CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <script data-no-defer="1" data-ezscrex="false" data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer data-cookieconsent="ignore"> var ctPublicFunctions = {"_ajax_nonce":"068f030773","_rest_nonce":"592d5bec91","_ajax_url":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","_rest_url":"https:\/\/www.build-electronic-circuits.com\/wp-json\/","data__cookies_type":"native","data__ajax_type":"rest","data__bot_detector_enabled":"0","data__frontend_data_log_enabled":1,"cookiePrefix":"","wprocket_detected":false,"host_url":"www.build-electronic-circuits.com","text__ee_click_to_select":"Click to select the whole data","text__ee_original_email":"The original one is","text__ee_got_it":"Got it","text__ee_blocked":"Blocked","text__ee_cannot_connect":"Cannot connect","text__ee_cannot_decode":"Can not decode email. Unknown reason","text__ee_email_decoder":"CleanTalk email decoder","text__ee_wait_for_decoding":"The magic is on the way, please wait for a few seconds!","text__ee_decoding_process":"Decoding the contact data, let us a few seconds to finish."} </script> <script data-no-defer="1" data-ezscrex="false" data-cfasync="false" data-pagespeed-no-defer data-cookieconsent="ignore"> var ctPublic = {"_ajax_nonce":"068f030773","settings__forms__check_internal":"0","settings__forms__check_external":"0","settings__forms__force_protection":0,"settings__forms__search_test":"1","settings__data__bot_detector_enabled":"0","settings__sfw__anti_crawler":0,"blog_home":"https:\/\/www.build-electronic-circuits.com\/","pixel__setting":"0","pixel__enabled":false,"pixel__url":null,"data__email_check_before_post":"1","data__email_check_exist_post":0,"data__cookies_type":"native","data__key_is_ok":true,"data__visible_fields_required":true,"wl_brandname":"Anti-Spam by CleanTalk","wl_brandname_short":"CleanTalk","ct_checkjs_key":1405149170,"emailEncoderPassKey":"e4a593849b9e02b26e0501b00b8685b3","bot_detector_forms_excluded":"W10=","advancedCacheExists":false,"varnishCacheExists":false,"wc_ajax_add_to_cart":false} </script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">  <title>Electronics Explained The Easy Way</title> <meta name="description" content="I will teach you to build electronic circuits. Here you'll learn electronics from scratch and everything is explained in simple ways." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Electronics Explained The Easy Way" /> <meta property="og:description" content="I will teach you to build electronic circuits. Here you'll learn electronics from scratch and everything is explained in simple ways." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Build Electronic Circuits" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/BuildElectronicCircuits/" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-02-28T15:01:25+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/BEC-featured-image.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="629" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@oyvdahl" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/","url":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/","name":"Electronics Explained The Easy Way","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/#website"},"about":{"@id":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/#/schema/person/4a4458ed119f4e25d315ef766ab77a0b"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/BEC-featured-image.jpg","datePublished":"2020-06-03T11:01:15+00:00","dateModified":"2024-02-28T15:01:25+00:00","description":"I will teach you to build electronic circuits. Here you'll learn electronics from scratch and everything is explained in simple ways.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/#primaryimage","url":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/BEC-featured-image.jpg","contentUrl":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/BEC-featured-image.jpg","width":1200,"height":629},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Electronics Explained The Easy Way"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/#website","url":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/","name":"Build Electronic Circuits","description":"Electronics explained in a simple way","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/#/schema/person/4a4458ed119f4e25d315ef766ab77a0b"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/#/schema/person/4a4458ed119f4e25d315ef766ab77a0b","name":"Øyvind Nydal Dahl","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/oyvind-profile-pic-mod.jpg","contentUrl":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/oyvind-profile-pic-mod.jpg","width":500,"height":500,"caption":"Øyvind Nydal Dahl"},"logo":{"@id":"https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/#/schema/person/image/"},"description":"Øyvind Nydal Dahl is an author, maker, and electronics enthusiast from Norway. He holds a master's degree in electronics from the University of Oslo and have been teaching electronics since 2012 through books, workshops, courses and articles. He's the founder of the online electronics academy Ohmify. And he's the author of Electronics For Kids and A Beginner's Guide To Circuits.","sameAs":["https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com","https://www.facebook.com/BuildElectronicCircuits/","https://www.linkedin.com/in/oyvdahl/","https://x.com/oyvdahl","https://www.youtube.com/user/BuildElecCircuits/"]}]}</script>  <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-quicklatex-format-css' href='https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-quicklatex/css/quicklatex-format.css?ver=6.7.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--contrast: var(--contrast);--wp--preset--color--contrast-2: var(--contrast-2);--wp--preset--color--contrast-3: var(--contrast-3);--wp--preset--color--base: var(--base);--wp--preset--color--base-2: var(--base-2);--wp--preset--color--base-3: var(--base-3);--wp--preset--color--accent: var(--accent);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='category-menu-styles-css' href='https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/plugins/category-menus/styles.css?ver=6.7.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ct_public_css-css' href='https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/plugins/cleantalk-spam-protect/css/cleantalk-public.min.css?ver=6.53' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ct_email_decoder_css-css' href='https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/plugins/cleantalk-spam-protect/css/cleantalk-email-decoder.min.css?ver=6.53' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-widget-areas-css' href='https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/components/widget-areas.min.css?ver=3.5.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-style-css' href='https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/main.min.css?ver=3.5.1' media='all' /> <style id='generate-style-inline-css'> body{background-color:var(--base-2);color:var(--contrast);}a{color:var(--accent);}a{text-decoration:underline;}.entry-title a, .site-branding a, a.button, .wp-block-button__link, .main-navigation a{text-decoration:none;}a:hover, a:focus, a:active{color:var(--contrast);}.wp-block-group__inner-container{max-width:1200px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}@media (max-width: 1024px) and (min-width: 769px){.inside-header{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;}.site-logo, .site-branding{margin-bottom:1.5em;}#site-navigation{margin:0 auto;}.header-widget{margin-top:1.5em;}}.site-header .header-image{width:350px;}:root{--contrast:#2D3142;--contrast-2:#404660;--contrast-3:#A4A7B3;--base:#f0f0f0;--base-2:#ffffff;--base-3:#ffffff;--accent:#114B5F;}:root .has-contrast-color{color:var(--contrast);}:root .has-contrast-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast);}:root .has-contrast-2-color{color:var(--contrast-2);}:root .has-contrast-2-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast-2);}:root .has-contrast-3-color{color:var(--contrast-3);}:root .has-contrast-3-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast-3);}:root .has-base-color{color:var(--base);}:root .has-base-background-color{background-color:var(--base);}:root .has-base-2-color{color:var(--base-2);}:root .has-base-2-background-color{background-color:var(--base-2);}:root .has-base-3-color{color:var(--base-3);}:root .has-base-3-background-color{background-color:var(--base-3);}:root .has-accent-color{color:var(--accent);}:root .has-accent-background-color{background-color:var(--accent);}.gp-modal:not(.gp-modal--open):not(.gp-modal--transition){display:none;}.gp-modal--transition:not(.gp-modal--open){pointer-events:none;}.gp-modal-overlay:not(.gp-modal-overlay--open):not(.gp-modal--transition){display:none;}.gp-modal__overlay{display:none;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.2);display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;z-index:10000;backdrop-filter:blur(3px);transition:opacity 500ms ease;opacity:0;}.gp-modal--open:not(.gp-modal--transition) .gp-modal__overlay{opacity:1;}.gp-modal__container{max-width:100%;max-height:100vh;transform:scale(0.9);transition:transform 500ms ease;padding:0 10px;}.gp-modal--open:not(.gp-modal--transition) .gp-modal__container{transform:scale(1);}.search-modal-fields{display:flex;}.gp-search-modal .gp-modal__overlay{align-items:flex-start;padding-top:25vh;background:var(--gp-search-modal-overlay-bg-color);}.search-modal-form{width:500px;max-width:100%;background-color:var(--gp-search-modal-bg-color);color:var(--gp-search-modal-text-color);}.search-modal-form .search-field, .search-modal-form .search-field:focus{width:100%;height:60px;background-color:transparent;border:0;appearance:none;color:currentColor;}.search-modal-fields button, .search-modal-fields button:active, .search-modal-fields button:focus, .search-modal-fields button:hover{background-color:transparent;border:0;color:currentColor;width:60px;}body, button, input, select, textarea{font-family:-apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol";font-size:20px;}body{line-height:1.7;}.top-bar{background-color:#636363;color:#ffffff;}.top-bar a{color:#ffffff;}.top-bar a:hover{color:#303030;}.site-header{background-color:var(--base-3);}.main-title a,.main-title a:hover{color:var(--contrast);}.site-description{color:var(--contrast-2);}.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .menu-toggle,.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .menu-toggle:hover,.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .menu-toggle:focus,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation.toggled{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);}.main-navigation,.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:var(--base-3);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a, .main-navigation .menu-toggle, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items{color:var(--contrast);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):hover > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):focus > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.sfHover:not([class*="current-menu-"]) > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover > a{color:var(--accent);}button.menu-toggle:hover,button.menu-toggle:focus{color:var(--contrast);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li[class*="current-menu-"] > a{color:var(--accent);}.navigation-search input[type="search"],.navigation-search input[type="search"]:active, .navigation-search input[type="search"]:focus, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.search-item.active > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items .search-item.active > a{color:var(--accent);}.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:var(--base);}.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .one-container .container, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .inside-page-header{background-color:var(--base-3);}.entry-title a{color:var(--contrast);}.entry-title a:hover{color:var(--contrast-2);}.entry-meta{color:var(--contrast-2);}.sidebar .widget{background-color:var(--base-3);}.footer-widgets{background-color:var(--base-3);}.site-info{background-color:var(--base-3);}input[type="text"],input[type="email"],input[type="url"],input[type="password"],input[type="search"],input[type="tel"],input[type="number"],textarea,select{color:var(--contrast);background-color:var(--base-2);border-color:var(--base);}input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,input[type="tel"]:focus,input[type="number"]:focus,textarea:focus,select:focus{color:var(--contrast);background-color:var(--base-2);border-color:var(--contrast-3);}button,html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],a.button,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background){color:#ffffff;background-color:#55555e;}button:hover,html input[type="button"]:hover,input[type="reset"]:hover,input[type="submit"]:hover,a.button:hover,button:focus,html input[type="button"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="submit"]:focus,a.button:focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):active,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):hover{color:#ffffff;background-color:#3f4047;}a.generate-back-to-top{background-color:rgba( 0,0,0,0.4 );color:#ffffff;}a.generate-back-to-top:hover,a.generate-back-to-top:focus{background-color:rgba( 0,0,0,0.6 );color:#ffffff;}:root{--gp-search-modal-bg-color:var(--base-3);--gp-search-modal-text-color:var(--contrast);--gp-search-modal-overlay-bg-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.2);}@media (max-width: 768px){.main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover > a{background:none;color:var(--contrast);}}.nav-below-header .main-navigation .inside-navigation.grid-container, .nav-above-header .main-navigation .inside-navigation.grid-container{padding:0px 20px 0px 20px;}.site-main .wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:40px;}.separate-containers .paging-navigation{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px;}.entry-content .alignwide, body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-40px;width:calc(100% + 80px);max-width:calc(100% + 80px);}.rtl .menu-item-has-children .dropdown-menu-toggle{padding-left:20px;}.rtl .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.menu-item-has-children > a{padding-right:20px;}@media (max-width:768px){.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .one-container .site-content, .inside-page-header{padding:30px;}.site-main .wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:30px;}.inside-top-bar{padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px;}.inside-header{padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px;}.widget-area .widget{padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px;}.footer-widgets-container{padding-top:30px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:30px;padding-left:30px;}.inside-site-info{padding-right:30px;padding-left:30px;}.entry-content .alignwide, body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-30px;width:calc(100% + 60px);max-width:calc(100% + 60px);}.one-container .site-main .paging-navigation{margin-bottom:20px;}}/* End cached CSS */.is-right-sidebar{width:30%;}.is-left-sidebar{width:30%;}.site-content .content-area{width:100%;}@media (max-width: 768px){.main-navigation .menu-toggle,.sidebar-nav-mobile:not(#sticky-placeholder){display:block;}.main-navigation ul,.gen-sidebar-nav,.main-navigation:not(.slideout-navigation):not(.toggled) .main-nav > ul,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation .inside-navigation > *:not(.navigation-search):not(.main-nav){display:none;}.nav-align-right .inside-navigation,.nav-align-center .inside-navigation{justify-content:space-between;}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .mobile-menu-control-wrapper{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .inside-header{flex-direction:row;text-align:left;flex-wrap:wrap;}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .header-widget,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation{flex-basis:100%;}.nav-float-left .has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation{order:10;}} .dynamic-author-image-rounded{border-radius:100%;}.dynamic-featured-image, .dynamic-author-image{vertical-align:middle;}.one-container.blog .dynamic-content-template:not(:last-child), .one-container.archive .dynamic-content-template:not(:last-child){padding-bottom:0px;}.dynamic-entry-excerpt > p:last-child{margin-bottom:0px;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-child-css' href='https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/style.css?ver=1736364469' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='catcher-front-css' href='https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/plugins/signup-catcher/assets/css/front.css?ver=1743148710' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-navigation-branding-css' href='https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/menu-plus/functions/css/navigation-branding-flex.min.css?ver=2.5.0' media='all' /> <style id='generate-navigation-branding-inline-css'> @media (max-width: 768px){.site-header, #site-navigation, #sticky-navigation{display:none !important;opacity:0.0;}#mobile-header{display:block !important;width:100% !important;}#mobile-header .main-nav > ul{display:none;}#mobile-header.toggled .main-nav > ul, #mobile-header .menu-toggle, #mobile-header .mobile-bar-items{display:block;}#mobile-header .main-nav{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;-webkit-box-ordinal-group:5;-ms-flex-order:4;order:4;}}.main-navigation.has-branding .inside-navigation.grid-container, .main-navigation.has-branding.grid-container .inside-navigation:not(.grid-container){padding:0px 40px 0px 40px;}.main-navigation.has-branding:not(.grid-container) .inside-navigation:not(.grid-container) .navigation-branding{margin-left:10px;}.navigation-branding img, .site-logo.mobile-header-logo img{height:60px;width:auto;}.navigation-branding .main-title{line-height:60px;}@media (max-width: 768px){.main-navigation.has-branding.nav-align-center .menu-bar-items, .main-navigation.has-sticky-branding.navigation-stick.nav-align-center .menu-bar-items{margin-left:auto;}.navigation-branding{margin-right:auto;margin-left:10px;}.navigation-branding .main-title, .mobile-header-navigation .site-logo{margin-left:10px;}.main-navigation.has-branding .inside-navigation.grid-container{padding:0px;}} </style> <script async="async" data-pagespeed-no-defer src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/plugins/cleantalk-spam-protect/js/apbct-public-bundle.min.js?ver=6.53" id="ct_public_functions-js"></script> <script src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-quicklatex/js/wp-quicklatex-frontend.js?ver=1.0" id="wp-quicklatex-frontend-js"></script> <script> function setCookie(name, value, days) { var expires = ""; if (days) { var date = new Date(); date.setTime(date.getTime() + (days * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)); expires = "; expires=" + date.toUTCString(); } document.cookie = name + "=" + (value || "") + expires + "; path=/"; } // Capture fbclid and set the fbc cookie var urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var fbclid = urlParams.get('fbclid'); if (fbclid) { var fbcValue = 'fb.' + new Date().getTime() + '.' + fbclid; setCookie('fbc', fbcValue, 90); // Store fbc for 90 days } // Set fbp cookie for all visitors function generateFbp() { var timestamp = Math.floor(new Date().getTime() / 1000); var randomPart = Math.floor(Math.random() * 1e9); return 'fb.1.' + timestamp + '.' + randomPart; } if (!document.cookie.includes('fbp=')) { var fbpValue = generateFbp(); setCookie('fbp', fbpValue, 90); // Store fbp for 90 days } </script> <script defer event-category="" data-domain="build-electronic-circuits.com" src="https://plausible.io/js/script.pageview-props.tagged-events.js"></script>  <script type='text/javascript'> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js?v=next'); </script>  <script type='text/javascript'> var url = window.location.origin + '?ob=open-bridge'; fbq('set', 'openbridge', '165977292002783', url); </script> <script type='text/javascript'>fbq('init', '165977292002783', {}, { "agent": "wordpress-6.7.2-4.0.1" })</script><script type='text/javascript'> fbq('track', 'PageView', []); </script>  <noscript> <img height="1" width="1" style="display:none" alt="fbpx" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=165977292002783&ev=PageView&noscript=1" /> </noscript>  <link rel="icon" href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-Icon-512x512-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-Icon-512x512-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-Icon-512x512-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-Icon-512x512-270x270.png" /> </head> <body class="home page-template-default page page-id-15998 wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive post-image-aligned-center sticky-menu-fade mobile-header mobile-header-logo no-sidebar nav-float-right one-container header-aligned-left dropdown-hover" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemscope> <a class="screen-reader-text skip-link" href="#content" title="Skip to content">Skip to content</a> <header class="site-header has-inline-mobile-toggle" id="masthead" aria-label="Site" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPHeader" itemscope> <div class="inside-header grid-container"> <div class="site-logo"> <a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/" rel="home"> <img class="header-image is-logo-image" alt="Build Electronic Circuits" src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Logo-WP-500px.png" width="500" height="100" /> </a> </div> <nav class="main-navigation mobile-menu-control-wrapper" id="mobile-menu-control-wrapper" aria-label="Mobile Toggle"> <div class="menu-bar-items"> <span class="menu-bar-item"> <a href="#" role="button" aria-label="Open search" data-gpmodal-trigger="gp-search"><span class="gp-icon icon-search"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M208 48c-88.366 0-160 71.634-160 160s71.634 160 160 160 160-71.634 160-160S296.366 48 208 48zM0 208C0 93.125 93.125 0 208 0s208 93.125 208 208c0 48.741-16.765 93.566-44.843 129.024l133.826 134.018c9.366 9.379 9.355 24.575-.025 33.941-9.379 9.366-24.575 9.355-33.941-.025L337.238 370.987C301.747 399.167 256.839 416 208 416 93.125 416 0 322.875 0 208z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span></a> </span> </div> <button data-nav="site-navigation" class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="gp-icon icon-menu-bars"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M0 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span> </button> </nav> <nav class="main-navigation has-menu-bar-items sub-menu-right" id="site-navigation" aria-label="Primary" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope> <div class="inside-navigation grid-container"> <button class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="gp-icon icon-menu-bars"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M0 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span> </button> <div id="primary-menu" class="main-nav"><ul id="menu-top-menu" class=" menu sf-menu"><li id="menu-item-18806" class="two-column-menu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-18806"><a>Tutorials<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M305.913 197.085c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.833 6.514L171.087 335.593c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.515 2.832s-4.815-1.133-6.515-2.832L26.064 203.599c-1.7-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.832-6.515l14.162-14.163c1.7-1.699 3.966-2.832 6.515-2.832 2.266 0 4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l111.316 111.317 111.316-111.317c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.832 