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En girasol, la selección convencional es ampliamente utilizada para la modificación de caracteres como la composición en ácidos grasos, la resistencia a enfermedades, y especialmente la obtención de aceites comerciales con un alto contenido en ácido oleico. Hay un creciente interés en los tocoferoles y en los fitoesteroles, presentes en el girasol, por sus propiedades benéficas sobre la salud humana. Esto enfatiza la necesidad de estudios de programas de selección por estos componentes bioactivos. Un centenar de parejas isogénicas de híbridos y líneas parentales de girasol clásico y su versión oleica fueron cultivados entre 2003 y 2006 en diferentes lugares en Francia. Los resultados indicaron que el girasol es rico en α-tocoferol y en β-sitoesterol. Sin embargo, hubo muy poca correlación entre el aceite de girasol tradicional linoléico y el rico en ácido oleico, en lo que respecta la a cantidad total de tocoferoles, y ninguna correlación con respecto a la cantidad de fitoesteroles totales. Por otra parte, no hubo casi o ningún efecto de la conversión de ácido oleico sobre las cantidades de tocoferoles y de fitoesteroles. No obstante, la cantidad de tocoferoles fue significativamente inferior en el girasol oleico que en el clásico, pero solo en algunos años.","publication_name":"Phyton","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"66456991"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Oleic conversion effect on the tocopherol and phytosterol contents in sunflower oil","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [161799293]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":66456991,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Oleic conversion effect on the tocopherol and phytosterol contents in sunflower oil”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/66456991/mini_magick20210425-24144-1smcngu.png?1619346179" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Oleic conversion effect on the tocopherol and phytosterol contents in sunflower oil</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="161799293" href="https://unilasalle.academia.edu/AliciaAyerdi"><img alt="Profile image of Alicia Ayerdi" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Alicia Ayerdi</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">Phyton</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">6 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 47282255; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Resumen. En girasol, la selección convencional es ampliamente utilizada para la modificación de caracteres como la composición en ácidos grasos, la resistencia a enfermedades, y especialmente la obtención de aceites comerciales con un alto contenido en ácido oleico. Hay un creciente interés en los tocoferoles y en los fitoesteroles, presentes en el girasol, por sus propiedades benéficas sobre la salud humana. Esto enfatiza la necesidad de estudios de programas de selección por estos componentes bioactivos. Un centenar de parejas isogénicas de híbridos y líneas parentales de girasol clásico y su versión oleica fueron cultivados entre 2003 y 2006 en diferentes lugares en Francia. Los resultados indicaron que el girasol es rico en α-tocoferol y en β-sitoesterol. Sin embargo, hubo muy poca correlación entre el aceite de girasol tradicional linoléico y el rico en ácido oleico, en lo que respecta la a cantidad total de tocoferoles, y ninguna correlación con respecto a la cantidad de fitoesteroles totales. Por otra parte, no hubo casi o ningún efecto de la conversión de ácido oleico sobre las cantidades de tocoferoles y de fitoesteroles. No obstante, la cantidad de tocoferoles fue significativamente inferior en el girasol oleico que en el clásico, pero solo en algunos años.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":66456991,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/47282255/Oleic_conversion_effect_on_the_tocopherol_and_phytosterol_contents_in_sunflower_oil"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":66456991,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/47282255/Oleic_conversion_effect_on_the_tocopherol_and_phytosterol_contents_in_sunflower_oil"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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The method was optimized with respect to solvent composition of the assay medium, which has a large influence on the course of reaction of tocopherols with DPPH. The rate of reaction of α-tocopherol with DPPH is higher than that of γ-tocopherol in both protic and aprotic solvents. In ethyl acetate, routinely applied for the analysis of antioxidant potential (AOP) of plant oils, reactions of tocopherols with DPPH are slower and concentration of tocopherols in the assay has a large influence on their molar reactivity. In 2-propanol, however, two electrons are exchanged for both α-and γ-tocopherols, independent of their concentration. 