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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Performance history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Performance_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Performance history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Performance_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Premiere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premiere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Premiere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Premiere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_success" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_success"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>International success</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_success-sublist" 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href="#Act_1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Act 1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Act_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Act 2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Act_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Act 3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instrumentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instrumentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Instrumentation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instrumentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rosenkavalier_Suite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rosenkavalier_Suite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span><i>Rosenkavalier</i> Suite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rosenkavalier_Suite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grainger's_Ramble" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grainger's_Ramble"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Grainger's <i>Ramble</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grainger's_Ramble-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recordings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recordings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Recordings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recordings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier" title="Der Rosenkavalier – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Der Rosenkavalier" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%AF%C5%BEov%C3%BD_kaval%C3%ADr" title="Růžový kavalír – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Růžový kavalír" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier" title="Der Rosenkavalier – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Der Rosenkavalier" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosenkavaleren" title="Rosenkavaleren – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rosenkavaleren" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier" title="Der Rosenkavalier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Der Rosenkavalier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_caballero_de_la_rosa" title="El caballero de la rosa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="El caballero de la rosa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier" title="Der Rosenkavalier – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Der Rosenkavalier" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier" title="Der Rosenkavalier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Der Rosenkavalier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier" title="Der Rosenkavalier – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Der Rosenkavalier" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%AF%B8%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0%EC%82%AC" title="장미의 기사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="장미의 기사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A8" title="Վարդի ասպետը – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վարդի ասպետը" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_cavaliere_della_rosa" title="Il cavaliere della rosa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Il cavaliere della rosa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93" title="אביר הוורד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אביר הוורד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_r%C3%B3zsalovag" title="A rózsalovag – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A rózsalovag" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Кавалер со ружа – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кавалер со ружа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier" title="Der Rosenkavalier – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Der Rosenkavalier" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%B0%E3%82%89%E3%81%AE%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB" title="ばらの騎士 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ばらの騎士" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosenkavaleren" title="Rosenkavaleren – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rosenkavaleren" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosenkavaleren" title="Rosenkavaleren – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rosenkavaleren" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawaler_srebrnej_r%C3%B3%C5%BCy" title="Kawaler srebrnej róży – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kawaler srebrnej róży" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier" title="Der Rosenkavalier – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Der Rosenkavalier" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalerul_rozelor" title="Cavalerul rozelor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cavalerul rozelor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Кавалер розы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кавалер розы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier" title="Der Rosenkavalier – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Der Rosenkavalier" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavalir_z_ro%C5%BEo" title="Kavalir z rožo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kavalir z rožo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier" title="Der Rosenkavalier – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Der Rosenkavalier" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruusuritari" title="Ruusuritari – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ruusuritari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosenkavaljeren" title="Rosenkavaljeren – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rosenkavaljeren" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier" title="Der Rosenkavalier – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Der Rosenkavalier" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Кавалер троянди – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кавалер троянди" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%AB%E7%91%B0%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB" title="玫瑰騎士 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="玫瑰騎士" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q471240#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Der Rosenkavalier (disambiguation)">Der Rosenkavalier (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-style: italic;">Der Rosenkavalier</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">Opera</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Sterl_Schuch_dirigiert_Rosenkavalier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Robert_Sterl_Schuch_dirigiert_Rosenkavalier.jpg/220px-Robert_Sterl_Schuch_dirigiert_Rosenkavalier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Robert_Sterl_Schuch_dirigiert_Rosenkavalier.jpg/330px-Robert_Sterl_Schuch_dirigiert_Rosenkavalier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Robert_Sterl_Schuch_dirigiert_Rosenkavalier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="439" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Schuch" title="Ernst von Schuch">Ernst Edler von Schuch</a> conducting <i>Der Rosenkavalier</i> (1912), by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sterl" title="Robert Sterl">Robert Sterl</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Librettist</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_von_Hofmannsthal" title="Hugo von Hofmannsthal">Hugo von Hofmannsthal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">German</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Premiere</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline;" class="vevent">26 January 1911<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1911-01-26</span>)</span><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="summary"><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Semperoper" title="Semperoper">Königliches Opernhaus</a></span></span>, Dresden</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Postcard-1910_Strauss_Richard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Postcard-1910_Strauss_Richard.jpg/170px-Postcard-1910_Strauss_Richard.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Postcard-1910_Strauss_Richard.jpg/255px-Postcard-1910_Strauss_Richard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Postcard-1910_Strauss_Richard.jpg/340px-Postcard-1910_Strauss_Richard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3106" data-file-height="4691" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a> in 1910</figcaption></figure> <p><b><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Der Rosenkavalier</i></span></b> (<i><b>The Knight of the Rose</b></i> or <i><b>The Rose-Bearer</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrauss1912_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrauss1912-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), Op. 59, is a comic <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> in three acts by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a> to an original German <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hugo_von_Hofmannsthal" title="Hugo von Hofmannsthal">Hugo von Hofmannsthal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is loosely adapted from <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Louvet_de_Couvrai" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvrai">Louvet de Couvrai</a>'s novel <i>Les amours du chevalier de Faublas</i> and <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a>'s comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Monsieur_de_Pourceaugnac" title="Monsieur de Pourceaugnac">Monsieur de Pourceaugnac</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurray199243–44_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray199243–44-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was first performed at the <a href="/wiki/Semperoper" title="Semperoper">Königliches Opernhaus</a> in Dresden on 26 January <a href="/wiki/1911_in_music#Opera" title="1911 in music">1911</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Theatre_director" title="Theatre director">direction</a> of <a href="/wiki/Max_Reinhardt" title="Max Reinhardt">Max Reinhardt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Schuch" title="Ernst von Schuch">Ernst von Schuch</a> conducting. Until the premiere, the working title was <i>Ochs auf Lerchenau</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The choice of the name Ochs is not accidental, as "Ochs" means "ox", which describes the Baron's manner.) </p><p>The opera has four main characters: the aristocratic Marschallin; her 17-year-old lover, Count Octavian Rofrano; her brutish cousin Baron Ochs; and Ochs's prospective fiancée, Sophie von Faninal, the daughter of a rich <a href="/wiki/Bourgeois" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourgeois">bourgeois</a>. At the Marschallin's suggestion, Octavian acts as Ochs's <i>Rosenkavalier</i> by presenting a ceremonial silver rose to Sophie. But Octavian and Sophie fall in love on the spot, and soon devise a comic intrigue to extricate Sophie from her engagement, with help from the Marschallin, who then yields Octavian to Sophie.