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href="/w/index.php?title=Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a>)</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"CBE" and "OBE" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/CBE_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="CBE (disambiguation)">CBE (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/OBE_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="OBE (disambiguation)">OBE (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British <a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry" title="Order of chivalry">order of chivalry</a>, rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations, and public service outside the <a href="/wiki/Civil_service" title="Civil service">civil service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-obe_royal-2">[2]</a> It comprises five classes of awards across both civil and military divisions, the most senior two of which make the recipient either a <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_United_Kingdom#Modern_honours" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom">knight</a> if male or a <a href="/wiki/Dame_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame (title)">dame</a> if female.<a href="#cite_note-Gazette1917-3">[3]</a> There is also the related <a href="/wiki/British_Empire_Medal" title="British Empire Medal">British Empire Medal</a>, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order. <table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #DAEFFF; text-align: center;">Most Excellent Order of the British Empire </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:CBE_AEAColl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/CBE_AEAColl.jpg/200px-CBE_AEAColl.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/CBE_AEAColl.jpg/300px-CBE_AEAColl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/CBE_AEAColl.jpg/400px-CBE_AEAColl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2750"></a><div class="infobox-caption">CBE neck decoration (in civil division)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #DAEFFF">Awarded by the <a href="/wiki/Monarch_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarch of the United Kingdom">monarch of the United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry" title="Order of chivalry">Order of chivalry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1917</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data">For God and the Empire</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Eligibility</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/British_national" class="mw-redirect" title="British national">British nationals</a>, citizens of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realms" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth realms">Commonwealth realms</a>, or anyone who has made a significant achievement for the United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awarded for</th><td class="infobox-data">Prominent national or regional achievements<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Currently constituted</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sovereign</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Grand Master</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">Queen Camilla</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Grades</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Knight/Dame Grand Cross (GBE)</li> <li>Knight/Dame Commander (KBE/DBE)</li> <li>Commander (CBE)</li> <li>Officer (OBE)</li> <li>Member (MBE)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Former grades</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Empire_Gallantry_Medal" title="Empire Gallantry Medal">Medal of the Order for Gallantry</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #DAEFFF">Precedence</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Next (higher)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Victorian_Order" title="Royal Victorian Order">Royal Victorian Order</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Next (lower)</th><td class="infobox-data">Varies, depending on rank</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_British_Empire_(Military)_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Military%29_Ribbon.svg/90px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Military%29_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Military%29_Ribbon.svg/135px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Military%29_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Military%29_Ribbon.svg/180px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Military%29_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="215"></a> Military ribbon <a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_British_Empire_(Civil)_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg/90px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg/135px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg/180px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="215"></a> Civil ribbon </td></tr></tbody></table> The order was established on 4 June 1917 by King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a>, who created the order to recognise 'such persons, male or female, as may have rendered or shall hereafter render important services to Our Empire'.<a href="#cite_note-Gazette1917-3">[3]</a> Equal recognition was to be given for services rendered in the UK and overseas.<a href="#cite_note-CentenaryHistory2-4">[4]</a> Today the majority of recipients are UK citizens, though a number of <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realms" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth realms">Commonwealth realms</a> outside the UK continue to make appointments to the order.<a href="#cite_note-Commonwealth-5">[5]</a> Honorary awards may be made to citizens of other nations of which the order's sovereign is not the head of state. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Current_classes">1 Current classes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History">2 History</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Composition">3 Composition</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Sovereign_and_Grand_Master">3.1 Sovereign and Grand Master</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Officers">3.2 Officers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Commonwealth_awards">4 Commonwealth awards</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Honorary_awards">5 Honorary awards</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Gallantry_awards">6 Gallantry awards</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Insignia">7 Insignia</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Badge">7.1 Badge</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Riband">7.2 Riband</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Star">7.3 Star</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Mantles_and_collars">7.4 Mantles and collars</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Chapel">8 Chapel</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Precedence_and_privileges">9 Precedence and privileges</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Current_Knights_and_Dames_Grand_Cross">10 Current Knights and Dames Grand Cross</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Sovereign_and_Grand_Master_2">10.1 Sovereign and Grand Master</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Knights_and_Dames_Grand_Cross">10.2 Knights and Dames Grand Cross</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Honorary_Knights_and_Dames_Grand_Cross">10.3 Honorary Knights and Dames Grand Cross</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Forfeiture">11 Forfeiture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#People_who_declined_Order_of_the_British_Empire_honours">12 People who declined Order of the British Empire honours</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#See_also">13 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Notes">14 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#References">15 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Further_reading">16 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#External_links">17 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Current_classes">Current classes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Current classes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The five classes of appointment to the Order are, from highest grade to lowest grade: <ol><li>Knight <a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Grand Cross</a> or Dame Grand Cross of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (GBE)<a href="#cite_note-6">[a]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander" title="Knight Commander">Knight Commander</a> or Dame Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE or DBE)</li> <li>Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE)</li> <li>Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE)</li> <li>Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE)</li></ol> The senior two ranks of Knight or Dame Grand Cross and Knight or Dame Commander entitle their members to use the titles Sir for men and Dame for women before their forenames, except with honorary awards.<a href="#cite_note-thegazette.co.uk-7">[6]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> founded the order to fill gaps in the <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom">British honours system</a>:<a href="#cite_note-thegazette.co.uk-7">[6]</a> <ul><li>The Orders of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Garter</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Thistle" title="Order of the Thistle">Thistle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Patrick" title="Order of St Patrick">St Patrick</a> honoured royals, peers, statesmen and eminent military commanders;</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Bath" title="Order of the Bath">Order of the Bath</a> honoured senior military officers and civil servants;</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" title="Order of St Michael and St George">Order of St Michael and St George</a> honoured diplomats and colonial officials;</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_India" title="Order of the Star of India">Order of the Star of India</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" title="Order of the Indian Empire">Order of the Indian Empire</a> honoured Indian rulers and British and Indian officials of the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="British Indian Empire">British Indian Empire</a>; and</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Victorian_Order" title="Royal Victorian Order">Royal Victorian Order</a>, in the personal gift of the monarch, honoured those who had personally served the royal family.</li></ul> In particular, George V wished to create an order to honour the many thousands of individuals from across the Empire who had served in a variety of non-combat roles during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-obe_royal-2">[2]</a> From its foundation the order consisted of five classes (GBE, KBE/DBE, CBE, OBE and MBE) and was open to both women and men; provision was also made for conferring honorary awards on foreign recipients.<a href="#cite_note-Gazette1917-3">[3]</a> At the same time, alongside the order, the Medal of the Order of the British Empire was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. The first investiture took place at <a href="/wiki/Ibrox_Stadium" title="Ibrox Stadium">Ibrox Stadium</a>, as part of a royal visit to the Glasgow shipyards, with the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ure,_1st_Baron_Strathclyde" title="Alexander Ure, 1st Baron Strathclyde">Alexander Ure, 1st Baron Strathclyde</a> as a GBE (in recognition of his role as chairman of the Scottish War Savings Committee) and the award of medal of the order to Lizzie Robinson, a munitions worker.<a href="#cite_note-CentenaryHistory1-8">[7]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MBE-Cobh-Heritage-Centre-2012.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/MBE-Cobh-Heritage-Centre-2012.JPG/130px-MBE-Cobh-Heritage-Centre-2012.JPG" decoding="async" width="130" height="282" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1667" data-file-height="3610"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 130px;height: 282px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/MBE-Cobh-Heritage-Centre-2012.JPG/130px-MBE-Cobh-Heritage-Centre-2012.JPG" data-width="130" data-height="282" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/MBE-Cobh-Heritage-Centre-2012.JPG/195px-MBE-Cobh-Heritage-Centre-2012.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/MBE-Cobh-Heritage-Centre-2012.JPG/260px-MBE-Cobh-Heritage-Centre-2012.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>MBE (civil division) as awarded in 1918</figcaption></figure> The order had been established primarily as a civilian award; in August 1918, however, not long after its foundation, a number of awards were made to serving naval and military personnel. Four months later, a 'Military Division' was added to the order, to which serving personnel would in future be appointed.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> The classes were the same as for the Civil Division (as it was now termed), but military awards were distinguished by the addition of a central vertical red stripe to the purple riband of the civil awards. In 1920 appointment as an MBE 'for an act of gallantry' was granted for the first time, to Sydney Frank Blanck Esq, who had rescued an injured man from a burning building containing explosives.<a href="#cite_note-CentenaryHistory1-8">[7]</a> In December 1922 the statutes of the order were amended; there having been a large number of awards for war work prior to this date, these amended statutes placed the order on more of a peacetime footing.<a href="#cite_note-CentenaryHistory2-4">[4]</a> For the first time numbers of appointments were limited, with the stipulation that senior awards in the Civil Division were to outnumber those in the Military Division by a proportion of six to one.<a href="#cite_note-Gazette1922-10">[9]</a> Furthermore appointments in the civil division were to be divided equally between UK and overseas awards. With regard to the Medal of the Order (but not the order itself), a distinction was made in 1922 between awards 'for gallantry' and awards 'for meritorious service' (each being appropriately inscribed, and the former having laurel leaves decorating the clasp, the latter oak leaves).<a href="#cite_note-Gazette1922-10">[9]</a> In 1933 holders of the medal 'for gallantry', which had come to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Empire_Gallantry_Medal" title="Empire Gallantry Medal">Empire Gallantry Medal</a>, were given permission to use the postnominal letters EGM (and at the same time to add a laurel branch emblem to the ribbon of the medal); however, in 1940, awards of the EGM ceased and all holders of the medal were instructed to exchange it for a new and more prestigious gallantry award: the <a href="/wiki/George_Cross" title="George Cross">George Cross</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CentenaryHistory3-11">[10]</a> In 1941, the medal of the order 'for meritorious service' was renamed the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire_Medal" title="British Empire Medal">British Empire Medal</a>, and the following year its recipients were granted the right to use the postnominal letters BEM.<a href="#cite_note-CentenaryHistory2-4">[4]</a> During the war, the BEM came to be used to recognise acts of bravery which did not merit the award of a George Cross or <a href="/wiki/George_Medal" title="George Medal">George Medal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CentenaryHistory3-11">[10]</a> a use which continued until the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gallantry_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Gallantry Medal">Queen's Gallantry Medal</a> in 1974. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_British_Empire_Insignia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Order_of_the_British_Empire_Insignia.jpg/180px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_Insignia.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="507" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="1705"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 507px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Order_of_the_British_Empire_Insignia.jpg/180px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_Insignia.