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id="toc-Tehran_Sound-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_scenes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_scenes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Regional scenes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_scenes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Astara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 Astara </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mashhad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mashhad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.2 Mashhad </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mashhad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abadan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abadan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.3 Abadan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abadan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_role_of_Armenians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_role_of_Armenians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 The role of Armenians </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_role_of_Armenians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_the_1979_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_the_1979_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 After the 1979 Revolution </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-After_the_1979_Revolution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle After the 1979 Revolution subsection </button> <ul id="toc-After_the_1979_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kaveh_Yaghmaei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaveh_Yaghmaei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Kaveh Yaghmaei </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaveh_Yaghmaei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Alternative rock </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternative_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heavy_Metal_and_Hard_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heavy_Metal_and_Hard_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Heavy Metal and Hard rock </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heavy_Metal_and_Hard_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baramant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baramant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Baramant </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baramant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hypernova_and_the_globalization_of_Iranian_rock_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hypernova_and_the_globalization_of_Iranian_rock_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Hypernova and the globalization of Iranian rock music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hypernova_and_the_globalization_of_Iranian_rock_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kiosk_and_political_currents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kiosk_and_political_currents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Kiosk and political currents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kiosk_and_political_currents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mohsen_Namjoo_and_his_influences_on_rock_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mohsen_Namjoo_and_his_influences_on_rock_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Mohsen Namjoo and his influences on rock music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mohsen_Namjoo_and_his_influences_on_rock_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaveh_Afagh_and_Iranian_pop_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaveh_Afagh_and_Iranian_pop_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Kaveh Afagh and Iranian pop rock </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaveh_Afagh_and_Iranian_pop_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Iranian rock</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Rocka red</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Garage_rock" title="Garage rock">garage rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">pop rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock music</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">1960s, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Typical instruments</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vocals" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocals">Vocals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_guitars" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric guitars">electric guitars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_bass_guitar" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric bass guitar">electric bass guitar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_keyboards" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic keyboards">electronic keyboards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">drum kit</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Subgenres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_alternative_rock" title="Iranian alternative rock">Iranian alternative rock</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Regional scenes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Tehran</li><li>Abadan</li><li>Astara</li><li>Mashhad</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_jazz" title="Iranian jazz">Iranian jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_pop_music" title="Iranian pop music">Iranian pop music</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_rock" title="Azerbaijani rock">Azerbaijani rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_rock" title="Armenian rock">Armenian rock</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iran" title="Music of Iran">Music of Iran</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #0067A5; color:White;"> General topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dastgah" class="mw-redirect" title="Dastgah">Modal system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radif_(music)" title="Radif (music)">Melody type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_musical_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian musical instruments">Instruments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #0067A5; color:White;"> Genres</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_traditional_music" title="Persian traditional music">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_folk_music" title="Iranian folk music">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_pop_music" title="Iranian pop music">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_jazz" title="Iranian jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_hip_hop" title="Iranian hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_cappella" title="A cappella">A cappella</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #0067A5; color:White;"> Specific forms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Ethnic music</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_folk_music" title="Armenian folk music">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_folk/pop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian folk/pop music">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_folk_music" title="Azerbaijani folk music">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_music" title="Kurdish music">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luri_music" title="Luri music">Luri</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other forms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakshy" title="Bakshy">Bakhshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katuli" title="Katuli">Katuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_maqam" title="Persian maqam">Maqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_music_in_Iran" title="Religious music in Iran">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandari_music" title="Bandari music">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphonic_music_in_Iran" title="Symphonic music in Iran">Symphonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasnif" title="Tasnif">Tasnif</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #0067A5; color:White;"> Media and performance</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Music festivals</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fajr_International_Music_Festival" title="Fajr International Music Festival">Fajr Music Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Festival_of_Youth_Music" title="National Festival of Youth Music">Youth Music Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicema_Awards" title="Musicema Awards">Musicema Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Contemporary_Music_Festival" title="Tehran Contemporary Music Festival">Tehran Contemporary Music Festival</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Music media</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caltex_Records" title="Caltex Records">Caltex Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEM_TV" title="GEM TV">GEM TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Records" title="Hermes Records">Hermes Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PMC_(TV_channel)" title="PMC (TV channel)">PMC</a></li> <li>Radio Javan</li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #0067A5; color:White;"> Nationalistic and patriotic songs</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> National anthem</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li>Current: <a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" title="National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran">The Eastern Sun</a> (since 1990) Former: <a href="/wiki/Sal%C4%81m-e_Sh%C4%81h" class="mw-redirect" title="Salām-e Shāh">The Royal Salute</a> (1873–1909) <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Anthem_of_Iran" title="Imperial Anthem of Iran">The Imperial Anthem</a> (1933–1979) <a href="/wiki/Payandeh_Bada_Iran" title="Payandeh Bada Iran">Long Live Iran</a> (1980–1990)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ey_Iran" title="Ey Iran">Ey Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sal%C4%81m-e_Sh%C4%81h" class="mw-redirect" title="Salām-e Shāh">The Young Iran</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iranian_music" title="Template:Iranian music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iranian_music" title="Template talk:Iranian music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Iranian rock (also known as Rocka red<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>) refers to <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock music</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> artists. Rock music has been popular in Iran since 1960s, with the emergence of singers such as <a href="/wiki/Kourosh_Yaghmaei" title="Kourosh Yaghmaei">Kourosh Yaghmaei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farhad_Mehrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Farhad Mehrad">Farhad Mehrad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fereydoon_Forooghi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fereydoon Forooghi">Fereydoon Foroughi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Habib_(singer)" title="Habib (singer)">Habib Mohebian</a>, but was largely forgotten after the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a> Like most rock styles, electric guitar and bass guitar and drums are the main instruments in this type of music. In some groups, keyboard and piano are very important. Iranian rock music is influenced by <a href="/wiki/British_rock_music" title="British rock music">English rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_rock" title="American rock">American rock</a> and European styles.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Because of the Iranian performers of this music, various types of Iranian rhythms and tones in this genre are separated from other rock genres.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Iranian rock was banned after the Islamic revolution of 1979, and apart from a small number of artists, this style of music still has many problems in Iran. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Farhad_Mehrad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Farhad_Mehrad.jpg/220px-Farhad_Mehrad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Farhad_Mehrad.jpg/330px-Farhad_Mehrad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Farhad_Mehrad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Farhad_Mehrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Farhad Mehrad">Farhad</a> (1944–2002) was one of the pioneers of rock music in Iran.</figcaption></figure> Rock music was introduced in Iran by the 1960s, together with the arrival of other Western musical genres in the country's music industry.