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Portal</span></a></li><li id="n-pump-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Village_Pump"><span>Discussions</span></a></li><li id="n-templates-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikispecies:Templates"><span>Templates</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Load a random page [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random page</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="The place to find out"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-charter-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikispecies:Charter"><span>Charter</span></a></li><li id="n-rfc-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Requests_for_Comment"><span>Requests for Comment</span></a></li><li id="n-coverage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikispecies"><span>Meta-Wiki</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-lang" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%90%D1%86%D1%85%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%99_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Авикипедиа:Ацхыраагӡатә жәар – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Авикипедиа:Ацхыраагӡатә жәар" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfe:Glossar" title="Hilfe:Glossar – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hilfe:Glossar" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ويكيبيديا:مصطلحات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويكيبيديا:مصطلحات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7" title="ৱিকিপিডিয়া:অৰ্থকোষ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৱিকিপিডিয়া:অৰ্থকোষ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Википедия:Глоссарий – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Википедия:Глоссарий" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipediya:Terminl%C9%99r" title="Vikipediya:Terminlər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vikipediya:Terminlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%B3%D8%A4%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ویکی‌پدیا:سؤزلوک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:سؤزلوک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Вікіпедыя:Тэрміналогія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вікіпедыя:Тэрміналогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Уикипедия:Речник – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уикипедия:Речник" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipidia:Kamus" title="Wikipidia:Kamus – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Wikipidia:Kamus" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:Glossari" title="Ajuda:Glossari – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ajuda:Glossari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Википеди:Глоссари – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Википеди:Глоссари" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ویکیپیدیا:وشەکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویکیپیدیا:وشەکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedie:Slovn%C3%AD%C4%8Dek" title="Wikipedie:Slovníček – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wikipedie:Slovníček" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki:Terminologij%C3%B4" title="Wiki:Terminologijô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Wiki:Terminologijô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wicipedia:Geirfa" title="Wicipedia:Geirfa – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Wicipedia:Geirfa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hj%C3%A6lp:Ordliste" title="Hjælp:Ordliste – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hjælp:Ordliste" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfe:Glossar" title="Hilfe:Glossar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hilfe:Glossar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary" title="Wikipedia:Glossary – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wikipedia:Glossary" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helpo:Vikipedia_terminaro" title="Helpo:Vikipedia terminaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Helpo:Vikipedia terminaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayuda:Glosario" title="Ayuda:Glosario – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ayuda:Glosario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipeedia:Vikipeedia_m%C3%B5isteid" title="Vikipeedia:Vikipeedia mõisteid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vikipeedia:Vikipeedia mõisteid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguntza:Glosategia" title="Laguntza:Glosategia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Laguntza:Glosategia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%98%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87" title="ویکی‌پدیا:واژه‌نامه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویکی‌پدیا:واژه‌نامه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sanasto" title="Wikipedia:Sanasto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wikipedia:Sanasto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Or%C3%B0alisti" title="Wikipedia:Orðalisti – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Wikipedia:Orðalisti" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Jargon_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia" title="Aide:Jargon de Wikipédia – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aide:Jargon de Wikipédia" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Glosario" title="Wikipedia:Glosario – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Wikipedia:Glosario" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ויקיפדיה:מונחים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויקיפדיה:מונחים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="विकिपीडिया:शब्दावली – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विकिपीडिया:शब्दावली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Rje%C4%8Dnik" title="Wikipedija:Rječnik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Wikipedija:Rječnik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Skr%C3%B3t%C5%A1enja" title="Wikipedija:Skrótšenja – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wikipedija:Skrótšenja" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Wikifogalmak_jegyz%C3%A9ke" title="Wikipédia:Wikifogalmak jegyzéke – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wikipédia:Wikifogalmak jegyzéke" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1:%D4%B3%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Վիքիպեդիա:Գլոսարիում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիքիպեդիա:Գլոսարիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kamus" title="Wikipedia:Kamus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wikipedia:Kamus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Википеди:Терминаш – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Википеди:Терминаш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Hugtakaskr%C3%A1" title="Wikipedia:Hugtakaskrá – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Wikipedia:Hugtakaskrá" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiuto:Glossario" title="Aiuto:Glossario – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aiuto:Glossario" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%9A%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E%E9%9B%86" title="Wikipedia:ウィキペディア用語集 