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I know your deeds; you have a reputation of being alive, but you are dead. <a href="/nlt/revelation/3.htm">New Living Translation</a> “Write this letter to the angel of the church in Sardis. This is the message from the one who has the sevenfold Spirit of God and the seven stars: “I know all the things you do, and that you have a reputation for being alive—but you are dead. <a href="/esv/revelation/3.htm">English Standard Version</a> “And to the angel of the church in Sardis write: ‘The words of him who has the seven spirits of God and the seven stars. “‘I know your works. You have the reputation of being alive, but you are dead. <a href="/bsb/revelation/3.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> “To the angel of the church in Sardis write: These are the words of the One who holds the seven spirits of God and the seven stars. I know your deeds; you have a reputation for being alive, yet you are dead. <a href="/blb/revelation/3.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> And to the messenger of the church in Sardis write: These things says the One having the seven Spirits of God and the seven stars. I know your deeds, that you have the characterization that you are alive, and yet you are dead. <a href="/kjv/revelation/3.htm">King James Bible</a> And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven Spirits of God, and the seven stars; I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead. <a href="/nkjv/revelation/3.htm">New King James Version</a> “And to the angel of the church in Sardis write, ‘These things says He who has the seven Spirits of God and the seven stars: “I know your works, that you have a name that you are alive, but you are dead. <a href="/nasb_/revelation/3.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> “To the angel of the church in Sardis write: He who has the seven spirits of God and the seven stars, says this: ‘I know your deeds, that you have a name that you are alive, and yet you are dead. <a href="/nasb/revelation/3.htm">NASB 1995</a> &#8220To the angel of the church in Sardis write: He who has the seven Spirits of God and the seven stars, says this: &#8216I know your deeds, that you have a name that you are alive, but you are dead. <a href="/nasb77/revelation/3.htm">NASB 1977 </a> “And to the angel of the church in Sardis write: He who has the seven Spirits of God, and the seven stars, says this: ‘I know your deeds, that you have a name that you are alive, but you are dead. <a href="/lsb/revelation/3.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> “And to the angel of the church in Sardis write: This is what He who has the seven Spirits of God and the seven stars, says: ‘I know your deeds, that you have a name that you are alive, but you are dead. <a href="/amp/revelation/3.htm">Amplified Bible</a> “To the angel (divine messenger) of the church in Sardis write: These are the words of Him who has the seven Spirits of God and the seven stars: ‘I know your deeds; you have a name (reputation) that you are alive, but [in reality] you are dead. <a href="/csb/revelation/3.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> “Write to the angel of the church in Sardis: Thus says the one who has the seven spirits of God and the seven stars: I know your works; you have a reputation for being alive, but you are dead. <a href="/hcsb/revelation/3.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> &#8220Write to the angel of the church in Sardis: &#8220The One who has the seven spirits of God and the seven stars says: I know your works; you have a reputation for being alive, but you are dead. <a href="/asv/revelation/3.htm">American Standard Version</a> And to the angel of the church in Sardis write: These things saith he that hath the seven Spirits of God, and the seven stars: I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and thou art dead. <a href="/cev/revelation/3.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> This is what you must write to the angel of the church in Sardis: I have the seven spirits of God and the seven stars. Listen to what I say. I know what you are doing. Everyone may think you are alive, but you are dead. <a href="/erv/revelation/3.htm">English Revised Version</a> And to the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven Spirits of God, and the seven stars: I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and thou art dead. <a href="/gwt/revelation/3.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> "To the messenger of the church in Sardis, write: The one who has God's seven spirits and the seven stars says: I know what you have done. You are known for being alive, but you are dead. <a href="/gnt/revelation/3.htm">Good News Translation</a> "To the angel of the church in Sardis write: "This is the message from the one who has the seven spirits of God and the seven stars. I know what you are doing; I know that you have the reputation of being alive, even though you are dead! <a href="/isv/revelation/3.htm">International Standard Version</a> "To the messenger of the church in Sardis, write: 'The one who has the seven spirits of God and the seven stars says this: 'I know what you've been doing. You are known for being alive, but you are dead. <a href="/net/revelation/3.htm">NET Bible</a> "To the angel of the church in Sardis write the following: "This is the solemn pronouncement of the one who holds the seven spirits of God and the seven stars: 'I know your deeds, that you have a reputation that you are alive, but in reality you are dead. <a href="/nheb/revelation/3.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> "And to the angel of the church in Sardis write: "He who has the seven Spirits of God, and the seven stars says these things: "I know your works, that you have a reputation of being alive, but you are dead. <a href="/wbt/revelation/3.