6.515-2.832s4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l14.162 14.163c1.7 1.7 2.833 4.249 2.833 6.515z" /></svg></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-18810" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18810"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/555-timer/">555 Timer</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18875" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18875"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/what-is-arduino/">Arduino</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18979" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18979"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/basic-electronics/">Basic Electronics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18860" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18860"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-does-a-capacitor-work/">Capacitors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-19579" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-19579"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-to-build-circuits/">Circuit Building</a></li> <li id="menu-item-15794" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15794"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/category/circuits/">Circuits & Projects</a></li> <li id="menu-item-16722" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-16722"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/category/digital-electronics/">Digital Electronics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18878" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18878"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/what-is-a-diode/">Diodes</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18850" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18850"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/basic-electronic-components/">Electronic Components</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18865" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18865"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/kicad-tutorial/">KiCad</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18819" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18819"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-to-learn-electronics/">Learn Electronics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18920" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18920"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/what-is-an-led/">Light-Emitting Diodes</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18809" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18809"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/logic-gates/">Logic Gates</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18866" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18866"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/what-is-a-microcontroller/">Microcontrollers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18870" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18870"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/pcb-design/">PCB Design</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20853" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-20853"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/linear-power-supply/">Power Supplies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18872" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18872"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/learn-to-repair-electronics/">Repair Electronics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18834" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18834"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/what-is-a-resistor/">Resistors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18873" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18873"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/electronic-schematics/">Schematic Diagrams</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18811" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18811"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-to-solder/">Soldering</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18874" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18874"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-transistors-work/">Transistors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20164" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20164"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/4000-series-integrated-circuits/">4000 Series IC</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20163" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20163"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/7400-series-integrated-circuits/">7400 Series IC</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-8838" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8838"><a href="https://ohmify.com/" title="Academy with courses for learning electronics">Electronics Courses</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8836" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8836"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/about/">About Me</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8837" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8837"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/contact/">Contact</a></li> </ul></div><div class="menu-bar-items"> <span class="menu-bar-item"> <a href="#" role="button" aria-label="Open search" data-gpmodal-trigger="gp-search"><span class="gp-icon icon-search"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M208 48c-88.366 0-160 71.634-160 160s71.634 160 160 160 160-71.634 160-160S296.366 48 208 48zM0 208C0 93.125 93.125 0 208 0s208 93.125 208 208c0 48.741-16.765 93.566-44.843 129.024l133.826 134.018c9.366 9.379 9.355 24.575-.025 33.941-9.379 9.366-24.575 9.355-33.941-.025L337.238 370.987C301.747 399.167 256.839 416 208 416 93.125 416 0 322.875 0 208z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span></a> </span> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <nav id="mobile-header" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope class="main-navigation mobile-header-navigation has-branding has-menu-bar-items"> <div class="inside-navigation grid-container grid-parent"> <div class="site-logo mobile-header-logo"> <a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/" title="Build Electronic Circuits" rel="home"> <img src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cropped-Logo-final@0.5x.png" alt="Build Electronic Circuits" class="is-logo-image" width="890" height="134" /> </a> </div> <button class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="mobile-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="gp-icon icon-menu-bars"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M0 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24zm0 160c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h464c13.255 0 24 10.745 24 24s-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span> </button> <div id="mobile-menu" class="main-nav"><ul id="menu-top-menu-1" class=" menu sf-menu"><li class="two-column-menu menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-18806"><a>Tutorials<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"><span class="gp-icon icon-arrow"><svg viewBox="0 0 330 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M305.913 197.085c0 2.266-1.133 4.815-2.833 6.514L171.087 335.593c-1.7 1.7-4.249 2.832-6.515 2.832s-4.815-1.133-6.515-2.832L26.064 203.599c-1.7-1.7-2.832-4.248-2.832-6.514s1.132-4.816 2.832-6.515l14.162-14.163c1.7-1.699 3.966-2.832 6.515-2.832 2.266 0 4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l111.316 111.317 111.316-111.317c1.7-1.699 4.249-2.832 6.515-2.832s4.815 1.133 6.515 2.832l14.162 14.163c1.7 1.7 2.833 4.249 2.833 