How does drinking affect you physically? It depends on who you are

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</div> </div> </div> </section> </header>  <main role="main" id="main-content-wrapper" class="main-content-wrapper drinkiqmain " data-polltype="motivation"> <section class="article-item pb-0"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="article-item-content column-start-1 column-end-13 pb-24"> <p class="article-category mb-16"> La consommation d’alcool et votre organisme </p> <h1 class="article-item-title h1-lg text-black fw-800 " data-id="{F05C9E58-B2E4-42A2-8AE0-039E7AB5A9D5}" data-title='Comment la consommation d’alcool affecte-t-elle votre organisme ? Cela dépend de qui vous êtes'> Comment la consommation d’alcool affecte-t-elle votre organisme ? Cela dépend de qui vous êtes </h1> <div class="article-description fw-300"> Pourquoi certaines personnes sont-elles rapidement ivres, tandis que d’autres « tiennent bien » l’alcool ? Et pourquoi est-il préférable que certaines personnes ne consomment pas du tout d’alcool ? Voici des facteurs qui influent sur la manière dont la consommation d’alcool affecte chacun d’entre nous différemment. </div> </div> </div> <div class="share-icons page-share "> <a href="javascript:;" class="share-on-facebook icon icon-facebook d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center facebook-icon position-relative"><span class="invisible">Facebook</span></a> <a href="javascript:;" class="share-on-whatsapp icon icon-whatsapp d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center whatsapp-icon position-relative"><span class="invisible">Whatsapp</span></a> <a href="javascript:;" class="share-on-email icon icon-email d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center mail-icon position-relative"><span class="invisible">Mail</span></a> </div> <section class="config-text pt-0 pb-0"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="config-text-content column-start-1 column-end-13"> <h2>Les hommes et les femmes assimilent l’alcool différemment </h2> </div> </div> </section> <section class="image-with-caption-wrapper pt-0 pb-0"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="image-with-caption column-start-1 column-end-13 pb-40 d-flex caption-right "> <div class="image-caption-image column-start-1 column-end-13"> <picture data-animate data-animation="fade-in"> <source data-srcset='/~/media/Images/D/drinkiq/Universal/drinkiq--images/in-english/banner-module-images/drinking-and-your-body/how-does-drinking-affect-you-physically.webp' media="(min-width: 992px)"> <source data-srcset='/~/media/Images/D/drinkiq/Universal/drinkiq--images/in-english/banner-module-images/drinking-and-your-body/how-does-drinking-affect-you-physically.webp' media="(min-width: 767px)"> <img class="lazy w-100" data-src='/~/media/Images/D/drinkiq/Universal/drinkiq--images/in-english/banner-module-images/drinking-and-your-body/how-does-drinking-affect-you-physically.webp' alt='Illustration représentant une silhouette d’homme et de femme, en ne montrant que la tête et les épaules'> <noscript> <img src='/~/media/Images/D/drinkiq/Universal/drinkiq--images/in-english/banner-module-images/drinking-and-your-body/how-does-drinking-affect-you-physically.webp' alt='Illustration représentant une silhouette d’homme et de femme, en ne montrant que la tête et les épaules' /> </noscript> </picture> </div> <figcaption class="caption column-start-1 column-end-13 text-caption"> Illustration représentant une silhouette d’homme et de femme, en ne montrant que la tête et les épaules </figcaption> </div> </div> </section> <section class="config-text pt-0 pb-0"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="config-text-content column-start-1 column-end-13"> <p>Les femmes sont généralement moins corpulentes que les hommes et leur corps contient plus de graisses et moins d’eau. Cela signifie que pour la même quantité ingérée, la concentration d’alcool sera plus élevée dans le corps de la femme que dans celui de l’homme, et elle ressentira plus rapidement les effets de l’alcool <a href="#refs1"><sup>(1, 2)</sup></a>.