2-propanol is not toxic and is fully compatible with polypropylene labware. The chromatographically determined content of tocopherols and their molar reactivity in the DPPH assay reveal that only tocopherols contribute to the AOP of sunflower oil, whereas the contribution of tocopherols to the AOP of linseed oil is 75%. The DPPH assay in 2-propanol can be applied for rapid and cheap estimation of vitamin E content in plant oils where tocopherols are major antioxidants.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rapid Estimation of Tocopherol Content in Linseed and Sunflower Oils-Reactivity and Assay","attachmentId":110490816,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113563004/Rapid_Estimation_of_Tocopherol_Content_in_Linseed_and_Sunflower_Oils_Reactivity_and_Assay","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/113563004/Rapid_Estimation_of_Tocopherol_Content_in_Linseed_and_Sunflower_Oils_Reactivity_and_Assay"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="77338814" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77338814/Fatty_acid_and_tocopherol_accumulation_in_the_seeds_of_a_high_oleic_acid_castor_mutant">Fatty acid and tocopherol accumulation in the seeds of a high oleic acid castor mutant</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9473560" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LeonardoVelasco1">Leonardo Velasco</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Industrial Crops and Products, 2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The recent isolation of a natural mutant of castor bean with high oleic acid and low ricinoleic acid concentration opens up new potential uses for castor oil. The objective of the present research was to monitor fatty acid and tocopherol accumulation in developing seeds of the high oleic acid mutant OLE-1 in comparison with seeds of the standard high ricinoleic acid line A74. Seed samples were collected at regular intervals from 6 to 60 days after pollination (DAP) and analyzed for oil content, fatty acid composition, and tocopherol content and composition. Oil accumulation followed a similar pattern in both lines from 12 to 18 DAP, but from this stage oil accumulated much more actively in A74, resulting in a significant difference of about 15% oil content between both lines at maturity. The concentrations of palmitic, linoleic, and linolenic acid were similar in both lines at all stages, whereas stearic acid was about 0.5% higher in A74 during the whole seed filling period. Both lines exhibited contrasting accumulation patterns for oleic and ricinoleic acid. Ricinoleic acid concentration raised rapidly from zero at 9 DAP to above 80% at 21 DAP in A74, whereas its concentration in OLE-1 seeds raised at a much lower rate, from zero at 9 DAP to about 15% at 36 DAP. Conversely, oleic acid concentration remained practically unchanged in A74, whereas it raised drastically from about 10% at 12 DAP to around 75% at 18 DAP. The increase in oleic acid was not accompanied by a concomitant raise of linoleic acid concentration, which suggests that the low linoleic acid concentration in conventional castor oil is not the result of competition between the hydroxylation and desaturation pathways. At 6 DAP, both lines contained very low levels of tocopherols, mainly in the form of alpha-tocopherol. The synthesis of beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol started between 12 and 15 DAP, with a maximum total tocopherol content at 21 DAP for A74 and 24 DAP for OLE-1. The accumulation pattern of gamma-tocopherol content was similar in both lines. However, OLE-1 seeds reached higher levels of beta-and delta-tocopherol, which resulted in a higher total tocopherol content at maturity, about 785 mg kg −1 dry seed weight in comparison with 605 mg kg −1 dry seed weight in A74.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Fatty acid and tocopherol accumulation in the seeds of a high oleic acid castor mutant","attachmentId":84740641,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77338814/Fatty_acid_and_tocopherol_accumulation_in_the_seeds_of_a_high_oleic_acid_castor_mutant","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77338814/Fatty_acid_and_tocopherol_accumulation_in_the_seeds_of_a_high_oleic_acid_castor_mutant"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="107837060" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/107837060/Changes_in_Fatty_Acid_Tocopherol_and_Sterol_Contents_of_Oils_Extracted_from_Several_Vegetable_Seeds">Changes in Fatty Acid, Tocopherol and Sterol Contents of Oils Extracted from Several Vegetable Seeds</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6999119" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElfadilBabiker">Elfadil Babiker</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Oleo Science, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Introduction The most of natural crude oils has limited applications, although majority of seed oils have good structural chemical profiles 1, 2. Fatty acids, tocopherols, tocotrienols and sterols are important bioactive compounds of oil seeds. The chemical composition of vegetable oils, such as the composition of fatty acids, tocopherols and sterile glycoside contents, has a very important effect for industrial applications. The α-tocopherol among all forms of vitamin E plays the essential role in human nutrition and health. For instance, it protects unsaturated fatty acids against oxidation and ensures the stability of lipid membranes 3 5. There is an important role of α-tocopherol at the preventing lipids and lipid containing foodstuffs from oxidation during storage in food production and very important biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory 5 .