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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Examples subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Within_a_blog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Within_a_blog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Within a blog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Within_a_blog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Within_application_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Within_application_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Within application software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Within_application_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assigned_to_computer_files" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assigned_to_computer_files"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Assigned to computer files</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assigned_to_computer_files-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-For_an_event" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#For_an_event"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>For an event</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-For_an_event-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>In research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Special types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Special_types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Special types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Special_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Triple_tags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Triple_tags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Triple tags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Triple_tags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hashtags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hashtags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Hashtags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hashtags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Knowledge_tags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Knowledge_tags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Knowledge tags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Knowledge_tags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advantages_and_disadvantages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advantages_and_disadvantages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Advantages and disadvantages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Advantages_and_disadvantages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Advantages and disadvantages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Advantages_and_disadvantages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Complex_system_dynamics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Complex_system_dynamics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Complex system dynamics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Complex_system_dynamics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spamming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spamming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Spamming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spamming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syntax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Syntax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syntax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tag (metadata)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81)" title="وسم (تصنيف) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وسم (تصنيف)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teq_(metadata)" title="Teq (metadata) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Teq (metadata)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B3_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8)" title="Таг (метаданни) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Таг (метаданни)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiqueta_(inform%C3%A0tica)" title="Etiqueta (informàtica) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Etiqueta (informàtica)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_(Informatik)" title="Tag (Informatik) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tag (Informatik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiqueta_(metadato)" title="Etiqueta (metadato) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Etiqueta (metadato)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reta_etikedo" title="Reta etikedo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Reta etikedo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiketa_(metadatua)" title="Etiketa (metadatua) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Etiketa (metadatua)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%A8_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="برچسب (فراداده) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برچسب (فراداده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_(m%C3%A9tadonn%C3%A9e)" title="Tag (métadonnée) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tag (métadonnée)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowrag" title="Cowrag – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Cowrag" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiqueta_(inform%C3%A1tica)" title="Etiqueta (informática) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Etiqueta (informática)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EA%B7%B8_(%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4)" title="태그 (정보) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="태그 (정보)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag" title="Tag – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tag" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Label_metadata" title="Label metadata – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Label metadata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_(metadato)" title="Tag (metadato) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tag (metadato)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%92%D7%99%D7%AA" title="תגית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תגית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ტეგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტეგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapa_(utarakilishi)" title="Tapa (utarakilishi) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tapa (utarakilishi)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atz%C4%ABme" title="Atzīme – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Atzīme" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teg_(metadata)" title="Teg (metadata) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Teg (metadata)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_(metadata)" title="Tag (metadata) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tag (metadata)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%82%AE%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0_(%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF)" title="タギング (コンピュータ) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タギング (コンピュータ)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagg_(metadata)" title="Tagg (metadata) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tagg (metadata)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_(znacznik)" title="Tag (znacznik) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tag (znacznik)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiqueta_(metadados)" title="Etiqueta (metadados) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Etiqueta (metadados)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_(metadata)" title="Tag (metadata) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tag (metadata)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B3_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5)" title="Тег (метаданные) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тег (метаданные)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_(web)" title="Tag (web) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tag (web)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oznaka_(metapodaci)" title="Oznaka (metapodaci) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Oznaka (metapodaci)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taggning" title="Taggning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Taggning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B3_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96)" title="Тег (метадані) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тег (метадані)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag" title="Tag – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tag" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE_(%E5%85%83%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE)" title="标签 (元数据) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="标签 (元数据)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q658349#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Keyword assigned to information</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">Markup language</a> or <a href="/wiki/HTML_element" title="HTML element">HTML element</a> tags.