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> And to the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven Spirits of God, and the seven stars; I know thy works, that thou hast a name, that thou livest, and art dead. <a href="/wey/revelation/3.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> "To the minister of the Church at Sardis write as follows: "'This is what He who has the seven Spirits of God and the seven stars says. I know your doings--you are supposed to be alive, but in reality you are dead.<div class="vheading2">Majority Text Translations</div><a href="/msb/revelation/3.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> “To the angel of the church in Sardis write: These are the words of the One who holds the seven spirits of God and the seven stars. I know your deeds; you have a reputation for being alive, yet you are dead. <a href="/web/revelation/3.htm">World English Bible</a> “And to the angel of the assembly in Sardis write: “He who has the seven Spirits of God and the seven stars says these things: “I know your works, that you have a reputation of being alive, but you are dead. <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/revelation/3.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> “And to the messenger of the assembly in Sardis write: These things says He who is having the Seven Spirits of God, and the seven stars: I have known your works, and that you have the name that you live, and you are dead; <a href="/blb/revelation/3.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> And to the messenger of the church in Sardis write: These things says the One having the seven Spirits of God and the seven stars. I know your deeds, that you have the characterization that you are alive, and yet you are dead. <a href="/ylt/revelation/3.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> And to the messenger of the assembly in Sardis write: These things saith he who is having the Seven Spirits of God, and the seven stars: I have known thy works, and that thou hast the name that thou dost live, and thou art dead; <a href="/slt/revelation/3.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> And to the messenger of the church in Sardis write: Thus says he having the seven spirits of God, and the seven stars; I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead:<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/revelation/3.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> And to the angel of the church of Sardis, write: These things saith he, that hath the seven spirits of God, and the seven stars: I know thy works, that thou hast the name of being alive: and thou art dead. <a href="/cpdv/revelation/3.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> “And to the Angel of the Church of Sardis write: Thus says he who has the seven spirits of God and the seven stars: I know your works, that you have a name which is alive, but you are dead. <a href="/nabre/revelation/3.htm">New American Bible</a> “To the angel of the church in Sardis, write this: “ ‘The one who has the seven spirits of God and the seven stars says this: “I know your works, that you have the reputation of being alive, but you are dead. <a href="/nrsvce/revelation/3.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> “And to the angel of the church in Sardis write: These are the words of him who has the seven spirits of God and the seven stars: “I know your works; you have a name of being alive, but you are dead.<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/revelation/3.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> AND unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things says he who has the seven Spirits of God, and the seven stars; I know your works; you have a name that you are alive and yet you are dead. <a href="/aramaic-plain-english/revelation/3.htm">Aramaic Bible in Plain English</a> “And to The Messenger who is in the assembly of Sardis write: Thus says he who has The Seven Spirits of God and the seven stars: I know your works and the name that you have, and that you are alive and are dying.”<div class="vheading2">NT Translations</div><a href="/anderson/revelation/3.htm">Anderson New Testament</a> And to the angel of the church in Sardis, write: These things says he that has the seven spirits of God, and the seven stars; I know your works, that you have a name, that you live, and are dead. <a href="/godbey/revelation/3.htm">Godbey New Testament</a> <FR>And to the angel of the church in Sardis write; The one having the seven Spirits of God, and the seven stars, says these things; I know your works, that you have a name that you are living, and are dead.<Fr> <a href="/haweis/revelation/3.htm">Haweis New Testament</a> AND to the angel of the church in Sardis write, These things saith he that hath the seven spirits of God, and the seven stars; I know thy works, and that thou hast a name, as though thou wert alive, yet art dead. <a href="/mace/revelation/3.htm">Mace New Testament</a> And unto the angel of the church in Sardis, write, "THESE things saith he that hath the seven spirits of God and the seven stars; I know thy works, that thou hast the reputation of being alive, but art dead. <a href="/wey/revelation/3.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> "To the minister of the Church at Sardis write as follows: "'This is what He who has the seven Spirits of God and the seven stars says. I know your doings--you are supposed to be alive, but in reality you are dead. <a href="/worrell/revelation/3.htm">Worrell New Testament</a> <FR>"And to the angel of the assembly in Sardis write these things," saith He Who hath the seven Spirits of God and the seven stars: "I know your works, that you have a name that you are living, and you are dead.