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lang="fi" dir="ltr">suomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/sv" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Wikispecies:Ordbok (3% translated)" lang="sv" dir="ltr">svenska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/cs" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Wikidruhy:Slovníček (62% translated)" lang="cs" dir="ltr">čeština</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/ru" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Викивиды:Глоссарий (8% translated)" lang="ru" dir="ltr">русский</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/uk" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Віківиди:Словник (66% translated)" lang="uk" dir="ltr">українська</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/he" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Wikispecies:Glossary/he (1% translated)" lang="he" dir="rtl">עברית</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/ar" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="ويكي أنواع:المصطلحات (4% translated)" lang="ar" dir="rtl">العربية</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/hi" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Wikispecies:Glossary/hi (1% translated)" lang="hi" dir="ltr">हिन्दी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/bn" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Wikispecies:Glossary/bn (11% translated)" lang="bn" dir="ltr">বাংলা</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/gu" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Wikispecies:Glossary/gu (3% translated)" lang="gu" dir="ltr">ગુજરાતી</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/ml" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="വിക്കിസ്പീഷീസ്:നിഘണ്ടു (42% translated)" lang="ml" dir="ltr">മലയാളം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/zh" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="维基物种:术语表 (5% translated)" lang="zh" dir="ltr">中文</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Termes_et_abréviations" data-mw-thread-id="h-Termes_et_abréviations"><span id="Termes_et_abr.C3.A9viations"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Termes_et_abréviations"></span>Termes et abréviations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Termes_et_abréviations"></span></h2></div> <div> <table border="0" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color: #202122;padding:5px;font-size: 95%;"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Directory</b> <a href="#A">A</a><b>·</b><a href="#B">B</a><b>·</b><a href="#C">C</a><b>·</b><a href="#D">D</a><b>·</b><a href="#E">E</a><b>·</b><a href="#F">F</a><b>·</b><a href="#G">G</a><b>·</b><a href="#H">H</a><b>·</b><a href="#I">I</a><b>·</b><a href="#J">J</a><b>·</b><a href="#K">K</a><b>·</b><a href="#L">L</a><b>·</b><a href="#M">M</a><b>·</b><a href="#N">N</a><b>·</b><a href="#O">O</a><b>·</b><a href="#P">P</a><b>·</b><a href="#Q">Q</a><b>·</b><a href="#R">R</a><b>·</b><a href="#S">S</a><b>·</b><a href="#T">T</a><b>·</b><a href="#U">U</a><b>·</b><a href="#V">V</a><b>·</b><a href="#W">W</a><b>·</b><a href="#X">X</a><b>·</b><a href="#Y">Y</a><b>·</b><a href="#Z">Z</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="!" data-mw-thread-id="h-!"><span id=".21"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-!"></span>!<span data-mw-comment-end="h-!"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>!</b>: Indique qu'un spécimen a été vu par l'auteur.</li> <li><b>†</b>: Indique qu'un taxon est éteint, qu'un (type de) spécimen a été détruit, ou qu'une publication a été publiée de manière posthume.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="A" data-mw-thread-id="h-A"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-A"></span>A<span data-mw-comment-end="h-A"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b><span lang="la">affinis</span></b> (souvent abrégé <b><span lang="la">aff.</span></b> ou occasionnellement <b><span lang="la">affin.</span></b>) indique que les éléments ou preuves disponibles suggèrent que le taxon proposé est lié à - a une <i>affinité</i> à – mais n'est pas identique au taxon avec le nom binomial qui vient après. Le mot latin <i>affinis</i> peut être traduit comme "étroitement lié à" ou "proche de".</li> <li><b>agg.</b> Espèces agrégées. Un groupe d'espèces étroitement liées qui sont traitées comme une seule espèce pour des considérations pratiques.</li> <li><b>allotype</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A designated <b>paratype</b> of a species (or lower-order taxon) that is the opposite sex of the <b>holotype</b>.</span></li> <li><b><span lang="la">auct.</span></b>; <b><span lang="la">auctt.</span></b> (Auctorum) Un nom utilisé dans le sens d'un nombre subséquent d'auteurs et non dans son sens (différent) comme établi par l'auteur original. Il est souvent utilisé en conjonction avec <i><span lang="la">nec</span></i> ou <i><span lang="la">non</span></i> pour indiquer un nom mal employé.</li> <li><b>autonym</b> Un nom infragenre ou intraspécifique généré automatiquement.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="B" data-mw-thread-id="h-B"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-B"></span>B<span data-mw-comment-end="h-B"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>basionym</b> En botanique, le premier nom légitime ("base name") sur lequel le nom d'un nouveau rang ou d'une nouvelle combinaison est basé, qui fournit l'épithète final, nom ou racine de la nouvelle combinaison ou nom au nouveau rang. Équivalent au protonyme en zoologie, et basonyme en bactériologie.