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">Hashtag</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mention_(blogging)" title="Mention (blogging)">Mention (blogging)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Web_2.0_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Web_2.0_Map.svg/250px-Web_2.0_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Web_2.0_Map.svg/375px-Web_2.0_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Web_2.0_Map.svg/500px-Web_2.0_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Tag_cloud" title="Tag cloud">tag cloud</a> with terms related to <a href="/wiki/Web_2.0" title="Web 2.0">Web 2.0</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Information_system" title="Information system">information systems</a>, a <b>tag</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Index_term" title="Index term">keyword or term</a> assigned to a piece of information (such as an <a href="/wiki/Bookmark_(World_Wide_Web)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookmark (World Wide Web)">Internet bookmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a>, database <a href="/wiki/Record_(computer_science)" title="Record (computer science)">record</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Computer_file" title="Computer file">computer file</a>). This kind of <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> helps describe an item and allows it to be found again by browsing or searching.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tags are generally chosen informally and personally by the item's creator or by its viewer, depending on the system, although they may also be chosen from a <a href="/wiki/Controlled_vocabulary" title="Controlled vocabulary">controlled vocabulary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith2008_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 68">: 68 </span></sup> </p><p>Tagging was popularized by <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">websites</a> associated with <a href="/wiki/Web_2.0" title="Web 2.0">Web 2.0</a> and is an important feature of many Web 2.0 services.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith2008_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Breslin-et-al-2009_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breslin-et-al-2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is now also part of other <a href="/wiki/Database_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Database system">database systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desktop_application" class="mw-redirect" title="Desktop application">desktop applications</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JonesHafner2012_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JonesHafner2012-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag_(metadata)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>People use tags to aid <a href="/wiki/Classification_(machine_learning)" class="mw-redirect" title="Classification (machine learning)">classification</a>, mark ownership, note <a href="/wiki/Boundary_critique" title="Boundary critique">boundaries</a>, and indicate <a href="/wiki/Online_identity" title="Online identity">online identity</a>. Tags may take the form of words, images, or other identifying marks. An analogous example of tags in the physical world is <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">museum</a> object tagging. People were using textual <a href="/wiki/Index_term" title="Index term">keywords</a> to <a href="/wiki/Document_classification" title="Document classification">classify information</a> and objects long before computers. Computer based <a href="/wiki/Search_algorithm" title="Search algorithm">search algorithms</a> made the use of such keywords a rapid way of exploring records. </p><p>Tagging gained popularity due to the growth of <a href="/wiki/Social_bookmarking" title="Social bookmarking">social bookmarking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Image_sharing" title="Image sharing">image sharing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Social_networking" class="mw-redirect" title="Social networking">social networking</a> websites.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith2008_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These sites allow users to create and manage labels (or "tags") that categorize content using simple keywords. Websites that include tags often display collections of tags as <a href="/wiki/Tag_cloud" title="Tag cloud">tag clouds</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Blogs_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blogs-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as do some desktop applications.<sup id="cite_ref-DesktopTagCloud_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DesktopTagCloud-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On websites that aggregate the tags of all users, an individual user's tags can be useful both to them and to the larger community of the website's users. </p><p>Tagging systems have sometimes been classified into two kinds: <i>top-down</i> and <i>bottom-up</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Breslin-et-al-2009_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breslin-et-al-2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 142">: 142 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JonesHafner2012_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JonesHafner2012-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 24">: 24 </span></sup> Top-down <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxonomy (general)">taxonomies</a> are created by an authorized group of designers (sometimes in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Controlled_vocabulary" title="Controlled vocabulary">controlled vocabulary</a>), whereas bottom-up taxonomies (called <a href="/wiki/Folksonomy" title="Folksonomy">folksonomies</a>) are created by all users.<sup id="cite_ref-Breslin-et-al-2009_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breslin-et-al-2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 142">: 142 </span></sup> This definition of "top down" and "bottom up" should not be confused with the distinction between a <i>single hierarchical</i> <a href="/wiki/Tree_structure" title="Tree structure">tree structure</a> (in which there is one correct way to classify each item) versus <i>multiple non-hierarchical</i> <a href="/wiki/Set_(abstract_data_type)" title="Set (abstract data type)">sets</a> (in which there are multiple ways to classify an item); the structure of both top-down and bottom-up taxonomies may be either hierarchical, non-hierarchical, or a combination of both.<sup id="cite_ref-Breslin-et-al-2009_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breslin-et-al-2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 142–143">: 142–143 </span></sup> Some researchers and applications have experimented with combining hierarchical and non-hierarchical tagging to aid in information retrieval.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others are combining top-down and bottom-up tagging,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including in some large library catalogs (<a href="/wiki/Online_public_access_catalog" title="Online public access catalog">OPACs</a>) such as <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yee_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yee-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 74">: 74 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When tags or other taxonomies have further properties (or <a href="/wiki/Semantics_(computer_science)" title="Semantics (computer science)">semantics</a>) such as <a href="/wiki/Relation_(philosophy)" title="Relation (philosophy)">relationships</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attribute_(computing)" title="Attribute (computing)">attributes</a>, they constitute an <a href="/wiki/Ontology_(information_science)" title="Ontology (information science)">ontology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Breslin-et-al-2009_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breslin-et-al-2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 56–62">: 56–62 </span></sup> </p><p>Metadata tags as described in this article should not be confused with the use of the word "tag" in some software to refer to an automatically generated <a href="/wiki/Cross-reference" title="Cross-reference">cross-reference</a>; examples of the latter are <i>tags tables</i> in <a href="/wiki/Emacs" title="Emacs">Emacs</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Smart_tag_(Microsoft)" title="Smart tag (Microsoft)"><i>smart tags</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag_(metadata)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of keywords as part of an identification and classification system long predates computers. <a href="/wiki/Paper_data_storage" title="Paper data storage">Paper data storage</a> devices, notably <a href="/wiki/Edge-notched_card" title="Edge-notched card">edge-notched cards</a>, that permitted classification and sorting by multiple criteria were already in use prior to the twentieth century, and <a href="/wiki/Faceted_classification" title="Faceted classification">faceted classification</a> has been used by libraries since the 1930s. </p><p>In the late 1970s and early 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Emacs" title="Emacs">Emacs</a>, the text editor for <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> systems, offered a companion software program called <i>Tags</i> that could automatically build a table of cross-references called a <i>tags table</i> that Emacs could use to jump between a <a href="/wiki/Function_call" class="mw-redirect" title="Function call">function call</a> and that function's definition.