen" title="Abdon and Sennen">St. Abdon's</a> day (30 July) or <a href="/wiki/Midsummer%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Midsummer's Day">Midsummer's Day</a>. The bullets can not only be guided at will, but can hit a named target miles away, even the devil himself. Some stories attribute other powers to the bullets, such as in one case transforming a <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">cat</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Chimney" title="Chimney">chimney</a> into a <a href="/wiki/Hare" title="Hare">hare</a>. However, whoever uses these bullets is shunned, and cannot enter churches. They generally meet an unpleasant end, sometimes with a bullet turned on them by the devil, and risk returning as a ghost cursed to hunt for eternity.<sup id="cite_ref-Warrack_1976_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warrack_1976-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Georg_Schmid">Georg Schmid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freisch%C3%BCtz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Georg Schmid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_von_Graben_zum_Stein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto von Graben zum Stein (page does not exist)">Otto von Graben zum Stein</a>'s <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Unterredung Von dem Reiche der Geister</i></span> (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Conversations from the Spirit-World</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) (1731), court records from a town in <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> in 1710 tell the story of Georg Schmid. Schmid, a young clerk who enjoyed target shooting, asked a hunter for advice. The hunter convinced Schmid to join him in casting bullets on the night of <a href="/wiki/Abdon_and_Sennen" title="Abdon and Sennen">St. Abdon's</a> day, sixty of which would always hit their target, but three, indistinguishable from the rest, would always miss. On the evening of St. Abdon's day, they went to a crossroads; the hunter drew a circle with strange characters around the edge using his <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Hunting_hanger" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunting hanger">Weide-Messer</a></i></span>, and told Schmid to remove his clothes and deny God and the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a>. They began to cast the bullets at eleven o'clock, and had to complete the task by midnight, or their souls would belong to <a href="/wiki/The_devil" class="mw-redirect" title="The devil">the devil</a>. During this time, many phantoms tried to distract them, but when they finished, a rider on a black horse appeared and demanded the bullets. The hunter refused, so the rider threw something onto the fire, which caused a stench that made them lose consciousness. When the hunter recovered, he took the bullets, went to the nearest village and told them Schmid was at the crossroads, then left for the <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a> mountains. Schmid was found and carried to the nearest town, where he was interrogated. He made a full confession, and was sentenced to death by sword, then burning, but as he was only about eighteen years old this was commuted to six years' <a href="/wiki/Penal_labour" title="Penal labour">imprisonment with hard labour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Niecks_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niecks-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Krehbiel_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krehbiel-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Apel's_Freischütz"><span id="Apel.27s_Freisch.C3.BCtz"></span>Apel's <i>Freischütz</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freisch%C3%BCtz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Apel's Freischütz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Freischütz tale became widely circulated in 1810 when <a href="/wiki/Johann_August_Apel" title="Johann August Apel">Johann August Apel</a> included it as the first tale in the first volume of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Gespensterbuch" title="Gespensterbuch">Gespensterbuch</a></i></span> (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Book of Ghosts</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Laun" title="Friedrich Laun">Friedrich Laun</a>, co-author of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gespensterbuch</i></span>, owned a copy of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Unterredung Von dem Reiche der Geister</i></span> (1731), and <a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Theodor_Gr%C3%A4sse" title="Johann Georg Theodor Grässe">Johann Georg Theodor Grässe</a> theorised that he brought the story of Georg Schmid to the attention of Apel.