<sup id="cite_ref-Jefferson_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jefferson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though a comic opera, the work incorporates weighty themes (particularly through the Marschallin's character arc), including infidelity, aging, sexual predation, and selflessness in love. </p><p><i>Der Rosenkavalier</i> is notable for showcasing the female voice, as its protagonists (light <a href="/wiki/Lyric_soprano" title="Lyric soprano">lyric soprano</a> Sophie, <a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">mezzo-soprano</a> Octavian, and the mature <a href="/wiki/Dramatic_soprano" title="Dramatic soprano">dramatic soprano</a> Marschallin) are written to be portrayed by women, who share several duets as well as a trio at the opera's emotional climax. Some singers have performed two or even all three of these roles over the course of their careers. </p><p>There are many recordings of the opera and it is regularly performed.<sup id="cite_ref-Operabase_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Operabase-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_Rosenkavalier&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Der_Rosenkavalier&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Richard Strauss first met Hugo von Hofmannstal in 1899 in Berlin. Strauss was subsequently impressed by Hofmannsthal's play <i>Elektra</i> (1903), and adapted it into <a href="/wiki/Elektra_(opera)" title="Elektra (opera)">an opera</a> that premiered on 25 January 1909. During that process, they agreed to collaborate on a new project that would be more comedic in tone. After Strauss rejected Hofmannstal's comedy <i>Christinas Heimreise</i> and the plays of <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a> yielded little fruit, Hofmannsthal visited <a href="/wiki/Harry_Graf_Kessler" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Graf Kessler">Harry Graf Kessler</a> in Weimar.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilhelm_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilhelm-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the course of a few days in February 1909, Hofmannsthal and Kessler drafted a scenario inspired by a 1907 operetta that Kessler had seen in Paris: <i>L'Ingénu libertin</i> by playwright <a href="/wiki/Louis_Artus" title="Louis Artus">Louis Artus</a> and composer <a href="/wiki/Claude_Terrasse" title="Claude Terrasse">Claude Terrasse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Strauss approved the plot outline and work began in earnest. Act I's text was written in February–March 1909, with its music finished in May. Through the summer, Strauss composed Act II, collaborating with Hofmannstal to add more comedy and plot twists. By spring 1910, the first two acts were printed and Hofmannstal had finished writing the libretto. Strauss finished the final act on 26 September 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilhelm_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilhelm-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first production was slated to be directed by the Dresden Opera's Georg Toller, who had staged the world premiere of Strauss's <i>Elektra</i>, but the creators had subsequently been impressed by the Vienna production of <i>Elektra</i> with sets designed by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Roller" title="Alfred Roller">Alfred Roller</a> (director of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Applied_Arts_Vienna" title="University of Applied Arts Vienna">Vienna Kunstgewerbeschule</a>) and lost faith in Toller. Strauss and Hofmannsthal commissioned Roller to design sets and costumes for <i>Der Rosenkavalier</i> and arranged for his designs to be published in an illustrated <a href="/wiki/Prompt_book" title="Prompt book">prompt book</a> that all productions would be obligated to use.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilhelm_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilhelm-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also controversially recruited <a href="/wiki/Max_Reinhardt" title="Max Reinhardt">Max Reinhardt</a> to assist with rehearsals as a "shadow director" or replacement for Toller, although Toller remained the sole credited director.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurray1992_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray1992-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance_history">Performance history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_Rosenkavalier&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Performance history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Premiere">Premiere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_Rosenkavalier&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Premiere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Der Rosenkavalier</i> premiered on 26 January 1911 in Dresden conducted by <a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Schuch" title="Ernst von Schuch">Ernst von Schuch</a>, who had conducted the premieres of Strauss's <i><a href="/wiki/Feuersnot" title="Feuersnot">Feuersnot</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Salome_(opera)" title="Salome (opera)">Salome</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Elektra_(opera)" title="Elektra (opera)">Elektra</a></i>. Soprano <a href="/wiki/Margarethe_Siems" title="Margarethe Siems">Margarethe Siems</a> (Strauss's first <a href="/wiki/Elektra_(opera)#Roles" title="Elektra (opera)">Chrysothemis</a>) sang the Marschallin, in a turn that represented the pinnacle of her career,<sup id="cite_ref-Grove_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Minnie_Nast" title="Minnie Nast">Minnie Nast</a> portrayed Sophie and <a href="/wiki/Eva_von_der_Osten" title="Eva von der Osten">Eva von der Osten</a> sang the <a href="/wiki/Breeches_role" title="Breeches role">breeches role</a> of Octavian. </p><p>From the start, <i>Der Rosenkavalier</i> was nothing short of a triumph: tickets to the premiere reportedly sold out almost immediately, resulting in a financial boom for the house. Though some critics took issue with Strauss's anachronistic use of <a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">waltz</a> music, the public embraced the opera unconditionally. <i>Rosenkavalier</i> became Strauss's most popular opera during his lifetime and remains a staple of operatic repertoire today.<sup id="cite_ref-Jefferson_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jefferson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Grove_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_success">International success</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_Rosenkavalier&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: International success"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within two months of its premiere, the work was translated into Italian and performed at <a href="/wiki/La_Scala" title="La Scala">La Scala</a>. The Italian cast, led by conductor <a href="/wiki/Tullio_Serafin" title="Tullio Serafin">Tullio Serafin</a>, included <a href="/wiki/Lucrezia_Bori" title="Lucrezia Bori">Lucrezia Bori</a> as Octavian, <a href="/wiki/Ines_Maria_Ferraris" title="Ines Maria Ferraris">Ines Maria Ferraris</a> as Sophie, and <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Ludikar" title="Pavel Ludikar">Pavel Ludikar</a> as Ochs. The opera's Austrian premiere was given by the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera" title="Vienna State Opera">Vienna Court Opera</a> on the following 8 April, under <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schalk" title="Franz Schalk">Franz Schalk</a>'s baton,<sup id="cite_ref-NFP_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NFP-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Lucie_Weidt" title="Lucie Weidt">Lucie Weidt</a> as Marschallin, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_F%C3%B6rstel" title="Gertrude Förstel">Gertrude Förstel</a> as Sophie substituting for <a href="/wiki/Selma_Kurz" title="Selma Kurz">Selma Kurz</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NFP_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NFP-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marie_Gutheil-Schoder" title="Marie Gutheil-Schoder">Marie Gutheil-Schoder</a> as Octavian and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Mayr" title="Richard Mayr">Richard Mayr</a> as Ochs.<sup id="cite_ref-amadeus_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amadeus-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work reached the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Costanzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Teatro Costanzi">Teatro Costanzi</a> in Rome seven months later on 14 November with <a href="/wiki/Egisto_Tango" title="Egisto Tango">Egisto Tango</a> conducting <a href="/wiki/Hariclea_Darcl%C3%A9e" title="Hariclea Darclée">Hariclea Darclée</a> as the Marschallin and <a href="/wiki/Conchita_Superv%C3%ADa" title="Conchita Supervía">Conchita Supervía</a> as Octavian.<sup id="cite_ref-amadeus_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amadeus-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The United Kingdom premiere of <i>Der Rosenkavalier</i> occurred at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House" title="Royal Opera House">Royal Opera House</a> in London on 29 January 1913. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Beecham" title="Thomas Beecham">Thomas Beecham</a> conducted the performance and the cast included <a href="/wiki/Margarethe_Siems" title="Margarethe Siems">Margarethe Siems</a> as the Marschallin and <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Hatchard" title="Caroline Hatchard">Caroline Hatchard</a> as Sophie. The United States premiere took place at the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a> on the following 9 December in a production conducted by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hertz" title="Alfred Hertz">Alfred Hertz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cast included <a href="/wiki/Frieda_Hempel" title="Frieda Hempel">Frieda Hempel</a> as the Marschallin, <a href="/wiki/Margarethe_Arndt-Ober" title="Margarethe Arndt-Ober">Margarethe Arndt-Ober</a> as Octavian, and <a href="/wiki/Anna_Case" title="Anna Case">Anna Case</a> as Sophie. A number of Italian theatres produced the work for the first time in the 1920s, including the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Lirico_Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Teatro Lirico Giuseppe Verdi">Teatro Lirico Giuseppe Verdi</a> (1921), <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Regio_(Turin)" title="Teatro Regio (Turin)">Teatro Regio di Torino</a> (1923), <a href="/wiki/Teatro_di_San_Carlo" title="Teatro di San Carlo">Teatro di San Carlo</a> (1925), and the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Carlo_Felice" title="Teatro Carlo Felice">Teatro Carlo Felice</a> (1926).<sup id="cite_ref-amadeus_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amadeus-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Der Rosenkavalier</i> reached Monaco on 21 March 1926 when it was performed by the <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_de_Monte-Carlo" title="Opéra de Monte-Carlo">Opéra de Monte-Carlo</a> at the Salle Garnier in a French translation. The performance starred <a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Ritter-Ciampi" title="Gabrielle Ritter-Ciampi">Gabrielle Ritter-Ciampi</a> as the Marschallin and <a href="/wiki/Vanni_Marcoux" title="Vanni Marcoux">Vanni Marcoux</a> as Faninal. 1926 also saw the premiere of <a href="/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier_(1926_film)" title="Der Rosenkavalier (1926 film)">a film of the opera</a>. The French premiere of the opera itself came in 1927 at the <a href="/wiki/Palais_Garnier" title="Palais Garnier">Palais Garnier</a> in Paris on 11 February 1927 with conductor <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Gaubert" title="Philippe Gaubert">Philippe Gaubert</a>. The cast included <a href="/wiki/Germaine_Lubin" title="Germaine Lubin">Germaine Lubin</a> as Octavian. Brussels heard the work for the first time at <a href="/wiki/La_Monnaie" title="La Monnaie">La Monnaie</a> on 15 December 1927 with <a href="/wiki/Clara_Clairbert" title="Clara Clairbert">Clara Clairbert</a> as Sophie.<sup id="cite_ref-amadeus_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amadeus-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Salzburg_Festival" title="Salzburg Festival">Salzburg Festival</a> mounted <i>Der Rosenkavalier</i> for the first time on 12 August 1929 in a production conducted by <a href="/wiki/Clemens_Krauss" title="Clemens Krauss">Clemens Krauss</a>. The cast included <a href="/wiki/Lotte_Lehmann" title="Lotte Lehmann">Lotte Lehmann</a> as the Marschallin and <a href="/wiki/Marta_Fuchs" title="Marta Fuchs">Marta Fuchs</a> as Annina. Other first productions at notable houses, opera festivals, and music ensembles include: <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Massimo" title="Teatro Massimo">Teatro Massimo</a> (5 March 1932), <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Orchestra" title="Philadelphia Orchestra">Philadelphia Orchestra</a> (30 November 1934), <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Opera" title="San Francisco Opera">San Francisco Opera</a> (16 October 1940), <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Opera_Company" title="Philadelphia Opera Company">Philadelphia Opera Company</a> (2 December 1941), <a href="/wiki/Maggio_Musicale_Fiorentino" title="Maggio Musicale Fiorentino">Maggio Musicale Fiorentino</a> (2 May 1942), <a href="/wiki/La_Fenice" title="La Fenice">La Fenice</a> (20 April 1943), <a href="/wiki/Festival_dei_Due_Mondi" title="Festival dei Due Mondi">Festival dei Due Mondi</a> (19 June 1964), <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Comunale_di_Bologna" title="Teatro Comunale di Bologna">Teatro Comunale di Bologna</a> (19 November 1965), <a href="/wiki/Lyric_Opera_of_Chicago" title="Lyric Opera of Chicago">Lyric Opera of Chicago</a> (25 September 1970), and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Opera" title="New York City Opera">New York City Opera</a> (19 November 1973), among many others.<sup id="cite_ref-amadeus_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amadeus-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was first presented in Australia as a radio broadcast on 7 January 1936, featuring <a href="/wiki/Florence_Austral" title="Florence Austral">Florence Austral</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the first Australian stage production was not until 1972, by the <a href="/wiki/Opera_Australia" title="Opera Australia">Australian Opera</a> in Melbourne, conducted by Sir <a href="/wiki/Edward_Downes" title="Edward Downes">Edward Downes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first New Zealand performance was at the International Festival of the Arts in Wellington in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roles">Roles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_Rosenkavalier&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Roles, voice types, premiere cast</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Role</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Voice_type" title="Voice type">Voice type</a></th> <th>Premiere cast, 26 January 1911<br /><a href="/wiki/Conducting" title="Conducting">Conductor</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Schuch" title="Ernst von Schuch">Ernst von Schuch</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>The Marschallin, Princess Marie Thérèse von Werdenberg </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Margarethe_Siems" title="Margarethe Siems">Margarethe Siems</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Octavian, Count Rofrano, <i>her young lover</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mezzo-soprano" title="Mezzo-soprano">mezzo-soprano</a> (<a href="/wiki/En_travesti" class="mw-redirect" title="En travesti">en travesti</a>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eva_von_der_Osten" title="Eva von der Osten">Eva von der Osten</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Baron Ochs auf Lerchenau, <i>the Marschallin's cousin</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bass_(voice_type)" title="Bass (voice type)">bass</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karl_Perron" title="Karl Perron">Karl Perron</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sophie von Faninal </td> <td>high soprano or <a href="/wiki/Soubrette" title="Soubrette">soubrette</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minnie_Nast" title="Minnie Nast">Minnie Nast</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Herr von Faninal, <i>Sophie's rich <a href="/wiki/Parvenu" title="Parvenu">parvenu</a> father</i> </td> <td>high <a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">baritone</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karl_Scheidemantel" title="Karl Scheidemantel">Karl Scheidemantel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Marianne, <i>Sophie's <a href="/wiki/Chaperone_(social)" title="Chaperone (social)">duenna</a></i> </td> <td>high soprano </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riza_Eibensch%C3%BCtz" title="Riza Eibenschütz">Riza Eibenschütz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Valzacchi, <i>an intriguer</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenor</a> </td> <td>Hans Rüdiger </td></tr> <tr> <td>Annina, <i>his niece and partner</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Contralto" title="Contralto">contralto</a> </td> <td>Erna Freund </td></tr> <tr> <td>A notary </td> <td>bass </td> <td>Ludwig Ermold </td></tr> <tr> <td>An Italian singer </td> <td>high <a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Soot" title="Fritz Soot">Fritz Soot</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Three noble orphans </td> <td>soprano, mezzo-<br />soprano, contralto </td> <td>Marie Keldorfer, Gertrude Sachse, Paula Seiring </td></tr> <tr> <td>A milliner </td> <td>soprano </td> <td>Elisa Stünzner </td></tr> <tr> <td>A vendor of pets </td> <td>tenor </td> <td>Josef Pauli </td></tr> <tr> <td>Faninal's Major-Domo </td> <td>tenor </td> <td>Fritz Soot </td></tr> <tr> <td>A police inspector </td> <td>bass </td> <td>Julius Puttlitz </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Marschallin's Major-Domo </td> <td>tenor </td> <td>Anton Erl </td></tr> <tr> <td>An innkeeper </td> <td>tenor </td> <td>Josef Pauli </td></tr> <tr> <td>Four lackeys </td> <td>tenors, basses </td> <td>Josef Pauli, Wilhelm Quidde, Rudolf Schmalnauer, Robert Büssel </td></tr> <tr> <td>Four waiters </td> <td>tenor, basses </td> <td>Wilhelm Quidde, Rudolf Schmalnauer, Robert Büssel, Franz Nebuschka </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mohammed, <i>the Marschallin's black page</i> </td> <td>silent </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>A flutist, a cook, a hairdresser and his assistant,<br />a scholar, a noble widow </td> <td>all silent </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><i>Servants, hired deceivers, children, constables</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synopsis">Synopsis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_Rosenkavalier&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Synopsis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Time: 1740s, in the first years of the reign of Empress <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a></dd> <dd>Place: <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_1">Act 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_Rosenkavalier&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Act 1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Hogarth_042.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/William_Hogarth_042.jpg/300px-William_Hogarth_042.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/William_Hogarth_042.jpg/450px-William_Hogarth_042.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/William_Hogarth_042.jpg/600px-William_Hogarth_042.