CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Exemplar Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="AkF3NABFfVJHXEtq9q/vDGR43yUs/7hZrLupUhd8FTFFfi0LBSuRWs9aXn/k5JeRo4sdQWktP5WAsEk9IZcXEA==" /> <link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View Exemplar Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '92477ec68c09d28ae4730a4143c926f074776319'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":15276,"monthly_visitors":"113 million","monthly_visitor_count":113458213,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":113,"user_count":277566702,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732837442000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732837442000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-bdb9e8c097f01e611f2fc5e2f1a9dc599beede975e2ae5629983543a1726e947.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-bae13f9b51961d5f1e06008e39e31d0138cb31332e8c2e874c6d6a250ec2bb14.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-19a25d160d01bde427443d06cd6b810c4c92c6026e7cb31519e06313eb24ed90.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Exemplar</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">10 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Most downloaded papers in <b>Exemplar</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Exemplar">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33075492" data-work_id="33075492" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33075492/_The_Rise_of_the_Sage_in_Greek_and_Jewish_Antiquity_Journal_for_the_Study_of_Judaism_49_1_2018_1_29">"The Rise of the Sage in Greek and Jewish Antiquity," Journal for the Study of Judaism 49/1 (2018): 1-29.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article explores the emergence of the sage as an exemplar in Greek and Jewish antiquity. Greek philosophical writings and Jewish literary accounts are analysed, the latter including texts written in both Hebrew and Greek. The Greek... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33075492" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article explores the emergence of the sage as an exemplar in Greek and Jewish <br />antiquity. Greek philosophical writings and Jewish literary accounts are analysed, the <br />latter including texts written in both Hebrew and Greek. The Greek and Jewish sources <br />are compared in order to highlight (dis)similarities between them. It will be argued <br />that the conception of the sage as an idealized figure and object of emulation originates <br />from the classical Greek world, but it becomes integrated into the Jewish discourse <br />on wisdom and good life in the later Hellenistic period. In spite of this shared <br />element, the portrayals of the sage vary regarding the amount of concreteness and the <br />discursive strategies in which his exemplarity is constructed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33075492" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c8c28092153f15a0621dd64692dcd350" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55474415,"asset_id":33075492,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55474415/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNzQ0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="695298" href="https://au.academia.edu/ElisaUusim%C3%A4ki">Elisa Uusimäki</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="695298" type="text/json">{"id":695298,"first_name":"Elisa","last_name":"Uusimäki","domain_name":"au","page_name":"ElisaUusimäki","display_name":"Elisa Uusimäki","profile_url":"https://au.academia.edu/ElisaUusim%C3%A4ki?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/695298/700617/22756001/s65_elisa.uusim_ki.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33075492 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33075492"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33075492, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33075492", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33075492 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33075492; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33075492"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33075492 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33075492"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33075492; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33075492]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33075492").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33075492").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33075492"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4457" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Judaism_2nd_Temple_Greco-Roman_">Early Judaism (2nd Temple, Greco-Roman)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4457" type="text/json">{"id":4457,"name":"Early Judaism (2nd Temple, Greco-Roman)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Judaism_2nd_Temple_Greco-Roman_?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7674" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wisdom">Wisdom</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7674" type="text/json">{"id":7674,"name":"Wisdom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wisdom?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9755" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Temple_Judaism">Second Temple Judaism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9755" type="text/json">{"id":9755,"name":"Second Temple Judaism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Temple_Judaism?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17382" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wisdom_Traditions">Wisdom Traditions</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17382" type="text/json">{"id":17382,"name":"Wisdom Traditions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wisdom_Traditions?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33075492]'), work: {"id":33075492,"title":"\"The Rise of the Sage in Greek and Jewish Antiquity,\" Journal for the Study of Judaism 49/1 (2018): 1-29.","created_at":"2017-05-18T06:34:30.202-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33075492/_The_Rise_of_the_Sage_in_Greek_and_Jewish_Antiquity_Journal_for_the_Study_of_Judaism_49_1_2018_1_29?f_ri=210893","dom_id":"work_33075492","summary":"This article explores the emergence of the sage as an exemplar in Greek and Jewish\r\nantiquity. Greek philosophical writings and Jewish literary accounts are analysed, the\r\nlatter including texts written in both Hebrew and Greek. The Greek and Jewish sources\r\nare compared in order to highlight (dis)similarities between them. It will be argued\r\nthat the conception of the sage as an idealized figure and object of emulation originates\r\nfrom the classical Greek world, but it becomes integrated into the Jewish discourse\r\non wisdom and good life in the later Hellenistic period. In spite of this shared\r\nelement, the portrayals of the sage vary regarding the amount of concreteness and the\r\ndiscursive strategies in which his exemplarity is constructed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55474415,"asset_id":33075492,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":695298,"first_name":"Elisa","last_name":"Uusimäki","domain_name":"au","page_name":"ElisaUusimäki","display_name":"Elisa Uusimäki","profile_url":"https://au.academia.edu/ElisaUusim%C3%A4ki?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/695298/700617/22756001/s65_elisa.uusim_ki.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4457,"name":"Early Judaism (2nd Temple, Greco-Roman)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Judaism_2nd_Temple_Greco-Roman_?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":7674,"name":"Wisdom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wisdom?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":9755,"name":"Second Temple Judaism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Temple_Judaism?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":17382,"name":"Wisdom Traditions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wisdom_Traditions?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":25198,"name":"Ancient Greek Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Philosophy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":32809,"name":"Wisdom Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wisdom_Literature?f_ri=210893"},{"id":39429,"name":"Hellenistic Judaism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_Judaism?f_ri=210893"},{"id":40685,"name":"Ancient Greece","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greece?f_ri=210893"},{"id":110628,"name":"Hellenistic culture and society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_culture_and_society?f_ri=210893"},{"id":118997,"name":"Greco-Roman World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greco-Roman_World?f_ri=210893"},{"id":154848,"name":"Emulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emulation?f_ri=210893"},{"id":210893,"name":"Exemplar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar?f_ri=210893"},{"id":303006,"name":"Exemplarity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplarity?f_ri=210893"},{"id":386123,"name":"Philosopher","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosopher?f_ri=210893"},{"id":955374,"name":"Sages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sages?f_ri=210893"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36347654" data-work_id="36347654" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36347654/Can_Aristotles_Virtue_Ethics_Provide_Explicit_Moral_Action_Guidance">Can Aristotle's Virtue Ethics Provide Explicit Moral Action Guidance?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper focuses on one of the major criticisms made to Aristotle's virtue ethics, namely that it lacks explicit moral action guidance. The same criticism has been addressed to later developments of virtue ethics. There have been... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36347654" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper focuses on one of the major criticisms made to Aristotle's virtue ethics, namely that it lacks explicit moral action guidance. The same criticism has been addressed to later developments of virtue ethics. There have been several attempts to overcome this objection and to demonstrate that modern theories of virtue ethics do provide principles of right action. In this paper, I discuss mainly two such major attempts: the exemplarist approach and the virtue rules approach. My aim is to examine whether, if applied to Aristotle’s virtue ethics, these two approaches can provide a convincing answer to the criticism that Aristotle’s ethics does not offer explicit moral action guidance .</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36347654" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="964769bdc76d1dee6346452d0af9c469" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56256026,"asset_id":36347654,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56256026/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNzQ0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="55917132" href="https://edinburgh.academia.edu/AlkisKotsonis">Alkis Kotsonis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="55917132" type="text/json">{"id":55917132,"first_name":"Alkis","last_name":"Kotsonis","domain_name":"edinburgh","page_name":"AlkisKotsonis","display_name":"Alkis Kotsonis","profile_url":"https://edinburgh.academia.edu/AlkisKotsonis?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/55917132/14723670/15543757/s65_alkis.kotsonis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36347654 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36347654"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36347654, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36347654", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36347654 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36347654; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36347654"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36347654 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36347654"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36347654; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36347654]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36347654").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36347654").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36347654"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">148</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="818" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Action">Philosophy of Action</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="818" type="text/json">{"id":818,"name":"Philosophy of Action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Action?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="907" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Psychology">Moral Psychology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="907" type="text/json">{"id":907,"name":"Moral Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Psychology?