<sup id="cite_ref-Niecks_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Niecks-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Krehbiel_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krehbiel-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Apel's version of the story, a forester, Bertram, is the last male descendant of the hunter Kuno. He wants his daughter, Käthchen, to marry a hunter and continue his line. Käthchen loves a clerk called Wilhelm, who convinces Bertram of his skill as a huntsman; the couple get engaged and Wilhelm prepares for his test to become a forester. However, from the day of their engagement, Wilhelm is cursed, and begins to miss almost every shot. Wilhelm meets an old soldier with a wooden leg, who gives him a handful of magic bullets that always hit, but when the bullets run out, Wilhelm cannot find the old soldier to get more. After hearing Bertram tell the story of Georg Schmid, Wilhelm casts his own magic bullets on the night before the test, sixty of which will always hit, and three that belong to the devil. Wilhelm passes the test flawlessly, except for the final shot, which hits Käthchen, killing her, and driving Wilhelm insane. </p><p>Apel's version was translated into English by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_De_Quincey" title="Thomas De Quincey">Thomas De Quincey</a> (1823),<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Diana_Dods" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Diana Dods">Mary Diana Dods</a> (1825),<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/George_Godfrey_Cunningham" title="George Godfrey Cunningham">George Godfrey Cunningham</a> (1829),<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and anonymously (1833).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hoffmann's_The_Devil's_Elixirs"><span id="Hoffmann.27s_The_Devil.27s_Elixirs"></span>Hoffmann's <i>The Devil's Elixirs</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freisch%C3%BCtz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hoffmann's The Devil's Elixirs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/E._T._A._Hoffmann" title="E. T. A. Hoffmann">E. T. A. Hoffmann</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Devil%27s_Elixirs" title="The Devil's Elixirs">The Devil's Elixirs</a></i> (1815–1816) includes a gamekeeper who claims to have a feud with "<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Freischützen</span></span>" (sometimes translated as <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">devil's marksmen</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), who he says often try to kill him but are unable to due to his faith. When the gamekeeper's apprentice, Franz, fails to shoot what he thinks is the devil (actually the wild <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin" title="Order of Friars Minor Capuchin">Capuchin friar</a> Medardus), a rumour begins that the devil had approached Franz and offered him magic bullets.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_1963_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor_1963-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weber's_opera"><span id="Weber.27s_opera"></span>Weber's opera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freisch%C3%BCtz&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Weber's opera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apel's tale formed the subject of <a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Weber's</a> opera <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Freisch%C3%BCtz" title="Der Freischütz">Der Freischütz</a></i> (1821), the <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a> of which was written by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Kind" title="Johann Friedrich Kind">Johann Friedrich Kind</a>, who had suggested Apel's story as an excellent theme for the composer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In this version, an assistant forester, Max, fears failing a shooting trial which would allow him to marry the forester Kuno's daughter Agathe, and become the new forester. Kaspar, another assistant forester, who was rejected by Agathe, seeks revenge by convincing Max to join him in casting seven magic bullets – six of which will always hit, with the seventh guided by the devil. Max completes the trial, using all except one of his bullets, but when the sovereign prince, who is overseeing the trial, commands Max to shoot at a dove, the bullet instead hits Agathe. However, a wreath blessed by a hermit deflects the bullet, which kills Kaspar instead. The prince threatens to banish Max, until the hermit intercedes, and Max is granted a probationary year, after which he will be allowed to remain and marry Agathe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pitois'_Spectre_Fiancé"><span id="Pitois.27_Spectre_Fianc.C3.A9"></span>Pitois' <i>Spectre Fiancé</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freisch%C3%BCtz&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pitois' Spectre Fiancé"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"<span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Le Spectre Fiancé</span></span>" in <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Pitois" title="Jean-Baptiste Pitois">Jean-Baptiste Pitois</a>' <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Contes nocturnes</i></span> (1846), attributed to <a href="/wiki/E._T._A._Hoffmann" title="E. T. A. Hoffmann">E. T. A. Hoffmann</a>, begins with a translation of Apel's "<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Der Freischütz</span></span>",<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but continues the story after the death of Wilhelm's fiancée Catherine. Wilhelm marries another woman the following year, despite having sworn an oath to remain unmarried for the rest of his life. Driven by remorse, Wilhelm takes a solitary excursion through hills, dales, plains, and forests. As he rides, he hears the <a href="/wiki/Wild_huntsman" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild huntsman">wild huntsman</a>, his pack, and wild beasts chasing after him, and lightning strikes Wilhelm's horse. A mysterious voice commands Wilhelm to follow and leads him to a cavern, where Wilhelm sees many skeletons, one of which is that of Catherine. Catherine's skeleton waltzes with Wilhelm back to a forest clearing, and other skeletons join the dance until daybreak. The following morning Wilhelm is found dead with white rose leaves strewn around him, and his horse nearby being eaten by wolves.