6.515z" /></svg></span></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18810"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/555-timer/">555 Timer</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18875"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/what-is-arduino/">Arduino</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18979"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/basic-electronics/">Basic Electronics</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18860"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-does-a-capacitor-work/">Capacitors</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-19579"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-to-build-circuits/">Circuit Building</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15794"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/category/circuits/">Circuits & Projects</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-16722"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/category/digital-electronics/">Digital Electronics</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18878"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/what-is-a-diode/">Diodes</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18850"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/basic-electronic-components/">Electronic Components</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-18865"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/kicad-tutorial/">KiCad</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18819"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-to-learn-electronics/">Learn Electronics</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18920"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/what-is-an-led/">Light-Emitting Diodes</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18809"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/logic-gates/">Logic Gates</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18866"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/what-is-a-microcontroller/">Microcontrollers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18870"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/pcb-design/">PCB Design</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-20853"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/linear-power-supply/">Power Supplies</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18872"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/learn-to-repair-electronics/">Repair Electronics</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18834"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/what-is-a-resistor/">Resistors</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18873"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/electronic-schematics/">Schematic Diagrams</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18811"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-to-solder/">Soldering</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-18874"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-transistors-work/">Transistors</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20164"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/4000-series-integrated-circuits/">4000 Series IC</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20163"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/7400-series-integrated-circuits/">7400 Series IC</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-8838"><a href="https://ohmify.com/" title="Academy with courses for learning electronics">Electronics Courses</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8836"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/about/">About Me</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8837"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/contact/">Contact</a></li> </ul></div><div class="menu-bar-items"> <span class="menu-bar-item"> <a href="#" role="button" aria-label="Open search" data-gpmodal-trigger="gp-search"><span class="gp-icon icon-search"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M208 48c-88.366 0-160 71.634-160 160s71.634 160 160 160 160-71.634 160-160S296.366 48 208 48zM0 208C0 93.125 93.125 0 208 0s208 93.125 208 208c0 48.741-16.765 93.566-44.843 129.024l133.826 134.018c9.366 9.379 9.355 24.575-.025 33.941-9.379 9.366-24.575 9.355-33.941-.025L337.238 370.987C301.747 399.167 256.839 416 208 416 93.125 416 0 322.875 0 208z" /></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /></svg></span></a> </span> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="wp-block-media-text alignfull has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile is-vertically-aligned-center is-style-default hero-banner has-base-2-background-color has-background" style="grid-template-columns:auto 30%"><div class="wp-block-media-text__content"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading has-contrast-color has-text-color" style="font-size:56px"><strong>Learn to build electronics with Oyvind's Circuit Tips</strong></h2> <p class="has-contrast-color has-text-color" style="font-size:24px">Click the button below to <strong>sign up for Oyvind's Circuit Tips</strong> (it's free) and receive my tips on how to learn electronics, including lessons, tutorials, and more via email.</p> <div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-1 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-button has-custom-font-size" style="font-size:24px"><a class="wp-block-button__link has-base-2-color has-accent-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-text-align-center wp-element-button" href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/join-my-newsletter/" style="border-radius:5px">Yes, I want this!</a></div> </div> </div><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="800" height="866" src="https://build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/oyvind-hero-circuit-800.png" alt="" class="wp-image-16061 size-full" srcset="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/oyvind-hero-circuit-800.png 800w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/oyvind-hero-circuit-800-277x300.png 277w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/oyvind-hero-circuit-800-768x831.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></figure></div> <div style="height:50px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <div class="site grid-container container hfeed" id="page"> <div class="site-content" id="content"> <div class="content-area" id="primary"> <main class="site-main" id="main"> <article id="post-15998" class="post-15998 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <h4 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center">OYVIND WAS FEATURED ON</h4> <div class="featured-in inner-content"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/wsj-logo-grayscale.png"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/life-hacker-logo-grayscale.png"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/huffingtonpost-logo-grayscale.png"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/GeekDad-logo-grayscale.png"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ee-times-logo-grayscale.png"></div> <div style="height:60px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <h2 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center">Learn Electronics With Our Tutorials</h2> <div class="tutorials-group"> <a href="/what-is-arduino/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="arduino_icon" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/arduino.svg" alt="Arduino Icon" /> Arduino </div></a> <a href="/basic-electronics/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="basic_electronics_icon" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/BasicElectronics.svg" alt="Basic Electronics Icon" /> Basic Electronics </div></a> <a href="/how-does-a-capacitor-work/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="capacitors_icon" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/capacitors.svg" alt="Capacitors