<Fr> <a href="/worsley/revelation/3.htm">Worsley New Testament</a> <FR>And to the angel of the church in Sardis write, These <Fr>things<FR> saith He that hath the seven spirits of God, and the seven stars; I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead:<Fr> <a href="/parallel/revelation/3-1.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/LJfD7KQcx0I?start=588" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/revelation/3.htm">To the Church in Sardis</a> 1<a href="/greek/2532.htm" title="2532: Kai (Conj) -- And, even, also, namely. ">“</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tō (Art-DMS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">To the</a> <a href="/greek/32.htm" title="32: angelō (N-DMS) -- From aggello; a messenger; especially an angel; by implication, a pastor.">angel</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tēs (Art-GFS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">of the</a> <a href="/greek/1577.htm" title="1577: ekklēsias (N-GFS) -- From a compound of ek and a derivative of kaleo; a calling out, i.e. a popular meeting, especially a religious congregation.">church</a> <a href="/greek/1722.htm" title="1722: en (Prep) -- In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; in, at, on, by, etc.">in</a> <a href="/greek/4554.htm" title="4554: Sardesin (N-DFP) -- Sardis, an ancient city of Lydia in the province of Asia. Plural of uncertain derivation; Sardis, a place in Asia Minor.">Sardis</a> <a href="/greek/1125.htm" title="1125: grapson (V-AMA-2S) -- A primary verb; to grave, especially to write; figuratively, to describe.">write:</a> <a href="/greek/3592.htm" title="3592: Tade (DPro-ANP) -- This here, this, that, he, she, it. ">These are</a> <a href="/greek/3004.htm" title="3004: legei (V-PIA-3S) -- (a) I say, speak; I mean, mention, tell, (b) I call, name, especially in the pass., (c) I tell, command. ">the words</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: ho (Art-NMS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">of the One who</a> <a href="/greek/2192.htm" title="2192: echōn (V-PPA-NMS) -- To have, hold, possess. Including an alternate form scheo skheh'-o; a primary verb; to hold.">holds</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: ta (Art-ANP) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">the</a> <a href="/greek/2033.htm" title="2033: hepta (Adj-ANP) -- Seven. A primary number; seven.">seven</a> <a href="/greek/4151.htm" title="4151: Pneumata (N-ANP) -- Wind, breath, spirit. ">Spirits</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tou (Art-GMS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the."></a> <a href="/greek/2316.htm" title="2316: Theou (N-GMS) -- A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very.">of God</a> <a href="/greek/2532.htm" title="2532: kai (Conj) -- And, even, also, namely. ">and</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tous (Art-AMP) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">the</a> <a href="/greek/2033.htm" title="2033: hepta (Adj-AMP) -- Seven. A primary number; seven.">seven</a> <a href="/greek/792.htm" title="792: asteras (N-AMP) -- A star. Probably from the base of stronnumi; a star, literally or figuratively.">stars.</a> <a href="/greek/1492.htm" title="1492: Oida (V-RIA-1S) -- To know, remember, appreciate. ">I know</a> <a href="/greek/4771.htm" title="4771: sou (PPro-G2S) -- You. The person pronoun of the second person singular; thou.">your</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: ta (Art-ANP) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the."></a> <a href="/greek/2041.htm" title="2041: erga (N-ANP) -- From a primary ergo; toil; by implication, an act.">deeds;</a> <a href="/greek/3754.htm" title="3754: hoti (Conj) -- Neuter of hostis as conjunction; demonstrative, that; causative, because."></a> <a href="/greek/2192.htm" title="2192: echeis (V-PIA-2S) -- To have, hold, possess. Including an alternate form scheo skheh'-o; a primary verb; to hold.">you have</a> <a href="/greek/3686.htm" title="3686: onoma (N-ANS) -- Name, character, fame, reputation. From a presumed derivative of the base of ginosko; a name.">a reputation</a> <a href="/greek/3754.htm" title="3754: hoti (Conj) -- Neuter of hostis as conjunction; demonstrative, that; causative, because.">for</a> <a href="/greek/2198.htm" title="2198: zēs (V-PIA-2S) -- To live, be alive. A primary verb; to live.">being alive,</a> <a href="/greek/2532.htm" title="2532: kai (Conj) -- And, even, also, namely. ">yet</a> <a href="/greek/1510.htm" title="1510: ei (V-PIA-2S) -- I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist.">you are</a> <a href="/greek/3498.htm" title="3498: nekros (Adj-NMS) -- (a) adj: dead, lifeless, subject to death, mortal, (b) noun: a dead body, a corpse. From an apparently primary nekus; dead.">dead.</a> 2Wake up and strengthen what remains, which was about to die; for I have found your deeds incomplete in the sight of My God.