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36347654]'), work: {"id":36347654,"title":"Can Aristotle's Virtue Ethics Provide Explicit Moral Action Guidance?","created_at":"2018-04-06T09:53:04.123-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36347654/Can_Aristotles_Virtue_Ethics_Provide_Explicit_Moral_Action_Guidance?f_ri=210893","dom_id":"work_36347654","summary":"This paper focuses on one of the major criticisms made to Aristotle's virtue ethics, namely that it lacks explicit moral action guidance. The same criticism has been addressed to later developments of virtue ethics. There have been several attempts to overcome this objection and to demonstrate that modern theories of virtue ethics do provide principles of right action. In this paper, I discuss mainly two such major attempts: the exemplarist approach and the virtue rules approach. My aim is to examine whether, if applied to Aristotle’s virtue ethics, these two approaches can provide a convincing answer to the criticism that Aristotle’s ethics does not offer explicit moral action guidance . ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56256026,"asset_id":36347654,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":55917132,"first_name":"Alkis","last_name":"Kotsonis","domain_name":"edinburgh","page_name":"AlkisKotsonis","display_name":"Alkis Kotsonis","profile_url":"https://edinburgh.academia.edu/AlkisKotsonis?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/55917132/14723670/15543757/s65_alkis.kotsonis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":818,"name":"Philosophy of Action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Action?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":907,"name":"Moral Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Psychology?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":936,"name":"History of Analytic Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Analytic_Philosophy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":2019,"name":"Aristotle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotle?f_ri=210893"},{"id":2559,"name":"Philosophy of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Education?f_ri=210893"},{"id":3468,"name":"Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=210893"},{"id":5117,"name":"Character Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Character_Education?f_ri=210893"},{"id":6545,"name":"Virtues (Moral Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtues_Moral_Psychology_?f_ri=210893"},{"id":8142,"name":"Greek Virtues \u0026 Emotions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Virtues_and_Emotions?f_ri=210893"},{"id":9465,"name":"Philosophy of History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_History?f_ri=210893"},{"id":9795,"name":"Personal and Moral Autonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personal_and_Moral_Autonomy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":10428,"name":"Value Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Value_Theory?f_ri=210893"},{"id":10810,"name":"Ethical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Theory?f_ri=210893"},{"id":12551,"name":"Alasdair MacIntyre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alasdair_MacIntyre?f_ri=210893"},{"id":12890,"name":"Moral Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Development?f_ri=210893"},{"id":14248,"name":"Practical Reasoning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Practical_Reasoning?f_ri=210893"},{"id":15339,"name":"Modern Aristotelianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Aristotelianism?f_ri=210893"},{"id":17178,"name":"Ancient Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Philosophy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":18373,"name":"Moral Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Philosophy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":18375,"name":"Virtues and Vices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtues_and_Vices?f_ri=210893"},{"id":18900,"name":"Philosophy of Love","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Love?f_ri=210893"},{"id":19254,"name":"Moral Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Education?f_ri=210893"},{"id":19723,"name":"Value theory (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Value_theory_Philosophy_?f_ri=210893"},{"id":20218,"name":"History of Moral Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Moral_Philosophy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":20994,"name":"Aristotle's Commentators","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotles_Commentators?f_ri=210893"},{"id":21281,"name":"Moral emotions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_emotions?f_ri=210893"},{"id":22143,"name":"Aristotelianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotelianism?f_ri=210893"},{"id":23399,"name":"Reasons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reasons?f_ri=210893"},{"id":25045,"name":"Ancient Greek ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_ethics?f_ri=210893"},{"id":25095,"name":"Contemporary Aristotelianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Aristotelianism?f_ri=210893"},{"id":25198,"name":"Ancient Greek Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Philosophy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":25841,"name":"John McDowell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/John_McDowell?f_ri=210893"},{"id":28383,"name":"Aristotle's Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotles_Ethics?f_ri=210893"},{"id":33855,"name":"Moral and Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_and_Political_Philosophy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":38034,"name":"Practical Reasons and Rationality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Practical_Reasons_and_Rationality?f_ri=210893"},{"id":40561,"name":"Ethical decision making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_decision_making?f_ri=210893"},{"id":40685,"name":"Ancient Greece","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greece?f_ri=210893"},{"id":45950,"name":"Plato and Aristotle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plato_and_Aristotle?f_ri=210893"},{"id":50365,"name":"Filosofie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosofie?f_ri=210893"},{"id":52740,"name":"Practical Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Practical_Philosophy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":56005,"name":"Exemplars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplars?f_ri=210893"},{"id":58545,"name":"Ancient Greek Philosophy / Aristotle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Philosophy_Aristotle?f_ri=210893"},{"id":59532,"name":"Moral","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral?f_ri=210893"},{"id":59575,"name":"Cultural Morals and Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Morals_and_Values?f_ri=210893"},{"id":60083,"name":"Moral and Social Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_and_Social_Philosophy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":61215,"name":"Virtue theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_theory?f_ri=210893"},{"id":61251,"name":"Filosofía","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosof%C3%ADa?f_ri=210893"},{"id":65619,"name":"Moral Character","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Character?f_ri=210893"},{"id":69868,"name":"Moral Judgment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Judgment?f_ri=210893"},{"id":74952,"name":"Classical Greek Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Greek_Philosophy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":75801,"name":"Ethics: Care, Justice, Moral Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics_Care_Justice_Moral_Education?f_ri=210893"},{"id":79462,"name":"Ética","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%C3%89tica?f_ri=210893"},{"id":82123,"name":"Virtue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue?f_ri=210893"},{"id":83952,"name":"Morality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morality?f_ri=210893"},{"id":84403,"name":"Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_and_Roman_Philosophy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":85531,"name":"Aristóteles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arist%C3%B3teles?f_ri=210893"},{"id":88963,"name":"Ethical relativism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_relativism?f_ri=210893"},{"id":91552,"name":"Morality and Rationality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morality_and_Rationality?f_ri=210893"},{"id":95252,"name":"Philosophia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophia?f_ri=210893"},{"id":95391,"name":"Ancient Philosofy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Philosofy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":95410,"name":"Anscombe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anscombe?f_ri=210893"},{"id":102157,"name":"Aristotelian Dialectic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotelian_Dialectic?f_ri=210893"},{"id":103246,"name":"Philosofy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosofy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":106473,"name":"Ética (Filosofia)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etica_Filosofia_?f_ri=210893"},{"id":121192,"name":"Agent-Based Virtue Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agent-Based_Virtue_Ethics?f_ri=210893"},{"id":124153,"name":"Practical Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Practical_Ethics?f_ri=210893"},{"id":132929,"name":"Aristoteles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristoteles?f_ri=210893"},{"id":157742,"name":"Filosofy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosofy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":162077,"name":"GREEK PHILOSOPHY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GREEK_PHILOSOPHY?f_ri=210893"},{"id":162350,"name":"Aristotele","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotele?f_ri=210893"},{"id":167319,"name":"Aristotelian Tradition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotelian_Tradition?f_ri=210893"},{"id":179297,"name":"Filosofía Moral","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosof%C3%ADa_Moral?f_ri=210893"},{"id":180435,"name":"Ancient commentators on Aristotle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_commentators_on_Aristotle?f_ri=210893"},{"id":199711,"name":"Theory Virtues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_Virtues?f_ri=210893"},{"id":205863,"name":"Filosofia moral","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosofia_moral-1?f_ri=210893"},{"id":206297,"name":"Exemplar Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar_Theory?f_ri=210893"},{"id":210893,"name":"Exemplar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar?f_ri=210893"},{"id":215473,"name":"history of ancient Greek philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/history_of_ancient_Greek_philosophy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":217915,"name":"Ethical dilemmas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_dilemmas?f_ri=210893"},{"id":222284,"name":"Ancient Greece and Rome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greece_and_Rome?f_ri=210893"},{"id":223235,"name":"Aristotle's Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotles_Psychology?f_ri=210893"},{"id":236731,"name":"Ethical Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Behavior?f_ri=210893"},{"id":236733,"name":"Aristotle's four cardinal virtues and common good","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotles_four_cardinal_virtues_and_common_good?f_ri=210893"},{"id":246332,"name":"Aristotélisme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotelisme?f_ri=210893"},{"id":252562,"name":"G E Moore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G_E_Moore?f_ri=210893"},{"id":287698,"name":"McDowell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/McDowell?f_ri=210893"},{"id":303006,"name":"Exemplarity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplarity?f_ri=210893"},{"id":306073,"name":"Practical Reasons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Practical_Reasons?f_ri=210893"},{"id":333657,"name":"Practical Wisdom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Practical_Wisdom?f_ri=210893"},{"id":343784,"name":"Ancient Greek values and ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_values_and_ethics?f_ri=210893"},{"id":357812,"name":"Grecia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grecia?f_ri=210893"},{"id":358329,"name":"Philosophy of Action, Moral Psychology, Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Action_Moral_Psychology_Ethics?f_ri=210893"},{"id":367490,"name":"Neo-Aristotelianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neo-Aristotelianism?f_ri=210893"},{"id":367793,"name":"Ethics and Morality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics_and_Morality?f_ri=210893"},{"id":374827,"name":"Philosofie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosofie?f_ri=210893"},{"id":411275,"name":"Ethical Issues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Issues?f_ri=210893"},{"id":412244,"name":"Civic and Moral Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civic_and_Moral_Education?f_ri=210893"},{"id":433391,"name":"Development