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class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><p>The <b>Battle of the Masts</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مَعْرَكَة ذَات الصَّوَارِي</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Maʿrakat Dhāt al-Ṣawārī</i></span>) was a <a href="/wiki/Naval_battle" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval battle">naval battle</a> fought in 655 between the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a> under the command of <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-A%27war" title="Abu al-A'war">Abu al-A'war</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> led by emperor <a href="/wiki/Constans_II" title="Constans II">Constans II</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 641–668</span>). </p><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of the Masts</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_wars" title="Arab–Byzantine wars">Arab–Byzantine wars</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarikhuna_bi-uslub_qasasi-Battle_of_Dh%C4%81t_al-%E1%B9%A2aw%C4%81r%C4%AB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tarikhuna_bi-uslub_qasasi-Battle_of_Dh%C4%81t_al-%E1%B9%A2aw%C4%81r%C4%AB.jpg/220px-Tarikhuna_bi-uslub_qasasi-Battle_of_Dh%C4%81t_al-%E1%B9%A2aw%C4%81r%C4%AB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tarikhuna_bi-uslub_qasasi-Battle_of_Dh%C4%81t_al-%E1%B9%A2aw%C4%81r%C4%AB.jpg/330px-Tarikhuna_bi-uslub_qasasi-Battle_of_Dh%C4%81t_al-%E1%B9%A2aw%C4%81r%C4%AB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tarikhuna_bi-uslub_qasasi-Battle_of_Dh%C4%81t_al-%E1%B9%A2aw%C4%81r%C4%AB.jpg/440px-Tarikhuna_bi-uslub_qasasi-Battle_of_Dh%C4%81t_al-%E1%B9%A2aw%C4%81r%C4%AB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="905" data-file-height="1336"></a></span><br>The Battle of the Masts, as portrayed in <i>Tārīkhunā bi-uslūb qaṣaṣī</i> (Our History in a Narrative style), published 1935</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>655</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Off the <a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycian coast</a> at <a href="/wiki/Finike" title="Finike">Phoenice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a><br>(modern-day <a href="/wiki/Finike" title="Finike">Finike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antalya_Province" title="Antalya Province">Antalya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>) <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_the_Masts&params=36.281898_N_30.260732_E_region:TR_scale:2000000_type:event"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°16′55″N</span> <span class="longitude">30°15′39″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.281898°N 30.260732°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.281898; 30.260732</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Rashidun Caliphate victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Muawiyah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Muawiyah I">Muawiyah I</a><br><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-A%27war" title="Abu al-A'war">Abu al-A'war</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Constans_II" title="Constans II">Constans II</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 200 ships<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 500 ships<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Light<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Almost all<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div></div></div> <p>The battle was part of the earliest campaign by <a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya_I" title="Mu'awiya I">Mu'awiya</a>, the governor of <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, to reach <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> and is considered to be "the first decisive conflict of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> on the deep".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Dating"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Dating</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Battle"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Battle</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Siege_of_Constantinople_of_655"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Siege of Constantinople of 655</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Aftermath"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Aftermath</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Dating">Dating</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Masts&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Dating" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p><a href="/wiki/Al-Tabari" title="Al-Tabari">Al-Tabari</a> records two possible dates for this naval battle: 651–652 (A.H. 31) on the authority of <a href="/wiki/Al-Waqidi" title="Al-Waqidi">al-Waqidi</a> and 654–655 (A.H. 34) on the authority of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Mashar_Sindhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Mashar Sindhi">Abu Ma'shar al-Sindi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chronicles of the Armenian Sebeos and Byzantine Theophanes concur with the latter date.<sup id="cite_ref-theophanes_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theophanes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Masts&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Umar_Farrukh%27s_Battle_of_Dh%C4%81t_al-%E1%B9%A2aw%C4%81r%C4%AB.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Umar_Farrukh%27s_Battle_of_Dh%C4%81t_al-%E1%B9%A2aw%C4%81r%C4%AB.png/220px-Umar_Farrukh%27s_Battle_of_Dh%C4%81t_al-%E1%B9%A2aw%C4%81r%C4%AB.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="938" data-file-height="730"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 171px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Umar_Farrukh%27s_Battle_of_Dh%C4%81t_al-%E1%B9%A2aw%C4%81r%C4%AB.png/220px-Umar_Farrukh%27s_Battle_of_Dh%C4%81t_al-%E1%B9%A2aw%C4%81r%C4%AB.png" data-width="220" data-height="171" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Umar_Farrukh%27s_Battle_of_Dh%C4%81t_al-%E1%B9%A2aw%C4%81r%C4%AB.png/330px-Umar_Farrukh%27s_Battle_of_Dh%C4%81t_al-%E1%B9%A2aw%C4%81r%C4%AB.