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ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Liquido rootpage-Liquido skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vai al contenuto</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu principale" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigazione </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principale" title="Visita la pagina principale [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principale</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:UltimeModifiche" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche del sito [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ultime modifiche</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PaginaCasuale" title="Mostra una pagina a caso [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una voce a caso</span></a></li><li id="n-nearby-pages-title" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:NelleVicinanze"><span>Nelle vicinanze</span></a></li><li id="n-vetrina" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vetrina"><span>Vetrina</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Aiuto" title="Pagine di aiuto"><span>Aiuto</span></a></li><li id="n-Sportello-informazioni" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Sportello_informazioni"><span>Sportello informazioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunità" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunità" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunità </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portale:Comunit%C3%A0" title="Descrizione del progetto, cosa puoi fare, dove trovare le cose"><span>Portale Comunità</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bar"><span>Bar</span></a></li><li id="n-wikipediano" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipediano"><span>Il Wikipediano</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a 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value="Speciale:Ricerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ricerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Strumenti personali"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifica la dimensione, la larghezza e il colore del testo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspetto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspetto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Liquido" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Liquido" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu 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mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Proprietà" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietà"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Proprietà</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proprietà-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caratteristiche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caratteristiche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Caratteristiche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caratteristiche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applicazioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applicazioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Applicazioni</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Applicazioni-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Applicazioni</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Applicazioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lubrificazione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lubrificazione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Lubrificazione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lubrificazione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solvatazione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solvatazione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Solvatazione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solvatazione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Raffreddamento" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raffreddamento"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Raffreddamento</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raffreddamento-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cottura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cottura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Cottura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cottura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distillazione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distillazione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Distillazione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distillazione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Idraulica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idraulica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Idraulica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Idraulica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metalli_liquidi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metalli_liquidi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Metalli liquidi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metalli_liquidi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Varie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Varie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Liquido</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 133 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-133" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">133 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vloeistof" title="Vloeistof - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vloeistof" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%BCssigkeit" title="Flüssigkeit - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Flüssigkeit" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquido" title="Liquido - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Liquido" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5" title="द्रव - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="द्रव" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84" title="سائل - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سائل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84" title="سايل - arabo marocchino" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="سايل" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabo marocchino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84" title="سايل - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سايل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5" title="তৰল পদাৰ্থ - assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তৰল পদাৰ্থ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADquidu" title="Líquidu - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Líquidu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maye" title="Maye - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maye" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B9" title="مایع - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مایع" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%A1%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Шыйыҡса - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Шыйыҡса" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C4%ABstis" title="Skīstis - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Skīstis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likido" title="Likido - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Likido" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Вадкасць - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вадкасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Вадкасьць - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вадкасьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Течност - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Течност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2" title="তরল - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তরল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%C4%8Dnost" title="Tečnost - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tečnost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Шэнгэн - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Шэнгэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADquid" title="Líquid - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Líquid" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%ACk-t%C4%81%CC%A4" title="Ĭk-tā̤ - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ĭk-tā̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likido" title="Likido - cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Likido" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%84%DB%95" title="شلە - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شلە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapalina" title="Kapalina - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kapalina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%C4%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Шĕвек - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шĕвек" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylif" title="Hylif - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hylif" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A6ske" title="Væske - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Væske" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%BCssigkeit" title="Flüssigkeit - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Flüssigkeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B3%CF%81%CF%8C" title="Υγρό - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υγρό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Liquid" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likvo" title="Likvo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Likvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADquido" title="Líquido - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Líquido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedelik" title="Vedelik - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vedelik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likido" title="Likido - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Likido" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B9" title="مایع - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مایع" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neste" title="Neste - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Neste" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedel%C3%BCs" title="Vedelüs - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vedelüs" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waini" title="Waini - figiano" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Waini" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquide" title="Liquide - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liquide" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4%C3%A4sk" title="Wääsk - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wääsk" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leacht" title="Leacht - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADquido" title="Líquido - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Líquido" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%80" title="પ્રવાહી - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પ્રવાહી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushlaght" title="Ushlaght - mannese" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ushlaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi%CC%8Dt-th%C3%AD" title="Yi̍t-thí - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yi̍t-thí" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%96%D7%9C" title="נוזל - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נוזל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5" title="द्रव - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="द्रव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Liquid" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teku%C4%87ine" title="Tekućine - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tekućine" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likid" title="Likid - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Likid" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folyad%C3%A9k" title="Folyadék - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Folyadék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF" title="Հեղուկ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հեղուկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquido" title="Liquido - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Liquido" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairan" title="Cairan - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cairan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquide" title="Liquide - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Liquide" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquido" title="Liquido - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Liquido" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B6kvi" title="Vökvi - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vökvi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E4%BD%93" title="液体 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="液体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94" title="სითხე - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სითხე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazzal" title="Amazzal - cabilo" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Amazzal" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Сұйықтық - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сұйықтық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B5" title="ದ್ರವ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದ್ರವ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A1%EC%B2%B4" title="액체 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="액체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eile" title="Şile - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şile" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%8E%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Суюктук - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Суюктук" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidum" title="Liquidum - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Liquidum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vleujstof" title="Vleujstof - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vleujstof" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Liquid" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bom%C3%A1i" title="Bomái - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bomái" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skystis" title="Skystis - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Skystis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C4%B7idrums" title="Šķidrums - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šķidrums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranoka" title="Ranoka - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ranoka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Течност - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Течност" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="ദ്രാവകം - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദ്രാവകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Шингэн - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шингэн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5" title="द्रव - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="द्रव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecair" title="Cecair - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cecair" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA" title="အရည် - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အရည်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletigkeit" title="Fletigkeit - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Fletigkeit" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2" title="तरल - nepalese" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तरल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="ति - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ति" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vloeistof" title="Vloeistof - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vloeistof" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A6ske" title="Væske - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Væske" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A6ske" title="Væske - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Væske" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquide" title="Liquide - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Liquide" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Liquid" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhangala%27oo" title="Dhangala'oo - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Dhangala'oo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2" title="ਤਰਲ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਰਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciecz" title="Ciecz - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ciecz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9" title="مائع - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مائع" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B9" title="مايع - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مايع" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADquido" title="Líquido - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Líquido" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puriqlla" title="Puriqlla - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Puriqlla" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichid" title="Lichid - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lichid" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Жидкость - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Жидкость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statu_liquitu" title="Statu liquitu - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Statu liquitu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B9" title="مايع - sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مايع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%C4%8Dno_agregatno_stanje" title="Tečno agregatno stanje - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tečno agregatno stanje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80" title="ද්‍රව - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ද්‍රව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Liquid" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvapalina" title="Kvapalina - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kvapalina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapljevina" title="Kapljevina - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kapljevina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutuvi" title="Mutuvi - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mutuvi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dareere" title="Dareere - somalo" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dareere" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ABngu" title="Lëngu - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lëngu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Течност - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Течност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacai" title="Cacai - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Cacai" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4tska" title="Vätska - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vätska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiowevu" title="Kiowevu - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiowevu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நீர்மம் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நீர்மம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82" title="ద్రవం - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ద్రవం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%8A" title="Моеъ - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Моеъ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7" title="ของเหลว - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ของเหลว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likido" title="Likido - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Likido" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1v%C4%B1" title="Sıvı - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sıvı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1y%C4%B1ql%C4%B1q" title="Sıyıqlıq - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Sıyıqlıq" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рідина - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рідина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9" title="مائع - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مائع" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suyuqlik" title="Suyuqlik - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Suyuqlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ACcuido" title="Lìcuido - veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Lìcuido" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nozoluz" title="Nozoluz - vepso" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Nozoluz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_l%E1%BB%8Fng" title="Chất lỏng - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chất lỏng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vloeistoffe" title="Vloeistoffe - fiammingo occidentale" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Vloeistoffe" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="fiammingo occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likido" title="Likido - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Likido" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yolaakon" title="Yolaakon - wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Yolaakon" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E4%BD%93" title="液体 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="液体" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98" title="פליסיקייט - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פליסיקייט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E4%BD%93" title="液体 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="液体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E9%AB%94" title="液體 - cinese classico" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="液體" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="cinese classico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%CC%8Dk-th%C3%A9" title="E̍k-thé - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="E̍k-thé" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E9%AB%94" title="液體 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="液體" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uketshezi" title="Uketshezi - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Uketshezi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11435#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130658281">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote.nota-disambigua{clear:both;margin-top:0;padding:.05em .5em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Liquido_(disambigua)" class="mw-disambig" title="Liquido (disambigua)">Liquido (disambigua)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2006-01-28_Drop-impact.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/2006-01-28_Drop-impact.jpg/250px-2006-01-28_Drop-impact.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/2006-01-28_Drop-impact.jpg/375px-2006-01-28_Drop-impact.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/2006-01-28_Drop-impact.jpg/500px-2006-01-28_Drop-impact.