NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis exacerbates coxsackievirus A16 and coxsackievirus A10-induced inflammatory response and viral replication in SH-SY5Y cells

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Mounting evidence indicated that pyrop …"><meta name="keywords" content="pmid:38705479, PMC11091677, doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199386, Yajie Hu, Wei Zhao, Yunhui Zhang, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Survival, Cytokines / genetics, Cytokines / metabolism, Enterovirus / pathogenicity, Enterovirus / physiology, Enterovirus A, Human / pathogenicity, Enterovirus A, Human / physiology, Humans, Inflammasomes / metabolism, Inflammation / virology, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein* / genetics, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein* / metabolism, Pyroptosis*, Virus Replication*, PubMed Abstract, NIH, NLM, NCBI, National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE"><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive"><meta property="og:title" content="NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis exacerbates coxsackievirus A16 and coxsackievirus A10-induced inflammatory response and viral replication in SH-SY5Y cells - PubMed"><meta property="og:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38705479/"><meta property="og:description" content="Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10), more commonly etiological agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), are capable of causing severe neurological syndromes with high fatalities, but their neuropathogenesis has rarely been studied. 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new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="QYKXL7dOCne8j8Rhp7kHbIhDsqX2Yk3VPZHVHI3fmB3ENDTijvWO6nIrXJJknpPJ"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="QYKXL7dOCne8j8Rhp7kHbIhDsqX2Yk3VPZHVHI3fmB3ENDTijvWO6nIrXJJknpPJ"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="QYKXL7dOCne8j8Rhp7kHbIhDsqX2Yk3VPZHVHI3fmB3ENDTijvWO6nIrXJJknpPJ"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="QYKXL7dOCne8j8Rhp7kHbIhDsqX2Yk3VPZHVHI3fmB3ENDTijvWO6nIrXJJknpPJ"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="38705479"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168-1702(24)00079-0" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=False&PrId=3048&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=38705479&db=pubmed&nlmid=8410979" title="See full text options at Elsevier Science" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="Elsevier Science" data-ga-label="38705479" ><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--linkinghub.elsevier.com-ihub-images-elsevieroa.png" alt="full text provider logo"><span class="text"> Elsevier Science </span></a><a class="link-item pmc " href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/38705479/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&is_pmc=True&PrId=3494&itool=Abstract-def&log$=linkouticon&uid=38705479&db=pubmed&nlmid=8410979" title="Free full text at PubMed Central" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMC" data-ga-label="38705479" ><span class="text"> Free PMC article </span></a> 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name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="QYKXL7dOCne8j8Rhp7kHbIhDsqX2Yk3VPZHVHI3fmB3ENDTijvWO6nIrXJJknpPJ"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" 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10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199386. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2024 May 6. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis exacerbates coxsackievirus A16 and coxsackievirus A10-induced inflammatory response and viral replication in SH-SY5Y cells </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hu+Y&cauthor_id=38705479" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yajie Hu">Yajie Hu</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhao+W&cauthor_id=38705479" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Wei Zhao">Wei Zhao</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lv+Y&cauthor_id=38705479" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yaming Lv">Yaming Lv</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Li+H&cauthor_id=38705479" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Hui Li">Hui Li</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National and Local Engineering Center for Infectious Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Li+J&cauthor_id=38705479" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jiang Li">Jiang Li</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National and Local Engineering Center for Infectious Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhong+M&cauthor_id=38705479" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Mingmei Zhong">Mingmei Zhong</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Pu+D&cauthor_id=38705479" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dandan Pu">Dandan Pu</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Jian+F&cauthor_id=38705479" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Fuping Jian">Fuping Jian</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Song+J&cauthor_id=38705479" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jie Song">Jie Song</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National and Local Engineering Center for Infectious Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China. Electronic address: songjiekm@163.com." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhang+Y&cauthor_id=38705479" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yunhui Zhang">Yunhui Zhang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China. Electronic address: zhangyh123kh@163.com." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/38705479/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2" id="full-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> National and Local Engineering Center for Infectious Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-3" id="full-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> National and Local Engineering Center for Infectious Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China. Electronic address: songjiekm@163.com.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-4" id="full-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China. Electronic address: zhangyh123kh@163.com.