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Rock music has been popular in Iran since 1960s, with the emergence of singers such as [[Kourosh Yaghmaei]], [[Farhad Mehrad]], [[Fereydoon Forooghi|Fereydoon Foroughi]] and [[Habib (singer)|Habib Mohebian]], but was largely forgotten after the [[Iranian Revolution]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kourosh-yaghmaei.com/biography/Biography-p.htm|title=Kourosh yaghmaei Biography|website=www.kourosh-yaghmaei.com|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref> Like most rock styles, electric guitar and bass guitar and drums are the main instruments in this type of music. In some groups, keyboard and piano are very important. Iranian rock music is influenced by [[British rock music|English rock]], [[American rock]] and European styles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://anthropology.ir/article/8883.html|title=انسان شناسی و فرهنگ {{!}} انسان‌شناسی، علمی‌ترین رشته علوم انسانی و انسانی‌ترین رشته در علوم است.|website=anthropology.ir|access-date=2019-08-15|archive-date=2019-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815100210/http://anthropology.ir/article/8883.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Because of the Iranian performers of this music, various types of Iranian rhythms and tones in this genre are separated from other rock genres.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rooziato.com/139514531/%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b3%db%8c%d9%82%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%da%a9-%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%da%a9%d8%ac%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f/|title=موسیقی راک در ایران کجای راه است؟|date=9 August 2016|website=روزیاتو|access-date=2019-08-15}}</ref> Iranian rock was banned after the Islamic revolution of 1979, and apart from a small number of artists, this style of music still has many problems in Iran. ==Early years== [[File:Farhad Mehrad.jpg|thumb|left|[[Farhad Mehrad|Farhad]] (1944–2002) was one of the pioneers of rock music in Iran.|alt=]] Rock music was introduced in Iran by the 1960s, together with the arrival of other Western musical genres in the country's music industry.<ref name="IRAN xi. MUSIC">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/iran-xi-persian-music |title=IRAN xi. MUSIC |volume=XIII |pages=474–480 |date=March 30, 2012 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica}}</ref> Iranian rock music was developed by the emergence of artists such as [[Farhad Mehrad]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.farhadmehrad.org/fa/bio.htm |title=Farhad Mehrad's Official Website |publisher=farhadmehrad.org |access-date=6 January 2016 |archive-date=22 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022005802/http://www.farhadmehrad.org/fa/bio.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Kourosh Yaghmaei]],<ref name=":0"/> Black Cats,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://iranican.com/2013/03/27/starting-with-shabpareh |title=Starting with Shabpareh – Iranican |publisher=iranican.com |access-date=6 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304221954/http://iranican.com/2013/03/27/starting-with-shabpareh |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> The Dangers<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.topnaz.com/%d8%b7%d9%88%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%86%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%da%af%d8%b0%d8%b4%d8%aa/|title=طوفان خواننده ایرانی در گذشت|date=2012-06-05|website=مجله تاپ‌ناز‌|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref> and Scorpio<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://media.hamyaari.ca/wp-content/cache/page_enhanced/media.hamyaari.ca/2017/11/28/%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b3%db%8c%d9%82%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%da%a9-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a8%d9%87-%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d8%b3%da%a9%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88/_index.html_gzip|title=Rock Music in Iran by Scorpio|website=media.hamyaari.ca|access-date=2019-08-07}}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://owrsi.com/%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b3%da%a9%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%be%db%8c%d9%88-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b3%db%8c%d9%82%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%da%a9/|title=گروه اسکورپیو و موسیقی راک ایرانی|last=اورسی|first=مجله فرهنگی|date=|website=مجله فرهنگی اورسی|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref>{{small|(''not to be confused with the German [[Scorpions (band)|Scorpions]]'')}}. It soon grew as a popular musical genre among the young generation, especially at the nightclubs of [[Tehran]] and [[Abadan]].<ref>{{cite web |title='اسکورپیو' در آپارات |trans-title='Scorpio' on Aparat |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/arts/2013/02/130227_aprat_week_09.shtml |work=BBC Persian}}</ref> === Couchini Restaurant === [[File:Black Cats (Band) - 1960's.jpg|thumb|283x283px|Black Cats in 1969|alt=]]The origin of many Iranian rock artists, including [[Farhad Mehrad|Farhad]] and the Black Cats, is Couchini Restaurant.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://old.sharghdaily.ir/news/90/07/18/13549.html|title=روزنامه شرق- رستوران پرآوازه كوچيني- دوشنبه,18 مهر 1390|website=old.sharghdaily.ir|access-date=2019-08-07|archive-date=2015-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523170409/http://old.sharghdaily.ir/news/90/07/18/13549.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The restaurant was founded by [[Vida Ghahremani]] in the early 1960s. Farhad Mehrad played the piano at this restaurant and was the lead singer of the Black Cats group. He also sings the songs of [[Ray Charles]]. The Americans in that area had given Farhad the nickname "Ray Charles of Iran".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/344826.html|title=نگاه تازه، برنامه ويژه راديوفردا براي جوانان: تاثير ري چارلز بر موسيقي ايران و جهان، چند برابر شدن ظرفيت Mailbox ياهو|website=رادیو فردا|date=7 December 2006 |language=fa|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref> [[Ebi]] also performed his first performance at Couchini Restaurant.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zamaaneh.com/music/2010/03/post_312.html|title=رادیو زمانه {{!}} آهنگ زمانه {{!}} خوانندگان ایرانی {{!}} آنچه از خواندن یاد گرفته‌ام، مدیون فرهاد است|website=zamaaneh.com|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref> After the Black Cats became famous, they no longer performed at the restaurant. That's why other groups like [[Scorpio (Iranian band)|Scorpio]] replaced them.<ref name=":1" /> In general, Couchini Restaurant was the most important place to cultivate Iranian rock music. {{Blockquote|text="Without Couchini Restaurant, rock music would never have grown in Iran, and we would never hear singers like [[Ebi]] and [[Farhad Mehrad|Farhad]]."|sign=[[Ebrahim Nabavi]]|source=book Basement music Chapter One Page 89.|title=}} === Kourosh Yaghmaei === [[Kourosh Yaghmaei]] began releasing his albums in 1971. He brought a lot of innovation to Iranian rock.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://setare.com/fa/news/26468/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4-%DB%8C%D8%BA%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86|title=بیوگرافی کوروش یغمایی، پدر راک ایران|website=setare.com|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Using the keyboard as the rhythm of the song instead of the guitar is part of this innovation.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://persianv.com/maharat/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4-%DB%8C%D8%BA%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C.html|title=کوروش یغمایی {{!}} کوروش یغمایی ، پدر موسیقی راک چطور زندگی کرده است؟