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1776" data-file-height="1708" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Il <b>liquido</b> è uno degli <a href="/wiki/Stato_della_materia" title="Stato della materia">stati della materia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proprietà"><span id="Propriet.C3.A0"></span>Proprietà</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Proprietà" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Proprietà"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le sue proprietà principali sono: </p> <ul><li><i>fluidità</i>: un liquido è un <a href="/wiki/Fluido" title="Fluido">fluido</a> che in assenza di forze esterne tra cui quella di gravità, ha una <a href="/wiki/Figura_(geometria)" title="Figura (geometria)">forma</a> sferica. I liquidi, a causa della limitata forza di <a href="/wiki/Coesione" title="Coesione">coesione</a> fra le molecole, sono scorrevoli, cioè <i>fluidi</i>. Si dice quindi che "non hanno forma propria".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ciononostante, non tutti i liquidi sono egualmente fluidi, così si dice che l'etere è più fluido dell'acqua o anche che l'acqua è più <a href="/wiki/Viscosit%C3%A0" title="Viscosità">viscosa</a> dell'etere.</li> <li><i>elasticità</i>: i liquidi sono molto <i>elastici</i>, cioè si deformano facilmente sotto l'azione di una forza e riprendono immediatamente la forma primitiva appena cessa l'azione della forza deformatrice.</li> <li><i>incomprimibilità</i>: un liquido è un fluido il cui <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a> è costante a <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pressione" title="Pressione">pressione</a> costanti; la comprimibilità dei liquidi è in genere molto bassa, e trascurabile se confrontata a quella dei <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a>, quindi i liquidi sono considerati incomprimibili.<br />Anche se hanno un coefficiente di comprimibilità che varia in funzione della natura del liquido stesso, alcuni di questi liquidi come l'acqua sono stati testati a pressioni fino a 10.000 bar dando variazioni molto piccole, invece altri come gli idrocarburi hanno sensibili variazioni con pressioni di 100 bar.</li></ul> <p>Generalmente, una sostanza allo stato liquido è meno densa che allo stato solido, ma un'importante eccezione è costituita dall'<a href="/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua">acqua</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caratteristiche">Caratteristiche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Caratteristiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Caratteristiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_Lava_lamp.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Blue_Lava_lamp.JPG/220px-Blue_Lava_lamp.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Blue_Lava_lamp.JPG/330px-Blue_Lava_lamp.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Blue_Lava_lamp.JPG/440px-Blue_Lava_lamp.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2529" data-file-height="3293" /></a><figcaption>Una <a href="/wiki/Lava_lamp" title="Lava lamp">lampada a lava</a> contiene due liquidi immiscibili (una cera fusa e una soluzione acquosa) che creano movimento per convezione. Oltre alla superficie superiore, si formano anche superfici tra i liquidi, richiedendo un interruttore di tensione per ricombinare le gocce di cera sul fondo.</figcaption></figure> <p>Le molecole o atomi che costituiscono il liquido interagiscono fra loro, sebbene non fortemente come nel <a href="/wiki/Solido" title="Solido">solido</a>. Non sono fra loro in posizioni fisse ma "scorrono" gli uni sugli altri, sebbene si ipotizzi l'esistenza di cluster o gabbie relativamente stabili, in liquidi dai forti legami intermolecolari come l'acqua. </p><p>I liquidi si distinguono in: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volatilit%C3%A0_(chimica)" title="Volatilità (chimica)">volatili</a> (ad esempio il <a href="/wiki/Benzene" title="Benzene">benzene</a> o il <a href="/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo">bromo</a>), dove i legami fra le molecole costituenti il liquido sono deboli</li> <li>non volatili (come il <a href="/wiki/Mercurio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Mercurio (elemento chimico)">mercurio</a>), dove i legami fra le molecole costituenti il liquido sono forti</li></ul> <p>In un <a href="/wiki/Campo_gravitazionale" title="Campo gravitazionale">campo gravitazionale</a> costante, come approssimativamente accade sulla superficie terrestre, la pressione in un liquido fermo è pari a </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p=p_{0}+\rho gz\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>ρ</mi> <mi>g</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p=p_{0}+\rho gz\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ed2c765d3efaf07ba9a4597d85b24aae455e8c0a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:13.215ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p=p_{0}+\rho gz\,\!}"></span></dd></dl> <p>dove <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rho }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ρ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rho }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f7d439671d1289b6a816e6af7a304be40608d64" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.202ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rho }"></span> è la <a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A0" title="Densità">densità</a> del liquido (che si suppone uniforme) e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>z</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}"></span> è la profondità del punto considerato, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p_{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p_{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2b969ada68a88e2aeba9a2d2096abaf1fd53c21d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:2.313ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p_{0}}"></span> la pressione alla superficie libera e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>g</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d3556280e66fe2c0d0140df20935a6f057381d77" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.116ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g}"></span> l'<a href="/wiki/Accelerazione_di_gravit%C3%A0" title="Accelerazione di gravità">accelerazione di gravità</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applicazioni">Applicazioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Applicazioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Applicazioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lubrificazione">Lubrificazione</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Lubrificazione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Lubrificazione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Tribologia" title="Tribologia">Tribologia</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>I liquidi sono utili come <a href="/wiki/Lubrificante" title="Lubrificante">lubrificante</a> a causa della loro capacità di formare uno strato sottile e liberamente scorrevole tra materiali solidi. Lubrificanti come l'olio vengono scelti per la <a href="/wiki/Viscosit%C3%A0" title="Viscosità">viscosità</a> e le caratteristiche di flusso che sono adatte a tutto l'intervallo di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura_operativa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temperatura operativa (la pagina non esiste)">temperatura operativa</a> del componente. Gli oli sono spesso utilizzati nei motori, nelle <a href="/wiki/Trasmissione_(meccanica)" title="Trasmissione (meccanica)">scatole del cambio</a>, nell'<a href="/wiki/Lavorazione_dei_metalli" title="Lavorazione dei metalli">lavorazione dei metalli</a> e nei sistemi idraulici per le loro buone proprietà di lubrificazione.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solvatazione">Solvatazione</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Solvatazione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Solvatazione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Molti liquidi vengono utilizzati come <a href="/wiki/Solventi" class="mw-redirect" title="Solventi">solventi</a>, per sciogliere altri liquidi o solidi. <a href="/wiki/Soluzione_(chimica)" title="Soluzione (chimica)">Soluzioni</a> si trovano in una vasta gamma di applicazioni, tra cui <a href="/wiki/Vernici" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernici">vernici</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigillante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigillante (la pagina non esiste)">sigillanti</a> e <a href="/wiki/Adesivo_(sostanza)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adesivo (sostanza)">adesivi</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta">Nafta</a> e <a href="/wiki/Acetone" title="Acetone">acetone</a> sono spesso utilizzati nell'industria per pulire olio, grasso e catrame da parti e macchinari. I fluidi corporei sono soluzioni a base d'acqua. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Surfattante" class="mw-redirect" title="Surfattante">Surfattante</a> sono comunemente presenti in saponi e <a href="/wiki/Detersivi" class="mw-redirect" title="Detersivi">detersivi</a>. Solventi come l'alcol vengono spesso utilizzati come <a href="/wiki/Antimicrobico" title="Antimicrobico">antimicrobicos</a>. Si trovano in cosmetici, <a href="/wiki/Inchiostrazione" class="mw-redirect" title="Inchiostrazione">inchiostri</a> e <a href="/wiki/Laser_a_coloranti" title="Laser a coloranti">laser a coloranti liquidi</a>. Sono utilizzati nell'industria alimentare, in processi come l'estrazione di <a href="/wiki/Olio_vegetale" title="Olio vegetale">olio vegetale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Raffreddamento">Raffreddamento</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Raffreddamento" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Raffreddamento"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Raffreddamento_ad_acqua" class="mw-redirect" title="Raffreddamento ad acqua">Raffreddamento ad acqua</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>I liquidi tendono ad avere una migliore <a href="/wiki/Conduttivit%C3%A0_termica" class="mw-redirect" title="Conduttività termica">conduttività termica</a> rispetto ai gas e la capacità di fluire rende un liquido adatto per rimuovere il calore in eccesso dai componenti meccanici. Il calore può essere rimosso convogliando il liquido attraverso uno <a href="/wiki/Scambiatore_di_calore" title="Scambiatore di calore">scambiatore di calore</a>, come un <a href="/wiki/Raffreddamento_a_liquido" title="Raffreddamento a liquido">radiatore</a>, oppure il calore può essere rimosso con il liquido durante l'<a href="/wiki/Evaporazione" title="Evaporazione">evaporazione</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Refrigeranti a base di acqua o <a href="/wiki/Glicole" class="mw-redirect" title="Glicole">glicole</a> vengono utilizzati per evitare il surriscaldamento dei motori.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I refrigeranti utilizzati nei <a href="/wiki/Reattore_nucleare" title="Reattore nucleare">reattore nucleare</a> includono acqua o metalli liquidi, come il <a href="/wiki/Sodio" title="Sodio">sodio</a> o il <a href="/wiki/Bismuto" title="Bismuto">bismuto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Film di <a href="/wiki/Propellente_liquido" title="Propellente liquido">propellente liquido</a> vengono utilizzati per raffreddare le camere di spinta dei <a href="/wiki/Razzo" title="Razzo">razzoi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nellalavorazione, acqua e oli vengono utilizzati per rimuovere il calore in eccesso generato, il che può rovinare rapidamente sia il pezzo di lavoro che gli utensili. Durante la <a href="/wiki/Sudorazione" title="Sudorazione">sudorazione</a>, il sudore rimuove il calore dal corpo umano per evaporazione. Nell'industria dell'<a href="/wiki/HVAC" title="HVAC">riscaldamento, ventilazione e condizionamento dell'aria</a> (HVAC), liquidi come l'acqua vengono utilizzati per trasferire il calore da un'area all'altra.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cottura">Cottura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Cottura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Cottura"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I liquidi sono spesso utilizzati in <a href="/wiki/Cucina_(attivit%C3%A0)" title="Cucina (attività)">cucina</a> grazie alle loro eccellenti capacità di trasferimento del calore. Oltre alla conduzione termica, i liquidi trasmettono energia per convezione. In particolare, poiché i fluidi più caldi si espandono e si alzano mentre le aree più fredde si contraggono e affondano, i liquidi con bassa <a href="/wiki/Viscosit%C3%A0_cinematica" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscosità cinematica">viscosità cinematica</a> tendono a trasferire il calore attraverso la <a href="/wiki/Convezione" title="Convezione">convezione</a> a una temperatura abbastanza costante, rendendo il liquido adatto per sbianchire, <a href="/wiki/Ebollizione" title="Ebollizione">ebollizione</a> o <a href="/wiki/Frittura" title="Frittura">frittura</a>. Ancor più elevate velocità di trasferimento di calore possono essere raggiunte mediante la condensazione di un gas in un liquido. Al punto di ebollizione del liquido, tutta l'energia termica è utilizzata per causare il cambiamento di fase da liquido a gas, senza un aumento concomitante della temperatura, ed è immagazzinata come <a href="/wiki/Energia_potenziale" title="Energia potenziale">energia potenziale chimica</a>. Quando il gas si condensa nuovamente in un liquido, questa energia termica in eccesso viene rilasciata a una temperatura costante. Questo fenomeno è utilizzato in processi come la <a href="/wiki/Vaporizzazione" title="Vaporizzazione">vaporizzazione</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distillazione">Distillazione</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Distillazione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Distillazione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Poiché i liquidi spesso hanno diversi punti di ebollizione, miscele o soluzioni di liquidi o gas possono essere generalmente separate mediante <a href="/wiki/Distillazione" title="Distillazione">distillazione</a>, utilizzando calore, freddo, <a href="/wiki/Vuoto_(fisica)" title="Vuoto (fisica)">vuoto</a>, pressione o altri mezzi. La distillazione può essere trovata in tutto, dalla produzione di <a href="/wiki/Bevande_alcoliche" class="mw-redirect" title="Bevande alcoliche">bevande alcoliche</a>, alle <a href="/wiki/Raffineria_di_petrolio" title="Raffineria di petrolio">raffinerie del petrolio</a>, alla <a href="/wiki/Separazione_dell%27aria" class="mw-redirect" title="Separazione dell'aria">distillazione criogenica</a> di gas come <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ossigeno" title="Ossigeno">ossigeno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto">azoto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a> o <a href="/wiki/Xeno" title="Xeno">xeno</a> per <a href="/wiki/Liquefazione" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquefazione">liquefazione</a> (raffreddandoli al di sotto dei rispettivi punti di ebollizione).<sup id="cite_ref-Earle1983_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Earle1983-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Idraulica">Idraulica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Idraulica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Idraulica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il liquido è il componente principale dei sistemi <a href="/wiki/Idraulica" title="Idraulica">idraulici</a>, che sfruttano il <a href="/wiki/Principio_di_Pascal" class="mw-redirect" title="Principio di Pascal">principio di Pascal</a> per fornire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potenza_fluida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potenza fluida (la pagina non esiste)">potenza fluida</a>. Dispositivi come <a href="/wiki/Pompa" title="Pompa">pompa</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ruota_idraulica" title="Ruota idraulica">ruote idrauliche</a> sono stati utilizzati fin dai tempi antichi per trasformare il movimento del liquido in <a href="/wiki/Lavoro_meccanico" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavoro meccanico">lavoro meccanico</a>. Gli oli sono spinti attraverso <a href="/wiki/Pompa_idraulica" class="mw-redirect" title="Pompa idraulica">pompe idrauliche</a>, che trasmettono questa forza ai <a href="/wiki/Cilindro_idraulico" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilindro idraulico">cylinderi idraulici</a>. L'idraulica si trova in molte applicazioni, come <a href="/wiki/Freno" title="Freno">freni automobilistici</a> e <a href="/wiki/Trasmissione_(meccanica)" title="Trasmissione (meccanica)">trasmissioni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macchine_movimento_terra" title="Macchine movimento terra">macchinari pesanti</a> e sistemi di controllo degli aeroplani. Vari <a href="/wiki/Pressa_idraulica" title="Pressa idraulica">presse idrauliche</a> sono ampiamente utilizzate nella riparazione e nella produzione, per sollevare, premere, stringere e formare.