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38705479</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC11091677&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11091677/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC11091677 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199386&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199386" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199386 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <h1 class="heading-title"> NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis exacerbates coxsackievirus A16 and coxsackievirus A10-induced inflammatory response and viral replication in SH-SY5Y cells </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Yajie Hu</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Virus Res<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <span class="citation-year">2024 Jul</span><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/38705479/long-authors/" 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class="full-name" href="/?term=Hu+Y&cauthor_id=38705479" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yajie Hu">Yajie Hu</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhao+W&cauthor_id=38705479" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Wei Zhao">Wei Zhao</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lv+Y&cauthor_id=38705479" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yaming Lv">Yaming Lv</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Li+H&cauthor_id=38705479" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Hui Li">Hui Li</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National and Local Engineering Center for Infectious Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Li+J&cauthor_id=38705479" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jiang Li">Jiang Li</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National and Local Engineering Center for Infectious Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhong+M&cauthor_id=38705479" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Mingmei Zhong">Mingmei Zhong</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Pu+D&cauthor_id=38705479" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dandan Pu">Dandan Pu</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Jian+F&cauthor_id=38705479" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Fuping Jian">Fuping Jian</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Song+J&cauthor_id=38705479" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jie Song">Jie Song</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="National and Local Engineering Center for Infectious Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China. Electronic address: songjiekm@163.com." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Zhang+Y&cauthor_id=38705479" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yunhui Zhang">Yunhui Zhang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China. Electronic address: zhangyh123kh@163.com." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> National and Local Engineering Center for Infectious Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3" id="short-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> National and Local Engineering Center for Infectious Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China. Electronic address: songjiekm@163.com.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4" id="short-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China. Electronic address: zhangyh123kh@163.com.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38705479</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC11091677&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11091677/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC11091677 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199386&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199386" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199386 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/38705479/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/38705479/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10), more commonly etiological agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), are capable of causing severe neurological syndromes with high fatalities, but their neuropathogenesis has rarely been studied. Mounting evidence indicated that pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of cell death that might be widely involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of neurotropic viruses. Our study was designed to examine the effects of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in CV-A16- and CV-A10-induced inflammatory neuropathologic formation. In this work, it was showed that SH-SY5Y cells were susceptible to CV-A16 and CV-A10, and meanwhile their infections could result in a decreasing cell viability and an increasing LDH release as well as Caspase1 activation. Moreover, CV-A16 and CV-A10 infections triggered NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis and promoted the release of inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, activated NLRP3 accelerated the pyroptosis formation and aggravated the inflammatory response, but inhibited NLRP3 had a dampening effect on the above situation. Finally, it was further revealed that NLRP3 agonist enhanced the viral replication, but NLRP3 inhibitor suppressed the viral replication, suggesting that NLRP3-driven pyroptosis might support CV-A16 and CV-A10 production in SH-SY5Y cells. Together, our findings demonstrated a mechanism by which CV-A16 and CV-A10 induce inflammatory responses by evoking NLRP3 inflammasome-regulated pyroptosis, which in turn further stimulated the viral replication, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of CV-A16 and CV-A10 infections. </p> </div> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Keywords: </strong> Coxsackievirus A10 infection; Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16); Inflammatory response; NLRP3-inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis; SH-SY5Y cells; Viral replication. </p> </div> <p class="copyright" id="copyright"> Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V. </p> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest"> <h2 class="title"> Conflict of interest statement </h2> <div class="statement"> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.</p> </div> </div> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="fig-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d841/11091677/46eca838822e/gr1.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="777" data-image-height="482" data-image-alt="Fig. 1" data-pmc-id="PMC11091677" data-figure-id="fig0001"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d841/11091677/e922962edb79/gr1.gif" alt="Fig 1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="777"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="482"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Proliferation of CV-A16 and CV-A10… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Proliferation of CV-A16 and CV-A10 in SH-SY5Y cells inoculated with different MOIs. (A)… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 1 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Proliferation of CV-A16 and CV-A10 in SH-SY5Y cells inoculated with different MOIs. (A) Viral loads was detected by qRT-PCR in CV-A16- and CV-A10-infected SH-SY5Y cells at MOIs of 0.01, 0.1 and 1. (B) Virus titer was examined by CCID<sub>50</sub> method using SH-SY5Y infected samples of CV-A16 and CV-A10 on Vero cells. (C) Viral infection was assessed with IF staining in CV-A16- and CV-A10-infected SH-SY5Y cells with MOIs of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 at 72 h.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="1" data-label-slug="fig-2"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d841/11091677/634911501093/gr2.