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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Skrá inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Síður fyrir útskráða notendur <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A1lp:Introduction" aria-label="Læra meira um breytingar"><span>Læra meira</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Framl%C3%B6g_m%C3%ADn" title="Listi yfir breytingar frá þessu IP-staðfangi [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Framlög</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Spjallas%C3%AD%C3%B0a_m%C3%ADn" title="Spjall um breytingar frá þessu IP-staðfangi [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Spjall</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vefsíða"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Efni" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Efni</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">færa í hliðarstiku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">fela</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjun</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Skilgreining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skilgreining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Skilgreining</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Skilgreining-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sýna/fela Skilgreining undirkafla</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Skilgreining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hefðbundin_skilgreining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hefðbundin_skilgreining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Hefðbundin skilgreining</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hefðbundin_skilgreining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Undantekningar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Undantekningar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Undantekningar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Undantekningar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Þróun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Þróun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Þróun</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Þróun-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sýna/fela Þróun undirkafla</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Þróun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uppruni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uppruni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Uppruni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uppruni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Útdauði" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Útdauði"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Útdauði</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Útdauði-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tilvísanir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tilvísanir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tilvísanir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tilvísanir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Efni" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Sýna/fela efnisyfirlit" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Sýna/fela efnisyfirlit</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Líf</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Fara á grein á öðru tungumáli. Til staðar á 167 tungumálum" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-167" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">167 tungumál</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewe" title="Lewe – afríkanska" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lewe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afríkanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leben" title="Leben – svissnesk þýska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Leben" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="svissnesk þýska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%85%E1%8B%AD%E1%8B%88%E1%89%B5" title="ህይወት – amharíska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ህይወት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vida" title="Vida – aragonska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Vida" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%ABf" title="Līf – fornenska" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Līf" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="fornenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9" title="حياة – arabíska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حياة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9" title="حياة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="حياة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%A8" title="জীৱন – assamska" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জীৱন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vida" title="Vida – astúríska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vida" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astúríska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaka%C3%B1a" title="Jakaña – aímara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jakaña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aímara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%99yat" title="Həyat – aserska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Həyat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="یاشاییش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یاشاییش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Тормош – baskír" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тормош" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baskír" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%ABv%C4%ABb%C4%97" title="Gīvībė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Gīvībė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhay" title="Buhay – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Buhay" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%86%D1%91" title="Жыццё – hvítrússneska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жыццё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="hvítrússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%91" title="Жыцьцё – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жыцьцё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Живот – búlgarska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Живот" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgarska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80" title="जिनगी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जिनगी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8" title="জীবন – bengalska" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জীবন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="འཚོ་བ། – tíbeska" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཚོ་བ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tíbeska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhez" title="Buhez – bretónska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Buhez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivot" title="Život – bosníska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Život" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngolu" title="Ngolu – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Ngolu" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Амидарал – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Амидарал" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vida" title="Vida – katalónska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vida" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%95ng-m%C3%AAng" title="Sĕng-mêng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sĕng-mêng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Дахар – tsjetsjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дахар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinabuhi" title="Kinabuhi – kebúanó" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kinabuhi" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="kebúanó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ژین – miðkúrdíska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="miðkúrdíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivot" title="Život – tékkneska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Život" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tékkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bywyd" title="Bywyd – velska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bywyd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liv" title="Liv – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Liv" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ny%C9%9Bvili" title="Nyɛvili – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Nyɛvili" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leben" title="Leben – þýska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leben" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="þýska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CF%89%CE%AE" title="Ζωή – gríska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζωή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gríska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Gæðagrein"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life" title="Life – enska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Life" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="enska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivo" title="Vivo – esperantó" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vivo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vida" title="Vida – spænska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vida" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spænska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elu" title="Elu – eistneska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eistneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizi" title="Bizi – baskneska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bizi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADa" title="Vía – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Vía" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="زندگی – persneska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زندگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%C3%A4m%C3%A4" title="Elämä – finnska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elämä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bula_(kilanibula)" title="Bula (kilanibula) – fídjeyska" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Bula (kilanibula)" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fídjeyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vie" title="Vie – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leewent" title="Leewent – norðurfrísneska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Leewent" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="norðurfrísneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libben" title="Libben – vesturfrísneska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Libben" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vesturfrísneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatha" title="Beatha – írska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Beatha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="írska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavi" title="Lavi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lavi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatha" title="Beatha – skosk gelíska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Beatha" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skosk gelíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vida" title="Vida – galisíska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vida" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekove" title="Tekove – gvaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tekove" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2ng-miang" title="Sâng-miang – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sâng-miang" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="חיים – hebreska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="जीवन – hindí" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जीवन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zindagi" title="Zindagi – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Zindagi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivot" title="Život – króatíska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Život" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="króatíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavi" title="Lavi – haítíska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lavi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haítíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89let" title="Élet – ungverska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Élet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84" title="Կյանք – armenska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կյանք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita" title="Vita – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Vita" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengidup" title="Pengidup – íban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Pengidup" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="íban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehidupan" title="Kehidupan – indónesíska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kehidupan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indónesíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vive" title="Vive – interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Vive" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biag" title="Biag – ílokó" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Biag" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ílokó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Вахар – ingús" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Вахар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita" title="Vita – ítalska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vita" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ítalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Gæðagrein"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="生命" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laif" title="Laif – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Laif" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/lo_kamji%27e" title="lo kamji'e – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="lo kamji'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urip" title="Urip – javanska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Urip" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94" title="სიცოცხლე – georgíska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიცოცხლე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%89%D3%80%D1%8D" title="ГъащӀэ – kabardíska" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="ГъащӀэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Тіршілік – kasakska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тіршілік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8" title="ಜೀವನ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೀವನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85" title="생명 – kóreska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kóreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Джашау – karasaíbalkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Джашау" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karasaíbalkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%90%D9%86%D9%9B%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="زِنٛدگی – kasmírska" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="زِنٛدگی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kasmírska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiyan" title="Jiyan – kúrdíska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Jiyan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kúrdíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bewnans" title="Bewnans – kornbreska" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bewnans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornbreska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Тиричилик – kirgiska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тиричилик" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita" title="Vita – latína" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vita" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latína" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vive" title="Vive – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Vive" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leve" title="Leve – limbúrgíska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Leve" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbúrgíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitta" title="Vitta – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Vitta" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita" title="Vita – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vita" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bom%C9%94i" title="Bomɔi – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bomɔi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ຊີວິດ – laó" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຊີວິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyvyb%C4%97" title="Gyvybė – litháíska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gyvybė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litháíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz%C4%ABv%C4%ABba" title="Dzīvība – lettneska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzīvība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiainana" title="Fiainana – malagasíska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiainana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiduik" title="Hiduik – mínangkabá" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Hiduik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="mínangkabá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Живот – makedónska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Живот" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB" title="ജീവൻ – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജീവൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Амьдрал – mongólska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Амьдрал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongólska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="जीवन – maratí" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जीवन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidupan" title="Hidupan – malaíska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hidupan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bida" title="Bida – mirandesíska" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Bida" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD" title="သက်ရှိ – búrmneska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သက်ရှိ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="búrmneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leven" title="Leven – lágþýska; lágsaxneska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Leven" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lágþýska; lágsaxneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="जीवन – nepalska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जीवन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AC%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE)" title="उयिर् (सन् २००६या संकिपा) – nevarí" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="उयिर् (सन् २००६या संकिपा)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevarí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leven" title="Leven – hollenska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Leven" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livet" title="Livet – nýnorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Livet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nýnorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liv" title="Liv – norskt bókmál" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liv" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bókmál" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vida" title="Vida – oksítaníska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vida" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksítaníska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%A8" title="ਜੀਵਨ – púnjabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੀਵਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="púnjabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bida" title="Bida – papíamentó" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Bida" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papíamentó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laaef" title="Laaef – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Laaef" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBycie" title="Życie – pólska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Życie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pólska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="جیون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ژوند – pastú" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ژوند" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vida" title="Vida – portúgalska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vida" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portúgalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawsay" title="Kawsay – kvesjúa" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawsay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kvesjúa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Viață – rúmenska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Viață" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rúmenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Жизнь – rússneska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Жизнь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rússneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Жывот – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Жывот" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuzima" title="Ubuzima – kínjarvanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubuzima" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kínjarvanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%85" title="Олох – jakút" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Олох" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakút" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ – santalí" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita" title="Vita – sikileyska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vita" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sikileyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life" title="Life – skoska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Life" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skoska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D9%8A" title="زندگي – sindí" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="زندگي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivot" title="Život – serbókróatíska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Život" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbókróatíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA" title="ජීවය – singalíska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජීවය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life" title="Life – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Life" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivot" title="Život – slóvakíska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Život" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slóvakíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="زندگی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="زندگی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivljenje" title="Življenje – slóvenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Življenje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slóvenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupenyu" title="Hupenyu – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Hupenyu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nolosha" title="Nolosha – sómalska" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nolosha" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="sómalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeta" title="Jeta – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jeta" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Живот – serbneska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Живот" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirup" title="Hirup – súndanska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hirup" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="súndanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liv" title="Liv – sænska" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Liv" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sænska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhai" title="Uhai – svahílí" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uhai" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahílí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBycie" title="Życie – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Życie" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/uzip" title="uzip – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="uzip" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="உயிர் – tamílska" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamílska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82" title="జీవం – telúgú" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జీవం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telúgú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%A3" title="Зиндагӣ – tadsjikska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Зиндагӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95" title="ชีวิต – taílenska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชีวิต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taílenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Da%C5%9Fa%C3%BDy%C5%9F" title="Ýaşaýyş – túrkmenska" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ýaşaýyş" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="túrkmenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buhay" title="Buhay – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Buhay" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%27ui" title="Mo'ui – tongverska" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Mo'ui" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C5%9Fam" title="Yaşam – tyrkneska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yaşam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkneska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vutomi" title="Vutomi – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vutomi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Тереклек – tatarska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тереклек" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F" title="Життя – úkraínska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Життя" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="úkraínska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حیات – úrdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="úrdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayot" title="Hayot – úsbekska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hayot" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="úsbekska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita" title="Vita – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Vita" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elo" title="Elo – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Elo" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%B1_s%E1%BB%91ng" title="Sự sống – víetnamska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sự sống" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="víetnamska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lif" title="Lif – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lif" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veye_(biyolodjeye)" title="Veye (biyolodjeye) – vallónska" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Veye (biyolodjeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinabuhi" title="Kinabuhi – varaí" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kinabuhi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命 – wu-kínverska" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="生命" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kínverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life" title="Life – sósa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Life" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="sósa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="თელარა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თელარა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%9F" title="לעבן – jiddíska" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לעבן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddíska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengmingh" title="Sengmingh – súang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sengmingh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="súang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命 – kínverska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="生命" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kínverska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8%E2%81%BF-mi%C4%81" title="Sèⁿ-miā – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sèⁿ-miā" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命 – kantónska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="生命" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantónska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impilo" title="Impilo – súlú" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Impilo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="súlú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Breyta tungumálatenglum" class="wbc-editpage">Breyta tenglum</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nafnrými"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">íslenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Sýn"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADf"><span>Lesa</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADf&veaction=edit" title="Breyta þessari síðu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Breyta</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADf&action=edit" title="Breyta frumkóða síðunnar [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Breyta frumkóða</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADf&action=history" title="Eldri útgáfur af síðunni. 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verkfæri</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">færa í hliðarstiku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">fela</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fleiri valkostir" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Aðgerðir </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected 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href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:S%C3%AD%C3%B0ur_sem_tengjast_hinga%C3%B0/L%C3%ADf" title="Listi yfir síður sem tengjast í þessa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Hvað tengist hingað</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:N%C3%BDlegar_breytingar_tengdar/L%C3%ADf" rel="nofollow" title="Nýlegar breytingar á ítengdum síðum [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Skyldar breytingar</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hlaða_inn_skrá" title="Hlaða inn skrám [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Hlaða inn skrá</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0ur" title="Listi yfir kerfissíður [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Kerfissíður</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADf&oldid=1880928" title="Varanlegur tengill í þessa útgáfu síðunnar"><span>Varanlegur tengill</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADf&action=info" title="Frekari upplýsingar um þessa síðu"><span>Síðuupplýsingar</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:CiteThisPage&page=L%C3%ADf&id=1880928&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Upplýsingar um hvernig á að vitna í þessa síðu"><span>Vitna í þessa síðu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fis.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FL%25C3%25ADf"><span>Fá styttan tengil</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fis.