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/matthew/23-27.htm">Matthew 23:27</a> Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You are like whitewashed tombs, which look beautiful on the outside but on the inside are full of dead men’s bones and every kind of impurity. <a href="/isaiah/29-13.htm">Isaiah 29:13</a> Therefore the Lord said: “These people draw near to Me with their mouths and honor Me with their lips, but their hearts are far from Me. Their worship of Me is but rules taught by men. <a href="/ezekiel/37-1.htm">Ezekiel 37:1-14</a> The hand of the LORD was upon me, and He brought me out by His Spirit and set me down in the middle of the valley, and it was full of bones. / He led me all around among them, and I saw a great many bones on the floor of the valley, and indeed, they were very dry. / Then He asked me, “Son of man, can these bones come to life?” “O Lord GOD,” I replied, “only You know.” ... <a href="/james/2-17.htm">James 2:17</a> So too, faith by itself, if it does not result in action, is dead. <a href="/1_samuel/16-7.htm">1 Samuel 16:7</a> But the LORD said to Samuel, “Do not consider his appearance or height, for I have rejected him; the LORD does not see as man does. For man sees the outward appearance, but the LORD sees the heart.” <a href="/matthew/7-21.htm">Matthew 7:21-23</a> Not everyone who says to Me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only he who does the will of My Father in heaven. / Many will say to Me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and in Your name drive out demons and perform many miracles?’ / Then I will tell them plainly, ‘I never knew you; depart from Me, you workers of lawlessness!’ <a href="/2_timothy/3-5.htm">2 Timothy 3:5</a> having a form of godliness but denying its power. Turn away from such as these! <a href="/isaiah/1-11.htm">Isaiah 1:11-15</a> “What good to Me is your multitude of sacrifices?” says the LORD. “I am full from the burnt offerings of rams and the fat of well-fed cattle; I take no delight in the blood of bulls and lambs and goats. / When you come to appear before Me, who has required this of you—this trampling of My courts? / Bring your worthless offerings no more; your incense is detestable to Me. New Moons, Sabbaths, and convocations—I cannot endure iniquity in a solemn assembly. ... <a href="/matthew/15-8.htm">Matthew 15:8</a> ‘These people honor Me with their lips, but their hearts are far from Me. <a href="/ezekiel/33-31.htm">Ezekiel 33:31</a> So My people come to you as usual, sit before you, and hear your words; but they do not put them into practice. Although they express love with their mouths, their hearts pursue dishonest gain. <a href="/1_john/3-18.htm">1 John 3:18</a> Little children, let us love not in word and speech, but in action and truth. <a href="/jeremiah/7-9.htm">Jeremiah 7:9-11</a> Will you steal and murder, commit adultery and perjury, burn incense to Baal, and follow other gods that you have not known, / and then come and stand before Me in this house, which bears My Name, and say, ‘We are delivered, so we can continue with all these abominations’? / Has this house, which bears My Name, become a den of robbers in your sight? Yes, I too have seen it, declares the LORD. <a href="/matthew/5-20.htm">Matthew 5:20</a> For I tell you that unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven. <a href="/amos/5-21.htm">Amos 5:21-24</a> “I hate, I despise your feasts! I cannot stand the stench of your solemn assemblies. / Even though you offer Me burnt offerings and grain offerings, I will not accept them; for your peace offerings of fattened cattle I will have no regard. / Take away from Me the noise of your songs! I will not listen to the music of your harps. ... <a href="/romans/2-28.htm">Romans 2:28-29</a> A man is not a Jew because he is one outwardly, nor is circumcision only outward and physical. / No, a man is a Jew because he is one inwardly, and circumcision is a matter of the heart, by the Spirit, not by the written code. Such a man’s praise does not come from men, but from God.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>And to the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things said he that has the seven Spirits of God, and the seven stars; I know your works, that you have a name that you live, and are dead.unto.<a href="/revelation/1-11.htm">Revelation 1:11,20</a> Saying, I am Alpha and Omega, the first and the last: and, What thou seest, write in a book, and send it unto the seven churches which are in Asia; unto Ephesus, and unto Smyrna, and unto Pergamos, and unto Thyatira, and unto Sardis, and unto Philadelphia, and unto Laodicea… he that.<a href="/revelation/1-4.htm">Revelation 1:4</a> John to the seven churches which are in Asia: Grace be unto you, and peace, from him which is, and which was, and which is to come; and from the seven Spirits which are before his throne;<a href="/revelation/4-5.htm">Revelation 4:5</a> And out of the throne proceeded lightnings and thunderings and voices: and there were seven lamps of fire burning before the throne, which are the seven Spirits of God.<a href="/revelation/5-6.htm">Revelation 5:6</a> And I beheld, and, lo, in the midst of the throne and of the four beasts, and in the midst of the elders, stood a Lamb as it had been slain, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God sent forth into all the earth.and the.<a href="/revelation/1-16.htm">Revelation 1:16,20</a> And he had in his right hand seven stars: and out of his mouth went a sharp twoedged sword: and his countenance was as the sun shineth in his strength… <a href="/revelation/2-1.htm">Revelation 2:1</a> Unto the angel of the church of Ephesus write; These things saith he that holdeth the seven stars in his right hand, who walketh in the midst of the seven golden candlesticks;I know.<a href="/revelation/2-2.htm">Revelation 2:2,9,13,19</a> I know thy works, and thy labour, and thy patience, and how thou canst not bear them which are evil: and thou hast tried them which say they are apostles, and are not, and hast found them liars: … and art.