Icon" /> Capacitors </div></a> <a href="/how-to-build-circuits/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="circuit_building_icon" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/CircuitBuilding.svg" alt="Circuit Building Icon" /> Circuit Building </div></a> <a href="/category/circuits/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="circuir_project_icon" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/circuits&projects.svg" alt="IC Icon" /> Circuits & Projects </div></a> <a href="/category/digital-electronics/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="digital_electronics_icon" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/electroniccomponents.svg" alt="Digital Electronics Icon" /> Digital Electronics </div></a> <a href="/what-is-a-diode/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="diodes" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/Diodes.svg" alt="Diode Icon" /> Diodes </div></a> <a href="/basic-electronic-components/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="electronics_components_icon" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/electroniccomponents.svg" alt="Electronic Components Icon" /> Electronic Components </div></a> <a href="/kicad-tutorial/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="Kicad" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/kicad.svg" alt="Kicad Icon" /> Kicad </div></a> <a href="/how-to-learn-electronics/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="learn_electronics_icon" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/learnElectronics.svg" alt="Learn Electronics Icon" /> Learn Electronics </div></a> <a href="/what-is-an-led/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="light_emitting_icon" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/light-emitting.svg" alt="Light-Emitting Diode Icon" /> Light-Emitting Diodes </div></a> <a href="/logic-gates/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="logicGates" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/logicGates.svg" alt="Logic Gates Icon" /> Logic Gates </div></a> <a href="/what-is-a-microcontroller/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="microcontroles_icon" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/Micro.svg" alt="Microcontroller Icon" /> Microcontrollers </div></a> <a href="/pcb-design/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="pbc_icon" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/PCB.svg" alt="PCB Design Icon" /> PCB Design </div></a> <a href="/linear-power-supply/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="power_supplies_icon" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/PowerSupplies.svg" alt="Power Supply Icon" /> Power Supplies </div></a> <a href="/what-is-a-resistor/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="resistors" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/Resistors.svg" alt="Resistor Icon" /> Resistors </div></a> <a href="/learn-to-repair-electronics/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="repair_electronics_icon" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/repairElectronics.svg" alt="Repair Electronics Icon" /> Repair Electronics </div></a> <a href="/electronic-schematics/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="schematic_icon" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/SchematicDiagrams.svg" alt="Schematic Diagrams Icon" /> Schematic Diagrams </div></a> <a href="/how-to-solder/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="soldering_icon" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/Soldering.svg" alt="Soldering Icon" /> Soldering </div></a> <a href="/how-transistors-work/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="transistors_icon" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/Transistors.svg" alt="Transistors Icon" /> Transistors </div></a> <a href="/555-timer/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="Timer_icon" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/555.svg" alt="555 Timer Icon" /> 555 Timer </div></a> <a href="/4000-series-integrated-circuits/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="SeriesChips4_icon" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/4000.svg" alt="4000 Series Icon" /> 4000 Series Chips </div></a> <a href="/7400-series-integrated-circuits/"><div class="tutorial-single"> <img decoding="async" id="SeriesChips74_icon" src="/wp-content/themes/generatepress-child-bec/icons-front-page/7400.svg" alt="7400 Series Icon" /> 7400 Series Chips </div></a> </div> <div style="height:40px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <div class="wp-block-group featured-resources inner-content"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-contrast-color has-text-color has-large-font-size">Featured Resources</h2> <div class="wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><a href="https://build-electronic-circuits.com/how-transistors-work/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="712" src="https://build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/transistor-pile-1024x712.jpg" alt="A pile of various transistors" class="wp-image-8451 size-full" srcset="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/transistor-pile-1024x712.jpg 1024w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/transistor-pile-300x209.jpg 300w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/transistor-pile-768x534.jpg 768w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/transistor-pile.jpg 1473w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-transistors-work/">How Transistors Work</a></h3> <p>The transistor works like an electronic switch. It can turn a current ON and OFF. In this guide, you’ll learn how both an NPN and a MOSFET transistor work.</p> <a class="button" href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-transistors-work/">Read Guide</a> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-to-learn-electronics/"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="576" src="https://build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/learn-electronics-cover-1024x576.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-16058 size-full" srcset="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/learn-electronics-cover-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/learn-electronics-cover-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/learn-electronics-cover-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/learn-electronics-cover-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/learn-electronics-cover.jpg 1920w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-to-learn-electronics/">How To Learn Electronics?</a></h3> <p>Do you want to learn electronics, so that you can build your own gadgets? Follow these ten steps and stop wasting time learning unnecessary things.</p> <a class="button" href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-to-learn-electronics/">Read Guide</a> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/build-blinking-light-circuit/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="712" src="https://build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/blinking-led-circuit-1024x712.jpg" alt="Blinking LED on breadboard" class="wp-image-8709 size-full" srcset="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/blinking-led-circuit-1024x712.jpg 1024w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/blinking-led-circuit-300x209.jpg 300w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/blinking-led-circuit-768x534.jpg 768w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/blinking-led-circuit.jpg 1473w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/build-blinking-light-circuit/">Your First Circuit: How to Blink a Light [VIDEO]</a></h3> <p>Do you want to build a circuit that blinks a light? This inverter-based circuit is simple, and you can build it even if you have never built anything before.