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Wikipedia:ウィキペディア用語集" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90:%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ვიკიპედია:ტერმინების სარჩევი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიკიპედია:ტერმინების სარჩევი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallat:Amawal_n_wikipedia" title="Tallat:Amawal n wikipedia – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tallat:Amawal n wikipedia" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Уикипедия:Глоссарий – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уикипедия:Глоссарий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:Glossary" title="វិគីភីឌា:Glossary – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វិគីភីឌា:Glossary" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%9A%A9%EC%96%B4%EC%A7%91" title="위키백과:용어집 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키백과:용어집" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Википедия:Глоссарий – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Википедия:Глоссарий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Glossarium" title="Vicipaedia:Glossarium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vicipaedia:Glossarium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedya:Dictionary" title="Vikipedya:Dictionary – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Vikipedya:Dictionary" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ABllef:Jargon" title="Hëllef:Jargon – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hëllef:Jargon" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedija:%C5%BDodynas" title="Vikipedija:Žodynas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vikipedija:Žodynas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kamuih_istilah" title="Wikipedia:Kamuih istilah – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Wikipedia:Kamuih istilah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE" title="विकिपीडिया:विकिसंज्ञा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विकिपीडिया:विकिसंज्ञा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Glosari" title="Wikipedia:Glosari – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wikipedia:Glosari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Glossarju" title="Wikipedija:Glossarju – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Wikipedija:Glossarju" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aj%C3%B9to:Glossario" title="Ajùto:Glossario – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Ajùto:Glossario" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ngawua_wehede" title="Wikipedia:Ngawua wehede – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Wikipedia:Ngawua wehede" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Terminologie_op_Wikipedia" title="Help:Terminologie op Wikipedia – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Help:Terminologie op Wikipedia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Terminologi" title="Wikipedia:Terminologi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wikipedia:Terminologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:Girgon" title="Ajuda:Girgon – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ajuda:Girgon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86:Glossary" title="ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:Glossary – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ:Glossary" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Википеди:Глоссари – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Википеди:Глоссари" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ:ਸ਼ਬਦਾਵਲੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ:ਸ਼ਬਦਾਵਲੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomoc:S%C5%82owniczek" title="Pomoc:Słowniczek – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pomoc:Słowniczek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87" title="ويکيپېډيا:وييپانگه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ويکيپېډيا:وييپانگه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:Gloss%C3%A1rio" title="Ajuda:Glossário – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ajuda:Glossário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Glosar" title="Wikipedia:Glosar – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wikipedia:Glosar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Википедия:Глоссарий – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Википедия:Глоссарий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7:%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="وڪيپيڊيا:گلوسري – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وڪيپيڊيا:گلوسري" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Wiki_%C5%BEargon" title="Wikipedija:Wiki žargon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Wikipedija:Wiki žargon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="විකිපීඩියා:ගැටපද විවරණය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විකිපීඩියා:ගැටපද විවරණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary" title="Wikipedia:Glossary – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wikipedia:Glossary" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Slovar%C4%8Dek" title="Wikipedija:Slovarček – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wikipedija:Slovarček" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Википедија:Речник – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Википедија:Речник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ordlista" title="Wikipedia:Ordlista – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wikipedia:Ordlista" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Istilahi_za_wiki" title="Wikipedia:Istilahi za wiki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wikipedia:Istilahi za wiki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE:%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="விக்கிப்பீடியா:சொற்களஞ்சியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விக்கிப்பீடியா:சொற்களஞ்சியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE:%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82" title="వికీపీడియా:పదకోశం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వికీపీడియా:పదకోశం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Википедиа:Вожанома – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Википедиа:Вожанома" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C" title="วิกิพีเดีย:อภิธานศัพท์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิกิพีเดีย:อภิธานศัพท์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedi:Terimler" title="Vikipedi:Terimler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vikipedi:Terimler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Википедия:Сүзлек – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Википедия:Сүзлек" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F:%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Вікіпедія:Глосарій – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вікіпедія:Глосарій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ویکیپیڈیا:اصطلاحات و مترادفات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ویکیپیڈیا:اصطلاحات و مترادفات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipediya:Glossariy" title="Vikipediya:Glossariy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vikipediya:Glossariy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juto:Glosario" title="Juto:Glosario – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Juto:Glosario" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:T%E1%BB%AB_%C4%91i%E1%BB%83n_thu%E1%BA%ADt_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Wikipedia:Từ điển thuật ngữ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Wikipedia:Từ điển thuật ngữ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD%E8%A1%A8" title="Wikipedia:术语表 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Wikipedia:术语表" data-language-autonym="中文" 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href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/de" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Wikispecies:Glossar (93% translated)" lang="de" dir="ltr">Deutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/mh" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Wikispecies:Glossary/mh (0% translated)" lang="mh" dir="ltr">Ebon</a></li> <li><span class="mw-pt-languages-ui mw-pt-languages-selected mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--complete" lang="en" dir="ltr">English</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/simple" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Wikispecies:Glossary (3% translated)" lang="en" dir="ltr">Simple English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/tr" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Vikitür:Sözlük (58% translated)" lang="tr" dir="ltr">Türkçe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/da" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Wikispecies:Glossary/da (4% translated)" lang="da" dir="ltr">dansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/es" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Wikispecies:Glossary/es (9% translated)" lang="es" dir="ltr">español</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/fr" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Wikispecies:Glossaire (61% translated)" lang="fr" dir="ltr">français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/hu" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Wikifajok:Szótár (56% translated)" lang="hu" dir="ltr">magyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/pl" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Wikispecies:Słownik (12% translated)" lang="pl" dir="ltr">polski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/pt-br" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Wikiespécies:Glossário (50% translated)" lang="pt-BR" dir="ltr">português do Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/fi" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Wikispecies:Sanasto (25% translated)" lang="fi" dir="ltr">suomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/sv" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Wikispecies:Ordbok (3% translated)" lang="sv" dir="ltr">svenska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/cs" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Wikidruhy:Slovníček (62% translated)" lang="cs" dir="ltr">čeština</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/ru" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Викивиды:Глоссарий (8% translated)" lang="ru" dir="ltr">русский</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/uk" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Віківиди:Словник (66% translated)" lang="uk" dir="ltr">українська</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/he" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Wikispecies:Glossary/he (1% translated)" lang="he" dir="rtl">עברית</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/ar" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="ويكي أنواع:المصطلحات (4% translated)" lang="ar" dir="rtl">العربية</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/hi" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Wikispecies:Glossary/hi (1% translated)" lang="hi" dir="ltr">हिन्दी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/bn" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Wikispecies:Glossary/bn (11% translated)" lang="bn" dir="ltr">বাংলা</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/gu" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Wikispecies:Glossary/gu (3% translated)" lang="gu" dir="ltr">ગુજરાતી</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/ml" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="വിക്കിസ്പീഷീസ്:നിഘണ്ടു (42% translated)" lang="ml" dir="ltr">മലയാളം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/zh" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="维基物种:术语表 (5% translated)" lang="zh" dir="ltr">中文</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Terms_and_abbreviations" data-mw-thread-id="h-Terms_and_abbreviations"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Terms_and_abbreviations"></span>Terms and abbreviations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Terms_and_abbreviations"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terms and abbreviations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table border="0" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color: #202122;padding:5px;font-size: 95%;"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Directory</b> <a href="#A">A</a><b>·</b><a href="#B">B</a><b>·</b><a href="#C">C</a><b>·</b><a href="#D">D</a><b>·</b><a href="#E">E</a><b>·</b><a href="#F">F</a><b>·</b><a href="#G">G</a><b>·</b><a href="#H">H</a><b>·</b><a href="#I">I</a><b>·</b><a href="#J">J</a><b>·</b><a href="#K">K</a><b>·</b><a href="#L">L</a><b>·</b><a href="#M">M</a><b>·</b><a href="#N">N</a><b>·</b><a href="#O">O</a><b>·</b><a href="#P">P</a><b>·</b><a href="#Q">Q</a><b>·</b><a href="#R">R</a><b>·</b><a href="#S">S</a><b>·</b><a href="#T">T</a><b>·</b><a href="#U">U</a><b>·</b><a href="#V">V</a><b>·</b><a href="#W">W</a><b>·</b><a href="#X">X</a><b>·</b><a href="#Y">Y</a><b>·</b><a href="#Z">Z</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="!" data-mw-thread-id="h-!"><span id=".21"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-!"></span>!<span data-mw-comment-end="h-!"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: !"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>!</b>: Indicates that a specimen has been seen by the author.</li> <li><b>†</b>: Indicates that a taxon is extinct, that a (type) specimen has been destroyed, or that a publication was published posthumously.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="A" data-mw-thread-id="h-A"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-A"></span>A<span data-mw-comment-end="h-A"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: A"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span lang="la">affinis</span></b> (often abbreviated <b><span lang="la">aff.</span></b> or occasionally, <b><span lang="la">affin.</span></b>) indicates that available material or evidence suggests that the proposed taxon is related to – has an <i>affinity</i> to – but is not identical to, the taxon with the binomial name it comes after. The Latin word <i>affinis</i> can be translated as "closely related to", or "akin to".</li> <li><b>agg.</b> Aggregate species. A grouping of closely-related species that are treated like a single species for practical purposes.</li> <li><b>allotype</b> A designated <b>paratype</b> of a species (or lower-order taxon) that is the opposite sex of the <b>holotype</b>.</li> <li><b><span lang="la">auct.</span></b>; <b><span lang="la">auctt.</span></b> (Auctorum) A name used in the sense of a number of subsequent authors and not in its (different) sense as established by the original author. It is often used in conjunction with <i><span lang="la">nec</span></i> or <i><span lang="la">non</span></i> to indicate a misapplied name.</li> <li><b>autonym</b> An automatically generated infrageneric or infraspecific name.