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Umar_Farrukh%27s_Battle_of_Dh%C4%81t_al-%E1%B9%A2aw%C4%81r%C4%AB.png/440px-Umar_Farrukh%27s_Battle_of_Dh%C4%81t_al-%E1%B9%A2aw%C4%81r%C4%AB.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The Muslim fleet departs before the Battle of the Masts, as depicted in <i>Tareekh Al-Islam Al-Musawwar</i> (published 1964).</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 650s the Arab Caliphate <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">completed its conquest of</a> the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a> and continued its successful expansion into the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>'s territories. In 645, <a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_Sa%27d" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdallah ibn Sa'd">Abdallah ibn Sa‘d</a> was made Governor of Egypt by his foster brother <a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">Rashidun</a> Caliph <a href="/wiki/Uthman" title="Uthman">Uthman</a>, replacing the semi-independent <a href="/wiki/%27Amr_ibn_al-%27As" class="mw-redirect" title="'Amr ibn al-'As">'Amr ibn al-'As</a>. Uthman permitted Muawiyah to raid the island of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> in 649 and the success of that campaign set the stage for the undertaking of naval activities by the Government of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. Abdallah ibn Sa'd built a strong navy and proved to be a skilled naval commander. Under him the Muslim navy won a number of naval victories including repulsing a Byzantine counter-attack on <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> in 646.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 654, Muawiyah undertook an expedition in <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a> while his fleet, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Awar" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu'l-Awar">Abu'l-Awar</a>, advanced along the southern coast of <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>. Emperor Constans embarked against it with a large fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Masts&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Battle" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>The two forces met off the coast of Mount Phoenix in <a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> near the harbour of <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(Lycia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenix (Lycia)">Phoenix</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Finike" title="Finike">Finike</a>). According to the 9th century chronicler <a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a>, as the Emperor was preparing for battle, on the previous night he dreamt that he was in <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessalonica</a>; awaking he related the dream to an interpreter of dreams who said: <i>Emperor, would that you had not slept nor seen that dream for your presence in Thessalonica</i> – according to the interpreter, victory inclined to the Emperor's foes.<sup id="cite_ref-theophanes_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theophanes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The interpreter interpreted the dream this way because Θεσσαλονίκη ("Thessaloniki") sounds similar to the words '<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">δές άλλω νίκη</span></span>' (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">thes allo nike</i></span>), which mean 'give victory to another'.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the rough seas, <a href="/wiki/Tabari" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabari">Tabari</a> describes the Byzantine and Arab ships being arranged in lines and lashed together, to allow for melee combat. The Arabs were victorious in battle, although losses were heavy for both sides, and Constans barely escaped to Constantinople.<sup id="cite_ref-WT_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WT-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Theophanes, he managed to make his escape by exchanging uniforms with one of his officers.<sup id="cite_ref-theophanes_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theophanes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Siege_of_Constantinople_of_655">Siege of Constantinople of 655</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Masts&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Siege of Constantinople of 655" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Following their defeat, the respite the Romans were granted is typically ascribed to the Arab fleet retreating after its victory and conflict over the authority of <a href="/wiki/Uthman" title="Uthman">Uthman</a> among the crew, the first stirrings of a <a href="/wiki/First_Fitna" title="First Fitna">civil war among the Muslims</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WT_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WT-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No further naval attacks on this expedition are recorded in traditional Arabic sources. </p><p>However the <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> historian <a href="/wiki/Sebeos" title="Sebeos">Sebeos</a> records that the Arab fleet continued on beyond the battle at Phoenix to attempt a <a href="/wiki/List_of_sieges_of_Constantinople" title="List of sieges of Constantinople">siege of Constantinople</a>. The siege was unsuccessful, however, due to a fierce storm that sank the ships with war machines aboard, an event the Romans attributed to divine intervention. The land force led by Muawiyah in <a href="/wiki/Chalcedon" title="Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a>, having lost their artillery and siege engines, returned to <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muslim sources do not mention this event but it corresponds to notices in other Christian histories of the eastern Mediterranean, such as the chronicle of Theophanes. It suggests the early 650s invasions of Rhodes, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> were preparatory to a full-scale assault on the walls of Constantinople. Also it provides a strategic explanation for the Arab fleet's retreat following the victory in the Battle of the Masts, since the <a href="/wiki/First_Fitna" title="First Fitna">First Fitna</a> would not break out until a year later, perhaps influenced by setbacks against the Byzantines and in the Caucasus.