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="507" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Order_of_the_British_Empire_Insignia.jpg/270px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_Insignia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Order_of_the_British_Empire_Insignia.jpg/360px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_Insignia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Examples of insignia of the order (1937 pattern). Top to bottom: KBE or CBE (military) badge and riband, GBE star, KBE/DBE star, MBE (civil) and OBE (military) badges and ribands.</figcaption></figure> The designs of insignia of the order and medal were altered in 1937, prior to the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_King_George_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of King George VI">coronation of King George VI</a>, 'in commemoration of the reign of King George V and Queen Mary, during which the Order was founded'.<a href="#cite_note-CentenaryHistory2-4">[4]</a> The figure of <a href="/wiki/Britannia" title="Britannia">Britannia</a> at the centre of the badge of the order was replaced with an image of the crowned heads of the late King and Queen Mary, and the words 'Instituted by King George V' were added to the reverse of the medal. The colour of the <a href="/wiki/Riband" class="mw-redirect" title="Riband">riband</a> was also changed: twenty years earlier, prior to the order's establishment, Queen <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Mary</a> had made it known that pink would be her preferred colour for the riband of the proposed new order, but, in the event, purple was chosen.<a href="#cite_note-Galloway1996-12">[11]</a> Following her appointment as <a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand Master</a> of the order in 1936 a change was duly made and since 9 March 1937 the riband of the order has been 'rose pink edged with pearl grey’ (with the addition of a vertical pearl grey stripe in the centre for awards in the military division).<a href="#cite_note-CentenaryHistory2-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[b]</a> From time to time the order was expanded: there was an increase in the maximum permitted number of recipients in 1933, and a further increase in 1937. During the Second World War, as had been the case during and after World War I, the number of military awards was greatly increased; between 1939 and 1946 there were more than 33,000 appointments to the Military Division of the order from the UK and across the Empire.<a href="#cite_note-CentenaryHistory3-11">[10]</a> Recommendations for all appointments to the Order of the British Empire were originally made on the nomination of the King's United Kingdom ministers (recommendations for overseas awards were made by the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Office">Foreign Office</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Office" title="Colonial Office">Colonial Office</a>, the <a href="/wiki/India_Office" title="India Office">India Office</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dominions_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominions Office">Dominions Office</a>); but in the early 1940s the system was changed to enable the governments of overseas dominions to make their own nominations; Canada and <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South Africa</a> began doing so in 1942, followed by Australia, New Zealand and other Commonwealth realms.<a href="#cite_note-CentenaryHistory3-11">[10]</a> In May 1957, forty years after the foundation of the order, it was announced that <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a> was to serve as the church of the order, and in 1960 a chapel was dedicated for its use within the <a href="/wiki/Crypt" title="Crypt">crypt</a> of the cathedral.<a href="#cite_note-CentenaryHistory3-11">[10]</a> That year, <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> awards made up 40% of all OBEs and MBEs awarded (and 35% of all living recipients of the higher awards).<a href="#cite_note-CentenaryHistory4-14">[12]</a> Gradually that proportion reduced as independent states within the Commonwealth established their own <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Commonwealth_realms" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Commonwealth realms">systems of honours</a>. The last Canadian recommendation for the Order of the British Empire was an MBE for gallantry gazetted in 1966, a year before the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a>. On the other hand, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Honours_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Honours System">Australian Honours System</a> unilaterally created in 1975 did not achieve bi-partisan support until 1992, which was when Australian federal and state governments agreed to cease Australian recommendations for British honours; the last Australian recommended Order of the British Empire appointments were in the <a href="/wiki/1989_Birthday_Honours" title="1989 Birthday Honours">1989 Queen's Birthday Honours</a>. New Zealand continued to use the order alongside <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_royal_honours_system" title="New Zealand royal honours system">its own honours</a> until the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Order_of_Merit" title="New Zealand Order of Merit">New Zealand Order of Merit</a> in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> Other Commonwealth realms have continued to use the Order of the British Empire alongside their own honours.<a href="#cite_note-Commonwealth-5">[5]</a> In 1993 the Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a>, instituted a <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_United_Kingdom#Reform" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom">reform of the honours system</a> with the aim 'that exceptional service or achievement will be more widely recognised; that greater importance will be given to voluntary service; that automatic honours will end; that the distinction between ranks in military operational gallantry awards will cease'.<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> The reforms affected the order at various levels: for example the automatic award each year of a GBE to the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_London" title="Lord Mayor of London">Lord Mayor of London</a> ceased; the OBE replaced the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Service_Order" title="Imperial Service Order">Imperial Service Order</a> as an award for civil servants and the number of MBEs awarded each year was significantly increased. As part of these reforms the British Empire Medal stopped being awarded by the United Kingdom;<a href="#cite_note-17">[c]</a> those who would formerly have met the criteria for the medal were instead made eligible for the MBE.<a href="#cite_note-CentenaryHistory5-18">[15]</a> In 2004, a report entitled A Matter of Honour: Reforming Our Honours System by a <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">Commons</a> <a href="/wiki/Select_committee_(United_Kingdom)" title="Select committee (United Kingdom)">select committee</a> recommended phasing out the Order of the British Empire, as its title was "now considered to be unacceptable, being thought to embody values that are no longer shared by many of the country's population".<a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a> The committee further suggested changing the name of the award to the Order of British Excellence, and changing the rank of Commander to Companion (as the former was said to have a "militaristic ring"), as well as advocating for the abolition of knighthoods and damehoods;<a href="#cite_note-20">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a> the government, however, was not of the opinion that a case for change had been made, and the aforementioned suggestions and recommendations were not, therefore, pursued.<a href="#cite_note-CentenaryHistory5-18">[15]</a> In the 21st century quotas were introduced to ensure consistent representation among recipients across nine categories of eligibility: <ul><li>Arts and media</li> <li>Community, voluntary and local</li> <li>Economy</li> <li>Education</li> <li>Health</li> <li>Parliamentary and political</li> <li>Science and technology</li> <li>Sport</li> <li>State</li></ul> with the largest proportion of awards being reserved for community, voluntary and local service.<a href="#cite_note-CentenaryHistory5-18">[15]</a> Non-military awards of the British Empire Medal resumed in 2012, starting with 293 BEMs awarded for <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a> In 2017 the centenary of the order was celebrated with a service at St Paul's Cathedral.<a href="#cite_note-CentenaryHistory5-18">[15]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Composition" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> The order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross, 845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders. There are no limits applied to the total number of members of the fourth and fifth classes, but no more than 858 officers and 1,464 members may be appointed per year. Foreign appointees, as honorary members, do not contribute to the numbers restricted to the order as full members do. Although the Order of the British Empire has by far the highest number of members of the British orders of chivalry, with more than 100,000 living members worldwide, there are fewer appointments to knighthoods than in other orders.<a href="#cite_note-obe_royal-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[d]</a> From time to time, individuals may be promoted to a higher grade within the Order, thereby ceasing usage of the junior post-nominal letters. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sovereign_and_Grand_Master">Sovereign and Grand Master</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sovereign and Grand Master" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/British_sovereign" class="mw-redirect" title="British sovereign">British sovereign</a> is the sovereign of the order and appoints all other officers of the order (by convention, on the advice of the governments of the United Kingdom and some <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a>). The second-most senior officer is the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Master_(order)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Master (order)">Grand Master</a> (a 'Prince of the Blood Royal, or other exalted personage' appointed by the sovereign, who, by virtue of their appointment, becomes 'the First or Principal Knight Grand Cross of the same Order').<a href="#cite_note-Gazette1917-3">[3]</a> The position of Grand Master has been held by the following people: <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th class="unsortable" rowspan="2">Portrait </th> <th rowspan="2">Name (Born–died) </th> <th colspan="2">Term of office </th></tr> <tr> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td align="center">1</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HRH_The_Prince_of_Wales_No_4_(HS85-10-36416).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/HRH_The_Prince_of_Wales_No_4_%28HS85-10-36416%29.jpg/80px-HRH_The_Prince_of_Wales_No_4_%28HS85-10-36416%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="108" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2222" data-file-height="2994"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 108px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/HRH_The_Prince_of_Wales_No_4_%28HS85-10-36416%29.jpg/80px-HRH_The_Prince_of_Wales_No_4_%28HS85-10-36416%29.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="108" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/HRH_The_Prince_of_Wales_No_4_%28HS85-10-36416%29.jpg/120px-HRH_The_Prince_of_Wales_No_4_%28HS85-10-36416%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/HRH_The_Prince_of_Wales_No_4_%28HS85-10-36416%29.jpg/160px-HRH_The_Prince_of_Wales_No_4_%28HS85-10-36416%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">Edward, Prince of Wales</a> (1894–1972)</td> <td>4 June 1917</td> <td>20 January 1936 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td align="center">2</td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Queenmaryformalportrait_edit3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Queenmaryformalportrait_edit3.jpg/80px-Queenmaryformalportrait_edit3.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="111" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1435" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 111px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Queenmaryformalportrait_edit3.jpg/80px-Queenmaryformalportrait_edit3.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="111" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Queenmaryformalportrait_edit3.jpg/120px-Queenmaryformalportrait_edit3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Queenmaryformalportrait_edit3.jpg/160px-Queenmaryformalportrait_edit3.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Queen Mary</a> (1865–1953)</td> <td>27 March 1936</td> <td>24 March 1953 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td align="center">3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Philip_of_Edinburgh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Prince_Philip_of_Edinburgh.jpg/80px-Prince_Philip_of_Edinburgh.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 107px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Prince_Philip_of_Edinburgh.jpg/80px-Prince_Philip_of_Edinburgh.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="107" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Prince_Philip_of_Edinburgh.jpg/120px-Prince_Philip_of_Edinburgh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Prince_Philip_of_Edinburgh.jpg/160px-Prince_Philip_of_Edinburgh.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a> (1921–2021)</td> <td align="center">1 June 1953 (1953-06-01)</td> <td align="center">9 April 2021 (2021-04-09) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td align="center">4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Camilla_in_Aotearoa_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Queen_Camilla_in_Aotearoa_2019.jpg/80px-Queen_Camilla_in_Aotearoa_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="114" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1167" data-file-height="1656"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 114px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Queen_Camilla_in_Aotearoa_2019.jpg/80px-Queen_Camilla_in_Aotearoa_2019.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="114" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Queen_Camilla_in_Aotearoa_2019.jpg/120px-Queen_Camilla_in_Aotearoa_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Queen_Camilla_in_Aotearoa_2019.jpg/160px-Queen_Camilla_in_Aotearoa_2019.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">Queen Camilla</a> (1947–present)</td> <td align="center">23 April 2024 (2024-04-23)</td> <td>present </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Officers">Officers</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Officers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In addition to the sovereign and the <a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">grand master</a>, the order has six further officers:<a href="#cite_note-24">[20]</a> <ul><li>Prelate: <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_London" title="Bishop of London">Bishop of London</a>, The Rt Hon. & Rt Rev. Dame <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Mullally" title="Sarah Mullally">Sarah Mullally</a> <a href="/wiki/Dame_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire">DBE</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[21]</a></li> <li>Dean: <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_St_Paul%27s" title="Dean of St Paul's">Dean of St Paul's</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ex_officio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex officio">ex officio</a>), The Very Rev. <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Tremlett" title="Andrew Tremlett">Andrew Tremlett</a></li> <li>Secretary: Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Chancery_of_the_Orders_of_Knighthood" title="Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood">Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood</a>, Lieutenant Colonel Stephen Segrave</li> <li>Registrar: <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_(United_Kingdom)" title="Cabinet Secretary (United Kingdom)">Secretary of the Cabinet and Head of the Home Civil Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Case" title="Simon Case">Simon Case</a> <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Royal_Victorian_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Royal Victorian Order">CVO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Arms_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="King of Arms of the Order of the British Empire">King of Arms</a>: Lieutenant General Sir <a href="/wiki/Simon_Mayall" title="Simon Mayall">Simon Mayall</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire">KBE</a> <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of the Bath">CB</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[22]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Usher_of_the_Purple_Rod" title="Lady Usher of the Purple Rod">Lady Usher of the Purple Rod</a>: Dame <a href="/wiki/Amelia_Fawcett" title="Amelia Fawcett">Amelia Fawcett</a> <a href="/wiki/Dame_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire">DBE</a> <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Royal_Victorian_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Royal Victorian Order">CVO</a></li></ul> At its foundation the order was served by three officers: the King of Arms, the Registrar & Secretary and the Gentleman Usher of the Purple Rod. In 1922 the Prelate was added, and the office of Registrar was separated from that of Secretary: the former was to be responsible for recording all proceedings connected with the order, issuing warrants under the seal of the order and making arrangements for investitures, while the latter (at that time the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Secretary_to_the_Treasury" title="Permanent Secretary to the Treasury">Permanent Secretary to the Treasury</a>) was responsible for collecting and tabulating the names of those who were to receive an award.