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="B" data-mw-thread-id="h-B"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-B"></span>B<span data-mw-comment-end="h-B"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: B"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>basionym</b> In botany, the first legitimate name ("base name") upon which a name at new rank or a new combination is based, providing the final epithet, name or stem of the new combination or name at new rank. Equivalent to protonym in zoology, and basonym in bacteriology.</li> <li><b>basonym</b> In bacteriology, the first name used for a taxon. Equivalent to protonym in zoology, and basionym in botany.</li> <li><b>bis</b> In author abbreviations "bis" denotes the second son of an author. Compare "f." and "filius". For example <b>Schult.f.</b> (<a href="/wiki/Julius_Hermann_Schultes_(1804%E2%80%931840)" title="Julius Hermann Schultes (1804–1840)">Julius Hermann Schultes</a>, 1804–1840) and <b>J.H.Schult.bis</b> (<a href="/wiki/Julius_Hermann_Schultes_(1820%E2%80%931887)" title="Julius Hermann Schultes (1820–1887)">Julius Hermann Schultes</a>, 1820–1887), the first and second sons of <a href="/wiki/Josef_August_Schultes" title="Josef August Schultes">Josef August Schultes</a> (1773–1831, <b>Schult.</b>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="C" data-mw-thread-id="h-C"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-C"></span>C<span data-mw-comment-end="h-C"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: C"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span lang="la">Candidatus</span></b> In bacterial nomenclature, Candidatus is a component of the taxonomic name for a bacterium that cannot be maintained in a bacteriology culture collection. It is an interim taxonomic status for yet-to-be-cultured organisms. According to the "Ad Hoc Committee for the re-evaluation of the species definition in bacteriology", microbiologists are encouraged to use the Candidatus concept for well characterised but as-yet uncultured organisms. The names included in this category are usually written as: <i>Candidatus</i> (in italics), the subsequent name(s) in Roman type (with an initial capital letter for the genus name) and the entire name in quotation marks. For example, "<i>Candidatus</i> Carsonella", and "<i>Candidatus</i> Carsonella ruddii".</li> <li><b>cf.</b> (confer). Latin for "compare", marking an uncertain identification or referring to a comparison between sources with differing taxonomic opinions.</li> <li><b>chresonym</b> Is the cited use of a taxon name, usually a species name, within a publication. There are no assumptions with respect to appropriateness or accuracy in designations cf. synonym.</li> <li><b>chresonymy</b> Is a summary of the published occurrences of any given scientific name or set of names for a taxon. May contain orthochresonyms and/or heterochresonyms.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>comb. ined.</b> (combinatio inedita)</span>. A combination that appears not to have been validly published or whose publication is uncertain under one or more articles under ICBN. See also nom. ined.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>comb. inval.</b> (combinatio invalida)</span>. A combination not validly published according to ICBN.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>comb. illeg.</b> (combinatio illegitima)</span>. A validly published name that is not in accordance with one or more rules in ICBN.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>comb. nov.</b> (combinatio nova).</span> A newly published name (sometimes noted as "combinatio revivisco" or <b>comb. rev.</b> by its author) that is introduced based on a pre-existing name, often the specific epithet is used with another genus name.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>comb. superfl.</b> (combinatio superflua).</span> Superfluous combination, created with the use of a junior synonym instead of the appropriate basionym.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>cum descr.</b> (cum descriptione).</span> With description.</li> <li><b>cv.</b> (cultivated variety). Added before the name of a cultivar in botany, e.g. <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> cv. 'Spinasa'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="E" data-mw-thread-id="h-E"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-E"></span>E<span data-mw-comment-end="h-E"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: E"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span lang="la"><b>emend.</b> (emendavit)</span> The diagnostic characters or the circumscription of a taxon has been altered ("emended").</li> <li><i><b><span lang="la">et al.</span></b></i> or <i><b><span lang="la">& al.</span></b></i> (Grammatical genders: <b><span lang="la">et alii</span></b> [masculine], <b><span lang="la">et aliae</span></b> [feminine] or <b><span lang="la">et alia</span></b> [neuter]). Latin for: <b>and others</b>, used to indicate other authors of a published work. Should always be italicized when using as an abbreviation.</li> <li><b>ex</b> Used to credit the coiner of a name, when said name was never, or invalidly published. Usage differs between botany and zoology: <ul><li><b>In botany, the "correct" author goes last</b>, same as with combination authors.</li> <li><b>In zoology, the "correct" author goes first</b>, as it is closest to the name.</li></ul></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>excl. var.</b> (exclusis varietatibus).</span> This taxonomic concept excludes varieties which other authors have subsequently included.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="F" data-mw-thread-id="h-F"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-F"></span>F<span data-mw-comment-end="h-F"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: F"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span lang="la">fide</span></b> "on the authority of", or with reference to publication, to a cited published statement</li> <li><b><span lang="la">filius</span></b> (often abbreviated <b><span lang="la">f.</span></b>) In author abbreviations "f." denotes the first son of an author. For example <b>L.f.</b> (<a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus_the_Younger" title="Carolus Linnaeus the Younger">Carolus Linnaeus the Younger</a>), the son of <b>L.</b> (<a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" title="Carolus Linnaeus">Carolus Linnaeus</a>). Compare "bis".</li> <li><b><span lang="la">floruit</span></b> (often abbreviated <b><span lang="la">fl.</span></b> or occasionally, <b><span lang="la">flor.</span></b>) Latin meaning "he/she flourished", and denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active. In English, the word may also be used as a noun indicating the time when someone "flourished", e.g. a period in life when an author of taxa was the most active.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="G" data-mw-thread-id="h-G"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-G"></span>G<span data-mw-comment-end="h-G"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: G"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span lang="la">gen. nov.</span></b> (genus novum). A genus that is newly and validly published.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="H" data-mw-thread-id="h-H"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-H"></span>H<span data-mw-comment-end="h-H"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: H"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>hemihomonyms</b> The same name used for taxa from different nomenclature jurisdictions. See <a href="/wiki/Hemihomonym" title="Hemihomonym">Hemihomonym</a>.