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FL%25C3%25ADf"><span>Niðurhlaða QR-kóða</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prenta/flytja út </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=L%C3%ADf"><span>Búa til bók</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:DownloadAsPdf&page=L%C3%ADf&action=show-download-screen"><span>Sækja sem PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADf&printable=yes" title="Prentanleg útgáfa af þessari síðu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Prentvæn útgáfa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Í öðrum verkefnum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Life" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikiquote.org/wiki/L%C3%ADfi%C3%B0" hreflang="is"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3" title="Tengill á tengdan hlut í gagnagrunni [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata hlutur</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Síðuverkfæri"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Útlit"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Útlit</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">færa í hliðarstiku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">fela</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Úr Wikipediu, frjálsa alfræðiritinu</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="is" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1744436">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Sjá <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADf_(a%C3%B0greining)" class="mw-disambig" title="Líf (aðgreining)">aðgreiningarsíðuna</a> fyrir yfirlit yfir aðrar merkingar „Líf“</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Mynd:Aerial_image_of_Grand_Prismatic_Spring_(view_from_the_south).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Aerial_image_of_Grand_Prismatic_Spring_%28view_from_the_south%29.jpg/220px-Aerial_image_of_Grand_Prismatic_Spring_%28view_from_the_south%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Aerial_image_of_Grand_Prismatic_Spring_%28view_from_the_south%29.jpg/330px-Aerial_image_of_Grand_Prismatic_Spring_%28view_from_the_south%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Aerial_image_of_Grand_Prismatic_Spring_%28view_from_the_south%29.jpg/440px-Aerial_image_of_Grand_Prismatic_Spring_%28view_from_the_south%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C3%96rvera" title="Örvera">Örverubreiður</a> í kringum <a href="/wiki/Hver" title="Hver">hver</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Líf</b> er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eiginleiki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eiginleiki (síða er ekki enn til)">eiginleiki</a> sem aðgreinir <a href="/wiki/Efni" title="Efni">efni</a> sem býr yfir <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfr%C3%A6nt_ferli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lífrænt ferli (síða er ekki enn til)">lífrænum ferlum</a> eins og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frumubo%C3%B0skipti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frumuboðskipti (síða er ekki enn til)">frumuboðskiptum</a> og sjálfbærum vexti, frá efni sem ekki býr yfir slíkum ferlum. Meðal þess sem einkennir lifandi efni er <a href="/wiki/Samv%C3%A6gi" title="Samvægi">samvægi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfr%C3%A6nt_skipulag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lífrænt skipulag (síða er ekki enn til)">lífrænt skipulag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Efnaskipti" title="Efnaskipti">efnaskipti</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frumuv%C3%B6xtur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frumuvöxtur (síða er ekki enn til)">frumuvöxtur</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=A%C3%B0l%C3%B6gun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aðlögun (síða er ekki enn til)">aðlögun</a> og <a href="/wiki/%C3%86xlun" title="Æxlun">æxlun</a>. Allt líf <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6%C3%B0ing" title="Fæðing">fæðist</a> og <a href="/wiki/Dau%C3%B0i" title="Dauði">deyr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%93dau%C3%B0leiki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ódauðleiki (síða er ekki enn til)">Ódauðleiki</a> er ekki til. Til eru margar heimspekilegar skilgreiningar á því hvað <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfkerfi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lífkerfi (síða er ekki enn til)">lífkerfi</a> er. Líf er grundvallarhugtak í <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADffr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Líffræði">líffræði</a>, en er þó vandmeðfarið og síður en svo auðvelt að skilgreina.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sem dæmi má nefna að ekki er ljóst hvort telja skuli <a href="/wiki/Veira" title="Veira">veirur</a> til lífvera þar sem þær geta ekki fjölgað sér sjálfstætt utan hýsilfrumu. Líf finnst um alla jörðina: í andrúmsloftinu, vatni og jarðvegi. <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADfhvolfi%C3%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Lífhvolfið">Lífhvolfið</a> er myndað úr mörgum <a href="/wiki/Vistkerfi" title="Vistkerfi">vistkerfum</a>, en hluti af því er umhverfi sem er fjandsamlegt flestum lífverum nema <a href="/wiki/Ja%C3%B0arl%C3%ADfvera" title="Jaðarlífvera">jaðarlífverum</a>. </p><p>Hægt er að rekja <a href="/wiki/Uppruni_l%C3%ADfs" title="Uppruni lífs">uppruna lífs</a> á jörðinni 3,5 milljarða ára aftur í tímann,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> þannig að allar lífverur eiga sér <a href="/wiki/Sameiginlegur_forveri_alls_l%C3%ADfs" class="mw-redirect" title="Sameiginlegur forveri alls lífs">sameiginlegan forvera</a> samkvæmt einni tilgátu.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allar <a href="/wiki/Tegund_(l%C3%ADffr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Tegund (líffræði)">tegundir</a> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADfvera" title="Lífvera">lífvera</a> hafa þróast út frá þessum síðasta sameiginlega forvera.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Margar þeirra hafa <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Atdau%C3%B0i" title="Útdauði">dáið út</a> og skilið eftir sig <a href="/wiki/Steingervingur" title="Steingervingur">steingervinga</a>. Líf hefur verið viðfangsefni rannsókna að minnsta kosti frá <a href="/wiki/Forn%C3%B6ld" title="Fornöld">fornöld</a>. Samkvæmt <a href="/wiki/Efnishyggja" title="Efnishyggja">efnishyggju</a> <a href="/wiki/Emped%C3%B3kles" title="Empedókles">Empedóklesar</a> var líf myndað úr fjórum <a href="/wiki/Frumefni_fornaldar" class="mw-redirect" title="Frumefni fornaldar">frumefnum</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B3teles" title="Aristóteles">Aristóteles</a> setti fram hugmyndina um að allar lifandi verur hefðu <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1l" title="Sál">sál</a>. Hann var líka fyrstur til að reyna að flokka lífverur skipulega. Nútímaflokkunarfræði lífvera kom fram á 18. öld með <a href="/wiki/Tv%C3%ADnefni" title="Tvínefni">tvínefnakerfi</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl von Linné">Carls von Linné</a>. </p><p>Efnafræðilega eru lífverur myndaðar úr <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADfefnafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Lífefnafræði">lífrænum sameindum</a> sem að mestu eru gerðar úr nokkrum <a href="/wiki/Frumefni" title="Frumefni">lykilfrumefnum</a>. Allar lífverur hafa tvenns konar stórar sameindir: <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%B3tein" class="mw-redirect" title="Prótein">prótein</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kjarns%C3%BDra" title="Kjarnsýra">kjarnsýrur</a>, oftast bæði <a href="/wiki/Deox%C3%BDr%C3%ADb%C3%B3sakjarns%C3%BDra" class="mw-redirect" title="Deoxýríbósakjarnsýra">deoxýríbósakjarnsýrur</a> og <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADb%C3%B3sakjarns%C3%BDra" title="Ríbósakjarnsýra">ríbósakjarnsýrur</a>. Kjarnsýrurnar geyma upplýsingar sem hver tegund þarfnast, meðal annars upplýsingar um gerð próteina. Próteinin eru svo efnafræðileg undirstaða hinna ýmsu lífrænu ferla. Undirstöðueining allra lífvera er <a href="/wiki/Fruma" title="Fruma">fruman</a>. Langflestar lífverur (til dæmis allir <a href="/wiki/Dreifkj%C3%B6rnungur" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreifkjörnungur">dreifkjörnungar</a>) eru <a href="/wiki/%C3%96rvera" title="Örvera">einfruma</a>, en sumir <a href="/wiki/Heilkj%C3%B6rnungur" class="mw-redirect" title="Heilkjörnungur">heilkjörnungar</a> mynda flóknari <a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%B6lfrumungur" title="Fjölfrumungur">fjölfruma lífverur</a>. Líf er eingöngu þekkt á jörðinni, en <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Everst%C3%A6%C3%B0a_Fermis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Þverstæða Fermis (síða er ekki enn til)">talið er líklegt</a> að <a href="/wiki/Stj%C3%B6rnul%C3%ADffr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Stjörnulíffræði">líf sé til á öðrum hnöttum</a>. Vísindamenn reyna oft að herma eftir lífrænum ferlum og búa til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gervil%C3%ADf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gervilíf (síða er ekki enn til)">gervilíf</a> í rannsóknarskyni. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skilgreining">Skilgreining</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADf&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Breyti hluta: Skilgreining" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADf&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Skilgreining"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hefðbundin_skilgreining"><span id="Hef.C3.B0bundin_skilgreining"></span>Hefðbundin skilgreining</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADf&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Breyti hluta: Hefðbundin skilgreining" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADf&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Hefðbundin skilgreining"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Engin ein skilgreining er til sem nær óyggjandi yfir allar lífverur en undanskilur allt lífvana efni. Almennt má þó telja þá veru lífveru sem uppfyllir <b>öll</b> eða að minnsta kosti <b>flest</b> eftirfarandi skilyrða. </p> <ul><li>Veran stundar <a href="/wiki/Efnaskipti" title="Efnaskipti">efnaskipti</a>, en í því felst að hún <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A6ring" title="Næring">nærist</a> og umbreytir <a href="/wiki/Orka" title="Orka">efnaorku</a> eða ljósorku í <a href="/wiki/Fruma" title="Fruma">frumuhluta</a> og önnur <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADfefni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lífefni (síða er ekki enn til)">lífefni</a>. Næringin eykur þannig vöxt hennar og gerir henni einnig kleift að nýta orku til annarrar starfsemi, svo sem hreyfingar og úrgangslosunar.</li> <li>Veran <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%B6xtur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vöxtur (síða er ekki enn til)">vex</a>, en í því felst að hún stundar lífsmíðandi (<i>anabólísk</i>) efnaskipti í ríkari mæli en niðurbrot (<i>katabólísk efnaskipti</i>). Vexti fylgir gjarnan að veran gengur í gegn um ákveðin <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Eroski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Þroski (síða er ekki enn til)">þroskastig</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samv%C3%A6gi" title="Samvægi">Samvægi</a>: Veran bregst á einhvern hátt við <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81reiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Áreiti (síða er ekki enn til)">áreiti</a> og lagar sig að umhverfisaðstæðum.</li> <li>Veran er fær um að <a href="/wiki/%C3%86xlun" title="Æxlun">æxlast</a>, annað hvort <a href="/wiki/Kynlaus_%C3%A6xlun" title="Kynlaus æxlun">kynlaust</a> eða með <a href="/wiki/Kyn%C3%A6xlun" title="Kynæxlun">kynæxlun</a> (eða hvort tveggja).</li> <li>Veran hefur <a href="/wiki/Erf%C3%B0aefni" title="Erfðaefni">erfðaefni</a> sem getur tekið <a href="/wiki/St%C3%B6kkbreyting" title="Stökkbreyting">breytingum</a> og borist milli kynslóða.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Undantekningar">Undantekningar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADf&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Breyti hluta: Undantekningar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADf&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Undantekningar"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAlasni" title="Múlasni">Múlasnar</a> og önnur <a href="/wiki/%C3%93frj%C3%B3semi" title="Ófrjósemi">ófrjó</a> dýr, þar sem þessar verur geta ekki fjölgað sér en teljast þó til lífs.</li> <li>Hægt væri að skilgreina <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3lstjarna" class="mw-redirect" title="Sólstjarna">stjörnur</a> eða <a href="/wiki/Eldur" title="Eldur">eld</a> sem lifandi þó svo að það sé ekki venjan.</li> <li>Veira vex ekki, stundar engin efnaskipti og getur ekki fjölgað sér utan hýsils og er álitamál hvort sé talin til lífs eða ekki.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Þróun"><span id=".C3.9Er.C3.B3un"></span>Þróun</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADf&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Breyti hluta: Þróun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADf&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Þróun"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uppruni">Uppruni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADf&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Breyti hluta: Uppruni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADf&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Uppruni"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1744436"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Aðalgrein: <a href="/wiki/Uppruni_l%C3%ADfs" title="Uppruni lífs">Uppruni lífs</a></div> <p>Líf er talið hafa orðið til á <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6r%C3%B0in" title="Jörðin">jörðinni</a> fyrir hér um bil 3,5 til 4 <a href="/wiki/Milljar%C3%B0ur" title="Milljarður">milljörðum</a> ára.<sup id="cite_ref-GudmEgg_2003_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GudmEgg_2003-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Staley_etal_2007_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staley_etal_2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ljóst er að allar núlifandi lífverur stunda efnaskipti sem eru í meginatriðum sömu gerðar og hafa <a href="/wiki/Erf%C3%B0aefni" title="Erfðaefni">erfðaefni</a> á formi <a href="/wiki/Kjarns%C3%BDra" title="Kjarnsýra">kjarnsýrunnar</a> DNA. Þessi atriði og ýmis fleiri styðja þá tilgátu að allar lífverur Jarðarinnar eigi sér sameiginlegan <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AD%C3%B0asti_sameiginlegi_forfa%C3%B0ir_allra_n%C3%BAlifandi_l%C3%ADfvera" title="Síðasti sameiginlegi forfaðir allra núlifandi lífvera">áa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%A1lfskviknun" title="Sjálfskviknun">Sjálfkviknun</a> lífvera úr lífvana efni, sem um aldir var álitin útskýra tilurð lífvera, var <a href="/wiki/Hrekjanleiki" title="Hrekjanleiki">afsönnuð</a> af <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a> um miðja <a href="/wiki/19._%C3%B6ld" class="mw-redirect" title="19. öld">19. öld</a>. Hvernig líf kviknaði á jörðinni í árdaga er enn að verulegu leyti ráðgáta, en þó hafa veigamiklir hlekkir í hinni löngu keðju atburða sem hlýtur að liggja frá ólífrænu efni til fullmótaðrar lífveru verið útskýrðir á sannfærandi hátt. Einkum ber í því samhengi að nefna tilraun þeirra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Miller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Miller (síða er ekki enn til)">Stanley Miller</a> og <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harolds Urey</a><sup id="cite_ref-Miller_1953_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller_1953-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Miller_Urey_1959_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller_Urey_1959-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, en þeir sýndu fram á myndun ýmissa lífrænna efna, þar á meðal <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%ADn%C3%B3s%C3%BDra" title="Amínósýra">amínósýra</a> úr ólífrænu efni við <a href="/wiki/Oxun" title="Oxun">afoxandi</a> aðstæður líkt og álitið er að hafi verið til staðar á jörðinni í árdaga. Kenningum sem leitast við að útskýra uppruna lífsins má í grófum dráttum skipta í tvo flokka, <i>eftirmyndunarkenningar</i> og <i>efnaskiptakenningar</i> eftir því hvort er álitið hafa komið til sögunnar fyrst, eiginleikinn til eftirmyndunar (sbr. eftirmyndun erfðaefnis) eða efnaskipta<sup id="cite_ref-GudmEgg_2003_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GudmEgg_2003-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Útdauði"><span id=".C3.9Atdau.C3.B0i"></span>Útdauði</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADf&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Breyti hluta: Útdauði" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADf&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Útdauði"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1744436"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Aðalgrein: <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Atdau%C3%B0i" title="Útdauði">Útdauði</a></div> <p>Útdauði er þegar tiltekin <a href="/wiki/Tegund_(l%C3%ADffr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Tegund (líffræði)">tegund</a> lífvera deyr út.