</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Changes in Fatty Acid, Tocopherol and Sterol Contents of Oils Extracted from Several Vegetable Seeds","attachmentId":106389655,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107837060/Changes_in_Fatty_Acid_Tocopherol_and_Sterol_Contents_of_Oils_Extracted_from_Several_Vegetable_Seeds","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/107837060/Changes_in_Fatty_Acid_Tocopherol_and_Sterol_Contents_of_Oils_Extracted_from_Several_Vegetable_Seeds"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="25392121" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25392121/Changes_of_Tocopherols_and_Phospholipids_during_Heating_of_Low_Erucic_Rapeseed_Oil_at_Temperature_Similar_to_Fritting">Changes of Tocopherols and Phospholipids during Heating of Low-Erucic Rapeseed Oil at Temperature Similar to Fritting</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32614434" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MalgorzataNogalakalucka">Malgorzata Nogala-kalucka</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Fett Wissenschaft Technologie/Fat Science Technology, 1995</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Rapeseed oilcrude and refinedand the fraction of acylglycerols isolated from these oils were added to natural amounts of tocopherols or phospholipids and were heated in conditions similar to fritting during 30 hours. Maximum formation of dimers amounted to 24% of initial quantity of tocopherols. In the samples heated at 170°C dimers occurred incidentally, only in model systems of acylglycerols with addition of tocopherols and mainly with big concentration of alphatocopherol. Also the accelerating influence of natural oil components on tocopherol decrease at 1700C was observed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Changes of Tocopherols and Phospholipids during Heating of Low-Erucic Rapeseed Oil at Temperature Similar to Fritting","attachmentId":45706697,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25392121/Changes_of_Tocopherols_and_Phospholipids_during_Heating_of_Low_Erucic_Rapeseed_Oil_at_Temperature_Similar_to_Fritting","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25392121/Changes_of_Tocopherols_and_Phospholipids_during_Heating_of_Low_Erucic_Rapeseed_Oil_at_Temperature_Similar_to_Fritting"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="124244537" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/124244537/Genotype_by_environment_interaction_influence_on_functional_molecules_tocopherols_and_sterols_accumulation_in_sunflower_oil">Genotype by environment interaction influence on functional molecules (tocopherols and sterols) accumulation in sunflower oil</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="180124958" href="https://tunis.academia.edu/SELBOK">Safia EL-BOK</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Tocopherol and sterol are non-dietary functional molecules in sunflower oil, which act as antioxidants, reduce cholesterol and improve immunity against diseases. The present study was designed to determine tocopherol and sterol contents in 13 high and two low oleic acid sunflower hybrids across two seasons (spring and autumn) and four locations under subtropical conditions of Pakistan with contrasting reproductive phase temperatures. The results showed that tocopherol and sterol contents varied across the seasons and locations. Autumn planting produced high tocopherol content. Moreover, locations under high temperature during reproductive phase negatively affected the sterol and tocopherol contents. High oleic acid hybrids yielded 38% higher tocopherol content than low oleic acid hybrids. High oleic acid hybrids produced higher sterol contents at all locations and seasons. Hybrids such as H4 and H5 are considered stable due to comparatively close values of tocopherol and sterol cont...