<a href="#cite_note-IRAN_xi._MUSIC-7">[7]</a> Iranian rock music was developed by the emergence of artists such as <a href="/wiki/Farhad_Mehrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Farhad Mehrad">Farhad Mehrad</a>,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kourosh_Yaghmaei" title="Kourosh Yaghmaei">Kourosh Yaghmaei</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a> Black Cats,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The Dangers<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> and Scorpio<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-12">[12]</a>(not to be confused with the German <a href="/wiki/Scorpions_(band)" title="Scorpions (band)">Scorpions</a>). It soon grew as a popular musical genre among the young generation, especially at the nightclubs of <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abadan" class="mw-redirect" title="Abadan">Abadan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Couchini_Restaurant">Couchini Restaurant</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Couchini Restaurant">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Cats_(Band)_-_1960%27s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Black_Cats_%28Band%29_-_1960%27s.jpg/283px-Black_Cats_%28Band%29_-_1960%27s.jpg" decoding="async" width="283" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Black_Cats_%28Band%29_-_1960%27s.jpg/425px-Black_Cats_%28Band%29_-_1960%27s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Black_Cats_%28Band%29_-_1960%27s.jpg/566px-Black_Cats_%28Band%29_-_1960%27s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption>Black Cats in 1969</figcaption></figure>The origin of many Iranian rock artists, including <a href="/wiki/Farhad_Mehrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Farhad Mehrad">Farhad</a> and the Black Cats, is Couchini Restaurant.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The restaurant was founded by <a href="/wiki/Vida_Ghahremani" title="Vida Ghahremani">Vida Ghahremani</a> in the early 1960s. Farhad Mehrad played the piano at this restaurant and was the lead singer of the Black Cats group. He also sings the songs of <a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a>. The Americans in that area had given Farhad the nickname "Ray Charles of Iran".<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ebi" title="Ebi">Ebi</a> also performed his first performance at Couchini Restaurant.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> After the Black Cats became famous, they no longer performed at the restaurant. That's why other groups like <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scorpio_(Iranian_band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scorpio (Iranian band) (page does not exist)">Scorpio</a> replaced them.<a href="#cite_note-:1-12">[12]</a> In general, Couchini Restaurant was the most important place to cultivate Iranian rock music. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">"Without Couchini Restaurant, rock music would never have grown in Iran, and we would never hear singers like <a href="/wiki/Ebi" title="Ebi">Ebi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Farhad_Mehrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Farhad Mehrad">Farhad</a>."<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Nabavi" title="Ebrahim Nabavi">Ebrahim Nabavi</a>, book Basement music Chapter One Page 89.</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kourosh_Yaghmaei">Kourosh Yaghmaei</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kourosh Yaghmaei">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Kourosh_Yaghmaei" title="Kourosh Yaghmaei">Kourosh Yaghmaei</a> began releasing his albums in 1971. He brought a lot of innovation to Iranian rock.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a> Using the keyboard as the rhythm of the song instead of the guitar is part of this innovation.<a href="#cite_note-auto-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Kourosh Yaghmaei released two albums before being banned, both of which are important works of Iranian rock.<a href="#cite_note-auto-18">[18]</a> His most important work is <a href="/wiki/Gol-e_Yakh" title="Gol-e Yakh">Gol-e Yakh</a>. Based on international standards, the flower of ice quickly penetrated beyond the borders of Iran, and thereafter various performances in other countries of the world continued to this day.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Nabavi" title="Ebrahim Nabavi">Ebrahim Nabavi</a> (author of the book Basement music): "Kourosh Yaghmaei has had a profound impact on <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">Psychedelic Rock</a> in Iran."<a href="#cite_note-:2-23">[23]</a> Kourosh Yaghmaei is known as the father of Iranian rock because of his deep influence on Iranian rock music.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> After the Islamic Revolution, Yaghmaei was banned from performing for seventeen years. During that time he worked for children and published books and cassettes. In 1987, he released his fourth solo instrumental album Diar which was recorded without bass, guitar and drums, as dictated by the Iranian government. In addition, Yaghmaei arranged folkloric pieces to be played by the Great National Orchestra.Between 2003 and 2006, Yaghmaei worked with his last studio album titled Malek Jamshid.[17][18] After 12 years of trying to obtain the required permit from the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, the authority denied to release this album in Iran. Latter in 2016, since two years of restriction not to use types of equipment such as acoustic system, sound engineering, professional microphones, amplifiers, Roland keyboard, electric guitar, 8 track recorder and other necessary equipment[17][9] the album was released by Now-Again in United States and the album was banned by the Iranian government.[8][17] He released debut compilation <a href="/wiki/Back_from_the_Brink:_Pre-Revolution_Psychedelic_Rock_from_Iran:_1973%E2%80%931979" title="Back from the Brink: Pre-Revolution Psychedelic Rock from Iran: 1973–1979">Back from the Brink</a>: Pre-Revolution Psychedelic Rock from Iran: 1973–1979 in 2011.[19][20] A two-disc celebration of Yaghmaei's most well-known numbers, recorded between 1973 and 1979, before the Islamic Revolution.[21] In 2018 <a href="/wiki/Nas" title="Nas">Nas</a> sampled an Old Persian Song called " <a href="/wiki/Gol-e_Yakh" title="Gol-e Yakh">Gole Yakh</a> " by @kourosh.yaghmaei for Adam and Eve <a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Habib_Mohebian_and_Fereydoon_Foroughi,_pioneers_of_blues_rock">Habib Mohebian and Fereydoon Foroughi, pioneers of blues rock</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Habib Mohebian and Fereydoon Foroughi, pioneers of blues rock">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Habib-javani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Habib-javani.jpg/195px-Habib-javani.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Habib-javani.jpg/293px-Habib-javani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Habib-javani.jpg/391px-Habib-javani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="965" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Habib_(singer)" title="Habib (singer)">Habib</a> in 1977</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Fereydoon_Forooghi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fereydoon Forooghi">Fereydoon Foroughi</a> began his work a year after Farhad Mehrad. His debut album <a href="/wiki/Zendoone_Del" title="Zendoone Del">Zendoone Del</a> was one of the first albums of Iranian blues rock.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Fereidun Foroughi's scratchy voice greatly contributed to his reputation.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> His most famous song is "yar dabestani man" sweetheart.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Fereydoun Foroughi's work ended with this album. The bad sales of this album made it impossible to release another album. With the Iranian Revolution happening, the voice of Fereydoun Foroughi was never heard again.<a href="#cite_note-:2-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Although Fereydoon Foroughi's work was not long, his influence on rock music is significant. In 1977, <a href="/wiki/Habib_(singer)" title="Habib (singer)">Habib Mohebian</a> began preparing his first album. Four months ago Habib's mother released the album. Habib sang a song called "Mother" because of her mother's death that was used in the album.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Habib Mohebian has two other self-titled songs, "Lonely Night Man" and "My Shahla", both of which are on his first album. Until the Iranian Revolution, Habib only <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Marde_Tanhaye_Shab.ogg" title="File:Marde Tanhaye Shab.ogg">Habib – "Lonely Night Man"</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="217" data-mwtitle="Marde_Tanhaye_Shab.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Marde_Tanhaye_Shab.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2c/Marde_Tanhaye_Shab.ogg/Marde_Tanhaye_Shab.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lonely_Night_Man_(Habib_song)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lonely Night Man (Habib song) (page does not exist)">Lonely Night Man</a>, Habib's most famous work</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> had the opportunity to release another album called Hello Neighbor. After the revolution, Habib stayed in Iran until 1983 and then moved to <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> His most notable work during this period was "Swamp Crabs", an important work in <a href="/wiki/Blues_rock" title="Blues rock">blues rock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Habib returned to Iran in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Habib did little work until the end of his life and died in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tehran_Sound">Tehran Sound</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tehran Sound">edit</a>]</div> The number of rock bands gradually increased, each performing in cafes and restaurants. Some of these bands, such as The Raptures, The Robles, The Dangers, and Golden Ring, have released albums. Most of the works published by these groups did not succeed.<a href="#cite_note-:2-23">[23]</a> In time, these rock bands were renamed Tehran Sound. All bands in Tehran Sound released their songs with the Apollo label.<a href="#cite_note-:2-23">[23]</a> But most of them did not succeed. Kamran Yaghmaei, brother of Kourosh Yaghmaei, formed a band that played the songs of Kourosh. <a href="/wiki/Andy_(singer)" title="Andy (singer)">Andy</a> started playing music with the band, he played in the Bass Guitar.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Tehran Sound had almost disappeared by the dissolution of key groups such as the Golden Ring by 1977. One of the last artists to call themselves a member of Tehran Sound was <a href="/wiki/Faramarz_Aslani" title="Faramarz Aslani">Faramarz Aslani</a>, who blended <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">flamenco</a> with rock.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Tehran Sound ended with the start of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_scenes">Regional scenes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Regional scenes">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Astara">Astara</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Astara">edit</a>]</div> In 1969 and 1970 Golden Ring first introduced rock garage into Iranian rock music.<a href="#cite_note-:2-23">[23]</a> As a result, large groups of enthusiasts of this genre were formed throughout Iran.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> The most important <a href="/wiki/Astara,_Iran" title="Astara, Iran">Astara</a> <a href="/wiki/Band_(rock_and_pop)" title="Band (rock and pop)">rock band</a> was Cheshm Azar Group, founded by <a href="/wiki/Naser_Cheshmazar" title="Naser Cheshmazar">Nasser Cheshm Azar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The song "God of the heavens" is the band's most popular song, which many have covered.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Other highlights of Astara are the miracles. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mashhad">Mashhad</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mashhad">edit</a>]</div> The Sinners and Pepe Flovy were active rock bands in Mashhad.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In 1966, The Sinners performed "<a href="/wiki/(I_Can%27t_Get_No)_Satisfaction" title="(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction">(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction</a>" at the hall of Mohammad Reza Shah.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-54">[54]</a> Andranik Asaturian formed <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Super_Five&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Super Five (page does not exist)">the Super Five</a> band in 1969. This band was one of the first examples of <a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">jazz fusion</a> in Iran.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> the Super Five lasted only a year. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Abadan">Abadan</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Abadan">edit</a>]</div> The Herbs group was formed in Abadan. Some members of this group later joined the Scorpio group.<a href="#cite_note-:5-54">[54]</a> Son Soul Brothers was a group that <a href="/wiki/Martik_Kanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Martik Kanian">Martik Kanian</a> and Mehdi Khashe founded.