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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_achievements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Literary achievements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_achievements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_romantic_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_romantic_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>New romantic interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_romantic_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_fulfilment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_fulfilment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Political fulfilment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_fulfilment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retreat_at_Mircești" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retreat_at_Mircești"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Retreat at Mircești</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retreat_at_Mircești-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vasile Alecsandri</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="فاسيلي أليكساندري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فاسيلي أليكساندري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasili_Aleksandri" title="Vasili Aleksandri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vasili Aleksandri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Василе Александри – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Василе Александри" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vasile Alecsandri" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vasile Alecsandri" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vasile Alecsandri" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B5_%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF" title="Βασίλε Αλεξαντρί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βασίλε Αλεξαντρί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vasile Alecsandri" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vasile Alecsandri" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vasile Alecsandri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="واسیله آلکساندری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واسیله آلکساندری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vasile Alecsandri" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A5_%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%AB" title="Վասիլե Ալեքսանդրի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վասիլե Ալեքսանդրի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vasile Alecsandri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vasile Alecsandri" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99" title="וסילה אלכסנדרי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וסילה אלכסנדרי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF" title="ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂದ್ರಿ ವ್ಯಸಿಲಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂದ್ರಿ ವ್ಯಸಿಲಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vasile Alecsandri" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Aleksandri" title="Vasile Aleksandri – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vasile Aleksandri" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vasile Alecsandri" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA" title="ヴァシレ・アレクサンドリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァシレ・アレクサンドリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Vasile Alecsandri" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vasile Alecsandri" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vasile Alecsandri" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Александри, Василе – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Александри, Василе" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vasile Alecsandri" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vasile Alecsandri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vasile Alecsandri" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri" title="Vasile Alecsandri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vasile Alecsandri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%96" title="Васіле Александрі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Васіле Александрі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Romanian poet, dramatist, politician and diplomat (1821–1890)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Vasile Alecsandri (disambiguation)">Vasile Alecsandri (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Vasile Alecsandri</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nestor_Heck_-_Vasile_Alecsandri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Nestor_Heck_-_Vasile_Alecsandri.jpg/220px-Nestor_Heck_-_Vasile_Alecsandri.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Nestor_Heck_-_Vasile_Alecsandri.jpg/330px-Nestor_Heck_-_Vasile_Alecsandri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Nestor_Heck_-_Vasile_Alecsandri.jpg/440px-Nestor_Heck_-_Vasile_Alecsandri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">21 July 1821<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Bac%C4%83u" title="Bacău">Bacău</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Moldavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Moldavia">Principality of Moldavia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">22 August 1890<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend dday deathdate">1890-08-23</span>)</span> (aged 69)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Mirce%C8%99ti" title="Mircești">Mircești</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">Poet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Playwright" title="Playwright">playwright</a>, politician, and <a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">diplomat</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alecsandri_signature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Alecsandri_signature.png/150px-Alecsandri_signature.