</li> <li><b>heterochresonym</b> A chresonym that is applied incorrectly or inappropriately for a given taxon, possibly by misidentification. In botany this term can be more or less equivalent to a later heterotypic homonym. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chresonym#Example_(heterochresonymy)" class="extiw" title="w:Chresonym">Examples at Wikipedia</a>.</li> <li><b>heterotypic synonym</b> (taxonomic synonym). A name referring to the same taxon based on a type different from that of another name; often indicated by the symbol “=”; termed a “subjective synonym” in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.</li> <li><b>holotype</b> (holotypus) A single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described.</li> <li><b>homonym</b> The same name based on different types.</li> <li><b>homotypic synonym</b> (nomenclatural synonym). A name based on the same type as that of another name; often indicated by the symbol “≡”; termed an “objective synonym” in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.</li> <li><b>Hort.</b> (Hortulanorum). Used to indicate a name that saw significant use in the horticultural literature (usually of the 19th century and earlier), but was never properly published. (For the author abbreviation <b>Hort</b> (without period), see <a href="/wiki/Fenton_John_Anthony_Hort" title="Fenton John Anthony Hort">Fenton John Anthony Hort</a>.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="I" data-mw-thread-id="h-I"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-I"></span>I<span data-mw-comment-end="h-I"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>ICN</b> or <b>ICNafp</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</a>, formerly known as the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (<b>ICBN</b>), maintained by the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (<b>IAPT</b>).</li> <li><b>ICZN</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-international-code-of-zoological-nomenclature/">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</a>, published by the <a href="/wiki/ICZN" title="ICZN">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature</a> (<b>ICZN</b>).</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>in clavi.</b> (in clavis, in clavem)</span>. In key or glossary.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>in litt.</b> (in litteris)</span>. In correspondence.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>in obs.</b> (in observatione)</span>. In observation.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>in sched.</b> (in schedis)</span>. On a herbarium sheet.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>incertae sedis</b></span> Of uncertain placement. A term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>ined.</b> (ineditus)</span>. Unpublished and not validated, provisional name.</li> <li><b>isonym</b> The same name based on the same type, published independently at different times.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>isotype</b></span> In plant taxonomy a plant specimen that is a duplicate of or very similar to the type specimen and can be used as a reference specimen. They are collected at the same time and from the same plant, or localised population of plants, as the holotype. These duplicate specimens are often separated and deposited in several institutions.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="J" data-mw-thread-id="h-J"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-J"></span>J<span data-mw-comment-end="h-J"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: J"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>juv.</b> (juvenilis). Individual organism that has not yet reached its adult form, sexual maturity, or size.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="L" data-mw-thread-id="h-L"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-L"></span>L<span data-mw-comment-end="h-L"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: L"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>lectotype</b> A specimen or illustration designated from the original material as the nomenclatural type, in conformity with Art. 9.9 and 9.10 ICN, if no holotype was indicated at the time of publication, or if it is missing, or if it is found to belong to more than one taxon (see also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/pages/main/art_9.html#Art9.13">Art. 9.13 ICN</a>).</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>loc. cit.</b> (loco citato)</span>. From the Latin: 'in the place mentioned'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="N" data-mw-thread-id="h-N"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-N"></span>N<span data-mw-comment-end="h-N"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: N"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span lang="la">nec</span></b> (or <b><span lang="la">non</span></b>) Warning, that a homonym could be misinterpreted.</li> <li><b>neotype</b> A specimen or illustration later selected to serve as the single type specimen when an original holotype has been lost or destroyed, or where the original author never cited a specimen (Art. 75 ICZN and Art. 9.6, 9.15 ICN).</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. alt.</b> (nomen alternativum)</span>. A name of a family that is treated as validly published due to long usage (Art. 18 ICN).</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. ambig.</b> (nomen ambiguum)</span>. An ambiguous name, name commonly used by mistake for more than one taxon. Often impossible to typify.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. cons.</b> (nomen conservandum)</span> <ol><li>A name of a family, genus or species [or infraspecies] ruled as legitimate and with precedence over other specified names even though it may have been illegitimate when published or lack priority (Art. 14.1-14.7 ICN).</li> <li>A name for which its type, orthography, or gender has been fixed by the conservation process (Art. 14.1, 14.9-14.11 ICN).</li></ol></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. cons. prop.</b> (nomen conservandum propositum)</span>. Proposed conserved name.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. dub.</b> (nomen dubium, plural: nomina dubia)</span>. A dubious name whose application is difficult or impossible to determine.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. et orth. cons.</b> (nomen et orthographia conservanda)</span>. Both name and orthographic variant conserved (Art. 14.1, 14.9-14.11 ICN).</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. et typ. cons.</b> (nomen et typus conservandum)</span>. Both name and type of a family, genus or species [or infraspecies] ruled as legitimate and with precedence over other specified names even though they may have been illegitimate when published or lack priority (Art. 14.1-14.7 ICN).</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. illeg.</b> (nomen illegitimum)</span>. A validly published name that is not in accordance with one or more rules (Art. 6.4 ICN), principally those on superfluity (Art. 52 ICN) and homonymy (Art. 53 and 54 ICN).</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. illeg. hom.</b> (nomen illegitimum homonymum)</span>. A validly published name that is not in accordance with the one or more of the rules on homonymy (Art. 53 and 54 ICN). A later or junior homonym.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. illeg. superfl.