|date=|website=مهارت های زندگی|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://boyernews.com/29242/%da%a9%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b4-%db%8c%d8%ba%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7-%da%86%d9%87-%da%a9%d8%b3%db%8c-%d9%88-%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87-%da%a9%d8%b4%d8%aa%d8%9f-%d8%b9%da%a9%d8%b3/|title=کوروش یغمایی را چه کسی و چگونه کشت؟ +عکس|date=2013-03-30|website=پایگاه خبری تحلیلی بويرنيوز {{!}} Boyer News|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> Kourosh Yaghmaei released two albums before being banned, both of which are important works of Iranian rock.<ref name="auto"/> His most important work is [[Gol-e Yakh]]. Based on international standards, the flower of ice quickly penetrated beyond the borders of Iran, and thereafter various performances in other countries of the world continued to this day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kourosh-yaghmaei.com/|title=The Official KOUROSH YAGHMAEI Website|website=www.kourosh-yaghmaei.com|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kaleme.com/1392/08/11/klm-163498/|title=دردنامه كوروش يغمايي؛ 25 سال ممنوع‌الکار بوده‌ام « سایت خبری تحلیلی کلمه|website=www.kaleme.com|access-date=2019-08-14|archive-date=2019-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814070644/https://www.kaleme.com/1392/08/11/klm-163498/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/nas-releases-new-kanye-produced-album-nasir-listen/|title=Nas Releases New Kanye-Produced Album Nasir: Listen|website=Pitchfork|date=16 June 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> According to [[Ebrahim Nabavi]] (author of the book Basement music): "Kourosh Yaghmaei has had a profound impact on [[Psychedelic rock|Psychedelic Rock]] in Iran."<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Basement music|last=Nabavi|first=Ebrahim|year=2013|isbn=9781909641020|pages=207|publisher=Nogaam }}</ref> Kourosh Yaghmaei is known as the father of Iranian rock because of his deep influence on Iranian rock music.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bartarinha.ir/fa/news/345680|title=کوروش یغمایی؛ پدر موسیقی راک ایران|last=زندگی|first=مجله اینترنتی برترین ها {{!}} پورتال خبری و سبک|date=|website=fa|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telexiran.com/News/برترین-ها/چهره-ها/چهره-های-ایرانی/کوروش-یغمایی؛-پدر-موسیقی-راک-ایران|title=کوروش یغمایی؛ پدر موسیقی راک ایران - اخبار چهره ها|last=تلکسیران|first=پایگاه خبری|website=پایگاه خبری تلکسیران|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-14}}{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techrato.com/2016/12/04/kourosh-yaghmaei-mini-bio/|title=کوروش یغمایی ، سلطان موسیقی راک و سایکدلیک راک ایران 69 ساله شد! - تکراتو|date=|website=تکراتو - اخبار روز تکنولوژی|language=en|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iran90.blogpo.ir/post/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4-%DB%8C%D8%BA%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9-2329|title=کوروش یغمایی؛ پدر موسیقی راک ایران|website=وبلاگ ایران 90|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> After the Islamic Revolution, Yaghmaei was banned from performing for seventeen years. During that time he worked for children and published books and cassettes. In 1987, he released his fourth solo instrumental album Diar which was recorded without bass, guitar and drums, as dictated by the Iranian government. In addition, Yaghmaei arranged folkloric pieces to be played by the Great National Orchestra.Between 2003 and 2006, Yaghmaei worked with his last studio album titled Malek Jamshid.[17][18] After 12 years of trying to obtain the required permit from the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, the authority denied to release this album in Iran. Latter in 2016, since two years of restriction not to use types of equipment such as acoustic system, sound engineering, professional microphones, amplifiers, Roland keyboard, electric guitar, 8 track recorder and other necessary equipment[17][9] the album was released by Now-Again in United States and the album was banned by the Iranian government.[8][17] He released debut compilation [[Back from the Brink: Pre-Revolution Psychedelic Rock from Iran: 1973–1979|Back from the Brink]]: Pre-Revolution Psychedelic Rock from Iran: 1973–1979 in 2011.[19][20] A two-disc celebration of Yaghmaei's most well-known numbers, recorded between 1973 and 1979, before the Islamic Revolution.[21] In 2018 [[Nas]] sampled an Old Persian Song called " [[Gol-e Yakh|Gole Yakh]] " by @kourosh.yaghmaei for Adam and Eve <ref>{{cite web | url=https://genius.com/Nas-adam-and-eve-lyrics | title=Nas (Ft. The-Dream) – Adam and Eve }}</ref> === Habib Mohebian and Fereydoon Foroughi, pioneers of blues rock === [[File:Habib-javani.jpg|left|thumb|302x302px|[[Habib (singer)|Habib]] in 1977]] [[Fereydoon Forooghi|Fereydoon Foroughi]] began his work a year after Farhad Mehrad. His debut album [[Zendoone Del]] was one of the first albums of Iranian blues rock.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/809901/تصاویر-فریدون-فروغی-خواننده-ای-که-۱۷-سال-پیش-دق-کرد-و-مرد|title=تصاویر {{!}} فریدون فروغی؛ خواننده‌ای که ۱۷ سال پیش دِق کرد و مُرد!|date=2018-10-05|website=خبرآنلاین|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-09}}</ref> Fereidun Foroughi's scratchy voice greatly contributed to his reputation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://setare.com/fa/news/27712/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81-%D8%B3%D8%A8%DA%A9-%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9-%D9%88-%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C|title=Fereydoon Foroughi and his influence on our music.|website=setare.com|access-date=2019-08-09}}</ref> His most famous song is "yar dabestani man" sweetheart.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.isna.ir/news/96111609362/یار-دبستانی-من-را-من-خوانده-ام|title="یار دبستانی من" را من خوانده‌ام|date=2018-02-05|website=ایسنا|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ilna.ir/بخش-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1-6/675277-%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%85%D9%86-%DA%86%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84-%D8%B4%D8%AF|title="یار دبستانی من" چطور به نمادی سیاسی بدل شد؟|website=خبرگزاری ایلنا|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-09}}</ref> Fereydoun Foroughi's work ended with this album. The bad sales of this album made it impossible to release another album. With the Iranian Revolution happening, the voice of Fereydoun Foroughi was never heard again.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parstourism.ir/%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%87-%d9%81%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%af%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ba%db%8c/|title=به بهانه انتشار مجدد مستند "قريه من"، مستندی درباره فریدون فروغی|date=|website=پارس توریسم|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-09}}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/arts/2014/10/141015_aparat_41_14|title='قریه من' در آپارات|website=BBC News فارسی|date=15 October 2014 |language=fa|access-date=2019-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://musicema.com/node/151103|title=انتشار دوباره "قریه من"|website=Musicema.com|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/4082793/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87-%D9%85%D9%86|title=Fereydoon Foroughi A man from my village|website=www.yjc.ir|access-date=2019-08-09}}</ref> Although Fereydoon Foroughi's work was not long, his influence on rock music is significant. In 1977, [[Habib (singer)|Habib Mohebian]] began preparing his first album. Four months ago Habib's mother released the album. Habib sang a song called "Mother" because of her mother's death that was used in the album.