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metalli_liquidi">Metalli liquidi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Metalli liquidi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Metalli liquidi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I metalli liquidi presentano diverse proprietà utili nella <a href="/wiki/Sensori" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensori">sensoristica</a> e nell'<a href="/wiki/Attuatori" class="mw-redirect" title="Attuatori">attuazione</a>, in particolare la loro <a href="/wiki/Conduttivit%C3%A0_elettrica" title="Conduttività elettrica">conduttività elettrica</a> e la capacità di trasmettere forze (incompressibilità). Come sostanze a flusso libero, i metalli liquidi mantengono queste proprietà anche sotto deformazione estrema. Per questo motivo, sono stati proposti per l'uso in robot flessibili e <a href="/wiki/Dispositivo_indossabile" title="Dispositivo indossabile">dispositivi sanitari indossabili</a>, che devono essere in grado di funzionare sotto deformazioni ripetute.<sup id="cite_ref-Dickey2017_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickey2017-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ColeKhoshmaneshTang2021_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ColeKhoshmaneshTang2021-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Il metallo <a href="/wiki/Gallio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Gallio (elemento chimico)">gallio</a> è considerato un candidato promettente per queste applicazioni in quanto è liquido a temperatura ambiente, ha bassa tossicità ed evaporazione lenta.<sup id="cite_ref-TangTaborKalantar-ZadehDickey2021_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TangTaborKalantar-ZadehDickey2021-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Varie">Varie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Varie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Varie"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I liquidi vengono talvolta utilizzati in dispositivi di misurazione. Un <a href="/wiki/Termometro" title="Termometro">termometro</a> spesso utilizza l'<a href="/wiki/Espansione_termica" class="mw-redirect" title="Espansione termica">espansione termica</a> dei liquidi, come il <a href="/wiki/Mercurio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Mercurio (elemento chimico)">mercurio</a>, combinata con la loro capacità di fluire per indicare la temperatura. Un <a href="/wiki/Manometro" title="Manometro">manometro</a> utilizza il peso del liquido per indicare la <a href="/wiki/Pressione_atmosferica" title="Pressione atmosferica">pressione dell'aria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La superficie libera di un liquido in rotazione forma un <a href="/wiki/Paraboloide" title="Paraboloide">paraboloide</a> circolare e può quindi essere utilizzata come <a href="/wiki/Telescopio" title="Telescopio">telescopio</a>. Questi sono noti come <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telescopi_a_specchio_liquido&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telescopi a specchio liquido (la pagina non esiste)">telescopi a specchio liquido</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hickson1994_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hickson1994-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sono significativamente più economici rispetto ai telescopi convenzionali,<sup id="cite_ref-Hickson2007_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hickson2007-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ma possono solo puntare dritto verso l'alto (<a href="/wiki/Telescopio_zenitale" title="Telescopio zenitale">telescopio al zenit</a>). Una scelta comune per il liquido è il mercurio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFRolla">Rolla</a>, p. 96</cite>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Theo Mang, Wilfried Dressel <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UTdfxf2rkNcC&">’’Lubricants and lubrication’’</a>, Wiley-VCH 2007 <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/3-527-31497-0" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/3-527-31497-0">ISBN 3-527-31497-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">George Wypych <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NzhUTvUkpDQC&pg=PA847">’’Handbook of solvents’’</a> William Andrew Publishing 2001 pp. 847–881 <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/1-895198-24-0" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/1-895198-24-0">ISBN 1-895198-24-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">N. B. Vargaftik ’’Handbook of thermal conductivity of liquids and gases’’ CRC Press 1994 <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-8493-9345-0" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-8493-9345-0">ISBN 0-8493-9345-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Jack Erjavec <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U4TBoJB2zgsC&pg=PA309">’’Automotive technology: a systems approach’’</a> Delmar Learning 2000 p. 309 <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/1-4018-4831-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/1-4018-4831-1">ISBN 1-4018-4831-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Gerald Wendt ’’The prospects of nuclear power and technology’’ D. Van Nostrand Company 1957 p. 266</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> Markland, Thomas E.; Ceriotti, Michele, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://autooilandfluid.com/16-9-fluid-oz/"><span style="font-style:italic;">16.9 oz to ml</span></a>, il 26 gennaio 2017.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">’’Modern engineering for design of liquid-propellant rocket engines’’ di Dieter K. Huzel, David H. Huang – American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1992 p. 99 <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/1-56347-013-6" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/1-56347-013-6">ISBN 1-56347-013-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Thomas E Mull ’’HVAC principles and applications manual’’ McGraw-Hill 1997 <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-07-044451-X" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-07-044451-X">ISBN 0-07-044451-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Earle1983-10"><a href="#cite_ref-Earle1983_10-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> R. L. Earle, <span style="font-style:italic;">Unit operations in food processing</span>, Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1983, pp. 56–62, 138–141, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-08-025537-X" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-08-025537-X">0-08-025537-X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/8451210">8451210</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">R. Keith Mobley <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8DyLdlfJzoMC&pg=PA1"><i>Fluid power dynamics</i></a> Butterworth-Heinemann 2000 p. vii <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-7506-7174-2" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-7506-7174-2">ISBN 0-7506-7174-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dickey2017-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Dickey2017_12-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Michael D. Dickey, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1002/adma.201606425"><span style="font-style:italic;">Stretchable and Soft Electronics using Liquid Metals</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Advanced