<br /> <br /> Le corps d'une femme décompose également plus lentement l’alcool que le corps d’un homme. L’élimination de l’alcool prend davantage de temps. Ces différences jouent un rôle dans l’effet que peut avoir la consommation d’alcool sur la santé des hommes et des femmes <a href="#refs3"><sup>(3, 4)</sup></a>. Les personnes transgenres qui sont en phase de transition doivent consulter leur médecin pour déterminer l’effet que pourrait avoir l’alcool sur elles.</p> <h2>La manière dont votre corps assimile l’alcool dépend de votre âge</h2> <p>Il a été démontré par de nombreuses études que les enfants et les adolescents assimilent différemment l’alcool car leur corps est encore en phase de développement. C’est pour cette raison que la consommation d’alcool peut entraîner des effets nocifs plus tard dans la vie <a href="#refs5"><sup>(5, 6)</sup></a>. La plupart des pays ont adopté des lois qui définissent un âge limite en-dessous duquel la consommation d’alcool est interdite et les <a href="/fr-pem/about-alcohol/why-is-underage-drinking-illegal-and-dangerous">mineurs ne doivent pas boire d’alcool</a> <a href="#refs7"><sup>(7)</sup></a>.<br /> <br /> L’effet de l’âge sur l’assimilation de l’alcool se manifeste aussi chez les personnes âgées <a href="#refs8"><sup>(8)</sup></a>. La consommation d’alcool affecte les personnes âgées différemment par rapport aux personnes plus jeunes et d’âge mur. Avec l’âge, nous perdons une partie de notre capacité à décomposer l’alcool <a href="#refs9"><sup>(9)</sup></a>. L’alcool est alors susceptible de rester plus longtemps dans l’organisme, ce qui en altère les effets.<br /> <br /> Au fur et à mesure que nous prenons de l’âge, notre risque de développer des problèmes de santé augmente, et certains d’entre eux peuvent être aggravés par la consommation d’alcool. Nous sommes également plus susceptibles de prendre des médicaments qui peuvent interagir avec l’alcool <a href="#refs10"><sup>(10)</sup></a>. Il est toujours conseillé de consulter les professionnels de santé au sujet de la consommation d’alcool et de son effet sur nous, particulièrement lorsque nous prenons de l’âge.</p> <h2>Votre masse corporelle et votre poids sont importants</h2> <p>Il faut généralement plus de temps aux personnes corpulentes pour ressentir les effets de la consommation d’alcool. La masse corporelle et le poids affectent la vitesse à laquelle l’alcool est assimilé <a href="#refs11"><sup>(11)</sup></a>. Ces facteurs ont également une incidence sur la rapidité à laquelle vous ressentez l’effet enivrant.<br /> <br /> Malgré ces différences, chacun d’entre nous est sensible aux effets de l’alcool et aux effets nocifs d'une consommation excessive, que nous soyons grand ou petit, mince ou en surpoids.</p> <h2>La manière dont la consommation d’alcool vous affecte dépend de votre état de santé général</h2> </div> </div> </section> <section class="image-with-caption-wrapper pt-0 pb-0"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="image-with-caption column-start-1 column-end-13 pb-40 d-flex caption-right "> <div class="image-caption-image column-start-1 column-end-13"> <picture data-animate data-animation="fade-in"> <source data-srcset='/~/media/Images/D/drinkiq/Universal/drinkiq--images/in-english/drinking-and-your-body-captionimages/how-does-drinking-affect-you-physically.webp' media="(min-width: 992px)"> <source data-srcset='/~/media/Images/D/drinkiq/Universal/drinkiq--images/in-english/drinking-and-your-body-captionimages/how-does-drinking-affect-you-physically.webp' media="(min-width: 767px)"> <img class="lazy w-100" data-src='/~/media/Images/D/drinkiq/Universal/drinkiq--images/in-english/drinking-and-your-body-captionimages/how-does-drinking-affect-you-physically.webp' alt='Illustration d’un cœur avec un rouage et une ligne de pouls pour représenter l’état de santé général'> <noscript> <img src='/~/media/Images/D/drinkiq/Universal/drinkiq--images/in-english/drinking-and-your-body-captionimages/how-does-drinking-affect-you-physically.webp' alt='Illustration d’un cœur avec un rouage et une ligne de pouls pour représenter l’état de santé général' /> </noscript> </picture> </div> <figcaption class="caption column-start-1 column-end-13 text-caption"> Illustration d’un cœur avec un rouage et une ligne de pouls pour représenter l’état de santé général </figcaption> </div> </div> </section> <section