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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Use in Japanese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_in_Japanese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_in_other_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_other_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Use in other languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_in_other_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Computer_input" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Computer_input"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Computer input</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Computer_input-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_representations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_representations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other representations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_representations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokuon" title="Sokuon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sokuon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokuon" title="Sokuon – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sokuon" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%89%EC%9D%8C" title="촉음 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="촉음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokuon" title="Sokuon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sokuon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokuon" title="Sokuon – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sokuon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szokuon" title="Szokuon – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szokuon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%83%E9%9F%B3" title="促音 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="促音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokuon" title="Sokuon – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sokuon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokuon" title="Sokuon – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sokuon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Сокуон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сокуон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokuon" title="Sokuon – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sokuon" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokuon" title="Sokuon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sokuon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Сокуон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сокуон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokuon" title="Sokuon – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sokuon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%83%E9%9F%B3" title="促音 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="促音" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%83%E9%9F%B3" title="促音 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="促音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1199708#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1245169151">.mw-parser-output .jawriting-sidebar{width:20em}.mw-parser-output .jawriting-header{border-top:1px solid #aaa}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks jawriting-sidebar hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%9B%B8.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Japanese writing"><img alt="Japanese writing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%E6%9B%B8.svg/75px-%E6%9B%B8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%E6%9B%B8.svg/113px-%E6%9B%B8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%E6%9B%B8.svg/150px-%E6%9B%B8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_writing_system" title="Japanese writing system">Japanese writing</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading jawriting-header"> Components</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stroke_order" title="Stroke order">Stroke order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_Japanese_kanji_radicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Table of Japanese kanji radicals">Radicals</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jōyō kanji">Jōyō kanji</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_j%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="List of jōyō kanji">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Diku_kanji" title="Kyōiku kanji">Kyōiku kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Tōyō kanji">Tōyō kanji</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jinmeiyō kanji">Jinmeiyō kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dgai_kanji" title="Hyōgai kanji">Hyōgai kanji</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goj%C5%ABon" title="Gojūon">Gojūon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_typographic_symbols" title="List of Japanese typographic symbols">Typographic symbols</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_punctuation" title="Japanese punctuation">Japanese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iteration_mark#Japanese" title="Iteration mark">Iteration mark</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading jawriting-header"> Uses</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Syllabograms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furigana" title="Furigana">Furigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okurigana" title="Okurigana">Okurigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Braille</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading jawriting-header"> Transliteration</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">Rōmaji</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kunrei-shiki_romanization" title="Kunrei-shiki romanization">Kunrei-shiki</a> / ISO 3602 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nihon-shiki_romanization" title="Nihon-shiki romanization">Nihon-shiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSL_romanization" title="JSL romanization">JSL</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W%C4%81puro_r%C5%8Dmaji" title="Wāpuro rōmaji">Wāpuro</a> (keyboard input)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Japanese" title="Cyrillization of Japanese">Cyrillization</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polivanov_system" title="Polivanov system">Polivanov system</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks kana-gojuon-sidebar"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">kana</a> <a href="/wiki/Goj%C5%ABon" title="Gojūon">gojūon</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Wa_(kana)" title="Wa (kana)">wa</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ra_(kana)" title="Ra (kana)">ra</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ya_(kana)" title="Ya (kana)">ya</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ma_(kana)" title="Ma (kana)">ma</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ha_(kana)" title="Ha (kana)">ha</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Na_(kana)" title="Na (kana)">na</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ta_(kana)" title="Ta (kana)">ta</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sa_(kana)" title="Sa (kana)">sa</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ka_(kana)" title="Ka (kana)">ka</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/A_(kana)" title="A (kana)">a</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><i><a href="/wiki/Wi_(kana)" title="Wi (kana)">wi</a></i></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ri_(kana)" title="Ri (kana)">ri</a></td><td><i>(<a href="/wiki/Yi_(kana)" title="Yi (kana)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#555">yi</span></a>)</i></td><td><a href="/wiki/Mi_(kana)" title="Mi (kana)">mi</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Hi_(kana)" title="Hi (kana)">hi</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ni_(kana)" title="Ni (kana)">ni</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Chi_(kana)" title="Chi (kana)">chi</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Shi_(kana)" title="Shi (kana)">shi</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ki_(kana)" title="Ki (kana)">ki</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/I_(kana)" title="I (kana)">i</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><i>(<a href="/wiki/Wu_(kana)" title="Wu (kana)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#555">wu</span></a>)</i></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ru_(kana)" title="Ru (kana)">ru</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yu_(kana)" title="Yu (kana)">yu</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Mu_(kana)" title="Mu (kana)">mu</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Fu_(kana)" title="Fu (kana)">fu</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Nu_(kana)" title="Nu (kana)">nu</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Tsu_(kana)" title="Tsu (kana)">tsu</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Su_(kana)" title="Su (kana)">su</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ku_(kana)" title="Ku (kana)">ku</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/U_(kana)" title="U (kana)">u</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><i><a href="/wiki/We_(kana)" title="We (kana)">we</a></i></td><td><a href="/wiki/Re_(kana)" title="Re (kana)">re</a></td><td><i>(<a href="/wiki/Ye_(kana)" title="Ye (kana)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#467">ye</span></a>)</i></td><td><a href="/wiki/Me_(kana)" title="Me (kana)">me</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/He_(kana)" title="He (kana)">he</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ne_(kana)" title="Ne (kana)">ne</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Te_(kana)" title="Te (kana)">te</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Se_(kana)" title="Se (kana)">se</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ke_(kana)" title="Ke (kana)">ke</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/E_(kana)" title="E (kana)">e</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td><a href="/wiki/Wo_(kana)" title="Wo (kana)">wo</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ro_(kana)" title="Ro (kana)">ro</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Yo_(kana)" title="Yo (kana)">yo</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Mo_(kana)" title="Mo (kana)">mo</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ho_(kana)" title="Ho (kana)">ho</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/No_(kana)" title="No (kana)">no</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/To_(kana)" title="To (kana)">to</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/So_(kana)" title="So (kana)">so</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ko_(kana)" title="Ko (kana)">ko</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/O_(kana)" title="O (kana)">o</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="/wiki/N_(kana)" title="N (kana)">n</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Kana modifiers and marks</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">sokuonfu (gemination)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Don" title="Yōon">yōon (palatalization)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Donpu" title="Chōonpu">chōonpu (vowel lengthener)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iteration_mark#Kana" title="Iteration mark">Iteration marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakuten" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakuten">dakuten/handakuten (voiced & semi-voiced marks)</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Multi-moraic kana</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iu_(kana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iu (kana)">iu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashiko_(kana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashiko (kana)">kashiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koto_(kana)" title="Koto (kana)">koto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_(kana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sama (kana)">sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shite_(kana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shite (kana)">shite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toki_(kana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Toki (kana)">toki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomo_(kana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomo (kana)">tomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nari_(kana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nari (kana)">nari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mairasesoro_(kana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mairasesoro (kana)">mairasesoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yori_(kana)" title="Yori (kana)">yori</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kana_gojuon_sidebar" title="Template:Kana gojuon sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kana_gojuon_sidebar" title="Template talk:Kana gojuon sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kana_gojuon_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kana gojuon sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>sokuon</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BF%83%E9%9F%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:促音">促音</a></span></span>)</span> is a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_typographic_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese typographic symbols">Japanese symbol</a> in the form of a small <a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a> or <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a> <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tsu_(kana)" title="Tsu (kana)">tsu</a></i></span>, as well as the various consonants represented by it. In less formal language, it is called <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">chiisai tsu</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">小さいつ</span></span>)</span> or <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">chiisana tsu</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">小さなつ</span></span>)</span>, meaning "small <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tsu</i></span>".