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5496" data-file-height="4152" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Hogarth" title="William Hogarth">Hogarth</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Marriage_A-la-Mode:_4._The_Toilette" title="Marriage A-la-Mode: 4. The Toilette">The Countess's Morning Levee</a></i> (ca. 1744), the inspiration for the Marschallin's morning reception<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></figcaption></figure> <p><i>The Marschallin's bedroom</i> </p><p>The opera's <i>Einleitung</i> (Introduction) depicts a night of lovemaking between Princess Marie Therese von Werdenberg (known as the Marschallin, the title given to a Field Marshal's wife) and her much younger lover, Count Octavian Rofrano. The curtain rises to show them lounging in bed together just before daybreak ("Wie du warst! Wie du bist"). Loud voices are soon heard outside, and the Marschallin has Octavian hide, believing that her husband has returned early from a hunting trip. Octavian emerges in a skirt and bonnet ("Befehl'n fürstli' Gnad'n, i bin halt noch nit recht...") and tries to sneak away, but the Marschallin's country cousin, Baron Ochs auf Lerchenau, bursts in through the same door. </p><p>The Baron is newly engaged to Sophie Faninal ("Selbstverständlich empfängt mich Ihro Gnaden"), a wealthy merchant's daughter. This does not keep him from making lewd comments at the disguised Octavian. Ochs has come to ask two favors: he wants to borrow his cousin's <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_notary#Germany" title="Civil law notary">notary</a> to write the marriage contract, and he wants her to recommend a young nobleman to serve as his Rosenkavalier ("Knight of the Rose"), who will deliver the traditional silver engagement rose to Sophie. The Marschallin instructs "Mariandel" to fetch Octavian's miniature portrait and present it to the Baron. Ochs readily accepts Octavian as his Rosenkavalier, deciding that the "maid" must be that young count's "bastard sister", then insists that the Marschallin allow "Mariandel" to come and work for his new bride. She refuses as politely as possible and finally dismisses the "maid". </p><p>A busy reception scene ensues as the room fills with vendors and supplicants to the Marschallin ("Drei arme adelige Waisen"), who ignores the former and aids the latter. A tenor sent by the Portuguese ambassador serenades her ("Di rigori armato") while Ochs sits down with the notary. Two Italian intriguers, Valzacchi and Annina, present scandal sheets for sale, which the Marschallin coldly declines. Ochs tries to stipulate a gift from Sophie's family consisting of all their properties, free from mortgages, and quickly loses patience with the notary's attempts to explain that this is illegal. Amid all the activity, the Marschallin remarks to her hairdresser: "My dear Hippolyte, today you have made me look like an old woman" ("Mein lieber Hippolyte"). This so disturbs her that she orders the room to be emptied. As the people file out, Valzacchi and Annina offer Ochs their spying services. He asks whether they know anything about "Mariandel"; they lie and claim to know all about her. </p><p>Now alone, the Marschallin ponders her waning youth and the unhappiness of her forced marriage, perceiving the same in store for Sophie ("Da geht er hin..."). Octavian returns, dressed again in men's clothes ("Ach, du bist wieder da"). When he sees that the Marschallin is out of sorts, he assumes it is from her earlier fear that he might have been discovered. But she is still thinking of the passage of time (a clock is heard chiming 13 times) ("Die Zeit, die ist ein sonderbar Ding") and tells him that, very soon, he will leave her for someone younger and prettier. Octavian reacts with frustration, and the Marschallin turns him away. Too late, she realizes that she has neglected to kiss him goodbye. With nothing else to be done, she summons her young page, Mohammed, to take the silver rose to Octavian, then stares pensively into her hand mirror (or similar) as the curtain falls. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Faistauer_Richard_Mayr_als_Ochs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Faistauer_Richard_Mayr_als_Ochs.jpg/170px-Faistauer_Richard_Mayr_als_Ochs.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Faistauer_Richard_Mayr_als_Ochs.jpg/255px-Faistauer_Richard_Mayr_als_Ochs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Faistauer_Richard_Mayr_als_Ochs.jpg/340px-Faistauer_Richard_Mayr_als_Ochs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>1927 portrait of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Mayr" title="Richard Mayr">Richard Mayr</a> as Ochs by <a href="/wiki/Anton_Faistauer" title="Anton Faistauer">Anton Faistauer</a>. Mayr sang this role 149 times in Vienna, Salzburg and London.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_2">Act 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_Rosenkavalier&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Act 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The von Faninals' palace</i> </p><p>The next day, Herr von Faninal exultantly and Sophie nervously await the Rosenkavalier's arrival ("Ein ernster Tag, ein grosser Tag!"). Following tradition, Faninal departs before the Knight appears, saying that he will return with the bridegroom. Sophie prays to keep her sense of humility through all the rapid changes happening in her life, but she is repeatedly interrupted by her <a href="/wiki/Chaperone_(social)" title="Chaperone (social)">duenna</a>, Marianne, who reports from the window on the Rosenkavalier's elaborate entourage ("In dieser feierlichen Stunde der Prüfung"). Octavian arrives with great pomp, dressed all in silver, and presents the silver rose to Sophie ("Mir ist die Ehre widerfahren..."). She smells it, saying it is as sweet as a greeting from Heaven itself. Instantly smitten, Octavian joins her avowal that they will remember this moment until death. </p><p>They settle into a chaperoned conversation. Sophie reveals that she already knows Octavian's full name – Octavian Maria Ehrenreich Bonaventura Fernand Hyacinth Rofrano – from studying the catalogue of Austrian nobility to prepare for her marriage. She even knows his nickname, Quinquin, which only intimate friends (including the Marschallin) call him. She adds that she likes him very much. Ochs then enters with Faninal ("Jetzt aber kommt mein Herr Zukünftiger") and wastes no time revealing his character to the bride, loudly examining Sophie's body and comparing her to "an unbroken filly" when she protests. Once he leaves the room with Faninal to finalize the marriage contract, Sophie and Octavian quickly agree that she will not marry the Baron under any circumstances. </p><p>The young lovers' rapturous duet ("Mit Ihren Augen voll Tränen") is soon interrupted by Valzacchi and Annina, who surprise them and call for Ochs. Octavian challenges the Baron to a duel. Ochs runs forward, scratches his arm on the point of Octavian's drawn sword, and screams so that Faninal and the rest of the household come rushing in. Sophie begs her father to call off the wedding, to no avail: Octavian is asked to leave, and Sophie is sent to her room. Ochs is left on the divan, his arm in a sling, nursing a bottle of <a href="/wiki/Hippocras" title="Hippocras">Hippocras</a> and fantasies of revenge against Octavian. But Annina brings him something that raises his spirits much more quickly: a letter signed by "Mariandel", asking for a tryst. At this, Ochs forgets his sling and waltzes across the stage, ignoring Annina's hints for a tip – and missing her quiet promise to get even ("Da lieg' ich!"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_3">Act 3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_Rosenkavalier&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Act 3"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delia_Reinhardt_a._Octavian_i._Rosenkavaher.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Delia_Reinhardt_a._Octavian_i._Rosenkavaher.jpg/170px-Delia_Reinhardt_a._Octavian_i._Rosenkavaher.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Delia_Reinhardt_a._Octavian_i._Rosenkavaher.jpg/255px-Delia_Reinhardt_a._Octavian_i._Rosenkavaher.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Delia_Reinhardt_a._Octavian_i._Rosenkavaher.jpg/340px-Delia_Reinhardt_a._Octavian_i._Rosenkavaher.jpg 2x" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Delia_Reinhardt_(soprano)" title="Delia Reinhardt (soprano)">Delia Reinhardt</a> as Octavian c. 1923</figcaption></figure> <p><i>A private room in a shabby inn</i> </p><p>Fed up with the Baron, Valzacchi and Annina help Octavian prepare a trap the next evening. Elaborate preparations are seen in pantomime before Ochs arrives with "Mariandel", ready for a cozy dinner at a table set for two. </p><p>Ochs is disturbed by "Mariandel's" uncanny resemblance to his nemesis Octavian, and keeps catching glimpses of strange apparitions in the room. A disguised Annina bursts in, calling Ochs her husband and the father of her (numerous) children, who crowd around him, crying, "Papa! Papa!" The Baron calls for the police; to his unpleasant surprise, the vice squad treats <i>him</i> with suspicion, and Valzacchi claims not to know him. The police inspector asks about the "woman" accompanying him, and Ochs lies that "she" is his fiancée, Sophie Faninal – just in time for Herr von Faninal to arrive, demanding to know why Ochs's messenger (presumably Valzacchi) has summoned him to this disreputable place. When asked if "Mariandel" is his daughter, Faninal retorts in a rage that his daughter is outside. Sophie enters, confirming this assertion, and her apoplectic father staggers out, leaning on her shoulder. </p><p>"Mariandel" now offers to make a statement in private, and retires behind a screen with the Police Inspector. Soon Ochs sees articles of women's clothing coming into view. He rages against the vice squad, but is interrupted by the Marschallin's arrival. The Police Inspector greets her before clearing the room, and she explains to the Baron that he has been fooled. Sophie returns and tells Ochs that their engagement is off; Octavian emerges, and the Marschallin confirms that Octavian, Valzacchi, Annina, and others set up a "masquerade" to break his engagement. Ochs, glancing back and forth between Octavian and the Marschallin, now grasps the nature of their relationship and implies that he may tell the Marschallin's husband of it, but he is cowed by the Marschallin's force of will (if not the sight of Octavian's sword) and ingloriously departs, pursued by children and bill collectors. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salzburger_Festspiele_2014_%E2%80%93_Der_Rosenkavalier_Foto_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Salzburger_Festspiele_2014_%E2%80%93_Der_Rosenkavalier_Foto_2.jpg/300px-Salzburger_Festspiele_2014_%E2%80%93_Der_Rosenkavalier_Foto_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Salzburger_Festspiele_2014_%E2%80%93_Der_Rosenkavalier_Foto_2.jpg/450px-Salzburger_Festspiele_2014_%E2%80%93_Der_Rosenkavalier_Foto_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Salzburger_Festspiele_2014_%E2%80%93_Der_Rosenkavalier_Foto_2.jpg/600px-Salzburger_Festspiele_2014_%E2%80%93_Der_Rosenkavalier_Foto_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Farewell of Marschallin in act 3, with <a href="/wiki/Mojca_Erdmann" title="Mojca Erdmann">Mojca Erdmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Koch" title="Sophie Koch">Sophie Koch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krassimira_Stoyanova" title="Krassimira Stoyanova">Krassimira Stoyanova</a> (from left to right), <a href="/wiki/Salzburg_Festival" title="Salzburg Festival">Salzburg Festival</a> 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>The Marschallin, Sophie, and Octavian are left alone, and Octavian does not know what to do. The Marschallin introduces herself to Sophie, recognizing that the day she feared has come (Trio: "Marie Theres'!" / "Hab' mir's gelobt"), and releases Octavian to be with the woman he loves. She then withdraws, with a promise to Sophie that she will offer Faninal a face-saving ride home in her carriage. As soon as she is gone, Sophie and Octavian run to each other. Faninal and the Marschallin return to find them locked in an embrace. With a last, bittersweet look toward her lost lover, the Marschallin heads for the carriage with Faninal. Sophie and Octavian follow after another brief but ecstatic love duet ("Ist ein Traum" / "Spür' nur dich"). The opera ends with Mohammed trotting in to retrieve Sophie's dropped handkerchief, then racing out again after the others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instrumentation">Instrumentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_Rosenkavalier&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Instrumentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Strauss's score is <a href="/wiki/Instrumentation_(music)" title="Instrumentation (music)">written for</a> the following:<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woodwind" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodwind">Woodwind</a>: 3 <a href="/wiki/Western_concert_flute" title="Western concert flute">flutes</a> (III doubling on <a href="/wiki/Piccolo" title="Piccolo">piccolo</a>), 2 <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboes</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_horn" class="mw-redirect" title="English horn">English horn</a> (also doubling on 3rd oboe), 3 <a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">clarinets</a> (III also clarinet in D & E flat), <a href="/wiki/Basset_horn" title="Basset horn">basset horn</a> (doubles <a href="/wiki/Bass_clarinet" title="Bass clarinet">bass clarinet</a> in B flat and A), 3 <a href="/wiki/Bassoon" title="Bassoon">bassoons</a> (III also <a href="/wiki/Contrabassoon" title="Contrabassoon">contrabassoon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">Brass</a>: 4 <a href="/wiki/French_horn" title="French horn">French horns</a>, 3 <a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpets</a>, 3 <a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">trombones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bass_tuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass tuba">bass tuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percussion" class="mw-redirect" title="Percussion">Percussion</a>: <a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">timpani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">bass drum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cymbal" title="Cymbal">cymbals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triangle" title="Triangle">triangle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tambourine" title="Tambourine">tambourine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glockenspiel" title="Glockenspiel">glockenspiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ratchet_(instrument)" title="Ratchet (instrument)">ratchet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenor_drum" title="Tenor drum">tenor drum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snare_drum" title="Snare drum">snare drum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jingle_bell" title="Jingle bell">jingle bells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castanets" title="Castanets">castanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">Celesta</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">harps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_section" title="String section">Strings</a>: 16 <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violins</a> I, 16 violins II, 12 <a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">violas</a>, 10 <a href="/wiki/Cello" title="Cello">cellos</a>, 8 <a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double basses</a></li> <li>Off-stage: 2 flutes, oboe, 3 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 <a href="/wiki/French_horn" title="French horn">French horns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drum" title="Drum">drum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pump_organ" title="Pump organ">harmonium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a>, <a href="/wiki/String_orchestra" title="String orchestra">strings</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rosenkavalier_Suite"><i>Rosenkavalier</i> Suite</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_Rosenkavalier&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rosenkavalier Suite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1945 Strauss allowed an orchestral <i>Rosenkavalier</i> Suite to be published, but apparently was not involved in creating it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDel_Mar200019_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Mar200019-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is likely that conductor <a href="/wiki/Artur_Rodzi%C5%84ski" title="Artur Rodziński">Artur Rodziński</a> arranged it, as he conducted the suite's first performance, in October 1944 by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic" title="New York Philharmonic">New York Philharmonic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rodziński recorded the suite with the Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra of London on Westminster Hi-Fi, XWN 18680 in 1958.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The suite begins with the opera's orchestral prelude, depicting the Marschallin's and Octavian's night of passion (vividly portrayed by whooping horns). Next comes the appearance of Octavian as the "Rosenkavalier", depicted in tender music; the sight of him looking so young makes the Marschallin realise that he will soon leave her for a younger woman. There follows the duet between Octavian and Sophie (oboe and <a href="/wiki/French_horn" title="French horn">horn</a>) – in which their love for each other becomes ever more obvious, but this is abruptly interrupted by the discordant music associated with Ochs's clumsy arrival. Next the violins tentatively introduce the first waltz, followed by another given out by the solo violin, before the whole orchestra settles into waltz mode. A general pause and a violin solo leads into the nostalgic music where the Marschallin sadly realises she has lost Octavian. Then comes its ecstatic climax. The work closes with a singularly robust waltz, depicting Ochs at his most pompous, and a boisterous coda newly composed for the suite.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_Rosenkavalier&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hugo_von_Hofmannsthal" title="Hugo von Hofmannsthal">Hofmannsthal</a>'s libretto uses various forms of the German language. Members of the nobility speak in a refined and courteous mode, appropriate to the opera's 1740s setting. In more intimate circles they use a more familiar style of speech (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/T%E2%80%93V_distinction#German" title="T–V distinction">du</a></i></span>). For instance, the conversations between Octavian and the Marschallin in the first act use the familiar "you" but switch back and forth between more formal speech (<i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sie" class="extiw" title="wikt:Sie">Sie</a></i>) and the familiar <i><a href="/wiki/Du_(personal_pronoun)#German" class="mw-redirect" title="Du (personal pronoun)">du</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Jefferson_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jefferson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the intermediate (and now obsolete) <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Er#Pronoun" class="extiw" title="wikt:Er">Er</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some productions include a glossary in the programme to help clarify the contextual meaning of the language used, which is mostly lost in translation. Ochs makes clumsy, mannered attempts at refined or flamboyant language, using non-German words and phrases such as <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">corpo di Bacco!</i></span> ("by <a href="/wiki/Bacchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacchus">Bacchus</a>'s body!" in Italian), some of which he mispronounces. The language used by Octavian as Mariandel, and by other non-noble characters, is an Austrian dialect whose connotations are difficult for non-native speakers to grasp. The German used by the Italians, Valzacchi and Annina, is also very broken and marked by Italian accentuations.<sup id="cite_ref-Jefferson_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jefferson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strauss and Hofmannsthal used dialects to depict the social status of a role in a similar way in their next opera, <i>Ariadne auf Naxos</i>. </p><p>In English translations, these dialects have been accounted for with varying degrees of rigor; the Chandos Highlights version, for example, uses only standard British English.<sup id="cite_ref-Jefferson_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jefferson-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grainger's_Ramble"><span id="Grainger.27s_Ramble"></span>Grainger's <i>Ramble</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_Rosenkavalier&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Grainger's Ramble"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Percy_Grainger" title="Percy Grainger">Percy Grainger</a> wrote an elaborate and complex piano transcription of a theme from <i>Der Rosenkavalier</i>. The <i>Ramble on the Last Love Duet in Der Rosenkavalier</i> is one of his more complex piano transcriptions, with many sumptuous ornamentations and harmonic twists and turns.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recordings">Recordings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_Rosenkavalier&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Recordings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier_discography" title="Der Rosenkavalier discography">Der Rosenkavalier discography</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_Rosenkavalier&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrauss1912-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrauss1912_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrauss1912">Strauss 1912</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy2001">Kennedy 2001</a>, p. 892; <a href="#CITEREFMurray1992">Murray 1992</a>, p. 43. Hofmannsthal's friend <a href="/wiki/Harry_Graf_Kessler" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Graf Kessler">Count Harry Kessler</a> helped in creating the plot, a conclusion based on entries in Kessler's diaries (<a href="#CITEREFKennedy1999">Kennedy 1999</a>, p. 163). <a href="#CITEREFKennedy2001">Kennedy 2001</a>, p. 892, mentions Kessler's role but only credits Hofmannsthal for the libretto.