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Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87" title="باديشاه – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باديشاه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pad%C5%9Fah" title="Padşah – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Padşah" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_(%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="پادیشاه (عونوان) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پادیشاه (عونوان)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9" title="বাদশাহ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাদশাহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Падзішах – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Падзішах" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Падышаг – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Падышаг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Падишах – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Падишах" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padixah" title="Padixah – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Padixah" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1di%C5%A1%C3%A1h" title="Pádišáh – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pádišáh" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padish%C3%A1" title="Padishá – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Padishá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padi%C5%9Daho" title="Padiŝaho – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Padiŝaho" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_(%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="پادشاه (عنوان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پادشاه (عنوان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padichah" title="Padichah – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Padichah" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%94%94%EC%83%A4" title="파디샤 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파디샤" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padishah" title="Padishah – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Padishah" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padi%C5%A1ah" title="Padišah – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Padišah" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padisyah" title="Padisyah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Padisyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padisci%C3%A0" title="Padiscià – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Padiscià" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%94" title="פאדישאה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פאדישאה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D2%BB" title="Падишаһ – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Падишаһ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padi%C5%A1ahs" title="Padišahs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Padišahs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padisah" title="Padisah – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Padisah" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Падишах – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Падишах" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87" title="باديشاه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="باديشاه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padishah" title="Padishah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Padishah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padisjah" title="Padisjah – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Padisjah" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC" title="パーディシャー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パーディシャー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padishah" title="Padishah – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Padishah" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podshoh" title="Podshoh – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Podshoh" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9" title="ਪਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81" title="پادشاہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پادشاہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padyszach" title="Padyszach – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Padyszach" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padi%C8%99ah" title="Padișah – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Padișah" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Падишах – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Падишах" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padishahu" title="Padishahu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Padishahu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padi%C5%A1ah" title="Padišah – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Padišah" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Падишах – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Падишах" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padi%C5%A1ah" title="Padišah – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Padišah" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B7%E0%AE%BE" title="பாடிஷா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாடிஷா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%BE%D2%B3_(%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Подшоҳ (унвон) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Подшоҳ (унвон)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padi%C5%9Fah" title="Padişah – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Padişah" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Падишах – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Падишах" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81" title="پادشاہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پادشاہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padishah" title="Padishah – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Padishah" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padi%C5%9Fah" title="Padişah – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Padişah" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E8%BF%AA%E6%B2%99%E9%98%BF" title="帕迪沙阿 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="帕迪沙阿" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1907676#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Padishah" 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Monarchy" title="Category:Monarchy">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal, noble, gentry and chivalric ranks</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pahlavi_Crown_of_Imperial_Iran_(heraldry).