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This use of the word "tag" did not refer to metadata tags, but was an early use of the word "tag" in software to refer to a <a href="/wiki/Index_(publishing)" title="Index (publishing)">word index</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Online_database" title="Online database">Online databases</a> and early websites deployed keyword tags as a way for publishers to help users find content. In the early days of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>, the <code>keywords</code> <a href="/wiki/Meta_element" title="Meta element">meta element</a> was used by <a href="/wiki/Web_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Web designer">web designers</a> to tell <a href="/wiki/Web_search_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Web search engine">web search engines</a> what the web page was about, but these keywords were only visible in a web page's <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> and were not modifiable by users. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Description_of_the_Equator_and_Some_Otherlands,_collaborative_hypercinema_portal_Upload_page.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/A_Description_of_the_Equator_and_Some_Otherlands%2C_collaborative_hypercinema_portal_Upload_page.jpg/220px-A_Description_of_the_Equator_and_Some_Otherlands%2C_collaborative_hypercinema_portal_Upload_page.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/A_Description_of_the_Equator_and_Some_Otherlands%2C_collaborative_hypercinema_portal_Upload_page.jpg/330px-A_Description_of_the_Equator_and_Some_Otherlands%2C_collaborative_hypercinema_portal_Upload_page.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/A_Description_of_the_Equator_and_Some_Otherlands%2C_collaborative_hypercinema_portal_Upload_page.jpg/440px-A_Description_of_the_Equator_and_Some_Otherlands%2C_collaborative_hypercinema_portal_Upload_page.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption>"A Description of the Equator and Some ØtherLands", collaborative hypercinema portal, produced by documenta X, 1997. User upload page associating user contributed media with the term <i>Tag</i>.</figcaption></figure><p> In 1997, the collaborative portal "A Description of the Equator and Some ØtherLands" produced by <a href="/wiki/Documenta" title="Documenta">documenta</a> X, Germany, used the <a href="/wiki/Folksonomy" title="Folksonomy">folksonomic</a> term <i>Tag</i> for its co-authors and guest authors on its Upload page.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In "The Equator" the term <i>Tag</i> for user-input was described as an <i>abstract literal or keyword</i> to aid the user. However, users defined singular <i>Tags</i>, and did not share <i>Tags</i> at that point. </p><p>In 2003, the <a href="/wiki/Social_bookmarking" title="Social bookmarking">social bookmarking</a> website <a href="/wiki/Delicious_(website)" title="Delicious (website)">Delicious</a> provided a way for its users to add "tags" to their bookmarks (as a way to help find them later);<sup id="cite_ref-Smith2008_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 162">: 162 </span></sup> Delicious also provided browseable aggregated views of the bookmarks of all users featuring a particular tag.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within a couple of years, the <a href="/wiki/Photo_sharing" class="mw-redirect" title="Photo sharing">photo sharing</a> website <a href="/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a> allowed its users to add their own text tags to each of their pictures, constructing flexible and easy metadata that made the pictures highly searchable.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The success of Flickr and the influence of Delicious popularized the concept,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other <a href="/wiki/Social_software" title="Social software">social software</a> websites—such as <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Technorati" title="Technorati">Technorati</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Last.fm" title="Last.fm">Last.fm</a>—also implemented tagging.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, the <a href="/wiki/Atom_(standard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom (standard)">Atom</a> web syndication standard provided a "category" element for inserting subject categories into <a href="/wiki/Web_feed" title="Web feed">web feeds</a>, and in 2007 <a href="/wiki/Tim_Bray" title="Tim Bray">Tim Bray</a> proposed a "tag" <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Name" title="Uniform Resource Name">URN</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag_(metadata)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Within_a_blog">Within a blog</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag_(metadata)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Within a blog"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many systems (and other web <a href="/wiki/Content_management_system" title="Content management system">content management systems</a>) allow authors to add free-form tags to a post, along with (or instead of) placing the post into a predetermined category.<sup id="cite_ref-Blogs_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blogs-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, a post may display that it has been tagged with <code>baseball</code> and <code>tickets</code>. Each of those tags is usually a <a href="/wiki/Web_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Web link">web link</a> leading to an index page listing all of the posts associated with that tag. The blog may have a sidebar listing all the tags in use on that blog, with each tag leading to an index page. To reclassify a post, an author edits its list of tags. All connections between posts are automatically tracked and updated by the blog software; there is no need to relocate the page within a complex hierarchy of categories. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Within_application_software">Within application software</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag_(metadata)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Within application software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tag_editor" title="Tag editor">Tag editor</a></div> <p>Some <a href="/wiki/Desktop_application" class="mw-redirect" title="Desktop application">desktop applications</a> and <a href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">web applications</a> feature their own tagging systems, such as email tagging in <a href="/wiki/Gmail" title="Gmail">Gmail</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird" title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Mozilla Thunderbird</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Yee_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yee-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 73">: 73 </span></sup> bookmark tagging in <a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> audio tagging in <a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Winamp" title="Winamp">Winamp</a>, and photo tagging in various applications.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these applications display collections of tags as <a href="/wiki/Tag_cloud" title="Tag cloud">tag clouds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DesktopTagCloud_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DesktopTagCloud-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assigned_to_computer_files">Assigned to computer files</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag_(metadata)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Assigned to computer files"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are various systems for applying tags to the files in a computer's <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file system</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Mac</a> <a href="/wiki/System_7" title="System 7">System 7</a>, released in 1991, users could assign one of <a href="/wiki/Label_(Mac_OS)" title="Label (Mac OS)">seven editable colored labels</a> (with editable names such as "Essential", "Hot", and "In Progress") to each file and folder.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In later iterations of the Mac operating system ever since <a href="/wiki/OS_X_10.9" class="mw-redirect" title="OS X 10.9">OS X 10.9</a> was released in 2013, users could assign multiple arbitrary tags as <a href="/wiki/Extended_file_attributes" title="Extended file attributes">extended file attributes</a> to any file or folder,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and before that time the <a href="/wiki/Open-source_license" title="Open-source license">open-source</a> OpenMeta standard provided similar tagging functionality for <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several <a href="/wiki/Semantic_file_system" title="Semantic file system">semantic file systems</a> that implement tags are available for the <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Tagsistant" title="Tagsistant">Tagsistant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> allows users to set tags only on <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a> documents and some kinds of picture files.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">Cross-platform</a> file tagging standards include <a href="/wiki/Extensible_Metadata_Platform" title="Extensible Metadata Platform">Extensible Metadata Platform</a> (XMP), an <a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Organization_for_Standardization_standards" class="mw-redirect" title="List of International Organization for Standardization standards">ISO standard</a> for embedding metadata into popular image, video and document file formats, such as <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a> and <a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>, without breaking their readability by applications that do not support XMP.