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Martik and Mehdi Khashe were both from Abadan, playing guitar for Mehdi Rahmati's orchestra.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> In 1971, Martik and Mehdi Khasheh were separated from the Mehdi Rahmati Orchestra. Martik and Mehdi Khashe, along with Firouz Sarkarde, Behrouz Lari, Mohammad Moradi and Hossein Hosseini formed the Son Soul Brothers band. The group was originally covering foreign works such as <a href="/wiki/Pastime_Paradise" title="Pastime Paradise">Pastime Paradise</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> The band have been making their own songs since 1972, with the most successful being "Cheshmaye To" in 1975. "Cheshmaye To" was listed in the number 90 list of my network and you as "Top 100 Persian Songs".<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-64">[64]</a> Son Soul Brothers was the first Iranian band to perform a disco song.<a href="#cite_note-:6-64">[64]</a> The group was dissolved in 1977.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vigen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Vigen.jpg/220px-Vigen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Vigen.jpg/330px-Vigen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Vigen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Viguen" title="Viguen">Viguen</a>, known as Sultan of Jazz,<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> was a role model for many Armenian singers.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_role_of_Armenians">The role of Armenians</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The role of Armenians">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_rock" title="Armenian rock">Armenian rock</a></div> The Armenians were very capable musicians. <a href="/wiki/Viguen" title="Viguen">Viguen</a> was a pioneer in the integration of pop music with Persian poetry.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Artoush and his band The Wonders also pioneered the creation of symphony rock in Iran.<a href="#cite_note-:3-68">[68]</a> But Artosh's work was not well known, and Artosh remained anonymous until his death in 2018. <a href="/wiki/Varoujan_Hakhbandian" title="Varoujan Hakhbandian">Varoujan</a>, a great Armenian musician, had arranged many popular Iranian songs.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> He died of cardiac arrest very early in his forties.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Like many other Armenian singers, Georges Hvansian tried to imitate Viguen.<a href="#cite_note-:2-23">[23]</a> He became famous for reading Greek works. The Poppy band was one of the first Armenian rock bands. Some of the songs in this band are outstanding.<a href="#cite_note-:3-68">[68]</a> Armenian works are very important and influential in Iranian rock music. And still these works have maintained their fame.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_the_1979_Revolution">After the 1979 Revolution</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: After the 1979 Revolution">edit</a>]</div> Rock music started after the revolution and before the presence of internet activities in the era of <a href="/wiki/President_Rafsanjani" class="mw-redirect" title="President Rafsanjani">President Rafsanjani</a> with the performance of Kaveh Yaghmaei and Babak Amini in Tehran. Kaveh Yaghmai performed rock music and sold tickets for the first time in Tehran, which met with a great reception from the people became. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaveh_Yaghmaei_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Kaveh_Yaghmaei_4.jpg/220px-Kaveh_Yaghmaei_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Kaveh_Yaghmaei_4.jpg/330px-Kaveh_Yaghmaei_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Kaveh_Yaghmaei_4.jpg/440px-Kaveh_Yaghmaei_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Kaveh Yaghmaei 2019 Tehran</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kaveh_Yaghmaei">Kaveh Yaghmaei</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Kaveh Yaghmaei">edit</a>]</div> Kaveh is one of the most prominent Iranian musicians and composers since the Islamic Republic Revolution of 1979. He is also the son of an Iranian famous musician, Kourosh Yaghmaei, the godfather of psychedelic rock music. Kaveh Yaghmaei's father "<a href="/wiki/Kourosh_Yaghmaei" title="Kourosh Yaghmaei">Kourosh Yaghmaei</a>" is one of the superstars before the 1979 revolution, who is the founder of the combination of western and local Iranian music, especially the rock music of 1960 in Iran. Korosh Yaghmaei is an artist whose works have been remixed by artists such as Kanye West and <a href="/wiki/Nas" title="Nas">Nas</a> and many other international artists after half a century, and many of his works have been translated into other languages such as French, German, Armenian, Turkish, Arabic and especially English is sung and performed. Kaveh is the first musician after the 1979 revolution who effectively resurrected Iranian rock music. Kaveh received his Bachelor of Art in Classical Guitar from <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Azad_University" title="Islamic Azad University">Azad University</a> of Tehran. He started playing guitar when he was 8 years old and begins attending <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran_Conservatory_of_Music_Boys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tehran Conservatory of Music Boys (page does not exist)">Tehran Conservatory</a> of Music, Iran’s most prestigious music school before 1979 revolution, at a very young age. The first instrument he learned was piano and later flute. After the 1979 revolution, the music schools were temporarily closed in Iran and Kaveh pursued his music education with his father who was also one of Iran’s most prominent musicians of all time. At this stage, Kaveh began to learn progressive rock, a style of music that was not taught anywhere in the country at the time. Some of the many influences of his musical development include Baroque and classical music, as well as such classic rock bands such as <a href="/wiki/Deep_Purple" title="Deep Purple">Deep Purple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rush_(band)" title="Rush (band)">Rush</a>, Supermax, <a href="/wiki/Jethro_Tull_(band)" title="Jethro Tull (band)">Jethro Tull</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Beck" title="Jeff Beck">Jeff Beck</a>, <a href="/wiki/AC/DC" title="AC/DC">AC/DC</a>, Camel, <a href="/wiki/The_Ventures" title="The Ventures">The Ventures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dire_Straits" title="Dire Straits">Dire Straits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Parsons" title="Alan Parsons">Alan Parson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_rock">Alternative rock</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Alternative rock">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Alternative_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Alternative rock">Iranian Alternative rock</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdi_behravanfar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Abdi_behravanfar.jpg/220px-Abdi_behravanfar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Abdi_behravanfar.jpg/330px-Abdi_behravanfar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Abdi_behravanfar.jpg/440px-Abdi_behravanfar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abdi_Behravanfar" title="Abdi Behravanfar">Abdi behravanfar</a> had a profound impact on Iranian alternative music<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">folk rock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">Alternative rock</a> in Iran has a tumultuous history.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Following, <a href="/wiki/Abdi_Behravanfar" title="Abdi Behravanfar">Abdi Behravanfar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/O-Hum" title="O-Hum">O-Hum</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kian_Pourtorab" title="Kian Pourtorab">Comment Band</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> groups began to make alternative works. Alternative bands, like other rock genres, operate underground in Iran.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Alternative rock bands with roots and blues, psychedelic, and <a href="/wiki/Garage_rock" title="Garage rock">garage rock</a> influences created a thick and powerful sound making use of highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, high beats, and overall loudness.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The lyrical themes of these groups are mostly related to the consequences of the mechanization of life,<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> life and death,<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> and protest against capitalist governments.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The heavy rhythms and defiant lyrics made this style popular in Iran.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> B-band is one of the most influential bands of this genre and is considered a pioneer of Iranian alternative rock.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The music of bands like B-band incorporates traditional Iranian melodies as well as elements of jazz music. Their lyrics tend to speak of their own cultural and personal experiences, and reflect on the loneliness, hope and despair of the world at large.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heavy_Metal_and_Hard_rock">Heavy Metal and Hard rock</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Heavy Metal and Hard rock">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Farshid_Arabi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Farshid_Arabi.jpg/220px-Farshid_Arabi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Farshid_Arabi.jpg/330px-Farshid_Arabi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Farshid_Arabi.jpg/440px-Farshid_Arabi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1875" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farshid_Arabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farshid Arabi (page does not exist)">Farshid Arabi</a>, Iranian Heavy Metal singer.</figcaption></figure> The inspiration for many of Iran's hard rock songs of the 1970s was bands like <a href="/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica">Metallica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cream_(band)" title="Cream (band)">Cream</a>,<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> and above all <a href="/wiki/The_Jimi_Hendrix_Experience" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jimi Hendrix Experience">The Jimi Hendrix Experience</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> With the victory of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a>, heavy metal and hard rock in Iran disappeared for a while. After the 1979 Revolution, Iran engaged in an <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">eight-year war</a> with Iraq. It was at this time that some Iranian youths, led by Farshid Arabi, were playing unauthorized heavy metal.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Over time, Farshid Arabi formed a group called Silent Death and continued to operate underground.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The most important source of inspiration for Farshid Arabi and his band was <a href="/wiki/Black_Sabbath" title="Black Sabbath">Black Sabbath</a>, which later became the source of inspiration for many Iranian metal bands.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> By the beginning of the 1990s, heavy metal has grown in Iran and gained many fans and supporters. During this period, the works of the <a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">Grunge</a> bands were sold underground in Iran, the works of <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a> group being the most popular and best-selling.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Many bands formed during this period in Iran such as Baramant,<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Kahtmayan, <a href="/wiki/Angband_(band)" title="Angband (band)">Angband</a>, Mordab,<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arsames_(band)" title="Arsames (band)">Arsames</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> and Master of Persia.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Heavy metal and hard rock music are illegal like many other rock styles in Iran.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> but in recent years some bands like Gereh received permission to play concerts in Tehran.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baramant">Baramant</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Baramant">edit</a>]</div> "Baramant" is an Iranian Metal band formed by Hamed Babaei and Amir Khoshharf in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Hamed Babaei explains that Baramant's concept has evolved through different periods, reflecting religious, intellectual, and emotional meanings. The band blends rock with oriental musical influences, emphasizing instrumental tracks centered around themes of death. Their performances include shows at the University of Tehran, the Tehran Independent Theater, and the Paliz Theater.