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/arts/story/2005/04/050415_ag-habib-mohammad.shtml|title=BBCPersian.com|website=www.bbc.com|access-date=2019-08-09}}</ref> Habib Mohebian has two other self-titled songs, "Lonely Night Man" and "My Shahla", both of which are on his first album. Until the Iranian Revolution, Habib only {{Listen|description=[[Lonely Night Man (Habib song)|Lonely Night Man]], Habib's most famous work|filename=Marde_Tanhaye_Shab.ogg|filetype=[[Ogg]]|title=Habib – "Lonely Night Man"}} had the opportunity to release another album called Hello Neighbor. After the revolution, Habib stayed in Iran until 1983 and then moved to [[Los Angeles]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/106844/%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A8-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B4|title=Habib Mohebian Biography|website=www.tabnak.ir|access-date=2019-08-09}}</ref> His most notable work during this period was "Swamp Crabs", an important work in [[blues rock]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/198215/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3-%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1|title=درخواست خواننده لوس آنجلسی از رشیدپور|website=www.tabnak.ir|access-date=2019-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asriran.com/fa/news/352443/%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%AD%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A8-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%86%D9%87-%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA|title=Swamp crabs, Habib's new work|website=www.asriran.com|access-date=2019-08-09}}</ref> Habib returned to Iran in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.isna.ir/news/93060402726/گزارشی-از-خانه-حبیب-در-رامسر|title=گزارشی از خانه "حبیب" در رامسر|date=2014-08-26|website=ایسنا|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-09}}</ref> Habib did little work until the end of his life and died in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.isna.ir/news/95031712200/حبيب-از-دنیا-رفت|title="حبيب" از دنیا رفت|date=2016-06-10|website=ایسنا|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mehrnews.com/news/3682003/حبیب-محبیان-خواننده-و-آهنگساز-ایرانی-درگذشت|title=حبیب محبیان خواننده و آهنگساز ایرانی درگذشت|date=2016-06-10|website=خبرگزاری مهر {{!}} اخبار ایران و جهان {{!}} Mehr News Agency|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/596316/%D8%AD%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A8-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B4%D8%AA-%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88|title=حبیب محبیان خواننده قدیمی درگذشت|website=www.tabnak.ir|access-date=2019-08-09}}</ref> === Tehran Sound === The number of rock bands gradually increased, each performing in cafes and restaurants. Some of these bands, such as The Raptures, The Robles, The Dangers, and Golden Ring, have released albums. Most of the works published by these groups did not succeed.<ref name=":2" /> In time, these rock bands were renamed Tehran Sound. All bands in Tehran Sound released their songs with the Apollo label.<ref name=":2" /> But most of them did not succeed. Kamran Yaghmaei, brother of Kourosh Yaghmaei, formed a band that played the songs of Kourosh. [[Andy (singer)|Andy]] started playing music with the band, he played in the Bass Guitar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.touristmy.net/%da%af%d9%81%d8%aa-%d9%88-%da%af%d9%88-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%db%8c%d8%8c-%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%86%d8%af%d9%87-%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c/|title=گفت و گو با اندی، خواننده ایرانی|website=توریست مالزی|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref> Tehran Sound had almost disappeared by the dissolution of key groups such as the Golden Ring by 1977. One of the last artists to call themselves a member of Tehran Sound was [[Faramarz Aslani]], who blended [[flamenco]] with rock.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/arts/story/2004/08/040820_ag-aslani.shtml|title=BBC Persian|website=www.bbc.com|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/tvandradio/2012/01/120117_hardtalk_faramarz_aslani|title=به عبارت دیگر: گفتگو با فرامرز اصلانی|website=BBC News فارسی|date=17 January 2012 |language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref> Tehran Sound ended with the start of the [[Iranian Revolution]]. === Regional scenes === ==== Astara ==== In 1969 and 1970 Golden Ring first introduced rock garage into Iranian rock music.<ref name=":2" /> As a result, large groups of enthusiasts of this genre were formed throughout Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.magiran.com/article/3196486|title=Magiran {{!}} روزنامه شرق (1394/05/03): گفت وگو با سعید دبیری موزیسین و ترانه سرا: تنها گروه فارسی خوان بودیم|website=www.magiran.com|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref> The most important [[Astara, Iran|Astara]] [[Band (rock and pop)|rock band]] was Cheshm Azar Group, founded by [[Naser Cheshmazar|Nasser Cheshm Azar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zoomg.ir/2018/5/4/274697/naser-cheshm-azar-bioghraphy/|title=بیوگرافی ناصر چشم آذر|date=2018-05-05|website=زومجی|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref> The song "God of the heavens" is the band's most popular song, which many have covered.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/interactivity/2015/03/150319_l38_yt_nowruz_andy|title=پرسش‌های شما از اندی، مهمان نوروزی نوبت شما|website=BBC News فارسی|date=19 March 2015 |language=fa|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.javanan.com/2016-05-04-17-36-14|title=لس آنجلس درانتظار یک حادثه هنری - Javanan Magazine|website=www.javanan.com|access-date=2019-08-07|archive-date=2016-10-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005065736/http://www.javanan.com/2016-05-04-17-36-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other highlights of Astara are the miracles. ==== Mashhad ==== The Sinners and Pepe Flovy were active rock bands in Mashhad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khmohamad.wordpress.com/2017/02/13/%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%84%db%8c%d8%af-%d9%be%db%8c%da%86%db%8c%d8%af%d9%87-%db%8c%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87%d8%9b-%d8%b3%d8%b1%da%86%d8%b4%d9%85%d9%87%e2%80%8c-%d8%b1/|title=تقلید پیچیده یا اصالت ساده؛ سرچشمه‌ راک ایرانی که ستون پاپ طلایی دهه 1350 شد|date=2017-02-12|website=مجله کادانس|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref> In 1966, The Sinners performed "[[(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction]]" at the hall of Mohammad Reza Shah.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Tehrangeles|last=Nabavi|first=Ebrahim|year=1999|isbn=978-964-6176-59-1|pages=137}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book|title=The Millennium; The Music of Iran|last=Mohseni|first=Mohsen|year=2017|isbn=978-600-03-0645-8|pages=134}}</ref> Andranik Asaturian formed [[the Super Five]] band in 1969. This band was one of the first examples of [[jazz fusion]] in Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.starbino.com/30219/%d8%a8%db%8c%d9%88%da%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%db%8c-%d8%a2%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c%da%a9-%d8%a2%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%86.html|title=بیوگرافی آندرانیک آساطوریان و داستان زندگی شخصی همراه با عکس ها و تصاویر اینستاگرام|date=2018-12-24|website=مجله اینترنتی استاربینو|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/f8-andranik/26870485.html|title=عارف: آندرانیک آدم سیاسی نبود|website=رادیو فردا|date=26 February 2015 |language=fa|access-date=2019-08-09|last1=ضرغامی |first1=محمد }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/arts/2015/02/150221_u04_asaturian_obituary|title=آندرانیک، هنرمندی که مهر ورزید و بی مهری دید|last=موسیقی|first=پژمان اکبرزاده پیانیست و پژوهشگر|website=BBC News فارسی|date=23 February 2015 |language=fa|access-date=2019-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/2655080.html|title=آندرانیک آساطوریان پیشکسوت موسیقی پاپ ایران درگذشت|website=صدای آمریکا|date=23 February 2015 |language=fa|access-date=2019-08-09}}</ref> the Super Five lasted only a year. ==== Abadan ==== The Herbs group was formed in Abadan. Some members of this group later joined the Scorpio group.