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> XMP largely supersedes the earlier <a href="/wiki/IPTC_Information_Interchange_Model" title="IPTC Information Interchange Model">IPTC Information Interchange Model</a>. <a href="/wiki/Exif" title="Exif">Exif</a> is a standard that specifies the image and audio <a href="/wiki/File_format" title="File format">file formats</a> used by <a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital cameras</a>, including some metadata tags.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/TagSpaces" title="TagSpaces">TagSpaces</a> is an open-source cross-platform application for tagging files; it inserts tags into the <a href="/wiki/Filename" title="Filename">filename</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="For_an_event">For an event</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag_(metadata)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: For an event"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An <i>official tag</i> is a keyword adopted by events and conferences for participants to use in their web publications, such as blog entries, photos of the event, and presentation slides.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Search engines can then index them to make relevant materials related to the event searchable in a uniform way. In this case, the tag is part of a <a href="/wiki/Controlled_vocabulary" title="Controlled vocabulary">controlled vocabulary</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_research">In research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag_(metadata)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A researcher may work with a large collection of items (e.g. press quotes, a bibliography, images) in digital form. If he/she wishes to associate each with a small number of themes (e.g. to chapters of a book, or to sub-themes of the overall subject), then a group of tags for these themes can be attached to each of the items in the larger collection.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this way, freeform <a href="/wiki/Categorization" class="mw-redirect" title="Categorization">classification</a> allows the author to manage what would otherwise be unwieldy amounts of information.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_types">Special types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag_(metadata)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Special types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Triple_tags">Triple tags</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag_(metadata)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Triple tags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Microformat" title="Microformat">Microformat</a></div> <p>A <b>triple tag</b> or <b>machine tag</b> uses a special <a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">syntax</a> to define extra <a href="/wiki/Semantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Semantic">semantic</a> information about the tag, making it easier or more meaningful for interpretation by a computer program.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Triple tags comprise three parts: a <a href="/wiki/Namespace" title="Namespace">namespace</a>, a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/predicate" class="extiw" title="wikt:predicate">predicate</a>, and a value. For example, <code>geo:long=50.123456</code> is a tag for the geographical <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a> coordinate whose value is 50.123456. This triple structure is similar to the <a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">Resource Description Framework</a> model for information. </p><p>The triple tag format was first devised for geolicious in November 2004,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to map <a href="/wiki/Delicious_(website)" title="Delicious (website)">Delicious</a> bookmarks, and gained wider acceptance after its adoption by Mappr and GeoBloggers to map <a href="/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a> photos.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2007, Aaron Straup Cope at Flickr introduced the term <i>machine tag</i> as an alternative name for the triple tag, adding some questions and answers on purpose, syntax, and use.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Specialized metadata for geographical identification is known as <i><a href="/wiki/Geotagging" title="Geotagging">geotagging</a></i>; machine tags are also used for other purposes, such as identifying photos taken at a specific event or naming species using <a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">binomial nomenclature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hashtags">Hashtags</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag_(metadata)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Hashtags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">Hashtag</a></div> <p>A hashtag is a kind of metadata tag marked by the prefix <code>#</code>, sometimes known as a "hash" symbol. This form of tagging is used on <a href="/wiki/Microblogging" title="Microblogging">microblogging</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_networking_service" title="Social networking service">social networking services</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google%2B" title="Google+">Google+</a>, <a href="/wiki/VK_(social_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="VK (social network)">VK</a> and <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a>. The hash is used to distinguish tag text, as distinct, from other text in the post. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Knowledge_tags">Knowledge tags</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag_(metadata)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Knowledge tags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_base" title="Knowledge base">Knowledge base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_organization" title="Knowledge organization">Knowledge organization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_representation" class="mw-redirect" title="Knowledge representation">Knowledge representation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Personal_knowledge_base" title="Personal knowledge base">Personal knowledge base</a></div> <p>A <b>knowledge tag</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">meta-information</a> that describes or defines some aspect of a piece of information (such as a <a href="/wiki/Document" title="Document">document</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_image" title="Digital image">digital image</a>, <a href="/wiki/Database_table" class="mw-redirect" title="Database table">database table</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">web page</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Panda-et-al-2012_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Panda-et-al-2012-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Knowledge tags are more than traditional non-hierarchical <a href="/wiki/Index_term" title="Index term">keywords or terms</a>; they are a type of <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> that captures knowledge in the form of descriptions, categorizations, classifications, <a href="/wiki/Semantics" title="Semantics">semantics</a>, comments, notes, annotations, <a href="/wiki/Hyperdata" title="Hyperdata">hyperdata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyperlinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperlinks">hyperlinks</a>, or references that are collected in tag profiles (a kind of <a href="/wiki/Ontology_(information_science)" title="Ontology (information science)">ontology</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Panda-et-al-2012_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Panda-et-al-2012-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These tag profiles reference an information resource that resides in a distributed, and often heterogeneous, storage repository.<sup id="cite_ref-Panda-et-al-2012_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Panda-et-al-2012-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knowledge tags are part of a <a href="/wiki/Knowledge_management" title="Knowledge management">knowledge management</a> discipline that leverages <a href="/wiki/Enterprise_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Enterprise 2.0">Enterprise 2.0</a> methodologies for users to capture insights, expertise, attributes, dependencies, or relationships associated with a data resource.<sup id="cite_ref-Breslin-et-al-2009_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breslin-et-al-2009-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 251">: 251 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wiig_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiig-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different kinds of knowledge can be captured in knowledge tags, including factual knowledge (that found in books and data), conceptual knowledge (found in perspectives and concepts), expectational knowledge (needed to make judgments and hypothesis), and methodological knowledge (derived from reasoning and strategies).<sup id="cite_ref-Wiig_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiig-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These forms of <a href="/wiki/Knowledge" title="Knowledge">knowledge</a> often exist outside the data itself and are derived from personal experience, insight, or expertise. Knowledge tags are considered an expansion of the information itself that adds additional value, context, and meaning to the information. Knowledge tags are valuable for preserving organizational intelligence that is often lost due to <a href="/wiki/Turnover_(employment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turnover (employment)">turnover</a>, for sharing knowledge stored in the minds of individuals that is typically isolated and unharnessed by the organization, and for connecting knowledge that is often lost or disconnected from an information resource.