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Slovene_version">Slovene version</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freisch%C3%BCtz&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Slovene version"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Similar tales are also known from <a href="/wiki/Slavic_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic mythology">Slavic mythology</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the marksman, named Lampret, is sometimes called <span title="Slovene-language text"><i lang="sl">čarostřelec</i></span> (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">warlock marksman</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leo_Perutz">Leo Perutz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freisch%C3%BCtz&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Leo Perutz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Leo_Perutz" title="Leo Perutz">Leo Perutz</a>' debut novel <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Die dritte Kugel</i></span> (<span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">The Third Bullet</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) (1915) revolves around a variation of the Freischütz motif in which all of the supernatural bullets serve the devil's revenge: The German Duke Grumbach, who has been forced into Mexican exile during the <a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">European wars of religion</a>, is drawn into the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire</a> and, siding with <a href="/wiki/Moctezuma_II" title="Moctezuma II">Moctezuma II</a> against the cruel <a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a>, out of desparation makes a deal with the devil to win an <a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">Arquebus</a> in a game of dice from a Spanish soldier because the Aztec side is unable to compete with the Spanish firearms. However, the gun's former owner curses its remaining three bullets when facing execution for losing it: one is to hit Grumbach's king, one to hit his lover, and the last to hit Grumbach himself. The curse comes true when Grumbach uses the first bullet to shoot Moctezuman in order to enrage the Aztec to kill the Spanish in a mass uprising, and when his servant Melchior accidentally shoots Grumbach's lover Dalila with the second bullet during an attempt to assassinate Cortés' right hand man. The fate of the third bullet remains unclear: The first person narrator of the novel's <a href="/wiki/Frame_story" title="Frame story">Frame story</a> appears to be an old, mentally unwell Grumbach, still accompagnied by the now-mute Melchior, serving his former enemies back in Germany as a mercenary and apparently suffering from amnesia due to the traumatic events of which he can only grasp fleeting memories. During the novel's prelude, he comes across an old Spanish rider telling the story of Grumbach and his legendary three cursed bullets, and remembers his identity. At this moment, the novel shifts to its main body, the actual story of Grumbach as narrated by the Spanish rider until the point of Grumbach chasing Cortés to shoot him with the last bullet. At this moment the rider is apparently interrupted by Melchior, who kills him. The novel shifts back into its frame narrative, whose narrator has realized he is Grumbach, but his memory quickly fades and he sinks back into forgetfulness because Melchior has shot the rider with what is suggested to have been the third bullet before he was able to finish Grumbach's story, which would have fully restored Grumbach's memory. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freisch%C3%BCtz&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mould-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mould_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMould1849" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Wrey_Mould" title="Jacob Wrey Mould">Mould, J. Wrey</a>, ed. (1849). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ldpd_10827261_000/page/n28">"An Account of Weber's 'Der Freischütz'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Der Freischütz: (The Free-Shooter), a Lyric Folk-Drama</i>. The Standard Lyric Drama. Vol. 5. London: T. Boosey and Co. p. xxvii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=An+Account+of+Weber%27s+%27Der+Freisch%C3%BCtz%27&rft.btitle=Der+Freisch%C3%BCtz%3A+%28The+Free-Shooter%29%2C+a+Lyric+Folk-Drama&rft.place=London&rft.series=The+Standard+Lyric+Drama&rft.pages=xxvii&rft.pub=T.+Boosey+and+Co&rft.date=1849&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fldpd_10827261_000%2Fpage%2Fn28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreisch%C3%BCtz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kind_1843-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kind_1843_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKind1843" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Kind" title="Johann Friedrich Kind">Kind, Johann Friedrich</a> (1843). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ITw9AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA215">"V. Erläuterungen"</a>. <i>Der Freischütz: Volks-Oper in drei Aufzügen</i>. Leipzig: G. J. Göschen. p. 215.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=V.+Erl%C3%A4uterungen&rft.btitle=Der+Freisch%C3%BCtz%3A+Volks-Oper+in+drei+Aufz%C3%BCgen&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=G.+J.