<ref name=":5" /> Son Soul Brothers was a group that [[Martik Kanian]] and Mehdi Khashe founded.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.starbino.com/23794/%d8%a8%db%8c%d9%88%da%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%db%8c%da%a9-%d9%82%d8%b1%d9%87%e2%80%8c%d8%ae%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%86.html|title=بیوگرافی مارتیک قره‌خانیان و داستان زندگی شخصی همراه با عکس ها و تصاویر اینستاگرام|date=2018-10-02|website=مجله اینترنتی استاربینو|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref> Martik and Mehdi Khashe were both from Abadan, playing guitar for Mehdi Rahmati's orchestra.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mandegar.tarikhema.org/زندگینامه-مارتیک|title=زندگینامه مارتیک {{!}} مشاهیر تاریخ ما|date=4 May 2019 |language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref> In 1971, Martik and Mehdi Khasheh were separated from the Mehdi Rahmati Orchestra. Martik and Mehdi Khashe, along with Firouz Sarkarde, Behrouz Lari, Mohammad Moradi and Hossein Hosseini formed the Son Soul Brothers band. The group was originally covering foreign works such as [[Pastime Paradise]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Son Soul Brothers- Pastime Paradise|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZWsDSI8Urw|url-status=dead|language=en|access-date=2019-08-08|archive-date=2021-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227173022/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZWsDSI8Urw&gl=US&hl=en}}</ref> The band have been making their own songs since 1972, with the most successful being "Cheshmaye To" in 1975. "Cheshmaye To" was listed in the number 90 list of my network and you as "Top 100 Persian Songs".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://topmeysam.blogfa.com/post/16|title=دانلود 100 ترانه ماندگار ایران به انتخاب شبکه من و تو 1|website=topmeysam.blogfa.com|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://poortal.rzb.ir/post/280|title=دانلود 100 آهنگ ماندگار تاریخ ایران به انتخاب شبکه منو تو|website=poortal.rzb.ir|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.manototv.com/videos/69190/vid8528|title=بهترین‌های مارتیک|last=تو|first=Manoto من و|website=Manoto TV|language=FA|access-date=2019-08-08}}</ref> Son Soul Brothers was the first Iranian band to perform a disco song.<ref name=":6" /> The group was dissolved in 1977.[[File:Vigen.jpg|thumb|[[Viguen]], known as Sultan of Jazz,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/iran/story/2005/04/050406_l-cy-armenians-3.shtml|title=BBCPersian.com|website=www.bbc.com|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref> was a role model for many Armenian singers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3218885.stm|title=Iranian pop legend dies at 74|date=2003-10-27|access-date=2019-08-07|language=en-GB}}</ref>]] === The role of Armenians === {{See also|Armenian rock}} The Armenians were very capable musicians. [[Viguen]] was a pioneer in the integration of pop music with Persian poetry.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/nov/26/guardianobituaries.iran|title=Obituary: Vigen Derderian|last=Saba|first=Sadeq|date=2003-11-26|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-08-07|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Artoush and his band The Wonders also pioneered the creation of symphony rock in Iran.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.starbino.com/25699/%d8%a8%db%8c%d9%88%da%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%db%8c-%d8%a2%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b4.html|title=بیوگرافی آرتوش و داستان زندگی شخصی همراه با عکس ها و تصاویر اینستاگرام|date=2018-10-17|website=مجله اینترنتی استاربینو|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref> But Artosh's work was not well known, and Artosh remained anonymous until his death in 2018. [[Varoujan Hakhbandian|Varoujan]], a great Armenian musician, had arranged many popular Iranian songs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.starbino.com/41011/%d8%a8%db%8c%d9%88%da%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%db%8c-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%88%da%98%d8%a7%d9%86.html|title=بیوگرافی واروژان و داستان زندگی شخصی همراه با عکس ها و تصاویر اینستاگرام|date=2019-06-22|website=مجله اینترنتی استاربینو|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khabarland.com/news/123931/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%98%DB%8C-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE|title=مرور شاهکارهای "واروژان"، نوستالژی موسیقی پاپ|website=جستجوگر خبر فارسی|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-07|archive-date=2019-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807105317/https://khabarland.com/news/123931/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C-%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25DA%2598%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25DA%2598%25DB%258C-%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D9%2582%25DB%258C-%25D9%25BE%25D8%25A7%25D9%25BE|url-status=dead}}</ref> He died of cardiac arrest very early in his forties.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bartarinha.ir/fa/news/536464|title=مرور شاهکارهای "واروژان"، نوستالژی موسیقی پاپ|last=زندگی|first=مجله اینترنتی برترین ها {{!}} پورتال خبری و سبک|date= |website=fa|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-07}}</ref> Like many other Armenian singers, Georges Hvansian tried to imitate Viguen.<ref name=":2" /> He became famous for reading Greek works. The Poppy band was one of the first Armenian rock bands. Some of the songs in this band are outstanding.<ref name=":3" /> Armenian works are very important and influential in Iranian rock music. And still these works have maintained their fame.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Armenian Iranians|last=Lazarus|first=Janet D.|publisher=Hirmand Book Store|year=2003|isbn=9789646974500|pages=367}}</ref> ==After the 1979 Revolution== Rock music started after the revolution and before the presence of internet activities in the era of [[President Rafsanjani]] with the performance of Kaveh Yaghmaei and Babak Amini in Tehran. Kaveh Yaghmai performed rock music and sold tickets for the first time in Tehran, which met with a great reception from the people became. [[File:Kaveh Yaghmaei 4.jpg|thumb|Kaveh Yaghmaei 2019 Tehran]] === Kaveh Yaghmaei === Kaveh is one of the most prominent Iranian musicians and composers since the Islamic Republic Revolution of 1979. He is also the son of an Iranian famous musician, Kourosh Yaghmaei, the godfather of psychedelic rock music. Kaveh Yaghmaei's father "[[Kourosh Yaghmaei]]" is one of the superstars before the 1979 revolution, who is the founder of the combination of western and local Iranian music, especially the rock music of 1960 in Iran. Korosh Yaghmaei is an artist whose works have been remixed by artists such as Kanye West and [[Nas]] and many other international artists after half a century, and many of his works have been translated into other languages such as French, German, Armenian, Turkish, Arabic and especially English is sung and performed. Kaveh is the first musician after the 1979 revolution who effectively resurrected Iranian rock music. Kaveh received his Bachelor of Art in Classical Guitar from [[Islamic Azad University|Azad University]] of Tehran. He started playing guitar when he was 8 years old and begins attending [[Tehran Conservatory of Music Boys|Tehran Conservatory]] of Music, Iran’s most prestigious music school before 1979 revolution, at a very young age. The first instrument he learned was piano and later flute. After the 1979 revolution, the music schools were temporarily closed in Iran and Kaveh pursued his music education with his father who was also one of Iran’s most prominent musicians of all time. At this stage, Kaveh began to learn progressive rock, a style of music that was not taught anywhere in the country at the time. Some of the many influences of his musical development include Baroque and classical music, as well as such classic rock bands such as [[Deep Purple]], [[Rush (band)|Rush]], Supermax, [[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]], [[Jeff Beck]], [[AC/DC]], Camel, [[The Ventures]], [[Dire Straits]], [[Elton John]], [[Pink Floyd]], [[Alan Parsons|Alan Parson]] and [[Eric Clapton]]. === Alternative rock === {{Main|Iranian Alternative rock}} [[File:Abdi behravanfar.jpg|thumb|[[Abdi Behravanfar|Abdi behravanfar]] had a profound impact on Iranian alternative music<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/arts/2013/10/131030_l41_music_abdi_behravanfar_interview|title=عبدی بهروانفر: موسیقی زیرزمینی در ایران، بازی دزد و پلیس است|last=بی‌بی‌سی|first=علیرضا میراسدالله|website=BBC News فارسی|date=30 October 2013 |language=fa|access-date=2019-08-17}}</ref> and later [[folk rock]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/f2_Abdi_Behravanfar/453870.html|title="فریاد فشرده" عبدی بهروانفر در روستای "شلمرود"|website=رادیو فردا|date=18 September 2011 |language=fa|access-date=2019-08-17 |last1=حسینی |first1=کیوان }}</ref>]] [[Alternative rock]] in Iran has a tumultuous history.