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Pahlavi_Crown_of_Imperial_Iran_%28heraldry%29.svg/120px-Pahlavi_Crown_of_Imperial_Iran_%28heraldry%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Pahlavi_Crown_of_Imperial_Iran_%28heraldry%29.svg/180px-Pahlavi_Crown_of_Imperial_Iran_%28heraldry%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Pahlavi_Crown_of_Imperial_Iran_%28heraldry%29.svg/240px-Pahlavi_Crown_of_Imperial_Iran_%28heraldry%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="171" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a>: <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shahanshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Kings" title="King of Kings">King of Kings</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Padishah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banbishn" title="Banbishn">Banbishn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Sultans" title="Sultan of Sultans">Sultan of Sultans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakravarti_(Sanskrit_term)" title="Chakravarti (Sanskrit term)">Chakravarti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor#Indian_subcontinent" title="Emperor">Samrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharajadhiraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharajadhiraja">Maharajadhiraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">Khagan</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharana" title="Maharana">Maharana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik" title="Malik">Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultana_(title)" title="Sultana (title)">Sultana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahbanu" title="Shahbanu">Shahbanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirvanshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shirvanshah">Shirvanshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatun" title="Khatun">Khatun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatun" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatun">Hatun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dey" title="Dey">Dey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_(title)" title="Nizam (title)">Nizam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawab" title="Nawab">Nawab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_al-umara" title="Amir al-umara">Amir al-umara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khagan_Bek" title="Khagan Bek">Khagan Bek</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">Prince</a> or <a href="/wiki/Duke" title="Duke">Duke</a>: <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Emir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">Sheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rana_(title)" title="Rana (title)">Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhshid" title="Ikhshid">Ikhshid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beylerbey" title="Beylerbey">Beylerbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasha" title="Pasha">Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babu_(title)" title="Babu (title)">Babu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar" title="Sardar">Sardar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandal_(surname)" title="Mandal (surname)">Mandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patil_(title)" title="Patil (title)">Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja (title)">Rajkumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahibzada" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahibzada">Sahibzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati" title="Chhatrapati">Chhatrapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawab" title="Nawab">Nawab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawabzada" class="mw-redirect" title="Nawabzada">Nawabzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuvaraja" title="Yuvaraja">Yuvraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzade" title="Şehzade">Şehzade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_(name)" title="Mirza (name)">Mirza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morza" title="Morza">Morza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murzin" title="Murzin">Murzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegin" title="Tegin">Tegin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khedive" title="Khedive">Khedive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam">Nizam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabghu" title="Yabghu">Yabghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishkhan_(title)" title="Ishkhan (title)">Ishkhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahzada_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahzada (title)">Shahzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vali_Ahd" class="mw-redirect" title="Vali Ahd">Vali Ahd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_the_Sa%27id" title="Prince of the Sa'id">Prince of the Sa'id</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(title)" title="Mir (title)">Mir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shad_(prince)" title="Shad (prince)">Shad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanum" title="Khanum">Khanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghatur" title="Baghatur">Baghatur</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earl" title="Earl">Earl</a> or <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">Count</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mankari" title="Mankari">Mankari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Bahadur" title="Dewan Bahadur">Dewan Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak-bey" title="Sanjak-bey">Sancak bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rao_Bahadur" class="mw-redirect" title="Rao Bahadur">Rao Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rai_Bahadur" title="Rai