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advantages_and_disadvantages">Advantages and disadvantages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag_(metadata)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Advantages and disadvantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a typical tagging system, there is no explicit information about the meaning or <a href="/wiki/Semantics" title="Semantics">semantics</a> of each tag, and a user can apply new tags to an item as easily as applying older tags.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith2008_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hierarchical classification systems can be slow to change, and are rooted in the culture and era that created them; in contrast, the flexibility of tagging allows users to classify their collections of items in the ways that they find useful, but the personalized variety of terms can present challenges when searching and browsing. </p><p>When users can freely choose tags (creating a <a href="/wiki/Folksonomy" title="Folksonomy">folksonomy</a>, as opposed to selecting terms from a <a href="/wiki/Controlled_vocabulary" title="Controlled vocabulary">controlled vocabulary</a>), the resulting metadata can include <a href="/wiki/Homonym" title="Homonym">homonyms</a> (the same tags used with different meanings) and <a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">synonyms</a> (multiple tags for the same concept), which may lead to inappropriate connections between items and inefficient searches for information about a subject.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the tag "orange" may refer to the <a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">fruit</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Orange_(colour)" title="Orange (colour)">color</a>, and items related to a version of the <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a> may be tagged "Linux", "kernel", "Penguin", "software", or a variety of other terms. Users can also choose tags that are different <a href="/wiki/Inflection" title="Inflection">inflections</a> of words (such as singular and plural),<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which can contribute to navigation difficulties if the system does not include <a href="/wiki/Stemming" title="Stemming">stemming</a> of tags when searching or browsing. Larger-scale folksonomies address some of the problems of tagging, in that users of tagging systems tend to notice the current use of "tag terms" within these systems, and thus use existing tags in order to easily form connections to related items. In this way, folksonomies may collectively develop a partial set of tagging conventions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Complex_system_dynamics">Complex system dynamics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag_(metadata)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Complex system dynamics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite the apparent lack of control, research has shown that a simple form of shared vocabulary emerges in social bookmarking systems. Collaborative tagging exhibits a form of <a href="/wiki/Complex_system" title="Complex system">complex systems</a> dynamics (or <a href="/wiki/Self-organization" title="Self-organization">self-organizing</a> dynamics).<sup id="cite_ref-WWW07-ref_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWW07-ref-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, even if no central controlled vocabulary constrains the actions of individual users, the distribution of tags converges over time to stable <a href="/wiki/Power_law" title="Power law">power law</a> distributions.<sup id="cite_ref-WWW07-ref_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWW07-ref-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once such stable distributions form, simple <a href="/wiki/Folksonomy" title="Folksonomy">folksonomic</a> vocabularies can be extracted by examining the <a href="/wiki/Correlation" title="Correlation">correlations</a> that form between different tags. In addition, research has suggested that it is easier for <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a> algorithms to learn tag semantics when users tag "verbosely"—when they annotate resources with a wealth of freely associated, descriptive keywords.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spamming">Spamming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag_(metadata)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Spamming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tagging systems open to the public are also open to tag spam, in which people apply an excessive number of tags or unrelated tags to an item (such as a <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> video) in order to attract viewers. This abuse can be mitigated using human or statistical identification of spam items.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of tags allowed may also be limited to reduce spam. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag_(metadata)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Syntax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some tagging systems provide a single <a href="/wiki/Text_box" title="Text box">text box</a> to enter tags, so to be able to <a href="/wiki/Tokenize" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokenize">tokenize</a> the string, a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/separator" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:separator">separator</a> must be used. Two popular separators are the <a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)" title="Space (punctuation)">space character</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">comma</a>. To enable the use of separators in the tags, a system may allow for higher-level separators (such as <a href="/wiki/Quotation_mark" title="Quotation mark">quotation marks</a>) or <a href="/wiki/Escape_character" title="Escape character">escape characters</a>. Systems can avoid the use of separators by allowing only one tag to be added to each input <a href="/wiki/Web_widget" title="Web widget">widget</a> at a time, although this makes adding multiple tags more time-consuming. </p><p>A syntax for use within <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> is to use the <b>rel-tag</b> <a href="/wiki/Microformat" title="Microformat">microformat</a> which uses the <a href="/wiki/Rel_attribute" class="mw-redirect" title="Rel attribute"><i>rel</i> attribute</a> with value "tag" (i.e., <code>rel="tag"</code>) to indicate that the linked-to page acts as a tag for the current context.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag_(metadata)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annotation" title="Annotation">Annotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_intelligence" title="Collective intelligence">Collective intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concept_map" title="Concept map">Concept map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_bookmarking" title="Enterprise bookmarking">Enterprise bookmarking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_social_software" title="Enterprise social software">Enterprise social software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expert_system" title="Expert system">Expert system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explicit_knowledge" title="Explicit knowledge">Explicit knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction" title="Human–computer interaction">Human–computer interaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_ecology" title="Information ecology">Information ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_transfer" title="Knowledge transfer">Knowledge transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_worker" title="Knowledge worker">Knowledge worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_information_system" title="Management information system">Management information system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-knowledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Meta-knowledge">Meta-knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_memory" title="Organizational memory">Organizational memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RRID" class="mw-redirect" title="RRID">RRID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantics" title="Semantics">Semantics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web">Semantic Web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_network_aggregation" title="Social network aggregation">Social network aggregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subject_(documents)" title="Subject (documents)">Subject (documents)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subject_indexing" title="Subject indexing">Subject indexing</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag_(metadata)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Blogs-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blogs_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blogs_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, <a href="/wiki/Blogger" class="mw-redirect" title="Blogger">Blogger</a> and <a href="/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a> can display tag clouds.