+G%C3%B6schen&rft.date=1843&rft.aulast=Kind&rft.aufirst=Johann+Friedrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DITw9AAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreisch%C3%BCtz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbateParker2015" class="citation book cs1">Abbate, Carolyn; Parker, Roger (2015) [2012]. "7. The German Problem". <i>A History of Opera: The Last Four Hundred Years</i>. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84-614791-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84-614791-3"><bdi>978-1-84-614791-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=7.+The+German+Problem&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Opera%3A+The+Last+Four+Hundred+Years&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-84-614791-3&rft.aulast=Abbate&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft.au=Parker%2C+Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreisch%C3%BCtz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gS4PAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA66">"Der Freischütz"</a>. <i>Legends of Terror!</i>. London: Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper. 1826. p. 66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Der+Freisch%C3%BCtz&rft.btitle=Legends+of+Terror%21&rft.place=London&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Sherwood%2C+Gilbert%2C+and+Piper&rft.date=1826&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgS4PAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreisch%C3%BCtz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchnitger1889" class="citation journal cs1">Schnitger, F. F. (1889). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bBE_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA142">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Free and Freemason'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Ars Quatuor Coronatorum</i>. <b>2</b>. Margate: 141–142.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ars+Quatuor+Coronatorum&rft.atitle=%27Free+and+Freemason%27&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=141-142&rft.date=1889&rft.aulast=Schnitger&rft.aufirst=F.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbBE_AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreisch%C3%BCtz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warrack_1976-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Warrack_1976_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Warrack_1976_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Warrack_1976_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarrack1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Warrack" title="John Warrack">Warrack, John</a> (1976) [1968]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/carlmariavonwebe0000warr/page/210">"Der Freischütz"</a>. <i>Carl Maria von Weber</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 210–211. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521213541" title="Special:BookSources/0521213541"><bdi>0521213541</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Der+Freisch%C3%BCtz&rft.btitle=Carl+Maria+von+Weber&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=210-211&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0521213541&rft.aulast=Warrack&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcarlmariavonwebe0000warr%2Fpage%2F210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreisch%C3%BCtz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson2011" class="citation book cs1">Henderson, Donald G. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oSfYlGt2kUUC&pg=PA48"><i>The Freischütz Phenomenon: Opera As Cultural Mirror</i></a>. Xlibris US. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4628-6790-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4628-6790-5"><bdi>978-1-4628-6790-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Freisch%C3%BCtz+Phenomenon%3A+Opera+As+Cultural+Mirror&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Xlibris+US&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4628-6790-5&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Donald+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoSfYlGt2kUUC%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreisch%C3%BCtz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Niecks-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Niecks_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Niecks_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiecks1876" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Niecks" title="Frederick Niecks">Niecks, Frederick</a> (1 November 1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sP9fQ-PvxUwC&pg=PA165">"Der Freischütz: Thoughts and reminiscences suggested by a performance of that opera at the Théâtre National de L'Opera, in Paris"</a>. <i>The Monthly Musical Record</i>: 165.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Monthly+Musical+Record&rft.atitle=Der+Freisch%C3%BCtz%3A+Thoughts+and+reminiscences+suggested+by+a+performance+of+that+opera+at+the+Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre+National+de+L%27Opera%2C+in+Paris&rft.pages=165&rft.date=1876-11-01&rft.aulast=Niecks&rft.aufirst=Frederick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsP9fQ-PvxUwC%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreisch%C3%BCtz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Krehbiel-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Krehbiel_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Krehbiel_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrehbiel1886" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Edward_Krehbiel" title="Henry Edward Krehbiel">Krehbiel, Henry Edward</a> (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i2j0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA10">"Tuesday, Thirteenth [October 1885]"</a>. <i>Review of the New York Musical Season 1885–1886</i>. New York & London: Novello, Ewer & Co. pp. 10–11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tuesday%2C+Thirteenth+%5BOctober+1885%5D&rft.btitle=Review+of+the+New+York+Musical+Season+1885%E2%80%931886&rft.place=New+York+%26+London&rft.pages=10-11&rft.pub=Novello%2C+Ewer+%26+Co.