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-1" role="button" data-image-width="791" data-image-height="1048" data-image-alt="Fig. 2" data-pmc-id="PMC11091677" data-figure-id="fig0002"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-1" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d841/11091677/8bbdc5f83489/gr2.gif" alt="Fig 2" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="791"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1048"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 2 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> CV-A16 and CV-A10 induce the… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 2 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> CV-A16 and CV-A10 induce the formation of pyroptosis. (A) Cell proliferation after inoculation… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 2 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">CV-A16 and CV-A10 induce the formation of pyroptosis. (A) Cell proliferation after inoculation with CV-A16 and CV-A10 of different MOIs was evaluated by CCK8 assay. (B) The intracellular LDH release after inoculation with CV-A16 and CV-A10 of different MOIs was measured with an LDH Cytotoxicity Assay Kit. (C) Caspase1 activity in supernatants from SH-SY5Y cells infected with CV-A16 or CV-A10 at different MOIs was examined via a Caspase1 Activity Assay Kit. (D) Cell death was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining using quantitative fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis after inoculation of CV-A16 or CV-A10 with MOI=0.1.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="2" data-label-slug="fig-3"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d841/11091677/4aa711183d89/gr3.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-2" role="button" data-image-width="777" data-image-height="409" data-image-alt="Fig. 3" data-pmc-id="PMC11091677" data-figure-id="fig0003"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-2" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d841/11091677/91bc4455581a/gr3.gif" alt="Fig 3" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="777"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="409"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 3 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis of SH-SY5Y cells… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 3 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis of SH-SY5Y cells after CV-A16 and CV-A10 infection. (A) The expressions… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 3 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis of SH-SY5Y cells after CV-A16 and CV-A10 infection. (A) The expressions of NLRP3, ASC, Casepase1, Gasdermin D, IL-1β and IL-18 were measured by qRT-PCR in SH-SY5Y cells following CV-A16 and CV-A10 infections. (B) The levels of NLRP3, ASC, Casepase1, Gasdermin D, IL-1β and IL-18 were examined with WB in SH-SY5Y cells following CV-A16 and CV-A10 infections. (C) IF staining was used to identify CV-A16 or CV-A10-VP1 (red) and Caspase1 (green) in SH-SY5Y cells following CV-A16 and CV-A10 infections. (D) ELISA was applied to monitor the concentration of IL-1β and IL-18 in SH-SY5Y cells following CV-A16 and CV-A10 infections.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="3" data-label-slug="fig-4"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d841/11091677/68c2b2926dcb/gr4.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-3" role="button" data-image-width="762" data-image-height="1176" data-image-alt="Fig. 4" data-pmc-id="PMC11091677" data-figure-id="fig0004"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-3" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d841/11091677/a5c21f3d640c/gr4.gif" alt="Fig 4" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="762"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1176"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 4 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Impact of CV-A16 and CV-A10… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 4 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Impact of CV-A16 and CV-A10 on the inflammatory cytokines in SH-SY5Y cells. Concentrations… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 4 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Impact of CV-A16 and CV-A10 on the inflammatory cytokines in SH-SY5Y cells. Concentrations of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-4, IL-17, IL-8, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2, IFN-α and IL-5 in the culture media of CV-A16- and CV-A10-infected SH-SY5Y cells were determined by flow cytometry.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="4" data-label-slug="fig-5"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d841/11091677/26770daedded/gr5.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-4" role="button" data-image-width="777" data-image-height="392" data-image-alt="Fig. 5" data-pmc-id="PMC11091677" data-figure-id="fig0005"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-4" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d841/11091677/fbd872490929/gr5.gif" alt="Fig 5" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="777"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="392"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 5 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> NLRP3 facilitates the cytotoxic effect… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 5 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> NLRP3 facilitates the cytotoxic effect during CV-A16 and CV-A10 infections. (A) Cell viability… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 5 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">NLRP3 facilitates the cytotoxic effect during CV-A16 and CV-A10 infections. (A) Cell viability was evaluated from SH-SY5Y cells treated with CV-A16 and CV-A10-infection in the presence of Nigericin sodium salt or MCC950 sodium. (B) LDH release was measured from SH-SY5Y cells treated with CV-A16 and CV-A10-infection in the presence of Nigericin sodium salt or MCC950 sodium. (C) Caspase1 activity was tested from SH-SY5Y cells treated with CV-A16 and CV-A10-infection in the presence of Nigericin sodium salt or MCC950 sodium.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="5" data-label-slug="fig-6"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d841/11091677/e0848b175598/gr6.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-5" role="button" data-image-width="777" data-image-height="587" data-image-alt="Fig. 6" data-pmc-id="PMC11091677" data-figure-id="fig0006"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-5" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d841/11091677/8a8c15db8aec/gr6.gif" alt="Fig 6" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="777"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="587"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 6 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> NLRP3 is responsible for pyroptosis… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 6 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> NLRP3 is responsible for pyroptosis induced by CV-A16 and CV-A10. (A) NLRP3, ASC,… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 6 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">NLRP3 is responsible for pyroptosis induced by CV-A16 and CV-A10. (A) NLRP3, ASC, Casepase1, Gasdermin D, IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA expression levels in CV-A16 or CV-A10 infected SH-SY5Y cells pre-treated with Nigericin sodium salt or MCC950 sodium were analyzed by qRT-PCR. (B) WB assay of NLRP3, ASC, Casepase1, Gasdermin D, IL-1β and IL-18 from CV-A16 or CV-A10 infected SH-SY5Y cells pre-treated with Nigericin sodium salt or MCC950 sodium. (C) ELISA analysis of IL-1β and IL-18 in CV-A16 or CV-A10 infected SH-SY5Y cells pre-treated with Nigericin sodium salt or MCC950 sodium.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="6" data-label-slug="fig-7"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d841/11091677/57cb9be26971/gr7.