<a href="#cite_note-Gazette1922-10">[9]</a> The office of Dean was added in 1957.<a href="#cite_note-CentenaryHistory3-11">[10]</a> The King of Arms is not a member of the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Arms" title="College of Arms">College of Arms</a>, as are many other <a href="/wiki/Heraldry" title="Heraldry">heraldic</a> officers; and the Lady Usher of the Purple Rod does not – unlike the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Order of the Garter</a> equivalent, the Lady Usher of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Rod" title="Black Rod">Black Rod</a> – perform any duties related to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Commonwealth_awards">Commonwealth awards</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Commonwealth awards" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Countries_awarding_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire_(2020).svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Countries_awarding_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire_%282020%29.svg/220px-Countries_awarding_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire_%282020%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="566"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 113px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Countries_awarding_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire_%282020%29.svg/220px-Countries_awarding_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire_%282020%29.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="113" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Countries_awarding_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire_%282020%29.svg/330px-Countries_awarding_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire_%282020%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Countries_awarding_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire_%282020%29.svg/440px-Countries_awarding_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire_%282020%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Countries making recommendations to the Order of the British Empire (2020)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Commonwealth_realms" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Commonwealth realms">Orders, decorations, and medals of the Commonwealth realms</a></div> Since the Second World War, several <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a> have established their own national system of honours and awards and have created their own unique orders, decorations and medals. A number, though, continue to make recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire. In 2024 appointments to the order were made by the governments of:<a href="#cite_note-27">[23]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Christopher_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Christopher and Nevis">Saint Christopher and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Honorary_awards">Honorary awards</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Honorary awards" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> Most members of the order are citizens of the United Kingdom or Commonwealth realms that use the UK system of honours and awards. In addition, honorary awards may be made to citizens of nations where the monarch is not <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>; these permit use of post-nominal letters, but not the title of Sir or Dame. Honorary appointees who later become a citizen of a Commonwealth realm can convert their appointment from honorary to substantive, and they then enjoy all privileges of membership of the order, including use of the title of Sir and Dame for the senior two ranks of the Order. (An example of the latter is Irish broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Terry_Wogan" title="Terry Wogan">Terry Wogan</a>, who was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Order in 2005, and on successful application for British citizenship, held alongside his Irish citizenship, was made a substantive member and subsequently styled as Sir Terry Wogan).<a href="#cite_note-28">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[25]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Gallantry_awards">Gallantry awards</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gallantry awards" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_British_Empire_for_gallantry,_oak_leaves_ribbon_emblem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="A crossed pair of oak leaves, in silver, against a background of red woven ribbon material" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Order_of_the_British_Empire_for_gallantry%2C_oak_leaves_ribbon_emblem.jpg/220px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_for_gallantry%2C_oak_leaves_ribbon_emblem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="848" data-file-height="504"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 131px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Order_of_the_British_Empire_for_gallantry%2C_oak_leaves_ribbon_emblem.jpg/220px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_for_gallantry%2C_oak_leaves_ribbon_emblem.jpg" data-alt="A crossed pair of oak leaves, in silver, against a background of red woven ribbon material" data-width="220" data-height="131" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Order_of_the_British_Empire_for_gallantry%2C_oak_leaves_ribbon_emblem.jpg/330px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_for_gallantry%2C_oak_leaves_ribbon_emblem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Order_of_the_British_Empire_for_gallantry%2C_oak_leaves_ribbon_emblem.jpg/440px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_for_gallantry%2C_oak_leaves_ribbon_emblem.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A silver oak-leaf emblem denoted an award made 'for gallantry' between 1958 and 1974.</figcaption></figure> Although initially intended to recognise meritorious service, the order began to also be awarded for gallantry. There were an increased number of cases in the Second World War for service personnel and civilians including the merchant navy, police, emergency services and civil defence, mostly MBEs but with a small number of OBEs and CBEs. Such awards were for gallantry that did not reach the standard of the <a href="/wiki/George_Medal" title="George Medal">George Medal</a> (even though, as appointments to an order of chivalry, they were listed before it on the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_honours_order_of_wearing" title="United Kingdom honours order of wearing">Order of Wear</a>. In contrast to awards for meritorious service, which usually appear without a citation, there were often citations for gallantry awards, some detailed and graphic.<a href="#cite_note-30">[26]</a> From 14 January 1958, these awards were designated Commander, Officer or Member of the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry.<a href="#cite_note-LG1958-31">[27]</a> Any individual made a member of the order for gallantry after 14 January 1958 wears an emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves on the same ribbon as the badge, with a miniature version on the ribbon bar when worn alone. When the ribbon only is worn the emblem is worn in miniature.<a href="#cite_note-LG1958-31">[27]</a> It could not be awarded <a href="/wiki/Posthumous_award" title="Posthumous award">posthumously</a>, and was replaced in 1974 with the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gallantry_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Gallantry Medal">Queen's Gallantry Medal</a> (QGM). If recipients of the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry received promotion within the order, whether for gallantry or otherwise, they continued to wear also the insignia of the lower grade with the oak leaves;<a href="#cite_note-32">[28]</a> however, they used only the post-nominal letters of the higher grade. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Insignia">Insignia</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Insignia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Badges and ribands of the Order of the British Empire (1937–present)</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 280px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mbe_medal_front_and_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Obverse (left) and reverse of the MBE badge and riband (civil division)"><noscript><img alt="Obverse (left) and reverse of the MBE badge and riband (civil division)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Mbe_medal_front_and_reverse.jpg/200px-Mbe_medal_front_and_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="203" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="563"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 203px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Mbe_medal_front_and_reverse.jpg/200px-Mbe_medal_front_and_reverse.jpg" data-alt="Obverse (left) and reverse of the MBE badge and riband (civil division)" data-width="200" data-height="203" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Mbe_medal_front_and_reverse.jpg/300px-Mbe_medal_front_and_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Mbe_medal_front_and_reverse.jpg/400px-Mbe_medal_front_and_reverse.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Obverse (left) and reverse of the MBE badge and riband (civil division)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 280px;"><a href="/wiki/File:MBE_for_Aviva_Ben_Raphael_(5528384137).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="MBE badge as awarded to a female recipient (civil division)"><noscript><img alt="MBE badge as awarded to a female recipient (civil division)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/MBE_for_Aviva_Ben_Raphael_%285528384137%29.jpg/187px-MBE_for_Aviva_Ben_Raphael_%285528384137%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 187px;height: 250px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/MBE_for_Aviva_Ben_Raphael_%285528384137%29.jpg/187px-MBE_for_Aviva_Ben_Raphael_%285528384137%29.jpg" data-alt="MBE badge as awarded to a female recipient (civil division)" data-width="187" data-height="250" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/MBE_for_Aviva_Ben_Raphael_%285528384137%29.jpg/281px-MBE_for_Aviva_Ben_Raphael_%285528384137%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/MBE_for_Aviva_Ben_Raphael_%285528384137%29.jpg/375px-MBE_for_Aviva_Ben_Raphael_%285528384137%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">MBE badge as awarded to a female recipient (civil division)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 280px;"><a href="/wiki/File:OBE_-_George_6th.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="OBE badge and riband (military division)"><noscript><img alt="OBE badge and riband (military division)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/OBE_-_George_6th.jpg/166px-OBE_-_George_6th.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="1600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 166px;height: 250px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/OBE_-_George_6th.jpg/166px-OBE_-_George_6th.jpg" data-alt="OBE badge and riband (military division)" data-width="166" data-height="250" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/OBE_-_George_6th.jpg/249px-OBE_-_George_6th.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/OBE_-_George_6th.jpg/332px-OBE_-_George_6th.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">OBE badge and riband (military division)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 280px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Medal,_order_(AM_2001.25.423-1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="CBE badge and riband (military division)"><noscript><img alt="CBE badge and riband (military division)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Medal%2C_order_%28AM_2001.25.423-1%29.jpg/184px-Medal%2C_order_%28AM_2001.25.423-1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="4952"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 184px;height: 250px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Medal%2C_order_%28AM_2001.25.423-1%29.jpg/184px-Medal%2C_order_%28AM_2001.25.423-1%29.jpg" data-alt="CBE badge and riband (military division)" data-width="184" data-height="250" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Medal%2C_order_%28AM_2001.25.423-1%29.jpg/276px-Medal%2C_order_%28AM_2001.25.423-1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Medal%2C_order_%28AM_2001.25.423-1%29.jpg/368px-Medal%2C_order_%28AM_2001.25.423-1%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">CBE badge and riband (military division)</div> </li> </ul> When the order was founded in 1917, badges, ribands and stars were appointed for wear by recipients. In 1929 mantles, hats and collars were added for recipients of the highest class of the order (GBE). The designs of all these items underwent major changes in 1937.<a href="#cite_note-Galloway1996-12">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Badge">Badge</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Badge" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The badge is worn by all members of the order; the size, colour and design depends on the class of award. The badge for all classes is in the form of a cross <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/patonce" class="extiw" title="wikt:patonce">patonce</a> (having the arms growing broader and floriated toward the end) with a medallion in the centre, the obverse of which bears a crowned image of <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> and Queen <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Mary</a> within a circlet bearing the motto of the Order; the reverse bears George V's Royal and Imperial Cypher. (Prior to 1937 <a href="/wiki/Britannia" title="Britannia">Britannia</a> was shown within the circlet.) The size of the badges varies according to rank: the higher classes have slightly larger badges. The badges of Knights and Dames Grand Cross, Knights and Dames Commander, and Commanders are enamelled, with pale blue crosses, crimson circlets and a gold central medallion. Officers' badges are plain silver-gilt, while those of Members are plain silver. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Riband">Riband</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Riband" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> From 1917 until 1937, the badge of the order was suspended on a purple ribbon, with a red central stripe being added for the military division in 1918. Since 1937, the ribbon has been rose-pink with pearl-grey edges (with the addition of a pearl-grey central stripe for the military division). Knights and Dames Grand Cross wear it on a broad riband or sash, passing from the right shoulder to the left hip. Knights Commander and male Commanders wear the badge from a ribbon around the neck; male Officers and Members wear the badge from a ribbon on the left chest; female recipients other than Dames Grand Cross (unless in military uniform) normally wear it from a bow on the left shoulder. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Star">Star</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Star" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> An oval eight-pointed star is worn, pinned to the left breast, by Knights and Dames Grand Cross; Knights and Dames Commander wear a smaller star composed of 'four equal points and four lesser'.<a href="#cite_note-Gazette1917-3">[3]</a> The star is not worn by the more junior classes. Prior to 1937 each star had in the centre a gold medallion with a figure of Britannia, surrounded by a crimson <a href="/wiki/Circlet" title="Circlet">circlet</a> inscribed with the motto of the order ('For God and the Empire'); since 1937 the effigies of King George V and Queen Mary have been shown within the circlet. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Badges and ribands of the Order of the British Empire (1917–1937)</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 280px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Medal,_order_(AM_2006.4.1-1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="MBE badge as awarded to a female recipient (civil division)"><noscript><img alt="MBE badge as awarded to a female recipient (civil division)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Medal%2C_order_%28AM_2006.4.1-1%29.jpg/200px-Medal%2C_order_%28AM_2006.4.1-1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Medal%2C_order_%28AM_2006.4.1-1%29.jpg/200px-Medal%2C_order_%28AM_2006.4.1-1%29.jpg" data-alt="MBE badge as awarded to a female recipient (civil division)" data-width="200" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Medal%2C_order_%28AM_2006.4.1-1%29.jpg/300px-Medal%2C_order_%28AM_2006.4.1-1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Medal%2C_order_%28AM_2006.4.1-1%29.jpg/400px-Medal%2C_order_%28AM_2006.4.1-1%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">MBE badge as awarded to a female recipient (civil division)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 280px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Medal,_order_(AM_609794-1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="MBE badge and riband (military division)"><noscript><img alt="MBE badge and riband (military division)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Medal%2C_order_%28AM_609794-1%29.jpg/166px-Medal%2C_order_%28AM_609794-1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 166px;height: 250px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Medal%2C_order_%28AM_609794-1%29.jpg/166px-Medal%2C_order_%28AM_609794-1%29.jpg" data-alt="MBE badge and riband (military division)" data-width="166" data-height="250" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Medal%2C_order_%28AM_609794-1%29.jpg/250px-Medal%2C_order_%28AM_609794-1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Medal%2C_order_%28AM_609794-1%29.jpg/333px-Medal%2C_order_%28AM_609794-1%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">MBE badge and riband (military division)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 280px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Medal,_order_(AM_609796-1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="OBE badge and riband (military division)"><noscript><img alt="OBE badge and riband (military division)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Medal%2C_order_%28AM_609796-1%29.jpg/166px-Medal%2C_order_%28AM_609796-1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 166px;height: 250px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Medal%2C_order_%28AM_609796-1%29.jpg/166px-Medal%2C_order_%28AM_609796-1%29.jpg" data-alt="OBE badge and riband (military division)" data-width="166" data-height="250" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Medal%2C_order_%28AM_609796-1%29.jpg/250px-Medal%2C_order_%28AM_609796-1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Medal%2C_order_%28AM_609796-1%29.jpg/333px-Medal%2C_order_%28AM_609796-1%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">OBE badge and riband (military division)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 280px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_British_Empire._KBE_star_and_badge,_1917%E2%80%931935.png" class="mw-file-description" title="KBE badge, riband and star (military division)"><noscript><img alt="KBE badge, riband and star (military division)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Order_of_the_British_Empire._KBE_star_and_badge%2C_1917%E2%80%931935.png/107px-Order_of_the_British_Empire._KBE_star_and_badge%2C_1917%E2%80%931935.png" decoding="async" width="107" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="868"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 107px;height: 250px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Order_of_the_British_Empire._KBE_star_and_badge%2C_1917%E2%80%931935.png/107px-Order_of_the_British_Empire._KBE_star_and_badge%2C_1917%E2%80%931935.png" data-alt="KBE badge, riband and star (military division)" data-width="107" data-height="250" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Order_of_the_British_Empire._KBE_star_and_badge%2C_1917%E2%80%931935.png/161px-Order_of_the_British_Empire._KBE_star_and_badge%2C_1917%E2%80%931935.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Order_of_the_British_Empire._KBE_star_and_badge%2C_1917%E2%80%931935.png/215px-Order_of_the_British_Empire._KBE_star_and_badge%2C_1917%E2%80%931935.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">KBE badge, riband and star (military division)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mantles_and_collars">Mantles and collars</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Mantles and collars" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 1929, to bring the order into line with the other orders of chivalry, members of the first class of the order (GBE) were provided with mantles, hats and collars.<a href="#cite_note-CentenaryHistory2-4">[4]</a> <ul><li>The mantle is a cloak-like garment of rose pink satin lined with pearl-grey silk (prior to 1937 it was of purple satin). On the left side is a representation of the star of the order (as pictured below).</li> <li>Initially a purple plumed hat was also provided to be worn with the mantle; in 1937 the colour of the hat was changed to black.<a href="#cite_note-Galloway1996-12">[11]</a></li> <li>The collar is made of gold. It consists of six medallions depicting the Royal Arms, alternating with six medallions depicting the Royal and Imperial Cypher of George V (GRI, which stands for "Georgius Rex Imperator"). The medallions are linked with gold cables depicting '<a href="/wiki/Sea-lion" title="Sea-lion">sea-lions</a>' and crowns. When collars are worn the badge is suspended from the collar.</li></ul> Only Knights/Dames Grand Cross wear these elaborate vestments; the hat is now rarely, if ever, worn. Use of the mantle is limited to important occasions (such as quadrennial services and <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_British_monarch" title="Coronation of the British monarch">coronations</a>). The mantle is always worn with the collar. Although the mantle was introduced in 1929, very few mantles would have been produced prior to the 1937 design changes, as there were few occasions for wearing them in the intervening years.<a href="#cite_note-Galloway1996-12">[11]</a> On certain days designated by the sovereign, known as "<a href="/wiki/Collar_day" title="Collar day">collar days</a>", members attending formal events may wear the order's collar over their military uniform, formal day dress, evening wear or robes of office. Collars are returned upon the death of their owners, but other insignia may be retained. The six office-holders of the order wear pearl-grey mantles lined with rose-pink, having on the right side a purple shield charged with the roundel from the badge.<a href="#cite_note-CentySvc-33">[29]</a> Each of these office-holders wears a unique badge of office, suspended from a gold chain worn around the neck. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Knight and Dame Grand Cross insignia</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 280px;"><a href="/wiki/File:GBE_mantle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mantle worn by Knights and Dames Grand Cross (GBE)"><noscript><img alt="Mantle worn by Knights and Dames Grand Cross (GBE)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/GBE_mantle.jpg/88px-GBE_mantle.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="282" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 88px;height: 250px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/GBE_mantle.jpg/88px-GBE_mantle.jpg" data-alt="Mantle worn by Knights and Dames Grand Cross (GBE)" data-width="88" data-height="250" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/GBE_mantle.jpg/132px-GBE_mantle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/GBE_mantle.jpg/176px-GBE_mantle.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mantle worn by Knights and Dames Grand Cross (GBE)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 280px;"><a href="/wiki/File:GBE_star.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Close-up of the Star on the mantle"><noscript><img alt="Close-up of the Star on the mantle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/GBE_star.jpg/200px-GBE_star.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="226" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 226px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/GBE_star.jpg/200px-GBE_star.jpg" data-alt="Close-up of the Star on the mantle" data-width="200" data-height="226" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/GBE_star.jpg/300px-GBE_star.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/GBE_star.jpg/400px-GBE_star.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Close-up of the Star on the mantle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 280px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Collar_and_star_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Collar, badge and Star of a Knight or Dame Grand Cross of the Order"><noscript><img alt="Collar, badge and Star of a Knight or Dame Grand Cross of the Order" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Collar_and_star_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire.jpg/148px-Collar_and_star_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="769" data-file-height="1293"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 148px;height: 250px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Collar_and_star_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire.jpg/148px-Collar_and_star_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire.jpg" data-alt="Collar, badge and Star of a Knight or Dame Grand Cross of the Order" data-width="148" data-height="250" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Collar_and_star_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire.jpg/223px-Collar_and_star_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Collar_and_star_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire.jpg/297px-Collar_and_star_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Collar, badge and Star of a Knight or Dame Grand Cross of the Order </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 280px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire_-_Memorial_JK_-_Brasilia_-_DSC00378.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Broad riband and badge of a Knight Grand Cross of the Order"><noscript><img alt="Broad riband and badge of a Knight Grand Cross of the Order" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire_-_Memorial_JK_-_Brasilia_-_DSC00378.JPG/131px-Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire_-_Memorial_JK_-_Brasilia_-_DSC00378.JPG" decoding="async" width="131" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1779" data-file-height="3398"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 131px;height: 250px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire_-_Memorial_JK_-_Brasilia_-_DSC00378.JPG/131px-Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire_-_Memorial_JK_-_Brasilia_-_DSC00378.JPG" data-alt="Broad riband and badge of a Knight Grand Cross of the Order" data-width="131" data-height="250" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire_-_Memorial_JK_-_Brasilia_-_DSC00378.JPG/196px-Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire_-_Memorial_JK_-_Brasilia_-_DSC00378.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire_-_Memorial_JK_-_Brasilia_-_DSC00378.JPG/262px-Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire_-_Memorial_JK_-_Brasilia_-_DSC00378.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Broad riband and badge of a Knight Grand Cross of the Order</div> </li> </ul> The British Empire Medal is made of silver. On the obverse is an image of Britannia surrounded by the motto, with the words "For Meritorious Service" at the bottom; on the reverse is George V's Imperial and Royal Cypher, with the words "Instituted by King George V" at the bottom. The name of the recipient is engraved on the rim. This medal is nicknamed "the Gong",<a href="#cite_note-34">[30]</a> and comes in both full-sized and miniature versions – the latter for formal white-tie and semi-formal black-tie occasions. A <a href="/wiki/Award_pin" title="Award pin">lapel pin</a> for everyday wear was first announced at the end of December 2006, and is available to recipients of all levels of the order, as well as to holders of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire_Medal" title="British Empire Medal">British Empire Medal</a>. The pin design is not unique to any level. The pin features the badge of the order, enclosed in a circle of ribbon of its colours of pink and grey. Lapel pins must be purchased separately by a member of the order.<a href="#cite_note-35">[31]</a> The creation of such a pin was recommended in Sir <a href="/wiki/Hayden_Phillips" title="Hayden Phillips">Hayden Phillips</a>' review of the honours system in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-36">[32]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width="55%"> <caption>Order of the British Empire <a href="/wiki/Ribbon_bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribbon bar">ribbon bars</a> </caption> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:center;"> <th width="15%"> </th> <th width="20%">Civil </th> <th width="20%">Military </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:center;"> <th>1917–1935 </th> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UK_OBE_1917_civil_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/UK_OBE_1917_civil_BAR.svg/110px-UK_OBE_1917_civil_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="30" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 110px;height: 30px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/UK_OBE_1917_civil_BAR.svg/110px-UK_OBE_1917_civil_BAR.svg.png" data-width="110" data-height="30" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/UK_OBE_1917_civil_BAR.svg/165px-UK_OBE_1917_civil_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/UK_OBE_1917_civil_BAR.svg/220px-UK_OBE_1917_civil_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UK_OBE_1917_military_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/UK_OBE_1917_military_BAR.svg/110px-UK_OBE_1917_military_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="30" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 110px;height: 30px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/UK_OBE_1917_military_BAR.svg/110px-UK_OBE_1917_military_BAR.svg.png" data-width="110" data-height="30" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/UK_OBE_1917_military_BAR.svg/165px-UK_OBE_1917_military_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/UK_OBE_1917_military_BAR.svg/220px-UK_OBE_1917_military_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:center;"> <th>Since 1936 </th> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_British_Empire_(Civil)_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg/110px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="31" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="215"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 110px;height: 31px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg/110px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg.png" data-width="110" data-height="31" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg/165px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg/220px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_British_Empire_(Military)_Ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Military%29_Ribbon.svg/110px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Military%29_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="31" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="215"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 110px;height: 31px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Military%29_Ribbon.svg/110px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Military%29_Ribbon.svg.png" data-width="110" data-height="31" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Military%29_Ribbon.svg/165px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Military%29_Ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Military%29_Ribbon.svg/220px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Military%29_Ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Chapel">Chapel</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Chapel" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St-Pauls-Cathedral_London_Crypta_Chapel-Order-Of-The-British-Empire-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/St-Pauls-Cathedral_London_Crypta_Chapel-Order-Of-The-British-Empire-01.jpg/220px-St-Pauls-Cathedral_London_Crypta_Chapel-Order-Of-The-British-Empire-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/St-Pauls-Cathedral_London_Crypta_Chapel-Order-Of-The-British-Empire-01.jpg/220px-St-Pauls-Cathedral_London_Crypta_Chapel-Order-Of-The-British-Empire-01.