</li> <li><b>basonym</b> En bactériologie, premier nom utilisé pour un taxon. Équivalent au protonyme en zoologie, et au basionyme en botanique.</li> <li><b>bis</b> Dans les abréviation d'auteurs, "bis" décrit le second fils d'un auteur. Comparé à "f." and "filius". Par exemple, <b>Schult.f.</b> (<a href="/wiki/Julius_Hermann_Schultes_(1804%E2%80%931840)" title="Julius Hermann Schultes (1804–1840)">Julius Hermann Schultes</a>, 1804–1840) et <b>J.H.Schult.bis</b> (<a href="/wiki/Julius_Hermann_Schultes_(1820%E2%80%931887)" title="Julius Hermann Schultes (1820–1887)">Julius Hermann Schultes</a>, 1820–1887), the first and second sons of <a href="/wiki/Josef_August_Schultes" title="Josef August Schultes">Josef August Schultes</a> (1773–1831, <b>Schult.</b>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="C" data-mw-thread-id="h-C"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-C"></span>C<span data-mw-comment-end="h-C"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b><span lang="la">Candidatus</span></b> En nomenclature bactériologique, Candidatus est un composé du nom taxonomique pour une bactérie qui ne peut pas être maintenue dans une collection de culture bactériologique. C'est un statut taxonomique d'intérim pour les organismes pas encore cultivés. D'après le "Comité Ad Hoc pour la réévaluation des la définition des espèces en bactériologie", les microbiologiste sont encouragés à utiliser le concept de Candidatus pour les organismes bien caractérisés mais pas encore cultivés. Les noms inclus dans cette catégorie sont souvent écrits comme: <i>Candidatus</i> (en italique), le nom suivant en latin (avec une lettre majuscule pour le nom du genre) et le nom entier entre guillements. Par exemple, "<i>Candidatus</i> Carsonella", et "<i>Candidatus</i> Carsonella ruddii".</li> <li><b>cf.</b> (confer). "Comparer" en latin, marque une identification incertaine ou se réfère à une comparaison entre des sources avec des opinions taxonomiques différentes.</li> <li><b>chresonym</b> Est le nom cité du taxon, souvent un nom d'espèce, dans une publication. Il n'y a pas de suppositions quant au caractère approprié ou adapté dans les désignations cf. synonymes.</li> <li><b>chresonymy</b> Dans le sommaire des occurences publiées de tout nom scientifique ou ensemble de noms pour un taxon. Peut contenir des orthochresonymes et/ou des hétérochresonymes.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>comb. ined.</b> (combinatio inedita)</span>. Une combinaison qui apparait ne pas avoir été publiée de manière valide ou dont les publications sont incertaines selon un ou plusieurs articles de l'ICBN. Voir aussi nom. ined.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>comb. inval.</b> (combinatio invalida)</span>. Une combinaison non valide publiée d'après l'ICBN.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>comb. illeg.</b> (combinatio illegitima)</span>. Un nom publié de manière valide qui n'est pas en accord avec une ou plusieurs règles de l'ICBN.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>comb. nov.</b> (combinatio nova).</span> <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Un nom nouvellement publié qui est introduit d'après un nom préexistant, souvent l'épithète spécifique est utilisé avec une autre nom de genre.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>comb. superfl.</b> (combinatio superflua).</span> Combinaison superflue, créée avec l'utilisation d'un homonyme plus récent au lieu du basionyme correct.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>cum descr.</b> (cum descriptione).</span> Avec une description.</li> <li><b>cv.</b> (cultivated variety). Ajouté avant le nom d'un cultivar en botanique, par exemple <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> cv. 'Spinasa'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="E" data-mw-thread-id="h-E"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-E"></span>E<span data-mw-comment-end="h-E"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><span lang="la"><b>emend.</b> (emendavit)</span> Les caractères diagnostiques ou la circonscription du taxon ont été altérés ("emended").</li> <li><i><b><span lang="la">et al.</span></b></i> or <i><b><span lang="la">& al.</span></b></i> (Grammatical genders: <b><span lang="la">et alii</span></b> [masculine], <b><span lang="la">et aliae</span></b> [feminine] or <b><span lang="la">et alia</span></b> [neuter]). <b>Et autres</b> en latin, utilisé pour indiqué les autres auteurs d'un travail publié. Doit toujours être en italique quand utilisé comme abréviation.</li> <li><b>ex</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Used to credit the coiner of a name, when said name was never, or invalidly published. Usage differs between botany and zoology:</span> <ul><li><b>En botanique, le "bon" auteur vient en dernier</b>, de même avec les combinaisons d'auteurs.</li> <li><b>En zoologie, le "bon" auteur vient en premier</b>, comme c'est le nom le plus proche.</li></ul></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>excl. var.</b> (exclusis varietatibus).</span> Ce concept taxonomique exclut les variétés que les autres auteurs ont ensuite inclues.