of Morals and Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_of_Morals_and_Ethics?f_ri=210893"},{"id":437177,"name":"Filosofia morale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosofia_morale?f_ri=210893"},{"id":437691,"name":"Alisdair macintyre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alisdair_macintyre?f_ri=210893"},{"id":447511,"name":"Aristotelian Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotelian_Ethics?f_ri=210893"},{"id":451583,"name":"Moral intuitions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_intuitions?f_ri=210893"},{"id":453266,"name":"Virtues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtues?f_ri=210893"},{"id":489423,"name":"Morals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morals?f_ri=210893"},{"id":492864,"name":"Classics and Ancient History: society, history and religion of the ancient Greeks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classics_and_Ancient_History_society_history_and_religion_of_the_ancient_Greeks?f_ri=210893"},{"id":501338,"name":"Filosofía Moral Y Política","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosofia_Moral_Y_Politica?f_ri=210893"},{"id":516593,"name":"Ethical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical?f_ri=210893"},{"id":538663,"name":"Moral choice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_choice?f_ri=210893"},{"id":559026,"name":"Virtue-ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue-ethics?f_ri=210893"},{"id":573204,"name":"Ancient Greek Philosophy (Plato/ Aristotle), Epicurean and Stoic Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Philosophy_Plato_Aristotle_Epicurean_and_Stoic_Philosophy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":579692,"name":"Aristotelian Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotelian_Philosophy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":595016,"name":"eudaimonia, Aristotle' Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/eudaimonia_Aristotle_Ethics?f_ri=210893"},{"id":595018,"name":"Aristotle' Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotle_Ethics?f_ri=210893"},{"id":607746,"name":"Ética e Filosofia Moral","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etica_e_Filosofia_Moral?f_ri=210893"},{"id":613831,"name":"ANCIENT WESTERN PHILOSOPHY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ANCIENT_WESTERN_PHILOSOPHY?f_ri=210893"},{"id":618927,"name":"Virtues Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtues_Ethics?f_ri=210893"},{"id":620285,"name":"History of Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Philosophy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":681607,"name":"Allegories and Virtues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Allegories_and_Virtues?f_ri=210893"},{"id":683318,"name":"Moral Character in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Character_in_Education?f_ri=210893"},{"id":699291,"name":"Archaic moral values and political behaviour in Ancient Greece","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaic_moral_values_and_political_behaviour_in_Ancient_Greece?f_ri=210893"},{"id":712569,"name":"Philosofia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosofia?f_ri=210893"},{"id":721565,"name":"Morals and Values in Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morals_and_Values_in_Education?f_ri=210893"},{"id":728470,"name":"Linda Zagzebski","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linda_Zagzebski?f_ri=210893"},{"id":741845,"name":"Aristotle's Nichomachean Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotles_Nichomachean_Ethics?f_ri=210893"},{"id":748774,"name":"Psychology of Virtues and Vices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_of_Virtues_and_Vices?f_ri=210893"},{"id":760607,"name":"Théorie Du Virtuel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theorie_Du_Virtuel?f_ri=210893"},{"id":806347,"name":"Ancient Greek Science and Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Science_and_Philosophy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":856098,"name":"Ethics of Virtues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics_of_Virtues?f_ri=210893"},{"id":871264,"name":"Aristotle Virtues and Vices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotle_Virtues_and_Vices?f_ri=210893"},{"id":970711,"name":"Ethical Decision Making and Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Decision_Making_and_Behavior?f_ri=210893"},{"id":974550,"name":"Epistemic and Deliberative Virtue In Athenian Democracy and Greek Texts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemic_and_Deliberative_Virtue_In_Athenian_Democracy_and_Greek_Texts?f_ri=210893"},{"id":1002501,"name":"Moral Virtue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Virtue?f_ri=210893"},{"id":1002507,"name":"Aristotle on Virtue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotle_on_Virtue?f_ri=210893"},{"id":1005978,"name":"Morality and Personhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morality_and_Personhood?f_ri=210893"},{"id":1007024,"name":"Exemplarity In the Ancient World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplarity_In_the_Ancient_World?f_ri=210893"},{"id":1079003,"name":"Exemplarité","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplarite?f_ri=210893"},{"id":1153164,"name":"Unity of the Virtues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unity_of_the_Virtues?f_ri=210893"},{"id":1168741,"name":"Ancient Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Ethics?f_ri=210893"},{"id":1179251,"name":"Filosofia- Aristóteles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosofia-_Aristoteles?f_ri=210893"},{"id":1198428,"name":"Filosofia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosofia?f_ri=210893"},{"id":1272316,"name":"Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotles_Nicomachean_Ethics?f_ri=210893"},{"id":1328556,"name":"Character Strengths \u0026 Virtues","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Character_Strengths_and_Virtues?f_ri=210893"},{"id":1356303,"name":"Moral Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Philosophy-1?f_ri=210893"},{"id":1358344,"name":"Ancient Greek Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Thought?f_ri=210893"},{"id":1783144,"name":"Morals and Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morals_and_Ethics?f_ri=210893"},{"id":2926934,"name":"Virtues Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtues_Education?f_ri=210893"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_648880" data-work_id="648880" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/648880/Toward_a_Sustainable_Future_Integral_Leadership_in_the_New_World_Economy">Toward a Sustainable Future: Integral Leadership in the New World Economy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Presenting a background of historical context, “Toward a Sustainable Future” offers an overview in the ascendancy of neoliberal/neoconservative viewpoints constituting the world’s dominant socioeconomic ideology today. An AQAL framework... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_648880" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Presenting a background of historical context, “Toward a Sustainable Future” offers an overview in the ascendancy of neoliberal/neoconservative viewpoints constituting the world’s dominant socioeconomic ideology today. An AQAL framework is then introduced and subsequently examined as an aid to envisioning and ultimately adopting Integral approaches capable of better supporting value(s) of human relatedness. In so doing, the article’s content aspires to empower today’s leaders to pioneer practical, sustainable, transformations in community living and lifestyles.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/648880" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="35e4e7026ae0b64a5fc13772075e0119" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":3569156,"asset_id":648880,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/3569156/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNzQ0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="264960" href="https://integralinstitute.academia.edu/BrianMcConnell">Brian McConnell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="264960" type="text/json">{"id":264960,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"McConnell","domain_name":"integralinstitute","page_name":"BrianMcConnell","display_name":"Brian McConnell","profile_url":"https://integralinstitute.academia.edu/BrianMcConnell?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/264960/55541/540334/s65_brian.mcconnell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_648880 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="648880"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 648880, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_648880", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_648880 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 648880; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_648880"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_648880 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="648880"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 648880; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=648880]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_648880").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_648880").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="648880"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3383" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integral_Theory">Integral Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3383" type="text/json">{"id":3383,"name":"Integral Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integral_Theory?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12420" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism">Neoliberalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12420" type="text/json">{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18845" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability">Environmental Sustainability</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18845" type="text/json">{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24590" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integral_economics">Integral economics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24590" type="text/json">{"id":24590,"name":"Integral economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integral_economics?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=648880]'), work: {"id":648880,"title":"Toward a Sustainable Future: Integral Leadership in the New World Economy","created_at":"2011-06-07T00:44:08.754-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/648880/Toward_a_Sustainable_Future_Integral_Leadership_in_the_New_World_Economy?f_ri=210893","dom_id":"work_648880","summary":"Presenting a background of historical context, “Toward a Sustainable Future” offers an overview in the ascendancy of neoliberal/neoconservative viewpoints constituting the world’s dominant socioeconomic ideology today. An AQAL framework is then introduced and subsequently examined as an aid to envisioning and ultimately adopting Integral approaches capable of better supporting value(s) of human relatedness. In so doing, the article’s content aspires to empower today’s leaders to pioneer practical, sustainable, transformations in community living and lifestyles.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":3569156,"asset_id":648880,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":264960,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"McConnell","domain_name":"integralinstitute","page_name":"BrianMcConnell","display_name":"Brian McConnell","profile_url":"https://integralinstitute.academia.edu/BrianMcConnell?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/264960/55541/540334/s65_brian.mcconnell.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3383,"name":"Integral Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integral_Theory?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":24590,"name":"Integral economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integral_economics?