<a href="#cite_note-یک_غلط‌خوانی_تعمدی_از_بارِ_امانت-102">[102]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baramant_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Baramant_2017.jpg/220px-Baramant_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Baramant_2017.jpg/330px-Baramant_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Baramant_2017.jpg/440px-Baramant_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>line up in 2017. Susan Soflaei, Hamed Babaei, Domim Sedaghat, and Amir Khoshharf (left to right) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baramant.com">Baramant's</a> </figcaption></figure> Baramant was invited to a meeting held at Hanooz Publication to discuss rock music and the challenges and issues facing the genre in Iran.<a href="#cite_note-یک_غلط‌خوانی_تعمدی_از_بارِ_امانت-102">[102]</a> Studio Kargah was the designer of Baramant's first album, which was so successful that its cover art is now stored in the Museum of Design in Zurich.<a href="#cite_note-:4-103">[103]</a> In 2017, Baramant released their first track, "Stillness," featuring cover art inspired by the artist <a href="/wiki/Siyah_Qalam" title="Siyah Qalam">Siah Qalam</a> the cover art.<a href="#cite_note-:7-104">[104]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baramant_Homarg_Poster.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Baramant_Homarg_Poster.gif/220px-Baramant_Homarg_Poster.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Baramant_Homarg_Poster.gif/330px-Baramant_Homarg_Poster.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Baramant_Homarg_Poster.gif/440px-Baramant_Homarg_Poster.gif 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Baramant's first album cover art stored in the museum of design Zurich <a href="#cite_note-:4-103">[103]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stillnessness.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Stillnessness.jpg/220px-Stillnessness.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Stillnessness.jpg/330px-Stillnessness.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Stillnessness.jpg/440px-Stillnessness.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="3543" /></a><figcaption>Baramant cover art for the track of "Stillness".<a href="#cite_note-:7-104">[104]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OKFT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/OKFT.jpg/220px-OKFT.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/OKFT.jpg/330px-OKFT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/OKFT.jpg/440px-OKFT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Baramant Live at Austrian Culture Forum house, 2017.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angband_(band)_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Angband_%28band%29_2011.jpg/220px-Angband_%28band%29_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Angband_%28band%29_2011.jpg/330px-Angband_%28band%29_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Angband_%28band%29_2011.jpg/440px-Angband_%28band%29_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Angband_(band)" title="Angband (band)">Angband</a>, Power Metal band from Tehran</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hypernova_and_the_globalization_of_Iranian_rock_music">Hypernova and the globalization of Iranian rock music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Hypernova and the globalization of Iranian rock music">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hypernova_band_members.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Hypernova_band_members.jpg/220px-Hypernova_band_members.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Hypernova_band_members.jpg/330px-Hypernova_band_members.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Hypernova_band_members.jpg/440px-Hypernova_band_members.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="505" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hypernova_(band)" title="Hypernova (band)">Hypernova</a> From left to right: Jam, Kami, <a href="/wiki/Kodi_Najm" title="Kodi Najm">Kodi Najm</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_Raam" title="King Raam">King Raam</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Hypernova_(band)" title="Hypernova (band)">Hypernova</a> was formed in 2006 by <a href="/wiki/King_Raam" title="King Raam">King Raam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> This band can be called the flagship of Iranian rock, not only because it is Iranian but also accepted by some of the most famous rock bands in America.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Hypernova was the first Iranian rock band to make an album with an American music company.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> King Raam and <a href="/wiki/Kodi_Najm" title="Kodi Najm">Kodi Najm</a> are both successful singers who began their work with the band.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> King Raam's father, Kavous Seyed-Emami, died in 2018 suspiciously, and King Raam left Iran permanently.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KioskSF.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/KioskSF.JPG/220px-KioskSF.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/KioskSF.JPG/330px-KioskSF.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/KioskSF.JPG/440px-KioskSF.JPG 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kiosk_(band)" title="Kiosk (band)">Kiosk</a> Band Running</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kiosk_and_political_currents">Kiosk and political currents</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Kiosk and political currents">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiosk_(band).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Kiosk_%28band%29.jpg/220px-Kiosk_%28band%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Kiosk_%28band%29.jpg/330px-Kiosk_%28band%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Kiosk_%28band%29.jpg/440px-Kiosk_%28band%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Kiosk has become the largest Iranian rock band during the following years.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The band strives to present critical and social songs in a different music format, with blues and jazz music being played.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Arash Sobhani is among thirty Iranians who have welcomed US President Donald Trump's tough stance against the Iranian government. The publication of the letter sparked a wave of criticism against the writers of the letter, and some condemned it as "traitor" or "homeland salesman." After the release of Ardalan Payvar broke his way from Arash Sobhani.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The name of the band, <a href="/wiki/Kiosk" title="Kiosk">Kiosk</a>, stems from the original formation of the group in Tehran, when its members gathered together in any possible makeshift space or “Kiosk” to play their music without fear of arrest.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mohsen_Namjoo_and_his_influences_on_rock_music">Mohsen Namjoo and his influences on rock music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Mohsen Namjoo and his influences on rock music">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlanta-_Mohsen_Namjoo_-_JAZZNOT.com_(063_of_124)_(5892691573).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Atlanta-_Mohsen_Namjoo_-_JAZZNOT.com_%28063_of_124%29_%285892691573%29.jpg/220px-Atlanta-_Mohsen_Namjoo_-_JAZZNOT.com_%28063_of_124%29_%285892691573%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Atlanta-_Mohsen_Namjoo_-_JAZZNOT.com_%28063_of_124%29_%285892691573%29.jpg/330px-Atlanta-_Mohsen_Namjoo_-_JAZZNOT.com_%28063_of_124%29_%285892691573%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Atlanta-_Mohsen_Namjoo_-_JAZZNOT.com_%28063_of_124%29_%285892691573%29.jpg/440px-Atlanta-_Mohsen_Namjoo_-_JAZZNOT.com_%28063_of_124%29_%285892691573%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Namjoo" title="Mohsen Namjoo">Mohsen Namjoo</a> Running</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82.JPG/294px-%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82.JPG" decoding="async" width="294" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82.JPG/441px-%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82.JPG/588px-%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%BB%D5%B8%D6%82.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Namjoo in concert in <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Namjoo" title="Mohsen Namjoo">Mohsen Namjoo</a> has introduced a lot of innovations in this style since 1993 when he entered Iranian rock music.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Although she speaks boldly, she is very popular.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> An Iranian correspondent for The New York Times in Iran wrote that "some call him a sort of <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> of Iran".<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> In fall 2014, Namjoo taught “Revolution and Poets: Content and Form in Iranian Poetry.” Organized by Middle East Studies, Brown, he took part in a panel discussion on Protest Music/ Music Performance and Social Change on Thursday, November 13, as well as taking the lead on assembling a couple of Iranian bands, banned from playing in their own country, who came together for the first time in an Iranian Music Festival titled “Iran Underground” on November 15 at RISD Auditorium. The event was part of Brown's 250th Anniversary events.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Mohsen Namjoo's particular style has not been able to be critically criticized because of his lack of familiarity with the basics of music. On one or two occasions, Mohsen Namjoo's supporters were criticized inside Iran, and the hearings were forced to be canceled, and Mohsen Namjoo himself was silent.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> By reading verses from the Qur'an (<a href="/wiki/Ash-Shams" title="Ash-Shams">suras al-Shams</a>), Namjoo made allergies to himself. Some websites reported Namjoo's conviction by the Tehran General Court to five years in prison for insulting the sacred, mockery of the Qur'anic verses (Shams' song) and defaming the Muslim Bible. In an interview with the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, he did not rule out a reporter's possibility of linking the conviction to his recent work, including a desert clip (which he presented to protesters during the <a href="/wiki/2009_Iranian_presidential_election" title="2009 Iranian presidential election">2009 presidential election</a>).<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kaveh_Afagh_and_Iranian_pop_rock">Kaveh Afagh and Iranian pop rock</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Kaveh Afagh and Iranian pop rock">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaveh_Afagh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Kaveh_Afagh.jpg/220px-Kaveh_Afagh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Kaveh_Afagh.jpg/330px-Kaveh_Afagh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Kaveh_Afagh.jpg/440px-Kaveh_Afagh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5906" data-file-height="8859" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Kaveh_Afagh" title="Kaveh Afagh">Kaveh Afagh</a> was part of The Ways band but left in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Afagh is the first rock singer in post-Islamic Revolution Iran to obtain an activity license, which he obtained after being banned for ten years from performing.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> He remains one of the country's most prominent rock singers.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Aside from his music, Afagh has also exhibited his artwork in several art galleries.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> He has performed many concerts abroad and in Iran.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Kaveh Afagh song collection "Tehran-57" has been released as the first Persian rock song collection in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Kaveh performed a selection of his songs for the first time on the Milad Tower Stage for the first time at the Resistance 92 Festival and eventually received the festival's first prize in live performance.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Iran" title="Music of Iran">Music of Iran</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style 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Retrieved 2019-08-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%BE%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%E2%80%8C&rft.atitle=%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87+%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B4%D8%AA&rft.date=2012-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topnaz.com%2F%25d8%25b7%25d9%2588%25d9%2581%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586-%25d8%25ae%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586%25d9%2586%25d8%25af%25d9%2587-%25d8%25a7%25db%258c%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586%25db%258c-%25d8%25af%25d8%25b1-%25da%25af%25d8%25b0%25d8%25b4%25d8%25aa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://media.hamyaari.ca/wp-content/cache/page_enhanced/media.hamyaari.ca/2017/11/28/%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b3%db%8c%d9%82%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%da%a9-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a8%d9%87-%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d8%b3%da%a9%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88/_index.html_gzip">"Rock Music in Iran by Scorpio"</a>. media.hamyaari.ca. 