&rft.date=1886&rft.aulast=Krehbiel&rft.aufirst=Henry+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di2j0AAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreisch%C3%BCtz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvom_Graben_zum_Stein1731" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">vom Graben zum Stein, Otto (1731). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rcU5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA609"><i>Unterredungen Von dem Reiche der Geister</i></a> (in German). Leipzig: Samuel Benjamin Walthern. pp. 609–613.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unterredungen+Von+dem+Reiche+der+Geister&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pages=609-613&rft.pub=Samuel+Benjamin+Walthern&rft.date=1731&rft.aulast=vom+Graben+zum+Stein&rft.aufirst=Otto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrcU5AAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA609&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreisch%C3%BCtz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Popular Tales and Romances of the Northern Nations/Volume 3/The Fatal Marksman"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Popular_Tales_and_Romances_of_the_Northern_Nations/Volume_3/The_Fatal_Marksman">"The Fatal Marksman" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Popular_Tales_and_Romances_of_the_Northern_Nations" title="Popular Tales and Romances of the Northern Nations">Popular Tales and Romances of the Northern Nations</a></i>. Vol. 3. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_De_Quincey" title="Thomas De Quincey">De Quincey, Thomas</a>. London: W. Simpkin, R. Marshall, and J. H. Bohte. 1823. pp. 141–198 – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Fatal+Marksman&rft.btitle=Popular+Tales+and+Romances+of+the+Northern+Nations&rft.place=London&rft.pages=141-198&rft.pub=W.+Simpkin%2C+R.+Marshall%2C+and+J.+H.+Bohte&rft.date=1823&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreisch%C3%BCtz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBridgwater2004" class="citation book cs1">Bridgwater, Patrick (2004). <i>De Quincey's Gothic Masquerade</i>. p. 55. <q>The Fatal Marksman is not a Gothic tale as such, but a reworking of the folk legend that underlies Weber's opera.... Magic bullets, magic guns, and the idea that the Devil cannot be shot are well-known folklore motifs, but there is more ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Quincey%27s+Gothic+Masquerade&rft.pages=55&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Bridgwater&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreisch%C3%BCtz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDods1825" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Diana_Dods" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Diana Dods">Dods, Mary Diana</a>, ed. (1825). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/talesofwildwonde00borr/page/128">"Der Freischütz, or, the Magic Balls"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/talesofwildwonde00borr"><i>Tales of the Wild and the Wonderful</i></a>. London: Hurst, Robinson & Co. pp. 128–166.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Der+Freisch%C3%BCtz%2C+or%2C+the+Magic+Balls&rft.btitle=Tales+of+the+Wild+and+the+Wonderful&rft.place=London&rft.pages=128-166&rft.pub=Hurst%2C+Robinson+%26+Co.&rft.date=1825&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftalesofwildwonde00borr%2Fpage%2F128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreisch%C3%BCtz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/foreign-tales-and-traditions-vol2/page/365">"Der Freischutz"</a>. <i>Foreign Tales and Traditions</i>. Vol. 2. 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"Lampret, the Warlock Marksman". <i>The Slavonic and East European Review</i>. <b>13</b> (37): 20–26. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4202953">4202953</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Slavonic+and+East+European+Review&rft.atitle=Lampret%2C+the+Warlock+Marksman&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=37&rft.pages=20-26&rft.date=1934&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4202953%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Copeland&rft.aufirst=F.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreisch%C3%BCtz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŠmitek1998" class="citation journal cs1">Šmitek, Zmago (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sms.zrc-sazu.si/pdf/01/SMS_01_Smitek.pdf">"Kresnik: An Attempt at a Mythological Reconstruction"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Studia Mythologica Slavica I</i>: 108.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Mythologica+Slavica+I&rft.atitle=Kresnik%3A+An+Attempt+at+a+Mythological+Reconstruction&rft.pages=108&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=%C5%A0mitek&rft.aufirst=Zmago&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsms.zrc-sazu.si%2Fpdf%2F01%2FSMS_01_Smitek.