</b> (nomen illegitimum superfluum)</span>. A validly published name that is not in accordance with the rule of superfluity (Art. 52 ICN). See also <b><span lang="la">nom. superfl.</span></b></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. inadmiss.</b> (nomen inadmissibile)</span>. Illegitime renaming of the type.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. ined.</b> (nomen ineditum)</span>. A name that does not appear to have been properly published in accordance with conditions under Art. 29-50 ICN.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. inval.</b> (nomen invalidum)</span>. A name not validly published according to Art. 29-45 ICN or H.9 ICN (Art. 6.2 ICN).</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. nov.</b> (nomen novum, replacement name, avowed substitute)</span>. A <i><span lang="la">nomen novum</span></i> (new name) is a replacement name based on a legitimate or illegitimate, previously published name. The previous name is its replaced synonym and, when legitimate, does not provide the final epithet, name, or stem of the replacement name. New names are created in order to avoid homonymy or creation of tautonyms. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/pages/main/art_6.html">Art. 6.11 ICN</a>).</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. nud.</b> (nomen nudum)</span>. A "naked name". A name of a new taxon published without a description or diagnosis, nor with reference to a description or diagnosis (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/pages/main/art_50_recs.html">Art. 50B.1 ICN</a>).</li> <li><span lang="a"><b>nom. obl.</b> (nomen oblitum</span>, plural: <span lang="la">nomina oblita</span>). Latin for "forgotten name". In zoological nomenclature, a nomen oblitum is a disused scientific name which has been declared to be obsolete (figuratively "forgotten") in favour of another "protected" name; a <i>nomen protectum</i>.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. praeocc.</b> (nomen praeoccupatum)</span>. Name preoccupied, i.e., already published for another taxon.</li> <li><span lang="a"><b>nom. prot.</b> (nomen protectum)</span>. Latin for "protected name". In zoological nomenclature, a nomen protectum is declared to be protected, against a <i>nomen oblitum</i>.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. prov.</b></span> or <span lang="la"><b>nom. provis.</b> (nomen provisorium)</span>. Provisional name.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. rej.</b> (nomen rejiciendum)</span>. A name rejected in favour of a name conserved under Art. 14 ICN or a name ruled as rejected under Art. 56 ICN (App. II, III, IV, and V).</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. rej. prop.</b> (nomen rejiciendum propositum)</span>. Proposed rejected name.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. seminud.</b> (nomen seminudum)</span>. Published with little diagnosis or description, thus leaving it in doubt whether or not it is a name.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. subnud.</b> (nomen subnudum)</span>. Published with a dubious diagnosis or description, thus leaving it in doubt whether or not it is a name.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. superfl.</b> (nomen superfluum)</span>. Superfluous name; usually used for illegitimate names where the correct name or basionym is mentioned at the time of publication.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. supp.</b> (nomen suppressum)</span>. Suppressed name; used for names suppressed by an <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/ICZN" title="ICZN">ICZN</a></span></span> Opinion or equivalent act.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. utique rej. prop.</b> (nomen utique rejiciendum propositum)</span>. Name proposed for rejection to the ICBN (Art. 56.1), because otherwise it would cause a disadvantageous nomenclatural change.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>non design.</b> (non designatus)</span>. Not designated.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>non vidi</b> (<b>n. v.</b>)</span>. Not seen. Usually refers to a protologue or description of a taxon that is difficult to locate and hence verify. In the literature refers to a specimen, usually a type, that the author couldn't physically examine.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="O" data-mw-thread-id="h-O"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-O"></span>O<span data-mw-comment-end="h-O"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: O"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span lang="la"><b>op. cit.</b> (opus citatum/opere citato)</span>. Refers to a publication previously cited or a cited work.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>opus utiq. oppr./opera utiq. oppr.</b> (Opus utique oppressum/Opera utique oppressa)</span>. Works, ruled as suppressed. In these names, in specified ranks, are not validly published. "<span lang="la">Opus</span>" is singular, "<span lang="la">opera</span>" is plural.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>opus utiq. rej./opera utiq. rej.</b> (Opus utique rejectum/Opera utique rejectum)</span>. Works, ruled as rejected. In these names, in specified ranks, are not validly published. "<span lang="la">Opus</span>" is singular, "<span lang="la">opera</span>" is plural.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>orth. cons.</b> (orthographia conservanda)</span>. Conserved orthographic variant.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>orth. emend.</b> (orthographia emendata)</span>. Orthography emended in accordance with ICBN requirements.</li> <li><b>orth. err.</b> Orthography error correctable in accordance with ICBN requirements.</li> <li><b>orth. var</b>. Orthographic variant.</li> <li><b>orthochresonym</b> A chresonym appropriately used to designate a taxon according to the relevant Acts, but the name is not accepted, or has become superfluous. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chresonym#Example_(orthochresonymy)" class="extiw" title="w:Chresonym">Examples at Wikipedia</a>.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>ordo. nov.</b> (ordo novus)</span>. Newly published or proposed novel order.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="P" data-mw-thread-id="h-P"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-P"></span>P<span data-mw-comment-end="h-P"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: P"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>parahomonyms</b> Under ICN, names that are similar enough that they are likely to be confused, are also considered to be homonymous (Art. 53.3). For the zoological code has a set of spelling variations (Art. 58) that are considered to be identical.</li> <li><b>paralectotype</b> In botany a specimen prior to lectotypification included among the syntypes, other than the chosen lectotype and isolectotypes. Duplicates are isoparalectotype(s). Not covered by ICN.</li> <li><b>paratype</b> In both zoology and botany it is a specimen of an organism that helps define what the scientific name of a taxon actually represents. However, it is not the holotype and in botany it is also neither an isotype nor a syntype. Also, see <b>allotype</b>.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>p.p.</b> or <b>pro parte</b></span> "In part", regarding synonyms caused by subdivided taxa and circumscriptional changes.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>preocc.</b> ([nomen] praeoccupatum)</span>. Preoccupied, i.e. name already published for another taxon.