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DesktopTagCloud-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DesktopTagCloud_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DesktopTagCloud_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">For example: Leap is a <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> application that features a clickable tag cloud of macOS tags.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TaggTool is a <a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a> application that permits tagging files and displaying a tag cloud.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag_(metadata)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some users, however, see tags not as metadata but as "just more content": <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBerendtHanser2007" class="citation book cs1">Berendt, Bettina; Hanser, Christoph (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icwsm.org/papers/2--Berendt-Hanser.pdf">"Tags are not metadata, but 'just more content'—to some people"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM), Boulder, Colorado, USA, March 26–28, 2007</i>. Menlo Park, CA: <a href="/wiki/International_Joint_Conferences_on_Artificial_Intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence">International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/799635928">799635928</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tags+are+not+metadata%2C+but+%27just+more+content%27%E2%80%94to+some+people&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+International+Conference+on+Weblogs+and+Social+Media+%28ICWSM%29%2C+Boulder%2C+Colorado%2C+USA%2C+March+26%E2%80%9328%2C+2007&rft.place=Menlo+Park%2C+CA&rft.pub=International+Joint+Conferences+on+Artificial+Intelligence&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F799635928&rft.aulast=Berendt&rft.aufirst=Bettina&rft.au=Hanser%2C+Christoph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ficwsm.org%2Fpapers%2F2--Berendt-Hanser.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATag+%28metadata%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith2008-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith2008_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith2008_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith2008_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith2008_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith2008_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2008" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Gene (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780321529176"><i>Tagging: people-powered metadata for the social web</i></a>. Berkeley: <a href="/wiki/New_Riders_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="New Riders Press">New Riders Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780321529176" title="Special:BookSources/9780321529176"><bdi>9780321529176</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/154806677">154806677</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tagging%3A+people-powered+metadata+for+the+social+web&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=New+Riders+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F154806677&rft.isbn=9780321529176&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780321529176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATag+%28metadata%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Breslin-et-al-2009-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Breslin-et-al-2009_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breslin-et-al-2009_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breslin-et-al-2009_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breslin-et-al-2009_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breslin-et-al-2009_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Breslin-et-al-2009_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreslinPassantDecker2009" class="citation book cs1">Breslin, John G.; Passant, Alexandre; Decker, Stefan (2009). <i>The social semantic web</i>. Heidelberg; New York: <a href="/wiki/Springer-Verlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer-Verlag">Springer-Verlag</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-642-01172-6">10.1007/978-3-642-01172-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783642011719" title="Special:BookSources/9783642011719"><bdi>9783642011719</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/506401195">506401195</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+social+semantic+web&rft.place=Heidelberg%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F506401195&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-642-01172-6&rft.isbn=9783642011719&rft.aulast=Breslin&rft.aufirst=John+G.&rft.au=Passant%2C+Alexandre&rft.au=Decker%2C+Stefan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATag+%28metadata%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JonesHafner2012-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JonesHafner2012_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JonesHafner2012_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonesHafner2012" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Rodney H.; Hafner, Christoph A. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-uySkGNM4RAC&pg=PA23">"Networks and organization"</a>. <i>Understanding digital literacies: a practical introduction</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2017</span>. <q>As with all the other options here, meta data can be added to individual files to help improve their find-ability, and uniquely the tag cloud field within Leap's interface allows you to quickly drill down to individually labelled files without fuss.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=creativebloq.com&rft.atitle=The+pro+designer%27s+guide+to+photo+organization&rft.date=2013-04-12&rft.aulast=Hampton-Smith&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.creativebloq.com%2Fdesign-tools%2Forganising-your-images-4132310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATag+%28metadata%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry2010" class="citation web cs1">Henry, Alan (28 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150711002811/http://appscout.pcmag.com/utilities/270236-taggtool-organize-your-files-by-keyword">"TaggTool: organize your files by keyword"</a>. <i>pcmag.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a>. 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"Tagging for libraries: a review of the effectiveness of tagging systems for library catalogs". <i>Journal of Library Metadata</i>. <b>13</b> (1): 36–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F19386389.2013.778730">10.1080/19386389.2013.778730</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:62681953">62681953</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Library+Metadata&rft.atitle=Tagging+for+libraries%3A+a+review+of+the+effectiveness+of+tagging+systems+for+library+catalogs&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=36-58&rft.date=2013-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F19386389.2013.778730&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A62681953%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gerolimos&rft.aufirst=Michalis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATag+%28metadata%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaman1997" class="citation book cs1">Raman, T. V. (1997). <i>Auditory user interfaces: toward the speaking computer</i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Kluwer_Academic_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Kluwer Academic Publishers">Kluwer Academic Publishers</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-_rxBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA107">107</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4615-6225-2">10.1007/978-1-4615-6225-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-9984-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-9984-1"><bdi>978-0-7923-9984-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/37109286">37109286</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:34186988">34186988</a>. <q>Calling a function defined in one compilation unit from within another is analogous to cross references in large hypertext documents. By using tags tables, the Emacs environment enables the user to turn program source code into powerful hypertext documents.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Auditory+user+interfaces%3A+toward+the+speaking+computer&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Kluwer+Academic+Publishers&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F37109286&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A34186988%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4615-6225-2&rft.isbn=978-0-7923-9984-1&rft.aulast=Raman&rft.aufirst=T.+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATag+%28metadata%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWempen2010" class="citation book cs1">Wempen, Faithe (2010). <i>Teach yourself visually Microsoft Access 2010</i>. Indianapolis: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RhziOINLvHsC&pg=PA69">69</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-57765-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-57765-3"><bdi>978-0-470-57765-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/495271168">495271168</a>. <q>You can turn on smart tags for a field to make it easier to cross-reference data between the Access database and Microsoft Outlook (or another personal information and e-mail program) and the Web.