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":36225,"name":"Integral Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integral_Studies?f_ri=210893"},{"id":58790,"name":"Usury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Usury?f_ri=210893"},{"id":83952,"name":"Morality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morality?f_ri=210893"},{"id":86556,"name":"Neoconservatism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoconservatism?f_ri=210893"},{"id":144706,"name":"Integral ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integral_ecology?f_ri=210893"},{"id":171792,"name":"Central Banking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Banking?f_ri=210893"},{"id":201153,"name":"Neoclassical Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoclassical_Economics?f_ri=210893"},{"id":210893,"name":"Exemplar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar?f_ri=210893"},{"id":246310,"name":"Riba","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Riba?f_ri=210893"},{"id":260809,"name":"Cook","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cook?f_ri=210893"},{"id":499183,"name":"Complementary Currency Designs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complementary_Currency_Designs?f_ri=210893"},{"id":647442,"name":"AQAL","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/AQAL?f_ri=210893"},{"id":964929,"name":"Integral Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integral_Leadership?f_ri=210893"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2987832" data-work_id="2987832" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2987832/Fast_and_Enhanced_Algorithm_for_Exemplar_Based_Image_Inpainting_Anupam_Agrawal_Pulkit_Goyal_and_Sapan_Diwakar">Fast and Enhanced Algorithm for Exemplar Based Image Inpainting : Anupam Agrawal, Pulkit Goyal and Sapan Diwakar</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2987832" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ed9762c85905616c6b3f849fc92efcea" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30940810,"asset_id":2987832,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30940810/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNzQ0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="326535" href="https://epfl.academia.edu/PulkitGoyal">Pulkit Goyal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="326535" type="text/json">{"id":326535,"first_name":"Pulkit","last_name":"Goyal","domain_name":"epfl","page_name":"PulkitGoyal","display_name":"Pulkit Goyal","profile_url":"https://epfl.academia.edu/PulkitGoyal?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/326535/91704/100226/s65_pulkit.goyal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2987832 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2987832"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2987832, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2987832", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2987832 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2987832; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2987832"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2987832 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2987832"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2987832; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2987832]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2987832").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2987832").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2987832"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1185" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Processing">Image Processing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1185" type="text/json">{"id":1185,"name":"Image Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Processing?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="102218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Restoration">Image Restoration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="102218" type="text/json">{"id":102218,"name":"Image Restoration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Restoration?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="121607" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Missing_Data">Missing Data</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="121607" type="text/json">{"id":121607,"name":"Missing Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Missing_Data?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2987832]'), work: {"id":2987832,"title":"Fast and Enhanced Algorithm for Exemplar Based Image Inpainting : Anupam Agrawal, Pulkit Goyal and Sapan Diwakar","created_at":"2013-03-14T05:51:08.222-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2987832/Fast_and_Enhanced_Algorithm_for_Exemplar_Based_Image_Inpainting_Anupam_Agrawal_Pulkit_Goyal_and_Sapan_Diwakar?f_ri=210893","dom_id":"work_2987832","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30940810,"asset_id":2987832,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":326535,"first_name":"Pulkit","last_name":"Goyal","domain_name":"epfl","page_name":"PulkitGoyal","display_name":"Pulkit Goyal","profile_url":"https://epfl.academia.edu/PulkitGoyal?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/326535/91704/100226/s65_pulkit.goyal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":1185,"name":"Image Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Processing?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":102218,"name":"Image Restoration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Restoration?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":121607,"name":"Missing Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Missing_Data?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":185543,"name":"Image inpainting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_inpainting?f_ri=210893"},{"id":210893,"name":"Exemplar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar?f_ri=210893"},{"id":431383,"name":"Priority","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Priority?f_ri=210893"},{"id":1300888,"name":"Inpainting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inpainting?f_ri=210893"},{"id":1374593,"name":"Enhanced","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enhanced?f_ri=210893"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35926671" data-work_id="35926671" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35926671/Kuhns_Wrong_Turning_and_Legacy_Today">Kuhn's " Wrong Turning" and Legacy Today</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Alexander Bird indicates that the significance of Thomas Kuhn in the history of philosophy of science is somehow paradoxical. On the one hand, Kuhn was one of the most influential and important philosophers of science in the second half... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35926671" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Alexander Bird indicates that the significance of Thomas Kuhn in the history of philosophy of science is somehow paradoxical. On the one hand, Kuhn was one of the most influential and important philosophers of science in the second half of the twentieth century. On the other hand, nowadays there is little distinctively Kuhn's legacy in the sense that most of Kuhn's work has no longer any philosophical significance. Bird argues that the explanation of the paradox of Kuhn's legacy is that Kuhn took a direction opposite to that of the mainstream of the philosophy of science in his later academic career. This paper aims to provide a new way to understand and develop Kuhn's legacy by revisiting the development of Kuhn's philosophy of science in 1970s and proposing a new account of exemplar. Firstly, I propose my diagnosis of Kuhn's "wrong turning" by identifying Kuhn's two novel contributions: the introduction of paradigm and the proposal of the incommensurability thesis. Secondly, I argue that Kuhn made a conceptual/terminological turn from paradigm to theory, which undermined Kuhn's novel contributions. Thirdly, I propose a new articulation of exemplar and propose an exemplar-based approach to analysing the history of science. Finally, I show how the exemplar-based approach can be applied to analyse the history of science by my case study of the early development of genetics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35926671" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="845124dd1b5601e230e642a30b0c5e98" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63084931,"asset_id":35926671,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63084931/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNzQ0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2645369" href="https://ust-hk.academia.edu/YafengShan">Yafeng Shan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2645369" type="text/json">{"id":2645369,"first_name":"Yafeng","last_name":"Shan","domain_name":"ust-hk","page_name":"YafengShan","display_name":"Yafeng Shan","profile_url":"https://ust-hk.academia.edu/YafengShan?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2645369/4900841/5634696/s65_yafeng.shan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35926671 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35926671"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35926671, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35926671", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35926671 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35926671; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35926671"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35926671 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35926671"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35926671; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35926671]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35926671").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35926671").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35926671"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23482" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thomas_S._Kuhn">Thomas S. Kuhn</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23482" type="text/json">{"id":23482,"name":"Thomas S. Kuhn","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thomas_S._Kuhn?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="210893" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar">Exemplar</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="210893" type="text/json">{"id":210893,"name":"Exemplar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35926671]'), work: {"id":35926671,"title":"Kuhn's \" Wrong Turning\" and Legacy Today","created_at":"2018-02-15T00:58:16.969-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35926671/Kuhns_Wrong_Turning_and_Legacy_Today?f_ri=210893","dom_id":"work_35926671","summary":"Alexander Bird indicates that the significance of Thomas Kuhn in the history of philosophy of science is somehow paradoxical. On the one hand, Kuhn was one of the most influential and important philosophers of science in the second half of the twentieth century. On the other hand, nowadays there is little distinctively Kuhn's legacy in the sense that most of Kuhn's work has no longer any philosophical significance. Bird argues that the explanation of the paradox of Kuhn's legacy is that Kuhn took a direction opposite to that of the mainstream of the philosophy of science in his later academic career. This paper aims to provide a new way to understand and develop Kuhn's legacy by revisiting the development of Kuhn's philosophy of science in 1970s and proposing a new account of exemplar. Firstly, I propose my diagnosis of Kuhn's \"wrong turning\" by identifying Kuhn's two novel contributions: the introduction of paradigm and the proposal of the incommensurability thesis. Secondly, I argue that Kuhn made a conceptual/terminological turn from paradigm to theory, which undermined Kuhn's novel contributions. Thirdly, I propose a new articulation of exemplar and propose an exemplar-based approach to analysing the history of science. Finally, I show how the exemplar-based approach can be applied to analyse the history of science by my case study of the early development of genetics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63084931,"asset_id":35926671,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2645369,"first_name":"Yafeng","last_name":"Shan","domain_name":"ust-hk","page_name":"YafengShan","display_name":"Yafeng Shan","profile_url":"https://ust-hk.academia.edu/YafengShan?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2645369/4900841/5634696/s65_yafeng.shan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":23482,"name":"Thomas S. Kuhn","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thomas_S._Kuhn?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":210893,"name":"Exemplar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31682641" data-work_id="31682641" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31682641/Teaching_by_Examples_in_the_Search_for_Intellectually_Virtuous_Students">Teaching by Examples in the Search for Intellectually Virtuous Students</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Examples illustrate ideas. For example, in Cultivating Good Minds (2015) Baehr invites readers to think of students or individuals, real and fictitious, who exemplify intellectual virtues. Using Davis’s philosophy of education method of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31682641" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Examples illustrate ideas. For example, in Cultivating Good Minds (2015) Baehr invites readers to think of students or individuals, real and fictitious, who exemplify intellectual virtues. Using Davis’s philosophy of education method of research by examples (2010), I develop the analytical consequences of applying this method in Baerh’s case, and virtue epistemology in general. While examples can justify a concept, they also open the door to counter examples, which can jeopardize the understanding of the same concept, even invalidate it; and yet, examples remain educational. I argue that a more robust theory of the virtuous student should explicitly include the method of examples, and be able to accommodate—as examples—individuals like the iconoclast Diogenes the Cynic.