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>pro gen.</b> (pro genus)</span>. As genus.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>pro hybr.</b> or <b>pro hybrid.</b> (pro hybrido)</span>. As hybrid.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>pro sp.</b> (pro specie)</span>. As species.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>pro syn.</b> (pro synonymo)</span>. As synonym.</li> <li><b>protologue</b> First valid description: formal description of a newly discovered taxon, usually in the form of a scientific paper.</li> <li><b>protonym</b> In zoology, the first name used for a taxon. Equivalent to basionym in botany, and basonym in bacteriology.</li> <li><b>pv.</b> (pathovar).<small><sup>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/pathovar" class="extiw" title="w:pathovar">WP</a>)</sup></small> Added before the name of a pathovar — a bacterial strain or set of strains with the same or similar characteristics — in bacteriology, e.g. <i>Xanthomonas axonopodis</i> pv. <i>citri</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Q" data-mw-thread-id="h-Q"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Q"></span>Q<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Q"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Q"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span lang="la"><b>quoad typum</b></span> With respect or pertaining to the type of a taxon. Commonly found in association with <b>p.p.</b> or <b>pro parte</b>, as <b>p.p. quoad typum</b> or <b>p.p. (quoad typum)</b>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="R" data-mw-thread-id="h-R"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-R"></span>R<span data-mw-comment-end="h-R"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: R"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>rank</b> The following endings indicate rank in botanical nomenclature: <ul><li><span lang="la">-obiotina = subkingdom</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-ophytanae = superdivision or superphylum</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-ophyta = division or phylum</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-ophytina = subdivision</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-opsida = class</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-idea = subclass</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-anae = superordo</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-ales = ordo</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-ineae = subordo</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-ariae = superfamilia</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-aceae = familia</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-indae = supersubfamilia</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-oideae = subfamilia</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-odae = supertribus</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-eae = tribus</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-odinae = supersubtribus</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-inae = subtribus</span></li></ul></li> <li><b>replaced synonym</b> The previously published, legitimate or illegitimate name on which a replacement name (nomen novum) is based. When legitimate, the replaced synonym does not provide the final epithet, name, or stem of the replacement name.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="S" data-mw-thread-id="h-S"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-S"></span>S<span data-mw-comment-end="h-S"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: S"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>sanctioned name</b> In botany, a name defined under the Code (Art. F.3) as used in certain works by <a href="/wiki/Persoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Persoon">Persoon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elias_Magnus_Fries" title="Elias Magnus Fries">Fries</a>. These names are treated as though conserved against earlier homonyms and synonyms, but can still be conserved, rejected or protected in their own right. The earlier names are also not considered illegitimate.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>sensu auct.</b> (<b>sensu auctorum</b>)</span>. As used by the cited author, but specifically excluding the original meaning.</li> <li><b>serotype</b> or <b>serovar</b> A distinct infraspecific variation within a species of bacteria or virus.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>s.c.</b> (<b>sine collector</b>)</span>. Without an assigned collector's name.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>s.d.</b> (<b>sine data</b>)</span>. Undated.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>s.l.</b></span>. <ul><li><b>sensu lato</b> In the wide sense.</li> <li><b>sine loco</b> Without a location (i.e. where the specimen was collected).</li></ul></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>s.n.</b> (<b>sine numero</b>)</span>.Without a collector-assigned number.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>s.s.</b>, <b>s.str.</b> (<b>sensu stricto</b>)</span>. In the narrow sense.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>sine dign. defin.</b> (sine dignitate definita)</span>. Unranked taxa.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>sine descr.</b> (sine descriptione)</span>. Without a description in nomenclature.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>species inquirenda</b></span> Species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>sphalm.</b> (sphalmate)</span>. By mistake, mistakenly.</li> <li><b><span lang="la">supra</span></b> [see "<b><span lang="la">vide supra</span></b>"]</li> <li><b>syn.</b> or <b>synonym</b> A scientific name that applies to a taxon that now goes by a different scientific name. Synonyms may arise whenever the same taxon is described and named more than once, independently. They may also arise when existing taxa are changed, as when two taxa are joined to become one, a species is moved to a different genus, a variety is moved to a different species, etc. A synonym is always the synonym of a different scientific name and cannot exist in isolation. One taxon may have several synonyms, but can only have one valid scientific name. An example of this is the domestic dog. It was originally described as <i>Canis aegyptius</i>. Some years later it was redescribed as <i>Canis minor</i> (and several other names), and today it is named <i>Canis lupus familiaris</i>. Hence both <i>Canis aegyptius</i> and <i>Canis minor</i> are synonyms of the now valid scientific name <i><a href="/wiki/Canis_lupus_familiaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Canis lupus familiaris">Canis lupus familiaris</a></i> – but they all apply to the same taxon.</li> <li><b>Syntype</b> In botany, any specimen cited in the protologue when there is no holotype, or any one of two or more specimens simultaneously designated as types (Art. 9.5 ICN). In zoology, each specimen of a type series (q.v.) from which neither a holotype nor a lectotype has been designated [Arts. 72.1.2, 73.2, 74 ICZN]. The syntypes collectively constitute the name-bearing type.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="T" data-mw-thread-id="h-T"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-T"></span>T<span data-mw-comment-end="h-T"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: T"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>t.</b>, <b>tab.