</p> <a class="button" href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/build-blinking-light-circuit/">Read Tutorial</a> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-to-solder/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="576" src="https://build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/how-to-solder-fi-09.06.2020-1024x576.jpg" alt="Man soldering (illustration)" class="wp-image-16034 size-full" srcset="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/how-to-solder-fi-09.06.2020.jpg 1024w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/how-to-solder-fi-09.06.2020-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/how-to-solder-fi-09.06.2020-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/how-to-solder-fi-09.06.2020-1536x864.jpg 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-to-solder/">How To Solder – A Simple Guide For Beginners and Hobbyists</a></h3> <p>Basic soldering is easy. All you need is a soldering iron and some solder. When my dad taught me as a teenager, I remember picking it up quite fast.</p> <a class="button" href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/how-to-solder/">Read Guide</a> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/basic-electronic-components/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="757" src="https://build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/components-1-1024x757.jpg" alt="Components on a breadboard" class="wp-image-8099 size-full" srcset="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/components-1-1024x757.jpg 1024w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/components-1-300x222.jpg 300w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/components-1-768x567.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/basic-electronic-components/">The 6 Most Common Components and How They Work</a></h3> <p>In this guide, you’ll learn how the basic components in electronics work so that you can start understanding what’s going on in real circuit diagrams.</p> <a class="button" href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/basic-electronic-components/">Read Guide</a> <p></p> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile"><figure class="wp-block-media-text__media"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/4000-series-integrated-circuits/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="576" src="https://build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/4000-series-IC-cover.png" alt="4000 Series IC cover" class="wp-image-16719 size-full" srcset="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/4000-series-IC-cover.png 1024w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/4000-series-IC-cover-300x169.png 300w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/4000-series-IC-cover-768x432.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure><div class="wp-block-media-text__content"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/logic-gates/">Logic Gates Tutorial for Beginners</a></h3> <p>Logic gates are the basic building blocks of digital electronics. These are the components that we use for “doing stuff” with the 1s and 0s.</p> <a class="button" href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/logic-gates/">Read Tutorial</a> </div></div> </div></div> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide"/> <h2 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center">Latest From the Blog</h2> <ul class="wp-block-latest-posts__list is-grid columns-3 has-dates wp-block-latest-posts"><li><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="500" height="364" src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/FM_Transmitter-schematic-500x364.png" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" style="max-height:150px;" srcset="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/FM_Transmitter-schematic-500x364.png 500w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/FM_Transmitter-schematic.png 1024w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/FM_Transmitter-schematic-768x559.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /></div><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/simple-fm-transmitter/">Simple FM Transmitter for Hobbyists</a><time datetime="2024-12-18T14:13:05+01:00" class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-date">December 18, 2024</time><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt">Build a compact FM transmitter to experiment with RF circuits. With this circuit, you will be able to transmit your voice over short distances using</div></li> <li><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="500" height="375" src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Remote-controlled-on-off-switch-finished-500x375.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" style="max-height:150px;" srcset="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Remote-controlled-on-off-switch-finished-500x375.jpg 500w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Remote-controlled-on-off-switch-finished-scaled.jpg 1024w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Remote-controlled-on-off-switch-finished-768x576.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /></div><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/remote-controlled-on-off-switch-project/">Remote Controlled On-Off Switch Project</a><time datetime="2024-11-21T14:30:32+01:00" class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-date">November 21, 2024</time><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt">This tutorial will guide you through building a simple remote-controlled on-off switch that will work with most IR remote controls. And you only need four</div></li> <li><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="500" height="500" src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/USB-Lamp-turned-in-dark-750px-500x500.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" style="max-height:150px;" srcset="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/USB-Lamp-turned-in-dark-750px-500x500.jpg 500w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/USB-Lamp-turned-in-dark-750px-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/USB-Lamp-turned-in-dark-750px.jpg 750w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /></div><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/usb-flashlight/">How To Build a USB Flashlight: A Simple DIY Tutorial</a><time datetime="2024-11-18T23:36:28+01:00" class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-date">November 18, 2024</time><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt">This tutorial will guide you through building a basic USB-powered light with five Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs). You can expand on this and put it into</div></li> <li><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="469" height="334" src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/opto_parts.png" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="Inside an Optocoupler" style="max-height:150px;" /></div><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/optocoupler/">Optocoupler Tutorial for Beginners</a><time datetime="2024-11-18T22:48:44+01:00" class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-date">November 18, 2024</time><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt">An optocoupler (or opto-isolator) is a component that transfer signals between circuits using light. In this guide, you’ll learn how they work and how you</div></li> <li><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="500" height="378" src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Kitchen-LED-layout-500x378.png" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="Arduino Kitchen LED wiring diagram" style="max-height:150px;" srcset="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Kitchen-LED-layout-500x378.png 500w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Kitchen-LED-layout.png 1024w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Kitchen-LED-layout-768x581.