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rooziato.com/139514531/%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b3%db%8c%d9%82%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%da%a9-%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%da%a9%d8%ac%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f/|title=موسیقی راک در ایران کجای راه است؟|date=9 August 2016|website=روزیاتو|access-date=2019-08-17}}</ref> Following, [[Abdi Behravanfar]], the [[O-Hum]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/476554/%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86|title=""شهرام شعرباف" درخواست لغو مجوز فعالیت رسمی خود را به دفتر موسیقی ارشاد ارائه کرد"|website=www.tabnak.ir|access-date=2019-08-17}}</ref> and [[Kian Pourtorab|Comment Band]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jamejamonline.ir/Nava/Artist/387/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87-%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA|title=جام جم نوا - گروه کامنت|website=jamejamonline.ir|access-date=2019-08-17}}</ref> groups began to make alternative works. Alternative bands, like other rock genres, operate underground in Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.starbino.com/16969/%d8%a8%db%8c%d9%88%da%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%db%8c-%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%af%db%8c-%d9%be%d8%a7%da%a9%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%af.html|title=بیوگرافی هادی پاکزاد و داستان زندگی شخصی همراه با عکس ها و تصاویر اینستاگرام|date=2018-08-21|website=مجله اینترنتی استاربینو|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-17}}</ref> Alternative rock bands with roots and blues, psychedelic, and [[garage rock]] influences created a thick and powerful sound making use of highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, high beats, and overall loudness.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.digikala.com/mag/podcast/%d8%a2%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%86%db%8c%d8%aa%db%8c%d9%88-%d8%b1%d8%a7%da%a9-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%ac/|title=ملوداین؛ آلترنیتیو راک در اوج {{!}} پادکست موسیقی دیجی‌کالا مگ|website=دیجی‌کالا مگ|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-17}}</ref> The lyrical themes of these groups are mostly related to the consequences of the mechanization of life,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://citizen7online.blogfa.com/post/71|title=نگاهی به تاریخچه موسیقی پاپ در ایران و جهان|website=[شهروند درجه هفت روی خط داغ]|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-17}}</ref> life and death,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fararu.com/fa/news/168374/%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7-%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9-%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85|title=رضا یزدانی: در ایران موسیقی راک نداریم|website=fararu.com|access-date=2019-08-17}}</ref> and protest against capitalist governments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://honaremusighi.com/downloads/%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%80-160/|title=شماره ۱۶۰|website=مجله هنر موسیقی|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-17}}</ref> The heavy rhythms and defiant lyrics made this style popular in Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mvideo.ir/play/video/6399471|title=نگاهی به تاریخچه موسیقی "راک" در ایران (فیلم)|website=www.mvideo.ir|access-date=2019-08-17|archive-date=2019-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817210947/https://www.mvideo.ir/play/video/6399471|url-status=dead}}</ref> B-band is one of the most influential bands of this genre and is considered a pioneer of Iranian alternative rock.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://b-bandmusic.com/b-band|title=B-band{{!}}بی‌بند - B-band{{!}}گروه|website=b-bandmusic.com|access-date=2019-08-17}}</ref> The music of bands like B-band incorporates traditional Iranian melodies as well as elements of jazz music. Their lyrics tend to speak of their own cultural and personal experiences, and reflect on the loneliness, hope and despair of the world at large.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://owrsi.com/%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d8%a8%db%8c-%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%af%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%b4%d8%af/|title=گروه بی بند دنباله دار شد|last=زاده|first=سیامک قلی|date=|website=مجله فرهنگی اورسی|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-17}}</ref> === Heavy Metal and Hard rock === [[File:Farshid Arabi.jpg|thumb|[[Farshid Arabi]], Iranian Heavy Metal singer.]] The inspiration for many of Iran's hard rock songs of the 1970s was bands like [[Metallica]], [[Cream (band)|Cream]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=رفاهیت|first=آنیتا|date=2009-05-16|title=بیوگرافی اریک کلاپتون ( Eric Clapton )|journal=بلاگ اسکای - سرویس رایگان وبلاگ فارسی|url=https://view.blogsky.com/1388/02/26/post-29/}}</ref> [[The Who]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/who-2010-2-8-firoozeh-83803632/149494.html|title=اجرای برنامه توسط گروه اسطوره ای "هو" در مسابقات نهایی فوتبال آمریکایی موسوم به "سوپر باول"|website=صدای آمریکا|date=8 February 2010 |language=fa|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> and above all [[The Jimi Hendrix Experience]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3-%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%BA%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%DA%86%D9%86%DA%AF-%D9%88-%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA/a-16407308|title=جیمی هندریکس؛ نابغه‌ای که با چنگ و دندان گیتار می‌نواخت {{!}} DW {{!}} 27.11.2012|website=DW.COM|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> With the victory of the [[Iranian Revolution]], heavy metal and hard rock in Iran disappeared for a while. After the 1979 Revolution, Iran engaged in an [[Iran–Iraq War|eight-year war]] with Iraq. It was at this time that some Iranian youths, led by Farshid Arabi, were playing unauthorized heavy metal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://seemorgh.com/culture/music/22256-22256/|title=توهین نکنید!! (با اولین خواننده هوی متال ایران)|website=سیمرغ|language=fa|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> Over time, Farshid Arabi formed a group called Silent Death and continued to operate underground.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://musicema.com/node/322679|title=فرشید اعرابی: دیگر نمی‌توانم موسیقی‌های سبک خودمان را گوش کنم|website=Musicema.com|language=fa|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> The most important source of inspiration for Farshid Arabi and his band was [[Black Sabbath]], which later became the source of inspiration for many Iranian metal bands.