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The blocked range is 8.222.128.0/17. </p><p>Prašome nurodyti visas aukščiau esančias detales į savo užklausose. </p> If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards/Wizard" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards/Wizard">Stewards Block Wizard</a>.</div></div><hr /> <p>Jūs galite peržiūrėti ir kopijuoti puslapio kodą. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="lt" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">[[Vaizdas:2011 Census Scheduled Tribes distribution map India by state and union territory.svg|thumb|230px|Sąrašinių tautų (adivasių) pasiskirstymas Indijoje pagal valstijas 2011 m.]] '''Adivasiai''' ({{hi|आदिवासी|ādivāsī}} – 'pirmieji gyventojai') – sąvoka, kuria įvardijamos [[Indija|Indijos]], [[Bangladešas|Bangladešo]], [[Šri Lanka|Šri Lankos]] [[čiabuviai|čiabuvių]] tautos. [[2011]] m. Indijoje gyveno 104 mln. adivasių, kurie sudarė 8,6 % šalies gyventojų.<ref>http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/scs-sts-form-25--of-population-says-census-2011-data/1109988/</ref> [[File:Percent of scheduled tribes in India-tehsils-census 2011.svg|thumb|Percent of scheduled tribes in India by tehsils by census 2011]] ~1930 m. sukurtas pavadinimas „adivasiai“ parinktas kaip priimtinesnis ir švelnesnis, nei kiti britų laikais naudoti pavadinimai ''aborigines'' („čiabuviai“) ar ''tribes'' („gentys“). Skirtingose vietovėse gausu skirtingų žodžių adivasiams įvardinti (pvz., vietomis naudojami ''vanavāsi'' „miškų gyventojai“, ''girijan'' „kalnų žmonės“ ir kt.). Indijoje adivasiai konstituciškai apibrėžti kaip „sąrašinės gentys“ (''Scheduled Tribes''). Nors nėra aiškių kriterijų, kokios tautos turėtų patekti į šį sąrašą, paprastai jam priskiriamos tokios, kurios gyvena geografinėje izoliacijoje, atokiose kalnų, miškų vietose, verčiasi rankų darbo žemės ūkiu, gyvulininkyste, [[rankiojimas|rankiojimu]], [[medžioklė|medžiokle]], nėra itin raštingos, pasižymi išskirtine kultūra.<ref>http://labourbureau.nic.in/SE_GUJARAT%2006-07_CHAPTER%20I.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304192938/http://labourbureau.nic.in/SE_GUJARAT%2006-07_CHAPTER%20I.pdf |date=2017-03-04 }}</ref> Tokių genčių Indijoje pripažinta 645.<ref>http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/ST%20Lists.pdf</ref> Adivasiai nepatenka į hinduistinę kastų sistemą. Daugelio adivasių religijai būdingi [[šamanizmas|šamanizmo]], [[animizmas|animizmo]] elementai. Panašu, kad perimdamas daugelį vietinių kultų susidarė ir pats [[hinduizmas]]. Dalis adivasių save laiko hinduizmo išpažinėjais, nors kiti reikalauja savo religijai atskiro statuso. Be to, yra adivasių genčių, išpažįstančių krikščionybę ar budizmą. Indijoje daugiausia adivasiams priskiriamų tautų gyvena [[Mizoramas|Mizorame]], [[Lakšadvipas|Lakšadvipe]], [[Nagalandas|Nagalande]], [[Meghalaja|Meghalajoje]] (>85 %), taip pat nemažai [[Arunačal Pradešas|Arunačal Pradeše]], [[Manipuras|Manipure]], [[Sikimas|Sikime]], [[Čhatisgarhas|Čhatisgarhe]], [[Andamanai ir Nikobarai|Andamanuose ir Nikobaruose]], [[Tripura|Tripuroje]], [[Madhja Pradešas|Madhja Pradeše]]. Adivasių iš esmės nėra tik [[Harjana|Harjanoje]] ir [[Pandžabas (Indija)|Pandžabe]]. Dauguma [[indoeuropiečių kalbos|indoeuropiečių]] ir [[dravidų kalbos|dravidų kalbomis]] kalbančių Indijos tautų adivasiams nepriklauso. Išimtį sudaro tik indoeuropiečiai [[pahariai]] („kalniečiai“), gyvenantys Himalajų priekalnėse (pvz., [[džaunsariai]], [[bhoksai]], [[tharai]]), bei smulkesnės [[dravidai|dravidų tautos]] ([[čenčai]], [[gondai]], [[khondai]], [[kamarai]], [[todai]], [[irulai]]). Kita vertus, didelė dalis adivasių priėmė plačiai vartojamas aplinkines kalbas, bet išlaikė savo savitą kultūrą (pvz., [[bandžarai (Indija)|bandžarai]], [[bhilai]]). Tačiau didžioji dalis adivasių priklauso kitoms kalbinėms grupėms: [[kinų-tibetiečių kalbos|kinų-tibetiečių]] ([[nagai (tauta)|nagai]], [[mizai]], [[bodai]], [[mišingai]], [[tripuriai]], [[lepčai]], [[dimasai]] ir kt.), [[austroazinės kalbos|austroazijiečių]] ([[mundai]], [[khasiai]], [[šompenai]]), [[andamaniečių kalbos|andamaniečių]] ([[andamaniečiai]]), [[tajų-kadajų kalbos|tajų-kadajų]] ([[khamtai]], [[khamjangai]], [[tai phakai]]). Šri Lankoje išskiriama viena adivasių tauta – [[vedai]], o Bangladeše – [[khasiai]], [[pnarai]], [[čakmai]], [[marmai]], [[garai (tauta)|garai]], [[manipuriai]], [[mundai]] ([[santalai]]), [[tripuriai]], [[tančangajai]]. == Šaltiniai == {{Išnašos}} [[Kategorija:Indijos tautos]] [[Kategorija:Etnologija]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Straipsnyje naudojami šablonai: </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablonas:Hi" title="Šablonas:Hi">Šablonas:Hi</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablonas:Hi&action=edit" title="Šablonas:Hi">taisyti</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablonas:I%C5%A1na%C5%A1os" title="Šablonas:Išnašos">Šablonas:Išnašos</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablonas:I%C5%A1na%C5%A1os&action=edit" title="Šablonas:Išnašos">žiūrėti kodą</a>) (pusiau apsaugotas)</li><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablonas:Webarchive" title="Šablonas:Webarchive">Šablonas:Webarchive</a> (<a 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id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>Pridėti kalbas</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Pridėti temą</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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