<a href="/luke/15-24.htm">Luke 15:24,32</a> For this my son was dead, and is alive again; he was lost, and is found. And they began to be merry… <a href="/ephesians/2-1.htm">Ephesians 2:1,5</a> And you hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins; … <a href="/colossians/2-13.htm">Colossians 2:13</a> And you, being dead in your sins and the uncircumcision of your flesh, hath he quickened together with him, having forgiven you all trespasses;<div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/revelation/2-8.htm">Alive</a> <a href="/revelation/2-18.htm">Angel</a> <a href="/revelation/2-18.htm">Assembly</a> <a href="/revelation/2-18.htm">Church</a> <a href="/revelation/2-23.htm">Dead</a> <a href="/revelation/2-26.htm">Deeds</a> <a href="/revelation/2-22.htm">Doings</a> <a href="/revelation/2-18.htm">Follows</a> <a href="/revelation/2-1.htm">Holds</a> <a href="/genesis/46-30.htm">Livest</a> <a href="/revelation/2-18.htm">Messenger</a> <a href="/revelation/2-18.htm">Minister</a> <a href="/1_timothy/5-10.htm">Reputation</a> <a href="/revelation/1-11.htm">Sardis</a> <a href="/james/4-5.htm">Seem</a> <a href="/revelation/2-1.htm">Seven</a> <a href="/revelation/1-4.htm">Spirits</a> <a href="/revelation/2-1.htm">Stars</a> <a href="/philippians/2-25.htm">Supposed</a> <a href="/revelation/2-18.htm">Words</a> <a href="/revelation/2-26.htm">Works</a> <a href="/revelation/2-18.htm">Write</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/revelation/19-20.htm">Alive</a> <a href="/revelation/3-7.htm">Angel</a> <a href="/revelation/3-7.htm">Assembly</a> <a href="/revelation/3-7.htm">Church</a> <a href="/revelation/11-8.htm">Dead</a> <a href="/revelation/3-2.htm">Deeds</a> <a href="/revelation/3-2.htm">Doings</a> <a href="/revelation/3-7.htm">Follows</a> <a href="/revelation/3-7.htm">Holds</a> <a href="/genesis/46-30.htm">Livest</a> <a href="/revelation/3-14.htm">Messenger</a> <a href="/revelation/3-7.htm">Minister</a> <a href="/esther/9-4.htm">Reputation</a> <a href="/revelation/3-4.htm">Sardis</a> <a href="/genesis/18-21.htm">Seem</a> <a href="/revelation/4-5.htm">Seven</a> <a href="/revelation/4-5.htm">Spirits</a> <a href="/revelation/6-13.htm">Stars</a> <a href="/matthew/20-10.htm">Supposed</a> <a href="/revelation/3-7.htm">Words</a> <a href="/revelation/3-2.htm">Works</a> <a href="/revelation/3-7.htm">Write</a><div class="vheading2">Revelation 3</div>1. <a href="/revelation/3-1.htm">The angel of the church of Sardis is reproved and exhorted to repent.</a> 37. <a href="/revelation/3-7.htm">The angel of the church of Philadelphia is approved for his diligence and patience;</a> 14. <a href="/revelation/3-14.htm">the angel of Laodicea rebuked for being neither hot nor cold.</a> 20. <a href="/revelation/3-20.htm">Christ stands at the door and knocks.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/revelation/3.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/revelation/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/revelation/3.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div>To the angel of the church in Sardis write: The term "angel" here is often interpreted as the messenger or leader of the church, possibly the pastor or bishop. Sardis was a wealthy city in Asia Minor, known for its luxury and complacency. It was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Lydia and had a reputation for being impregnable due to its strategic location on a hill. However, it was twice captured due to negligence, which parallels the spiritual complacency addressed in this letter.These are the words of the One who holds the seven spirits of God and the seven stars: The "One" refers to Jesus Christ, emphasizing His divine authority and omniscience. The "seven spirits of God" symbolize the fullness and perfection of the Holy Spirit, as seen in <a href="/isaiah/11-2.htm">Isaiah 11:2</a>, which describes the Spirit's attributes. The "seven stars" represent the angels or leaders of the seven churches, as explained in <a href="/revelation/1-20.htm">Revelation 1:20</a>, indicating Christ's sovereign control and care over His church.I know your deeds; This phrase underscores Christ's omniscience and His intimate knowledge of the church's actions. It echoes the message to other churches in Revelation, where Christ assesses their works, both good and bad. This knowledge is not just of outward actions but also of the heart's intentions, as seen in <a href="/1_samuel/16-7.htm">1 Samuel 16:7</a>.you have a reputation for being alive, The church in Sardis was known for its outward appearance of vitality and activity. This reputation might have been due to its size, wealth, or influence. However, this external perception did not match the internal reality. This serves as a warning against hypocrisy and the danger of relying on past achievements or appearances, similar to the Pharisees criticized by Jesus in <a href="/matthew/23-27.htm">Matthew 23:27</a>.yet you are dead. Despite its reputation, the church was spiritually lifeless. This stark contrast highlights the danger of spiritual complacency and the need for genuine faith and repentance. The church's condition is reminiscent of the warning in <a href="/james/2-17.htm">James 2:17</a> that faith without works is dead. It calls for self-examination and revival, urging believers to seek true spiritual life through Christ.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/t/the_angel_of_the_church_in_sardis.htm">The Angel of the Church in Sardis</a> The "angel" refers to the messenger or leader of the church in Sardis, a city known for its wealth and historical significance in Asia Minor. 2. <a href="/topical/t/the_church_in_sardis.htm">The Church in Sardis</a> This is one of the seven churches addressed in the Book of Revelation. Sardis was a city with a rich history but had a church that was spiritually complacent. 3. <a href="/topical/h/him_who_holds_the_seven_spirits_of_god_and_the_seven_stars.htm">Him who holds the seven spirits of God and the seven stars</a> This refers to Jesus Christ, who possesses the fullness of the Holy Spirit (the seven spirits) and authority over the churches (the seven stars). 4. <a href="/topical/s/seven_spirits_of_god.htm">Seven Spirits of God</a> Symbolic of the complete and perfect Spirit of God, representing the fullness of the Holy Spirit. 