class="config-text pt-0 pb-0"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="config-text-content column-start-1 column-end-13"> <p>La manière dont vous vous sentez après avoir bu dépend de <a href="/fr-pem/drinking-and-your-body/how-does-drinking-affect-general-health">votre état de santé</a>, de votre prise éventuelle de médicaments et de la nature de ces médicaments. Il est recommandé aux gens qui souffrent de certaines pathologies de réduire leur consommation d’alcool ou de ne pas boire du tout <a href="#refs12"><sup>(12-15)</sup></a>. Si vous suivez un traitement pour une maladie, vous devez consulter un professionnel de santé afin de déterminer si vous pouvez ou non consommer des boissons alcoolisées.<br /> <br /> Les notices des médicaments contiennent souvent des avertissements importants mettant en garde contre la consommation d’alcool, à cause de la possibilité d’interactions qui pourraient affecter la manière dont vous vous sentez, votre état d’esprit, ou l’efficacité du médicament <a href="#refs10"><sup>(10)</sup></a>.</p> <h2>La consommation de drogues modifie les effets de la consommation d’alcool</h2> <p>L’alcool agit sur le cerveau et le système nerveux, où il produit un grand nombre de ses effets. La nature et l’ampleur de ces effets dépendent de la quantité d’alcool que vous consommez ainsi que de votre âge, de votre poids, de votre sexe et de divers autres facteurs abordés dans cette section.<br /> <br /> Des drogues comme le cannabis, les opiacées, les amphétamines et autres, qu’elles soient licites ou illicites, agissent également sur le cerveau <a href="#refs22"><sup>(22, 23)</sup></a>. Elles peuvent également interagir avec l’alcool et l’effet combiné peut s’avérer intense et imprévisible <a href="#refs24"><sup>(24)</sup></a>. La combinaison de drogues et d’alcool peut être dangereuse et potentiellement mortelle, en fonction de la quantité bue et des drogues que vous consommez. Vous ne devriez pas mélanger de l’alcool avec des médicaments sur ordonnance sans consulter un processionnel de santé. Naturellement, vous ne devriez jamais consommer de stupéfiants illicites, a fortiori mélangées à de l’alcool.</p> <h2>La consommation de nourriture et d’alcool affecte la manière dont l’organisme assimile l’alcool</h2> <p>La raison en est simple. La consommation de nourriture ralentit la vitesse à laquelle l’alcool est absorbé dans votre sang et la vitesse à laquelle vous en percevez les effets <a href="#refs11"><sup>(11)</sup></a>. Le fait de maintenir une hydratation optimale, en buvant des boissons non alcoolisées et de l’eau, aide votre organisme à assimiler l’alcool et à l’éliminer une fois qu’il a été décomposé. Il est toujours judicieux de manger lorsque vous buvez et d’alterner la consommation d’alcool avec d’autres boissons.<br /> <br /> Cependant, la consommation de nourriture et de liquides ne vous empêchera pas de devenir ivre et n’atténuera pas les effets d'une consommation excessive d’alcool sur votre organisme.</p> </div> </div> </section> <section class="accordion pt-0 pb-0"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="accordion-item column-start-1 column-end-13 pt-20 pb-20"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="accordion-heading accordion-heading-js"> <span class="accordion-title fw-800">References</span> <span class="accordion-icon accordion-icon-js"> <svg width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" fill="#2314a7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11 9H20V11H11V20H9V11H0V9H9V0H11V9Z"></path></svg> </span> </a> <div class="accordion-content accordion-content-js "><ol> <li> <a href="https://www.health.harvard.edu/addiction/alcohols-effects-on-the-body" title="Ouvre dans une nouvelle fenêtre" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="Article_typography_link__s55T6">Harvard Health Publishing. Alcohol's effects on the body. 2014; Available from: </a></li> <li>Thomasson, H.R., Gender differences in alcohol metabolism. Physiological responses to ethanol. Recent Dev Alcohol, 1995. 12: p. 163-79.</li> <li> Erol, A. and V.M. Karpyak, Sex and gender-related differences in alcohol use and its consequences: Contemporary knowledge and future research considerations. Drug Alcohol Depend, 2015. 