Bahadur">Rai Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Bahadur" title="Khan Bahadur">Khan Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atabeg" title="Atabeg">Atabeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boila" title="Boila">Boila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C4%81li" class="mw-redirect" title="Wāli">Wāli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparapet" title="Sparapet">Sparapet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azat" title="Azat">Azat</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viscount" title="Viscount">Viscount</a>: <a href="/wiki/Zamindar" title="Zamindar">Zamindar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Sahib" title="Khan Sahib">Khan Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey">Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadi_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Kadi (Ottoman Empire)">Kadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baig" class="mw-redirect" title="Baig">Baig</a> or <a href="/wiki/Begum" title="Begum">Begum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begzada" title="Begzada">Begzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%A7_bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Uç bey">Uç bey</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">Baron</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lala_(title)" title="Lala (title)">Lala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agha_(Ottoman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agha (Ottoman Empire)">Agha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazinedar" title="Hazinedar">Hazinedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rais" title="Rais">Rais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagirdar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagirdar">Jagirdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saranjamdar" title="Saranjamdar">Saranjamdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taluqdar" title="Taluqdar">Taluqdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarafdar" title="Tarafdar">Tarafdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikdar" title="Sikdar">Sikdar</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li>Royal house: <a href="/wiki/Damat" title="Damat">Damat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Gurkani</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobleman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobleman">Nobleman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jenmi" title="Jenmi">Jenmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankari" title="Mankari">Mankari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mian_(title)" title="Mian (title)">Mian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_(name)" title="Mirza (name)">Mirza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasha" title="Pasha">Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey">Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baig" class="mw-redirect" title="Baig">Baig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begzada" title="Begzada">Begzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dawla" title="Al-Dawla">al-Dawla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibi_(title)" title="Bibi (title)">Bibi</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; line-height:130%"> <ul><li>Governmental: <a href="/wiki/Lala_(title)" title="Lala (title)">Lala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">Vizier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan" title="Dewan">Dewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agha_(Ottoman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agha (Ottoman Empire)">Agha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haldar" title="Haldar">Haldar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howlader" class="mw-redirect" title="Howlader">Hawladar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazinedar" title="Hazinedar">Hazinedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faujdar" title="Faujdar">Faujdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambardar" title="Lambardar">Lambardar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mridha" title="Mridha">Mridha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayak_(title)" title="Nayak (title)">Nayak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chowdhury" title="Chowdhury">Chowdhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostowfi_ol-Mamalek_(title)" title="Mostowfi ol-Mamalek (title)">Mostowfi ol-Mamalek</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Royal_and_noble_ranks_of_West,_Central,_Southern_Asia,_and_North_Africa" title="Template:Royal and noble ranks of West, Central, Southern Asia, and North Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Royal_and_noble_ranks_of_West,_Central,_Southern_Asia,_and_North_Africa" title="Template talk:Royal and noble ranks of West, Central, Southern Asia, and North Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Royal_and_noble_ranks_of_West,_Central,_Southern_Asia,_and_North_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Royal and noble ranks of West, Central, Southern Asia, and North Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Padishah</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">پادشاه</span> <span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">pādeshāh</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">[pʰɒːdeˈʃɒːɦ]</a></span> – <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Master King</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a superlative <a href="/wiki/Sovereign" title="Sovereign">sovereign</a> <a href="/wiki/Title" title="Title">title</a> of Persian origin. </p><p>A form of the word is known already from <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a> (or Pahlavi) as <i>pātaxšā(h)</i> or <i>pādixšā(y)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Middle Persian <i>pād</i> may stem from <a href="/wiki/Avestan" title="Avestan">Avestan</a> <i>pa<sup>i</sup>ti</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is akin to <a href="/wiki/Pati_(title)" title="Pati (title)">Pati (title)</a>. <i>Xšāy</i> 'to rule' and <i>xšāyaθiya</i> 'king' are both from <a href="/wiki/Old_Persian" title="Old Persian">Old Persian</a>. </p><p>It was adopted by several <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchs</a> claiming the highest rank, roughly equivalent to the ancient <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persian</a> notion of "<a href="/wiki/Great_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Great King">Great King</a>", and later adopted by post-<a href="/wiki/Achaemenid" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenid">Achaemenid</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal emperors">Mughal emperors</a> of India. However, in some periods it was used more generally for autonomous Muslim rulers, as in the <i><a href="/wiki/Hudud_al-%27Alam" title="Hudud al-'Alam">Hudud al-'Alam</a></i> of the 10th century, where even some petty princes of Afghanistan are called <i>pādshā(h)</i>/<i>pādshāʼi</i>/<i>pādshāy</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rulers on the following thrones – the first two effectively commanding major <a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West Asian</a> empires – were styled Padishah: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shahanshah</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, originating mainly with the <a href="/wiki/Safavids" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavids">Safavids</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire">Padishah</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mughal_emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal emperors">Badshah</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hindustan" title="Hindustan">Hindustan</a>, used by the <a href="/wiki/Mughals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughals">Mughals</a></li> <li>Some Seljuk rulers, like <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Grand Seljuk</a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sanjar" title="Ahmad Sanjar">Ahmad Sanjar</a> (as <span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">padishah-i sharq-u gharb</i></span>, a translation of the Arabic <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">malik al-mashriq wa al-maghrib</i></span> [King of the East and the West]), <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultan of Rum</a> <a href="/wiki/Kaykhusraw_I" title="Kaykhusraw I">Kaykhusraw I</a> (as <i>Padishah of Islam</i>), and Sultan of Rum <a href="/wiki/Kayqubad_I" title="Kayqubad I">Kayqubad I</a> (as <span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">pādshāh</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mongol <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhan</a> <a href="/wiki/Ghazan" title="Ghazan">Ghazan</a> took the title <i>Padshah-i Islam</i> after he converted to Islam in 1295, possibly in order to undermine the religious prestige of the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk Sultanate</a> in Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The title <i>Ilkhan</i>, that came into use <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1259</span>–1265, may be an equivalent of <i>Padishah</i>, if it is taken to mean 'sovereign khan' (and not 'subordinate khan' as often posited).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadud_of_Swat" title="Wadud of Swat">Miangul Golshahzada Abdul Wadud</a> (predecessor styled <i>Amir-i shariat</i>, successors [Khān and] <i>Wali</i>) of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistani</a> <a href="/wiki/North-West_Frontier_Province" title="North-West Frontier Province">North-West Frontier</a> <a href="/wiki/Swat_(princely_state)" title="Swat (princely state)">state of Swat</a>, who called himself <i>badshah</i> from November 1918 to March 1926.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani" title="Ahmad Shah Durrani">Ahmad Shah Durrani</a>, who founded the <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a> in 1747 with the title <i>Pādshah-i Afghanistan</i> in Persian and <i>Badcha Da Afghanistan</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto language</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sadduzai" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadduzai">Sadduzai</a> were overthrown in 1823 but there was a brief restoration by <a href="/wiki/Shah_Shujah_Durrani" title="Shah Shujah Durrani">Shah Shujah</a> in 1839 with the help of <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>. The title became dormant from his assassination in 1842 until 1926 when <a href="/wiki/Amanullah_Khan" title="Amanullah Khan">Amanullah Khan</a> resurrected it (official from 1937) and was finally abandoned with the abdication of <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Zahir_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Zahir Shah">Mohammed Zahir Shah</a> in 1973 following a coup; at other times the Afghan monarchy used the style <i><a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Emir</a> (Amir al-Momenin)</i> or <a href="/wiki/Malik" title="Malik">Malik</a> ('King').<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The last <a href="/wiki/Pasha" title="Pasha">Basha</a> <a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey">bey</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_VIII_al-Amin" title="Muhammad VIII al-Amin">Muhammad VIII al-Amin</a> (proclaimed bey on 15 May 1943), adopted the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign" title="Sovereign">sovereign</a> style <i>padshah</i> 20 March 1956 – 25 July 1957.</li> <li>The female monarch <a href="/wiki/Razia_Sultana" title="Razia Sultana">Razia</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> used the masculine title <i>padshah</i>.