<sup id="cite_ref-Kawahara2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kawahara2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It serves multiple purposes in Japanese writing. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appearance">Appearance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sokuon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Appearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In both hiragana and katakana, the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">sokuon</i></span> appears as a <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">tsu</i></span> reduced in size: </p> <table class="wikitable" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Full-sized </th> <th>Sokuon </th></tr> <tr> <th>Hiragana </th> <td align="center"><big><big><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">つ</span></span></big></big> </td> <td align="center"><big><big><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">っ</span></span></big></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Katakana </th> <td align="center"><big><big><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ツ</span></span></big></big> </td> <td align="center"><big><big><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ッ</span></span></big></big> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_Japanese">Use in Japanese</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sokuon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Use in Japanese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main use of the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">sokuon</i></span> is to mark a <a href="/wiki/Geminate" class="mw-redirect" title="Geminate">geminate</a> consonant,<sup id="cite_ref-Kawahara2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kawahara2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is represented in most <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">romanization systems</a> by the doubling of the consonant, except that <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn romanization</a> writes a geminate <i>ch</i> as <i>tch</i>. It denotes the gemination of the initial consonant of the symbol that follows it. </p><p>Examples: </p> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pocky" title="Pocky">Pocky</a>, a Japanese snack food, is written in kana as <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ポッキー</span></span>, which is <dl><dd><span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ポ</span></span> <span style="margin-right:.09em">(</span><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">po</i></span>)</span></dd> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ッ</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">sokuon</i></span>)</span></dd> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">キ</span></span> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">ki</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span></dd> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ー</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Donpu" title="Chōonpu">chōonpu</a></i></span>)</span></dd></dl> In rōmaji, this is written <i>pokkī</i>, with the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">sokuon</i></span> represented by the doubled <i>k</i> consonant.</li><li><span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">待って</span></span> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">matte</i></span>)</span>, the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_verb_conjugations#te_form" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese verb conjugations">te form</a> of the verb <span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">待つ</span></span> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">matsu</i></span>, "wait")</span>, is composed of: <dl><dd><span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">待</span></span> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">ma</i></span>) (<a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a>)</span></dd> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">っ</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">sokuon</i></span>)</span></dd> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">て</span></span> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">te</i></span>)</span></dd></dl> In the rōmaji rendering, <i>matte</i>, the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">sokuon</i></span> is represented by the doubling of the <i>t</i> consonant.</li><li><span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">こっち</span></span> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kotchi</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>, meaning "here", is composed of: <dl><dd><span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">こ</span></span> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">ko</i></span>)</span></dd> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">っ</span></span> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">sokuon</i></span>)</span></dd> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ち</span></span> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">chi</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span></dd></dl> In <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn romanization</a>, <i>kotchi</i>, the <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">sokuon</i></span> is represented by the <i>t</i> consonant, even though the following consonant is <i>ch</i>. This is because rōmaji <i>ch</i> actually represents <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t͡ɕ]</span> (<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate</a>), and the sokuon before it doubles the <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t]</span> sound. The <a href="/wiki/Kunrei-shiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunrei-shiki">Kunrei-shiki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nihon-shiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Nihon-shiki">Nihon-shiki</a> romanization systems write this syllable as <i>ti</i> (and its geminate version as <i>tti</i>) so the exception does not arise.