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Retrieved 2019-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kaleme.com&rft.atitle=%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87+%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4+%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%9B+25+%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84+%D9%85%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%85+%C2%AB+%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA+%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C+%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kaleme.com%2F1392%2F08%2F11%2Fklm-163498%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pitchfork.com/news/nas-releases-new-kanye-produced-album-nasir-listen/">"Nas Releases New Kanye-Produced Album Nasir: Listen"</a>. 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The-Dream) – Adam and Eve"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nas+%28Ft.+The-Dream%29+%E2%80%93+Adam+and+Eve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgenius.com%2FNas-adam-and-eve-lyrics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/809901/تصاویر-فریدون-فروغی-خواننده-ای-که-۱۷-سال-پیش-دق-کرد-و-مرد">"تصاویر | فریدون فروغی؛ خواننده‌ای که ۱۷ سال پیش دِق کرد و مُرد!"</a>. خبرآنلاین (in Persian). 2018-10-05. Retrieved 2019-08-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86&rft.atitle=%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1+%7C+%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%9B+%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C+%DA%A9%D9%87+%DB%B1%DB%B7+%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84+%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4+%D8%AF%D9%90%D9%82+%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF+%D9%88+%D9%85%D9%8F%D8%B1%D8%AF%21&rft.date=2018-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khabaronline.ir%2Fnews%2F809901%2F%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%DB%B1%DB%B7-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4-%D8%AF%D9%82-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D9%88-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://setare.com/fa/news/27712/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81-%D8%B3%D8%A8%DA%A9-%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9-%D9%88-%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C">"Fereydoon Foroughi and his influence on our music"</a>. setare.com. Retrieved 2019-08-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=setare.com&rft.atitle=Fereydoon+Foroughi+and+his+influence+on+our+music.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsetare.com%2Ffa%2Fnews%2F27712%2F%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2581%25DB%258C-%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2586-%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25BA%25DB%258C-%25D8%25AE%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D9%2587-%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%2581-%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A8%25DA%25A9-%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25DA%25A9-%25D9%2588-%25D9%25BE%25D8%25A7%25D9%25BE-%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isna.ir/news/96111609362/یار-دبستانی-من-را-من-خوانده-ام">""یار دبستانی من" را من خوانده‌ام"</a>. ایسنا (in Persian). 2018-02-05. 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Retrieved 2019-08-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7&rft.atitle=%22%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C+%D9%85%D9%86%22+%DA%86%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1+%D8%A8%D9%87+%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C+%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C+%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84+%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%9F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilna.ir%2F%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF-%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D8%25B1-6%2F675277-%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C-%25D9%2585%25D9%2586-%25DA%2586%25D8%25B7%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25A8%25D9%2587-%25D9%2586%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C-%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AF%25D9%2584-%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parstourism.ir/%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%87-%d9%81%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%af%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ba%db%8c/">"به بهانه انتشار مجدد مستند "قريه من"، مستندی درباره فریدون فروغی"</a>. پارس توریسم (in Persian). Retrieved 2019-08-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3+%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85&rft.atitle=%D8%A8%D9%87+%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%AF+%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF+%22%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87+%D9%85%D9%86%22%D8%8C+%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C+%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87+%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86+%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%DB%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parstourism.ir%2F%25d9%2585%25d8%25b3%25d8%25aa%25d9%2586%25d8%25af%25db%258c-%25d8%25af%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a8%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b1%25d9%2587-%25d9%2581%25d8%25b1%25db%258c%25d8%25af%25d9%2588%25d9%2586-%25d9%2581%25d8%25b1%25d9%2588%25d8%25ba%25db%258c%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/persian/arts/2014/10/141015_aparat_41_14">"'قریه من' در آپارات"</a>. 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Retrieved 2019-08-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Musicema.com&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87+%22%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87+%D9%85%D9%86%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmusicema.com%2Fnode%2F151103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/4082793/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87-%D9%85%D9%86">"Fereydoon Foroughi A man from my village"</a>. www.yjc.ir. 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Retrieved 2019-08-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88&rft.atitle=%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C+%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%88+%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C+%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%DB%8C+%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87+%D8%A8%D8%A7+%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3+%D9%87%D8%A7+%D9%88+%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1+%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85&rft.date=2019-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.starbino.com%2F41011%2F%25d8%25a8%25db%258c%25d9%2588%25da%25af%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d9%2581%25db%258c-%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b1%25d9%2588%25da%2598%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190807105317/https://khabarland.com/news/123931/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C-%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25DA%2598%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25DA%2598%25DB%258C-%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D9%2582%25DB%258C-%25D9%25BE%25D8%25A7%25D9%25BE">"مرور شاهکارهای "واروژان"، نوستالژی موسیقی پاپ"</a>. جستجوگر خبر فارسی (in Persian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://khabarland.com/news/123931/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%98%DB%8C-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE">the original</a> on 2019-08-07. 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Retrieved 2019-08-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88&rft.atitle=%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C+%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%DA%A9%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%9F&rft.date=2016-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frooziato.com%2F139514531%2F%25d9%2585%25d9%2588%25d8%25b3%25db%258c%25d9%2582%25db%258c-%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25da%25a9-%25d8%25a7%25db%258c%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586-%25da%25a9%25d8%25ac%25d8%25a7%25db%258c-%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d9%2587-%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b3%25d8%25aa%25d8%259f%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/476554/%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86">"""شهرام شعرباف" درخواست لغو مجوز فعالیت رسمی خود را به دفتر موسیقی ارشاد ارائه کرد""</a>. www.tabnak.ir. 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[شهروند درجه هفت روی خط داغ] (in Persian). 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Retrieved 2019-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=BBCPersian.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fpersian%2Farts%2Fstory%2F2007%2F09%2F070911_an-namjoo.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFhatef2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">hatef (2013-07-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080055/http://www.musicepars.com/%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%87-%d8%a2%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%85%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%85%d8%8c-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2-%d9%87%d9%85-%d9%85%db%8c-%da%af%db%8c%d8%b1/">"کاوه آفاق : ایران می مانم، مجوز هم می گیرم، کنسرت هم می گذارم"</a>. سايت خبری تحليلی موسيقی پارس :: اخبار موسيقی :: گزارش کنسرت (in Persian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicepars.com/%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%87-%d8%a2%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%85%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%85%d8%8c-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2-%d9%87%d9%85-%d9%85%db%8c-%da%af%db%8c%d8%b1/">the original</a> on 2018-02-13. Retrieved 2019-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA+%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%DB%8C+%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%DB%8C+%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3+%3A%3A+%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%DB%8C+%3A%3A+%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4+%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AA&rft.atitle=%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87+%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82+%3A+%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%85%DB%8C+%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85%D8%8C+%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2+%D9%87%D9%85+%D9%85%DB%8C+%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%8C+%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AA+%D9%87%D9%85+%D9%85%DB%8C+%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85&rft.date=2013-07-06&rft.au=hatef&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicepars.com%2F%25da%25a9%25d8%25a7%25d9%2588%25d9%2587-%25d8%25a2%25d9%2581%25d8%25a7%25d9%2582-%25d8%25a7%25db%258c%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586-%25d9%2585%25db%258c-%25d9%2585%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586%25d9%2585%25d8%258c-%25d9%2585%25d8%25ac%25d9%2588%25d8%25b2-%25d9%2587%25d9%2585-%25d9%2585%25db%258c-%25da%25af%25db%258c%25d8%25b1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1392/05/27/119834/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA">"پنجمین جشنواره موسیقی مقاومت برگزیدگان خود را شناخت- اخبار فرهنگی - اخبار تسنیم - Tasnim"</a>. خبرگزاری تسنیم - Tasnim (in Persian). Retrieved 2019-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85+-+Tasnim&rft.atitle=%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86+%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87+%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C+%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA+%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF+%D8%B1%D8%A7+%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA-+%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C+-+%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85+-+Tasnim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tasnimnews.com%2Ffa%2Fnews%2F1392%2F05%2F27%2F119834%2F%25D9%25BE%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25DB%258C%25D9%2586-%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B4%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587-%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D9%2582%25DB%258C-%25D9%2585%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C%25D8%25AF%25DA%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D8%25AE%25D9%2588%25D8%25AF-%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7-%25D8%25B4%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AE%25D8%25AA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isna.ir/news/95080201570/از-کاوه-آفاق-تا-412-مستند-پرتره-متقاضی-حقیقت">"از کاوه آفاق تا 412 مستند پرتره متقاضی حقیقت"</a>. ایسنا (in Persian). 