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Alecsandri_signature.png/225px-Alecsandri_signature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Alecsandri_signature.png 2x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="111" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vasile Alecsandri</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Romanian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ro-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">[vaˈsile<span class="wrap"> </span>aleksanˈdri]</a></span>; 21 July 1821 – 22 August 1890) was a <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanian</a> patriot,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> poet, dramatist, politician and diplomat.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was one of the key figures during the 1848 revolutions in <a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Moldavian Revolution of 1848">Moldavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wallachian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Wallachian Revolution of 1848">Wallachia</a>. He fought for the unification of the <a href="/wiki/Danubian_Principalities" title="Danubian Principalities">Romanian Principalities</a>, writing "<a href="/wiki/Hora_Unirii" title="Hora Unirii">Hora Unirii</a>" in 1856 and giving up his candidacy for the title of <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Moldavia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Moldavia">prince of Moldavia</a>, in favor of <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza">Alexandru Ioan Cuza</a>. He became the first minister of foreign affairs of <a href="/wiki/United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia">Romania</a> and was one of the founding members of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Romanian Academy</a>. Alecsandri was a prolific writer, contributing to Romanian literature with poetry, prose, several plays, and collections of Romanian folklore, being considered, alongside <a href="/wiki/Mihai_Eminescu" title="Mihai Eminescu">Mihai Eminescu</a>, which admired and was inspired by the writings of Alecsandri, as one of the most important Romanian writers in the second half of the 19th century. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Alecsandri&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_and_childhood">Origins and childhood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Alecsandri&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins and childhood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alecsandri was born in the <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavian</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Bac%C4%83u" title="Bacău">Bacău</a> and he was of <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> origin. His parents were Vasile Alecsandri, a middle-ranking <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the noble <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> family of Alecsandri,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Elena Cozoni, a <a href="/wiki/Romanianization" title="Romanianization">Romanianized</a> <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> woman.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had seven children, of which three survived: one daughter, Catinca, and two sons, Iancu — a future army <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">colonel</a> – and Vasile. </p><p>The family prospered in the lucrative business of <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cereals" class="mw-redirect" title="Cereals">cereals</a> <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trade</a>. In 1828, they purchased a large estate in <a href="/wiki/Mirce%C8%99ti" title="Mircești">Mircești</a>, a village near <a href="/wiki/Siret_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Siret River">Siret River</a>. The young Vasile spent time there studying with a devout <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monk</a> from <a href="/wiki/Maramure%C8%99" title="Maramureș">Maramureș</a>, Gherman Vida, and playing with Vasile Porojan, a <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Gypsy</a> boy who became a dear friend. Both characters would later appear in his work. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vasile_Alecsandri_2014_Romanian_stamp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Vasile_Alecsandri_2014_Romanian_stamp.jpg/250px-Vasile_Alecsandri_2014_Romanian_stamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Vasile_Alecsandri_2014_Romanian_stamp.jpg/330px-Vasile_Alecsandri_2014_Romanian_stamp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Vasile_Alecsandri_2014_Romanian_stamp.jpg/500px-Vasile_Alecsandri_2014_Romanian_stamp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="1001" /></a><figcaption>Vasile Alecsandri on a 2014 Romanian stamp</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adolescence_and_youth">Adolescence and youth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Alecsandri&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Adolescence and youth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 1828 and 1834, he studied at the Victor Cuenim "pensionnat", an elite boarding school for boys in <a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i" title="Iași">Iași</a>. He moved to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> in 1834, where he dabbled in <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a>, but soon abandoned all in favor of what he called his "lifelong passion", <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a>. He penned his first literary essays in 1838 in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, which he had mastered to perfection during his stay in Paris. After a brief return home, he left for <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a> again, visiting <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, and southern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romantic_interest">Romantic interest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Alecsandri&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Romantic interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A year later, Alecsandri attended a party celebrating the name day of Costache Negri, a family friend. He there fell in love with Negri's sister. The 21-year-old and not long divorced Elena Negri responded enthusiastically to the 24-year-old youngster's love declarations. Alecsandri began writing love poems until a sudden illness forced Elena to head abroad to <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>. He met her there, where they shared two torrid months. </p><p>They cruised to <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, and to Alecsandri's former romping grounds, France. Elena's chest illness aggravated in Paris, and after a brief stint in Italy, they both boarded a French ship to return home 25 April 1847. Tragedy struck on the ship, when Elena died in her lover's arms. Alecsandri channeled his mourning into a poem, "Steluța" (<i>Little Star</i>). Later, he dedicated his "Lăcrimioare" (<i>Little Tears</i>) collection of poems to her. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Midlife">Midlife</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Alecsandri&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Midlife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_involvement">Political involvement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Alecsandri&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Political involvement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1848, he became one of the leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Moldavian Revolution of 1848">revolutionary movement based in Iași</a>. He wrote a widely read poem urging the public to join the cause, "Către Români" (<i>To Romanians</i>), later renamed "Deșteptarea României" (<i>Romania's Awakening</i>). Together with Mihail Kogălniceanu and Costache Negri, he wrote a manifesto of the revolutionary movement in Moldavia, "Dorințele partidei naționale din Moldova" (<i>Wishes of the National Party of Moldavia</i>). </p><p>However, as revolution failed, he fled Moldavia through <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a> and Austria, moving on to Paris, where he continued to write political poems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literary_achievements">Literary achievements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Alecsandri&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Literary achievements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alecsandri_and_Ghica_in_Istanbul,_1855.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Alecsandri_and_Ghica_in_Istanbul%2C_1855.jpeg/250px-Alecsandri_and_Ghica_in_Istanbul%2C_1855.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Alecsandri_and_Ghica_in_Istanbul%2C_1855.jpeg/330px-Alecsandri_and_Ghica_in_Istanbul%2C_1855.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Alecsandri_and_Ghica_in_Istanbul%2C_1855.jpeg/500px-Alecsandri_and_Ghica_in_Istanbul%2C_1855.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica">Ion Ghica</a> (seated) and Vasile Alecsandri, photographed in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> (1855)</figcaption></figure> <p>After two years, he returned to a triumphant staging of his new comedy, "Chirița în Iași". He toured the Moldavian countryside, collecting, reworking, and arranging a vast array of Romanian folklore, which he published in two installments, in 1852 and 1853. The poems included in these two enormously popular collections became the cornerstone of the emerging Romanian identity, especially the ballads "<a href="/wiki/Miori%C8%9Ba" title="Miorița">Miorița</a>", "Toma Alimoș", "Mânăstirea Argeșului", and "Novac și Corbul." His volume of original poetry, "Doine și Lăcrămioare", further cemented his reputation. </p><p>Broadly revered in Romanian cultural circles, he oversaw the establishment of "<a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia_Literar%C4%83" title="România Literară">România Literară</a>", to which writers from both Moldavia and Wallachia contributed. He was one of the most vocal unionists, supporting the union the two Romanian provinces, Moldavia and Wallachia. In 1856, he published in Mihail Kogălniceanu's newspaper, Steaua Dunării, the poem "<a href="/wiki/Hora_Unirii" title="Hora Unirii">Hora Unirii</a>", which became the anthem of the unification movement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_romantic_interest">New romantic interest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Alecsandri&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: New romantic interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The end of 1855 saw Alecsandri pursuing a new romantic interest, in spite of promises made to Elena Negri on her deathbed. At age 35, the now renowned poet and public figure fell in love with the young Paulina Lucasievici, the daughter of an innkeeper. The romance moved at a lightning pace: they moved in together to Alecsandri's estate at Mircești and, in 1857, their daughter Maria was born. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_fulfilment">Political fulfilment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Alecsandri&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Political fulfilment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alecsandri found satisfaction in the advancement of those political causes he had long championed. The two Romanian provinces united and he was appointed minister of External Affairs by <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza" title="Alexandru Ioan Cuza">Alexandru Ioan Cuza</a>. He toured the West, pleading to some of his friends and acquaintances in Paris to acknowledge the newly formed nation and support its emergence in the turbulent <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan</a> area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaster1911538_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaster1911538-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retreat_at_Mircești"><span id="Retreat_at_Mirce.C8.99ti"></span>Retreat at Mircești</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Alecsandri&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Retreat