Materials</span>, vol. 29, n. 27, Wiley, 18 aprile 2017, p. 1606425, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fadma.201606425">10.1002/adma.201606425</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> 0935-9648<span class="noprint plainlinks"> (<span title="Ricerca su WorldCat"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0935-9648&lang=it">WC</a></span> · <span title="Ricerca sul Catalogo Italiano dei Periodici"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acnpsearch.unibo.it/search?issn=0935-9648">ACNP</a></span>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ColeKhoshmaneshTang2021-13"><a href="#cite_ref-ColeKhoshmaneshTang2021_13-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Tim Cole, Khashayar Khoshmanesh e Shi-Yang Tang, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1002/aisy.202000275"><span style="font-style:italic;">Liquid Metal Enabled Biodevices</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Advanced Intelligent Systems</span>, vol. 3, n. 7, Wiley, 4 maggio 2021, p. 2000275, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Faisy.202000275">10.1002/aisy.202000275</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> 2640-4567<span class="noprint plainlinks"> (<span title="Ricerca su WorldCat"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/2640-4567&lang=it">WC</a></span> · <span title="Ricerca sul Catalogo Italiano dei Periodici"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acnpsearch.unibo.it/search?issn=2640-4567">ACNP</a></span>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TangTaborKalantar-ZadehDickey2021-14"><a href="#cite_ref-TangTaborKalantar-ZadehDickey2021_14-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Shi-Yang Tang, Christopher Tabor, Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh e Michael D. Dickey, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-080819-125403"><span style="font-style:italic;">Gallium Liquid Metal: The Devil's Elixir</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Annual Review of Materials Research</span>, vol. 51, n. 1, Annual Reviews, 26 luglio 2021, pp. 381–408, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-matsci-080819-125403">10.1146/annurev-matsci-080819-125403</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> 1531-7331<span class="noprint plainlinks"> (<span title="Ricerca su WorldCat"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1531-7331&lang=it">WC</a></span> · <span title="Ricerca sul Catalogo Italiano dei Periodici"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acnpsearch.unibo.it/search?issn=1531-7331">ACNP</a></span>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Bela G. Liptak <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pPMursVsxlMC&pg=PA807">’’Instrument engineers’ handbook: process control’’</a> CRC Press 1999 p. 807 <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-8493-1081-4" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-8493-1081-4">ISBN 0-8493-1081-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hickson1994-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Hickson1994_16-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Paul Hickson, Ermanno F. Borra, Remi Cabanac, Robert Content, Brad K. Gibson e Gordon A. H. Walker, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1086/187667"><span style="font-style:italic;">UBC/Laval 2.7 meter liquid mirror telescope</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">The Astrophysical Journal</span>, vol. 436, American Astronomical Society, 1994, p. L201, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F187667">10.1086/187667</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> 0004-637X<span class="noprint plainlinks"> (<span title="Ricerca su WorldCat"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0004-637X&lang=it">WC</a></span> · <span title="Ricerca sul Catalogo Italiano dei Periodici"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acnpsearch.unibo.it/search?issn=0004-637X">ACNP</a></span>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9406057">astro-ph/9406057</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hickson2007-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Hickson2007_17-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Paul Hickson e Réne Racine, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1086/517619"><span style="font-style:italic;">Image Quality of Liquid‐Mirror Telescopes</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific</span>, vol. 119, n. 854, IOP Publishing, 2007, pp. 456–465, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F517619">10.1086/517619</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> 0004-6280<span class="noprint plainlinks"> (<span title="Ricerca su WorldCat"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0004-6280&lang=it">WC</a></span> · <span title="Ricerca sul Catalogo Italiano dei Periodici"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acnpsearch.unibo.it/search?issn=0004-6280">ACNP</a></span>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFRolla" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Luigi Rolla, <span style="font-style:italic;">Chimica e mineralogia. Per le Scuole superiori</span>, 29ª ed., Dante Alighieri, 1987.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liquidi_ionici" title="Liquidi ionici">Liquidi ionici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristalli_liquidi" title="Cristalli liquidi">Cristalli liquidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stato_della_materia" title="Stato della materia">Stato della materia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensione_superficiale" title="Tensione superficiale">Tensione superficiale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viscosit%C3%A0" title="Viscosità">Viscosità</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idrostatica" class="mw-redirect" title="Idrostatica">Idrostatica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idrodinamica" title="Idrodinamica">Idrodinamica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambiamento_di_stato" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambiamento di stato">Cambiamento di stato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goccia" title="Goccia">Goccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transizione_di_fase" title="Transizione di fase">Transizione di fase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporizzazione" title="Vaporizzazione">Vaporizzazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporazione" title="Evaporazione">Evaporazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebollizione" title="Ebollizione">Ebollizione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidificazione" title="Solidificazione">Solidificazione</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/liquido" class="extiw" title="wikt:liquido">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Liquid"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Liquid?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/liquido" class="extiw" title="wikt:liquido">liquido</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sul <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Liquid?uselang=it">liquido</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquido&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/liquido"><span style="font-style:italic;">liquido</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11435#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Bruce E. Poling, John M. Prausnitz e John Shipley Rowlinson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/liquid-state-of-matter"><span style="font-style:italic;">liquid</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11435#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Stati_della_materia"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stati_della_materia" title="Template:Stati della materia"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Stati_della_materia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Stati della materia (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Stati_della_materia&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Stato_della_materia" title="Stato della materia">Stati della materia</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Principali</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Solido" title="Solido">Solido</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liquido</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aeriforme" title="Aeriforme">Aeriforme</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(fisica)" title="Plasma (fisica)">Plasma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Condensato_di_Bose-Einstein" title="Condensato di Bose-Einstein">Condensato di Bose-Einstein</a></td><td rowspan="5" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phase_change_-_it.