2016-10-23. Retrieved 2019-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D8%B2+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87+%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82+%D8%AA%D8%A7+412+%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF+%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%87+%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C+%D8%AD%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%AA&rft.date=2016-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isna.ir%2Fnews%2F95080201570%2F%D8%A7%D8%B2-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87-%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AA%D8%A7-412-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%AA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180212142121/http://cinemapress.ir/news/93568/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87-%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%98-%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF">"کاوه آفاق تیتراژ سریال "شبکه" را می خواند"</a>. اخبار سینمای ایران و جهان - سینماپرس (in Persian). 2018-01-29. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cinemapress.ir/news/93568/کاوه-آفاق-تیتراژ-سریال-شبکه-را-می-خواند">the original</a> on 2018-02-12. Retrieved 2019-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%88+%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86+-+%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3&rft.atitle=%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87+%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82+%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%98+%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84+%22%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87%22+%D8%B1%D8%A7+%D9%85%DB%8C+%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF&rft.date=2018-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcinemapress.ir%2Fnews%2F93568%2F%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87-%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%98-%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413033349/http://idealmusic.ir/%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c-%da%a9%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%87-%d8%a2%d9%81/">"مراسم رونمایی از کتاب ترانه های کاوه آفاق برگزار شد / " تهران ۵۷ " در آذر ۹۶ رونمایی شد"</a>. .:: موسیقی ایده آل ::. (in Persian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://idealmusic.ir/%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c-%da%a9%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%87-%d8%a2%d9%81/">the original</a> on 2019-04-13. Retrieved 2019-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=.%3A%3A+%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C+%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%87+%D8%A2%D9%84+%3A%3A.&rft.atitle=%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85+%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D8%B2+%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87+%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87+%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82+%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%B4%D8%AF+%2F+%22+%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%DB%B5%DB%B7+%22+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1+%DB%B9%DB%B6+%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C+%D8%B4%D8%AF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fidealmusic.ir%2F%25d9%2585%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b3%25d9%2585-%25d8%25b1%25d9%2588%25d9%2586%25d9%2585%25d8%25a7%25db%258c%25db%258c-%25da%25a9%25d8%25aa%25d8%25a7%25d8%25a8-%25d8%25aa%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d9%2586%25d9%2587-%25d9%2587%25d8%25a7%25db%258c-%25da%25a9%25d8%25a7%25d9%2588%25d9%2587-%25d8%25a2%25d9%2581%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isna.ir/news/96040301273/کاوه-آفاق-موسیقی-تئاتر-می-سازد">"کاوه آفاق موسیقی تئاتر می‌سازد"</a>. ایسنا (in Persian). 2017-06-24. Retrieved 2019-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7&rft.atitle=%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87+%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82+%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C+%D8%AA%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1+%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF&rft.date=2017-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isna.ir%2Fnews%2F96040301273%2F%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87-%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1-%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1396/02/22/1404408/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9-%DB%8C%D8%B9%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82-%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%A2%D9%86-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B4-300-%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%DA%A9%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D9%87-%DA%A9%D8%AC%D8%A7">""راک" یعنی آفاق نه آن که بلیتش 300 هزار تومان است / ببین تفاوت ره از کجاست تا به کجا- اخبار فرهنگی - اخبار تسنیم - Tasnim"</a>. خبرگزاری تسنیم - Tasnim (in Persian). Retrieved 2019-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85+-+Tasnim&rft.atitle=%22%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%22+%DB%8C%D8%B9%D9%86%DB%8C+%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82+%D9%86%D9%87+%D8%A2%D9%86+%DA%A9%D9%87+%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B4+300+%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA+%2F+%D8%A8%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86+%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA+%D8%B1%D9%87+%D8%A7%D8%B2+%DA%A9%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA+%D8%AA%D8%A7+%D8%A8%D9%87+%DA%A9%D8%AC%D8%A7-+%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C+-+%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85+-+Tasnim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tasnimnews.com%2Ffa%2Fnews%2F1396%2F02%2F22%2F1404408%2F%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25DA%25A9-%25DB%258C%25D8%25B9%25D9%2586%25DB%258C-%25D8%25A2%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582-%25D9%2586%25D9%2587-%25D8%25A2%25D9%2586-%25DA%25A9%25D9%2587-%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B4-300-%25D9%2587%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D9%2586-%25D8%25AA%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2-%25DA%25A9%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7-%25D8%25A8%25D9%2587-%25DA%25A9%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.honaronline.ir/Section-visual-4/102103-painting-exhibit-by-kaveh-afagh-at-sales-gallery">"Painting exhibit by Kaveh Afagh at Sales Gallery"</a>. Honaronline. Retrieved 2019-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Honaronline&rft.atitle=Painting+exhibit+by+Kaveh+Afagh+at+Sales+Gallery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.honaronline.ir%2FSection-visual-4%2F102103-painting-exhibit-by-kaveh-afagh-at-sales-gallery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180622140208/http://www.honaronline.ir/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-3/26564-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87-%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7">"استقبال از کاوه آفاق در ˝درخت بلوط˝"</a>. خبرگزاری هنر ایران (in Persian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.honaronline.ir/بخش-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-3/26564-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87-%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7">the original</a> on 2018-06-22. Retrieved 2019-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1+%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%A7%D8%B2+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87+%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%CB%9D%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%AA+%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%CB%9D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.honaronline.ir%2F%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AE%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1-3%2F26564-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D9%2582%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2-%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D9%2587-%25D8%25A2%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582-%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AE%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D8%25B7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://musicema.com/node/259575">"آلبوم "با قرص‌ها می‌رقصد" با صدای "کاوه آفاق" منتشر شد"</a>. Musicema.com (in Persian). Retrieved 2019-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Musicema.com&rft.atitle=%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%85+%22%D8%A8%D8%A7+%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B5%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7+%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%AF%22+%D8%A8%D8%A7+%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C+%22%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87+%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%22+%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1+%D8%B4%D8%AF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmusicema.com%2Fnode%2F259575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://musicema.com/node/178801">""کاوه آفاق" در "خاکستری" بازی می کند"</a>. Musicema.com (in Persian). Retrieved 2019-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Musicema.com&rft.atitle=%22%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87+%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%22+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%22%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%22+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C+%D9%85%DB%8C+%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmusicema.com%2Fnode%2F178801&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://photokade.com/%d8%a8%db%8c%d9%88%da%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%db%8c-%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%87-%d8%a2%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%b9%da%a9%d8%b3-%d8%ac%d8%af%db%8c%d8%af/">"بیوگرافی کاوه آفاق خواننده + زندگی شخصی و همسرش"</a>. 2018-08-01. Retrieved 2019-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87+%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82+%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87+%2B+%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C+%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%DB%8C+%D9%88+%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B4&rft.date=2018-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphotokade.com%2F%25d8%25a8%25db%258c%25d9%2588%25da%25af%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d9%2581%25db%258c-%25da%25a9%25d8%25a7%25d9%2588%25d9%2587-%25d8%25a2%25d9%2581%25d8%25a7%25d9%2582-%25d8%25a8%25d8%25a7-%25d8%25b9%25da%25a9%25d8%25b3-%25d8%25ac%25d8%25af%25db%258c%25d8%25af%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIranian+rock" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_rock&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070514033626/http://www.mtv.com/overdrive/?id=1556595&vid=142229">MTV report: Iranian band Hypernova tours in New York City</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/arts/story/2004/12/041211_ag-ohum-concert.shtml">BBC Report on O-Hum's first state sanctioned public concert</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3471841.stm">BBC: "Fresh Iranian bands ready to rock"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/iran/story/0,12858,1554334,00.html?gusrc=rss">The Guardian: Rock bands struggling to be heard in Iran</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/1001/p01s04-wome.html">Christian Science Monitor: "You say you want a revolution? Iran bands rock on."