at Mircești"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The diplomatic tours tired him. In 1860, he settled in Mircești for what would be the rest of his life. He married Paulina more than a decade and a half later, in 1876. </p><p>Between 1862 and 1875, Alecsandri wrote 40 lyrical poems, including "Miezul Iernii, "Serile la Mircești, "Iarna," "La Gura Sobei", "Oaspeții Primăverii", and "Malul Siretului." He also dabbled in epic poems, collected in the volume "Legende", and he dedicated a series of poems to the soldiers who participated in the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_War_of_Independence" title="Romanian War of Independence">Romanian War of Independence</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He also wrote the lyrics of <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98tefan_Nosievici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ștefan Nosievici (page does not exist)">Ștefan Nosievici</a>'s <a href="/wiki/March_(music)" title="March (music)">march</a> "<a href="/wiki/Drum_bun" title="Drum bun">Drum bun</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFilimon202038_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFilimon202038-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1879, his "Despot-Vodă" drama received the award of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Romanian Academy</a>. He continued to be a prolific writer, finishing a fantastic comedy, "Sânziana și Pepelea," (1881) and two dramas, "Fântâna Blanduziei" (1883) and "Ovidiu" (1884). </p><p>In 1881, he wrote <a href="/wiki/Tr%C4%83iasc%C4%83_Regele" title="Trăiască Regele">Trăiască Regele</a> (<i>Long Live the King</i>), which became the national anthem of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a> from 1884 until the abolition of the monarchy in 1947. </p><p>Alecsandri was also a member of the <a href="/wiki/Macedo-Romanian_Cultural_Society" title="Macedo-Romanian Cultural Society">Macedo-Romanian Cultural Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Long suffering from <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>, Alecsandri died in 1890 at his estate in Mircești.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaster1911538_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaster1911538-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Alecsandri&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alecsandri had an important political career. He was one of the supporters of slave emancipation. He was <a href="/wiki/Antisemitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitic">antisemitic</a>,{{<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>}} although, according to some Romanian historians (including <a href="/wiki/Neagu_Djuvara" title="Neagu Djuvara">Neagu Djuvara</a>), he had distant Jewish roots.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>The appearance of the literary stereotype of the "Polish Jew," or Ostjude, in Romanian literature was largely due to Vasile Alecsandri, the most important and most popular writer of the time. The Jew was depicted with sidecurls, and caftan, he used characteristic jargon and was portrayed as having "typical" personality traits — he was an unscrupulous cheat, a profit–hungry usurer, an exploiter and "poisoner" of the peasant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVolovici199110_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolovici199110-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Alecsandri&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>G. C. Nicolescu, "Viața lui Vasile Alecsandri" Bucharest, 1975</li> <li>Alecsandri, Vasile. Poesii Populare ale Romanilor. 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-gutenberg.org/36222_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gutenberg.org/36222-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Alecsandri, Vasile. Les Doïnas. Poésies Moldaves. 1855.<sup id="cite_ref-gutenberg.org/36222_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gutenberg.org/36222-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Alecsandri, Vasile. <i>Strigoiul</i> (The Vampire) (1897)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-isfdb/3168476_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isfdb/3168476-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GALE%7CA418846239_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GALE%257CA418846239-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Alecsandri&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gorjeanul.ro/vasile-alecsandri-200-vasile-alecsandri-un-exemplu-de-mare-patriot/">"VASILE ALECSANDRI – 200 – Vasile Alecsandri, un exemplu de mare patriot | Ştiri locale de ultima ora, stiri video - Ştiri Gorjeanul.ro"</a>. 22 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VASILE+ALECSANDRI+%E2%80%93+200+%E2%80%93+Vasile+Alecsandri%2C+un+exemplu+de+mare+patriot+%26%23124%3B+%C5%9Etiri+locale+de+ultima+ora%2C+stiri+video+-+%C5%9Etiri+Gorjeanul.ro&rft.date=2021-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgorjeanul.ro%2Fvasile-alecsandri-200-vasile-alecsandri-un-exemplu-de-mare-patriot%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVasile+Alecsandri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bucpress.eu/pagina-de-istorie-la-21-iulie-1821-s-a-nascut-marele-scriitor-si-patriot-roman-vasile-alecsandri/">"Pagina de istorie: La 21 iulie 1821 s-a născut marele scriitor și patriot român Vasile Alecsandri"</a>. 21 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pagina+de+istorie%3A+La+21+iulie+1821+s-a+n%C4%83scut+marele+scriitor+%C8%99i+patriot+rom%C3%A2n+Vasile+Alecsandri&rft.date=2022-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbucpress.eu%2Fpagina-de-istorie-la-21-iulie-1821-s-a-nascut-marele-scriitor-si-patriot-roman-vasile-alecsandri%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVasile+Alecsandri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://limbaromana.md/index.php?go=articole&n=2222">"Poet al întregii romanităţi - LimbaRomana"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poet+al+%C3%AEntregii+romanit%C4%83%C5%A3i+-+LimbaRomana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flimbaromana.md%2Findex.php%3Fgo%3Darticole%26n%3D2222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVasile+Alecsandri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZantedeschi2022" class="citation journal cs1">Zantedeschi, Francesca (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnana.12843">"Cântecul Gintei Latine : Vasile Alecsandri, "race" connections and the Latinity of the Romanians (1850s–1870s)"</a>. <i>Nations and Nationalism</i>. <b>28</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">909–</span>923. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnana.12843">10.1111/nana.12843</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1354-5078">1354-5078</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248439574">248439574</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nations+and+Nationalism&rft.atitle=C%C3%A2ntecul+Gintei+Latine+%3A+Vasile+Alecsandri%2C+%22race%22+connections+and+the+Latinity+of+the+Romanians+%281850s%E2%80%931870s%29&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E909-%3C%2Fspan%3E923&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A248439574%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1354-5078&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fnana.12843&rft.aulast=Zantedeschi&rft.aufirst=Francesca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fnana.12843&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVasile+Alecsandri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurray2013" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Christopher John (2013). <i>Encyclopedia of the Romantic Era, 1760–1850</i>. 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Figuri feminine (I)"</a>. <i>Anuarul Muzeului Naţional al Literaturii Române laşi</i> (in Romanian). <b>XIV</b> (XIV): <span class="nowrap">47–</span>57. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2066-7469">2066-7469</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anuarul+Muzeului+Na%C5%A3ional+al+Literaturii+Rom%C3%A2ne+la%C5%9Fi&rft.atitle=Familia+Alecsandri.+Figuri+feminine+%28I%29&rft.volume=XIV&rft.issue=XIV&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E47-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.date=2021&rft.issn=2066-7469&rft.aulast=Pruteanu-Is%C4%83cescu&rft.aufirst=Iulian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Fsearch%2Farticle-detail%3Fid%3D1022178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVasile+Alecsandri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGaster1911538-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaster1911538_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGaster1911538_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGaster1911">Gaster 1911</a>, p. 538.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFilimon202038-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFilimon202038_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFilimon2020">Filimon 2020</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCândroveanu1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Hristu_C%C3%A2ndroveanu" title="Hristu Cândroveanu">Cândroveanu, Hristu</a> (1985). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kira_Mantsu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kira Mantsu (page does not exist)">Iorgoveanu, Kira</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dinitrandu.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Un-veac-de-poezie-aromana.pdf"><i>Un veac de poezie aromână</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Romanian). <a href="/wiki/Cartea_Rom%C3%A2neasc%C4%83" title="Cartea Românească">Cartea Românească</a>. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Un+veac+de+poezie+arom%C3%A2n%C4%83&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Cartea+Rom%C3%A2neasc%C4%83&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=C%C3%A2ndroveanu&rft.aufirst=Hristu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdinitrandu.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F11%2FUn-veac-de-poezie-aromana.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVasile+Alecsandri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carol Iancu, Evreii din România, 1866-1919: De la excludere la emancipare (Bucharest: Hasefer, 1996)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ziuaveche.ro/cultura-religie/cultura/evreii-au-amprente-bogate-in-existenta-romaniei-150072.html/">"Evreii au amprente bogate în existenţa României"</a>. <i>Ziuaveche.ro</i>. 17 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ziuaveche.ro&rft.atitle=Evreii+au+amprente+bogate+%C3%AEn+existen%C5%A3a+Rom%C3%A2niei&rft.date=2013-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ziuaveche.ro%2Fcultura-religie%2Fcultura%2Fevreii-au-amprente-bogate-in-existenta-romaniei-150072.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVasile+Alecsandri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515140647/https://www.agerpres.ro/social/2013/02/17/aurel-vainer-evreii-au-amprente-bogate-in-existenta-romaniei-12-40-52">"Aurel Vainer: Evreii au amprente bogate în existenţa României"</a>. <i>Agerpres.ro</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agerpres.ro&rft.atitle=Aurel+Vainer%3A+Evreii+au+amprente+bogate+%C3%AEn+existen%C5%A3a+Rom%C3%A2niei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agerpres.ro%2Fsocial%2F2013%2F02%2F17%2Faurel-vainer-evreii-au-amprente-bogate-in-existenta-romaniei-12-40-52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVasile+Alecsandri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishfed.ro/downloads/realitatea/RE400-401.pdf">"REALITATEA EVREIASCĂ - Nr. 400-401"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Jewishfed.ro</i>. 28 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewishfed.ro&rft.atitle=REALITATEA+EVREIASC%C4%82+-+Nr.+400-401&rft.date=2013-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishfed.ro%2Fdownloads%2Frealitatea%2FRE400-401.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVasile+Alecsandri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jpress.org.il/olive/apa/nli_heb/SharedView.Article.aspx?href=HMZ/1892/02/10&id=Ar00101">"⁨.