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="F" data-mw-thread-id="h-F"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-F"></span>F<span data-mw-comment-end="h-F"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b><span lang="la">fide</span></b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">"on the authority of", or with reference to publication, to a cited published statement</span></li> <li><b><span lang="la">filius</span></b> (often abbreviated <b><span lang="la">f.</span></b>) Dans les abréviations des auteurs, "f" décrit le premier fils d'un auteur. Par exemple <b>L.f.</b> (<a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus_the_Younger" title="Carolus Linnaeus the Younger">Carolus Linnaeus the Younger</a>), fils de <b>L.</b> (<a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" title="Carolus Linnaeus">Carolus Linnaeus</a>). Comparer à "bis".</li> <li><b><span lang="la">floruit</span></b> (often abbreviated <b><span lang="la">fl.</span></b> or occasionally, <b><span lang="la">flor.</span></b>) <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Latin meaning "he/she flourished", and denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active. In English, the word may also be used as a noun indicating the time when someone "flourished", e.g. a period in life when an author of taxa was the most active.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="G" data-mw-thread-id="h-G"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-G"></span>G<span data-mw-comment-end="h-G"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b><span lang="la">gen. nov.</span></b> (genus novum). Un genre nouvellement et validement publié.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="H" data-mw-thread-id="h-H"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-H"></span>H<span data-mw-comment-end="h-H"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>hemihomonyms</b> Même nom utilisé pour des taxons des différentes juridictions de nomenclature.</li> <li><b>heterochresonym</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A chresonym that is applied incorrectly or inappropriately for a given taxon, possibly by misidentification. In botany this term can be more or less equivalent to a later heterotypic homonym. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chresonym#Example_(heterochresonymy)" class="extiw" title="w:Chresonym">Examples at Wikipedia</a>.</span></li> <li><b>heterotypic synonym</b> (taxonomic synonym). <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A name referring to the same taxon based on a type different from that of another name; often indicated by the symbol “=”; termed a “subjective synonym” in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.</span></li> <li><b>holotype</b> (holotypus) <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described.</span></li> <li><b>homonym</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The same name based on different types.</span></li> <li><b>homotypic synonym</b> (nomenclatural synonym). <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A name based on the same type as that of another name; often indicated by the symbol “≡”; termed an “objective synonym” in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.</span></li> <li><b>Hort.</b> (Hortulanorum). <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Used to indicate a name that saw significant use in the horticultural literature (usually of the 19th century and earlier), but was never properly published. (For the author abbreviation <b>Hort</b> (without period), see <a href="/wiki/Fenton_John_Anthony_Hort" title="Fenton John Anthony Hort">Fenton John Anthony Hort</a>.)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="I" data-mw-thread-id="h-I"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-I"></span>I<span data-mw-comment-end="h-I"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>ICN</b> or <b>ICNafp</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</a>, formerly known as the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (<b>ICBN</b>), maintained by the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (<b>IAPT</b>).</span></li> <li><b>ICZN</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-international-code-of-zoological-nomenclature/"><span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Code International de Nomenclature de Zoologie</span></a>.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>in clavi.</b> (in clavis, in clavem)</span>. Dans la clé ou le glossaire.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>in litt.</b> (in litteris)</span>. En correspondance.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>in obs.</b> (in observatione)</span>. En observation.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>in sched.</b> (in schedis)</span>. Sur une feuille d'herbier.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>incertae sedis</b></span> De position incertaine. Un terme utilisé pour désigner un groupe taxonomique dont les relations plus larges sont inconnues ou non définies.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>ined.</b> (ineditus)</span>. Non publié ou non valide, nom provisoire.</li> <li><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><b>isonym</b> The same name based on the same type, published independently at different times.