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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Izskats</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_lv.wikipedia.org&uselang=lv" class=""><span>Ziedojumi</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Medic%C4%ABna" title="Ieteicams izveidot kontu un pieslēgties; tomēr tas nav obligāti." class=""><span>Izveidot jaunu Vikipēdijas kontu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Medic%C4%ABna" title="Aicinām tevi ieiet Vikipēdijā, tomēr tas nav obligāti. 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class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Saturs" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Saturs</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sākums</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Praktiskā_medicīna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Praktiskā_medicīna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Praktiskā medicīna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Praktiskā_medicīna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicīnas_simboli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicīnas_simboli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Medicīnas simboli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicīnas_simboli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicīnas_nozares" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicīnas_nozares"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Medicīnas nozares</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicīnas_nozares-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pirmā_palīdzība" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pirmā_palīdzība"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pirmā palīdzība</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pirmā_palīdzība-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apbalvojumi_medicīnā" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apbalvojumi_medicīnā"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Apbalvojumi medicīnā</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apbalvojumi_medicīnā-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skatīt_arī" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skatīt_arī"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Skatīt arī</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skatīt_arī-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atsauces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atsauces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Atsauces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atsauces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ārējās_saites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ārējās_saites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ārējās saites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ārējās_saites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Medicīna</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. Pieejams 190 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-190" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">190 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneeskunde" title="Geneeskunde – afrikandu" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geneeskunde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikandu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medizin" title="Medizin – Šveices vācu" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Medizin" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Šveices vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%95%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%9D%E1%8A%93" title="ሕክምና – amharu" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሕክምና" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – aragoniešu" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="طب – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܐܣܝܘܬܐ – aramiešu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܣܝܘܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="طب – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طب" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="طب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="طب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="চিকিৎসা-বিজ্ঞান – asamiešu" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চিকিৎসা-বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – astūriešu" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astūriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – avāru" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qulla" title="Qulla – aimaru" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Qulla" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibb" title="Tibb – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tibb" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%A8" title="طیب – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="طیب" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="vērtīgs raksts"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – baškīru" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškīru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med%C4%97c%C4%97na" title="Medėcėna – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Medėcėna" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagbulong" title="Pagbulong – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pagbulong" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медыцына – baltkrievu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Медыцына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltkrievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Мэдыцына – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэдыцына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE)" title="डाक्टरी (बिद्या) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="डाक्टरी (बिद्या)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisin" title="Medisin – bišlamā" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Medisin" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bišlamā" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%94k%C9%94t%C9%94r%C9%94ya" title="Dɔkɔtɔrɔya – bambaru" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Dɔkɔtɔrɔya" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="চিকিৎসাবিজ্ঞান – bengāļu" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চিকিৎসাবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82" title="གསོ་རིག – tibetiešu" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གསོ་རིག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezegiezh" title="Mezegiezh – bretoņu" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mezegiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – bosniešu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Анагааха ухаан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Анагааха ухаан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AC-h%C5%8Fk" title="Ĭ-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ĭ-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – čečenu" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisina" title="Medisina – sebuāņu" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Medisina" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%85%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%98" title="ᏅᏬᏘ – čiroku" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏅᏬᏘ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="čiroku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="پزیشکی – centrālkurdu" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پزیشکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centrālkurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – korsikāņu" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9ka%C5%99stv%C3%AD" title="Lékařství – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lékařství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medic%C3%ABna" title="Medicëna – kašubu" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Medicëna" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kašubu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – čuvašu" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvašu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meddygaeth" title="Meddygaeth – velsiešu" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Meddygaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velsiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A6gevidenskab" title="Lægevidenskab – dāņu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lægevidenskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medizin" title="Medizin – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Medizin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%B1b" title="Tıb – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tıb" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Ιατρική – grieķu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιατρική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grieķu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Medicine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicino" title="Medicino – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Medicino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meditsiin" title="Meditsiin – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Meditsiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medikuntza" title="Medikuntza – basku" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Medikuntza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medecina" title="Medecina – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Medecina" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="پزشکی – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پزشکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ketiede" title="Lääketiede – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lääketiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arstitiid%C3%BCs" title="Arstitiidüs – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Arstitiidüs" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A6knafr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Læknafrøði – fēru" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Læknafrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="fēru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9decine" title="Médecine – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Médecine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8decina" title="Mèdecina – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Mèdecina" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisine" title="Medisine – friūlu" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Medisine" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friūlu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gen%C3%AAskunde" title="Genêskunde – rietumfrīzu" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Genêskunde" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="rietumfrīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ADochaine" title="Míochaine – īru" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Míochaine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="īru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9dsin" title="Médsin – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Médsin" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C3%B2las-leighis" title="Eòlas-leighis – skotu gēlu" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eòlas-leighis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotu gēlu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – galisiešu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poh%C3%A3nokuaa" title="Pohãnokuaa – gvaranu" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pohãnokuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran – gorontalu" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Kedokteran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lheeys" title="Lheeys – meniešu" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Lheeys" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="meniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%AE-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Yî-ho̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yî-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94" title="רפואה – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רפואה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="आयुर्विज्ञान – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आयुर्विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctori" title="Doctori – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Doctori" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – horvātu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medsin" title="Medsin – haitiešu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Medsin" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orvostudom%C3%A1ny" title="Orvostudomány – ungāru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Orvostudomány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բժշկություն – armēņu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բժշկություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բժշկութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բժշկութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kedokteran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisina" title="Medisina – iloku" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Medisina" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Лорал – ingušu" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Лорал" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingušu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicino" title="Medicino – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Medicino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A6knisfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Læknisfræði – islandiešu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Læknisfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%96%E1%92%83%E1%91%8E" title="ᑖᒃᑎ – inuītu" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑖᒃᑎ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuītu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="医学 – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="医学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisn" title="Medisn – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Medisn" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedhokteran" title="Kedhokteran – javiešu" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kedhokteran" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="მედიცინა – gruzīnu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მედიცინა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – karakalpaku" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpaku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnujjya" title="Tasnujjya – kabilu" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasnujjya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – kazahu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9E%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ವೈದ್ಯವಿಜ್ಞಾನ – kannadu" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವೈದ್ಯವಿಜ್ಞಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%98%ED%95%99" title="의학 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="의학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%8E%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یێلاج زان – kašmiriešu" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="یێلاج زان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmiriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bij%C3%AE%C5%9Fk%C3%AE" title="Bijîşkî – kurdu" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bijîşkî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medhegneth" title="Medhegneth – korniešu" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Medhegneth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – kirgīzu" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – latīņu" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latīņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisina" title="Medisina – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Medisina" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medezin" title="Medezin – luksemburgiešu" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Medezin" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medica" title="Medica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Medica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genaesk%C3%B3nde" title="Genaeskónde – limburgiešu" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Genaeskónde" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ABxinn-a" title="Mëxinn-a – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Mëxinn-a" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ແພດສາດ – laosiešu" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແພດສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Медицин – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Медицин" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadokteran" title="Kadokteran – minangkabavu" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kadokteran" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabavu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="വൈദ്യശാസ്ത്രം – malajalu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വൈദ്യശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Анагаах ухаан – mongoļu" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Анагаах ухаан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛꯂꯣꯟ – manipūru" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipūru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="वैद्यकशास्त्र – marathu" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वैद्यकशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perubatan" title="Perubatan – malajiešu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perubatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medi%C4%8Bina" title="Mediċina – maltiešu" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Mediċina" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medecina" title="Medecina – mirandiešu" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Medecina" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="ဆေးပညာ – birmiešu" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆေးပညာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mericina" title="Mericina – neapoliešu" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Mericina" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="neapoliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medizin" title="Medizin – lejasvācu" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Medizin" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lejasvācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genaeskeunde" title="Genaeskeunde – lejassakšu" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Genaeskeunde" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lejassakšu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="चिकित्सा विज्ञान – nepāliešu" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चिकित्सा विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepāliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%83" title="वासः – nevaru" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="वासः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneeskunde" title="Geneeskunde – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geneeskunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisin" title="Medisin – jaunnorvēģu" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Medisin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="jaunnorvēģu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisin" title="Medisin – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Medisin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisine" title="Medisine – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Medisine" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medecina" title="Medecina – oksitāņu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Medecina" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଚିକିତ୍ସା ବିଜ୍ଞାନ – oriju" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଚିକିତ୍ସା ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%C3%A6" title="Медицинæ – osetīnu" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Медицинæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮੈਡੀਸਿਨ – pandžabu" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਡੀਸਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9decinne" title="Médecinne – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Médecinne" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="चिकित्सा विज्ञान – pāli" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="चिकित्सा विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pāli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisin" title="Medisin – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Medisin" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medycyna" title="Medycyna – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Medycyna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="طب – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="طب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="درملگري – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="درملگري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampi_yachay" title="Hampi yachay – kečvu" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hampi yachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečvu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medischina" title="Medischina – retoromāņu" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Medischina" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicin%C4%83" title="Medicină – rumāņu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Medicină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медіціна – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Медіціна" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="आयुर्विज्ञानम् – sanskrits" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आयुर्विज्ञानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – jakutu" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱛᱤᱠᱪᱷᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ – santalu" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱤᱠᱪᱷᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meighina" title="Meighina – sardīniešu" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Meighina" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midicina" title="Midicina – sicīliešu" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Midicina" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicīliešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicin" title="Medicin – skotu" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Medicin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="طب – sindhu" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="طب" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnijjit" title="Tasnijjit – šilhu" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasnijjit" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="šilhu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව – singāļu" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Medicine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medic%C3%ADna" title="Medicína – slovāku" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Medicína" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovāku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina – slovēņu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Medicina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wumuti" title="Wumuti – šonu" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Wumuti" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šonu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daawo" title="Daawo – somāļu" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Daawo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mjek%C3%ABsia" title="Mjekësia – albāņu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mjekësia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heelkunde" title="Heelkunde – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Heelkunde" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatamba" title="Tatamba – zundu" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tatamba" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="zundu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicin_(vetenskap)" title="Medicin (vetenskap) – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Medicin (vetenskap)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiba" title="Tiba – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tiba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மருத்துவம் – tamilu" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மருத்துவம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="వైద్యశాస్త్రం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వైద్యశాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D3%A3" title="Пизишкӣ – tadžiku" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Пизишкӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="แพทยศาสตร์ – taju" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แพทยศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%95%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%9D%E1%8A%93" title="ሕክምና – tigrinja" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ሕክምና" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisina" title="Medisina – tagalu" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Medisina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%99bob%C9%99t" title="Təbobət – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Təbobət" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%B1p" title="Tıp – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tıp" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vutshunguri" title="Vutshunguri – congu" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vutshunguri" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="congu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – tatāru" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mankhwala" title="Mankhwala – tumbuku" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Mankhwala" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%87%D9%8A%D8%BA%DB%87%D8%B1_%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="ئۇيغۇر تېبابىتى – uiguru" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئۇيغۇر تېبابىتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Медицина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="طب – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="طب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibbiyot" title="Tibbiyot – uzbeku" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tibbiyot" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medezina" title="Medezina – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Medezina" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicin" title="Medicin – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Medicin" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Y học – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Y học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanav" title="Sanav – volapiks" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Sanav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medcene" title="Medcene – valoņu" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Medcene" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisina" title="Medisina – varaju" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Medisina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paj" title="Paj – volofu" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Paj" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volofu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="醫學 – vu ķīniešu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="醫學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="მედიცინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მედიცინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9F" title="מעדיצין – jidišs" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מעדיצין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidišs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ywhag" title="Ywhag – džuanu" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ywhag" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="džuanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="医学 – ķīniešu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="医学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-ha%CC%8Dk" title="I-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="I-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="醫學 – kantoniešu" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="醫學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipēdijas lapa</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lv" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Asklepios.3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Asklepios.3.jpg/200px-Asklepios.3.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Asklepios.3.jpg/300px-Asklepios.3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Asklepios.3.jpg/400px-Asklepios.3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption>Viens no medicīnas simboliem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Askl%C4%93pija_ce%C4%BCa_spie%C4%B7is&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asklēpija ceļa spieķis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Asklēpija ceļa spieķis</a> ir redzams sengrieķu ārstniecības dieva <a href="/wiki/Askl%C4%93pijs" title="Asklēpijs">Asklēpija</a> rokās</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Medicīna</b> (<a href="/wiki/Lat%C4%AB%C5%86u_valoda" title="Latīņu valoda">latīņu</a>: <span lang="la"><i>medicina</i></span> — ‘ārstniecība’, ‘dziedniecība’) ir zinātnisku atziņu sistēma un praktiska darbība <a href="/wiki/Cilv%C4%93ks" title="Cilvēks">cilvēka</a> <a href="/wiki/Vesel%C4%ABba" title="Veselība">veselības</a> saglabāšanai.<sup id="cite_ref-ZTV_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZTV-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pēc būtības medicīna ir <a href="/wiki/Vesel%C4%ABbas_zin%C4%81tne" title="Veselības zinātne">veselības zinātnes</a> nozare. Tajā tiek pētīts cilvēka <a href="/wiki/Organisms" title="Organisms">organisms</a>, tā uzbūve, funkcijas, bet visvairāk <a href="/wiki/Slim%C4%ABba" title="Slimība">slimības</a> un to ārstēšanas iespējas. Medicīnas mērķis ir noteikt slimību izcelsmi, norisi, kā arī <a href="/wiki/Medic%C4%ABnisk%C4%81_diagnostika" title="Medicīniskā diagnostika">diagnostika</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%80rstniec%C4%ABba" title="Ārstniecība">ārstēšana</a> un <a href="/wiki/Profilakse" title="Profilakse">profilakse</a>. </p><p>Mūsdienās medicīna ir cieši saistīta ar <a href="/wiki/Vesel%C4%ABbas_zin%C4%81tne" title="Veselības zinātne">veselības zinātni</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABnisks_p%C4%93t%C4%ABjums&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medicīnisks pētījums (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">medicīniskajiem pētījumiem</a> un <a href="/wiki/Medic%C4%ABnisk%C4%81_tehnolo%C4%A3ija" title="Medicīniskā tehnoloģija">medicīnisko tehnoloģiju</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Praktiskā_medicīna"><span id="Praktisk.C4.81_medic.C4.ABna"></span>Praktiskā medicīna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABna&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Praktiskā medicīna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABna&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Praktiskā medicīna"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Praktiskā medicīna parasti balstās uz pacienta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABnisk%C4%81_izmekl%C4%93%C5%A1ana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medicīniskā izmeklēšana (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">medicīnisko izmeklēšanu</a>, slimības <a href="/wiki/Medic%C4%ABnisk%C4%81_diagnostika" title="Medicīniskā diagnostika">diagnostiku</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B6irur%C4%A3ija" title="Ķirurģija">ķirurģiju</a> un <a href="/wiki/%C4%80rst%C4%93%C5%A1ana" class="mw-redirect" title="Ārstēšana">ārstēšanu</a>. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABnisk%C4%81_izmekl%C4%93%C5%A1ana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medicīniskā izmeklēšana (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Medicīniskās izmeklēšanas</a> laikā <a href="/wiki/%C4%80rsts" title="Ārsts">ārsts</a> apskata <a href="/wiki/Pacients" title="Pacients">pacienta</a> ķermeni, lai varētu noteikt slimības <a href="/wiki/Simptoms" title="Simptoms">simptomus</a>. Lai veiksmīgi noteiktu slimības, nereti ārstam ir jāzina pacienta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slim%C4%ABbu_v%C4%93sture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slimību vēsture (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">slimību vēsture</a>. Ja izmeklēšanas laikā slimību nevar noteikt, jāveic <a href="/wiki/Medic%C4%ABnisk%C4%81_diagnostika" title="Medicīniskā diagnostika">diagnostika</a>. </p><p>Pēc pacienta izmeklēšanas seko pacienta stāvokļa un slimības <a href="/wiki/Diagnoze" class="mw-redirect" title="Diagnoze">diagnozes</a> noteikšana. To parasti nosaka, izmantojot vispārpieņemto medicīnas <a href="/wiki/Terminolo%C4%A3ija" title="Terminoloģija">terminoloģiju</a> un pamatojoties uz visaptverošu sistemātisku pētījumu par pacientu. </p><p>Ja ir nepieciešams, seko <a href="/wiki/%C4%B6irur%C4%A3ija" title="Ķirurģija">ķirurģiska</a> iejaukšanās. Parasti tā ir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABniska_oper%C4%81cija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medicīniska operācija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">operācija</a>. </p><p>Visbeidzot praktiskā medicīna noslēdzas ar <a href="/wiki/%C4%80rst%C4%93%C5%A1ana" class="mw-redirect" title="Ārstēšana">ārstēšanos</a>, kuras laikā tiek lietoti <a href="/wiki/Medikamenti" class="mw-redirect" title="Medikamenti">medikamenti</a>, veiktas dažādas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proced%C5%ABra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procedūra (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">procedūras</a> un citas darbības veselības stāvokļa uzlabošanai. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medicīnas_simboli"><span id="Medic.C4.ABnas_simboli"></span>Medicīnas simboli</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABna&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Medicīnas simboli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABna&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Medicīnas simboli"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Laika gaitā ir izveidojušies vairāki <a href="/wiki/Simbols" title="Simbols">simboli</a>, kuri simbolizē medicīnu. No tiem visbiežāk sastopami ir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kauss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kauss (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kauss</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Askl%C4%93pija_ce%C4%BCa_spie%C4%B7is&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asklēpija ceļa spieķis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Asklēpija ceļa spieķis</a>, sengrieķu dieva <a href="/wiki/Apollons" title="Apollons">Apollona</a> trijkājis, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zizlis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zizlis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">zizlis</a> un <a href="/wiki/Spogulis" title="Spogulis">spogulis</a>, kuram apvijusies <a href="/wiki/%C4%8C%C5%ABska" class="mw-redirect" title="Čūska">čūska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ola" title="Ola">ola</a>, degoša <a href="/wiki/L%C4%81pa" title="Lāpa">lāpa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svece" title="Svece">svece</a> un citi.<sup id="cite_ref-medicina.lv_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medicina.lv-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medicīnas_nozares"><span id="Medic.C4.ABnas_nozares"></span>Medicīnas nozares</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABna&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Medicīnas nozares" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABna&action=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Medicīnas nozares"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation" style="width:300px;;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="font-size:105%;;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Šī sadaļa <a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABna&action=edit">jāpapildina</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3201466">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text{text-align:left!important}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{display:inline-block}</style> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Profilakse" title="Profilakse">Profilakse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medic%C4%ABnisk%C4%81_diagnostika" title="Medicīniskā diagnostika">Medicīniskā diagnostika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terapija" title="Terapija">Terapija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rehabilit%C4%81cija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rehabilitācija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Rehabilitācija</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pirmā_palīdzība"><span id="Pirm.C4.81_pal.C4.ABdz.C4.ABba"></span>Pirmā palīdzība</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABna&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļu: Pirmā palīdzība" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABna&action=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Pirmā palīdzība"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Sign_first_aid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sign_first_aid.svg/150px-Sign_first_aid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sign_first_aid.svg/225px-Sign_first_aid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sign_first_aid.svg/300px-Sign_first_aid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Pirmās palīdzības simbols</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Pamatraksts: <a href="/wiki/Pirm%C4%81_pal%C4%ABdz%C4%ABba" title="Pirmā palīdzība">pirmā palīdzība</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Pirmā palīdzība ir ierobežotas palīdzības sniegšana <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cietu%C5%A1ais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cietušais (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">cietušajam</a> <a href="/wiki/Slim%C4%ABba" title="Slimība">slimības</a> vai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Savainojums&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Savainojums (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">savainojuma</a> gadījumā. Pirmo palīdzību sniedz jebkurš cilvēks līdz brīdim, kad medicīnisko <a