־ עזרת סופרים. ⁩ | ⁨המליץ⁩ | 10 פברואר 1892 | אוסף העיתונות | הספרייה הלאומית"</a>. <i>Jpress.org.il</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jpress.org.il&rft.atitle=%E2%81%A8.%D6%BE+%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%AA+%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D.+%E2%81%A9+%26%23124%3B+%E2%81%A8%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A5%E2%81%A9+%26%23124%3B+10+%D7%A4%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8+1892+%26%23124%3B+%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A3+%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA+%26%23124%3B+%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94+%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjpress.org.il%2Folive%2Fapa%2Fnli_heb%2FSharedView.Article.aspx%3Fhref%3DHMZ%2F1892%2F02%2F10%26id%3DAr00101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVasile+Alecsandri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVolovici199110-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVolovici199110_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVolovici1991">Volovici 1991</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gutenberg.org/36222-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gutenberg.org/36222_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gutenberg.org/36222_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartinengo-Cesaresco2011" class="citation book cs1">Martinengo-Cesaresco, Evelyn Lilian Hazeldine Carrington (26 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/36222"><i>Essays in the Study of Folk-Songs (1886)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Gutenberg.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Gutenberg.org">gutenberg.org</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essays+in+the+Study+of+Folk-Songs+%281886%29&rft.pub=gutenberg.org&rft.date=2011-05-26&rft.aulast=Martinengo-Cesaresco&rft.aufirst=Evelyn+Lilian+Hazeldine+Carrington&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F36222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVasile+Alecsandri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikisource.org/wiki/Strigoiul_(Vasile_Alecsandri)">"Strigoiul (Vasile Alecsandri)"</a>. <i>ro.<a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">wikisource</a>.org</i> (in Romanian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ro.wikisource.org&rft.atitle=Strigoiul+%28Vasile+Alecsandri%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FStrigoiul_%28Vasile_Alecsandri%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVasile+Alecsandri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isfdb/3168476-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isfdb/3168476_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlecsandri1886" class="citation web cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alecsandri, Vasile</a> (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?3168476">"Strigoiul"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Isfdb.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Isfdb.org">isfdb.org</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=isfdb.org&rft.atitle=Strigoiul&rft.date=1886&rft.aulast=Alecsandri&rft.aufirst=Vasile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isfdb.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Ftitle.cgi%3F3168476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVasile+Alecsandri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GALE%7CA418846239-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GALE%257CA418846239_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTudor2015" class="citation journal cs1">Tudor, Lucia-Alexandra (22 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA418846239">"Children of the night"</a>. <i>Romanian Journal of Artistic Creativity</i>. <b>3</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">60–</span>104<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Romanian+Journal+of+Artistic+Creativity&rft.atitle=Children+of+the+night&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E60-%3C%2Fspan%3E104&rft.date=2015-03-22&rft.aulast=Tudor&rft.aufirst=Lucia-Alexandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.gale.com%2Fps%2Fanonymous%3Fid%3DGALE%257CA418846239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVasile+Alecsandri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Alecsandri&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/13687/Vasile-Alecsandri">"Vasile Alecsandri"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. 21 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vasile+Alecsandri&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2012-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobal.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F13687%2FVasile-Alecsandri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVasile+Alecsandri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFilimon2020" class="citation journal cs1">Filimon, Rosina Caterina (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340008900">"Ciprian Porumbescu, creator and protagonist of the Romanian operetta"</a>. <i>Artes. Journal of Musicology</i>. <b>21</b>: <span class="nowrap">36–</span>55. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2478%2Fajm-2020-0003">10.2478/ajm-2020-0003</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Artes.+Journal+of+Musicology&rft.atitle=Ciprian+Porumbescu%2C+creator+and+protagonist+of+the+Romanian+operetta&rft.volume=21&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E36-%3C%2Fspan%3E55&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2478%2Fajm-2020-0003&rft.aulast=Filimon&rft.aufirst=Rosina+Caterina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F340008900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVasile+Alecsandri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurray2004" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Christopher John (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofro002unse_v8y9"><i>Encyclopedia of the Romantic Era, 1760–1850</i></a></span>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57958-423-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-57958-423-3"><bdi>1-57958-423-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Romantic+Era%2C+1760%E2%80%931850&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-57958-423-3&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Christopher+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofro002unse_v8y9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVasile+Alecsandri" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVolovici1991" class="citation book cs1">Volovici, Leon (1991). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nationalistideol00volo"><i>Nationalist Ideology and Antisemitism: The Case of Romanian Intellectuals in the 1930s</i></a></span>. Pergamon Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nationalistideol00volo/page/n18">8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-08_041024-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-08 041024-3"><bdi>0-08 041024-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nationalist+Ideology+and+Antisemitism%3A+The+Case+of+Romanian+Intellectuals+in+the+1930s&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-08041024-3&rft.aulast=Volovici&rft.aufirst=Leon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnationalistideol00volo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVasile+Alecsandri" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><b>Attribution:</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGaster1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Moses_Gaster" title="Moses Gaster">Gaster, Moses</a> (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Alecsandri,_Vasile" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Alecsandri, Vasile">Alecsandri, Vasile</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">538–</span>539.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Alecsandri%2C+Vasile&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E538-%3C%2Fspan%3E539&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Gaster&rft.aufirst=Moses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVasile+Alecsandri" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Alecsandri&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vasile_Alecsandri" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vasile Alecsandri">Vasile Alecsandri</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/120px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Romanian <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div lang="ro" style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/ro:Autor:Vasile_Alecsandri" class="extiw" title="s:ro:Autor:Vasile Alecsandri">Vasile Alecsandri (original works in Romanian)</a></b> </div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Alecsandri%2C%20Vasile%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Vasile%20Alecsandri%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Alecsandri%2C%20Vasile%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Vasile%20Alecsandri%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Alecsandri%2C%20V%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Vasile%20Alecsandri%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Alecsandri%2C%20Vasile%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Vasile%20Alecsandri%22%29%20OR%20%28%221821-1890%22%20AND%20Alecsandri%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Vasile Alecsandri</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/454">Works by Vasile Alecsandri</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBGCoZQ6XPY">Vasile Aleksandri. Winter. 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352004#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3394" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352004#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3394" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352004#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121230575">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/19716938">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/11290/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqqtVrKqBhH7yJ7fw74MP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118644548">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50033480">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121593657">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121593657">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Alecsandri, Vasile"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/SBLV129376">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000600107&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1180698">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/24380">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068846134">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90345801">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000176463&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=168444">Greece</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=85151">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810600603605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/21816">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007270697405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13948823">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA13506148?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/2685e59f-b3a9-4f55-a75f-7e7520758bad">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_118644548">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118644548.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118644548">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030112494">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6rf8zwd">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/40220248">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Alecsandri&oldid=1277141709">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vasile_Alecsandri&oldid=1277141709</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1821_births" 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