</li></ul> <p>The compound Pādshah-i-<a href="/wiki/Ghazi_(warrior)" title="Ghazi (warrior)">Ghazi</a> ('Victorious Emperor') is only recorded for two individual rulers: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani" title="Ahmad Shah Durrani">Ahmad Shah Durrani</a>, Emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1747–1772</span>)</li> <li>Rustam-i-Dauran, Aristu-i-Zaman, <a href="/wiki/Nasir-ud-dawlah,_Asaf_Jah_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasir-ud-dawlah, Asaf Jah IV"> Asaf Jah IV</a>, Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Farkhunda 'Ali Khan Bahadur [Gufran Manzil], Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, Ayn waffadar Fidvi-i-Senliena, Iqtidar-i-Kishwarsitan Muhammad Akbar Shah Padshah-i-Ghazi, <a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad" title="Nizam of Hyderabad">Nizam of Hyderabad</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1829–1857</span>)</li></ol> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> usе the term Padishah for <a href="/wiki/God_in_Sikhism" title="God in Sikhism">God</a> and the 10 <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Gurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh Gurus">gurus</a>. Padishah is also used for the 10th and last Guru of Sikhs <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Like many <a href="/wiki/Royal_and_noble_ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal and noble ranks">titles</a>, the word <i>Padishah</i> was also often used as a name, either by <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobles</a> with other (in this case always lower) styles, or even by <a href="/wiki/Commoners" class="mw-redirect" title="Commoners">commoners</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Padshah_Begum" title="Padshah Begum">Padshah Begum</a> is the title of consorts of <i>padishahs</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman Empire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padishah&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ottoman Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire">List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EmperorSuleiman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EmperorSuleiman.jpg/220px-EmperorSuleiman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EmperorSuleiman.jpg/330px-EmperorSuleiman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EmperorSuleiman.jpg/440px-EmperorSuleiman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1810" data-file-height="2117" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a>, longest reigning padishah of the Ottoman Empire. Portrait attributed to <a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1530</span>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Ottoman Empire the title padishah was exclusively reserved for the Ottoman emperor, as the Ottoman chancery rarely and unwillingly addressed foreign monarchs as padishahs. The <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg emperors</a> were consequently denied this title and addressed merely as the "kings of Vienna" (<i>beç kıralı</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Zsitvatorok" title="Peace of Zsitvatorok">Peace of Zsitvatorok</a> in 1606, it was the first time that the <a href="/wiki/Sublime_Porte" title="Sublime Porte">Sublime Porte</a> recognized <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf II</a> as equal of the padishah.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_Kaynarca" title="Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca">Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca</a> in 1774, gave similar concessions to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Ottoman_sources">In Ottoman sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padishah&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In Ottoman sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Taceddin_Ahmedi" title="Taceddin Ahmedi">Ahmedi</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0skendern%C3%A2me" class="mw-redirect" title="İskendernâme">İskendernâme</a></i>, one of the earliest Ottoman sources, alongside the titles <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey">beg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orhan" title="Orhan">Orhan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Murad_I" title="Murad I">Murad I</a> bore the title padishah as well.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padishah&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baig" class="mw-redirect" title="Baig">Baig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begum" title="Begum">Begum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawab" title="Nawab">Nawab</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padishah&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From Classical Persian <span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">pād</i></span> [or <a href="/wiki/Old_Persian" title="Old Persian">Old Persian</a>: *<span title="Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.)-language romanization"><i lang="peo-Latn">pati</i></span>] 'master', and <i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C4%81h" class="mw-redirect" title="Shāh">shāh</a></i> 'king'.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian" title="Romanization of Persian">romanised</a> as <b>padeshah</b>, <b>padshah</b> or <b>badshah</b>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Known in other languages as <span title="Azerbaijani-language text"><i lang="az">padşah</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="az-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Azerbaijani" title="Help:IPA/Azerbaijani">[pɑːtˈʃɑːh]</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azeri</a>); <span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota" dir="rtl">پادشاه</span></span> <span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language romanization"><i lang="ota-Latn">pâdişâh</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish" title="Ottoman Turkish">Ottoman Turkish</a>); <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">padişah</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">[paːdiˈʃaːh]</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Modern Turkish</a>); <span title="Tajik-language text"><span lang="tg">подшоҳ</span></span> <span title="Tajik-language romanization"><i lang="tg-Latn">podshoh</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Tajik_language" title="Tajik language">Tajik</a>); <span title="Caribbean Hindustani-language text"><span lang="hns">बादशाह/<span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">بادشاہ‎</span></span></span> <span title="Caribbean Hindustani-language romanization"><i lang="hns-Latn">bādeśāh</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Hindi%E2%80%93Urdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi–Urdu">Hindi–Urdu</a>).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padishah&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Etymonline.com, s.v. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=pasha&searchmode=none">"pasha"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131006185836/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=pasha&searchmode=none">Archived</a> October 6, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070326092722/http://www.bartleby.com/61/94/P0009400.html">Bartbleby.com Dictionary & Etymology</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMacKenzie1971" class="citation book cs1">MacKenzie, D. N. (1971). <i>A concise Pahlavi dictionary</i>. London. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-61396-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-61396-8"><bdi>978-1-136-61396-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/891590013">891590013</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+concise+Pahlavi+dictionary&rft.place=London&rft.pages=63&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F891590013&rft.isbn=978-1-136-61396-8&rft.aulast=MacKenzie&rft.aufirst=D.+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadishah" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"pad(i)shah ." <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Dictionary_of_English_Etymology" title="The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology">The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology</a></i>. Retrieved September 22, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/padishah">https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/padishah</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211005163601/https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/padishah">Archived</a> 2021-10-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pahlavica.org/search/view/5/14525">"[ pādixšā(y) – Encyclopedia Pahlavica ]"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211005165104/https://www.pahlavica.org/search/view/5/14525">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5B+p%C4%81dix%C5%A1%C4%81%28y%29+%E2%80%93+Encyclopedia+Pahlavica+%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pahlavica.org%2Fsearch%2Fview%2F5%2F14525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadishah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHorn1893" class="citation book cs1">Horn, Paul (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/grundrissderneu00horngoog"><i>Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie</i></a>. University of Michigan. Strassburg, K.J. Trübner. p. 61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grundriss+der+neupersischen+Etymologie&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Strassburg%2C+K.J.+Tr%C3%BCbner&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Horn&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgrundrissderneu00horngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadishah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pahlavica.org/search/view/1/16401">"[ Pad – Encyclopedia Pahlavica ]"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211008215424/https://www.pahlavica.org/search/view/1/16401">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5B+Pad+%E2%80%93+Encyclopedia+Pahlavica+%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pahlavica.org%2Fsearch%2Fview%2F1%2F16401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadishah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBabingerBosworth1995" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Babinger, Fr. & Bosworth, C.E. (1995). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/padishah-SIM_6055?s.num=24&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.start=20&s.q=Ak+Koyunlu+Persian">"Pādis̲h̲āh"</a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Heinrichs" title="Wolfhart Heinrichs">Heinrichs, W. P.</a> & <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Lecomte" title="Gérard Lecomte">Lecomte, G.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>.</i> Volume VIII:<i> Ned–Sam</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09834-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09834-3"><bdi>978-90-04-09834-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=P%C4%81dis%CC%B2h%CC%B2%C4%81h&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+VIII%3A+Ned%E2%80%93Sam&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09834-3&rft.aulast=Babinger&rft.aufirst=Fr.&rft.au=Bosworth%2C+C.E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-2%2Fpadishah-SIM_6055%3Fs.num%3D24%26s.f.s2_parent%3Ds.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2%26s.start%3D20%26s.q%3DAk%2BKoyunlu%2BPersian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadishah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKorobeĭnikov2014" class="citation book cs1">Korobeĭnikov, Dimitri (2014). <i>Byzantium and the Turks in the Thirteenth Century</i>. Oxford, United Kingdom. pp. <span class="nowrap">99–</span>101, 290, 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-870826-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-870826-1"><bdi>978-0-19-870826-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/884743514">884743514</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+the+Turks+in+the+Thirteenth+Century&rft.place=Oxford%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E99-%3C%2Fspan%3E101%2C+290%2C+157&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F884743514&rft.isbn=978-0-19-870826-1&rft.aulast=Korobe%C4%ADnikov&rft.aufirst=Dimitri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadishah" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Melville, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/10487415/_Padshah_i_Islam_The_conversion_of_Sultan_Mahmud_Ghazan_Khan_">Padshah-i Islam: the conversion of Sultan Mahmud Ghazan Khan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211009220419/https://www.academia.edu/10487415/_Padshah_i_Islam_The_conversion_of_Sultan_Mahmud_Ghazan_Khan_">Archived</a> 2021-10-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", Pembroke Papers I, ed. C. Melville, Cambridge: Middle East Centre, 1990: p. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKyle_Crossley2019" class="citation book cs1">Kyle Crossley, Pamela (2019). <i>Hammer and Anvil: Nomad Rulers at the Forge of the Modern World</i>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MsJ9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162">162</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-1445-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-1445-3"><bdi>978-1-4422-1445-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hammer+and+Anvil%3A+Nomad+Rulers+at+the+Forge+of+the+Modern+World&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-1445-3&rft.aulast=Kyle+Crossley&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadishah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rulers.org/rula1.html">"Countries Ab-Am"</a>. <i>rulers.