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genotype by environment interaction influence on functional molecules (tocopherols and sterols) accumulation in sunflower oil","attachmentId":118507456,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124244537/Genotype_by_environment_interaction_influence_on_functional_molecules_tocopherols_and_sterols_accumulation_in_sunflower_oil","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/124244537/Genotype_by_environment_interaction_influence_on_functional_molecules_tocopherols_and_sterols_accumulation_in_sunflower_oil"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="73946619" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73946619/Alpha_tocopherol_and_gamma_tocopherol_concentration_in_vegetable_oils">Alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol concentration in vegetable oils</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="82922371" href="https://ubotstudio.academia.edu/FernandaDeSouzaAlmeida">Fernanda De Souza Almeida</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Food Science and Technology (Campinas), 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Vegetable oils are the richest dietary sources of vitamin E. Vitamin E determination levels in foods are of great importance to adjust the ingestion of nutrients by the population. The purpose of this paper is to determine the concentration of alphatocopherol and gamma-tocopherol in vegetable oils and compare the alpha-tocopherol value to the nutritional requirement of vitamin E. The analysis was performed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The values expressed as mg/kg for alpha and gamma-tocopherol were, respectively, 120.3±4.2 and 122.0±7.9 in canola oil; 432.3±86.6 and 92.3±9.5 in sunflower oil; 173.0±82.3 and 259.7±43.8 in corn oil; 71.3±6.4 and 273.3±11.1 in soybean oil. A significant difference was encountered between the alpha-tocopherol concentrations in vegetable oils. Similar results were found for gamma-tocopherol, except for corn and soybean oils. It was concluded that the soybean oil was not considered a source of vitamin E. The canola and corn oils were considered sources, and the sunflower oil was considered an excellent source.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol concentration in vegetable oils","attachmentId":83821812,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73946619/Alpha_tocopherol_and_gamma_tocopherol_concentration_in_vegetable_oils","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/73946619/Alpha_tocopherol_and_gamma_tocopherol_concentration_in_vegetable_oils"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="6812412" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6812412/Refining_of_high_oleic_safflower_oil_Effect_on_the_sterols_and_tocopherols_content">Refining of high oleic safflower oil: Effect on the sterols and tocopherols content</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11297555" href="https://uvg.academia.edu/JesusQui%C3%B1%C3%B3nez">Jesus Quiñónez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Food Research and Technology, 2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The purpose of this work was to study the influence of the industrial process steps on free fatty acids, peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (PAV), trans fatty acids, tocopherols and sterols (free, esterified and total) in high oleic safflower oil. Degumming, bleaching and deodorization steps removed 91.4% of free fatty acids, 96.31% of oxidation primary products (PV), and 54.57% of oxidation secondary products (PAV), from crude high oleic safflower oil. Degumming neither affected the content of sterified sterols nor its proportion with respect to the crude oil. A significant increment (p<0.05) in the content of free sterols was observed during degumming and bleaching due to the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of steryl esters. A significant reduction (p<0.05) in the content of total sterols during bleaching was observed, which is attributed to a reduction in the sterified sterol fraction. During deodorization, free sterols were distilled from oil, with a gradual reduction in the total sterol content as a function of the deodorization temperature. α- and γ-tocopherols represented 93.3% of the total tocopherols in high oleic safflower crude oil. The refining process removed 28.5% of the tocopherols. Deodorization was the main step which increased the level of trans fatty acids as an effect of temperature and heating time.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Refining of high oleic safflower oil: Effect on the sterols and tocopherols content","attachmentId":48714682,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6812412/Refining_of_high_oleic_safflower_oil_Effect_on_the_sterols_and_tocopherols_content","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6812412/Refining_of_high_oleic_safflower_oil_Effect_on_the_sterols_and_tocopherols_content"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="27883032" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27883032/Detailed_study_of_Brazil_nut_Bertholletia_excelsa_oil_micro_compounds_phospholipids_tocopherols_and_sterols">Detailed study of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) oil micro-compounds: phospholipids, tocopherols and