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/St-Pauls-Cathedral_London_Crypta_Chapel-Order-Of-The-British-Empire-01.jpg/330px-St-Pauls-Cathedral_London_Crypta_Chapel-Order-Of-The-British-Empire-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/St-Pauls-Cathedral_London_Crypta_Chapel-Order-Of-The-British-Empire-01.jpg/440px-St-Pauls-Cathedral_London_Crypta_Chapel-Order-Of-The-British-Empire-01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Chapel of the Order in the <a href="/wiki/Crypt" title="Crypt">crypt</a> of <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a> (photographed in 2013). The banners are those of the Sovereign (right) and of the Grand Master (left) of the Order as they were then in office.</figcaption></figure> The Chapel of the Order of the British Empire is in <a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul's Cathedral</a>. It occupies the far eastern end of the cathedral crypt and was dedicated in 1960. The only heraldic banners normally on display in the chapel are those of the Sovereign of the Order of the British Empire and of the Grand Master of the Order of the British Empire. Rather than using this chapel, the Order now holds its great services upstairs in the nave of the cathedral. In addition to the Chapel of the Order of the British Empire, St Paul's Cathedral also houses the Chapel of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" title="Order of St Michael and St George">Order of St Michael and St George</a>. Religious services for the whole Order are held every four years; new Knights and Dames Grand Cross are installed at these services. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Precedence_and_privileges">Precedence and privileges</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Precedence and privileges" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_England_and_Wales" title="Order of precedence in England and Wales">Order of precedence in England and Wales</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_British_Empire_-_Non_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Order_of_the_British_Empire_-_Non_Arms.svg/220px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_-_Non_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="835" data-file-height="1170"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 308px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Order_of_the_British_Empire_-_Non_Arms.svg/220px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_-_Non_Arms.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="308" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Order_of_the_British_Empire_-_Non_Arms.svg/330px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_-_Non_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Order_of_the_British_Empire_-_Non_Arms.svg/440px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_-_Non_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Knights, Dames and Commanders of the Order may display its <a href="/wiki/Circlet" title="Circlet">circlet</a> around (and suspend its <a href="/wiki/Heraldic_badge" title="Heraldic badge">Badge</a> below) their <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a>.</figcaption></figure> Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross and Dames Commander prefix Dame, to their forenames.<a href="#cite_note-37">[e]</a> Wives of Knights may prefix Lady to their surnames, but no equivalent privilege exists for husbands of Knights or spouses of Dames. Such forms are not used by peers and princes, except when the names of the former are written out in their fullest forms. Male clergy of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> do not use the title Sir (unless they were knighted before being ordained) as they do not receive the <a href="/wiki/Accolade" title="Accolade">accolade</a> (they are not dubbed "knight" with a sword), although they do append the <a href="/wiki/Post-nominal_letters" title="Post-nominal letters">post-nominal letters</a>; dames do not receive the accolade, and therefore female clergy are free to use the title Dame. Knights and Dames Grand Cross use the post-nominal GBE; Knights Commander, KBE; Dames Commander, DBE; Commanders, CBE; Officers, OBE; and Members, MBE. The post-nominal for the British Empire Medal is BEM. Members of all classes of the order are assigned positions in the <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_precedence_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom">order of precedence</a>. Wives of male members of all classes also feature on the order of precedence, as do sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander; relatives of Ladies of the Order, however, are not assigned any special precedence. As a general rule, only wives and children of male recipients are afforded privileges. Knights and Dames Grand Cross are also entitled to be granted <a href="/wiki/Supporters_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Supporters (heraldry)">heraldic supporters</a>. They may, furthermore, encircle their arms with a depiction of the <a href="/wiki/Circlet" title="Circlet">circlet</a> (a circle bearing the motto) and the collar; the former is shown either outside or on top of the latter. Knights and Dames Commander and Commanders may display the circlet, but not the collar, surrounding their arms. The badge is depicted suspended from the collar or circlet.<a href="#cite_note-38">[33]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Current_Knights_and_Dames_Grand_Cross">Current Knights and Dames Grand Cross</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Current Knights and Dames Grand Cross" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sovereign_and_Grand_Master_2">Sovereign and Grand Master</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sovereign and Grand Master" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%; background:white; border:#01796f solid;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Year of appointment </th> <th>Present age </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> (ex officio) </td> <td>Sovereign since 2022 </td> <td>76 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">Queen Camilla</a> <a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady of the Order of the Garter">LG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lady_Companion_of_the_Order_of_the_Thistle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Companion of the Order of the Thistle">LT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Member_of_the_Order_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Member of the Order of New Zealand">ONZ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dame_Grand_Cross_of_the_Royal_Victorian_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order">GCVO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dame_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_the_Star_of_Melanesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of the Star of Melanesia">CSM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces%27_Decoration" title="Canadian Forces' Decoration">CD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a> </td> <td>2024 </td> <td>77 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Knights_and_Dames_Grand_Cross">Knights and Dames Grand Cross</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Knights and Dames Grand Cross" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; background:white; border:#01796f solid;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Military rank (if any) </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Known for </th> <th>Year of appointment </th> <th>Present age </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"> </th> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Leaver" title="Christopher Leaver">Christopher Leaver</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_Justice_of_the_Order_of_St_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of Justice of the Order of St John">KStJ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_Peace#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice of the Peace">JP</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_London" title="Lord Mayor of London">Lord Mayor of London</a> </td> <td>1981 </td> <td>87 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Jolliffe" title="Anthony Jolliffe">Anthony Jolliffe</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_Justice_of_the_Order_of_St_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of Justice of the Order of St John">KStJ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Lieutenant">DL</a> </td> <td>1982 </td> <td>86 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_(Lord_Mayor)" title="Alexander Graham (Lord Mayor)">Alexander Graham</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a> </td> <td>1990 </td> <td>86 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_chief_marshal" title="Air chief marshal">Air Chief Marshal</a> </td> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hine" title="Patrick Hine">Patrick Hine</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath">GCB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a> </td> <td>Joint Commander British Forces Gulf War </td> <td rowspan="2">1991 </td> <td>92 </td></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Brian_Garton_Jenkins" title="Brian Garton Jenkins">Brian Jenkins</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_Justice_of_the_Order_of_St_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of Justice of the Order of St John">KStJ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_London" title="Lord Mayor of London">Lord Mayor of London</a> </td> <td>88 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_chief_marshal" title="Air chief marshal">Air Chief Marshal</a> </td> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Bill_Wratten" title="Bill Wratten">Bill Wratten</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of the Bath">CB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)">AFC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_Officer_Commanding-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief">Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief</a> <a href="/wiki/RAF_Strike_Command" title="RAF Strike Command">RAF Strike Command</a> </td> <td>1998 </td> <td>85 </td></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Brown_(judge)" title="Stephen Brown (judge)">Stephen Brown</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Family_Division" title="President of the Family Division">President of the Family Division</a> </td> <td>1999 </td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_chief_marshal" title="Air chief marshal">Air Chief Marshal</a> </td> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Bagnall" title="Anthony Bagnall">Anthony Bagnall</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath">KCB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Aeronautical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society">FRAeS</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vice-Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)">Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">2002 </td> <td>79 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"> </th> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Michael_Sydney_Perry" title="Michael Sydney Perry">Michael Perry</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts">FRSA</a> </td> <td>Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Senior_Salaries_Review_Body" title="Senior Salaries Review Body">Senior Salaries Review Body</a> </td> <td>90 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Flanagan" title="Ronnie Flanagan">Ronnie Flanagan</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Police_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Police Medal">QPM</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_Constable" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Constable">Chief Constable</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Police_Service_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Police Service of Northern Ireland">Police Service of Northern Ireland</a> </td> <td>75 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Butler-Sloss,_Baroness_Butler-Sloss" title="Elizabeth Butler-Sloss, Baroness Butler-Sloss">Elizabeth Butler-Sloss, Baroness Butler-Sloss</a> <a href="/wiki/Dame_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Family_Division" title="President of the Family Division">President of the Family Division</a> </td> <td>2005 </td> <td>91 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/General_(United_Kingdom)" title="General (United Kingdom)">General</a> </td> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Granville-Chapman" title="Timothy Granville-Chapman">Timothy Granville-Chapman</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath">KCB</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vice-Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)">Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">2011 </td> <td>77 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="5"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Mervyn_King,_Baron_King_of_Lothbury" title="Mervyn King, Baron King of Lothbury">Mervyn King, Baron King of Lothbury</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of the Garter">KG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Lieutenant">DL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Bank_of_England" title="Governor of the Bank of England">Governor of the Bank of England</a> </td> <td>76 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Parker_(businessman)" title="John Parker (businessman)">John Parker</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering">FREng</a> </td> <td>President of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Royal Academy of Engineering">Royal Academy of Engineering</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">2012 </td> <td>82 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Helene_Hayman,_Baroness_Hayman" title="Helene Hayman, Baroness Hayman">Helene Hayman, Baroness Hayman</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lord_Speaker" title="Lord Speaker">Lord Speaker</a> of the House of Lords </td> <td>75 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Keith_Mills" title="Keith Mills">Keith Mills</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Lieutenant">DL</a> </td> <td>Deputy Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/London_Organising_Committee_of_the_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Games" title="London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games">London Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games</a> </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>74 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(physician)" title="John Bell (physician)">John Bell</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of Honour">CH</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences">FMedSci</a> </td> <td>President of the <a href="/wiki/Office_for_Strategic_Coordination_of_Health_Research" title="Office for Strategic Coordination of Health Research">Office for Strategic Coordination of Health Research</a> </td> <td>2015 </td> <td>72 