CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Keyboard amplifier - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"23c56513-cf04-4e57-b3d1-d29ecef0f576","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Keyboard_amplifier","wgTitle":"Keyboard amplifier","wgCurRevisionId":1256582482,"wgRevisionId":1256582482,"wgArticleId":39457154,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Use mdy dates from September 2021","Articles needing additional references from May 2013","All articles needing additional references","Articles with hAudio microformats","Instrument amplifiers","Keyboard instruments"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Keyboard_amplifier","wgRelevantArticleId":39457154,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[], "wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q17093031","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin", "mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Amplifier1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1080"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Amplifier1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="720"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="576"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Keyboard amplifier - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_amplifier"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_amplifier"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Keyboard_amplifier rootpage-Keyboard_amplifier skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Keyboard+amplifier" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Keyboard+amplifier" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Keyboard+amplifier" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Keyboard+amplifier" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Design-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Design subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_guitar_and_bass_amplifiers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_guitar_and_bass_amplifiers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Comparison with guitar and bass amplifiers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_guitar_and_bass_amplifiers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Design features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_in_performances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_performances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Use in performances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_in_performances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_PA_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_PA_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Comparison with PA systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_PA_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stereo_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stereo_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Stereo models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stereo_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_subwoofer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_subwoofer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Use of subwoofer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_subwoofer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rotating_speakers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rotating_speakers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rotating speakers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rotating_speakers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_approaches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_approaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other approaches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_approaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_brands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_brands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Selected brands</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Selected_brands-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Selected brands subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Selected_brands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Peavey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peavey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Peavey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peavey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Roland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yorkville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yorkville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Yorkville</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yorkville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Keyboard amplifier</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17093031#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_amplifier" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Keyboard_amplifier" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_amplifier"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_amplifier"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Keyboard_amplifier" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Keyboard_amplifier" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&oldid=1256582482" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Keyboard_amplifier&id=1256582482&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKeyboard_amplifier"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKeyboard_amplifier"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Keyboard_amplifier&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17093031" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Keyboard_amplifier" title="Special:EditPage/Keyboard amplifier">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Keyboard+amplifier%22">"Keyboard amplifier"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Keyboard+amplifier%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Keyboard+amplifier%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Keyboard+amplifier%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Keyboard+amplifier%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Keyboard+amplifier%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amplifier1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Amplifier1.jpg/220px-Amplifier1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Amplifier1.jpg/330px-Amplifier1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Amplifier1.jpg/440px-Amplifier1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>A small, inexpensive keyboard amplifier for personal home use</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>keyboard amplifier</b> is a powered <a href="/wiki/Instrument_amplifier" title="Instrument amplifier">electronic amplifier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Loudspeaker" title="Loudspeaker">loudspeaker</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Speaker_enclosure" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker enclosure">speaker cabinet</a> used for the amplification of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_keyboard" title="Electronic keyboard">electronic keyboard</a> instruments. Keyboard