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31682641" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bb57e55cec3535b2fb2f9c0fe2952145" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52002199,"asset_id":31682641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52002199/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNzQ0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5323703" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SamuelLeBlanc6">Samuel LeBlanc</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5323703" type="text/json">{"id":5323703,"first_name":"Samuel","last_name":"LeBlanc","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SamuelLeBlanc6","display_name":"Samuel LeBlanc","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SamuelLeBlanc6?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5323703/2338996/2727451/s65_samuel.leblanc.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31682641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31682641"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31682641, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31682641", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31682641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31682641; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31682641"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31682641 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31682641"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31682641; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31682641]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31682641").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31682641").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31682641"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2559" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Education">Philosophy of Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2559" type="text/json">{"id":2559,"name":"Philosophy of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Education?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15236" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Epistemology">Virtue Epistemology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15236" type="text/json">{"id":15236,"name":"Virtue Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Epistemology?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="210893" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar">Exemplar</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="210893" type="text/json">{"id":210893,"name":"Exemplar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31682641]'), work: {"id":31682641,"title":"Teaching by Examples in the Search for Intellectually Virtuous Students","created_at":"2017-03-02T12:54:41.297-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31682641/Teaching_by_Examples_in_the_Search_for_Intellectually_Virtuous_Students?f_ri=210893","dom_id":"work_31682641","summary":"Examples illustrate ideas. For example, in Cultivating Good Minds (2015) Baehr invites readers to think of students or individuals, real and fictitious, who exemplify intellectual virtues. Using Davis’s philosophy of education method of research by examples (2010), I develop the analytical consequences of applying this method in Baerh’s case, and virtue epistemology in general. While examples can justify a concept, they also open the door to counter examples, which can jeopardize the understanding of the same concept, even invalidate it; and yet, examples remain educational. I argue that a more robust theory of the virtuous student should explicitly include the method of examples, and be able to accommodate—as examples—individuals like the iconoclast Diogenes the Cynic.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52002199,"asset_id":31682641,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5323703,"first_name":"Samuel","last_name":"LeBlanc","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SamuelLeBlanc6","display_name":"Samuel LeBlanc","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SamuelLeBlanc6?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5323703/2338996/2727451/s65_samuel.leblanc.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":2559,"name":"Philosophy of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Education?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":15236,"name":"Virtue Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virtue_Epistemology?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":210893,"name":"Exemplar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":926385,"name":"Example","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Example?f_ri=210893"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_863738" data-work_id="863738" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/863738/A_model_for_transformation_A_transdisciplinary_approach_to_disseminating_good_practice_in_blended_learning_in_a_science_faculty_2010_">A model for transformation: A transdisciplinary approach to disseminating good practice in blended learning in a science faculty (2010)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A project for the dissemination of blended learning design in the faculty of Science used a successful foundational course in materials engineering, where online and face-to-face components were fully integrated, as an exemplar for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_863738" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A project for the dissemination of blended learning design in the faculty of Science used a successful foundational course in materials engineering, where online and face-to-face components were fully integrated, as an exemplar for similar developments in other science disciplines. The team-based process promoted academic development of online learning expertise, and the redeveloped courses now provide a model for blended learning in their respective disciplines, while the focus on benefit to student learning has resulted in significant improvements in student outcomes and experience in all the courses involved. This paper describes the transdisciplinary, collaborative, exemplar-based model used in the development process, investigates the impact on students and teachers of the course developments, and evaluates the effectiveness of the approach as a model for curriculum development and for academic development.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/863738" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="55f9db108a1762e06fcf987c65f1e706" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37727419,"asset_id":863738,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37727419/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNzQ0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="189961" href="https://unsw.academia.edu/BelindaAllen">Belinda Allen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="189961" type="text/json">{"id":189961,"first_name":"Belinda","last_name":"Allen","domain_name":"unsw","page_name":"BelindaAllen","display_name":"Belinda Allen","profile_url":"https://unsw.academia.edu/BelindaAllen?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/189961/46068/16470111/s65_belinda.allen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_863738 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="863738"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 863738, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_863738", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_863738 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 863738; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_863738"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_863738 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="863738"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 863738; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=863738]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_863738").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_863738").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="863738"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1985" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_Development">Academic Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1985" type="text/json">{"id":1985,"name":"Academic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_Development?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24832" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blended_Learning">Blended Learning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24832" type="text/json">{"id":24832,"name":"Blended Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blended_Learning?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70846" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interdisciplinary">Interdisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="70846" type="text/json">{"id":70846,"name":"Interdisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interdisciplinary?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="116107" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Course_design">Course design</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="116107" type="text/json">{"id":116107,"name":"Course design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Course_design?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=863738]'), work: {"id":863738,"title":"A model for transformation: A transdisciplinary approach to disseminating good practice in blended learning in a science faculty (2010)","created_at":"2011-08-28T09:37:46.281-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/863738/A_model_for_transformation_A_transdisciplinary_approach_to_disseminating_good_practice_in_blended_learning_in_a_science_faculty_2010_?f_ri=210893","dom_id":"work_863738","summary":"A project for the dissemination of blended learning design in the faculty of Science used a successful foundational course in materials engineering, where online and face-to-face components were fully integrated, as an exemplar for similar developments in other science disciplines. The team-based process promoted academic development of online learning expertise, and the redeveloped courses now provide a model for blended learning in their respective disciplines, while the focus on benefit to student learning has resulted in significant improvements in student outcomes and experience in all the courses involved. This paper describes the transdisciplinary, collaborative, exemplar-based model used in the development process, investigates the impact on students and teachers of the course developments, and evaluates the effectiveness of the approach as a model for curriculum development and for academic development.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37727419,"asset_id":863738,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":189961,"first_name":"Belinda","last_name":"Allen","domain_name":"unsw","page_name":"BelindaAllen","display_name":"Belinda Allen","profile_url":"https://unsw.academia.edu/BelindaAllen?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/189961/46068/16470111/s65_belinda.allen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1985,"name":"Academic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_Development?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":24832,"name":"Blended Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blended_Learning?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":70846,"name":"Interdisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interdisciplinary?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":116107,"name":"Course design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Course_design?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":171451,"name":"Transdisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transdisciplinary?f_ri=210893"},{"id":210892,"name":"Development Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Model?f_ri=210893"},{"id":210893,"name":"Exemplar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar?f_ri=210893"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14293104" data-work_id="14293104" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14293104/A_Perspective_on_Image_Inpainting">A Perspective on Image Inpainting</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Removing the uninterested objects or filling in the contaminated portion of an image represent an important photo editing cumbersome task. Image Inpainting is the process filling in the missing areas or modifying the damaged images.