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>isotype</b></span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In plant taxonomy a plant specimen that is a duplicate of or very similar to the type specimen and can be used as a reference specimen. They are collected at the same time and from the same plant, or localised population of plants, as the holotype. These duplicate specimens are often separated and deposited in several institutions.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="J" data-mw-thread-id="h-J"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-J"></span>J<span data-mw-comment-end="h-J"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>juv.</b> (juvenilis). Organisme individuel qui n'a pas encore atteint sa forme adulte, maturité sexuelle ou taille.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="L" data-mw-thread-id="h-L"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-L"></span>L<span data-mw-comment-end="h-L"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>lectotype</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A specimen or illustration designated from the original material as the nomenclatural type, in conformity with Art. 9.9 and 9.10 ICN, if no holotype was indicated at the time of publication, or if it is missing, or if it is found to belong to more than one taxon (see also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/pages/main/art_9.html#Art9.13">Art. 9.13 ICN</a>).</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>loc. cit.</b> (loco citato)</span>. Du latin : 'au lieu mentionné'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="N" data-mw-thread-id="h-N"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-N"></span>N<span data-mw-comment-end="h-N"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b><span lang="la">nec</span></b> (or <b><span lang="la">non</span></b>) Attention, un homonyme peut être mal interprété.</li> <li><b>neotype</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A specimen or illustration later selected to serve as the single type specimen when an original holotype has been lost or destroyed, or where the original author never cited a specimen (Art. 75 ICZN and Art. 9.6, 9.15 ICN).</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. alt.</b> (nomen alternativum)</span>. Nom d'une famille considéré comme publié validement à cause d'une longue utilisation (Art. 18 ICN).</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. ambig.</b> (nomen ambiguum)</span>. Nom ambiguë, nom communément utilisé par erreur pour plus d'un taxon. Souvent impossible à identifier.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. cons.</b> (nomen conservandum)</span> <ol><li><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A name of a family, genus or species [or infraspecies] ruled as legitimate and with precedence over other specified names even though it may have been illegitimate when published or lack priority (Art. 14.1-14.7 ICN).</span></li> <li>Nom pour lequel son type, son orthographe ou son sexe ont été fixés par le processus de conservation (art. 14.1, 14.9-14.11 ICN).</li></ol></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. cons. prop.</b> (nomen conservandum propositum)</span>. Nom conservé proposé.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. dub.</b> (nomen dubium, plural: nomina dubia)</span>. Un nom douteux dont l'application est difficile ou impossible à déterminer.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. et orth. cons.</b> (nomen et orthographia conservanda)</span>. Nom et variant orthographique conservés (Art. 14.1, 14.9-14.11 ICN).</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. et typ. cons.</b> (nomen et typus conservandum)</span>. Le nom et le type d'une famille, d'un genre ou d'une espèce [ou d'une sous-espèce] ont été jugés légitimes et ont la priorité sur d'autres noms précisés, même s'ils ont pu être illégitimes lors de leur publication ou ne disposent pas de priorité (articles 14.1-14.7 de l'ICN).</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. illeg.</b> (nomen illegitimum)</span>. Une dénomination validement publiée qui ne respecte pas une ou plusieurs règles (article 6.4 ICN), principalement celles relatives à la superfluité (article 52 ICN) et à l'homonymie (articles 53 et 54 ICN).</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. illeg. hom.</b> (nomen illegitimum homonymum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A validly published name that is not in accordance with the one or more of the rules on homonymy (Art. 53 and 54 ICN). A later or junior homonym.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. illeg. superfl.</b> (nomen illegitimum superfluum)</span>. Un nom publié avec validité qui ne respecte pas la règle de la superfluité (article 52 du CICN). Voir aussi <b><span lang="la">nom. superfl.</span></b></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. inadmiss.</b> (nomen inadmissibile)</span>. Renommage illégitime du type.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. ined.</b> (nomen ineditum)</span>. Nom qui ne semble pas avoir été correctement publié conformément aux conditions prévues aux articles 29 à 50 du CICN.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. inval.</b> (nomen invalidum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A name not validly published according to Art. 29-45 ICN or H.9 ICN (Art. 6.2 ICN).</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. nov.