</li></ul></div> <p>The sokuon never appears at the beginning of a word or before a vowel (<i>a</i>, <i>i</i>, <i>u</i>, <i>e</i>, or <i>o</i>), and rarely appears before a syllable that begins with the consonants <i>n</i>, <i>m</i>, <i>r</i>, <i>w</i>, or <i>y</i>. (In words and loanwords that require geminating these consonants, <span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ン</span></span> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">n</i></span>)</span>, <span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ム</span></span> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">mu</i></span>)</span>, <span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ル</span></span> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">ru</i></span>)</span>, <span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ウ</span></span> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">u</i></span>)</span>, and <span style="font-weight: normal"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">イ</span></span> (<span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">i</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span> are usually used, respectively, instead of the sokuon.) In addition, it does not appear before voiced consonants (<i>g</i>, <i>z</i>, <i>d</i>, or <i>b</i>), or before <i>h</i>, except in loanwords, or distorted speech, or dialects. However, uncommon exceptions exist for stylistic reasons: For example, the Japanese name of the <a href="/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon" title="Pokémon">Pokémon</a> species <a href="/wiki/Cramorant" class="mw-redirect" title="Cramorant">Cramorant</a> is <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ウッウ</span></span>, pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/uʔu/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sokuon is also used at the end of a sentence, to indicate a <a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glottal stop</a> (IPA <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʔ]</span>, a sharp or cut-off articulation),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which may indicate angry or surprised speech. This pronunciation is also used for exceptions mentioned before (e.g., a sokuon before a vowel kana). There is no standard way of romanizing the sokuon that is at the end of a sentence. In <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> writing,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Does this mean romaji, or does it mean an English translation? (August 2014)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> this is often rendered as an <a href="/wiki/Em_dash" class="mw-redirect" title="Em dash">em dash</a>. Other conventions are to render it as <i>t</i> or as an apostrophe. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a>, the sokuon is transcribed with either a colon-like length mark or a doubled consonant: </p> <ul><li><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kite</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">来て</span></span>, "come")</span> – <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kite/</span></li> <li><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kitte</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">切手</span></span>, "postage stamp")</span> – <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kitːe/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/kitte/</span></li> <li><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">asari</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">あさり</span></span>, "clams")</span> – <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/asari/</span></li> <li><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">assari</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">あっさり</span></span>, "easily")</span> – <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/asːari/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/assari/</span></li></ul> <p>The sokuon represents a <a href="/wiki/Mora_(linguistics)" title="Mora (linguistics)">mora</a>, thus for example the word <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Nippon</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">日本</span></span>, Japan)</span> consists of only two syllables, but four morae: ni-p-po-n.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sokuon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Major Japanese dictionaries list <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">sokusei</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">促声</span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">rushed voice</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)</span>, as a synonym for sokuon<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">促音</span></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">rushed sound</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-NKD_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NKD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DJR_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DJR-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This suggests an origin in <a href="/wiki/Middle_Chinese" title="Middle Chinese">Middle Chinese</a> phonology, where <i>sokusei</i> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BF%83%E8%81%B2#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:促聲">促聲</a></span></span>), also known as <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">nisshō, nissei</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">入聲</span></span>, literally "entering voice")</span>, referred to a <a href="/wiki/Checked_tone" title="Checked tone">checked tone</a>, or a syllable that ends in an <a href="/wiki/No_audible_release" title="No audible release">unreleased plosive</a> (see <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%83%E8%81%B2" class="extiw" title="zh:促聲">促聲</a>). 促聲 contrasts with <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%88%92%E8%81%B2" class="extiw" title="wikt:舒聲">舒聲</a> (literally "leisurely voice") which is a syllable that ends in a <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">semivowel</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">nasal</a> (see <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%92%E8%81%B2" class="extiw" title="zh:舒聲">舒聲</a>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Meiji-era" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji-era">Meiji-era</a> linguist <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B3%B6%E6%AD%A3%E5%81%A5" class="extiw" title="ja:大島正健">Ōshima Masatake</a> used the terms <i>sokuon</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">plosive</a>") and <i><a href="/wiki/N_(kana)#Names" title="N (kana)">hatsuon</a></i> ("nasal") to describe ending consonants in Chinese (which he called <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Shinago</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E9%82%A3%E8%AA%9E#Japanese" class="extiw" title="wikt:支那語">支那語</a></span></span>)</span>, an