amplifiers are distinct from other types of <a href="/wiki/Instrument_amplifier" title="Instrument amplifier">amplification systems</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Guitar_amplifier" title="Guitar amplifier">guitar amplifiers</a> due to the particular challenges associated with making keyboards sound louder on stage; namely, to provide solid <a href="/wiki/Subwoofer" title="Subwoofer">low-frequency sound reproduction</a> for the deep <a href="/wiki/Bassline" title="Bassline">basslines</a> that keyboards can play <i>and</i> crisp high-frequency sound for the high-register notes. Another difference between keyboard amplifiers and guitar/bass amplifiers is that keyboard amps are usually designed with a relatively flat frequency response and low <a href="/wiki/Distortion_(music)" title="Distortion (music)">distortion</a>. In contrast, many guitar and bass amp designers purposely make their amplifiers modify the frequency response, typically to "roll-off" very high frequencies, and most rock and blues guitar amps, and since the 1980s and 1990s, even many bass amps are designed to add <a href="/wiki/Distortion_(music)" title="Distortion (music)">distortion or overdrive</a> to the instrument tone (for bass, this is called "<a href="/wiki/Fuzz_bass" title="Fuzz bass">fuzz bass</a>"). </p><p>Keyboard amplifiers differ from <a href="/wiki/Guitar_amplifier" title="Guitar amplifier">guitar amplifiers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bass_amplifier" title="Bass amplifier">bass amplifiers</a> in that whereas guitar and bass amps are usually designed for use with one guitar at a time, keyboard amplifiers almost always have a <a href="/wiki/Audio_console" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio console">mixer</a> with inputs for two, three, or four keyboards, because many performers often use multiple keyboards. For example, a single player may perform with a <a href="/wiki/Stage_piano" title="Stage piano">stage piano</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Keytar" title="Keytar">keytar</a> and a synthesizer keyboard. Each channel input typically has its own <a href="/wiki/Pre-amplifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-amplifier">pre-amplifier</a> and volume knob. Keyboard amps in the lower cost range and power output range may only provide equalization controls (for modifying the bass and treble response) for the overall mix. Higher-priced, higher power output keyboard amps designed for professionals may have equalizer controls for each channel. Keyboard amplifiers also differ from guitar amps and bass amps in that whereas many guitar and bass amplifier companies often sell standalone amplifier units (which contain a <a href="/wiki/Preamplifier" title="Preamplifier">preamplifier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Power_amplifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Power amplifier">power amplifier</a>) for use with one or more separate <a href="/wiki/Speaker_enclosure" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker enclosure">speaker enclosures</a>, keyboard amplifiers are almost always combination (or "combo") amplifiers, so-named because they combine a <a href="/wiki/Preamplifier" title="Preamplifier">preamplifier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Power_amplifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Power amplifier">power amplifier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loudspeaker" title="Loudspeaker">full-range speaker</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Horn_loudspeaker" title="Horn loudspeaker">horn-loaded tweeter</a>, all in a single wooden speaker cabinet. </p><p>Two notable exceptions to the "low distortion" rule are keyboard amplifiers designed for the <a href="/wiki/Hammond_organ" title="Hammond organ">Hammond organ</a> or <a href="/wiki/Clonewheel_organ" title="Clonewheel organ">clonewheel organs</a> and amps used with <a href="/wiki/Electric_piano" title="Electric piano">electric pianos</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Fender_Rhodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Fender Rhodes">Fender Rhodes</a>. With organs used in <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a>, performers often use the vintage <a href="/wiki/Leslie_speaker" title="Leslie speaker">Leslie speaker</a> cabinet and modern recreations, which have a <a href="/wiki/Tube_amplifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Tube amplifier">tube amplifier</a> which is often turned up to add a warm, "growling" <a href="/wiki/Overdrive_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Overdrive (music)">overdrive</a> to the organ sound. With electric pianos used in a rock or <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a> band, natural tube overdrive is often added to the sound. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_060507-N-6501M-005_Musician_3rd_Class_Justin_Cody,_keyboard_player_for_the_Navy_Showband,_performs_for_Sailors_aboard_the_Military_Sealift_Command_(MSC)_hospital_ship_USNS_Mercy_(T-AH_19).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/US_Navy_060507-N-6501M-005_Musician_3rd_Class_Justin_Cody%2C_keyboard_player_for_the_Navy_Showband%2C_performs_for_Sailors_aboard_the_Military_Sealift_Command_%28MSC%29_hospital_ship_USNS_Mercy_%28T-AH_19%29.jpg/280px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/US_Navy_060507-N-6501M-005_Musician_3rd_Class_Justin_Cody%2C_keyboard_player_for_the_Navy_Showband%2C_performs_for_Sailors_aboard_the_Military_Sealift_Command_%28MSC%29_hospital_ship_USNS_Mercy_%28T-AH_19%29.jpg/420px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/US_Navy_060507-N-6501M-005_Musician_3rd_Class_Justin_Cody%2C_keyboard_player_for_the_Navy_Showband%2C_performs_for_Sailors_aboard_the_Military_Sealift_Command_%28MSC%29_hospital_ship_USNS_Mercy_%28T-AH_19%29.jpg/560px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2258" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>A US Navy keyboardist playing his <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Corporation" title="Yamaha Corporation">Yamaha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurzweil_Music_Systems" title="Kurzweil Music Systems">Kurzweil</a> keyboards through a large <a href="/wiki/Roland_Corporation" title="Roland Corporation">Roland</a> keyboard amp.