</b> (nomen novum, replacement name, avowed substitute)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A <i><span lang="la">nomen novum</span></i> (new name) is a replacement name based on a legitimate or illegitimate, previously published name. The previous name is its replaced synonym and, when legitimate, does not provide the final epithet, name, or stem of the replacement name. New names are created in order to avoid homonymy or creation of tautonyms. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/pages/main/art_6.html">Art. 6.11 ICN</a>).</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. nud.</b> (nomen nudum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A "naked name". A name of a new taxon published without a description or diagnosis, nor with reference to a description or diagnosis (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/pages/main/art_50_recs.html">Art. 50B.1 ICN</a>).</span></li> <li><span lang="a"><b>nom. obl.</b> (nomen oblitum</span>, plural: <span lang="la">nomina oblita</span>). Latin for "forgotten name". In zoological nomenclature, a nomen oblitum is a disused scientific name which has been declared to be obsolete (figuratively "forgotten") in favour of another "protected" name; a <i>nomen protectum</i>.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. praeocc.</b> (nomen praeoccupatum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Name preoccupied, i.e., already published for another taxon.</span></li> <li><span lang="a"><b>nom. prot.</b> (nomen protectum)</span>. Latin for "protected name". In zoological nomenclature, a nomen protectum is declared to be protected, against a <i>nomen oblitum</i>.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. prov.</b></span> ou <span lang="la"><b>nom. provis.</b> (nomen provisorium)</span>. Nom provisoire.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. rej.</b> (nomen rejiciendum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A name rejected in favour of a name conserved under Art. 14 ICN or a name ruled as rejected under Art. 56 ICN (App. II, III, IV, and V).</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. rej. prop.</b> (nomen rejiciendum propositum)</span>. Nom proposé rejeté.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. seminud.</b> (nomen seminudum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Published with little diagnosis or description, thus leaving it in doubt whether or not it is a name.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. subnud.</b> (nomen subnudum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Published with a dubious diagnosis or description, thus leaving it in doubt whether or not it is a name.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. superfl.</b> (nomen superfluum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Superfluous name; usually used for illegitimate names where the correct name or basionym is mentioned at the time of publication.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. supp.</b> (nomen suppressum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Suppressed name; used for names suppressed by an <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/ICZN" title="ICZN">ICZN</a></span></span> Opinion or equivalent act.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. utique rej. prop.</b> (nomen utique rejiciendum propositum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Name proposed for rejection to the ICBN (Art. 56.1), because otherwise it would cause a disadvantageous nomenclatural change.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>non design.</b> (non designatus)</span>. Non désigné.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>non vidi</b> (<b>n. v.</b>)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Not seen. Usually refers to a protologue or description of a taxon that is difficult to locate and hence verify. In the literature refers to a specimen, usually a type, that the author couldn't physically examine.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="O" data-mw-thread-id="h-O"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-O"></span>O<span data-mw-comment-end="h-O"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><span lang="la"><b>op. cit.</b> (opus citatum/opere citato)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Refers to a publication previously cited or a cited work.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>opus utiq. oppr./opera utiq. oppr.</b> (Opus utique oppressum/Opera utique oppressa)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Works, ruled as suppressed. In these names, in specified ranks, are not validly published. "<span lang="la">Opus</span>" is singular, "<span lang="la">opera</span>" is plural.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>opus utiq. rej./opera utiq. rej.</b> (Opus utique rejectum/Opera utique rejectum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Works, ruled as rejected. In these names, in specified ranks, are not validly published. "<span lang="la">Opus</span>" is singular, "<span lang="la">opera</span>" is plural.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>orth. cons.</b> (orthographia conservanda)</span>. Variant orthographique conservé.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>orth. emend.</b> (orthographia emendata)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Orthography emended in accordance with ICBN requirements.</span></li> <li><b>orth. err.