</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051213212230/http://www.bostonphoenix.com/boston/news_features/this_just_in/documents/05015356.asp">The Boston Phoenix: "IRAN SO FAR AWAY: Tehran rockers 127 make it to America at last"</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iranian_rock" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iranian_rock" title="Template:Iranian rock"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iranian_rock" title="Template talk:Iranian rock"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian_rock" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iranian rock"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iranian_rock" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iranian rock</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kourosh_Yaghmaei" title="Kourosh Yaghmaei">Kourosh Yaghmaei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farhad_Mehrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Farhad Mehrad">Farhad Mehrad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After the revolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypernova_(band)" title="Hypernova (band)">Hypernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiosk_(band)" title="Kiosk (band)">Kiosk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arashk_(band)" title="Arashk (band)">Arashk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-Hum" title="O-Hum">O-Hum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/127_(band)" title="127 (band)">127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsames_(band)" title="Arsames (band)">Arsames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barad_(band)" title="Barad (band)">Barad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddahead" title="Buddahead">Buddahead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angband_(band)" title="Angband (band)">Angband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Yellow_Dogs" title="The Yellow Dogs">The Yellow Dogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take_It_Easy_Hospital" title="Take It Easy Hospital">Take It Easy Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kavus_Torabi" title="Kavus Torabi">Kavus Torabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Namjoo" title="Mohsen Namjoo">Mohsen Namjoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahin_Najafi" title="Shahin Najafi">Shahin Najafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reza_Yazdani_(singer)" title="Reza Yazdani (singer)">Reza Yazdani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohsen_Chavoshi" title="Mohsen Chavoshi">Mohsen Chavoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaveh_Afagh" title="Kaveh Afagh">Kaveh Afagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirvan_Khosravi" title="Sirvan Khosravi">Sirvan Khosravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Raam" title="King Raam">King Raam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Azimi" title="Ali Azimi">Ali Azimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanam_Pasha" title="Sanam Pasha">Sanam Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Ghazi_Saeedi" title="Salim Ghazi Saeedi">Salim Ghazi Saeedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodi_Najm" title="Kodi Najm">Kodi Najm</a></li> <li>Kaveh Yaghmaei</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_alternative_rock" title="Iranian alternative rock">Iranian alternative rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_music_by_country" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_rock" title="Template:World rock"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_rock" title="Template talk:World rock"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_rock" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World rock"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_music_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock music by country</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Angola" title="Rock music in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_blues" title="Desert blues">Sahara desert region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamrock" title="Zamrock">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_rock" title="Argentine rock">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_rock" title="Brazilian rock">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_of_Canada" title="Rock music of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_rock" title="Chilean rock">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_rock" title="Colombian rock">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Costa_Rica#Rock_music" title="Music of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rock" title="Cuban rock">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_rock" title="Dominican rock">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_rock" title="Haitian rock">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Mexico" title="Rock music in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_rock" title="Peruvian rock">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock music in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_rock" title="American rock">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_rock" title="Uruguayan rock">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_rock" title="Venezuelan rock">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_rock" title="Armenian rock">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_rock" title="Azerbaijani rock">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_rock" title="Bangladeshi rock">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_rock_(1960s%E2%80%931970s)" title="Cambodian rock (1960s–1970s)">Cambodia (1959-1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_rock" title="Chinese rock">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rock" title="Indian rock">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_of_West_Bengal" title="Rock music of West Bengal">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga_rock" title="Raga rock">Raga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rock" title="Indonesian rock">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_rock" title="Israeli rock">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_rock" title="Japanese rock">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_rock" title="Korean rock">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_rock" title="Malaysian rock">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rock" title="Nepalese rock">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rock" title="Pakistani rock">Pakistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sufi_rock" title="Sufi rock">Sufi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_rock" title="Pinoy rock">Philippines</a> (<a href="/wiki/BisRock" class="mw-redirect" title="BisRock">Visayas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_rock" title="Taiwanese rock">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_rock" title="Thai rock">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_rock_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese rock music">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Albania" title="Rock music in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Belarus" title="Rock music in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Belgium" title="Rock music in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Rock music in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia#Rock" title="Music of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Denmark" title="Rock music in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Estonia" title="Rock music in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Finland" title="Rock music in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_France" title="Rock music in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Germany" title="Rock music in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Greece" title="Rock music in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Hungary" title="Rock music in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Iceland" title="Rock music in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Ireland" title="Rock music in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Italy" title="Rock music in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Latvia" title="Rock music in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Lithuania" title="Rock music in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_the_Netherlands" title="Rock music in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Norway" title="Rock music in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Poland" title="Rock music in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Portugal" title="Rock music in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Romania" title="Rock music in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Russia" title="Rock music in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Serbia" title="Rock music in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Slovenia" title="Rock music in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Spain" title="Rock music in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Sweden" title="Popular music in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Switzerland" title="Rock music in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock music in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Ukraine" title="Rock music in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_music" title="British rock music">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Australia" title="Rock music in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_New_Zealand" title="Rock music in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Rock_music" title="Category:Rock music">Category: Rock music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Rock_music" title="Portal:Rock music">Portal: Rock music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rock_music" title="Template:Rock music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rock_music" title="Template talk:Rock music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rock_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rock music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beat_(music)#Backbeat" title="Beat (music)">Backbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distortion_(music)" title="Distortion (music)">Distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_(rock_and_pop)" title="Band (rock and pop)">Rock band</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">Electric guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">Electric bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">Drum kit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres by decade of origin (sub-subgenres not included)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instrumental_rock" title="Instrumental rock">Instrumental rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_rock" title="Latin rock">Latin rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">Pop rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_and_roll" title="British rock and roll">British</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">Rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_music" title="Surf music">Surf music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Anatolian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock">Art rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_pop" title="Baroque pop">Baroque rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Beat music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues_rock" title="Blues rock">Blues rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogie_rock" title="Boogie rock">Boogie rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_pop" title="Chamber pop">Chamber pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_rock" title="Christian rock">Christian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_rock" title="Comedy rock">Comedy rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_rock" title="Country rock">Country rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_rock" title="Electronic rock">Electronic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">Experimental rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_rock" title="Flamenco rock">Flamenco rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">Folk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_rock" title="Garage rock">Garage rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">Hard rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">Heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam_band" title="Jam band">Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">Jazz rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_rock" title="Noise rock">Noise rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult_rock" title="Occult rock">Occult rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">Progressive rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">Psychedelic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga_rock" title="Raga rock">Raga rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots_rock" title="Roots rock">Roots rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">Soft rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_rock" title="Southern rock">Southern rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_rock" title="Space rock">Space rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_rock" title="Swamp rock">Swamp rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arena_rock" title="Arena rock">Arena rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cock_rock" title="Cock rock">Cock rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-rock" title="Dance-rock">Dance-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_rock" title="Funk rock">Funk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glam_rock" title="Glam rock">Glam rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_rock" title="Heartland rock">Heartland rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_rock" title="Industrial rock">Industrial rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-progressive" title="Post-progressive">Post-progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_pop" title="Power