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Þetta gerist þegar síðasti einstaklingurinn sem tilheyrir þeirri tegund deyr. Þar sem <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Atbrei%C3%B0sla_(l%C3%ADffr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Útbreiðsla (líffræði) (síða er ekki enn til)">útbreiðsla</a> lífvera getur verið mjög stór, getur verið erfitt að átta sig á því hvenær þessu stigi er náð. Oftast er það gert eftir á þegar ekki hefur orðið vart við tegundina um nokkurn tíma. Tegundir verða útdauða þegar þær geta ekki lengur lifað af vegna breytinga á <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BAsv%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Búsvæði">búsvæðum</a> eða samkeppni. Yfir 99% af öllum tegundum sem hafa lifað eru nú útdauð.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Book-Biology_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Book-Biology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StearnsStearns2000_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StearnsStearns2000-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20141108-MJN_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20141108-MJN-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hugsanlega hefur <a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%B6lda%C3%BAtdau%C3%B0i" title="Fjöldaútdauði">fjöldaútdauði</a> tegunda á tilteknum tímaskeiðum orðið til þess að hraða þróun nýrra lífvera til að auka fjölbreytni.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tilvísanir"><span id="Tilv.C3.ADsanir"></span>Tilvísanir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADf&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Breyti hluta: Tilvísanir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>breyta</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADf&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Tilvísanir"><span>breyta frumkóða</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1870427">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .side-box{background-color:#0f0f0f;color:white}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .side-box{background-color:#0f0f0f;color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1795920">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikivitnun" title="Wikivitnun">Wikivitnun</a> er með safn tilvitnana á síðunni <i><b><a href="https://is.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/L%C3%ADf" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Líf">Líf</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870427"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1795920"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Wiktionary-logo-is.png/35px-Wiktionary-logo-is.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Wiktionary-logo-is.png/52px-Wiktionary-logo-is.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Wiktionary-logo-is.png/70px-Wiktionary-logo-is.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikior%C3%B0ab%C3%B3kin" title="Wikiorðabókin">Wikiorðabókin</a> er með skilgreiningu á orðinu <i><b><a href="https://is.wiktionary.org/wiki/l%C3%ADf" class="extiw" title="wikt:líf">Líf</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1744314">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1870430">.mw-parser-output .citation a.new{color:black}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .citation a.new{color:white}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .citation a.new{color:white}}.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1873994">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJón_Gunnar_Þorsteinsson" class="citation web cs1">Jón Gunnar Þorsteinsson (29.2.2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=7117">„Er líf eftir dauðann?“</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADsindavefurinn" title="Vísindavefurinn">Vísindavefurinn</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%C3%ADsindavefurinn&rft.atitle=Er+l%C3%ADf+eftir+dau%C3%B0ann%3F&rft.au=J%C3%B3n+Gunnar+%C3%9Eorsteinsson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D7117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%ADf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFGuðmundur_Eggertsson" class="citation web cs1">Guðmundur Eggertsson (24.7.2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=687">„Er til fullnægjandi fræðileg skilgreining á lífi?“</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADsindavefurinn" title="Vísindavefurinn">Vísindavefurinn</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%C3%ADsindavefurinn&rft.atitle=Er+til+fulln%C3%A6gjandi+fr%C3%A6%C3%B0ileg+skilgreining+%C3%A1+l%C3%ADfi%3F&rft.au=Gu%C3%B0mundur+Eggertsson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D687&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%ADf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFGuðmundur_Eggertsson" class="citation web cs1">Guðmundur Eggertsson (29.2.2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=168">„Hvenær kviknaði líf á jörðinni og hvers vegna?“</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADsindavefurinn" title="Vísindavefurinn">Vísindavefurinn</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%C3%ADsindavefurinn&rft.atitle=Hven%C3%A6r+kvikna%C3%B0i+l%C3%ADf+%C3%A1+j%C3%B6r%C3%B0inni+og+hvers+vegna%3F&rft.au=Gu%C3%B0mundur+Eggertsson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%ADf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFEinar_Árnason" class="citation web cs1">Einar Árnason (9.3.2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=204">„Hver var fyrsta lífveran á jörðinni?“</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADsindavefurinn" title="Vísindavefurinn">Vísindavefurinn</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%C3%ADsindavefurinn&rft.atitle=Hver+var+fyrsta+l%C3%ADfveran+%C3%A1+j%C3%B6r%C3%B0inni%3F&rft.au=Einar+%C3%81rnason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%ADf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFÞorsteinn_Vilhjálmsson" class="citation web cs1">Þorsteinn Vilhjálmsson (17.3.2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=4065">„Af hverju er lífið til?“</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADsindavefurinn" title="Vísindavefurinn">Vísindavefurinn</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%C3%ADsindavefurinn&rft.atitle=Af+hverju+er+l%C3%ADfi%C3%B0+til%3F&rft.au=%C3%9Eorsteinn+Vilhj%C3%A1lmsson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D4065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%ADf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GudmEgg_2003-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GudmEgg_2003_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GudmEgg_2003_6-1">6,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFGuðmundur_Eggertsson2003" class="citation journal cs1">Guðmundur Eggertsson (2003). „Uppruni lífs“. <i>Náttúrufræðingurinn</i>. <b>71</b>: 145–152.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=N%C3%A1tt%C3%BArufr%C3%A6%C3%B0ingurinn&rft.atitle=Uppruni+l%C3%ADfs&rft.volume=71&rft.pages=145-152&rft.au=Gu%C3%B0mundur+Eggertsson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%ADf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Staley_etal_2007-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Staley_etal_2007_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFStaley2007" class="citation book cs1">Staley, Andrew D. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/microbiallife0000unse"><i>Microbial Life, 2. útg</i></a>. Sinauer Associates, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/978-0-87893-685-4" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/978-0-87893-685-4"><bdi>978-0-87893-685-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Microbial+Life%2C+2.+%C3%BAtg.&rft.pub=Sinauer+Associates%2C+Inc.&rft.isbn=978-0-87893-685-4&rft.aulast=Staley&rft.aufirst=Andrew+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmicrobiallife0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%ADf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller_1953-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Miller_1953_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1953" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, Stanley L. (1953). „Production of Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions“. <i>Science</i>. <b>117</b>: 528–529. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (síða er ekki enn til)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13056598">13056598</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Production+of+Amino+Acids+Under+Possible+Primitive+Earth+Conditions&rft.volume=117&rft.pages=528-529&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13056598&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Stanley+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%ADf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller_Urey_1959-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Miller_Urey_1959_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFMiller,_Stanley_L.Harold_C._Urey1959" class="citation journal cs1">Miller, Stanley L.; Harold C. Urey (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-polymer-science_1959-04_36_130/page/245">„Organic Compound Synthesis on the Primitive Earth“</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>130</b>: 245–251. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (síða er ekki enn til)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13668555">13668555</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Organic+Compound+Synthesis+on+the+Primitive+Earth&rft.volume=130&rft.pages=245-251&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13668555&rft.au=Miller%2C+Stanley+L.&rft.au=Harold+C.+Urey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-polymer-science_1959-04_36_130%2Fpage%2F245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%ADf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090926011523/http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861609974/extinction.html"><i>Extinction – definition</i></a>. Afrit af <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861609974/extinction.html">upprunalegu</a> geymt þann 26. september 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extinction+%E2%80%93+definition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fdictionary_1861609974%2Fextinction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%ADf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120901011807/http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/palaeofiles/triassic/extinction.htm">„What is an extinction?“</a>. <i>Late Triassic</i>. Bristol University. Afrit af <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Triassic/extinction.htm">upprunalegu</a> geymt þann 1. september 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 27. júní 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Late+Triassic&rft.atitle=What+is+an+extinction%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpalaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk%2FPalaeofiles%2FTriassic%2Fextinction.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%ADf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Book-Biology-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Book-Biology_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinney,_Michael_L." class="citation book cs1">McKinney, Michael L. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4LHnCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA110">„How do rare species avoid extinction? A paleontological view“</a>. Í Kunin, W.E.; Gaston, Kevin (ritstjórar). <i>The Biology of Rarity: Causes and consequences of rare—common differences</i>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/978-0-412-63380-5" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/978-0-412-63380-5"><bdi>978-0-412-63380-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230203051637/https://books.google.com/books?id=4LHnCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA110">Afrit</a> af uppruna á 3. febrúar 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 26. maí 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=How+do+rare+species+avoid+extinction%3F+A+paleontological+view&rft.btitle=The+Biology+of+Rarity%3A+Causes+and+consequences+of+rare%E2%80%94common+differences&rft.pub=Springer&rft.isbn=978-0-412-63380-5&rft.au=McKinney%2C+Michael+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4LHnCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%ADf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StearnsStearns2000-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-StearnsStearns2000_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFStearnsStearns2000" class="citation book cs1">Stearns, Beverly Peterson; Stearns, Stephen C. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0BHeC-tXIB4C&q=99+percent"><i>Watching, from the Edge of Extinction</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yale_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yale University Press (síða er ekki enn til)">Yale University Press</a>. bls. x. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:B%C3%B3kaheimildir/978-0-300-08469-6" title="Kerfissíða:Bókaheimildir/978-0-300-08469-6"><bdi>978-0-300-08469-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231105190204/https://books.google.com/books?id=0BHeC-tXIB4C&q=99+percent#v=snippet&q=99%20percent&f=false">Afrit</a> af uppruna á 5. nóvember 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 30. maí 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Watching%2C+from+the+Edge+of+Extinction&rft.pages=x&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-300-08469-6&rft.aulast=Stearns&rft.aufirst=Beverly+Peterson&rft.au=Stearns%2C+Stephen+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0BHeC-tXIB4C%26q%3D99%2Bpercent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%ADf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20141108-MJN-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20141108-MJN_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFNovacek" class="citation news cs1">Novacek, Michael J. (8. nóvember 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/09/opinion/sunday/prehistorys-brilliant-future.html">„Prehistory's Brilliant Future“</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141229225657/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/09/opinion/sunday/prehistorys-brilliant-future.html">Afrit</a> af uppruna á 29. desember 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 25. desember 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Prehistory%27s+Brilliant+Future&rft.aulast=Novacek&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F11%2F09%2Fopinion%2Fsunday%2Fprehistorys-brilliant-future.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%ADf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1870430"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1873994"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Valkenburgh1999" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blaire_Van_Valkenburgh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blaire Van Valkenburgh (síða er ekki enn til)">Van Valkenburgh, B.</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/890156">„Major patterns in the history of carnivorous mammals“</a>. <i>Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences</i>. <b>27</b>: 463–493. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (identifier) (síða er ekki enn til)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999AREPS..27..463V">1999AREPS..27..463V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.earth.27.1.463">10.1146/annurev.earth.27.1.463</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200229201201/https://zenodo.org/record/890156">Afrit</a> af uppruna á 29. febrúar 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Sótt 29. júní 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Earth+and+Planetary+Sciences&rft.atitle=Major+patterns+in+the+history+of+carnivorous+mammals&rft.volume=27&rft.pages=463-493&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.earth.27.1.463&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999AREPS..27..463V&rft.aulast=Van+Valkenburgh&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F890156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fis.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3%ADf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1744436">    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Sótt frá „<a dir="ltr" href="https://is.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Líf&oldid=1880928">https://is.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Líf&oldid=1880928</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0a:Flokkar" title="Kerfissíða:Flokkar">Flokkur</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flokkur:L%C3%ADf" title="Flokkur:Líf">Líf</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Þessari síðu var síðast breytt 6. október 2024, klukkan 12:03.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Textinn er gefinn út samkvæmt <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:H%C3%B6fundar%C3%A9ttur" title="Wikipedia:Höfundaréttur">Creative Commons Tilvísun-DeilaEins leyfi</a>. 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