5. <a href="/topical/s/seven_stars.htm">Seven Stars</a> These represent the angels or leaders of the seven churches, indicating Christ's authority and care over them.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/s/spiritual_vigilance.htm">Spiritual Vigilance</a> The church in Sardis had a reputation for being alive but was spiritually dead. Believers must remain vigilant in their faith, ensuring that their spiritual life is genuine and not just a facade. <a href="/topical/t/the_importance_of_deeds.htm">The Importance of Deeds</a> Christ knows our deeds, and they should reflect our faith. It is crucial to align our actions with our beliefs, demonstrating a living faith. <a href="/topical/c/christ's_authority_and_care.htm">Christ's Authority and Care</a> Jesus holds the seven stars and the seven spirits, indicating His authority and intimate care for the church. Believers can find comfort in His sovereign oversight. <a href="/topical/t/the_danger_of_complacency.htm">The Danger of Complacency</a> The church in Sardis serves as a warning against spiritual complacency. Continuous growth and renewal in faith are necessary to avoid spiritual death. <a href="/topical/t/the_role_of_the_holy_spirit.htm">The Role of the Holy Spirit</a> The seven spirits of God emphasize the need for the Holy Spirit's work in our lives to maintain spiritual vitality and discernment.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_revelation_3.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Revelation 3</a> <a href="/q/message_to_sardis_church.htm">What is the message to the church in Sardis?</a> <a href="/q/what_was_sardis_church's_message.htm">What message was given to the Church in Sardis?</a> <a href="/q/what_is_prophetic_worship.htm">What defines prophetic worship in religious practices?</a> <a href="/q/who_or_what_is_the_antichrist.htm">Who or what is the Antichrist?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/revelation/3.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>III.(1) Sardis.--The modern Sart--now a mere village of paltry huts--once the capital of the old Lydian monarchy, and associated with the names of Cr?sus, Cyrus, and Alexander. It was the great entrepot of dyed woollen fabrics, the sheep of "many-flocked" Phrygia supplying the raw material. The art of dyeing is said to have been invented here; and many-coloured carpets or mats found in the houses of the wealthy were manufactured here. The metal known as electrum, a kind of bronze, was the produce of Sardis; and in early times gold-dust was found in the sand of the Pactolus, the little stream which passed through the Agora of Sardis, and washed the walls of the Temple of Cybele. It is said that gold and silver coins were first, minted at Sardis, and that resident merchants first became a class there. An earthquake laid it waste in the reign of Tiberius; a pestilence followed, but the city seems to have recovered its prosperity before the date of this epistle. The worship of Cybele was the prevailing one; its rites, like those of Dionysos and Aphrodite, encouraged impurity.The writer is described in words similar to those in <a href="/revelation/1-4.htm" title="John to the seven churches which are in Asia: Grace be to you, and peace, from him which is, and which was, and which is to come; and from the seven Spirits which are before his throne;">Revelation 1:4</a>, as the one who hath the seven spirits of God, and the seven stars; but there is a difference. There Christ was seen holding the stars in His right hand; here it is said He hath the seven Spirits and also the seven stars. In this language it is difficult to overlook the unhesitating way in which Christ is spoken of as owning or possessing that Holy Spirit who alone can make angels of His Church to shine as stars. The Holy Spirit is the Spirit of Christ (<a href="/romans/8-9.htm" title="But you are not in the flesh, but in the Spirit, if so be that the Spirit of God dwell in you. Now if any man have not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of his.">Romans 8:9</a>; <a href="/romans/8-11.htm" title="But if the Spirit of him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you, he that raised up Christ from the dead shall also quicken your mortal bodies by his Spirit that dwells in you.">Romans 8:11</a>). His promise is, "I will send the Comforter unto you" (<a href="/john/15-26.htm" title="But when the Comforter is come, whom I will send to you from the Father, even the Spirit of truth, which proceeds from the Father, he shall testify of me:">John 15:26</a>), as possessing all power in heaven and earth. "He is able," to use the language of Professor Plumptre, "to bring together the gifts of life, and the ministry for which those gifts are needed. If those who minister are without gifts; it is because they have not asked for them." This the angel of the Sardian Church had not done; his faith and the faith of the Church around him had sunk into a superficial, though perhaps ostentatious, state. Here, then, lies the appropriateness of the description given of Christ, as the source of life and light to His Church.A name that thou livest.