</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Orthography error correctable in accordance with ICBN requirements.</span></li> <li><b>orth. var</b>. Variant orthographique.</li> <li><b>orthochresonym</b><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A chresonym appropriately used to designate a taxon according to the relevant Acts, but the name is not accepted, or has become superfluous. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chresonym#Example_(orthochresonymy)" class="extiw" title="w:Chresonym">Examples at Wikipedia</a>.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>ordo. nov.</b> (ordo novus)</span>. Ordre nouvellement publié ou proposé.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="P" data-mw-thread-id="h-P"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-P"></span>P<span data-mw-comment-end="h-P"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>parahomonyms</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Under ICN, names that are similar enough that they are likely to be confused, are also considered to be homonymous (Art. 53.3). For the zoological code has a set of spelling variations (Art. 58) that are considered to be identical.</span></li> <li><b>paralectotype</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In botany a specimen prior to lectotypification included among the syntypes, other than the chosen lectotype and isolectotypes. Duplicates are isoparalectotype(s). Not covered by ICN.</span></li> <li><b>paratype</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In both zoology and botany it is a specimen of an organism that helps define what the scientific name of a taxon actually represents. However, it is not the holotype and in botany it is also neither an isotype nor a syntype. Also, see <b>allotype</b>.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>p.p.</b> or <b>pro parte</b></span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">"In part", regarding synonyms caused by subdivided taxa and circumscriptional changes.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>preocc.</b> ([nomen] praeoccupatum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Preoccupied, i.e. name already published for another taxon.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>pro gen.</b> (pro genus)</span>. Comme genre.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>pro hybr.</b> or <b>pro hybrid.</b> (pro hybrido)</span>. Comme hybride.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>pro sp.</b> (pro specie)</span>. Comme espèce.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>pro syn.</b> (pro synonymo)</span>. Comme synonyme.</li> <li><b>protologue</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">first valid description: formal description of a newly discovered taxon, usually in the form of a scientific paper</span></li> <li><b>protonym</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In zoology, the first name used for a taxon. Equivalent to basionym in botany, and basonym in bacteriology.</span></li> <li><b>pv.</b> (pathovar). Ajoutée avant le nom d'un pathovar - une souche bactérienne ou un ensemble de souches ayant les mêmes caractéristiques ou similaires - en bactériologie, par exemple "Xanthomonas axonopodis" pv. "Citri".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Q" data-mw-thread-id="h-Q"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Q"></span>Q<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Q"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><span lang="la"><b>quoad typum</b></span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">With respect or pertaining to the type of a taxon. Commonly found in association with <b>p.p.</b> or <b>pro parte</b>, as <b>p.p. quoad typum</b> or <b>p.p. (quoad typum)</b>.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="R" data-mw-thread-id="h-R"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-R"></span>R<span data-mw-comment-end="h-R"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>rank</b> Les terminaisons suivantes indiquent le rang dans la nomenclature botanique: <ul><li><span lang="la">-obiotina = sous-règne</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-ophytanae = superdivision ou superphylum</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-ophyta = division ou philum</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-ophytina = sous-division</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-opsida = classe</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-idea = sous-classe</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-anae = super-ordre</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-ales = ordre</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-ineae = sous-ordre</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-ariae = superfamille</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-aceae = famille</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-indae = supersous-famille</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-oideae = sous-famille</span></li> <li><span lang="la">-odae = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">supertribus</span></span></li> <li><span lang="la">-eae = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">tribus</span></span></li> <li><span lang="la">-odinae = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">supersubtribus</span></span></li> <li><span lang="la">-inae = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">subtribus</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><b>replaced synonym</b> The previously published, legitimate or illegitimate name on which a replacement name (nomen novum) is based. When legitimate, the replaced synonym does not provide the final epithet, name, or stem of the replacement name.