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gramatune.com/%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d9%84%d9%83-%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%ab-%d8%a2%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%85-13/|title=ترانه هاي بلك سبث (آلبوم 13)|date=2018-12-30|website=مجله آنلاین موسیقی راک ایران و جهان|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> By the beginning of the 1990s, heavy metal has grown in Iran and gained many fans and supporters. During this period, the works of the [[Grunge]] bands were sold underground in Iran, the works of [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]] group being the most popular and best-selling.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/arts-37505549|title=آلبوم 'بی خیال' گروه نیروانا ۲۵ ساله شد|date=2016-09-29|access-date=2019-09-01|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bartarinha.ir/fa/news/484244|title=کرت کوبین و گروه نیروانا؛ صدای نسل جوان دهه 90|last=زندگی|first=مجله اینترنتی برترین ها {{!}} پورتال خبری و سبک|date=|website=fa|language=fa|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> Many bands formed during this period in Iran such as Baramant,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baramant |url=https://houseno4.org/artists/baramant/ |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=House No.4 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kahtmayan, [[Angband (band)|Angband]], Mordab,<ref>{{Citation|title=آشنایی با گروه هوی متال مرداب| date=14 August 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pdyd0P_OeBg&list=UUzemqIhUWzZaBboykUSmLKA&index=1 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/Pdyd0P_OeBg |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Arsames (band)|Arsames]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.extreminal.com/extreminal/interview.asp?id=206|title=ARSAMES|website=Extreminal Web Magazine|access-date=2019-09-01|archive-date=2016-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307214425/http://www.extreminal.com/extreminal/interview.asp?id=206|url-status=dead}}</ref> and Master of Persia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/tarantist-heavymetal-band-iran-singer-arsh-rahbari/5043513.html|title=آلبوم جدید گروه هوی متال ایرانی "تارانتیست" با عنوان "رهبرنامه" منتشر شد|website=صدای آمریکا|date=15 August 2019 |language=fa|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> Heavy metal and hard rock music are illegal like many other rock styles in Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87-%D9%87%D9%88%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C/a-19064175|title=اتهام "توهین به مقدسات" علیه گروه هوی متال ایرانی {{!}} DW {{!}} 21.02.2016|website=DW.COM|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://persian.iranhumanrights.org/1398/05/confess-members-sentenced-nikan-siyanor-khosravi/|title=نیکان خسروی، عضو گروه موسیقی کانفس: از کشور خارج شدیم تا سال‌های جوانی را در زندان نگذرانیم|date=|website=کمپین حقوق بشر در ایران|access-date=2019-09-01}}</ref> but in recent years some bands like Gereh received permission to play concerts in Tehran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://arttalks.ir/%da%a9%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%aa-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%87/|title=کنسرت گروه گره|date=2017-04-25|website=آرت تاکس|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-09-22}}</ref> === Baramant === "Baramant" is an Iranian Metal band formed by Hamed Babaei and Amir Khoshharf in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baramant - Encyclopaedia Metallum: The Metal Archives |url=https://www.metal-archives.com/bands/Baramant/3540457414 |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=www.metal-archives.com}}</ref> Hamed Babaei explains that Baramant's concept has evolved through different periods, reflecting religious, intellectual, and emotional meanings. The band blends rock with oriental musical influences, emphasizing instrumental tracks centered around themes of death. Their performances include shows at the University of Tehran, the Tehran Independent Theater, and the Paliz Theater.<ref name="یک غلط‌خوانی تعمدی از بارِ امانت">{{Cite web |date=2017-04-22 |title=یک غلط‌خوانی تعمدی از "بارِ امانت" |url=https://www.isna.ir/news/96020200532/%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%B7-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=ایسنا |language=fa}}</ref> [[File:Baramant 2017.jpg|thumb|line up in 2017. Susan Soflaei, Hamed Babaei, Domim Sedaghat, and Amir Khoshharf (left to right) [http://www.baramant.com Baramant's] ]] Baramant was invited to a meeting held at Hanooz Publication to discuss rock music and the challenges and issues facing the genre in Iran.<ref name="یک غلط‌خوانی تعمدی از بارِ امانت"/> Studio Kargah was the designer of Baramant's first album, which was so successful that its cover art is now stored in the Museum of Design in Zurich.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=[in persischer Schrift] |url=https://www.emuseum.ch/objects/240699/in-persischer-schrift |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=www.emuseum.ch |language=en}}</ref> In 2017, Baramant released their first track, "Stillness," featuring cover art inspired by the artist [[Siyah Qalam|Siah Qalam]] the cover art.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=سکون |url=https://www.musicema.com/Baramant-Stillness |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=دانلود آهنگ - موسیقی ما |language=fa}}</ref> [[File:Baramant Homarg Poster.gif|thumb|Baramant's first album cover art stored in the museum of design Zurich <ref name=":4" />]] [[File:Stillnessness.jpg|thumb|Baramant cover art for the track of "Stillness".<ref name=":7" />]] [[File:OKFT.jpg|left|thumb|Baramant Live at Austrian Culture Forum house, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Live at ÖKFT 2017 – Baramant |url=https://baramant.com/live-at-okft-2017/ |access-date=2024-06-14 |language=en-US}}</ref>]] [[File:Angband (band) 2011.jpg|left|thumb|[[Angband (band)|Angband]], Power Metal band from Tehran]] === Hypernova and the globalization of Iranian rock music === [[File:Hypernova band members.jpg|thumb|[[Hypernova (band)|Hypernova]] From left to right: Jam, Kami, [[Kodi Najm]], [[King Raam]]|alt=|left]] [[Hypernova (band)|Hypernova]] was formed in 2006 by [[King Raam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1556532/meet-irans-hypernova-a-rock-band-from-a-country-that-arrests-rock-bands/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007080535/http://www.mtv.com/news/1556532/meet-irans-hypernova-a-rock-band-from-a-country-that-arrests-rock-bands/|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 7, 2014|title=Meet Iran's Hypernova: A Rock Band From A Country That Arrests Rock Bands|last=Kaufman|first=Gil|website=MTV News|language=en|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> This band can be called the flagship of Iranian rock, not only because it is Iranian but also accepted by some of the most famous rock bands in America.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bidoun.org/articles/don-t-believe-the-hypernova|title=Don't Believe the Hypernova: The making of an Iranian band|last=Bidoun|website=Bidoun|language=en|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shahrvand.com/archives/38549|title=گربه های ایرانی در تورنتو|date=2013-05-02|website=شهروند|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> Hypernova was the first Iranian rock band to make an album with an American music company.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://melodymag.com/2011/07/%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%86%d8%af%d9%87-%da%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%87-%d8%b1%d8%a7%da%a9-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%be%d8%b1%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b3%db%8c%d9%82%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%b2/|title=خواننده گروه راک هایپرنوا: موسیقی مرزها را در هم می‌شکند - مجله ملودی|last=samars|date=|website=مجله ملودی|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> King Raam and [[Kodi Najm]] are both successful singers who began their work with the band.