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_chief_marshal" title="Air chief marshal">Air Chief Marshal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Peach" title="Stuart Peach">Stuart Peach, Baron Peach</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of the Garter">KG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_Bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath">KCB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Lieutenant">DL</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of the Defence Staff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chair_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee" title="Chair of the NATO Military Committee">Chair of the NATO Military Committee</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">2016 </td> <td>68 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="18"> </th> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Ian_Wood_(businessman)" title="Ian Wood (businessman)">Ian Wood</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Companion_of_the_Order_of_the_Thistle" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Companion of the Order of the Thistle">KT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a> </td> <td>Businessman and philanthropist </td> <td>82 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Chantler" title="Cyril Chantler">Cyril Chantler</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_College_of_Physicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians">FRCP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_College_of_Paediatrics_and_Child_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health">FRCPCH</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences">FMedSci</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pediatrics" title="Pediatrics">Paediatric</a> <a href="/wiki/Nephrology" title="Nephrology">nephrologist</a> </td> <td>2017 </td> <td>85 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Keith_Peters_(physician)" title="Keith Peters (physician)">Keith Peters</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a> <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a> <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences">FMedSci</a> <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_College_of_Physicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians">FRCP</a> <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_College_of_Physicians_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh">FRCPE</a> <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_College_of_Pathologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists">FRCPath</a> <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Learned_Society_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales">FLSW</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Regius_Professor_of_Physic_(Cambridge)" title="Regius Professor of Physic (Cambridge)">Regius Professor of Physic</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> </td> <td rowspan="4">2018 </td> <td>86 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Craig_Reedie" title="Craig Reedie">Craig Reedie</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a> </td> <td>President of the <a href="/wiki/World_Anti-Doping_Agency" title="World Anti-Doping Agency">World Anti-Doping Agency</a> and Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/British_Olympic_Association" title="British Olympic Association">British Olympic Association</a> </td> <td>83 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Greenwood" title="Christopher Greenwood">Christopher Greenwood</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George">CMG</a>, <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Counsel" title="King's Counsel">KC</a> </td> <td>Judge of the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> </td> <td>69 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Higgins,_Baroness_Higgins" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosalyn Higgins, Baroness Higgins">Rosalyn Higgins, Baroness Higgins</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Counsel" title="King's Counsel">KC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_International_Court_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the International Court of Justice">President of the International Court of Justice</a> </td> <td>87 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Michael_Burton_(judge)" title="Michael Burton (judge)">Michael Burton</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Counsel" title="King's Counsel">KC</a> </td> <td>President of the <a href="/wiki/Investigatory_Powers_Tribunal" title="Investigatory Powers Tribunal">Investigatory Powers Tribunal</a> </td> <td>2019 </td> <td>78 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Curzon,_7th_Earl_Howe" title="Frederick Curzon, 7th Earl Howe">Frederick Curzon, 7th Earl Howe</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Lords#Deputy_Leaders" title="Leader of the House of Lords">Deputy Leader of the House of Lords</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_for_Defence" title="Minister of State for Defence">Minister of State for Defence</a> </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>73 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dame <a href="/wiki/Sue_Ion" title="Sue Ion">Sue Ion</a> <a href="/wiki/Dame_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering">FREng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Institute_of_Materials,_Minerals_and_Mining" title="Fellow of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining">FIMMM</a> </td> <td>Engineer and Member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">National Academy of Engineering</a> </td> <td>2022 </td> <td>69 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Partha_Dasgupta" title="Partha Dasgupta">Partha Dasgupta</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a> </td> <td>Economist and Frank Ramsey Professor Emeritus of Economics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">2023 </td> <td>82 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dame <a href="/wiki/Hermione_Lee" title="Hermione Lee">Hermione Lee</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature">FRSL</a> </td> <td>Biographer and President of <a href="/wiki/Wolfson_College,_Oxford" title="Wolfson College, Oxford">Wolfson College, Oxford</a> </td> <td>76 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Margaret Beckett</a>, Baroness Beckett <a href="/wiki/Dame_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a> </td> <td>Politician and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary" title="Foreign Secretary">Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs</a> </td> <td rowspan="7">2024 </td> <td>81 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dame <a href="/wiki/Carol_Black_(rheumatologist)" title="Carol Black (rheumatologist)">Carol Black</a> <a href="/wiki/Dame_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_College_of_Physicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians">FRCP</a> </td> <td>Rheumatologist and Chair of the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a> </td> <td>84 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Bill_Beaumont" title="Bill Beaumont">William Beaumont</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Lieutenant">DL</a> </td> <td>Chairman of <a href="/wiki/World_Rugby" title="World Rugby">World Rugby</a> </td> <td>72 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Jim_McDonald_(electrical_engineer)" title="Jim McDonald (electrical engineer)">James McDonald</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh">FRSE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering">FREng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Institute_of_Physics" title="Fellow of the Institute of Physics">FInstP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Institution_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology">FIET</a> </td> <td>Engineer and Principal and Vice-Chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Strathclyde" title="University of Strathclyde">University of Strathclyde</a> </td> <td>67 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sir <a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a> </td> <td>Filmmaker and director </td> <td>87 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dame <a href="/wiki/Jenny_Abramsky" title="Jenny Abramsky">Jenny Abramsky</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a> </td> <td>Journalist, Chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_East_Anglia" title="University of East Anglia">University of East Anglia</a> and Director of Audio and Music at the <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcast_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Broadcast Corporation">British Broadcast Corporation</a> </td> <td>78 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Terence_Etherton,_Baron_Etherton" title="Terence Etherton, Baron Etherton">Terence Etherton, Baron Etherton</a> <a href="/wiki/Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a>, <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Counsel" title="King's Counsel">KC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Rolls" title="Master of the Rolls">Master of the Rolls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_High_Court" title="Chancellor of the High Court">Chancellor of the High Court</a> </td> <td>73 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_Knights_and_Dames_Grand_Cross">Honorary Knights and Dames Grand Cross</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Honorary Knights and Dames Grand Cross" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> See <a href="/wiki/List_of_current_honorary_knights_and_dames_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="List of current honorary knights and dames of the Order of the British Empire">List of current honorary knights and dames of the Order of the British Empire</a> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%; background:white; border:#01796f solid;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Office when appointed </th> <th>Year of appointment </th> <th>Present age </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taher_Masri" title="Taher Masri">Taher Masri</a> <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a> </td> <td>28th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Jordan" title="Prime Minister of Jordan">Prime Minister of Jordan</a> </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>82 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zsigmond_J%C3%A1rai" title="Zsigmond Járai">Zsigmond Járai</a> <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a> </td> <td>7th <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Finance of Hungary">Minister of Finance of Hungary</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">1999 </td> <td>72 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George Mitchell</a> <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a> </td> <td>8th <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chancellors_of_the_Queen%27s_University,_Belfast" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chancellors of the Queen's University, Belfast">Chancellor of the Queen's University, Belfast</a> </td> <td>91 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Mancino" title="Nicola Mancino">Nicola Mancino</a> <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a> </td> <td>8th <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Italy#Substitute_of_the_head_of_state" title="List of presidents of Italy">Acting President of Italy</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>93 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Violante" title="Luciano Violante">Luciano Violante</a> <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Knight_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire">GBE</a> </td> <td>10th <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="List of presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">President of the Chamber of Deputies</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>83 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_British_Empire_grand_cross_with_diamonds_star_(United_Kingdom_1925-1930)_-_Tallinn_Museum_of_Orders.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Order_of_the_British_Empire_grand_cross_with_diamonds_star_%28United_Kingdom_1925-1930%29_-_Tallinn_Museum_of_Orders.jpg/220px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_grand_cross_with_diamonds_star_%28United_Kingdom_1925-1930%29_-_Tallinn_Museum_of_Orders.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="1962"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 268px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Order_of_the_British_Empire_grand_cross_with_diamonds_star_%28United_Kingdom_1925-1930%29_-_Tallinn_Museum_of_Orders.jpg/220px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_grand_cross_with_diamonds_star_%28United_Kingdom_1925-1930%29_-_Tallinn_Museum_of_Orders.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="268" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Order_of_the_British_Empire_grand_cross_with_diamonds_star_%28United_Kingdom_1925-1930%29_-_Tallinn_Museum_of_Orders.jpg/330px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_grand_cross_with_diamonds_star_%28United_Kingdom_1925-1930%29_-_Tallinn_Museum_of_Orders.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Order_of_the_British_Empire_grand_cross_with_diamonds_star_%28United_Kingdom_1925-1930%29_-_Tallinn_Museum_of_Orders.jpg/440px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_grand_cross_with_diamonds_star_%28United_Kingdom_1925-1930%29_-_Tallinn_Museum_of_Orders.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A bejeweled breast star of a Knight or Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire</figcaption></figure> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Forfeiture">Forfeiture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Forfeiture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> Only the monarch can annul an honour. The <a href="/wiki/Honours_Forfeiture_Committee" title="Honours Forfeiture Committee">Honours Forfeiture Committee</a> considers cases and makes recommendations for forfeiture. An individual can renounce their honour by returning the insignia to <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a> and by ceasing to make reference to their honour, but they still hold the honour unless and until annulled by the monarch.<a href="#cite_note-39">[34]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="People_who_declined_Order_of_the_British_Empire_honours">People who declined Order of the British Empire honours</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: People who declined Order of the British Empire honours" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_declined_a_British_honour" title="List of people who have declined a British honour">List of people who have declined a British honour</a></div> In 2003, <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a> published a list of the people who had rejected the Order of the British Empire, including <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Cleese" title="John Cleese">John Cleese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigella_Lawson" title="Nigella Lawson">Nigella Lawson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elgar_Howarth" title="Elgar Howarth">Elgar Howarth</a>, <a href="/wiki/L._S._Lowry" title="L. S. Lowry">L. S. Lowry</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Melly" title="George Melly">George Melly</a>, and <a href="/wiki/J._G._Ballard" title="J. G. Ballard">J. G. Ballard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mcgavin-40">[35]</a> In addition, Ballard voiced his opposition to the honours system, calling it "a preposterous charade".<a href="#cite_note-mcgavin-40">[35]</a> The order has attracted some criticism for its naming having connection with the idea of the now-extinct <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FifthReport-41">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Zephaniah" title="Benjamin Zephaniah">Benjamin Zephaniah</a>, a British poet of <a href="/wiki/British_Jamaicans" title="British Jamaicans">Jamaican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barbadian_British" title="Barbadian British">Barbadian</a> descent, publicly rejected appointment as an Officer in 2003 because, he asserted, it reminded him of "thousands of years of brutality".<a href="#cite_note-42">[f]</a> He also said that "it reminds me of how my foremothers were raped and my forefathers brutalised".