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-6" role="button" data-image-width="777" data-image-height="621" data-image-alt="Fig. 7" data-pmc-id="PMC11091677" data-figure-id="fig0007"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-6" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d841/11091677/7483a835059e/gr7.gif" alt="Fig 7" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="777"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="621"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 7 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Effect of NLRP3 on inflammatory… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 7 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Effect of NLRP3 on inflammatory cytokines secretion in CV-A16 and CV-A10 infected SH-SY5Y… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-6" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 7 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Effect of NLRP3 on inflammatory cytokines secretion in CV-A16 and CV-A10 infected SH-SY5Y cells. Flow cytometry of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-4, IL-17, IL-8, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2, IFN-α and IL-5 in supernatants of SH-SY5Y cells stimulated by CV-A16 and CV-A10 in the presence of Nigericin sodium salt or MCC950 sodium.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="7" data-label-slug="fig-8"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d841/11091677/bfde21bb48e9/gr8.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-7" role="button" data-image-width="777" data-image-height="305" data-image-alt="Fig. 8" data-pmc-id="PMC11091677" data-figure-id="fig0008"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-7" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d841/11091677/3a1fab78fc83/gr8.gif" alt="Fig 8" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="777"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="305"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 8 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> NLRP3 is critical for CV-A16… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig. 8 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> NLRP3 is critical for CV-A16 and CV-A10 replication. (A) A qRT-PCR with TaqMan… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-7" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig. 8 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">NLRP3 is critical for CV-A16 and CV-A10 replication. (A) A qRT-PCR with TaqMan analysis was used to examine the viral copies of CV-A16. (B) A plaque assay was applied to identify the virus titer of CV-A16 and CV-A10. (C) A WB method was utilized to determine the VP1 protein expression level of CV-A16 and CV-A10. Compared with the infection groups, the groups pretreated with Nigericin sodium salt was marked with *, while the groups pretreated with MCC950 sodium was marked with #.</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="see-all actions-bar"> <button class="show-more" aria-controls="slides-container" data-ga-category="figure" data-ga-action="show_all"> All figures (8) </button> </div>  <div class="pswp figures-dialog" id="figures-dialog" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" data-image-gallery-uid="article-figures" aria-label="Figures Dialog">  <div class="pswp__bg"></div>  <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">  <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> </div>  <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar">  <div class="pswp__counter"></div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>   <div class="pswp__preloader"> <div class="pswp__preloader__icn"> <div class="pswp__preloader__cut"> <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"> <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div> </div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)"> </button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)"> </button> <div class="pswp__caption"> <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-dialog-caption"> <div class="figure-caption-link-container"> <a class="figure-caption-link" href="#">See this image and copyright information in PMC</a> </div> <div class="figure-caption-center" data-expand-title="click to show full caption" data-collapse-title="click to hide full caption"> </div> <button class="figure-caption-toggle-btn" aria-label="show full caption" data-expand-text="show full caption" data-collapse-text="hide full caption">  </button> </div> </div> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/29263272/" ref="article_id=29263272&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="29263272" data-ga-label=""> RSAD2 and AIM2 Modulate Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus A71 Replication in Neuronal Cells in Different Ways That May Be Associated with Their 5' Nontranslated Regions. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Yogarajah T, Ong KC, Perera D, Wong KT.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Yogarajah T, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">J Virol. 2018 Feb 26;92(6):e01914-17. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01914-17. 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href="/?term=%22NLR+Family%2C+Pyrin+Domain-Containing+3+Protein%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22NLR+Family%2C+Pyrin+Domain-Containing+3+Protein%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein* / metabolism"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=NLR+Family%2C+Pyrin+Domain-Containing+3+Protein" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein* / metabolism"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""NLR Family, Pyrin 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class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Virus Replication"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Virus Replication"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> Substances </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22NLR+Family%2C+Pyrin+Domain-Containing+3+Protein%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22NLR+Family%2C+Pyrin+Domain-Containing+3+Protein%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22NLR+Family%2C+Pyrin+Domain-Containing+3+Protein%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword NLRP3 protein, human" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-1" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> NLRP3 protein, human </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-1" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword NLRP3 protein, human"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22NLRP3+protein%2C+human%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22NLRP3+protein%2C+human%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="NLRP3 protein, human"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="NLRP3 protein, human"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22NLRP3+protein%2C+human%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="NLRP3 protein, human"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""NLRP3 protein, human"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""NLRP3 protein, human"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" 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NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis exacerbates coxsackievirus A16 and coxsackievirus A10-induced inflammatory response and viral replication in SH-SY5Y cells - PubMed