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /></div><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/touchless-kitchen-light/">Touchless Kitchen Lighting with Arduino and Phototransistor</a><time datetime="2024-09-30T16:07:01+02:00" class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-date">September 30, 2024</time><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt">Here’s a cool Arduino project I did to bring a bit of high-tech magic to my daughter’s toy kitchen. She can now turn on the</div></li> <li><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="205" src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/microcontroller-board-2-atmega32u4-300x205.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="Microcontroller Board ATmega32u4 from Sparkfun" style="max-height:150px;" srcset="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/microcontroller-board-2-atmega32u4-300x205.jpg 300w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/microcontroller-board-2-atmega32u4-1024x700.jpg 1024w, https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/microcontroller-board-2-atmega32u4-438x300.jpg 438w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></div><a class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-title" href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/microcontroller-programming/">The Basics Of Microcontroller Programming</a><time datetime="2024-08-18T13:23:19+02:00" class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-date">August 18, 2024</time><div class="wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt">A microcontroller does not know what to do by itself. It’s your job to tell it what you want it to do. Microcontroller programming boils</div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </article> </main> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer"> <div id="footer-widgets" class="site footer-widgets"> <div class="footer-widgets-container grid-container"> <div class="inside-footer-widgets"> <div class="footer-widget-1"> <aside id="block-5" class="widget inner-padding widget_block widget_media_image"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="350" height="70" src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Logo-WP-ratio.png" alt="" class="wp-image-21237"/></figure> </aside> </div> <div class="footer-widget-2"> <aside id="nav_menu-5" class="widget inner-padding widget_nav_menu"><h2 class="widget-title">Other Topics</h2><div class="menu-other-topics-container"><ul id="menu-other-topics" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-19014" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-19014"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/circuit-calculator-conversion/">Circuit Calculators & Converters</a></li> <li id="menu-item-15772" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-15772"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/category/maker-lifestyle/">Maker Lifestyle</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8390" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-8390"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/category/mail-archive/">Newsletter Archive</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18881" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-18881"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/category/maker-lifestyle/podcast/">Podcast</a></li> <li id="menu-item-18897" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-18897"><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/blog/">Blog</a></li> </ul></div></aside> </div> <div class="footer-widget-3"> <aside id="text-21" class="widget inner-padding widget_text"><h2 class="widget-title">Social:</h2> <div class="textwidget"><ul> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/BuildElectronicCircuits/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/oyvdahl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="https://youtube.com/c/Build-electronic-circuits" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YouTube</a></li> </ul> </div> </aside><aside id="custom_html-3" class="widget_text widget inner-padding widget_custom_html"><h2 class="widget-title">Products</h2><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><ul> <li><a href="https://ohmify.com/">Electronics Course</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/products/">Other Products</a></li> </ul></div></aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="site-info" aria-label="Site" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter" itemscope> <div class="inside-site-info grid-container"> <div class="copyright-bar"> All contents are Copyright © 2025 by Ohmify AS </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script> document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () { setTimeout(function(){ if( document.querySelectorAll('[name^=ct_checkjs]').length > 0 ) { if (typeof apbct_public_sendREST === 'function' && typeof apbct_js_keys__set_input_value === 'function') { apbct_public_sendREST( 'js_keys__get', { callback: apbct_js_keys__set_input_value }) } } },1000) }) </script><script id="generate-a11y">!function(){"use strict";if("querySelector"in document&&"addEventListener"in window){var e=document.body;e.addEventListener("mousedown",function(){e.classList.add("using-mouse")}),e.addEventListener("keydown",function(){e.classList.remove("using-mouse")})}}();</script> <div class="gp-modal gp-search-modal" id="gp-search"> <div class="gp-modal__overlay" tabindex="-1" data-gpmodal-close> <div class="gp-modal__container"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-modal-form" action="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/"> <label for="search-modal-input" class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</label> <div class="search-modal-fields"> <input id="search-modal-input" type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> <button aria-label="Search"><span class="gp-icon icon-search"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M208 48c-88.366 0-160 71.634-160 160s71.634 160 160 160 160-71.634 160-160S296.366 48 208 48zM0 208C0 93.125 93.125 0 208 0s208 93.125 208 208c0 48.741-16.765 93.566-44.843 129.024l133.826 134.018c9.366 9.379 9.355 24.575-.025 33.941-9.379 9.366-24.575 9.355-33.941-.025L337.238 370.987C301.747 399.167 256.839 416 208 416 93.125 416 0 322.875 0 208z" /></svg></span></button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div>  <script type='text/javascript'> document.addEventListener( 'wpcf7mailsent', function( event ) { if( "fb_pxl_code" in event.detail.apiResponse){ eval(event.detail.apiResponse.fb_pxl_code); } }, false ); </script>  <div id='fb-pxl-ajax-code'></div><style id='core-block-supports-inline-css'> .wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-1{justify-content:center;} </style>  <script id="generate-menu-js-extra"> var generatepressMenu = {"toggleOpenedSubMenus":"1","openSubMenuLabel":"Open Sub-Menu","closeSubMenuLabel":"Close Sub-Menu"}; </script> <script src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/js/menu.min.js?ver=3.5.1" id="generate-menu-js"></script> <script src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/dist/modal.js?ver=3.5.1" id="generate-modal-js"></script> <script id="catcher-front-js-extra"> var catcher_front_params = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.build-electronic-circuits.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"33266de55d","post_id":"15998","settings":{"ls":{"percent":"50"},"inc":{"paragraph":"8"},"convertkit_api":"5TkCT6es1R42mLAhoXyXxg","redirect":"https:\/\/www.build-electronic-circuits.com\/almost-done-confirm\/"}}; </script> <script src="https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/wp-content/plugins/signup-catcher/assets/js/front.js?ver=1743148710" id="catcher-front-js"></script> </body> </html>