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Masts&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aftermath" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Battle_of_the_Masts" title="Special:EditPage/Battle of the Masts">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Both the Rashidun and Roman fleets endured major casualties. Nonetheless, the Muslim victory was a significant event in the naval history of the Mediterranean Sea. From long being considered a 'Roman lake', the Mediterranean became a focus of contention between the naval might of the rising Caliphate and the Eastern Roman Empire. </p><p>This conflict would continue over the subsequent decades, with Muslims using their supremacy in the Mediterranean to go as far as Sicily and establish strongholds in Western Europe. The victory also paved the way for uncontested Muslim expansion along the coastline of North Africa. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Masts&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Caliphate_navy" title="Early Caliphate navy">Early Caliphate navy</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Masts&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ridpath, John Clark. <i>Ridpath's Universal History</i>, Merrill & Baker, Vol. 12, New York, p. 483.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFO'Sullivan2004" class="citation journal cs1">O'Sullivan, Shaun (2004-01-01). "Sebeos' account of an Arab attack on Constantinople in 654". <i>Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies</i>. <b>28</b> (1): 67–88. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2Fbyz.2004.28.1.67">10.1179/byz.2004.28.1.67</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-0131">0307-0131</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161590308">161590308</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Byzantine+and+Modern+Greek+Studies&rft.atitle=Sebeos%27+account+of+an+Arab+attack+on+Constantinople+in+654&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=67-88&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161590308%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0307-0131&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2Fbyz.2004.28.1.67&rft.aulast=O%27Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Shaun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+the+Masts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumphreys1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/R._Stephen_Humphreys" title="R. Stephen Humphreys">Humphreys, R. Stephen</a>, ed. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oALIyvjV0fEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA77"><i>The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XV: The Crisis of the Early Caliphate: The Reign of ʿUthmān, A.D. 644–656/A.H. 24–35</i></a>. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-0154-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-0154-5"><bdi>978-0-7914-0154-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+al-%E1%B9%ACabar%C4%AB%2C+Volume+XV%3A+The+Crisis+of+the+Early+Caliphate%3A+The+Reign+of+%CA%BFUthm%C4%81n%2C+A.D.+644%E2%80%93656%2FA.H.+24%E2%80%9335&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.series=SUNY+Series+in+Near+Eastern+Studies.&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-0154-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoALIyvjV0fEC%26lpg%3DPP1%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+the+Masts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theophanes-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-theophanes_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-theophanes_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-theophanes_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a>, <i>Chronographia</i>, in J. P. Migne, <i><a href="/wiki/Patrologia_Graeca" title="Patrologia Graeca">Patrologia Graeca</a></i>, vol.108, col.705</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carl F. Petry (ed.), <i>The Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume One, Islamic Egypt 640–1517</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 1998, 67. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-47137-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-47137-0">0-521-47137-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalvatore" class="citation journal cs1">Salvatore, Cosentino. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/776570">"Constans II and the Byzantine navy"</a>. <i>Byzantinische Zeitschrift</i>. <b>100</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0007-7704">0007-7704</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Byzantinische+Zeitschrift&rft.atitle=Constans+II+and+the+Byzantine+navy&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=2&rft.issn=0007-7704&rft.aulast=Salvatore&rft.aufirst=Cosentino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F776570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+the+Masts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Probably Mount Olympos south of <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a>, see "Olympus Phoinikous Mons" in <i><a href="/wiki/Barrington_Atlas_of_the_Greek_and_Roman_World" title="Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World">Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World</a></i>, map 65, D4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thessalonike can be read as «θὲς ἄλλῳ νὶκην», i.e., «give victory to another». See Bury, John Bagnell (1889), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4dAJrLB8xh4C&lpg=PA290">A history of the later Roman empire from Arcadius to Irene</a></i>, Adamant Media Corporation, 2005, p.290. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4021-8368-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-4021-8368-2">1-4021-8368-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEkonomou2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_J._Ekonomou" title="Andrew J. Ekonomou">Ekonomou, Andrew J.