<a href="#cite_note-43">[37]</a> The author <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a> (1898–1963) was named on the last list of honours by <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> in December 1951. Despite being a <a href="/wiki/Monarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarchist">monarchist</a>, he declined so as to avoid association with any political issues.<a href="#cite_note-44">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-Letters_of_C.S._Lewis-45">[39]</a> In 2019, comedian <a href="/wiki/John_Oliver" title="John Oliver">John Oliver</a> turned down an offer of an OBE, which would have been part of the <a href="/wiki/2020_New_Year_Honours" title="2020 New Year Honours">Queen's New Year's Honours</a> list.<a href="#cite_note-46">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> were appointed Members in 1965: <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> justified his investiture by comparing military membership in the Order: "Lots of people who complained about us receiving the MBE [status] received theirs for heroism in the war – for killing people ... We received ours for entertaining other people. I'd say we deserve ours more". Lennon later returned his MBE insignia on 25 November 1969, as part of his ongoing peace protests.<a href="#cite_note-48">[42]</a> Other criticism centres on the view that many recipients of the Order are being rewarded with honours for simply doing their jobs; critics say that the Civil Service and Judiciary receive far more orders and honours than leaders of other professions.<a href="#cite_note-FifthReport-41">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chin_Peng" title="Chin Peng">Chin Peng</a>, a veteran guerrilla fighter of the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Anti-Japanese_Army" title="Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army">Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army</a>, was appointed as an Officer for his role in fighting against the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Japanese occupation of Malaya</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, in close co-operation with the British commando <a href="/wiki/Force_136#Malayan_Communist_Party" title="Force 136">Force 136</a>. Several years after the war, his OBE membership was withdrawn by the British government (and became undesirable to Chin Peng himself) when the Communist leader headed his party's guerrilla insurgency against the British Empire during the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[43]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom">Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom</a> – the British honours system</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_knights_grand_cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="List of knights grand cross of the Order of the British Empire">List of knights grand cross of the Order of the British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dames_grand_cross_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="List of dames grand cross of the Order of the British Empire">List of dames grand cross of the Order of the British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honorary_British_knights_and_dames" title="List of honorary British knights and dames">List of honorary British knights and dames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_order_of_precedence" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom order of precedence">United Kingdom order of precedence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honours_Committee" title="Honours Committee">Honours Committee</a></li> <li>Roger Willoughby, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/34552514/For_God_and_the_Empire_The_Medal_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire_1917_1922">For God and the Empire. The Medal of the Order of the British Empire, 1917–1922</a> (Savannah Publications, London, 2012) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-902366-53-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-902366-53-0">1-902366-53-0</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> It is commonly written without "of the Most Excellent Order" and other words not implied by the post-nominals. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Queen Mary, however, stipulated that the riband of a military Dame Grand Cross should not have a central grey stripe; the last appointment of a Dame Grand Cross in the military division was that of Dame <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Browne" title="Sidney Browne">Sidney Browne</a> in 1919. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Use of the BEM continued elsewhere in the Commonwealth; in the UK the BEM (civil) was restored to use 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Whereas DBE is the lowest rank of damehood, KBE is the second-lowest rank of knighthood (above <a href="/wiki/Knights_Bachelor" class="mw-redirect" title="Knights Bachelor">Knights Bachelor</a>). Because of this, women are usually appointed DBE in circumstances when a man would be created a Knight Bachelor (for example, by convention, female judges of the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">High Court</a> are created Dames Commander on appointment, while male judges become Knights Bachelor). </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Never surnames – thus Sir <a href="/wiki/Antony_Sher" title="Antony Sher">Antony Sher</a> may be shortened to Sir Antony, but not to Sir Sher. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Quote is "thousands of years", though initial attempts at starting an overseas British Empire only date back to <a href="/wiki/British_Empire#Origins_(1497%E2%80%931583)" title="British Empire">British Empire#Origins (1497–1583)</a> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-11990088">"Guide to the Honours"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 10 June 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Guide+to+the+Honours&rft.date=2015-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-11990088&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+British+Empire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-obe_royal-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obe_royal_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obe_royal_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obe_royal_2-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100327214051/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Honours/OrderoftheBritishEmpire.aspx">"Order of the British Empire"</a>. The Official Website of the British Monarchy. The Royal Household. 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The Gazette. Retrieved 6 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=The+Order+of+the+British+Empire+%28part+two%29%3A+1922+to+1937&rft.aulast=Malloch&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2Fall-notices%2Fcontent%2F100985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+British+Empire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Commonwealth-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Commonwealth_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Commonwealth_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/awards-and-accreditation/content/100138">"Commonwealth New Year and Birthday Honours lists (1981–2024)"</a>. The Gazette. His Majesty's Stationery Office. 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The Gazette. 2 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=What+is+the+difference+between+a+CBE%2C+OBE%2C+MBE+and+a+knighthood%3F&rft.date=2024-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2Fawards-and-accreditation%2Fcontent%2F103372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+British+Empire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CentenaryHistory1-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CentenaryHistory1_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CentenaryHistory1_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalloch" class="citation web cs1">Malloch, Russell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/all-notices/content/100982">"The Order of the British Empire (part one): 1917 to 1922"</a>. The Gazette. Retrieved 6 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Gazette&rft.atitle=The+Order+of+the+British+Empire+%28part+one%29%3A+1917+to+1922&rft.aulast=Malloch&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2Fall-notices%2Fcontent%2F100982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+British+Empire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette31084" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/31084/page/15135">"No. 31084"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a>. 27 December 1918. p. 15135.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+31084&rft.pages=15135&rft.date=1918-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F31084%2Fpage%2F15135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+British+Empire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gazette1922-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gazette1922_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gazette1922_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gazette1922_10-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette32781" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32781/page/9155">"No. 32781"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a>. 29 December 1922. p. 9155.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+32781&rft.pages=9155&rft.date=1922-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F32781%2Fpage%2F9155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+British+Empire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CentenaryHistory3-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CentenaryHistory3_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CentenaryHistory3_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CentenaryHistory3_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CentenaryHistory3_11-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CentenaryHistory3_11-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CentenaryHistory3_11-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalloch" class="citation web cs1">Malloch, Russell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/all-notices/content/101115">"The Order of the British Empire (part three): 1937–1957"</a>. 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Retrieved 26 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BEM+Recipients+Entitled+to+New+Emblem&rft.date=2008-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.berwickshirenews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Fall-local-news%2Fbem-recipients-entitled-to-new-emblem-1-241213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+British+Empire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Statutes 1995, article 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/having-honours-taken-away-forfeiture">"Having honours taken away (forfeiture)"</a>. GOV.UK. 30 September 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.UK&rft.atitle=Having+honours+taken+away+%28forfeiture%29&rft.date=2021-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fguidance%2Fhaving-honours-taken-away-forfeiture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+British+Empire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcgavin-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mcgavin_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcgavin_40-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGavin2003" class="citation web cs1">McGavin, Henry (22 December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/honoured-no-thanks-say-elite-of-arts-and-tv-83635.html">"Honoured? No thanks, say elite of arts and TV"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Independent.co.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent.co.uk">Independent.co.uk</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/honoured-no-thanks-say-elite-of-arts-and-tv-83635.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent.co.uk&rft.atitle=Honoured%3F+No+thanks%2C+say+elite+of+arts+and+TV&rft.date=2003-12-22&rft.aulast=McGavin&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fthis-britain%2Fhonoured-no-thanks-say-elite-of-arts-and-tv-83635.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+British+Empire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FifthReport-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FifthReport_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FifthReport_41-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmpubadm/212/21209.htm">A reformed Honours system</a>, Select Committee on Public Administration, 7 July 2004, Retrieved 13 May 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills2003" class="citation web cs1">Mills, Merope (27 November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/nov/27/iraq.monarchy">"Rasta poet publicly rejects his OBE"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 31 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Rasta+poet+publicly+rejects+his+OBE&rft.date=2003-11-27&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=Merope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2003%2Fnov%2F27%2Firaq.monarchy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+British+Empire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120206021046/http://www.cslewis.org/resources/chronocsl.html">"Chronology of the Life of C. S. Lewis"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cslewis.org/resources/chronocsl.html">the original</a> on 6 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronology+of+the+Life+of+C.+S.+Lewis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cslewis.org%2Fresources%2Fchronocsl.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+British+Empire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Letters_of_C.S._Lewis-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Letters_of_C.S._Lewis_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1994" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, C. S. (1994). W. H. Lewis, Walter Hooper (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0156508710/heroesofhistory">Letters of C. S. Lewis</a>. New York: Mariner Books. p. 528. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-650871-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-650871-1"><bdi>978-0-15-650871-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letters+of+C.+S.+Lewis&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=528&rft.pub=Mariner+Books&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-15-650871-1&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=C.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fexec%2Fobidos%2FASIN%2F0156508710%2Fheroesofhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+British+Empire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConan_O'Brien2019" class="citation podcast cs1">Conan O'Brien (21 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teamcoco.com/podcasts/conan-obrien-needs-a-friend/episodes/john-oliver">"Conan O'Brien Needs a Friend – John Oliver Episode 42"</a>. TeamCoco.com (Podcast). Team Coco. Event occurs at 52:35. Retrieved 5 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Conan+O%27Brien+Needs+a+Friend+%E2%80%93+John+Oliver+Episode+42&rft.pub=Team+Coco&rft.date=2019-10-21&rft.au=Conan+O%27Brien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteamcoco.com%2Fpodcasts%2Fconan-obrien-needs-a-friend%2Fepisodes%2Fjohn-oliver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+British+Empire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNunn2021" class="citation web cs1">Nunn, Christina (21 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/john-oliver-rejected-queen-elizabeths-royal-award-why-on-earth-would-i-want-that.html/">"John Oliver Rejected Queen Elizabeth's Royal Award — 'Why on Earth Would I Want That?'"</a>. Showbiz Cheat Sheet. Retrieved 5 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Showbiz+Cheat+Sheet&rft.atitle=John+Oliver+Rejected+Queen+Elizabeth%27s+Royal+Award+%E2%80%94+%27Why+on+Earth+Would+I+Want+That%3F%27&rft.date=2021-01-21&rft.aulast=Nunn&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cheatsheet.com%2Fentertainment%2Fjohn-oliver-rejected-queen-elizabeths-royal-award-why-on-earth-would-i-want-that.