</figcaption></figure> <p>Since keyboards have a very wide range of pitches, from deep bass notes to very high treble notes, keyboard amplifiers have to provide solid low-frequency sound reproduction <i>and</i> crisp high-frequency sound reproduction. This distinction affects the design of the <a href="/wiki/Loudspeaker" title="Loudspeaker">loudspeakers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker cabinet">speaker cabinet</a> and the preamplifier and amplifier. They usually include tuned <a href="/wiki/Bass_reflex" title="Bass reflex">bass reflex</a> ports or vents for increased efficiency at low frequencies. Since keyboard amplifiers have to be able to reproduce very high notes, they are often equipped with a tweeter, which may be mounted in a horn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparison_with_guitar_and_bass_amplifiers">Comparison with guitar and bass amplifiers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Comparison with guitar and bass amplifiers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While electric <a href="/wiki/Guitar_amplifier" title="Guitar amplifier">guitar amplifiers</a> are typically designed to modify the tone of the guitar (e.g., by adding distortion and rolling off high frequencies), keyboard amplifiers intended for general use for a range of keyboard applications usually have very low distortion and extended, flat frequency response in both directions. Electric guitar amp combos and amps are usually designed to add coloration to the guitar tone or "sweeten" the tone. Keyboard amp combos are usually designed to reproduce the input signals. The exception to this rule is keyboard amplifiers designed for the Hammond organ, such as the vintage Leslie speaker cabinet and modern recreations, which have a <a href="/wiki/Tube_amplifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Tube amplifier">tube amplifier</a> which is often turned up to add a warm, "growling" <a href="/wiki/Overdrive_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Overdrive (music)">overdrive</a> to the organ sound. <a href="/wiki/Electric_piano" title="Electric piano">Electric piano</a> players in rock and funk also often seek to add natural tube overdrive to their sound. </p><p>Unlike bass amplifiers and electric guitar amplifiers, keyboard amplifiers are rarely used in the "amplifier head" and separate speaker cabinet configuration. Instead, most keyboard amplifiers are "combo" amplifiers that integrate the amplifier, tone controls, and speaker into a single wooden cabinet. Another unusual aspect of keyboard amplifiers is that they are often designed with a "wedge" shape, as used with monitor speakers. This permits them to be used as <a href="/wiki/Foldback_(sound_engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foldback (sound engineering)">monitor speakers</a> (with the amplifier in front of the seated keyboardist, aiming up at them) which is more suitable for a seated keyboardist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design_features">Design features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Design features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elektron_Monomachine,_along_with_MIDI_mini_keyboard_and_BOSS_Micro_Cube_amp_(2004-10-21_or_2003-10-22_by_j_bizzie).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Elektron_Monomachine%2C_along_with_MIDI_mini_keyboard_and_BOSS_Micro_Cube_amp_%282004-10-21_or_2003-10-22_by_j_bizzie%29.jpg/200px-Elektron_Monomachine%2C_along_with_MIDI_mini_keyboard_and_BOSS_Micro_Cube_amp_%282004-10-21_or_2003-10-22_by_j_bizzie%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Elektron_Monomachine%2C_along_with_MIDI_mini_keyboard_and_BOSS_Micro_Cube_amp_%282004-10-21_or_2003-10-22_by_j_bizzie%29.jpg/300px-Elektron_Monomachine%2C_along_with_MIDI_mini_keyboard_and_BOSS_Micro_Cube_amp_%282004-10-21_or_2003-10-22_by_j_bizzie%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Elektron_Monomachine%2C_along_with_MIDI_mini_keyboard_and_BOSS_Micro_Cube_amp_%282004-10-21_or_2003-10-22_by_j_bizzie%29.jpg/400px-Elektron_Monomachine%2C_along_with_MIDI_mini_keyboard_and_BOSS_Micro_Cube_amp_%282004-10-21_or_2003-10-22_by_j_bizzie%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>A tiny <a href="/wiki/BOSS_corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="BOSS corporation">BOSS</a> micro-cube keyboard amp is being used with a MIDI keyboard.</figcaption></figure> <p>Keyboard amplifiers often have an onboard three or four-channel mixer, so that multiple keyboards (e.g., a <a href="/wiki/Stage_piano" title="Stage piano">stage piano</a>, synthesizer, and <a href="/wiki/Clonewheel_organ" title="Clonewheel organ">clonewheel organ</a>) can be plugged into one amplifier and so that keyboardists can control the tone and level of several keyboards. In some genres, such as <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a>, for example, keyboardists may perform with several synthesizers, electric pianos, and electro-mechanical keyboards. Keyboard amplifiers often have onboard <a href="/wiki/Reverb" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverb">reverb</a> effects. </p><p>Most inexpensive to mid-priced amplifiers currently produced are based on <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor</a> (solid-state) circuits. Solid-state amplifiers vary in output power, functionality, size, price, and sound quality in a wide range, from practice amplifiers to professional models. The smallest, most inexpensive practice amplifiers may have only two channels with volume controls and one or two tone controls. Home practice amps have from 20 to 30 watts of power, often through an 8" or 10" speaker. Small keyboard amplifiers designed for small band rehearsals have 50 to 75 watts, a 12-inch speaker, and possibly a tweeter. Large keyboard amplifiers designed for shows in large clubs or halls have 200 to 300 watts of power, a 12-inch or 15-inch speaker (or two 12-inch speakers), and a horn-loaded tweeter. </p><p>Some keyboard amps may be equipped with a <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_range_compression" title="Dynamic range compression">compressor</a> or limiter to protect the speaker from damage when the amplifier is being used at high volume levels. Some keyboard amps (e.g., Yorkville's 200-watt keyboard amp and Peavey's KB-4) have an extension speaker jack, which enables the amp to be connected to a second speaker cabinet for more volume. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_in_performances">Use in performances</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Use in performances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In small venues such as a <a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">coffeehouse</a> or small bar, a keyboardist might not connect the keyboard amp up to the <a href="/wiki/PA_system" class="mw-redirect" title="PA system">PA system</a>, and just use the sound of the keyboard amp to provide the keyboard sound for the venue. At most mid-sized venues and all large venues, such as stadiums, the signal from the keyboard amp's pre-amp out jack, <a href="/wiki/DI_box" class="mw-redirect" title="DI box">DI out jack</a> and/or the microphoned sound from the speaker and horn are fed to the <a href="/wiki/Mixing_board" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixing board">mixing board</a> and then amplified with the <a href="/wiki/PA_system" class="mw-redirect" title="PA system">PA system</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sound_reinforcement_system" title="Sound reinforcement system">sound reinforcement system</a>. In cases where a keyboardist has a rotating Leslie speaker, microphones are always used to pick up the sound, rather than taking an electronic signal from the amp, because only a mic can capture the unique sound of Leslie's rotating horns and speaker drum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparison_with_PA_systems">Comparison with PA systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Comparison with PA systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 2010s, there was some convergence between the functionality of keyboard combo amplifiers and small <a href="/wiki/PA_system" class="mw-redirect" title="PA system">PA systems</a>. Some keyboard amplifiers have an <a href="/wiki/XLR_connector" title="XLR