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray199243–44-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurray199243–44_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMurray1992">Murray 1992</a>, pp. 43–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedy2001">Kennedy 2001</a>, p. 892. The producer in Dresden was considered inadequate and Strauss sent Reinhardt to supervise and carry out his ideas, although Reinhardt did not receive any credit in the programme.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMay2007" class="citation web cs1">May, Thomas (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090511224737/http://www.sanfranciscoopera.org/opera.asp?o=247&i=115">"Looking Backward and Beyond"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Opera" title="San Francisco Opera">San Francisco Opera</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanfranciscoopera.org/opera.asp?o=247&i=115">the original</a> on 11 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Looking+Backward+and+Beyond&rft.pub=San+Francisco+Opera&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanfranciscoopera.org%2Fopera.asp%3Fo%3D247%26i%3D115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADer+Rosenkavalier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jefferson-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jefferson_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jefferson_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jefferson_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jefferson_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jefferson_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJefferson1985">Jefferson 1985</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2017)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Operabase-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Operabase_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905080732/http://operabase.com/top.cgi?lang=en">"Opera statistics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Operabase" title="Operabase">Operabase</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://operabase.com/top.cgi?lang=en">the original</a> on 5 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opera+statistics&rft.pub=Operabase&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foperabase.com%2Ftop.cgi%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADer+Rosenkavalier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilhelm-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilhelm_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilhelm_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilhelm_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilhelm1989" class="citation book cs1">Wilhelm, Kurt (1989). <i>Richard Strauss: An Intimate Portrait</i>. Translated by Mary Whittall. Thames & Hudson. pp. <span class="nowrap">120–</span>124.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Strauss%3A+An+Intimate+Portrait&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E120-%3C%2Fspan%3E124&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Wilhelm&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADer+Rosenkavalier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2016" class="citation book cs1">Reynolds, Michael (2016). <i>Creating Der Rosenkavalier: From Chevalier to Cavalier</i>. Boydell Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creating+Der+Rosenkavalier%3A+From+Chevalier+to+Cavalier&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADer+Rosenkavalier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray1992-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurray1992_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMurray1992">Murray 1992</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeßler2022" class="citation web cs1">Weßler, Kai (2022-03-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.semperoper.de/unser-haus/semperoper/geschichte-der-semperoper/semper-geschichte-toller.html">"Wer war der Regisseur des »Rosenkavalier«?"</a>. Semperoper Dresden<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wer+war+der+Regisseur+des+%C2%BBRosenkavalier%C2%AB%3F&rft.pub=Semperoper+Dresden&rft.date=2022-03-24&rft.aulast=We%C3%9Fler&rft.aufirst=Kai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.semperoper.de%2Funser-haus%2Fsemperoper%2Fgeschichte-der-semperoper%2Fsemper-geschichte-toller.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADer+Rosenkavalier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grove-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grove_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grove_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMurray1992">Murray 1992</a>, p. 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NFP-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NFP_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NFP_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=nfp&datum=19110409&seite=16">"Die Premiere des <i>Rosenkavalier</i> in der Hofoper"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Neue_Freie_Presse" title="Neue Freie Presse">Neue Freie Presse</a></i>, 9 April 1911, p. 16 (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-amadeus-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-amadeus_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amadeus_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amadeus_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amadeus_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amadeus_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Casaglia, Gherardo (2005).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://almanac-gherardo-casaglia.com/index.php?Testo=Der_Rosenkavalier&Parola=Stringa"> "Performance History of Der Rosenkavalier"</a>. L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Donal_Henahan" title="Donal Henahan">Donal Henahan</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1969/01/24/archives/mets-new-rosenkavalier-kindles-memories.html">Met's New <i>Rosenkavalier</i></a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, 24 January 1969. (Retrieved 24 September 2010)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17207926?searchTerm=Der+Rosenkavalier">"Amusements – <i>Der Rosenkavalier</i>"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i> (7 January 1936)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/sir-edward-downes-conductor-celebrated-as-one-of-the-finest-verdi-interpreters-of-his-generation-1748048.html">"Sir Edward Downes: Conductor celebrated as one of the finest Verdi interpreters of his generation"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Forbes_(musicologist)" title="Elizabeth Forbes (musicologist)">Elizabeth Forbes</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i> (London), 16 July 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>, 2 Mar 2002, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Rudman" title="Brian Rudman">Brian Rudman</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. Article title? Page? Even a URL? (January 2022)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boosey.com/shop/work-info/Strauss-Rosenkavalier-Suite-op-59/6042">Work details</a> at <a href="/wiki/Boosey_%26_Hawkes" title="Boosey & Hawkes">Boosey & Hawkes</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.schott-music.com/shop/der-rosenkavalier-no230.html">work details</a> at <a href="/wiki/Schott_Music" title="Schott Music">Schott Music</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Kennedy2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kennedy_(music_critic)" title="Michael Kennedy (music critic)">Michael Kennedy</a> (2011) [1980]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-oRjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28">"Comedy for Music – Act Three"</a>. <i>Der Rosenkavalier Study Guide</i>. London: Overture. p. 28, note 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780714544953" title="Special:BookSources/9780714544953"><bdi>9780714544953</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Comedy+for+Music+%E2%80%93+Act+Three&rft.btitle=Der+Rosenkavalier+Study+Guide&rft.place=London&rft.pages=28%2C+note+9&rft.pub=Overture&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780714544953&rft.au=Michael+Kennedy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-oRjDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADer+Rosenkavalier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDel_Mar200019-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDel_Mar200019_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDel_Mar2000">Del Mar 2000</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laphil.com/philpedia/music/rosenkavalier-suite-richard-strauss">"About the Piece: <i>Rosenkavalier Suite</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714130645/http://www.laphil.com/philpedia/music/rosenkavalier-suite-richard-strauss">Archived</a> 2014-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, programme note on laphil.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Don Anderson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tso.ca/en-ca/Plan-Your-Experience/Programme-Notes/Suite-from-Der-Rosenkavalier.aspx?ID=4807&pID=4438">Programme Notes: "R. Strauss: Suite from <i>Der Rosenkavalier</i>"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714131721/http://www.tso.ca/en-ca/Plan-Your-Experience/Programme-Notes/Suite-from-Der-Rosenkavalier.aspx?ID=4807&pID=4438">Archived</a> 2014-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2014, on <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Toronto Symphony Orchestra">Toronto Symphony Orchestra</a>'s website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, "Beklagt Er sich über das, Qinquin?" in "Wie Du warst!" on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/variations/scores/bhq8846/large/sco10010.gif">page 10</a> of the piano-vocal score referred to below.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Sources</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDel_Mar2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Del_Mar" title="Norman Del Mar">Del Mar, Norman</a> (2000). <i>Richard Strauss: A Critical Commentary on His Life and Works</i>. Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-9318-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-9318-8"><bdi>978-0-8014-9318-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Strauss%3A+A+Critical+Commentary+on+His+Life+and+Works&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-9318-8&rft.aulast=Del+Mar&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADer+Rosenkavalier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJefferson1985" class="citation book cs1">Jefferson, Alan (1985). <i>Richard Strauss: Der Rosenkavalier</i>. Cambridge Opera Handbooks. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/CUP_Archive" class="mw-redirect" title="CUP Archive">CUP Archive</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-27811-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-27811-2"><bdi>0-521-27811-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Strauss%3A+Der+Rosenkavalier&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=Cambridge+Opera+Handbooks&rft.pub=CUP+Archive&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-521-27811-2&rft.aulast=Jefferson&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADer+Rosenkavalier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kennedy_(music_critic)" title="Michael Kennedy (music critic)">Kennedy, Michael</a> (1999). <i>Richard Strauss: Man, Musician, Enigma</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521581738" title="Special:BookSources/9780521581738"><bdi>9780521581738</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+Strauss%3A+Man%2C+Musician%2C+Enigma&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780521581738&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADer+Rosenkavalier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2001" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, Michael (2001). "Richard Strauss". In <a href="/wiki/Amanda_Holden_(writer)" title="Amanda Holden (writer)">Amanda Holden</a> (ed.). <i>The New Penguin Opera Guide</i>. New York and London: Penguin Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">886–</span>905. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-029312-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-029312-4"><bdi>0-14-029312-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Richard+Strauss&rft.btitle=The+New+Penguin+Opera+Guide&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E886-%3C%2Fspan%3E905&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-14-029312-4&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADer+Rosenkavalier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray1992" class="citation book cs1">Murray, David (1992). "<i>Rosenkavalier, Der</i>". In <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Stanley Sadie</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Opera" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Opera">The New Grove Dictionary of Opera</a></i>. Vol. 4. London: Macmillan. pp. <span class="nowrap">43–</span>47. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.o004998">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.o004998</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-73432-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-73432-7"><bdi>0-333-73432-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rosenkavalier%2C+Der&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Opera&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E43-%3C%2Fspan%3E47&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.o004998&rft.isbn=0-333-73432-7&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADer+Rosenkavalier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrauss1912" class="citation book cs1">Strauss, Richard (1912). <i>Der Rosenkavalier (The Rose-Bearer), Comedy for Music in three Acts by Hugo von Hofmannsthal, English version by Alfred Kalisch</i> (vocal score in English and German). London: Boosey & Hawkes. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/42239315">42239315</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Der+Rosenkavalier+%28The+Rose-Bearer%29%2C+Comedy+for+Music+in+three+Acts+by+Hugo+von+Hofmannsthal%2C+English+version+by+Alfred+Kalisch&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Boosey+%26+Hawkes&rft.date=1912&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F42239315&rft.aulast=Strauss&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADer+Rosenkavalier" class="Z3988"></span> See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imslp.org/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier,_Op.59_(Strauss,_Richard)#117568">file #117568</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMSLP" class="mw-redirect" title="IMSLP">IMSLP</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_Rosenkavalier&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Boyden, Matthew (1999). <i>Richard Strauss</i>. Boston: Northeastern University. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55553-418-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-55553-418-X">1-55553-418-X</a></li> <li>Reynolds, Michael. <i>Creating 'Der Rosenkavalier': From Chevalier to Cavalier.</i> The Boydell Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78327-049-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78327-049-1">978-1-78327-049-1</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_Rosenkavalier&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Der_Rosenkavalier" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Der Rosenkavalier">Der Rosenkavalier</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier,_Op.59_(Strauss,_Richard)" class="extiw" title="scores:Der Rosenkavalier, Op.59 (Strauss, Richard)"><i>Der Rosenkavalier</i></a>: Scores at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/variations/scores/bhq8846/large/">Piano-vocal score</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_School_of_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiana University School of Music">Indiana University School of Music</a></li> <li>Libretto (German): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opera-guide.ch/operas/der+rosenkavalier/libretto/de/">opera-guide.ch</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opera-arias.com/strauss-r/der-rosenkavalier/libretto/">opera-arias.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metopera.org/discover/synopses/der-rosenkavalier/"><i>Der Rosenvavalier</i> synopsis</a> from the "<a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_Live_in_HD" title="Metropolitan Opera Live in HD">Metropolitan Opera Live in HD</a>" website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110709204326/http://voxnovamedia.com/lehmann/llf/sound/218.mp3">Recording of "Da geht er hin"</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lotte_Lehmann" title="Lotte Lehmann">Lotte Lehmann</a> in MP3 format</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fleqYWoPM5M"><span class="plainlinks">Marie Theres'! ... 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Richard_Strauss" title="Template talk:Richard Strauss"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Richard_Strauss" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Richard Strauss"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Richard_Strauss508" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_operas_by_Richard_Strauss" title="List of operas by Richard Strauss">List of operas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Richard_Strauss" title="List of compositions by Richard Strauss">List of compositions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Guntram_(opera)" title="Guntram (opera)">Guntram</a></i></span> (1894)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Feuersnot" title="Feuersnot">Feuersnot</a></i></span> (1901)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salome_(opera)" title="Salome (opera)">Salome</a></i> (1905) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Salome_discography" title="Salome discography"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/10px-CD_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/15px-CD_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/20px-CD_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Elektra_(opera)" title="Elektra (opera)">Elektra</a></i></span> (1909) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Elektra_discography" title="Elektra discography"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/10px-CD_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/15px-CD_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/20px-CD_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Der Rosenkavalier</a></i></span> (1911) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier_discography" title="Der Rosenkavalier discography"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/10px-CD_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/15px-CD_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/20px-CD_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Ariadne_auf_Naxos" title="Ariadne auf Naxos">Ariadne auf Naxos</a></i></span> (1912/16) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ariadne_auf_Naxos_discography" title="Ariadne auf Naxos discography"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/10px-CD_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/15px-CD_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/20px-CD_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Die_Frau_ohne_Schatten" title="Die Frau ohne Schatten">Die Frau ohne Schatten</a></i></span> (1919) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Die_Frau_ohne_Schatten_discography" title="Die Frau ohne Schatten discography"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/10px-CD_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/15px-CD_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/20px-CD_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Intermezzo_(opera)" title="Intermezzo (opera)">Intermezzo</a></i> (1924)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Die_%C3%A4gyptische_Helena" title="Die ägyptische Helena">Die ägyptische Helena</a></i></span> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arabella" title="Arabella">Arabella</a></i> (1933) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arabella_discography" title="Arabella discography"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/10px-CD_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/15px-CD_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/20px-CD_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Die_schweigsame_Frau" title="Die schweigsame Frau">Die schweigsame Frau</a></i></span> (1935)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Friedenstag" title="Friedenstag">Friedenstag</a></i></span> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daphne_(opera)" title="Daphne (opera)">Daphne</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Die_Liebe_der_Danae" title="Die Liebe der Danae">Die Liebe der Danae</a></i></span> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capriccio_(opera)" title="Capriccio (opera)">Capriccio</a></i> (1942) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Capriccio_discography" title="Capriccio