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="S" data-mw-thread-id="h-S"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-S"></span>S<span data-mw-comment-end="h-S"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>sanctioned name</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In botany, a name defined under the Code (Art. F.3) as used in certain works by <a href="/wiki/Persoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Persoon">Persoon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elias_Magnus_Fries" title="Elias Magnus Fries">Fries</a>. These names are treated as though conserved against earlier homonyms and synonyms, but can still be conserved, rejected or protected in their own right. The earlier names are also not considered illegitimate.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>sensu auct.</b> (<b>sensu auctorum</b>)</span>. Utilisé comme l'auteur cité, mais excluant spécifiquement le sens originel.</li> <li><b>serotype</b> or <b>serovar</b> Une variation intraspécifique dans une espèce de bactérie ou de virus.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>s.c.</b> (<b>sine collector</b>)</span>. Sans nom de collectionneur assigné.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>s.d.</b> (<b>sine data</b>)</span>. Non-daté.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>s.l.</b></span>. <ul><li><b>sensu lato</b> Dans le sens large.</li> <li><b>sine loco</b> Sans lieu (c'est à dire où le spécimen a été collecté)</li></ul></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>s.n.</b> (<b>sine numero</b>)</span>.Sans numéro de collection assigné.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>s.s.</b>, <b>s.str.</b> (<b>sensu stricto</b>)</span>. Dans le sens strict.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>sine dign. defin.</b> (sine dignitate definita)</span>. Taxons non classés.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>sine descr.</b> (sine descriptione)</span>. Sans description dans la nomenclature.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>species inquirenda</b></span> Espèces d'identité douteuse nécessitant des recherches approfondies.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>sphalm.</b> (sphalmate)</span>. Par erreur, accidentellement.</li> <li><b><span lang="la">supra</span></b> [see "<b><span lang="la">vide supra</span></b>"]</li> <li><b>syn.</b> or <b>synonym</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A scientific name that applies to a taxon that now goes by a different scientific name. Synonyms may arise whenever the same taxon is described and named more than once, independently. They may also arise when existing taxa are changed, as when two taxa are joined to become one, a species is moved to a different genus, a variety is moved to a different species, etc. A synonym is always the synonym of a different scientific name and cannot exist in isolation. One taxon may have several synonyms, but can only have one valid scientific name. An example of this is the domestic dog. It was originally described as <i>Canis aegyptius</i>. Some years later it was redescribed as <i>Canis minor</i> (and several other names), and today it is named <i>Canis lupus familiaris</i>. Hence both <i>Canis aegyptius</i> and <i>Canis minor</i> are synonyms of the now valid scientific name <i><a href="/wiki/Canis_lupus_familiaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Canis lupus familiaris">Canis lupus familiaris</a></i> – but they all apply to the same taxon.</span></li> <li><b>Syntype</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In botany, any specimen cited in the protologue when there is no holotype, or any one of two or more specimens simultaneously designated as types (Art. 9.5 ICN). In zoology, each specimen of a type series (q.v.) from which neither a holotype nor a lectotype has been designated [Arts. 72.1.2, 73.2, 74 ICZN]. The syntypes collectively constitute the name-bearing type.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="T" data-mw-thread-id="h-T"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-T"></span>T<span data-mw-comment-end="h-T"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>t.</b>, <b>tab.</b>, <b>tabula</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Plate, used in bibliography to refer to a numbered illustration. That illustration may be used as a division (some work have unnumbered pages matched to numbered plates) or constitute in and of itself valid publication of a name (under ICZN article 12.2.7 or ICNafp article 38.7).</span></li> <li><b>tautonym</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A tautonym is a scientific name of a species in which both parts of the name have the same spelling, as <i><a href="/wiki/Pica_pica" title="Pica pica">Pica pica</a></i>. It is permissible in zoological nomenclature but prohibited in botanical taxonomy.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>tax. nov.</b> (taxon novum)</span>. Un nouveau taxon.</li> <li><b>t.b.c.</b> À confirmer.</li> <li><b>topotype</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A specimen from the type locality.