sterols</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51799192" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Hafidiabdellatif">abdellatif Hafidi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">O óleo da castanha-do-pará (Bertholletia excelsa) foi estudado por causa da sua composição em ácidos graxos, tocoferóis, esteróis e fosfolipídios. A composição de ácidos graxos nos fosfolipídeos também foi estudada. Os resultados foram comparados com os do girassol, da castanha, amêndoa, noz, soja e azeites. O seu alto teor em ácidos graxos insaturados, em -tocoferol e em -sitosterol confere à castanha-do-pará interessantes propriedades antioxidantes e de prevenção do colesterol. A composição de ácidos graxos em fosfolipídio é muito diferente da composição do óleo. O ácido linolênico, que não se encontra no óleo, encontra-se em grande quantidade na fosfatidiletanolamina.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Detailed study of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) oil micro-compounds: phospholipids, tocopherols and sterols","attachmentId":48169315,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27883032/Detailed_study_of_Brazil_nut_Bertholletia_excelsa_oil_micro_compounds_phospholipids_tocopherols_and_sterols","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27883032/Detailed_study_of_Brazil_nut_Bertholletia_excelsa_oil_micro_compounds_phospholipids_tocopherols_and_sterols"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="1307638" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1307638/Changes_of_Total_Tocopherol_and_Tocopherol_Species_During_Sunflower_Oil_Processing">Changes of Total Tocopherol and Tocopherol Species During Sunflower Oil Processing</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="413456" href="https://leedsmet.academia.edu/sabanaz">saba naz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The changes of total and individual tocopherols were investigated during different sunflower oil processing stages by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The results revealed that the levels of total and individual tocopherol content were decreased during the neutralization, bleaching, and deodorization processes. The overall loss of total tocopherols during these stages was found to be 37.9%, although the general reduction trend of delta (d), gamma (c), and alpha (a) tocopherols is very similar during neutralization (35.3%), bleaching (38.3%), and deodorization (37.8%). However, in contrast to the neutralizing and deodorizing stages, the bleaching process caused relatively less reduction for individual tocopherol contents. Deodorizer distillates were also analyzed and were found to be rich with tocopherols content (29,348.24 lg/ml). The results of the study indicated that most parts of the tocopherols are wasted during processing. Therefore, the proper concentration of nutritionists, industrialists, and manufacturers is needed for the necessary improvements in processing technology to avoid the major loss of tocopherols and to increase the shelf life, as well as the nutritive value of processed oil.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Changes of Total Tocopherol and Tocopherol Species During Sunflower Oil Processing","attachmentId":51036270,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1307638/Changes_of_Total_Tocopherol_and_Tocopherol_Species_During_Sunflower_Oil_Processing","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1307638/Changes_of_Total_Tocopherol_and_Tocopherol_Species_During_Sunflower_Oil_Processing"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":66456991,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":66456991,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_66456991" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="85881166" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85881166/Ciiaracteristics_and_composition_of_tomato_seed_oil">Ciiaracteristics and composition of tomato seed oil</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48348560" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JTsaknis">John Tsaknis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1998</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline 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href="https://www.academia.edu/116810947/Effect_of_processing_on_the_content_of_fatty_acids_tocopherols_and_sterols_in_the_oils_of_quinoa_Chenopodium_quinoa_Willd_lupine_Lupinus_mutabilis_Sweet_amaranth_Amaranthus_caudatus_L_and_sangorache_Amaranthus_quitensis_L_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="60236485" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60236485/Influ%C3%AAncia_do_m%C3%A9todo_de_esterifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_na_quantifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_%C3%A1cidos_graxos_em_%C3%B3leo_de_oliva">Influência do método de esterificação na quantificação de ácidos graxos em óleo de oliva</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a 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