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Phase_change_-_it.svg/170px-Phase_change_-_it.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Phase_change_-_it.svg/255px-Phase_change_-_it.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Phase_change_-_it.svg/340px-Phase_change_-_it.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="730" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Transizione_di_fase" title="Transizione di fase">Cambiamenti di stato</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Fusione_(fisica)" title="Fusione (fisica)">Fusione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solidificazione" title="Solidificazione">Solidificazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cristallizzazione" title="Cristallizzazione">Cristallizzazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Punto_di_fusione" title="Punto di fusione">Punto di fusione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ebollizione" title="Ebollizione">Ebollizione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Evaporazione" title="Evaporazione">Evaporazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Condensazione" title="Condensazione">Condensazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sublimazione" title="Sublimazione">Sublimazione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Brinamento" title="Brinamento">Brinamento</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Miscela" title="Miscela">Miscele</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Caligine" title="Caligine">Caligine</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sospensione_(chimica)" title="Sospensione (chimica)">Sospensione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dispersione_(chimica)" title="Dispersione (chimica)">Dispersione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Soluzione_(chimica)" title="Soluzione (chimica)">Soluzione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lega_(metallurgia)" title="Lega (metallurgia)">Lega</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Colloide" title="Colloide">Colloide</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">Aerosol</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nebbia" title="Nebbia">Nebbia</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spray_liquido&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spray liquido (la pagina non esiste)">Spray liquido</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fumo" title="Fumo">Fumo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Particolato" title="Particolato">Particolato</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Polvere" title="Polvere">Polvere</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Schiuma" title="Schiuma">Schiuma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Emulsione" title="Emulsione">Emulsione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sol_(chimica)" title="Sol (chimica)">Sol</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Aerogel" title="Aerogel">Aerogel</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gel" title="Gel">Gel</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schiuma_solida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schiuma solida (la pagina non esiste)">Schiuma solida</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Miscela_gassosa" title="Miscela gassosa">Miscela gassosa</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Altri</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">Gas</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vapore" title="Vapore">Vapore</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fluido" title="Fluido">Fluido</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gas_ideale" title="Gas ideale">Gas ideale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gas_reale" title="Gas reale">Gas reale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stato_supercritico" title="Stato supercritico">Fluido supercritico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Superfluidit%C3%A0" title="Superfluidità">Superfluido</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Supersolido" title="Supersolido">Supersolido</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Supervetro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supervetro (la pagina non esiste)">Supervetro</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Condensato_chirale" title="Condensato chirale">Condensato fermionico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Materia_degenere" title="Materia degenere">Materia degenere</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Materia_strana" title="Materia strana">Materia strana</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Plasma_di_quark_e_gluoni" title="Plasma di quark e gluoni">Plasma di quark e gluoni</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Cristalli_liquidi" title="Cristalli liquidi">Cristalli liquidi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fluido_ideale" title="Fluido ideale">Fluido ideale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Materia_di_Rydberg" title="Materia di Rydberg">Materia di Rydberg</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Polarone_di_Rydberg" title="Polarone di Rydberg">Polarone di Rydberg</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Materia_di_quark" title="Materia di quark">Materia di quark</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Liquido_di_spin_quantistico" title="Liquido di spin quantistico">Liquido di spin quantistico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eccitonio" title="Eccitonio">Eccitonio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eccitone_legato_al_fotone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eccitone legato al fotone (la pagina non esiste)">Eccitone legato al fotone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stato_a_fusione_di_catena" title="Stato a fusione di catena">Stato a fusione di catena</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Concetti</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Punto_triplo" title="Punto triplo">Punto triplo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Punto_critico_(termodinamica)" title="Punto critico (termodinamica)">Punto critico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Equazione_di_stato" title="Equazione di stato">Equazione di stato</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Curva_di_raffreddamento" title="Curva di raffreddamento">Curva di raffreddamento</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fase_(chimica)" title="Fase (chimica)">Fase</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solidus_(chimica)" title="Solidus (chimica)">Solidus</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Liquidus" title="Liquidus">Liquidus</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night 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href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85077404">sh85077404</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4017621-6">4017621-6</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11942891h">cb11942891h</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11942891h">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007531569605171">987007531569605171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561895">00561895</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><style 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