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>typ. cons.</b> (typus conservandus)</span>. Avec un type conservé.</li> <li><b><span lang="la">typus</span></b> or <b>type</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A particular specimen (or in rare cases a group of specimens) to which the scientific name is formally attached. The type is an example that serves to anchor a particular scientific name in a particular taxon.</span></li> <li><b>Type genus</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">genus from which the name of a family or subfamily is formed. The type genus is not necessarily the most representative, but is usually the earliest described, largest or best known. In botany type genus has no formal standing, but this is not the case in zoology.</span></li> <li><b>Type locality</b> Le lieu géographique o% un spécimen type à été originalement trouvé;</li> <li><b>Type species</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Each genus must have a designated type species with which it is permanently associated. In botany type species has no formal standing, but this is not the case in zoology.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="U" data-mw-thread-id="h-U"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-U"></span>U<span data-mw-comment-end="h-U"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>Unplaced name</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Names that currently cannot be accepted, nor can they be put into a synonymy. This may be because the name is not validly published, or it is a later homonym and therefore illegitimate or because it is a species whose genus name is not accepted. See also comb. ined. and nom. ined.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="V" data-mw-thread-id="h-V"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-V"></span>V<span data-mw-comment-end="h-V"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b><span lang="la">varietas</span></b> (<b>var.</b>, plural form <b>varietates</b>) <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">"variety", a taxonomic rank below that of species and subspecies, but above that of form.</span></li> <li><b><span lang="la">vide</span></b>"Voir" ou "se référer à", utilisé dans les citations savantes. <ul><li><b><span lang="la">vide infra</span></b> (<b>v. i.</b>) "voir ci-dessous", utilisé dans les travaux savants.</li> <li><b><span lang="la">vide supra</span></b> (<b>v. s.</b>) "voir ci-dessus", utilisé dans les travaux savants. Parfois tronqué en <b>supra</b>.</li></ul></li> <li><b><span lang="la">videlicet</span></b> (<b>viz</b>) <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">contraction of "<i><span lang="la">videre licet</span></i>" ("one may see", "it is permitted to see") and sometimes used instead of <b><span lang="la">vide infra</span></b>.</span></li></ul> <p><br/> <span id="See_also"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Voir_aussi" data-mw-thread-id="h-Voir_aussi"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Voir_aussi"></span>Voir aussi<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Voir_aussi"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2023165" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q2023165">wikidata:Q2023165</a> - Glossaire des dénominations scientifiques sur Wikipédia</li></ul> <p><span id="References"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Références" data-mw-thread-id="h-Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Références"></span>Références<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Références"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190415060334/https://www.fsbio-hannover.de/oftheweek/abbrev.htm">abbrev. sys.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/pages/main/glossary.html">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) - Glossary.</a> Accessed 20 September 2023.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.iczn.org/glossary-2/?frame=1">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature - Glossary.</a> Accessed 20 September 2023.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lpsn.dsmz.de/text/glossary">List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature - Glossary.</a> Accessed 26 October 2023.</li> <li><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Judith_Ellen_Winston" title="Judith Ellen Winston">Winston, J.E.</a></span></span> 1999. <i>Describing Species: Practical Taxonomic Procedure for Biologists</i>. Columbia University Press, New York. xx + 518 pp. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231068253" title="Special:BookSources/9780231068253">ISBN 9780231068253</a> (paperback), <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231068246" title="Special:BookSources/9780231068246">ISBN 9780231068246</a> (hardcover). <a href="/wiki/Template:Winston,_1999" title="Template:Winston, 1999">Reference page</a>. </li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary/fr&oldid=9608391">https://species.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary/fr&oldid=9608391</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikispecies/fr" title="Category:Wikispecies/fr">Wikispecies/fr</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 May 2024, at 15:32.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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