outdated term used from the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a> until after World War II<sup id="cite_ref-NKD_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NKD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DJR_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DJR-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). These sounds were classified as "<a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">labial</a>"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">唇內</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">shinnai</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>, "<a href="/wiki/Coronal_consonant" title="Coronal consonant">lingual</a>"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">舌內</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">zetsunai</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span> and "<a href="/wiki/Guttural" title="Guttural">guttural</a>"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">喉內</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kōnai</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span>. <i>Sokuon</i>, in particular, were classified as follows: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[p̚]</span> is the "labial plosive"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">唇內促音</span></span>)</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̚]</span> is the "lingual plosive"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">舌內促音</span></span>)</span>, and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[k̚]</span> is the "guttural plosive"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">喉內促音</span></span>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another of Ōshima's descriptions even more explicitly related the terms <i>sokuon</i> and <i>hatsuon</i> to the <a href="/wiki/Four_tones_(Middle_Chinese)" title="Four tones (Middle Chinese)">four tones of Middle Chinese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern Japanese <i>sokuon</i> arose, in no small part, from <a href="/wiki/Assimilation_(phonology)" title="Assimilation (phonology)">consonant assimilation</a> that occurred when an <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Japanese" title="Early Middle Japanese">Early Middle Japanese</a> approximation of a Chinese <i>sokuon</i>, such as <i>pu</i> (labial), <i>t(i)</i> (lingual) or <i>ki/ku</i> (guttural), was followed by an <a href="/wiki/Obstruent" title="Obstruent">obstruent</a> (plosive or <a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">fricative</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_other_languages">Use in other languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sokuon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Use in other languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to Japanese, sokuon is used in <a href="/wiki/Okinawan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Okinawan languages">Okinawan</a> katakana orthographies to represent glottal or ejective consonants. <a href="/wiki/Ainu_language#Writing" title="Ainu language">Ainu</a> katakana uses a small <span title="Ainu (Japan)-language text"><span lang="ain">ッ</span></span> both for a final <i>t</i>-sound and to represent a sokuon (there is no ambiguity however, as gemination is <a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">allophonic</a> with syllable-final <i>t</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Computer_input">Computer input</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sokuon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Computer input"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several methods of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_input_methods" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese input methods">entering the sokuon using a computer or word-processor</a>, such as <code>xtu</code>, <code>ltu</code>, <code>ltsu</code>, etc. Some systems, such as <a href="/wiki/Kotoeri" title="Kotoeri">Kotoeri</a> for <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> and the Microsoft IME, generate a sokuon if an applicable consonant letter is typed twice; for example <code>tta</code> generates <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">った</span></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_representations">Other representations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sokuon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other representations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Braille</a>: </p><p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1262716500">.mw-parser-output .brai_img img{background:#f8f9fa!important}.mw-parser-output .brai_img_transparent img{background:transparent!important}</style><span class="brai_img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_Comma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠂ (braille pattern dots-2) U+2802"><img alt="⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Braille_Comma.svg/40px-Braille_Comma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Braille_Comma.svg/60px-Braille_Comma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Braille_Comma.svg/80px-Braille_Comma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">Computer encodings</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable template-charmap" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Character information </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center"> <th scope="row">Preview</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">っ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ッ</th> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:150%">ｯ </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061632564">.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child{height:50px}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]{height:100%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div{height:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:0 0.5em}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap tr:first-child th[colspan]>div>div>span:nth-child(2){margin:auto;padding:10px 0;font-size:150%;line-height:1}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .smallcaps-cm{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap td:first-child{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.template-charmap .template-charmap-numchr td:nth-child(n/**/+2){font-size:90%;padding:2px}</style>Unicode name </th> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL TU </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">KATAKANA LETTER SMALL TU </td> <td colspan="2" class="smallcaps-cm">HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL TU </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Encodings</th> <th>decimal</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex</th> <th>dec</th> <th>hex </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></td> <td>12387</td> <td>U+3063</td> <td>12483</td> <td>U+30C3</td> <td>65391</td> <td>U+FF6F </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></td> <td>227 129 163</td> <td>E3 81 A3</td> <td>227 131 131</td> <td>E3 83 83</td> <td>239 189 175</td> <td>EF BD AF </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a></td> <td>164 195</td> <td>A4 C3</td> <td>165 195</td> <td>A5 C3</td> <td>132 49 151 49</td> <td>84 31 97 31 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">Numeric character reference</a></td> <td>&#12387;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x3063;<wbr /></td> <td>&#12483;<wbr /></td> <td>&#x30C3;<wbr /></td> <td>&#65391;<wbr /></td> <td>&#xFF6F;<wbr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a><sup id="cite_ref-shift_jis-utc_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shift_jis-utc-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>130 193</td> <td>82 C1</td> <td>131 98</td> <td>83 62</td> <td>175</td> <td>AF </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/EUC-JP" class="mw-redirect" title="EUC-JP">EUC-JP</a><sup id="cite_ref-euc-jp-2007_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euc-jp-2007-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>164 195</td> <td>A4 C3</td> <td>165 195</td> <td>A5 C3</td> <td>142 175</td> <td>8E AF </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/EUC-KR" class="mw-redirect" title="EUC-KR">EUC-KR</a><sup id="cite_ref-euc-kr-ibm970_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euc-kr-ibm970-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> / <a href="/wiki/Unified_Hangul_Code" title="Unified Hangul Code">UHC</a><sup id="cite_ref-uhc-ms949_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uhc-ms949-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>170 195</td> <td>AA C3</td> <td>171 195</td> <td>AB C3</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Big5" title="Big5">Big5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Big5#Kana_and_Cyrillic" title="Big5">non-ETEN kana</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-big5noneten-utc_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-big5noneten-utc-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>198 199</td> <td>C6 C7</td> <td>199 91</td> <td>C7 5B</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Big5" title="Big5">Big5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Big5#ETEN_extensions" title="Big5">ETEN</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Supplementary_Character_Set" title="Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set">HKSCS</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-big5hkscs-html5_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-big5hkscs-html5-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>199 74</td> <td>C7 4A</td> <td>199 191</td> <td>C7 BF</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sokuon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_phonology" title="Japanese phonology">Japanese phonology</a> gives a detailed description of the sound system of Japanese.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemination" title="Gemination">Gemination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Donpu" title="Chōonpu">Chōonpu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sokuon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kawahara2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kawahara2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kawahara2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKawahara" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shigeto_Kawahara" title="Shigeto Kawahara">Kawahara, Shigeto</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151123195724/http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~phonetic/pdf/sokuon.pdf">"The phonetics of obstruent geminates, <i>sokuon</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Rutgers University</i>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145942">145942</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~phonetic/pdf/sokuon.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2015-11-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rutgers+University&rft.atitle=The+phonetics+of+obstruent+geminates%2C+sokuon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145942%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kawahara&rft.aufirst=Shigeto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rci.rutgers.edu%2F~phonetic%2Fpdf%2Fsokuon.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASokuon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The pronunciation is verifiable here: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzEqIbJFD0Y&t=23m48s">Nintendo Direct (September 5, 2019; 23 min 48 s)</a>. Retrieved 2019-09-05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/small-tsu.html">"What is that small tsu at the end of a sentence?"</a>. sljfaq.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+that+small+tsu+at+the+end+of+a+sentence%3F&rft.pub=sljfaq.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sljfaq.org%2Fafaq%2Fsmall-tsu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASokuon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNick_Miller,_Anja_Lowit2014" class="citation book cs1">Nick Miller, Anja Lowit (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Apo3BAAAQBAJ"><i>Motor Speech Disorders: A Cross-Language Perspective</i></a>. Multilingual Matters. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78309-232-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78309-232-1"><bdi>978-1-78309-232-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Motor+Speech+Disorders%3A+A+Cross-Language+Perspective&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Multilingual+Matters&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78309-232-1&rft.au=Nick+Miller%2C+Anja+Lowit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DApo3BAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASokuon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NKD-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NKD_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NKD_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Kokugo_Daijiten" title="Nihon Kokugo Daijiten">Nihon Kokugo Daijiten</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DJR-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DJR_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DJR_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Daijirin" title="Daijirin">Daijirin</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Daijisen" title="Daijisen">Daijisen</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŌshima1897" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ōshima, Masatake (July 1897). "撥音と促音". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/992984/1/29"><i>音韻漫錄</i></a> (in Japanese). pp. <span class="nowrap">45–</span>47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E6%92%A5%E9%9F%B3%E3%81%A8%E4%BF%83%E9%9F%B3&rft.btitle=%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BB%E6%BC%AB%E9%8C%84&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E45-%3C%2Fspan%3E47&rft.date=1897-07&rft.aulast=%C5%8Cshima&rft.aufirst=Masatake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdl.ndl.go.jp%2Fpid%2F992984%2F1%2F29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASokuon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŌshima1899" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ōshima, Masatake (5 February 1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HU9DAQAAIAAJ">"古今入聲の比較"</a>. <i>東京獨立雜誌</i> (in Japanese) (21): 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C&rft.atitle=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%85%A5%E8%81%B2%E3%81%AE%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1899-02-05&rft.aulast=%C5%8Cshima&rft.aufirst=Masatake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHU9DAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASokuon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrellesvig2010" class="citation book cs1">Frellesvig, Bjarke (2010). "Part II: Early Middle Japanese". <i>A History of the Japanese Language</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+II%3A+Early+Middle+Japanese&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Japanese+Language&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Frellesvig&rft.aufirst=Bjarke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASokuon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shift_jis-utc-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shift_jis-utc_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnicode_Consortium2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a> (2015-12-02) [1994-03-08]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/OBSOLETE/EASTASIA/JIS/SHIFTJIS.TXT">"Shift-JIS to Unicode"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shift-JIS+to+Unicode&rft.date=2015-12-02&rft.au=Unicode+Consortium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FPublic%2FMAPPINGS%2FOBSOLETE%2FEASTASIA%2FJIS%2FSHIFTJIS.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASokuon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-euc-jp-2007-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-euc-jp-2007_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnicode_ConsortiumIBM" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>; <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicode-org/icu/master/icu4c/source/data/mappings/euc-jp-2007.ucm">"EUC-JP-2007"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Components+for+Unicode&rft.atitle=EUC-JP-2007&rft.au=Unicode+Consortium&rft.au=IBM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Funicode-org%2Ficu%2Fmaster%2Ficu4c%2Fsource%2Fdata%2Fmappings%2Feuc-jp-2007.ucm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASokuon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-euc-kr-ibm970-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-euc-kr-ibm970_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnicode_ConsortiumIBM" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>; <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicode-org/icu/master/icu4c/source/data/mappings/ibm-970_P110_P110-2006_U2.ucm">"IBM-970"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Components+for+Unicode&rft.atitle=IBM-970&rft.au=Unicode+Consortium&rft.au=IBM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Funicode-org%2Ficu%2Fmaster%2Ficu4c%2Fsource%2Fdata%2Fmappings%2Fibm-970_P110_P110-2006_U2.ucm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASokuon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uhc-ms949-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uhc-ms949_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteele2000" class="citation web cs1">Steele, Shawn (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WINDOWS/CP949.TXT">"cp949 to Unicode table"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=cp949+to+Unicode+table&rft.pub=Microsoft+%2F+Unicode+Consortium&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Steele&rft.aufirst=Shawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FPublic%2FMAPPINGS%2FVENDORS%2FMICSFT%2FWINDOWS%2FCP949.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASokuon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-big5noneten-utc-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-big5noneten-utc_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnicode_Consortium2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a> (2015-12-02) [1994-02-11]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/OBSOLETE/EASTASIA/OTHER/BIG5.TXT">"BIG5 to Unicode table (complete)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BIG5+to+Unicode+table+%28complete%29&rft.date=2015-12-02&rft.au=Unicode+Consortium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FPublic%2FMAPPINGS%2FOBSOLETE%2FEASTASIA%2FOTHER%2FBIG5.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASokuon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-big5hkscs-html5-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-big5hkscs-html5_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Kesteren" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anne_van_Kesteren" title="Anne van Kesteren">van Kesteren, Anne</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/big5.html">"big5"</a>. <i>Encoding Standard</i>. <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encoding+Standard&rft.atitle=big5&rft.aulast=van+Kesteren&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencoding.spec.whatwg.org%2Fbig5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASokuon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFujihiko_Kaneda,_Rika_Samidori1989" class="citation book cs1">Fujihiko Kaneda, Rika Samidori (1989). <i>Easy hiragana: first steps to reading and writing basic Japanese</i>. Passport Books. pp. 74−78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Easy+hiragana%3A+first+steps+to+reading+and+writing+basic+Japanese&rft.pages=74%E2%88%9278&rft.pub=Passport+Books&rft.date=1989&rft.au=Fujihiko+Kaneda%2C+Rika+Samidori&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASokuon" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sokuon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BF%83%E9%9F%B3" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:促音">促音</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%A3" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:っ">っ</a></b></i>, or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%83%83" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ッ">ッ</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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