discography"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/10px-CD_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/15px-CD_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/20px-CD_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Josephslegende" title="Josephslegende">Josephslegende</a></i></span> (1914)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Schlagobers" title="Schlagobers">Schlagobers</a></i></span> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divertimento_for_chamber_orchestra_after_keyboard_pieces_by_Couperin" class="mw-redirect" title="Divertimento for chamber orchestra after keyboard pieces by Couperin"><i>Verklungene Feste</i></a> (1940)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_(Strauss)" title="Symphony No. 1 (Strauss)">Symphony No. 1</a> (1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_(Strauss)" title="Violin Concerto (Strauss)">Violin Concerto</a> (1881–82)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_Concerto_No._1_(Strauss)" title="Horn Concerto No. 1 (Strauss)">Horn Concerto No. 1</a> (1882–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._2_(Strauss)" title="Symphony No. 2 (Strauss)">Symphony No. 2</a> (1883–84)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Burleske" title="Burleske">Burleske</a></i></span> (1885–86)</li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Le_bourgeois_gentilhomme_(Strauss)" title="Le bourgeois gentilhomme (Strauss)">Le bourgeois gentilhomme</a></i></span> (1911–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_suite_from_keyboard_pieces_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_Couperin" class="mw-redirect" title="Dance suite from keyboard pieces by François Couperin">Dance suite from keyboard pieces by François Couperin</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiener_Philharmoniker_Fanfare" title="Wiener Philharmoniker Fanfare">Wiener Philharmoniker Fanfare</a> (1924)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Olympische_Hymne" title="Olympische Hymne">Olympische Hymne</a></i></span> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Festival_Music" title="Japanese Festival Music">Japanese Festival Music</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divertimento_for_chamber_orchestra_after_keyboard_pieces_by_Couperin" class="mw-redirect" title="Divertimento for chamber orchestra after keyboard pieces by Couperin">Divertimento for chamber orchestra after keyboard pieces by Couperin</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_Concerto_No._2_(Strauss)" title="Horn Concerto No. 2 (Strauss)">Horn Concerto No. 2</a> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphosen" title="Metamorphosen">Metamorphosen</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oboe_Concerto_(Strauss)" title="Oboe Concerto (Strauss)">Oboe Concerto</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duet_concertino_for_clarinet_and_bassoon" title="Duet concertino for clarinet and bassoon">Duet concertino for clarinet and bassoon</a> (1947)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tone_poems_(Strauss)" title="Tone poems (Strauss)">Tone poems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aus_Italien" title="Aus Italien">Aus Italien</a></i> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macbeth_(Strauss)" title="Macbeth (Strauss)">Macbeth</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_(Strauss)" title="Don Juan (Strauss)">Don Juan</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_and_Transfiguration" title="Death and Transfiguration">Death and Transfiguration</a></i> (1889)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Till_Eulenspiegel%27s_Merry_Pranks" title="Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks">Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks</a></i> (1895)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Also_sprach_Zarathustra" title="Also sprach Zarathustra">Also sprach Zarathustra</a></i></span> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(Strauss)" title="Don Quixote (Strauss)">Don Quixote</a></i> (1897)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Ein_Heldenleben" title="Ein Heldenleben">Ein Heldenleben</a></i></span> (1898)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Symphonia_Domestica" title="Symphonia Domestica">Symphonia Domestica</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Alpine_Symphony" title="An Alpine Symphony">An Alpine Symphony</a></i> (1911–15)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chamber music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_B_minor_(Strauss)" title="Piano Sonata in B minor (Strauss)">Piano Sonata</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cello_Sonata_(Strauss)" title="Cello Sonata (Strauss)">Cello Sonata in F major</a> (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Quartet_(Strauss)" title="Piano Quartet (Strauss)">Piano Quartet</a> (1884–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin_Sonata_(Strauss)" title="Violin Sonata (Strauss)">Violin Sonata</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Arden_(Strauss)" title="Enoch Arden (Strauss)"><i>Enoch Arden</i></a> (1897)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lied" title="Lied">Lieder</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zueignung" title="Zueignung">Zueignung</a></span></span>" (1885)</li> <li>"<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Die_Nacht_(Strauss)" title="Die Nacht (Strauss)">Die Nacht</a></span></span>" (1885)</li> <li>"<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Allerseelen_(Strauss)" title="Allerseelen (Strauss)">Allerseelen</a></span></span>" (1885)</li> <li>"<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Winternacht" title="Winternacht">Winternacht</a></span></span>" (1886)</li> <li>"<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A4ndchen_(Strauss)" title="Ständchen (Strauss)">Ständchen</a></span></span>" (1886)</li> <li>"<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ruhe,_meine_Seele!" title="Ruhe, meine Seele!">Ruhe, meine Seele!</a></span></span>" (1894)</li> <li>"<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A4cilie_(Strauss)" title="Cäcilie (Strauss)">Cäcilie</a></span></span>" (1894)</li> <li>"<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Heimliche_Aufforderung" title="Heimliche Aufforderung">Heimliche Aufforderung</a></span></span>" (1894)</li> <li>"<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Morgen!" title="Morgen!">Morgen!</a></span></span>" (1894)</li> <li>"<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traum_durch_die_D%C3%A4mmerung" title="Traum durch die Dämmerung">Traum durch die Dämmerung</a></span></span>" (1895)</li> <li>"<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sehnsucht_(Strauss)" title="Sehnsucht (Strauss)">Sehnsucht</a></span></span>" (1896)</li> <li>"<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Der_Arbeitsmann" title="Der Arbeitsmann">Der Arbeitsmann</a></span></span>" (1898)</li> <li>"<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Befreit" title="Befreit">Befreit</a></span></span>" (1898)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Notturno_(Strauss)" title="Notturno (Strauss)">Notturno</a>" (1899)</li> <li>"<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Des_Dichters_Abendgang" title="Des Dichters Abendgang">Des Dichters Abendgang</a></span></span>" (1900)</li> <li>"<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Freundliche_Vision" title="Freundliche Vision">Freundliche Vision</a></span></span>" (1900)</li> <li>"<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%BChlingsfeier" title="Frühlingsfeier">Frühlingsfeier</a></span></span>" (1906)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sechs_Lieder,_Op._68_(Strauss)" title="Sechs Lieder, Op. 68 (Strauss)">Brentano Lieder</a></i></span> (1918)</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Der_Kr%C3%A4merspiegel" title="Der Krämerspiegel">Der Krämerspiegel</a></span></span> (1918)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Four_Last_Songs" title="Four Last Songs">Four Last Songs</a></i> (1948) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Four_Last_Songs_discography" title="Four Last Songs discography"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/10px-CD_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/15px-CD_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CD_icon.svg/20px-CD_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Choral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wandrers_Sturmlied" title="Wandrers Sturmlied">Wandrers Sturmlied</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Utan_svafvel_och_fosfor" title="Utan svafvel och fosfor">Utan svafvel och fosfor</a></i> (1889)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taillefer_(Strauss)" title="Taillefer (Strauss)">Taillefer</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Tageszeiten" title="Die Tageszeiten">Die Tageszeiten</a></i> (1928)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier_(1926_film)" title="Der Rosenkavalier (1926 film)"><i>Der Rosenkavalier</i> (1926 film)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family and peers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Strauss" title="Franz Strauss">Franz Strauss</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_de_Ahna" title="Pauline de Ahna">Pauline de Ahna</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_B%C3%BClow" title="Hans von Bülow">Hans von Bülow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_von_Hofmannsthal" title="Hugo von Hofmannsthal">Hugo von Hofmannsthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Reinhardt" title="Max Reinhardt">Max Reinhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Zweig" title="Stefan Zweig">Stefan Zweig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gregor" title="Joseph Gregor">Joseph Gregor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elektra_chord" title="Elektra chord">Elektra chord</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Treatise_on_Instrumentation" title="Treatise on Instrumentation">Treatise on Instrumentation</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism_(music)" title="Neoclassicism (music)">Neoclassicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Richard_Strauss" title="Category:Richard Strauss">Category</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Loudspeaker.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="sound icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/16px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/24px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/32px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Audio_files_of_music_by_Richard_Strauss" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Audio files of music by Richard Strauss">Audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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