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreisch%C3%BCtz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <hr /> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Freisch%C3%BCtz" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Freischütz">Freischütz</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 95–96.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Freisch%C3%BCtz&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=95-96&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreisch%C3%BCtz" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freisch%C3%BCtz&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Fatal_Marksman" class="extiw" title="wikisource:The Fatal Marksman">The Fatal Marksman</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sacred-texts.com/pag/mm/mm02a16a.htm"><i>Malleus Maleficarum</i>: Part 2, Chapter XVI</a> on "the Witchcraft of Archers", translated by <a href="/wiki/Montague_Summers" title="Montague Summers">Montague Summers</a> (1928)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDods1825" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Diana_Dods" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Diana Dods">Dods, Mary Diana</a>, ed. (1825). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/talesofwildwonde00borr/page/128">"Der Freischütz, or, the Magic Balls"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/talesofwildwonde00borr"><i>Tales of the Wild and the Wonderful</i></a>. London: Hurst, Robinson & Co. pp. 128–166.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Der+Freisch%C3%BCtz%2C+or%2C+the+Magic+Balls&rft.btitle=Tales+of+the+Wild+and+the+Wonderful&rft.place=London&rft.pages=128-166&rft.pub=Hurst%2C+Robinson+%26+Co.&rft.date=1825&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftalesofwildwonde00borr%2Fpage%2F128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFreisch%C3%BCtz" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="German_folklore" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:German_folklore" title="Template:German folklore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:German_folklore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:German folklore (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:German_folklore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:German folklore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="German_folklore" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/German_folklore" title="German folklore">German folklore</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Folklore of <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_where_German_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where German is an official language">German-speaking countries</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alberich" title="Alberich">Alberich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alp_(folklore)" title="Alp (folklore)">Alp (folklore)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Askafroa" title="Askafroa">Askafroa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aufhocker" title="Aufhocker">Aufhocker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahkauv" title="Bahkauv">Bahkauv</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Beerwolf" title="Beerwolf">Beerwolf</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belsnickel" title="Belsnickel">Belsnickel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bergm%C3%B6nch" title="Bergmönch">Bergmönch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bieresel" title="Bieresel">Bieresel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bogeyman" title="Bogeyman">Bogeyman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Buschgro%C3%9Fmutter" title="Buschgroßmutter">Buschgroßmutter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Changeling" title="Changeling">Changeling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christkind" title="Christkind">Christkind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_Saint_Nicholas" title="Companions of Saint Nicholas">Companions of Saint Nicholas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Doppelg%C3%A4nger" title="Doppelgänger">Doppelgänger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Drak_(mythology)" title="Drak (mythology)">Drak (mythology)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Drude" title="Drude">Drude</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_(folklore)" title="Dwarf (folklore)">Dwarf (folklore)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Easter_Bunny" title="Easter Bunny">Easter Bunny</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ekke_Nekkepenn" title="Ekke Nekkepenn">Ekke Nekkepenn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elwetritsch" title="Elwetritsch">Elwetritsch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erdhenne" title="Erdhenne">Erdhenne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erlking" title="Erlking">Erlking</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ewiger_J%C3%A4ger" title="Ewiger Jäger">Ewiger Jäger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A4nggen" title="Fänggen">Fänggen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fasolt" title="Fasolt">Fasolt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Feuermann_(ghost)" title="Feuermann (ghost)">Feuermann (ghost)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Feldgeister" title="Feldgeister">Feldgeister</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frau_Holle" title="Frau Holle">Frau