connector">XLR</a> input for a microphone and a microphone <a href="/wiki/Preamplifier" title="Preamplifier">preamplifier</a>. To use a microphone, a preamp is generally needed to boost the power of the signal because mic's only output a tiny, weak signal. This input's inclusion of a preamp means that it could also be used to plug in an acoustic guitar's <a href="/wiki/Piezoelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Piezoelectric">piezoelectric</a> pickup. This type of keyboard amplifier could be used as a PA system by a singer-songwriter who is accompanying herself or himself on guitar and keyboards in a very small venue, such as a <a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">coffeehouse</a>. </p><p>Keyboard amps with an XLR mic input, preamplifier and a multichannel mixer are in effect small combo PA systems. While small combo keyboard amps with mic inputs became widely available on the market in the 2000s (decade) and were promoted as an innovation, in fact, the first portable PA systems sold in the 1920s and 1930s were "combo" systems, in which a <a href="/wiki/Power_amplifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Power amplifier">power amplifier</a> and speaker were combined in a single wooden cabinet. <a href="/wiki/Instrument_amplifier" title="Instrument amplifier">Instrument amplifiers</a> from the 1950s and 1960s still sometimes included inputs for microphones, as few portable PA systems were available for <a href="/wiki/Garage_band" class="mw-redirect" title="Garage band">garage bands</a> during this era. By the 1970s and 1980s, though, portable PA systems were typically sold as three-piece sets: an amp-mixer containing a small <a href="/wiki/Audio_console" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio console">mixer</a> (with four to six channels) and a <a href="/wiki/Power_amplifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Power amplifier">power amplifier</a> integrated into a single amp head-style chassis with a handle, and two separate PA speakers. The speakers were typically connected to the amp-mixer with speaker cables. Providing separate speakers, enabled bands to elevate the speakers and place them at either side of the stage, which improved sound dispersion over the former approach of using instrument amplifiers to boost both instrument and vocal sounds. </p><p>There are several limitations to using a combo keyboard amp as a small PA system. First, it is hard to elevate a keyboard amp's speaker the way most PA speakers can be raised up, using PA system speaker stands with a pole onto which most small- to mid-sized PA <a href="/wiki/Speaker_enclosure" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker enclosure">speaker enclosures</a> can be mounted using their base-mounted metal socket (a hole in a metal plate). Elevating a PA speaker above the audience helps to ensure that the sound is dispersed to the whole audience; if a combo keyboard amp is used as a small PA, the keyboard amp is typically placed on the floor or raised a bit by placing it on a table. In this scenario, the sound produced by the keyboard amp would be absorbed by the first several rows of audience members, and people in the back of the venue might not be able to hear the performance. Second, most small, low-wattage keyboard amps do not produce enough volume to clearly project the lead vocals into the venue so that they are at the "front of the mix", a sound preferred in many pop genres. For example, whereas a small PA system for a coffeehouse would typically have 100 watts, a small keyboard combo amp may only be rated at 20 watts. Third, while the vast majority of small PA systems come with two speaker cabinets, most combo keyboard amps have a single speaker cabinet. With two speaker cabinets, even if both are pointing straight out at the audience, this provides better coverage of the room; moreover, the two speaker cabinets can be angled outwards a bit, increasing the arc of coverage better for wide rooms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stereo_models">Stereo models</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Stereo models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While most keyboard amplifiers produce monophonic sound, a small number of higher-priced, higher-wattage keyboard combo amps have two speakers and two horns and can produce stereophonic sound. When a stereo keyboard amp is used with a stereo <a href="/wiki/Chorus_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Chorus effect">chorus effect</a> or <a href="/wiki/Leslie_speaker" title="Leslie speaker">Leslie speaker</a> simulator pedal, this can produce a spacious, full sound. Some keyboard amp combos have a stereo link output, which can be connected to a second keyboard amp combo to provide stereo sound onstage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_of_subwoofer">Use of subwoofer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Use of subwoofer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Keyboardists who want powerful low-end may use a powered <a href="/wiki/Subwoofer" title="Subwoofer">subwoofer</a> cabinet designed for use in a <a href="/wiki/PA_system" class="mw-redirect" title="PA system">PA system</a>. Some keyboard combo amps have a "sub out" jack so that the amp can be plugged into an external powered subwoofer cabinet for extra bass. Subwoofers can only produce deep bass frequencies up to about 150 or 200 Hz, so a subwoofer cabinet must be paired with a full-range speaker to obtain the full tonal range of an electric piano or organ. Keyboard players who use subwoofers for on-stage monitoring include <a href="/wiki/Hammond_organ" title="Hammond organ">electric organ</a> players who use bass <a href="/wiki/Pedal_keyboard" title="Pedal keyboard">pedal keyboards</a> (which go down to a low "C" which is about 33 Hz) and synth bass players who play rumbling sub-bass parts that go as low as 18 Hz. Of all of the keyboard instruments that are amplified onstage, synthesizers can produce some of the lowest pitches, because unlike a traditional electric piano or electric organ, which have as their lowest notes a low "A" and a low "C", respectively, a synth does not have a fixed lowest octave. A synth player can add lower octaves to a patch by pressing an "octave down" button, which can produce pitches that are at the limits of human hearing. </p><p>Several concert sound subwoofer manufacturers suggest that their subs can be used for instrument amplification. Meyer Sound suggests that its 650-R2 Concert Series Subwoofer, a 14-cubic-foot (0.40 m<sup>3</sup>) enclosure with two 18-inch (460 mm) drivers, can be used for bass instrument amplification.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While performers who use concert sound subwoofers for onstage monitoring may like the powerful sub-bass sound that they get onstage, sound engineers may find the use of large subwoofers (e.g., two 18-inch (460 mm) drivers) for onstage instrument monitoring to be problematic, because it may interfere with the "Front of House" sub-bass sound. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rotating_speakers">Rotating speakers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rotating speakers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Hammond_Organ_-_Model_A_Medley.ogg" title="File:Hammond Organ - Model A Medley.ogg">Medley</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="207" data-mwtitle="Hammond_Organ_-_Model_A_Medley.