href="/wiki/%C4%80rst%C4%93%C5%A1ana" class="mw-redirect" title="Ārstēšana">ārstēšanu</a> uzsāk profesionāli <a href="/wiki/Medi%C4%B7is" title="Mediķis">mediķi</a> vai arī cietušā <a href="/wiki/Dz%C4%ABv%C4%ABba" title="Dzīvība">dzīvība</a> vairs netiek apdraudēta (ne visām slimībām vai savainojumiem ir nepieciešama tūlītēja mediķu iejaukšanās). Pirmā palīdzība ir arī programma, kas jāzina ikvienam <a href="/wiki/Cilv%C4%93ks" title="Cilvēks">cilvēkam,</a> un tā ir veidota tā, lai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dz%C4%ABv%C4%ABbas_gl%C4%81b%C5%A1ana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dzīvības glābšana (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">dzīvības glābšanu</a> spētu izpildīt jebkurš cilvēks bez īpašām zināšanām medicīnā un ar minimālu aprīkojumu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Apbalvojumi_medicīnā"><span id="Apbalvojumi_medic.C4.ABn.C4.81"></span>Apbalvojumi medicīnā</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABna&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļu: Apbalvojumi medicīnā" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABna&action=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Apbalvojumi medicīnā"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Pamatraksts: <a href="/wiki/Nobela_pr%C4%93mija_fiziolo%C4%A3ij%C4%81_vai_medic%C4%ABn%C4%81" title="Nobela prēmija fizioloģijā vai medicīnā">Nobela prēmija fizioloģijā vai medicīnā</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Augstākais iespējamais apbalvojums medicīnas jomā ir <a href="/wiki/Nobela_pr%C4%93mija_fiziolo%C4%A3ij%C4%81_vai_medic%C4%ABn%C4%81" title="Nobela prēmija fizioloģijā vai medicīnā">Nobela prēmija fizioloģijā vai medicīnā</a>. To pasniedz kopš 1901. gada. Pirmo Nobela prēmiju medicīnā saņēma vācu fiziologs <a href="/wiki/Em%C4%ABls_fon_B%C4%93rings" title="Emīls fon Bērings">Emīls fon Bērings</a> par darbu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serumu_terapija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serumu terapija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">serumu terapijā</a> un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pretdifterijas_serums&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pretdifterijas serums (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">pretdifterijas seruma</a> izstrādē. 2015. gadā prēmiju saņēma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viljams_Kempbels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viljams Kempbels (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Viljams Kempbels</a> un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sato%C5%A1i_Omura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satoši Omura (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Satoši Omura</a> par pētījumiem parazītu izraisītu slimību ārstēšanā un <a href="/wiki/Tu_Joujou" title="Tu Joujou">Tu Joujou</a> par sasniegumiem terapijā pret malāriju. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skatīt_arī"><span id="Skat.C4.ABt_ar.C4.AB"></span>Skatīt arī</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABna&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļu: Skatīt arī" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABna&action=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Skatīt arī"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint tright portāls2" style="border:solid #aaa 1px; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0.5em;"> <table style="background:#f9f9f9; font-size:85%; line-height:110%; max-width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Medical_hospital_emergency_beds.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Medical_hospital_emergency_beds.svg/28px-Medical_hospital_emergency_beds.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Medical_hospital_emergency_beds.svg/42px-Medical_hospital_emergency_beds.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Medical_hospital_emergency_beds.svg/56px-Medical_hospital_emergency_beds.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Port%C4%81ls:Medic%C4%ABna" title="Portāls:Medicīna">Medicīnas portāls</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80rstniec%C4%ABba" title="Ārstniecība">Ārstniecība</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dziedniec%C4%ABba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dziedniecība (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Dziedniecība</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvijas_medic%C4%ABnas_v%C4%93sture" title="Latvijas medicīnas vēsture">Latvijas medicīnas vēsture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atsauces">Atsauces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABna&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļu: Atsauces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABna&action=edit&section=7" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Atsauces"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Vikikr%C4%81tuve" title="Vikikrātuve">Vikikrātuvē</a> par šo tēmu ir pieejami multivides faili. Skatīt: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Medicine" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Medicine">medicīna</a></b></i></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ZTV-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ZTV_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><i>Zinātnes un tehnoloģijas vārdnīca</i>. Rīga : Norden AB. 2001. 419. lpp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9984-9383-5-2" title="Special:BookSources/9984-9383-5-2">9984-9383-5-2</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-medicina.lv-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-medicina.lv_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722162035/http://www.medicina.lv/lat/second4.php?page=news&id=937&cat=1&thm=0">«Medicīna simbols»</a> (latviski). Medicina.lv. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicina.lv/lat/second4.php?page=news&id=937&cat=1&thm=0">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2011. gada 22. jūlijā<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: 2009. gada 13. jūlijā</span>.</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ārējās_saites"><span id=".C4.80r.C4.93j.C4.81s_saites"></span>Ārējās saites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABna&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Labot sadaļu: Ārējās saites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medic%C4%ABna&action=edit&section=8" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ārējās saites"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enciklopedija.lv/skirklis/1160">Latvijas Nacionālās enciklopēdijas šķirklis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/medicine"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigenc.ru/c/meditsina-6cd62c">Krievijas Lielās enciklopēdijas raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(krieviski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/medicine">Zinātniskās fantastikas enciklopēdijas raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/medicina/MEDITSINA.html">Enciklopēdijas <i>Krugosvet</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(krieviski)</span></li></ul> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Nuvola_mimetypes_patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Aizmetņa ikona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Nuvola_mimetypes_patch.png/30px-Nuvola_mimetypes_patch.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Nuvola_mimetypes_patch.png/45px-Nuvola_mimetypes_patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Nuvola_mimetypes_patch.png/60px-Nuvola_mimetypes_patch.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td><td><i>Šis ar <a class="mw-selflink selflink">medicīnu</a> saistītais raksts ir <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Aizmetnis" title="Vikipēdija:Aizmetnis">nepilnīgs</a>. 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