156: p. 1-13.</li> <li> National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Women and alcohol. 2019; Available from:</li> <li> Spear, L.P., Effects of adolescent alcohol consumption on the brain and behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci, 2018. 19(4): p. 197-214.</li> <li> Lees, B., et al., Effect of alcohol use on the adolescent brain and behavior. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 2020. 192: p. 172906.</li> <li><a href="https://iard.org/science-resources/type/policy-tables" title="Ouvre dans une nouvelle fenêtre" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="Article_typography_link__s55T6">International Alliance for Responsible Drinking (IARD). Minimum legal age limits. 2020; Available from: </a></li> <li><a href="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/older-adults" title="Ouvre dans une nouvelle fenêtre" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="Article_typography_link__s55T6">National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Older adults. 2020; Available from: </a></li> <li>Meier, P. and H.K. Seitz, Age, alcohol metabolism and liver diseases. Current Opinions in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 2008. 11: p. 21026.</li> <li><a href="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/harmful-interactions-mixing-alcohol-with-medicines" title="Ouvre dans une nouvelle fenêtre" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="Article_typography_link__s55T6">National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Harmful interactions: mixing alcohol with medicines. 2014; Available from: </a></li> <li>Cederbaum, A.I., Alcohol metabolism. Clin Liver Dis, 2012. 16(4): p. 667-85. </li> <li>Puddey, I.B. and L.J. Beilin, Alcohol is bad for blood pressure. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 2006. 33(9): p. 847-52.</li> <li><a href="https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/a-to-z/a/alcohol-and-mental-health" title="Ouvre dans une nouvelle fenêtre" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="Article_typography_link__s55T6">Mental Health Foundation. Alcohol and mental health. 2020; Available from: </a></li> <li>Engler, P.A., S.E. Ramsey, and R.J. Smith, Alcohol use of diabetes patients: the need for assessment and intervention. Acta Diabetol, 2013. 50(2): p. 93-9.</li> <li><a href="https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/support/healthy-living/healthy-eating/alcohol-and-your-heart" title="Ouvre dans une nouvelle fenêtre" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="Article_typography_link__s55T6">British Heart Foundation (BHF). Heart conditions and alcohol. 2020; Available from: </a></li> <li> Edenberg, H.J., The genetics of alcohol metabolism: role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase variants. Alcohol Res Health, 2007. 30(1): p. 5-13.</li> <li>Iwahashi, K. and H. Suwaki, Ethanol metabolism, toxicity and genetic polymorphism. Addict Biol, 1998. 3(3): p. 249-59.</li> <li>Edenberg, H.J., J. Gelernter, and A. Agrawal, Genetics of Alcoholism. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 2019. 21(4): p. 26.</li> <li>Cservenka, A., Neurobiological phenotypes associated with a family history of alcoholism. Drug Alcohol Depend, 2016. 158: p. 8-21.</li> <li>Sanchez-Roige, S., A.A. Palmer, and T.K. Clarke, Recent Efforts to Dissect the Genetic Basis of Alcohol Use and Abuse. Biol Psychiatry, 2020. 87(7): p. 609-618.</li> <li>Volkow, N.D. and M. Morales, The Brain on Drugs: From Reward to Addiction. Cell, 2015. 162(4): p. 712-25.</li> <li>Koob, G.F. and N.D. Volkow, Neurobiology of addiction: a neurocircuitry analysis. Lancet Psychiatry, 2016. 3(8): p. 760-773.</li> <li>Singh, A.K., Alcohol Interaction with Cocaine, Methamphetamine, Opioids, Nicotine, Cannabis, and gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid. Biomedicines, 2019. 7(1).</li> </ol></div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="module---two-column-text-with-link" class="two-column-text-with-link pt-0 "> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="test-and-help-block-wrapper column-start-1 column-end-13"> <div class="container-fluid p-0"> <div class="test-and-help-block column-start-1 column-end-13"> <div class="test-link-block-title column-start-1 column-end-13"> <h2 class="pt-40 mb-16">Vous vous posez des questions sur les effets de la consommation d’alcool sur votre organisme ?