</b>, <b>tabula</b> Plate, used in bibliography to refer to a numbered illustration. That illustration may be used as a division (some work have unnumbered pages matched to numbered plates) or constitute in and of itself valid publication of a name (under ICZN article 12.2.7 or ICNafp article 38.7).</li> <li><b>tautonym</b> A tautonym is a scientific name of a species in which both parts of the name have the same spelling, as <i><a href="/wiki/Pica_pica" title="Pica pica">Pica pica</a></i>. It is permissible in zoological nomenclature but prohibited in botanical taxonomy.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>tax. nov.</b> (taxon novum)</span>. A new taxon.</li> <li><b>t.b.c.</b> To be confirmed.</li> <li><b>topotype</b> A specimen from the type locality.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>typ. cons.</b> (typus conservandus)</span>. With a conserved type.</li> <li><b><span lang="la">typus</span></b> or <b>type</b> A particular specimen (or in rare cases a group of specimens) to which the scientific name is formally attached. The type is an example that serves to anchor a particular scientific name in a particular taxon.</li> <li><b>Type genus</b> genus from which the name of a family or subfamily is formed. The type genus is not necessarily the most representative, but is usually the earliest described, largest or best known. In botany type genus has no formal standing, but this is not the case in zoology.</li> <li><b>Type locality</b> The geographical location where a type specimen was originally found.</li> <li><b>Type species</b> Each genus must have a designated type species with which it is permanently associated. In botany type species has no formal standing, but this is not the case in zoology.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="U" data-mw-thread-id="h-U"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-U"></span>U<span data-mw-comment-end="h-U"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: U"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Unplaced name</b> Names that currently cannot be accepted, nor can they be put into a synonymy. This may be because the name is not validly published, or it is a later homonym and therefore illegitimate or because it is a species whose genus name is not accepted. See also comb. ined. and nom. ined.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="V" data-mw-thread-id="h-V"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-V"></span>V<span data-mw-comment-end="h-V"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: V"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><span lang="la">varietas</span></b> (<b>var.</b>, plural form <b>varietates</b>) "variety", a taxonomic rank below that of species and subspecies, but above that of form.</li> <li><b><span lang="la">vide</span></b> "see" or "refer to", used in scholarly citations. <ul><li><b><span lang="la">vide infra</span></b> (<b>v. i.</b>) "see below", used in scholarly works.</li> <li><b><span lang="la">vide supra</span></b> (<b>v. s.</b>) "see above", used in scholarly works. Sometimes truncated to <b>supra</b>.</li></ul></li> <li><b><span lang="la">videlicet</span></b> (<b>viz</b>) contraction of "<i><span lang="la">videre licet</span></i>" ("one may see", "it is permitted to see") and sometimes used instead of <b><span lang="la">vide infra</span></b>.</li></ul> <p><br/> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2023165" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q2023165">wikidata:Q2023165</a> — Glossary of scientific naming on Wikipedia</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190415060334/https://www.fsbio-hannover.de/oftheweek/abbrev.htm">abbrev. sys.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/pages/main/glossary.html">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) - Glossary.</a> Accessed 20 September 2023.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.iczn.org/glossary-2/?frame=1">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature - Glossary.</a> Accessed 20 September 2023.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lpsn.dsmz.de/text/glossary">List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature - Glossary.</a> Accessed 26 October 2023.</li> <li><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/David_Leslie_Hawksworth" title="David Leslie Hawksworth">Hawksworth, D.L.</a></span></span> 2010. <i>Terms Used in Bionomenclature. The naming of organisms (and plant communities).</i> Copenhagen: Global Biodiversity Information Facility, 216 pp, accessible online at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gbif.org/document/80577">www.gbif.org/document/80577</a> <span style="position:relative; top: -1px; display: inline-block;text-align: center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Open access"><img alt="Open access" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/11px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/17px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/23px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000"/></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/87-92020-09-7" title="Special:BookSources/87-92020-09-7">ISBN 87-92020-09-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/Template:Hawksworth,_2010" title="Template:Hawksworth, 2010">Reference page</a>. </li> <li><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/David_Michael_Spooner" title="David Michael Spooner">Spooner, D.M.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Wilbert_Hetterscheid" title="Wilbert Hetterscheid">Hetterscheid, W.L.A.</a></span></span>, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_van_den_Berg" title="Ronald George van den Berg">van den Berg, R.G.</a></span></span> & <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Willem_A._Brandenburg" title="Willem A. Brandenburg">Brandenburg, W.A.</a></span></span> 2003. Plant nomenclature and taxonomy: an horticultural and agronomic perspective. <i>Horticultural Reviews</i> 28: 1–60. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-21542-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-21542-4">ISBN 978-0-471-21542-4</a>. <span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="extiw" title="w:Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F9780470650851.ch1">10.1002/9780470650851.ch1</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vcru.wisc.edu/spoonerlab/pdf/Spooner%20et%20al.,%20taxonomy%20paper.pdf">PDF</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Spooner_et_al.,_2003" title="Template:Spooner et al., 2003">Reference page</a>. </li> <li><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Judith_Ellen_Winston" title="Judith Ellen Winston">Winston, J.E.</a></span></span> 1999. <i>Describing Species: Practical Taxonomic Procedure for Biologists</i>. Columbia University Press, New York. xx + 518 pp. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231068253" title="Special:BookSources/9780231068253">ISBN 9780231068253</a> (paperback), <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231068246" title="Special:BookSources/9780231068246">ISBN 9780231068246</a> (hardcover). <a href="/wiki/Template:Winston,_1999" title="Template:Winston, 1999">Reference page</a>. </li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&oldid=9738493">https://species.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary&oldid=9738493</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikispecies" title="Category:Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 October 2024, at 11:41.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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