Holle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCtel" title="Gütel">Gütel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heimchen" title="Heimchen">Heimchen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heinzelm%C3%A4nnchen" title="Heinzelmännchen">Heinzelmännchen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hemann" title="Hemann">Hemann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hinzelmann" title="Hinzelmann">Hinzelmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6dekin" title="Hödekin">Hödekin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irrwurz" title="Irrwurz">Irrwurz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_o%27_the_bowl" title="Jack o' the bowl">Jack o' the bowl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Klabautermann" title="Klabautermann">Klabautermann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Klagmuhme" title="Klagmuhme">Klagmuhme</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/King_Goldemar" title="King Goldemar">King Goldemar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/King_Laurin" title="King Laurin">King Laurin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Knecht_Ruprecht" title="Knecht Ruprecht">Knecht Ruprecht</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kobold" title="Kobold">Kobold</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Krampus" title="Krampus">Krampus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lindworm" title="Lindworm">Lindworm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lorelei" title="Lorelei">Lorelei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lutzelfrau" title="Lutzelfrau">Lutzelfrau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mare_(folklore)" title="Mare (folklore)">Mare (folklore)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mephistopheles" title="Mephistopheles">Mephistopheles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moss_people" title="Moss people">Moss people</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nachtkrapp" title="Nachtkrapp">Nachtkrapp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nachzehrer" title="Nachzehrer">Nachzehrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nis_Puk" title="Nis Puk">Nis Puk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nixie_(folklore)" title="Nixie (folklore)">Nixie (folklore)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ork_(folklore)" title="Ork (folklore)">Ork (folklore)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perchta" title="Perchta">Perchta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peterm%C3%A4nnchen" title="Petermännchen">Petermännchen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Poltergeist" title="Poltergeist">Poltergeist</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rasselbock" title="Rasselbock">Rasselbock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rhinemaidens" title="Rhinemaidens">Rhinemaidens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCbezahl" title="Rübezahl">Rübezahl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Schrat" title="Schrat">Schrat</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatzelwurm" title="Tatzelwurm">Tatzelwurm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrst" title="Türst">Türst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uhaml" title="Uhaml">Uhaml</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fe_Frauen" title="Weiße Frauen">Weiße Frauen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wiederg%C3%A4nger" title="Wiedergänger">Wiedergänger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wild_Hunt" title="Wild Hunt">Wild Hunt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wild_man" title="Wild man">Wild man</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Will-o%27-the-wisp" title="Will-o'-the-wisp">Will-o'-the-wisp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Witte_Wiwer" title="Witte Wiwer">Witte Wiwer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wolpertinger" title="Wolpertinger">Wolpertinger</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Gessler" title="Albrecht Gessler">Albrecht Gessler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_von_Winkelried" title="Arnold von Winkelried">Arnold von Winkelried</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Attila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Baron_Munchausen" title="Baron Munchausen">Baron Munchausen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brunhild" title="Brunhild">Brunhild</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christman_Genipperteinga" title="Christman Genipperteinga">Christman Genipperteinga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Bern" title="Dietrich von Bern">Dietrich von Bern</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eppelein_von_Gailingen" title="Eppelein von Gailingen">Eppelein von Gailingen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faust" title="Faust">Faust</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick Barbarossa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Friar_Rush" title="Friar Rush">Friar Rush</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genevieve_of_Brabant" title="Genevieve of Brabant">Genevieve of Brabant</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giselher_of_Burgundy" title="Giselher of Burgundy">Giselher of Burgundy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6tz_von_Berlichingen" title="Götz von Berlichingen">Götz von Berlichingen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gunther" title="Gunther">Gunther</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gudrun" title="Gudrun">Gudrun</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gundomar_I" title="Gundomar I">Gundomar I</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hagen_(legend)" title="Hagen (legend)">Hagen (legend)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hannikel" title="Hannikel">Hannikel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Sagan" title="Hans von Sagan">Hans von Sagan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Trotha" title="Hans von Trotha">Hans von Trotha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Winkelried" title="Heinrich von Winkelried">Heinrich von Winkelried</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hildebrand" title="Hildebrand">Hildebrand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Peter_Petri" title="Johann Peter Petri">Johann Peter Petri (Black Peter)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_St%C3%B6rtebeker" title="Klaus Störtebeker">Klaus Störtebeker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Swan" title="Knight of the Swan">Knight of the Swan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Baumgarten" title="Konrad Baumgarten">Konrad Baumgarten</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kunigunde_von_Orlam%C3%BCnde" title="Kunigunde von Orlamünde">Kunigunde von Orlamünde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lohengrin" title="Lohengrin">Lohengrin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Klostermayr" title="Matthias Klostermayr">Matthias Klostermayr</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nibelung" title="Nibelung">Nibelung</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ortnit" title="Ortnit">Ortnit</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Younger" title="Otto the Younger">Otto the Younger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Klaus" title="Peter Klaus">Peter Klaus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Nikoll" title="Peter Nikoll">Peter Nikoll (Black Peter)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pied_Piper_of_Hamelin" title="Pied Piper of Hamelin">Pied Piper of Hamelin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Ilse" title="Princess Ilse">Princess Ilse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punker_of_Rohrbach" title="Punker of Rohrbach">Punker of Rohrbach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCdiger_von_Bechelaren" title="Rüdiger von Bechelaren">Rüdiger von Bechelaren</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Schildb%C3%BCrger" title="Schildbürger">Schildbürger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Schinderhannes" title="Schinderhannes">Schinderhannes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sigurd" title="Sigurd">Sigurd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stauffacherin" title="Stauffacherin">Stauffacherin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tannh%C3%A4user" title="Tannhäuser">Tannhäuser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Smith_of_Kochel" title="The Smith of Kochel">The Smith of Kochel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Till_Eulenspiegel" title="Till Eulenspiegel">Till Eulenspiegel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Volker_von_Alzey" title="Volker von Alzey">Volker von Alzey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walram_of_Thierstein" title="Walram of Thierstein">Walram of Thierstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_of_Aquitaine" title="Walter of Aquitaine">Walter of Aquitaine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Werner_Stauffacher" title="Werner Stauffacher">Werner Stauffacher</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Tell" title="William Tell">William Tell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Witege" title="Witege">Witege</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wolfdietrich" title="Wolfdietrich">Wolfdietrich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Xaver_Hohenleiter" title="Xaver Hohenleiter">Xaver Hohenleiter</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legends and fairy tales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Grimms%27_Fairy_Tales" title="Grimms' Fairy Tales">Grimms' Fairy Tales</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Sagen" title="Deutsche Sagen">Deutsche Sagen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Volksm%C3%A4rchen_der_Deutschen" title="Volksmärchen der Deutschen">Volksmärchen der Deutschen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gespensterbuch" title="Gespensterbuch">Gespensterbuch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nibelungenlied" title="Nibelungenlied">Nibelungenlied</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Freischütz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hirschsprung_(Black_Forest)" title="Hirschsprung (Black Forest)">Hirschsprung (Black Forest)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Venusberg_(mythology)" title="Venusberg (mythology)">Venusberg (mythology)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vineta" title="Vineta">Vineta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walpurgis_Night" title="Walpurgis Night">Walpurgis Night</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_folklore" title="German folklore">German folklore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_folklore" title="Swiss folklore">Swiss folklore</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/137754647">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Freischütz&oldid=1253908169">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Freischütz&oldid=1253908169</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Germany" title="Category:Culture of Germany">Culture of Germany</a></li><li><a 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