pop">Power pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_rock_(Australia)" title="Pub rock (Australia)">Pub rock (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_rock_(United_Kingdom)" title="Pub rock (United Kingdom)">Pub rock (United Kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_rock" title="Shock rock">Shock rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">Soft rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacht_rock" title="Yacht rock">Yacht rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">Alternative rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathrock" title="Deathrock">Deathrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop">Dream pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grebo_(music)" title="Grebo (music)">Grebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">Grunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">Indie rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">Jangle pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_rock" title="Rap rock">Rap rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_kapak" title="Rock kapak">Rock kapak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoegaze" title="Shoegaze">Shoegaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slacker_rock" title="Slacker rock">Slacker rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_rock" title="Tropical rock">Trop rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">Emo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Math_rock" title="Math rock">Math rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">Post-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_rock" title="Stoner rock">Stoner rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_rock" title="Sufi rock">Sufi rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_rock" title="Viking rock">Viking rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_rock" title="American rock">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Desert_Scene" title="Palm Desert Scene">Palm Desert Scene</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_of_Canada" title="Rock music of Canada">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Costa_Rica#Rock_music" title="Music of Costa Rica">Costa Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rock" title="Cuban rock">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_rock" title="Dominican rock">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_rock" title="Haitian rock">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Mexico" title="Rock music in Mexico">Mexican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rock" title="Chicano rock">Chicano rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Music of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_rock" title="Argentine rock">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_rock" title="Brazilian rock">Brazilian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_thrash_metal" title="Brazilian thrash metal">Brazilian thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_rock" title="Chilean rock">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_rock" title="Colombian rock">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_rock" title="Ecuadorian rock">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_rock" title="Peruvian rock">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_rock" title="Uruguayan rock">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_rock" title="Venezuelan rock">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Albania" title="Rock music in Albania">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Belarus" title="Rock music in Belarus">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Belgium" title="Rock music in Belgium">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Rock music in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_music" title="British rock music">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_and_roll" title="British rock and roll">British rock and roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Britpop" title="Post-Britpop">Post-Britpop</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia#Rock" title="Music of Croatia">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Denmark" title="Rock music in Denmark">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_the_Netherlands" title="Rock music in the Netherlands">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indorock" title="Indorock">Indorock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederbeat" title="Nederbeat">Nederbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_(music)" title="Ultra (music)">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Estonia" title="Rock music in Estonia">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Finland" title="Rock music in Finland">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_France" title="Rock music in France">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Germany" title="Rock music in Germany">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Greece" title="Rock music in Greece">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Hungary" title="Rock music in Hungary">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Iceland" title="Rock music in Iceland">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Ireland" title="Rock music in Ireland">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Italy" title="Rock music in Italy">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Latvia" title="Rock music in Latvia">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Lithuania" title="Rock music in Lithuania">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia#Rock_music" title="Music of North Macedonia">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Norway" title="Rock music in Norway">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Poland" title="Rock music in Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Portugal" title="Rock music in Portugal">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Romania" title="Rock music in Romania">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Russia" title="Rock music in Russia">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Serbia" title="Rock music in Serbia">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Slovenia" title="Rock music in Slovenia">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Spain" title="Rock music in Spain">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Sweden" title="Popular music in Sweden">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Switzerland" title="Rock music in Switzerland">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Ukraine" title="Rock music in Ukraine">Ukrainian</a></li> <li>Yugoslavian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Art_rock" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Art rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Hard_rock_and_heavy_metal" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Hard rock and heavy metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Extreme_metal" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Extreme metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Neo-rockabilly" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Neo-rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music_in_Yugoslavia" title="New wave music in Yugoslavia">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Post-punk" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Post-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_Yugoslavia" title="Punk rock in Yugoslavia">Punk</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_rock" title="Armenian rock">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_rock" title="Azerbaijani rock">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_rock" title="Bangladeshi rock">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cambodia#Cambodian_rock_and_pop" title="Music of Cambodia">Cambodian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cambodian_rock_(1960s%E2%80%931970s)" title="Cambodian rock (1960s–1970s)">1959–1975</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_rock" title="Chinese rock">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_rock" title="Pinoy rock">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bisrock" title="Bisrock">Bisrock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rock" title="Indian rock">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_of_West_Bengal" title="Rock music of West Bengal">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga_rock" title="Raga rock">Raga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rock" title="Indonesian rock">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_rock" title="Israeli rock">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_rock" title="Japanese rock">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_rock" title="Korean rock">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_rock" title="Malaysian rock">Malaysian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_kapak" title="Rock kapak">Rock kapak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rock" title="Nepalese rock">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rock" title="Pakistani rock">Pakistani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_rock" title="Sufi rock">Sufi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Russia" title="Rock music in Russia">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_rock" title="Taiwanese rock">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_rock" title="Thai rock">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Angola" title="Rock music in Angola">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_blues" title="Desert blues">Sahara desert region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamrock" title="Zamrock">Zambian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Australia" title="Rock music in Australia">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_New_Zealand" title="Rock music in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_rock" title="Active rock">Active rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_album_alternative" title="Adult album alternative">Adult album alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album-oriented_rock" title="Album-oriented rock">Album-oriented rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_rock" title="Classic rock">Classic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_rock" title="Mainstream rock">Mainstream rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_rock" title="Modern rock">Modern rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock_(radio_format)" title="Progressive rock (radio format)">Progressive rock (radio format)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>History</li><li>Culture</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_rock_music" title="List of years in rock music">List of years in rock music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_rock_and_roll" title="Origins of rock and roll">Origins of rock and roll</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_in_rock_music" title="Electronics in rock music">Electronics in rock music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_effects_of_rock_music" title="Social effects of rock music">Social effects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Racism" title="Rock Against Racism">Rock Against Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Sexism" title="Rock Against Sexism">Rock Against Sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_and_the_fall_of_communism" title="Rock music and the fall of communism">Rock music and the fall of communism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockism_and_poptimism" title="Rockism and poptimism">Rockism and poptimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_rock" title="Women in rock">Women in rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatlesque" title="Beatlesque">Beatlesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_genres" title="List of rock genres">List of rock genres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorik" title="Motorik">Motorik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">Outlaw country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music" title="Progressive music">Progressive music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_concert" title="Rock concert">Rock concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_festival" title="Rock festival">Rock festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_musical" title="Rock musical">Rock musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_opera" title="Rock opera">Rock opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagnerian_rock" title="Wagnerian rock">Wagnerian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Sound" title="Wall of Sound">Wall of Sound</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /><a href="/wiki/Category:Rock_music" title="Category:Rock music">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Rock_music" title="Portal:Rock music">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Guitar_1.svg/15px-Guitar_1.svg.png" decoding="async" 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