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14293104" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Removing the uninterested objects or filling in the contaminated portion of an image represent an important photo editing cumbersome task. Image Inpainting is the process filling in the missing areas or modifying the damaged images. Inpainting algorithm have numerous applications. It is helpfully used for restoration of old films and object removal in digital photographs. It is also applied to red-eye correction, super resolution, compression etc. The main goal of the Inpainting algorithm is to modify the damaged region in an image in such a way that the inpainted region is undetectable to the ordinary observers who are not familiar with the original image. In this paper a comprehensive review of different techniques for the image inpainting like diffusion based inpainting, PDE based image inpainting, exemplar based image inpainting, and texture synthesis based image inpainting has been discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14293104" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5628e38c165994c6b13bc5921aee59d3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38260577,"asset_id":14293104,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38260577/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNzQ0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15227164" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IJSTE">IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology and Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15227164" type="text/json">{"id":15227164,"first_name":"IJSTE","last_name":"International Journal of Science Technology and Engineering","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IJSTE","display_name":"IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology and Engineering","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IJSTE?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15227164/4107605/4789636/s65_ijste.journal.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14293104 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14293104"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14293104, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14293104", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14293104 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14293104; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14293104"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14293104 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14293104"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14293104; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14293104]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14293104").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14293104").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14293104"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83315" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion">Diffusion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="83315" type="text/json">{"id":83315,"name":"Diffusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="102218" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Restoration">Image Restoration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="102218" type="text/json">{"id":102218,"name":"Image Restoration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Restoration?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="210893" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar">Exemplar</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="210893" type="text/json">{"id":210893,"name":"Exemplar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="506705" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pde">Pde</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="506705" type="text/json">{"id":506705,"name":"Pde","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pde?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14293104]'), work: {"id":14293104,"title":"A Perspective on Image Inpainting","created_at":"2015-07-22T07:16:32.092-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14293104/A_Perspective_on_Image_Inpainting?f_ri=210893","dom_id":"work_14293104","summary":"Removing the uninterested objects or filling in the contaminated portion of an image represent an important photo editing cumbersome task. Image Inpainting is the process filling in the missing areas or modifying the damaged images. Inpainting algorithm have numerous applications. It is helpfully used for restoration of old films and object removal in digital photographs. It is also applied to red-eye correction, super resolution, compression etc. The main goal of the Inpainting algorithm is to modify the damaged region in an image in such a way that the inpainted region is undetectable to the ordinary observers who are not familiar with the original image. In this paper a comprehensive review of different techniques for the image inpainting like diffusion based inpainting, PDE based image inpainting, exemplar based image inpainting, and texture synthesis based image inpainting has been discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38260577,"asset_id":14293104,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15227164,"first_name":"IJSTE","last_name":"International Journal of Science Technology and Engineering","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IJSTE","display_name":"IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology and Engineering","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IJSTE?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15227164/4107605/4789636/s65_ijste.journal.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":83315,"name":"Diffusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":102218,"name":"Image Restoration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Restoration?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":210893,"name":"Exemplar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":506705,"name":"Pde","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pde?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":1300888,"name":"Inpainting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inpainting?f_ri=210893"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43160076" data-work_id="43160076" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43160076/Exemplarity_and_education_Retuning_educational_research">Exemplarity and education: Retuning educational research</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article explores the idea of exemplarity in relation to educational research and teacher education. Exemplarity is introduced as an alternative to the paradigm of evidence and 'what works', which seems to be omnipresent in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43160076" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article explores the idea of exemplarity in relation to educational research and teacher education. Exemplarity is introduced as an alternative to the paradigm of evidence and 'what works', which seems to be omnipresent in educational research at present. The idea of exemplarity relates to the particularity of educational practice. The claim of this article is that we need to skew the dominance of functionalistic studies of education, which focus on skills and solutions to problems, or on providing quick fixes and methods to be applied in practice. I will argue that this tactic shuts down interpretive spaces and gives the teacher an illusion of simplicity and efficacy that connects poorly with the complexities of pedagogical practice. Exemplarity provides a different way of answering the question of 'what works', since it does not claim generalisability, but instead offers a path to reflective engagement with the complexities of educational processes. The idea of exemplarity highlights how educators can be invited to lend an ear to practical experience and pedagogical theorising, and through these develop their tact and reflective abilities through exemplars that display pedagogical principles. This, in turn, offers the possibility of retuning one's practice, and in the scope of this article , retuning educational research itself.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43160076" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5cbe0fcecb811b3b8b9bfee7bc3960ae" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63422203,"asset_id":43160076,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63422203/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNzQ0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10944989" href="https://mah.academia.edu/MortenKorsgaard">Morten T Korsgaard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10944989" type="text/json">{"id":10944989,"first_name":"Morten","last_name":"Korsgaard","domain_name":"mah","page_name":"MortenKorsgaard","display_name":"Morten T Korsgaard","profile_url":"https://mah.academia.edu/MortenKorsgaard?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10944989/11387110/42795071/s65_morten.korsgaard.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43160076 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43160076"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43160076, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43160076", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43160076 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43160076; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43160076"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43160076 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43160076"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43160076; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43160076]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43160076").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43160076").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43160076"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="887" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning">Teaching and Learning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="887" type="text/json">{"id":887,"name":"Teaching and Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1601" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education">Teacher Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1601" type="text/json">{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2559" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Education">Philosophy of Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2559" type="text/json">{"id":2559,"name":"Philosophy of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Education?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3489" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_Studies">Curriculum Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3489" type="text/json">{"id":3489,"name":"Curriculum Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_Studies?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43160076]'), work: {"id":43160076,"title":"Exemplarity and education: Retuning educational research","created_at":"2020-05-25T11:36:51.307-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43160076/Exemplarity_and_education_Retuning_educational_research?f_ri=210893","dom_id":"work_43160076","summary":"This article explores the idea of exemplarity in relation to educational research and teacher education. Exemplarity is introduced as an alternative to the paradigm of evidence and 'what works', which seems to be omnipresent in educational research at present. The idea of exemplarity relates to the particularity of educational practice. The claim of this article is that we need to skew the dominance of functionalistic studies of education, which focus on skills and solutions to problems, or on providing quick fixes and methods to be applied in practice. I will argue that this tactic shuts down interpretive spaces and gives the teacher an illusion of simplicity and efficacy that connects poorly with the complexities of pedagogical practice. Exemplarity provides a different way of answering the question of 'what works', since it does not claim generalisability, but instead offers a path to reflective engagement with the complexities of educational processes. The idea of exemplarity highlights how educators can be invited to lend an ear to practical experience and pedagogical theorising, and through these develop their tact and reflective abilities through exemplars that display pedagogical principles. This, in turn, offers the possibility of retuning one's practice, and in the scope of this article , retuning educational research itself.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63422203,"asset_id":43160076,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10944989,"first_name":"Morten","last_name":"Korsgaard","domain_name":"mah","page_name":"MortenKorsgaard","display_name":"Morten T Korsgaard","profile_url":"https://mah.academia.edu/MortenKorsgaard?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10944989/11387110/42795071/s65_morten.korsgaard.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":887,"name":"Teaching and Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":2559,"name":"Philosophy of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Education?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":3489,"name":"Curriculum Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_Studies?