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teach+yourself+visually+Microsoft+Access+2010&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F495271168&rft.isbn=978-0-470-57765-3&rft.aulast=Wempen&rft.aufirst=Faithe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATag+%28metadata%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyrowitzDam1982" class="citation journal cs1">Meyrowitz, Norman; Dam, Andries (September 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F356887.356890">"Interactive Editing Systems: Part II"</a>. <i>ACM Computing Surveys</i>. <b>14</b> (3): 353–415 (366–367). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F356887.356890">10.1145/356887.356890</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16977965">16977965</a>. <q>EMACS is an M.I.T. display editor designed to be 'extensible, customizable, and self-documenting' [...] Another interesting facility for program editing is the TAGS package. The separate program TAGS builds a TAGS table containing the file name and position in that file in which each application program function is defined. This table is loaded into EMACS; specifying the command Meta, <i>function name</i> causes EMACS to select the appropriate file and go to the proper function definition within that file.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACM+Computing+Surveys&rft.atitle=Interactive+Editing+Systems%3A+Part+II&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=353-415+%28366-367%29&rft.date=1982-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F356887.356890&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A16977965%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Meyrowitz&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.au=Dam%2C+Andries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F356887.356890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATag+%28metadata%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010818013629/http://aporee.org/equator/">"A Description of the Equator and Some ØtherLands"</a>. <i>aporee.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aporee.org/equator/">the original</a> on 18 August 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aporee.org&rft.atitle=A+Description+of+the+Equator+and+Some+%C3%98therLands&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faporee.org%2Fequator%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATag+%28metadata%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/joshu/765809051/in/set-72157600740166824/">Screenshot of tags on del.icio.us</a> in 2004 and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/joshu/765817375/in/set-72157600740166824/">Screenshot of a tag page on del.icio.us</a>, also in 2004, both published by <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Schachter" title="Joshua Schachter">Joshua Schachter</a> on July 9, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarrett2005" class="citation web cs1">Garrett, Jesse James (4 August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018072846/http://www.adaptivepath.org/ideas/e000519/">"An Interview with Flickr's Eric Costello"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adaptivepath.org/ideas/e000519/">the original</a> on 18 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2017</span>. <q>Tags were not in the initial version of Flickr. Stewart Butterfield wanted to add them. He liked the way they worked on del.icio.us, the social bookmarking application. We added very simple tagging functionality, so you could tag your photos, and then look at all your photos with a particular tag, or any one person's photos with a particular tag. Soon thereafter, users started telling us that what was really interesting about tagging was not just how you've tagged your photos, but how the whole Flickr community has been tagging photos. So we started seeing a lot of requests from users to be able to see a global view of the tagscape.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Interview+with+Flickr%27s+Eric+Costello&rft.date=2005-08-04&rft.aulast=Garrett&rft.aufirst=Jesse+James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadaptivepath.org%2Fideas%2Fe000519%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATag+%28metadata%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathes2004" class="citation web cs1">Mathes, Adam (December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170309071911/http://www.adammathes.com/academic/computer-mediated-communication/folksonomies.html">"Folksonomies: cooperative classification and communication through shared metadata"</a>. <i>adammathes.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adammathes.com/academic/computer-mediated-communication/folksonomies.html">the original</a> on 9 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=adammathes.com&rft.atitle=Folksonomies%3A+cooperative+classification+and+communication+through+shared+metadata&rft.date=2004-12&rft.aulast=Mathes&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adammathes.com%2Facademic%2Fcomputer-mediated-communication%2Ffolksonomies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATag+%28metadata%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuptaLiYinHan2011" class="citation book cs1">Gupta, Manish; Li, Rui; Yin, Zhijun; Han, Jiawei (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SE2iRgeYYwcC&pg=PA446">"An overview of social tagging and applications"</a>. In Aggarwal, Charu C. (ed.). <i>Social network data analytics</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Springer-Verlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer-Verlag">Springer-Verlag</a>. pp. 447–497. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4419-8462-3_16">10.1007/978-1-4419-8462-3_16</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781441984616" title="Special:BookSources/9781441984616"><bdi>9781441984616</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/709712928">709712928</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+social+tagging+and+applications&rft.btitle=Social+network+data+analytics&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=447-497&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F709712928&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4419-8462-3_16&rft.isbn=9781441984616&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Manish&rft.au=Li%2C+Rui&rft.au=Yin%2C+Zhijun&rft.au=Han%2C+Jiawei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSE2iRgeYYwcC%26pg%3DPA446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATag+%28metadata%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBray2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Bray" title="Tim Bray">Bray, Tim</a> (1 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161105032324/http://www.tbray.org/tmp/tag-urn.html">"A Uniform Resource Name (URN) namespace for tag metadata"</a>. <i>tbray.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tbray.org/tmp/tag-urn.html">the original</a> on 5 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tbray.org&rft.atitle=A+Uniform+Resource+Name+%28URN%29+namespace+for+tag+metadata&rft.date=2007-02-01&rft.aulast=Bray&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbray.org%2Ftmp%2Ftag-urn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATag+%28metadata%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161012154755/https://blog.mozilla.org/theden/2013/08/26/firefox-tip-find-bookmarks-faster-with-tags/">"Firefox tip: find bookmarks faster with tags"</a>. <i>blog.mozilla.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Foundation" title="Mozilla Foundation">Mozilla Foundation</a>. 26 August 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.mozilla.org/theden/2013/08/26/firefox-tip-find-bookmarks-faster-with-tags/">the original</a> on 12 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stanford.edu&rft.atitle=Tag+spam&rft.aulast=Heymann&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheymann.stanford.edu%2Ftagspam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATag+%28metadata%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://microformats.org/wiki/rel-tag">"Microformats wiki: rel='tag'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>microformats.org</i>. 10 January 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=microformats.org&rft.atitle=Microformats+wiki%3A+rel%3D%27tag%27&rft.date=2005-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmicroformats.org%2Fwiki%2Frel-tag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATag+%28metadata%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Web_syndication" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Web_syndication" title="Template:Web syndication"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Web_syndication" title="Template talk:Web syndication"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Web_syndication" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Web syndication"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Web_syndication" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Web_syndication" title="Web syndication">Web syndication</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>History</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_blogging" title="History of blogging">Blogging</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_podcasting" title="History of podcasting">Podcasting</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vlog#History" title="Vlog">Vlogging</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_web_syndication_technology" title="History of web syndication technology">Web syndication technology</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Niche_blogging" title="Niche blogging">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_blog" title="Art blog">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_blogosphere" title="Mormon blogosphere">Bloggernacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_music_blog" title="Classical music blog">Classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_blog" title="Corporate