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180626032104/http://www.rulers.org/rula1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-06-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2005-06-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rulers.org&rft.atitle=Countries+Ab-Am&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rulers.org%2Frula1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadishah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bhaskar.com/news/RAJ-PALI-MAT-latest-pali-news-054503-339032-NOR.html">श्रद्धा के साथ मनाया पंच पातिशाही गुरु अर्जुनदेव महाराज का शहीदी पर्व</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815225143/https://www.bhaskar.com/news/RAJ-PALI-MAT-latest-pali-news-054503-339032-NOR.html">Archived</a> 2021-08-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Hindi)</span>. <i>Dainik Bhaskar</i>. 1916.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKaur2021" class="citation book cs1">Kaur, Madanjit (2021-05-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZG4MycGdpjAC&dq=guru+gobind+singh+badshah&pg=PA218"><i>Guru Gobind Singh: Historical and Ideological Perspective</i></a>. Unistar Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-89899-55-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-89899-55-4"><bdi>978-81-89899-55-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guru+Gobind+Singh%3A+Historical+and+Ideological+Perspective&rft.pub=Unistar+Books&rft.date=2021-05-15&rft.isbn=978-81-89899-55-4&rft.aulast=Kaur&rft.aufirst=Madanjit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZG4MycGdpjAC%26dq%3Dguru%2Bgobind%2Bsingh%2Bbadshah%26pg%3DPA218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadishah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Fibiger_BangDariusz_Kolodziejczyk2012" class="citation book cs1">Peter Fibiger Bang; Dariusz Kolodziejczyk (2012). <i>Universal Empire: A Comparative Approach to Imperial Culture and Representation in Eurasian History</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 178.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Universal+Empire%3A+A+Comparative+Approach+to+Imperial+Culture+and+Representation+in+Eurasian+History&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Peter+Fibiger+Bang&rft.au=Dariusz+Kolodziejczyk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadishah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKenneth_Meyer_Setton1991" class="citation book cs1">Kenneth Meyer Setton (1991). <i>Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century</i>. p. 22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Venice%2C+Austria%2C+and+the+Turks+in+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1991&rft.au=Kenneth+Meyer+Setton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadishah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBernard_Lewis2002" class="citation book cs1">Bernard Lewis (2002). <i>What Went Wrong?: Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response</i>. p. 164.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Went+Wrong%3F%3A+Western+Impact+and+Middle+Eastern+Response&rft.pages=164&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Bernard+Lewis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadishah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHalil_Inalcik1988–2016" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Halil Inalcik (1988–2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/padisah">"PADİŞAH پادشاه İslâm devletlerinde çok geniş ülkelere sahip hükümdarlara verilen unvan."</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TDV_Encyclopedia_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="TDV Encyclopedia of Islam">TDV Encyclopedia of Islam</a> (44+2 vols.)</i> (in Turkish). Istanbul: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Religious_Affairs" title="Presidency of Religious Affairs">Turkiye Diyanet Foundation</a>, Centre for Islamic Studies.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=PAD%C4%B0%C5%9EAH+%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87+%C4%B0sl%C3%A2m+devletlerinde+%C3%A7ok+geni%C5%9F+%C3%BClkelere+sahip+h%C3%BCk%C3%BCmdarlara+verilen+unvan.&rft.btitle=TDV+Encyclopedia+of+Islam+%2844%2B2+vols.%29&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pub=Turkiye+Diyanet+Foundation%2C+Centre+for+Islamic+Studies&rft.date=1988%2F2016&rft.au=Halil+Inalcik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fislamansiklopedisi.org.tr%2Fpadisah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadishah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padishah&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBabingerBosworth1995" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Babinger, Fr. & Bosworth, C.E. (1995). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/padishah-SIM_6055?s.num=24&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.start=20&s.q=Ak+Koyunlu+Persian">"Pādis̲h̲āh"</a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Heinrichs" title="Wolfhart Heinrichs">Heinrichs, W. P.</a> & <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Lecomte" title="Gérard Lecomte">Lecomte, G.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>.</i> Volume VIII:<i> Ned–Sam</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09834-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-09834-3"><bdi>978-90-04-09834-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=P%C4%81dis%CC%B2h%CC%B2%C4%81h&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+VIII%3A+Ned%E2%80%93Sam&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09834-3&rft.aulast=Babinger&rft.aufirst=Fr.&rft.au=Bosworth%2C+C.E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-2%2Fpadishah-SIM_6055%3Fs.num%3D24%26s.f.s2_parent%3Ds.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2%26s.start%3D20%26s.q%3DAk%2BKoyunlu%2BPersian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APadishah" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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