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+British+Empire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoylanceHarrisonLennonMcCartney2000" class="citation book cs1">Roylance, Brian; Harrison, George; Lennon, John; McCartney, Paul; Starr, Ringo (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beatlesanthology0000unse/page/183">The Beatles Anthology</a>. Chronicle Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beatlesanthology0000unse/page/183">183</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8118-2684-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8118-2684-6"><bdi>978-0-8118-2684-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beatles+Anthology&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8118-2684-6&rft.aulast=Roylance&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Harrison%2C+George&rft.au=Lennon%2C+John&rft.au=McCartney%2C+Paul&rft.au=Starr%2C+Ringo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeatlesanthology0000unse%2Fpage%2F183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+British+Empire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,806357,00.html">Dead or Alive</a> (subscription required) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130721155759/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,806357,00.html">Archived</a> 21 July 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>, 12 May 1952 </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalloway1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Galloway" title="Peter Galloway">Galloway, Peter</a> (1996). The Order of the British Empire. Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-907605-65-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-907605-65-2"><bdi>978-0-907605-65-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Order+of+the+British+Empire&rft.pub=Central+Chancery+of+the+Orders+of+Knighthood&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-907605-65-2&rft.aulast=Galloway&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+British+Empire" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHood1967" class="citation book cs1">Hood, Frederic (1967). The Chapel of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire. With a foreword by <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chapel+of+the+Most+Excellent+Order+of+the+British+Empire&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Hood&rft.aufirst=Frederic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+British+Empire" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeatherly1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Weatherly, Cecil (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Knighthood_and_Chivalry">"Knighthood and Chivalry" </a>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 851–867.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Knighthood+and+Chivalry&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=London&rft.pages=851-867&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Weatherly&rft.aufirst=Cecil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+British+Empire" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307205521/https://www.centralchancery.org.uk/Content/documents/OBE%20Statutes%20Book.pdf">Statutes of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire</a> (PDF). London: The Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood. 1995. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.centralchancery.org.uk/Content/documents/OBE%20Statutes%20Book.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statutes+of+the+Most+Excellent+Order+of+the+British+Empire&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Central+Chancery+of+the+Orders+of+Knighthood&rft.date=1995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.centralchancery.org.uk%2FContent%2Fdocuments%2FOBE%2520Statutes%2520Book.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOrder+of+the+British+Empire" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="extiw" title="commons:Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royal.uk/queen-and-honours">Order of the British Empire</a> – official website of the British Monarchy</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/honours">The Honours system</a> – UK Government</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.TheGazette.co.uk/honours-lists">Queen's Birthday and New Year honours</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a>, lists recipients of honours</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/all-notices/content/101112">The Order of the British Empire centenary</a> – historical overview by the Gazette</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040420141242/http://www.cam.ac.uk/societies/cuhags/orderofc/brit_emp.htm">"The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire" (2002)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Heraldic_and_Genealogical_Society" title="Cambridge University Heraldic and Genealogical Society">Cambridge University Heraldic and Genealogical Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heraldica.org/topics/britain/order_precedence.htm">"Order of Precedence in England and Wales", Velde, F. R. (2003)</a> – Heraldica.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/recommendations-military-honours-awards-1935-1990/">Search recommendations for the Order of the British Empire on the UK National Archives' website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ianmcgrawphotos.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/st_pauls_wedding_london_ianmcgrawphotos_2010_146.jpg">The Chapel of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire – OBE Chapel Exterior detail</a> – JPEG image, IanMcGrawPhotos.co.uk</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&oldid=1259496403#Current_classes">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&oldid=1259496403#Current_classes</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_British_Empire&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 25 November 2024, at 14:21 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_van_die_Britse_Ryk" title="Orde van die Britse Ryk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Orde van die Britse Ryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رتبة الإمبراطورية البريطانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رتبة الإمبراطورية البريطانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_del_Imperiu_Brit%C3%A1nicu" title="Orde del Imperiu Británicu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Orde del Imperiu Británicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22Britaniya_imperiyas%C4%B1%22_ordeni" title=""Britaniya imperiyası" ordeni – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title=""Britaniya imperiyası" ordeni" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AB_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="অর্ডার অফ দ্য ব্রিটিশ এম্পায়ার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অর্ডার অফ দ্য ব্রিটিশ এম্পায়ার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Ордэн Брытанскай імперыі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ордэн Брытанскай імперыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Орден на Британската империя – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Орден на Британската империя" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Order of the British Empire" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Order of the British Empire" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_de_l%27Imperi_Brit%C3%A0nic" title="Orde de l'Imperi Britànic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Orde de l'Imperi Britànic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98%C3%A1d_britsk%C3%A9ho_imp%C3%A9ria" title="Řád britského impéria – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Řád britského impéria" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdd_yr_Ymerodraeth_Brydeinig" title="Urdd yr Ymerodraeth Brydeinig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Urdd yr Ymerodraeth Brydeinig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Order of the British Empire" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Order of the British Empire" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briti_impeeriumi_ordu" title="Briti impeeriumi ordu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Briti impeeriumi ordu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Τάγμα της Βρετανικής Αυτοκρατορίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τάγμα της Βρετανικής Αυτοκρατορίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orden_del_Imperio_Brit%C3%A1nico" title="Orden del Imperio Británico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Orden del Imperio Británico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordeno_de_la_Brita_Imperio" title="Ordeno de la Brita Imperio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ordeno de la Brita Imperio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britainiar_Inperioko_Ordena" title="Britainiar Inperioko Ordena – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Britainiar Inperioko Ordena" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نشان امپراتوری بریتانیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نشان امپراتوری بریتانیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_de_l%27Empire_britannique" title="Ordre de l'Empire britannique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ordre de l'Empire britannique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_do_Imperio_Brit%C3%A1nico" title="Orde do Imperio Británico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Orde do Imperio Británico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%98%81_%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD_%ED%9B%88%EC%9E%A5" title="대영 제국 훈장 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대영 제국 훈장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Order of the British Empire" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="ऑर्डर ऑफ़ ब्रिटिश एम्पायर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऑर्डर ऑफ़ ब्रिटिश एम्पायर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Britanskog_Carstva" title="Red Britanskog Carstva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Red Britanskog Carstva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Order of the British Empire" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintang_Kekaisaran_Britania_Raya" title="Bintang Kekaisaran Britania Raya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bintang Kekaisaran Britania Raya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordine_dell%27Impero_Britannico" title="Ordine dell'Impero Britannico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ordine dell'Impero Britannico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מסדר האימפריה הבריטית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מסדר האימפריה הבריטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britu_Imp%C4%93rijas_ordenis" title="Britu Impērijas ordenis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Britu Impērijas ordenis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Order of the British Empire" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanijos_imperijos_ordinas" title="Britanijos imperijos ordinas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Britanijos imperijos ordinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Brit_Birodalom_Rendje" title="A Brit Birodalom Rendje – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A Brit Birodalom Rendje" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Ред на Британската Империја – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ред на Британската Империја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A6_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC" title="ഓർഡർ ഓഫ് ദ ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് എംപയർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓർഡർ ഓഫ് ദ ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് എംപയർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="ऑर्डर ऑफ द ब्रिटिश एम्पायर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऑर्डर ऑफ द ब्रिटिश एम्पायर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="رتبه امبراطوريه بريطانيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رتبه امبراطوريه بريطانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjah_Empayar_British" title="Darjah Empayar British – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Darjah Empayar British" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_van_het_Britse_Rijk" title="Orde van het Britse Rijk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Orde van het Britse Rijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%8B%B2%E7%AB%A0" title="大英帝国勲章 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大英帝国勲章" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Order of the British Empire" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_britiske_imperieordenen" title="Den britiske imperieordenen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den britiske imperieordenen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92rdre_de_l%27Emp%C3%A8ri_Britanic" title="Òrdre de l'Empèri Britanic – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Òrdre de l'Empèri Britanic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britaniya_imperiyasi_ordeni" title="Britaniya imperiyasi ordeni – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Britaniya imperiyasi ordeni" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_Imperium_Brytyjskiego" title="Order Imperium Brytyjskiego – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Order Imperium Brytyjskiego" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordem_do_Imp%C3%A9rio_Brit%C3%A2nico" title="Ordem do Império Britânico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ordem do Império Britânico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinul_Imperiului_Britanic" title="Ordinul Imperiului Britanic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ordinul Imperiului Britanic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Орден Британской империи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Орден Британской империи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_o_the_Breetish_Empire" title="Order o the Breetish Empire – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Order o the Breetish Empire" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Order of the British Empire" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Order of the British Empire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rad_britsk%C3%A9ho_imp%C3%A9ria" title="Rad britského impéria – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rad britského impéria" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_britanskega_imperija" title="Red britanskega imperija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Red britanskega imperija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="نیشانی فەرمی ئیمپراتۆریەتیی بەریتانی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیشانی فەرمی ئیمپراتۆریەتیی بەریتانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Орден Британске империје – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Орден Британске империје" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittil%C3%A4isen_imperiumin_ritarikunta" title="Brittiläisen imperiumin ritarikunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Brittiläisen imperiumin ritarikunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittiska_imperieorden" title="Brittiska imperieorden – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brittiska imperieorden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A" title="เครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์จักรวรรดิบริติช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์จักรวรรดิบริติช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanya_%C4%B0mparatorluk_Ni%C5%9Fan%C4%B1" title="Britanya İmparatorluk Nişanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Britanya İmparatorluk Nişanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97" title="Орден Британської імперії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Орден Британської імперії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A2n_ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_%C4%90%E1%BA%BF_qu%E1%BB%91c_Anh" title="Huân chương Đế quốc Anh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Huân chương Đế quốc Anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%8B%8B%E7%AB%A0" title="大英帝国勋章 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="大英帝国勋章" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%8B%B3%E7%AB%A0" title="大英帝國勳章 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="大英帝國勳章" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E5%8B%B3%E7%AB%A0" title="大英帝國勳章 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大英帝國勳章" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 November 2024, at 14:21 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a 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