blog">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_diary" title="Dream diary">Dream diary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edublog" title="Edublog">Edublog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic journal">Electronic journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astroturfing" title="Astroturfing">Fake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_family-and-homemaking_blogs" title="List of family-and-homemaking blogs">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_blog" title="Fashion blog">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_blogging" title="Food blogging">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_blog" title="Health blog">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blawg" class="mw-redirect" title="Blawg">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifelog" title="Lifelog">Lifelog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3_blog" title="MP3 blog">MP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photoblog" title="Photoblog">Photoblog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_blog" title="Police blog">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog#Political_impact" title="Blog">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_diary" title="Project diary">Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_blog" title="Reverse blog">Reverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_blog" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel blog">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warblog" class="mw-redirect" title="Warblog">Warblog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent">BitTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feed_URI_scheme" title="Feed URI scheme">Feed URI scheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linkback" title="Linkback">Linkback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permalink" title="Permalink">Permalink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping_(blogging)" title="Ping (blogging)">Ping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingback" title="Pingback">Pingback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reblogging" title="Reblogging">Reblogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refback" title="Refback">Refback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollback_(data_management)" title="Rollback (data management)">Rollback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trackback" title="Trackback">Trackback</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mechanism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thread_(Internet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thread (Internet)">Thread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotagging" title="Geotagging">Geotagging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSS_enclosure" title="RSS enclosure">RSS enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FeedSync#Examples" title="FeedSync">Synchronization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Memetics" title="Memetics">Memetics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atom_(web_standard)" title="Atom (web standard)">Atom feed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_feed" title="Data feed">Data feed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photofeed" title="Photofeed">Photofeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_feed" title="Product feed">Product feed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF feed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_feed" title="Web feed">Web feed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RSS" title="RSS">RSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GeoRSS" title="GeoRSS">GeoRSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_RSS" title="Media RSS">MRSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSS_TV" title="RSS TV">RSS TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-process_communication" title="Inter-process communication">Inter-process communication</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livemark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Livemark (page does not exist)">Livemark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashup_(web_application_hybrid)" title="Mashup (web application hybrid)">Mashup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reference_(computer_science)" title="Reference (computer science)">Referencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSS_editor" title="RSS editor">RSS editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSS_tracking" title="RSS tracking">RSS tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">Streaming media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OPML" title="OPML">OPML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSS_Advisory_Board" title="RSS Advisory Board">RSS Advisory Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XBEL" title="XBEL">XBEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XOXO_(microformat)" title="XOXO (microformat)">XOXO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Form</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Audio_podcasts" title="Category:Audio podcasts">Audio podcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_podcast" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced podcast">Enhanced podcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobilecast" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobilecast">Mobilecast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrowcasting" title="Narrowcasting">Narrowcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peercasting" title="Peercasting">Peercasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screencast" title="Screencast">Screencast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slidecasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Slidecasting">Slidecasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videocast" class="mw-redirect" title="Videocast">Videocast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webcomic" title="Webcomic">Webcomic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webtoon" title="Webtoon">Webtoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_series" title="Web series">Web series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_blog" title="Anonymous blog">Anonymous blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog#Types" title="Blog">Collaborative blog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columnist" title="Columnist">Columnist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liveblogging" title="Liveblogging">Liveblogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microblogging" title="Microblogging">Microblog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_blogging" title="Mobile blogging">Mobile blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spam_blog" title="Spam blog">Spam blog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_blog" class="mw-redirect" title="Video blog">Video blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motovlog" title="Motovlog">Motovlogging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">Alternative media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blog_carnival" class="mw-redirect" title="Blog carnival">Carnivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog_fiction" title="Blog fiction">Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism">Journalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">Citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_journalism" title="Database journalism">Database</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_diary" title="Online diary">Online diary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_search_engines#Blog" title="List of search engines">Search engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sideblog" title="Sideblog">Sideblog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_directory" title="Web directory">Web directory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Micromedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_feed_aggregators" title="Comparison of feed aggregators">Aggregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/News_aggregator" title="News aggregator">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poll_aggregator" title="Poll aggregator">Poll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_aggregator" title="Review aggregator">Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_aggregator" title="Search aggregator">Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_aggregator" title="Video aggregator">Video</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom_(Web_standard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom (Web standard)">Atom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom_(Web_standard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom (Web standard)">AtomPub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcatching" title="Broadcatching">Broadcatching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">Hashtag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewsML" class="mw-redirect" title="NewsML">NewsML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NewsML_1" class="mw-redirect" title="NewsML 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewsML-G2" class="mw-redirect" title="NewsML-G2">G2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication" title="Communication">Social communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_software" title="Social software">Social software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Slice" title="Web Slice">Web Slice</a></li></ul> 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