--It is only needful to mention, and to dismiss the fanciful conjecture, that the name of the angel was Zosimos, or some parallel name, signifying life-bearing or living. It is the reputation for piety possessed by the Church of Sardis which is referred to. Living with the credit of superior piety, it was easy to grow satisfied with the reputation, and to forget to keep open the channels through which grace and life could flow, and to fail to realise that the adoption of habits of life higher than those around them, or those who lived before them, was no guarantee of real spiritual life; for "the real virtues of one age become the spurious ones of the next . . . The belief of the Pharisees, the religious practice of the Pharisees, was an improvement upon the life of the sensual and idolatrous Jews whom the prophets denounced. But those who used both the doctrinal and moral improvements as the fulcrum of a selfish power and earthly rank, were the same men after all as their fathers, only accommodated to a new age" (Mozley). Self-satisfaction, which springs up when a certain reputation has been acquired, is the very road to self-deception. The remedy is progress--forgetting the things behind, lest looking with complacency upon the past, moral and spiritual stagnation should set in, and spiritual death should follow. . . . <div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/revelation/3.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verses 1-6. - The epistle to the Church at Sardis. This Church is one of the two which receives unmixed reproof. Smyrna and Philadelphia receive no blame; Sardis and Laodicea receive no praise. Sardis lies almost due south of Thyatira, on the road to Philadelphia, between the river Hermus and Mount Tmolus. It had been in turn Lydian, Persian, Greek, and Roman, and, like its last Lydian king, Croesus, had been celebrated for its wealth. The auriferous stream Pactolus, in summer almost dry, flowed through its marketplace; but its chief source of wealth was its trade. In A.D. "twelve famous cities of Asia fell by an earthquake in the night... The calamity fell most heavily on the people of Sardis, and it attracted to them the largest share of sympathy. The emperor [Tiberius] promised ten million sesterces (£85,000), and remitted for five years all they paid to the exchequer" (Tac., 'Ann.,' 2:47). A little later Sardis was one of the cities of Asia which claimed the honour of erecting a temple in honour of Tiberius, but the preference was given to Smyrna ('Ann.,' 4:55, 56). Of the inscriptions which have been,discovered at Sardis, nearly all are of the Roman period. Cybele, or Cybebe, was the chief divinity of Sardis; but no reference to this nor to any of the special features of the city can be traced in the epistle. In the second century, Melito, Bishop of Sardis, held a very prominent place among Asiatic Christians, both in personal influence and in literary work. Among his numerous writings was one on the Apocalypse of St. John. The prosporous and luxurious capital of Lydia is now represented by a few huts and a collection of ruins buried deep in rubbish. It still retains its ancient name in the form Sart. The Church in Sardis has no Nicolaitans, no Balaam, no Jezebel. But there is worse evil than the presence of what is morally and doctrinally corrupt. The numbness of spiritual torpor and death is more hopeless than unwise toleration. The Church in Sardis, scarcely out of its infancy, has already the signs of an effete and moribund faith; and it is possible that this deadness was a result of the absence of internal enemies. Verse 1. - He that hath the seven Spirits of God (see notes on Revelation 1:4, 16, 20; but observe that this designation of Christ does not occur in the opening vision). In <a href="/revelation/5-6.htm">Revelation 5:6</a> the Lamb is seen "having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God." The seven Spirits being the Holy Spirit in his sevenfold activity, it is manifest (as Trench observes) that this passage is of importance in reference to the doctrine of the double procession. The Son hath the Spirit, not as One who receives it from the Father, but as One who can impart it to men. As man he received it; as God he gives it. And a Church sunk in spiritual deadness specially needs such a gift. Hence the repetition about having the seven stars, which appears also in the address to the Church in Ephesus (<a href="/revelation/2-1.htm">Revelation 2:1</a>). Note, however, that here we have ἔχων for κράτῶν, which would not have been appropriate to express the Son's possession of the Spirit. It is he who holds in his hand the angels of the Church that also has the Spirit wherewith to quicken them. Those that are alive owe their life and growth to him. Those that are dying or dead may be restored to life by him. Thou hast a name that thou livest, and thou art dead. This, again, is thoroughly in the style of the Fourth Gospel. St. John frequently states some gracious fact, and in immediate sequence gives the very opposite of what might have been expected to result from it. "Thou hast a reputation for life, and (instead of being full of vigour and growth) thou art a corpse." This has been called "the tragic tone" in St. John (comp. <a href="/john/1-5.htm">John 1:5, 10, 11</a>; <a href="/john/3-11.htm">John 3:11, 19, 32</a>; <a href="/john/5-39.htm">John 5:39, 40</a>; <a href="/john/6-36.htm">John 6:36, 43</a>, etc.). In all these cases the contrast is introduced by a simple καί, which may be rendered "and yet;" but the simple "and" is more forcible. Beware of the unworthy literalism which suggests that the Bishop of Sardis bore a name which implied life, e.g. Zosimus, or Vitalis. As already stated (notes on Revelation 1:20), it is improbable that "the angel" means the bishop. And in any case "name" is here used in the common sense of character or reputation. Comp. Herod., 7:138, where the historian says that Xerxes' expedition had the name (οὔνομα εῖχε) of being directed against Athens, but was really a menace to the whole of Greece. We have very similar uses of ὄνομα in <a href="/mark/9-41.htm">Mark 9:41</a> and <a href="/1_peter/4-16.htm">1 Peter 4:16</a>. The Church in Sardis had a name for Christianity, but there was no Christianity in it. <a href="/commentaries/revelation/3-1.