</h2> </div> <div class="test-link-block column-start-1 column-end-13"> <div> <p class="fw-300 mb-0">Qu'il s'agisse de vous-même ou de quelqu'un d'autre, utilisez notre auto-évaluation de la consommation d'alcool pour comprendre le risque.</p> <div> <a class="d-flex justify-content-space-between align-items-center pt-20 pb-20 test-link" href=/fr-pem/audit data-linktype='internal' aria-label="Commencez le test"> <span>Commencez le test</span> <span class="cta cta-round"> </span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="help-section"> <p class="help-section-title mb-0 fw-300">Si vous éprouvez une inquiétude au sujet de votre relation à l’alcool ou de celle de quelqu'un d’autre, il existe un certain nombre de ressources et de réseaux de soutien.</p> <div> <a class="d-flex justify-content-space-between align-items-center pt-20 pb-20 test-link help-link" href=/fr-pem/get-help data-linktype='internal'> <span>Obtenir de l’aide</span> <span class="cta cta-round"> </span> </a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="article-link-wrapper"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="content-wrapper column-start-1 column-end-13"> <div class="main-title"> <h2 class="title m-0 fw-800">Continuez à lire</h2> </div> <div class="article-items-wrapper"> <div> <a href="/fr-pem/drinking-and-your-body/how-does-the-body-process-alcohol" class="article-item-wrapper" aria-label="Comment l’organisme assimile-t-il l’alcool ?"> <div class="article-content"> <p class="article-category"> La consommation d’alcool et votre organisme </p> <p class="article-title"> Comment l’organisme assimile-t-il l’alcool ? </p> </div> <div class="article-card-image-wrapper position-relative"> <picture> <img class="lazy" data-src="/~/media/Images/D/drinkiq/Universal/drinkiq--images/in-english/banner-module-images/drinking-and-your-body/howdoesthebodyprocessillthumb.webp" alt="Comment l’organisme assimile-t-il l’alcool ?"> <noscript> <img src="/~/media/Images/D/drinkiq/Universal/drinkiq--images/in-english/banner-module-images/drinking-and-your-body/howdoesthebodyprocessillthumb.webp" alt="Comment l’organisme assimile-t-il l’alcool ?" data-source="/sitecore/content/D/drinkiq/Universal/drinkiq/Home/drinking-and-your-body/how-does-the-body-process-alcohol" /> </noscript> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div> <a href="/fr-pem/drinking-and-your-mind/what-are-the-effects-of-drinking-on-mental-health" class="article-item-wrapper" aria-label="Quels sont les effets de la consommation d’alcool sur la santé mentale ?"> <div class="article-content"> <p class="article-category"> La consommation d’alcool et le mental </p> <p class="article-title"> Quels sont les effets de la consommation d’alcool sur la santé mentale ? </p> </div> <div class="article-card-image-wrapper position-relative"> <picture> <img class="lazy" data-src="/~/media/Images/D/drinkiq/Universal/drinkiq--images/in-english/banner-module-images/drinking-and-your-mind/mental-health-ill-hero.webp" alt="Quels sont les effets de la consommation d’alcool sur la santé mentale ?"> <noscript> <img src="/~/media/Images/D/drinkiq/Universal/drinkiq--images/in-english/banner-module-images/drinking-and-your-mind/mental-health-ill-hero.webp" alt="Quels sont les effets de la consommation d’alcool sur la santé mentale ?" data-source="/sitecore/content/D/drinkiq/Universal/drinkiq/Home/drinking-and-your-mind/what-are-the-effects-of-drinking-on-mental-health" /> </noscript> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div> <a href="/fr-pem/support-with-drinking/can-a-balanced-lifestyle-include-drinking-alcohol" class="article-item-wrapper" aria-label="Est-il possible de consommer de l’alcool dans le cadre d'un mode de vie équilibré ?"> <div class="article-content"> <p class="article-category"> Soutien en matière de consommation d’alcool </p> <p class="article-title"> Est-il possible de consommer de l’alcool dans le cadre d'un mode de vie équilibré ? 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