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Hammond_Organ_-_Model_A_Medley.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/Hammond_Organ_-_Model_A_Medley.ogg/Hammond_Organ_-_Model_A_Medley.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">A medley played on a 1935 Model A Hammond organ through a <a href="/wiki/Leslie_speaker" title="Leslie speaker">Leslie speaker</a>.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:LezlieCabinetSequence.ogg" title="File:LezlieCabinetSequence.ogg">Chord Sequence</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="27" data-mwtitle="LezlieCabinetSequence.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/LezlieCabinetSequence.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/LezlieCabinetSequence.ogg/LezlieCabinetSequence.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">A simple chord sequence played on a Hammond organ through a <a href="/wiki/Leslie_speaker" title="Leslie speaker">Leslie speaker</a>.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NiceLittlePenguins-keyboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/NiceLittlePenguins-keyboard.jpg/220px-NiceLittlePenguins-keyboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/NiceLittlePenguins-keyboard.jpg/330px-NiceLittlePenguins-keyboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/NiceLittlePenguins-keyboard.jpg/440px-NiceLittlePenguins-keyboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>A keyboardist playing a live show with a big Leslie cabinet (visible to his right).</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Leslie speaker</b> is a specially constructed <a href="/wiki/Amplifier" title="Amplifier">amplifier</a>/<a href="/wiki/Loudspeaker_cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Loudspeaker cabinet">loudspeaker cabinet</a> used to create special audio effects such as <a href="/wiki/Vibrato" title="Vibrato">vibrato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chorus_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Chorus effect">chorus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tremolo" title="Tremolo">tremolo</a>. The Leslie creates these effects by rotating the tweeters or horns or a spinning a sound-directing duct around the bass <a href="/wiki/Woofer" title="Woofer">woofer</a> speaker, which causes the <a href="/wiki/Doppler_effect" title="Doppler effect">Doppler effect</a>. Named after its inventor, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Leslie" title="Donald Leslie">Donald Leslie</a>, it is particularly associated with the <a href="/wiki/Hammond_organ" title="Hammond organ">Hammond organ</a>, but is used with a variety of instruments (notably electric guitar) and sometimes with vocals. The Hammond/Leslie combination has become a key element of the sound in many genres of music, including early <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal music</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Deep_Purple" title="Deep Purple">Deep Purple</a>), <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> <a href="/wiki/Organ_trio" title="Organ trio">organ trios</a> and some rock genres. The Leslie Speaker and the Hammond Organ brands are currently owned by <a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Musical_Instrument_Corporation" title="Suzuki Musical Instrument Corporation">Suzuki Musical Instrument Corporation</a>. Due to the large size and heavy weight of the Leslie Speaker cabinet, some keyboardists use a small <a href="/wiki/Effects_unit" title="Effects unit">effects unit</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Uni-vibe" class="mw-redirect" title="Uni-vibe">Uni-vibe</a>, instead, and plug the unit into a regular keyboard amp. The most expensive rotating speaker effect units use digital modelling and digital signal-processing to produce a realistic-sounding recreation of the real Leslie speaker system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_approaches">Other approaches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other approaches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Not all keyboard players use keyboard amplifiers to make their instruments audible on stage. Some keyboard players use a combo <a href="/wiki/Guitar_amplifier" title="Guitar amplifier">guitar amplifier</a>, with a power amplifier and a speaker in a single wooden cabinet. The potential challenge with using guitar amps with keyboards is that a guitar amp is only designed to go down to about 82 Hz, the lowest note on an electric guitar, while an electric piano or Hammond organ may go down as low as 30 Hz. Playing these low keyboard pitches through a guitar amp may damage the speaker. Some keyboardists use <a href="/wiki/Bass_amplifier" title="Bass amplifier">bass amplifier</a> combos for their stage sound. While bass amps can easily handle the low pitches of a keyboard instrument, bass combo amps from the 1970s and 1980s are less likely than post-1990s bass combo amps to have a speaker and a high-register horn. Horn-less vintage combo bass amps may not provide crisp, accurate reproduction of high-pitched keyboard sounds. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Keyboarderin_Schulband_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Keyboarderin_Schulband_01.jpg/170px-Keyboarderin_Schulband_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Keyboarderin_Schulband_01.jpg/255px-Keyboarderin_Schulband_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Keyboarderin_Schulband_01.jpg/340px-Keyboarderin_Schulband_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="662" data-file-height="785" /></a><figcaption>A keyboardist using a <a href="/wiki/Trace_Elliot" title="Trace Elliot">Trace Elliot</a> <a href="/wiki/Bass_amplifier" title="Bass amplifier">bass amplifier</a> combo for her onstage sound.</figcaption></figure> <p>Another approach used by some keyboard players is to use a small <a href="/wiki/PA_system" class="mw-redirect" title="PA system">PA system</a> for their keyboards. This approach can work well, because small PA systems typically have four to eight inputs, which can accommodate a large keyboard setup with multiple keyboards (electric piano, Hammond organ, synth, etc.). The other benefit of using a PA system is that they use full-range speakers which contain a <a href="/wiki/Woofer" title="Woofer">woofer</a> and a tweeter, which are designed to reproduce the full range of sounds, from rumbling bass notes to piercing high notes. </p><p>Some keyboard players use powered PA speakers (also called "active speakers") with their keyboards. Powered PA speakers are speaker enclosures with a built-in <a href="/wiki/Power_amplifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Power amplifier">power amplifier</a> and, in some cases, other electronic components. In the 2010s, there is a convergence between the functionality of powered speakers and small PA systems, because some powered PA speakers include a small <a href="/wiki/Audio_console" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio console">mixer</a>, an XLR input for a microphone, and a microphone pre-amp. While these powered PA speakers have full-range capability (as they contain woofers and tweeters) and they are robust enough for high-volume live music, some models are not designed to be portable, and so they lack carrying handles and metal-protected corners. These types of powered monitor speakers are more suitable for a fixed keyboard setup in a home studio, recording studio or music school. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_brands">Selected brands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Selected brands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below the keyboard amplifier lineups of three mainstream brands are described. These lineups are described to give readers a sense of the range in size, speaker types and power (in watts) of standard keyboard combo amplifiers. These brands were chosen because they are widely available. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peavey">Peavey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Peavey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Peavey's smallest keyboard amp is the <b>KB 1</b>. It has 20 watts, an 8" speaker, and "2 separate channels with a 2-band EQ per channel and a headphone out."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This amp would be suitable for in-home practice. The next keyboard amp in the Peavey line is the <b>KB 2</b>. It has one ten-inch speaker "four separate channels, including a mic input on channel 3 and a monitor input on channel 4", a "2-band EQ per channel, headphone out, FX send/return, and balanced XLR out", and it is rated at 40 watts.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This amp would be a good model for at-home practice. It could be used for a rehearsal for a quieter genre of music, such as folk. The <b>KB 3</b> has 60 watts, a "12" speaker with tweeter...[,] 3 separate channels each have 2-band EQ and Channel 1 has mic input." There is also a balanced XLR main out, an effects send/return and a "headphone out with level control".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peavey's <b>KB 4</b> puts out 75 watts through a 15-inch speaker. The onboard mixer has a "2-band EQ and main effects send/return", the "Mic/Line channel has 3-band EQ and effects send/return plus monitor input with level control and assign, and a headphone out with level control."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This amp would be suitable for rehearsal or small venue shows (e.g., a coffeehouse). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roland">Roland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Roland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roland's smallest keyboard amp is the <b>CM-30</b> Cube Monitor. It delivers 30 watts through a 6.5-inch speaker and it has "3 input channels, with one XLR mic/line input and 2 additional AUX RCA and stereo mini-phone inputs, making a total of 5 simultaneous inputs possible."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i Roland's <b>KC-60</b> delivers 40 watts through a 10" speaker and <a href="/wiki/Piezo_tweeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Piezo tweeter">piezo tweeter</a>. It has "3 separate channels that include 1/4" line, XLR mic, and aux inputs...[,] channel and headphone outputs plus low and hi EQ."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roland's <b>KC-150</b> is delivers 65 watts through a 12" speaker and <a href="/wiki/Piezo_tweeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Piezo tweeter">piezo tweeter</a>. It has "4-channel capability, 2-band EQ, XLR mic input, and RCA stereo auxiliary input."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roland's <b>KC-350</b> delivers 120 watts through a 12" speaker and horn tweeter. It has "4-channel operation, 3-band EQ, XLR mic input, output select switch, and shape switch for quick tonal adjustment."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This amp could be used for rehearsals and mid-sized shows. Their KC-550 delivers 180 watts through a 15" speaker and horn tweeter. It has the same channel and EQ features as the KC-350. This is a good amp for larger show venues.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flagship of the KC line-up is the <b>KC-990</b> Stereo Keyboard Amp. It has 320 watts of power split over two 12-inch woofers and two tweeters, a variety of inputs and effects, and handles and casters to make it more easily portable.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yorkville">Yorkville</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Yorkville"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>50 KW</b> has 50 watts of power, a 10" woofer and a 3.75" tweeter. It has "2-channel operation", with "Channel 1 optimized for microphones with an XLR and a 1/4" input" and "Channel 2 optimized for line level and keyboard sources with 2 phone jack inputs and 2 RCA inputs"<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 50 KW is wedge-shaped, so it can be used as a monitor for a seated keyboardist. The <b>200 KB</b> delivers 200 watts through a 15" woofer and a horn tweeter. It is a four-channel amp. Channels 1 and two have an XLR and TRS phone jack. "Channel 3 has a TRS phone jack input", and "Channel 4 has one TRS phone jack and 2 RCA jacks" There are treble and bass tone controls for channels 1 and 2.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This amp would be suitable for mid-to large-sized shows. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090830050525/http://www.meyersound.com/products/legacy/650r2/index.htm">"650R2 Subwoofer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Meyer_Sound_Laboratories" title="Meyer Sound Laboratories">Meyer Sound Laboratories</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meyersound.com/products/legacy/650r2/index.htm">the original</a> on August 30, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=650R2+Subwoofer&rft.pub=Meyer+Sound+Laboratories&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meyersound.com%2Fproducts%2Flegacy%2F650r2%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeyboard+amplifier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musiciansfriend.com/keyboards-midi/peavey-kb-1-20w-1x8-2-channel-keyboard-amp">"Peavey KB 1 20W 1x8 2-Channel Keyboard Amp"</a>. Musician's Friend<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peavey+KB+1+20W+1x8+2-Channel+Keyboard+Amp&rft.pub=Musician%27s+Friend&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musiciansfriend.com%2Fkeyboards-midi%2Fpeavey-kb-1-20w-1x8-2-channel-keyboard-amp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeyboard+amplifier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130901115913/http://www.musiciansfriend.com/keyboards-midi/peavey-kb-2-keyboard-amp?">"Peavey KB 2 Keyboard Amp"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musiciansfriend.com/keyboards-midi/peavey-kb-2-keyboard-amp">the original</a> on September 1, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peavey+KB+2+Keyboard+Amp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musiciansfriend.com%2Fkeyboards-midi%2Fpeavey-kb-2-keyboard-amp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeyboard+amplifier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musiciansfriend.com/keyboards-midi/peavey-kb-3-keyboard-amp">"Peavey KB 3 Keyboard Amp"</a>. Musician's Friend<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peavey+KB+3+Keyboard+Amp&rft.pub=Musician%27s+Friend&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musiciansfriend.com%2Fkeyboards-midi%2Fpeavey-kb-3-keyboard-amp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeyboard+amplifier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130628082352/http://www.musiciansfriend.com/keyboards-midi/peavey-kb-4-75w-1x15-3-channel-keyboard-amplifier">"Peavey KB 4 75W 1x15 3-Channel Keyboard Amplifier"</a>. Musician's Friend. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musiciansfriend.com/keyboards-midi/peavey-kb-4-75w-1x15-3-channel-keyboard-amplifier">the original</a> on June 28, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peavey+KB+4+75W+1x15+3-Channel+Keyboard+Amplifier&rft.pub=Musician%27s+Friend&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musiciansfriend.com%2Fkeyboards-midi%2Fpeavey-kb-4-75w-1x15-3-channel-keyboard-amplifier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeyboard+amplifier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musiciansfriend.com/keyboards-midi/roland-cm-30-cube-monitor">"Roland CM-30 Cube Monitor"</a>. Musician's Friend<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roland+CM-30+Cube+Monitor&rft.pub=Musician%27s+Friend&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musiciansfriend.com%2Fkeyboards-midi%2Froland-cm-30-cube-monitor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeyboard+amplifier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130602004759/http://www.musiciansfriend.com/keyboards-midi/roland-kc-60-keyboard-amplifier">"Roland KC-60 Keyboard Amplifier"</a>. Musician's Friend. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musiciansfriend.com/keyboards-midi/roland-kc-60-keyboard-amplifier">the original</a> on June 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roland+KC-60+Keyboard+Amplifier&rft.pub=Musician%27s+Friend&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musiciansfriend.com%2Fkeyboards-midi%2Froland-kc-60-keyboard-amplifier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeyboard+amplifier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110804171446/http://www.musiciansfriend.com/keyboards-midi/roland-kc-60-keyboard-amplifier/480025000000000">"Roland KC-60 Keyboard Amplifier"</a>. Musician's Friend. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musiciansfriend.com/keyboards-midi/roland-kc-60-keyboard-amplifier/480025000000000">the original</a> on August 4, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roland+KC-60+Keyboard+Amplifier&rft.pub=Musician%27s+Friend&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musiciansfriend.com%2Fkeyboards-midi%2Froland-kc-60-keyboard-amplifier%2F480025000000000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeyboard+amplifier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130528233235/http://www.musiciansfriend.com/keyboards-midi/roland-kc-350-120w-keyboard-combo-amp">"Roland KC-350 120W Keyboard Combo Amp"</a>. Musician's Friend. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musiciansfriend.com/keyboards-midi/roland-kc-350-120w-keyboard-combo-amp">the original</a> on May 28, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roland+KC-350+120W+Keyboard+Combo+Amp&rft.pub=Musician%27s+Friend&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musiciansfriend.com%2Fkeyboards-midi%2Froland-kc-350-120w-keyboard-combo-amp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeyboard+amplifier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musiciansfriend.com/keyboards-midi/roland-kc-880-stereo-keyboard-amplifier">"Roland KC-880 Stereo Keyboard Amplifier"</a>. Musician's Friend<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roland+KC-880+Stereo+Keyboard+Amplifier&rft.pub=Musician%27s+Friend&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musiciansfriend.com%2Fkeyboards-midi%2Froland-kc-880-stereo-keyboard-amplifier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeyboard+amplifier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.musicradar.com/news/roland-updates-the-kc-keyboard-amp-range-with-six-new-models">"Roland updates the KC keyboard amp range with six new models"</a>. <i>Music Radar</i>. October 19, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Music+Radar&rft.atitle=Roland+updates+the+KC+keyboard+amp+range+with+six+new+models&rft.date=2017-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicradar.com%2Fnews%2Froland-updates-the-kc-keyboard-amp-range-with-six-new-models&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeyboard+amplifier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130521233014/http://www.musiciansfriend.com/keyboards-midi/yorkville-50kw-10-2-channel-wedge-keyboard-monitor">"Yorkville 50KW 10" 2-Channel Wedge Keyboard Monitor"</a>. Musician's Friend. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musiciansfriend.com/keyboards-midi/yorkville-50kw-10-2-channel-wedge-keyboard-monitor">the original</a> on May 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yorkville+50KW+10%22+2-Channel+Wedge+Keyboard+Monitor&rft.pub=Musician%27s+Friend&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musiciansfriend.com%2Fkeyboards-midi%2Fyorkville-50kw-10-2-channel-wedge-keyboard-monitor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeyboard+amplifier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130830042308/http://www.musiciansfriend.com/keyboards-midi/yorkville-200kb-4-channel-keyboard-amp">"Yorkville 200KB 4-Channel Keyboard Amp"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musiciansfriend.com/keyboards-midi/yorkville-200kb-4-channel-keyboard-amp">the original</a> on August 30, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yorkville+200KB+4-Channel+Keyboard+Amp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musiciansfriend.com%2Fkeyboards-midi%2Fyorkville-200kb-4-channel-keyboard-amp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeyboard+amplifier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_amplifier" title="Guitar amplifier">Guitar amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrument_amplifier" title="Instrument amplifier">Instrument amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_amplifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Power amplifier">Power amplifier</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Musical_and_keyboard_instruments" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Musical_keyboards" title="Template:Musical keyboards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Musical_keyboards" title="Template talk:Musical keyboards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Musical_keyboards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Musical keyboards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Musical_and_keyboard_instruments" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Musical_keyboard" title="Musical keyboard">Musical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">keyboard instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowed_clavier" title="Bowed clavier">Bowed clavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calliope_(music)" title="Calliope (music)">Calliope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">Carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">Celesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chime_(bell_instrument)" title="Chime (bell instrument)">Chime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavichord" title="Clavichord">Clavichord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavicytherium" title="Clavicytherium">Clavicytherium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claviharp" title="Claviharp">Claviharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_keyboard" title="Electronic keyboard">Electronic keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortepiano" title="Fortepiano">Fortepiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonichord" title="Harmonichord">Harmonichord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">Harpsichord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keytar" title="Keytar">Keytar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodica" title="Melodica">Melodica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_(music)" title="Organ (music)">Organ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hammond_organ" title="Hammond organ">Hammond organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_organ" title="Pipe organ">Pipe organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Reed organ">Reed organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_organ" title="Theatre organ">Theatre organ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphica" title="Orphica">Orphica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">Piano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_piano" title="Digital piano">Digital piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_piano" title="Electric piano">Electric piano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_accordion" title="Piano accordion">Piano accordion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinet" title="Spinet">Spinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">Synthesizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginals" title="Virginals">Virginal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Layouts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enharmonic_keyboard" title="Enharmonic keyboard">Enharmonic keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generalized_keyboard" title="Generalized keyboard">Generalized keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isomorphic_keyboard" title="Isomorphic keyboard">Isomorphic keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jank%C3%B3_keyboard" title="Jankó keyboard">Jankó keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_octave" title="Short octave">Short octave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Key_(instrument)" title="Key (instrument)">Keys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piano_key_frequencies" title="Piano key frequencies">Frequencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_(music)" title="Manual (music)">Manual keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_sharp" title="Split sharp">Split sharp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Piano_pedals" title="Piano pedals">Pedals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expression_pedal" title="Expression pedal">Expression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_pedal" title="Soft pedal">Soft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustain_pedal" title="Sustain pedal">Sustain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_keyboard" title="Pedal keyboard">Pedal keyboard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Piano construction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piano_acoustics" title="Piano acoustics">Acoustics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovations_in_the_piano" title="Innovations in the piano">Innovations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_wire" title="Piano wire">Wiring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliquot_stringing" title="Aliquot stringing">Aliquot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-stringing" title="Cross-stringing">Cross</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Piano_maintenance" title="Piano maintenance">Maintenance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_(piano)" title="Action (piano)">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Technicians_Guild" title="Piano Technicians Guild">Piano Technicians Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_tuning" title="Piano tuning">Tuning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuning_wrench" title="Tuning wrench">Wrench</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Amplifiers, speakers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Keyboard amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_speaker" title="Leslie speaker">Leslie speaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prepared_piano" title="Prepared piano">Prepared piano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&oldid=1256582482">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&oldid=1256582482</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Instrument_amplifiers" title="Category:Instrument amplifiers">Instrument amplifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Keyboard_instruments" title="Category:Keyboard instruments">Keyboard instruments</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_September_2021" title="Category:Use mdy dates from September 2021">Use mdy dates from September 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_May_2013" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from May 2013">Articles needing additional references from May 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 November 2024, at 17:04<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keyboard_amplifier&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-nv9w8","wgBackendResponseTime":148,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.405","walltime":"0.722","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1091,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":45933,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":311,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":58898,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 511.199 1 -total"," 30.80% 157.435 1 Template:Musical_keyboards"," 29.75% 152.088 1 Template:Reflist"," 24.62% 125.868 12 Template:Cite_web"," 16.47% 84.176 1 Template:Navbox"," 15.63% 79.904 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 15.11% 77.234 1 Template:Ambox"," 8.22% 42.028 2 Template:Listen"," 7.68% 39.271 3 Template:Convert"," 6.13% 31.316 1 Template:Use_mdy_dates"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.266","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6817385,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7f58d5dcf5-rdmbn","timestamp":"20241110170422","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Keyboard amplifier","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Keyboard_amplifier","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17093031","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17093031","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-05-22T16:10:39Z","dateModified":"2024-11-10T17:04:19Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a0\/Amplifier1.jpg","headline":"musical equipment"}</script> </body> </html>