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":9491,"name":"Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pedagogy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":17612,"name":"Educational Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Philosophy?f_ri=210893"},{"id":27338,"name":"Educational Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Theory?f_ri=210893"},{"id":27442,"name":"Hannah Arendt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hannah_Arendt?f_ri=210893"},{"id":210893,"name":"Exemplar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar?f_ri=210893"},{"id":303006,"name":"Exemplarity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplarity?f_ri=210893"},{"id":2528964,"name":"exemplarism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/exemplarism?f_ri=210893"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62106200" data-work_id="62106200" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62106200/Kuhn_s_wrong_turning_and_legacy_today">Kuhn’s “wrong turning” and legacy today</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Alexander Bird indicates that the significance of Thomas Kuhn in the history of philosophy of science is somehow paradoxical. On the one hand, Kuhn was one of the most influential and important philosophers of science in the second half... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62106200" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Alexander Bird indicates that the significance of Thomas Kuhn in the history of philosophy of science is somehow paradoxical. On the one hand, Kuhn was one of the most influential and important philosophers of science in the second half of the twentieth century. On the other hand, nowadays there is little distinctively Kuhn’s legacy in the sense that most of Kuhn’s work has no longer any philosophical significance. Bird argues that the explanation of the paradox of Kuhn’s legacy is that Kuhn took a direction opposite to that of the mainstream of the philosophy of science in his later academic career. This paper aims to provide a new way to understand and develop Kuhn’s legacy by revisiting the development of Kuhn’s philosophy of science in 1970s and proposing a new account of exemplar. Firstly, I propose my diagnosis of Kuhn’s “wrong turning” by identifying Kuhn’s two novel contributions: the introduction of paradigm and the proposal of the incommensurability thesis. Secondly, I argue that Kuhn made a conceptual/terminological turn from paradigm to theory, which undermined Kuhn’s novel contributions. Thirdly, I propose a new articulation of exemplar and propose an exemplar-based approach to analysing the history of science. Finally, I show how the exemplar-based approach can be applied to analyse the history of science by my case study of the early development of genetics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62106200" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="81cfa084a9635e12930fa57fe8110274" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74958294,"asset_id":62106200,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74958294/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNzQ0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2645369" href="https://ust-hk.academia.edu/YafengShan">Yafeng Shan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2645369" type="text/json">{"id":2645369,"first_name":"Yafeng","last_name":"Shan","domain_name":"ust-hk","page_name":"YafengShan","display_name":"Yafeng Shan","profile_url":"https://ust-hk.academia.edu/YafengShan?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2645369/4900841/5634696/s65_yafeng.shan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62106200 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62106200"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62106200, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62106200", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_62106200 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62106200; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_62106200"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_62106200 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="62106200"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62106200; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62106200]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62106200").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62106200").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62106200"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23482" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thomas_S._Kuhn">Thomas S. Kuhn</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23482" type="text/json">{"id":23482,"name":"Thomas S. Kuhn","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thomas_S._Kuhn?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="210893" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar">Exemplar</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="210893" type="text/json">{"id":210893,"name":"Exemplar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62106200]'), work: {"id":62106200,"title":"Kuhn’s “wrong turning” and legacy today","created_at":"2021-11-21T04:24:11.929-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62106200/Kuhn_s_wrong_turning_and_legacy_today?f_ri=210893","dom_id":"work_62106200","summary":"Alexander Bird indicates that the significance of Thomas Kuhn in the history of philosophy of science is somehow paradoxical. On the one hand, Kuhn was one of the most influential and important philosophers of science in the second half of the twentieth century. On the other hand, nowadays there is little distinctively Kuhn’s legacy in the sense that most of Kuhn’s work has no longer any philosophical significance. Bird argues that the explanation of the paradox of Kuhn’s legacy is that Kuhn took a direction opposite to that of the mainstream of the philosophy of science in his later academic career. This paper aims to provide a new way to understand and develop Kuhn’s legacy by revisiting the development of Kuhn’s philosophy of science in 1970s and proposing a new account of exemplar. Firstly, I propose my diagnosis of Kuhn’s “wrong turning” by identifying Kuhn’s two novel contributions: the introduction of paradigm and the proposal of the incommensurability thesis. Secondly, I argue that Kuhn made a conceptual/terminological turn from paradigm to theory, which undermined Kuhn’s novel contributions. Thirdly, I propose a new articulation of exemplar and propose an exemplar-based approach to analysing the history of science. Finally, I show how the exemplar-based approach can be applied to analyse the history of science by my case study of the early development of genetics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74958294,"asset_id":62106200,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2645369,"first_name":"Yafeng","last_name":"Shan","domain_name":"ust-hk","page_name":"YafengShan","display_name":"Yafeng Shan","profile_url":"https://ust-hk.academia.edu/YafengShan?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2645369/4900841/5634696/s65_yafeng.shan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":23482,"name":"Thomas S. Kuhn","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thomas_S._Kuhn?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":210893,"name":"Exemplar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":613835,"name":"Synthese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synthese?f_ri=210893"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59501547" data-work_id="59501547" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59501547/The_Novel_Object_and_Unusual_Name_NOUN_Database_A_collection_of_novel_images_for_use_in_experimental_research">The Novel Object and Unusual Name (NOUN) Database: A collection of novel images for use in experimental research</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Many experimental research designs require images of novel objects. Here we introduce the Novel Object and Unusual Name (NOUN) Database. This database contains 64 primary novel object images and additional novel exemplars for ten basic-... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_59501547" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Many experimental research designs require images of novel objects. Here we introduce the Novel Object and Unusual Name (NOUN) Database. This database contains 64 primary novel object images and additional novel exemplars for ten basic- and nine global-level object categories. The objects&#39; novelty was confirmed by both self-report and a lack of consensus on questions that required participants to name and identify the objects. We also found that object novelty correlated with qualifying naming responses pertaining to the objects&#39; colors. The results from a similarity sorting task (and a subsequent multidimensional scaling analysis on the similarity ratings) demonstrated that the objects are complex and distinct entities that vary along several featural dimensions beyond simply shape and color. A final experiment confirmed that additional item exemplars comprised both sub- and superordinate categories. These images may be useful in a variety of settings, particularly for deve...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59501547" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="47b4c471eef4719247c150c8811c546d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73392354,"asset_id":59501547,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73392354/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNzQ0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="193274" href="https://asu.academia.edu/MichaelHout">Michael Hout</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="193274" type="text/json">{"id":193274,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Hout","domain_name":"asu","page_name":"MichaelHout","display_name":"Michael Hout","profile_url":"https://asu.academia.edu/MichaelHout?f_ri=210893","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_59501547 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="59501547"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59501547, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_59501547", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_59501547 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59501547; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_59501547"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_59501547 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="59501547"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59501547; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59501547]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_59501547").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_59501547").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="59501547"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="236" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology">Cognitive Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="236" type="text/json">{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="252" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology">Developmental Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="252" type="text/json">{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3806" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Category_Learning">Category Learning</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3806" type="text/json">{"id":3806,"name":"Category Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Category_Learning?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=59501547]'), work: {"id":59501547,"title":"The Novel Object and Unusual Name (NOUN) Database: A collection of novel images for use in experimental research","created_at":"2021-10-22T06:14:21.902-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/59501547/The_Novel_Object_and_Unusual_Name_NOUN_Database_A_collection_of_novel_images_for_use_in_experimental_research?f_ri=210893","dom_id":"work_59501547","summary":"Many experimental research designs require images of novel objects. Here we introduce the Novel Object and Unusual Name (NOUN) Database. This database contains 64 primary novel object images and additional novel exemplars for ten basic- and nine global-level object categories. The objects\u0026#39; novelty was confirmed by both self-report and a lack of consensus on questions that required participants to name and identify the objects. We also found that object novelty correlated with qualifying naming responses pertaining to the objects\u0026#39; colors. The results from a similarity sorting task (and a subsequent multidimensional scaling analysis on the similarity ratings) demonstrated that the objects are complex and distinct entities that vary along several featural dimensions beyond simply shape and color. A final experiment confirmed that additional item exemplars comprised both sub- and superordinate categories. These images may be useful in a variety of settings, particularly for deve...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73392354,"asset_id":59501547,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":193274,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Hout","domain_name":"asu","page_name":"MichaelHout","display_name":"Michael Hout","profile_url":"https://asu.academia.edu/MichaelHout?f_ri=210893","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Psychology?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":252,"name":"Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_Psychology?