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/sons-of-iranian-canadian-professor-seyed-emami-arrive-in-vancouver-mother-barred-from-leaving|title=Sons of Iranian-Canadian Prof. Seyed-Emami arrive in Vancouver|publisher=Vancouver Sun|first=Joanne|last=Lee-Young|date=2018-03-09|language=en|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranconcert.com/?concert=1801&t=%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B4%20%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%20%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%20*%20%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%80%D9%80%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%20%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%80%D9%80%D9%86%D9%87%20%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D9%80%D9%8A%20*%20(%20%D8%A8%D9%87%20%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D8%B2%20%20%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%20%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%20%D8%AA%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%20)|title=نمايش نامه خواني * گلريــزان صحــنه خالــي * ( به حمايت از هنرمندان سرطاني تئاتر )|website=ایران کنسرت|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11182793|title=Hypernova: Illegal Indie-Rock from Iran|website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> King Raam's father, Kavous Seyed-Emami, died in 2018 suspiciously, and King Raam left Iran permanently.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-43325633|title=ممانعت از خروج همسر کاووس سیدامامی از ایران؛ کانادا ابراز انزجار کرد|date=2018-03-08|access-date=2019-08-14|language=en-GB}}</ref>[[File:KioskSF.JPG|thumb|[[Kiosk (band)|Kiosk]] Band Running]] === Kiosk and political currents === [[File:Kiosk (band).jpg|left|thumb]] Kiosk has become the largest Iranian rock band during the following years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/arts/story/2005/07/050722_ad_kiosk.shtml|title=BBCPersian.com|website=www.bbc.com|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> The band strives to present critical and social songs in a different music format, with blues and jazz music being played.<ref>{{Citation|website=Deutsche Welle|title=تجربه‌های تازه کیوسک با "زنگ بزن آژانس" • گفت‌وگو |date=2014-06-08|url=https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%87-%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%B2%D9%86%DA%AF-%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%86-%D8%A2%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3-%DA%AF%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88/av-17824168|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/f35_kiosk_9th_album/27937275.html|title="کیوسک" با نهمین آلبوم؛ "استریو تال" از راه می‌رسد|website=رادیو فردا|date=22 August 2016 |language=fa|access-date=2019-08-14 |last1=رضی |first1=پیام }}</ref> Arash Sobhani is among thirty Iranians who have welcomed US President Donald Trump's tough stance against the Iranian government. The publication of the letter sparked a wave of criticism against the writers of the letter, and some condemned it as "traitor" or "homeland salesman." After the release of Ardalan Payvar broke his way from Arash Sobhani.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-features-38432620|title=#نامه_به_ترامپ؛ 'جاده آزادیخواهی از کجا می‌گذرد؟'|date=2016-12-25|access-date=2019-08-14|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%81%D9%82-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87-%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%86/a-3668881|title=حضور موفق گروه کیوسک در بن |date=2008-09-24|website=Deutsche Welle|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> The name of the band, [[Kiosk]], stems from the original formation of the group in Tehran, when its members gathered together in any possible makeshift space or “Kiosk” to play their music without fear of arrest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aslanmedia.com/music/mideast-music/35-music-artist-profile/253-rock-band-kiosk-confronts-iranian-cultural-angst|title=Web Page Under Construction|website=www.aslanmedia.com|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://doobeedoobeedoo.info/2014/10/01/concert-review-kiosk-leads-iranian-invasion-of-drom/|title=Concert Review: Kiosk Leads Iranian Invasion of Drom (NY)|last=Ladjevardi|first=Sohrab Saadat|website=DooBeeDooBeeDoo NY|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-14|archive-date=2019-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414121448/https://doobeedoobeedoo.info/2014/10/01/concert-review-kiosk-leads-iranian-invasion-of-drom/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Mohsen Namjoo and his influences on rock music === [[File:Atlanta- Mohsen Namjoo - JAZZNOT.com (063 of 124) (5892691573).jpg|thumb|[[Mohsen Namjoo]] Running]] [[File:Մոհսեն Նամջու.JPG|left|thumb|294x294px|Namjoo in concert in [[Illinois]].]] [[Mohsen Namjoo]] has introduced a lot of innovations in this style since 1993 when he entered Iranian rock music.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/arts/story/2006/06/060601_7thday-me-namjou.shtml|title=BBCPersian.com|website=www.bbc.com|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> Although she speaks boldly, she is very popular.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/iran/2009/09/090926_maf_iran_italia_mohsen_namjoo.shtml|title="آخ" اولین آلبوم محسن نامجو در خارج از ایران|last=فارسی|first=مریم افشنگ بی بی سی|website=BBC News فارسی|date=26 September 2009 |language=fa|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> An Iranian correspondent for ''The New York Times'' in Iran wrote that "some call him a sort of [[Bob Dylan]] of Iran".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/01/world/middleeast/01namjoo.html|title=Iran's Dylan on the Lute, With Songs of Sly Protest|last=Fathi|first=Nazila|date=2007-09-01|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-08-14|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In fall 2014, Namjoo taught “Revolution and Poets: Content and Form in Iranian Poetry.” Organized by Middle East Studies, Brown, he took part in a panel discussion on Protest Music/ Music Performance and Social Change on Thursday, November 13, as well as taking the lead on assembling a couple of Iranian bands, banned from playing in their own country, who came together for the first time in an Iranian Music Festival titled “Iran Underground” on November 15 at RISD Auditorium. The event was part of Brown's 250th Anniversary events.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/iran/2009/07/090713_maf_iran_namjoo.shtml|title=BBC {{rlo}}فارسی{{popdf}} - {{rlo}}ايران{{popdf}} - {{rlo}}محسن نامجو: ديگر معذرت‌خواهى نمى‌كنم{{popdf}}|website=www.bbc.com|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/interactivity/2009/09/090914_userphoto_namjoo_golshifteh.shtml|title=BBC {{rlo}}فارسی{{popdf}} - {{rlo}}صدای شما{{popdf}} - {{rlo}}کنسرت محسن نامجو و گلشیفته فراهانی در ونیز{{popdf}}|website=www.bbc.com|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> Mohsen Namjoo's particular style has not been able to be critically criticized because of his lack of familiarity with the basics of music. On one or two occasions, Mohsen Namjoo's supporters were criticized inside Iran, and the hearings were forced to be canceled, and Mohsen Namjoo himself was silent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hamshahrionline.ir:80/news-46283.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080450/http://www.hamshahrionline.ir/news-46283.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-01-17|title=گزارش همشهری‌آنلاین از سیزدهمین نشست نقد نغمه|date=2012-01-17|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> By reading verses from the Qur'an ([[Ash-Shams|suras al-Shams]]), Namjoo made allergies to himself. Some websites reported Namjoo's conviction by the Tehran General Court to five years in prison for insulting the sacred, mockery of the Qur'anic verses (Shams' song) and defaming the Muslim Bible. In an interview with the [[BBC]], he did not rule out a reporter's possibility of linking the conviction to his recent work, including a desert clip (which he presented to protesters during the [[2009 Iranian presidential election|2009 presidential election]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://persiandutch.com/2016/10/07/nederlandse-blazers-ensemble-mohsen-namjoo-en-sahand-saheb-divani-foto-video/|title=Nederlandse Blazers Ensemble, Mohsen Namjoo en Sahand Saheb-Divani (Foto & Video) {{!