</a> (2007). <i>Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes</i>. Lexington Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-1977-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-1977-8"><bdi>978-0-7391-1977-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantine+Rome+and+the+Greek+Popes&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-1977-8&rft.aulast=Ekonomou&rft.aufirst=Andrew+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+the+Masts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WT-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WT_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WT_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreadgold1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Treadgold" title="Warren Treadgold">Treadgold, Warren</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nYbnr5XVbzUC"><i>A History of the Byzantine State and Society</i></a>. Stanford, California: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. p. 314. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-2630-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-2630-2"><bdi>0-8047-2630-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Byzantine+State+and+Society&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pages=314&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8047-2630-2&rft.aulast=Treadgold&rft.aufirst=Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnYbnr5XVbzUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+the+Masts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoyland2014" class="citation book cs1">Hoyland, Robert G. (2014-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i3LDBAAAQBAJ&q=hoyland%20in%20god's%20path&pg=PA105"><i>In God's Path: The Arab Conquests and the Creation of an Islamic Empire</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199916368" title="Special:BookSources/9780199916368"><bdi>9780199916368</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+God%27s+Path%3A+The+Arab+Conquests+and+the+Creation+of+an+Islamic+Empire&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.isbn=9780199916368&rft.aulast=Hoyland&rft.aufirst=Robert+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di3LDBAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dhoyland%2520in%2520god%27s%2520path%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+the+Masts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Masts&oldid=1256553368">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Masts&oldid=1256553368</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Masts&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Spicemix" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1731246400"> <span>Last edited on 10 November 2024, at 13:46</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_von_Phoinix" title="Schlacht von Phoinix – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Schlacht von Phoinix" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="معركة ذات الصواري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معركة ذات الصواري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%A4%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%88" title="ماست دؤیوشو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ماست دؤیوشو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_dels_Pals" title="Batalla dels Pals – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batalla dels Pals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_von_Phoinix" title="Schlacht von Phoinix – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht von Phoinix" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Finike" title="Batalla de Finike – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Finike" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AF%DA%A9%D9%84" title="نبرد دکل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبرد دکل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Phoenix_de_Lycie" title="Bataille de Phoenix de Lycie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Phoenix de Lycie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C6%99in_Masts" title="Yaƙin Masts – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yaƙin Masts" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Dzatus_Shawari" title="Pertempuran Dzatus Shawari – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertempuran Dzatus Shawari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Dh%C4%81t_al-saw%C4%81r%C4%AB" title="Battaglia di Dhāt al-sawārī – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Dhāt al-sawārī" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_van_de_Masten" title="Slag van de Masten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slag van de Masten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84" title="جنگ مستول – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جنگ مستول" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_Maszt%C3%B3w" title="Bitwa Masztów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa Masztów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_dos_Mastros" title="Batalha dos Mastros – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha dos Mastros" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_jamborov" title="Bitka jamborov – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bitka jamborov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Битка јарбола – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Битка јарбола" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_jarbola" title="Bitka jarbola – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bitka jarbola" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A2t%C3%BCssav%C3%A2r%C3%AE_Muharebesi" title="Zâtüssavârî Muharebesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zâtüssavârî Muharebesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84" title="جنگ مستول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جنگ مستول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%B9%E6%A1%85%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="船桅之戰 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="船桅之戰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> 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