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":3806,"name":"Category Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Category_Learning?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":6571,"name":"Category Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Category_Theory?f_ri=210893"},{"id":18573,"name":"Categorization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Categorization?f_ri=210893"},{"id":23310,"name":"Novel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Novel?f_ri=210893"},{"id":76714,"name":"Color","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Color?f_ri=210893"},{"id":130755,"name":"Names","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Names?f_ri=210893"},{"id":144935,"name":"Nouns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nouns?f_ri=210893"},{"id":160144,"name":"Feature Extraction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feature_Extraction?f_ri=210893"},{"id":206297,"name":"Exemplar Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar_Theory?f_ri=210893"},{"id":207186,"name":"Infant Categorisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant_Categorisation?f_ri=210893"},{"id":210893,"name":"Exemplar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar?f_ri=210893"},{"id":333588,"name":"Categorisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Categorisation?f_ri=210893"},{"id":916943,"name":"Behavioral Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Research?f_ri=210893"},{"id":2485584,"name":"Behavior Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior_Methods?f_ri=210893"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28157699" data-work_id="28157699" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28157699/Feed_me_feed_me_an_exemplar_for_engineering_adaptive_software">Feed me, feed me: an exemplar for engineering adaptive software</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Internet of Things (IoT) promises to deliver improved quality of life for citizens, through pervasive connectivity and quantified monitoring of devices, people, and their environment. As such, the IoT presents a major new opportunity... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28157699" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Internet of Things (IoT) promises to deliver improved quality of life for citizens, through pervasive connectivity and quantified monitoring of devices, people, and their environment. As such, the IoT presents a major new opportunity for research in adaptive software engineering. However, there are currently no shared exemplars that can support software engineering researchers to explore and potentially address the challenges of engineering adaptive software for the IoT, and to comparatively evaluate proposed solutions. In this paper, we present Feed me, Feed me, an exemplar that represents an IoT-based ecosystem to support food security at different levels of granularity: individuals, families, cities, and nations.<br /><br />We describe this exemplar using animated videos which highlight the requirements that have been informally observed to play a critical role in the success or failure of IoT-based software systems. These requirements are: security and privacy, interoperability, adaptation, and personalisation. To elicit a wide spectrum of user reactions, we created these animated videos based on the ContraVision empirical methodology [23], which specifically supports the elicitation of end-user requirements for controversial or futuristic technologies. Our deployment of ContraVision presented our pilot study subjects with an equal number of utopian and dystopian scenarios, derived from the food security domain, and described them at different levels of granularity.<br /><br />Our synthesis of the preliminary empirical findings suggests a number of key requirements and software engineering research challenges in this area. We offer these to the research community, together with a rich exemplar and associated scenarios available in both their textual form in the paper and as a series of animated videos (<a href="http://sead1.open.ac.uk/fmfm/" rel="nofollow">http://sead1.open.ac.uk/fmfm/</a>).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28157699" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="86c0a2eace40c5e44f4a7166b70dd45b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48473016,"asset_id":28157699,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48473016/download_file?st=MTczMjgzNzQ0Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52713414" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CharithPerera8">Charith Perera</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52713414" type="text/json">{"id":52713414,"first_name":"Charith","last_name":"Perera","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CharithPerera8","display_name":"Charith Perera","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CharithPerera8?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52713414/13920354/36068191/s65_charith.perera.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28157699 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28157699"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28157699, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28157699", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28157699 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28157699; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28157699"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28157699 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28157699"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28157699; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28157699]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28157699").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28157699").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28157699"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="449" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Engineering">Software Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="449" type="text/json">{"id":449,"name":"Software Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Engineering?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5677" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptation">Adaptation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5677" type="text/json">{"id":5677,"name":"Adaptation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptation?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9135" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Internet_of_Things">The Internet of Things</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9135" type="text/json">{"id":9135,"name":"The Internet of Things","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Internet_of_Things?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38360" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Security">Food Security</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="38360" type="text/json">{"id":38360,"name":"Food Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Security?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28157699]'), work: {"id":28157699,"title":"Feed me, feed me: an exemplar for engineering adaptive software","created_at":"2016-08-31T10:18:02.260-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28157699/Feed_me_feed_me_an_exemplar_for_engineering_adaptive_software?f_ri=210893","dom_id":"work_28157699","summary":"The Internet of Things (IoT) promises to deliver improved quality of life for citizens, through pervasive connectivity and quantified monitoring of devices, people, and their environment. As such, the IoT presents a major new opportunity for research in adaptive software engineering. However, there are currently no shared exemplars that can support software engineering researchers to explore and potentially address the challenges of engineering adaptive software for the IoT, and to comparatively evaluate proposed solutions. In this paper, we present Feed me, Feed me, an exemplar that represents an IoT-based ecosystem to support food security at different levels of granularity: individuals, families, cities, and nations.\n\nWe describe this exemplar using animated videos which highlight the requirements that have been informally observed to play a critical role in the success or failure of IoT-based software systems. These requirements are: security and privacy, interoperability, adaptation, and personalisation. To elicit a wide spectrum of user reactions, we created these animated videos based on the ContraVision empirical methodology [23], which specifically supports the elicitation of end-user requirements for controversial or futuristic technologies. Our deployment of ContraVision presented our pilot study subjects with an equal number of utopian and dystopian scenarios, derived from the food security domain, and described them at different levels of granularity.\n\nOur synthesis of the preliminary empirical findings suggests a number of key requirements and software engineering research challenges in this area. We offer these to the research community, together with a rich exemplar and associated scenarios available in both their textual form in the paper and as a series of animated videos (http://sead1.open.ac.uk/fmfm/).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48473016,"asset_id":28157699,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52713414,"first_name":"Charith","last_name":"Perera","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CharithPerera8","display_name":"Charith Perera","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CharithPerera8?f_ri=210893","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52713414/13920354/36068191/s65_charith.perera.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":449,"name":"Software Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Engineering?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":5677,"name":"Adaptation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptation?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":9135,"name":"The Internet of Things","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Internet_of_Things?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":38360,"name":"Food Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Security?f_ri=210893","nofollow":false},{"id":86661,"name":"User Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/User_Studies?f_ri=210893"},{"id":210893,"name":"Exemplar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar?f_ri=210893"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Model">Development Model</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="210892">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="210892">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interdisciplinary">Interdisciplinary</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="70846">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="70846">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integral_economics">Integral economics</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="24590">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="24590">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoconservatism">Neoconservatism</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="86556">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="86556">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integral_ecology">Integral ecology</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="144706">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="144706">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoclassical_Economics">Neoclassical Economics</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="201153">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="201153">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Riba">Riba</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="246310">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="246310">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cook">Cook</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="260809">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="260809">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/AQAL">AQAL</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="647442">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="647442">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integral_Leadership">Integral Leadership</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="964929">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="964929">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar/MostDownloaded" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "0f33768619c279fd695ec51528da12b62bfb378218006f709ec5a97388784e0e", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="7+omx/HnNsVrY0WOJZotxKQsh7QzWXNwNdvgOF44uMyo1Xz49InazeNlUJs30VVZY99F0HaL9LwZ0ABXaNO67Q==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exemplar/MostDownloaded" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="XIpdQFHZAs1v0awKSizkCnQl6s0v8Xem7asyB2DLLYsbtQd/VLfuxefXuR9YZ5yXs9YoqWoj8GrBoNJoViAvqg==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>