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Greek</div>To the τῷ (tō) Article - Dative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. angel ἀγγέλῳ (angelō) Noun - Dative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_32.htm">Strong's 32: </a> From aggello; a messenger; especially an 'angel'; by implication, a pastor. of the τῆς (tēs) Article - Genitive Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. church ἐκκλησίας (ekklēsias) Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_1577.htm">Strong's 1577: </a> From a compound of ek and a derivative of kaleo; a calling out, i.e. a popular meeting, especially a religious congregation. in ἐν (en) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_1722.htm">Strong's 1722: </a> In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; 'in, ' at, on, by, etc. Sardis Σάρδεσιν (Sardesin) Noun - Dative Feminine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_4554.htm">Strong's 4554: </a> Sardis, an ancient city of Lydia in the province of Asia. Plural of uncertain derivation; Sardis, a place in Asia Minor. write: γράψον (grapson) Verb - Aorist Imperative Active - 2nd Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_1125.htm">Strong's 1125: </a> A primary verb; to 'grave', especially to write; figuratively, to describe. These [are] Τάδε (Tade) Demonstrative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3592.htm">Strong's 3592: </a> This here, this, that, he, she, it. the words λέγει (legei) Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3004.htm">Strong's 3004: </a> (a) I say, speak; I mean, mention, tell, (b) I call, name, especially in the pass., (c) I tell, command. of the [One who] ὁ (ho) Article - Nominative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. holds ἔχων (echōn) Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2192.htm">Strong's 2192: </a> To have, hold, possess. Including an alternate form scheo skheh'-o; a primary verb; to hold. the τὰ (ta) Article - Accusative Neuter Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. sevenfold ἑπτὰ (hepta) Adjective - Accusative Neuter Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_2033.htm">Strong's 2033: </a> Seven. A primary number; seven. Spirit Πνεύματα (Pneumata) Noun - Accusative Neuter Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_4151.htm">Strong's 4151: </a> Wind, breath, spirit. of God Θεοῦ (Theou) Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2316.htm">Strong's 2316: </a> A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very. and καὶ (kai) Conjunction <a href="/greek/strongs_2532.htm">Strong's 2532: </a> And, even, also, namely. the τοὺς (tous) Article - Accusative Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. seven ἑπτὰ (hepta) Adjective - Accusative Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_2033.htm">Strong's 2033: </a> Seven. A primary number; seven. stars. ἀστέρας (asteras) Noun - Accusative Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_792.htm">Strong's 792: </a> A star. Probably from the base of stronnumi; a star, literally or figuratively. I know Οἶδά (Oida) Verb - Perfect Indicative Active - 1st Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_1492.htm">Strong's 1492: </a> To know, remember, appreciate. your σου (sou) Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 2nd Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_4771.htm">Strong's 4771: </a> You. The person pronoun of the second person singular; thou. deeds; ἔργα (erga) Noun - Accusative Neuter Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_2041.htm">Strong's 2041: </a> From a primary ergo; toil; by implication, an act. you have ἔχεις (echeis) Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2192.htm">Strong's 2192: </a> To have, hold, possess. Including an alternate form scheo skheh'-o; a primary verb; to hold. [a] reputation ὄνομα (onoma) Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3686.htm">Strong's 3686: </a> Name, character, fame, reputation. From a presumed derivative of the base of ginosko; a 'name'. for ὅτι (hoti) Conjunction <a href="/greek/strongs_3754.htm">Strong's 3754: </a> Neuter of hostis as conjunction; demonstrative, that; causative, because. being alive, ζῇς (zēs) Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2198.htm">Strong's 2198: </a> To live, be alive. A primary verb; to live. yet καὶ (kai) Conjunction <a href="/greek/strongs_2532.htm">Strong's 2532: </a> And, even, also, namely. you are εἶ (ei) Verb - Present Indicative Active - 2nd Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_1510.htm">Strong's 1510: </a> I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist. dead. νεκρὸς (nekros) Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3498.htm">Strong's 3498: </a> (a) adj: dead, lifeless, subject to death, mortal, (b) noun: a dead body, a corpse. From an apparently primary nekus; dead. <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/revelation/3-1.htm">Revelation 3:1 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/revelation/3-1.htm">Revelation 3:1 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/revelation/3-1.htm">Revelation 3:1 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/revelation/3-1.htm">Revelation 3:1 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/revelation/3-1.htm">Revelation 3:1 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/revelation/3-1.htm">Revelation 3:1 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/revelation/3-1.htm">Revelation 3:1 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/revelation/3-1.htm">Revelation 3:1 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/revelation/3-1.htm">Revelation 3:1 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/revelation/3-1.htm">Revelation 3:1 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/revelation/3-1.htm">NT Prophecy: Revelation 3:1 And to the angel of the assembly (Rev. 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