}} Persian Dutch Network {{!}} شبکه ایرانیان هلند|date=6 October 2016 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mohsennamjoo.com/bio|title=Bio|website=Mohsen Namjoo|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/arts/story/2007/09/070911_an-namjoo.shtml|title=BBCPersian.com|website=www.bbc.com|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> === Kaveh Afagh and Iranian pop rock === [[File:Kaveh Afagh.jpg|left|thumb]] [[Kaveh Afagh]] was part of The Ways band but left in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.musicepars.com/%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%87-%d8%a2%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%85%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%85%d8%8c-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2-%d9%87%d9%85-%d9%85%db%8c-%da%af%db%8c%d8%b1/|title=کاوه آفاق : ایران می مانم، مجوز هم می گیرم، کنسرت هم می گذارم|last=hatef|date=2013-07-06|website=سايت خبری تحليلی موسيقی پارس :: اخبار موسيقی :: گزارش کنسرت|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080055/http://www.musicepars.com/%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%87-%d8%a2%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%85%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%85%d8%8c-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%b2-%d9%87%d9%85-%d9%85%db%8c-%da%af%db%8c%d8%b1/|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1392/05/27/119834/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA|title=پنجمین جشنواره موسیقی مقاومت برگزیدگان خود را شناخت- اخبار فرهنگی - اخبار تسنیم - Tasnim|website=خبرگزاری تسنیم - Tasnim|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.isna.ir/news/95080201570/از-کاوه-آفاق-تا-412-مستند-پرتره-متقاضی-حقیقت|title=از کاوه آفاق تا 412 مستند پرتره متقاضی حقیقت|date=2016-10-23|website=ایسنا|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinemapress.ir/news/93568/کاوه-آفاق-تیتراژ-سریال-شبکه-را-می-خواند|title=کاوه آفاق تیتراژ سریال "شبکه" را می خواند|date=2018-01-29|website=اخبار سینمای ایران و جهان - سینماپرس|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212142121/http://cinemapress.ir/news/93568/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87-%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%98-%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF|archive-date=2018-02-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> Afagh is the first rock singer in post-Islamic Revolution Iran to obtain an activity license, which he obtained after being banned for ten years from performing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://idealmusic.ir/%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c-%da%a9%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%87-%d8%a2%d9%81/|title=مراسم رونمایی از کتاب ترانه های کاوه آفاق برگزار شد / " تهران ۵۷ " در آذر ۹۶ رونمایی شد|date= |website=.:: موسیقی ایده آل ::.|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413033349/http://idealmusic.ir/%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c-%da%a9%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%87-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%87-%d8%a2%d9%81/|archive-date=2019-04-13|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.isna.ir/news/96040301273/کاوه-آفاق-موسیقی-تئاتر-می-سازد|title=کاوه آفاق موسیقی تئاتر می‌سازد|date=2017-06-24|website=ایسنا|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> He remains one of the country's most prominent rock singers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1396/02/22/1404408/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9-%DB%8C%D8%B9%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82-%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%A2%D9%86-%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B4-300-%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%DA%A9%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D9%87-%DA%A9%D8%AC%D8%A7|title="راک" یعنی آفاق نه آن که بلیتش 300 هزار تومان است / ببین تفاوت ره از کجاست تا به کجا- اخبار فرهنگی - اخبار تسنیم - Tasnim|website=خبرگزاری تسنیم - Tasnim|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> Aside from his music, Afagh has also exhibited his artwork in several art galleries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.honaronline.ir/Section-visual-4/102103-painting-exhibit-by-kaveh-afagh-at-sales-gallery|title=Painting exhibit by Kaveh Afagh at Sales Gallery|website=Honaronline|language=en|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> He has performed many concerts abroad and in Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.honaronline.ir/بخش-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-3/26564-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87-%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7|title=استقبال از کاوه آفاق در ˝درخت بلوط˝|website=خبرگزاری هنر ایران|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622140208/http://www.honaronline.ir/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-3/26564-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87-%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7|archive-date=2018-06-22|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://musicema.com/node/259575|title=آلبوم "با قرص‌ها می‌رقصد" با صدای "کاوه آفاق" منتشر شد|website=Musicema.com|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> Kaveh Afagh song collection "Tehran-57" has been released as the first Persian rock song collection in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://musicema.com/node/178801|title="کاوه آفاق" در "خاکستری" بازی می کند|website=Musicema.com|language=fa|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> Kaveh performed a selection of his songs for the first time on the Milad Tower Stage for the first time at the Resistance 92 Festival and eventually received the festival's first prize in live performance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://photokade.com/%d8%a8%db%8c%d9%88%da%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%81%db%8c-%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%87-%d8%a2%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%b9%da%a9%d8%b3-%d8%ac%d8%af%db%8c%d8%af/|title=بیوگرافی کاوه آفاق خواننده + زندگی شخصی و همسرش|date=2018-08-01|access-date=2019-08-14}}</ref> ==See also== * [[Music of Iran]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070514033626/http://www.mtv.com/overdrive/?id=1556595&vid=142229 MTV report: Iranian band Hypernova tours in New York City] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/arts/story/2004/12/041211_ag-ohum-concert.shtml BBC Report on O-Hum's first state sanctioned public concert] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3471841.stm BBC: "Fresh Iranian bands ready to rock"] * [https://www.theguardian.com/iran/story/0,12858,1554334,00.html?gusrc=rss The Guardian: Rock bands struggling to be heard in Iran] * [http://www.csmonitor.com/2003/1001/p01s04-wome.html Christian Science Monitor: "You say you want a revolution? Iran bands rock on."] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051213212230/http://www.bostonphoenix.com/boston/news_features/this_just_in/documents/05015356.asp The Boston Phoenix: "IRAN SO FAR AWAY: Tehran rockers 127 make it to America at last"] {{Iranian rock}}{{World rock}} {{rock}}{{Portal bar|Rock music|Iran}} [[Category:Music scenes]] [[Category:Iranian rock music| ]] [[Category:Iranian styles of music|Rock]] [[Category:20th-century music genres]] [[Category:1960s in music]] [[Category:Rock music genres]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ambox" title="Template:Ambox">Template:Ambox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Ambox&action=edit" title="Template:Ambox">view source</a>) (template 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