CINXE.COM

Piano key frequencies - Wikipedia

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Piano key frequencies - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"de837d5f-53c5-4c9c-88c1-f6368fffccbd","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Piano_key_frequencies","wgTitle":"Piano key frequencies","wgCurRevisionId":1254093241,"wgRevisionId":1254093241,"wgArticleId":1325784,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from December 2019","All articles needing additional references","Piano","Musical tuning"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Piano_key_frequencies","wgRelevantArticleId":1325784,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[], "wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1455597","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.math.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Piano key frequencies - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano_key_frequencies"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Piano_key_frequencies&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano_key_frequencies"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Piano_key_frequencies rootpage-Piano_key_frequencies skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Piano+key+frequencies" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Piano+key+frequencies" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Piano+key+frequencies" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Piano+key+frequencies" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-List" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>List</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Piano key frequencies</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Честоти на пиано клавиатура – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Честоти на пиано клавиатура" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_piano" title="Freqüències del piano – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Freqüències del piano" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequenzen_der_gleichstufigen_Stimmung" title="Frequenzen der gleichstufigen Stimmung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frequenzen der gleichstufigen Stimmung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frecuencias_de_afinaci%C3%B3n_del_piano" title="Frecuencias de afinación del piano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Frecuencias de afinación del piano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9quences_des_touches_du_piano" title="Fréquences des touches du piano – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fréquences des touches du piano" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequenze_del_pianoforte" title="Frequenze del pianoforte – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frequenze del pianoforte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toonhoogtetabel" title="Toonhoogtetabel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toonhoogtetabel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangentfrekvenser_(piano)" title="Tangentfrekvenser (piano) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tangentfrekvenser (piano)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_frequ%C3%AAncias_das_teclas_de_piano" title="Lista de frequências das teclas de piano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lista de frequências das teclas de piano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Частоты настройки фортепиано – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Частоты настройки фортепиано" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_toner" title="Lista över toner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lista över toner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99" title="ความถี่เสียงเปียโน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความถี่เสียงเปียโน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%BC%E7%90%B4%E9%8D%B5%E9%A0%BB%E7%8E%87" title="鋼琴鍵頻率 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鋼琴鍵頻率" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1455597#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Piano_key_frequencies" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Piano_key_frequencies" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Piano_key_frequencies"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano_key_frequencies&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano_key_frequencies&amp;action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Piano_key_frequencies"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano_key_frequencies&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano_key_frequencies&amp;action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Piano_key_frequencies" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Piano_key_frequencies" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano_key_frequencies&amp;oldid=1254093241" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano_key_frequencies&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&amp;page=Piano_key_frequencies&amp;id=1254093241&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPiano_key_frequencies"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPiano_key_frequencies"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Piano_key_frequencies&amp;action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano_key_frequencies&amp;printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1455597" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Piano_key_frequencies" title="Special:EditPage/Piano key frequencies">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Piano+key+frequencies%22">"Piano key frequencies"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Piano+key+frequencies%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Piano+key+frequencies%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Piano+key+frequencies%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Piano+key+frequencies%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Piano+key+frequencies%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This is a list of the <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_frequencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamental frequencies">fundamental frequencies</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">hertz</a> (cycles per second) of the keys of a modern 88-key standard or 108-key extended <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a> in <a href="/wiki/Equal_temperament#Twelve-tone_equal_temperament" title="Equal temperament">twelve-tone equal temperament</a>, with the 49th key, the fifth A (called A<sub>4</sub>), tuned to 440&#160;Hz (referred to as <a href="/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)" title="A440 (pitch standard)">A440</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Every octave is made of twelve steps called <a href="/wiki/Semitones" class="mw-redirect" title="Semitones">semitones</a>. A jump from the lowest semitone to the highest semitone in one octave doubles the <a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequency</a> (for example, the fifth A is 440 Hz and the sixth A is 880 Hz). The frequency of a pitch is derived by multiplying (ascending) or dividing (descending) the frequency of the previous pitch by the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_root_of_two" title="Twelfth root of two">twelfth root of two</a> (approximately 1.059463).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> For example, to get the frequency one semitone up from A<sub>4</sub> (A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>4</sub>), multiply 440 Hz by the twelfth root of two. To go from A<sub>4</sub> up two semitones (one <a href="/wiki/Whole_tone" class="mw-redirect" title="Whole tone">whole tone</a>) to B<sub>4</sub>, multiply 440 twice by the twelfth root of two (or once by the sixth root of two, approximately 1.122462). To go from A<sub>4</sub> up three semitones to C<sub>5</sub> (a <a href="/wiki/Minor_third" title="Minor third">minor third</a>), multiply 440 Hz three times by the twelfth root of two (or once by the fourth root of two, approximately 1.189207). For other tuning schemes, refer to <a href="/wiki/Musical_tuning" title="Musical tuning">musical tuning</a>. </p><p>This list of frequencies is for a theoretically ideal piano. On an actual piano, the ratio between semitones is slightly larger, especially at the high and low ends, where string stiffness causes <a href="/wiki/Inharmonicity" title="Inharmonicity">inharmonicity</a>, i.e., the tendency for the <a href="/wiki/Harmonic" title="Harmonic">harmonic</a> makeup of each note to run <a href="/wiki/Sharp_(music)" title="Sharp (music)">sharp</a>. To compensate for this, octaves are tuned slightly wide, <a href="/wiki/Stretched_octave" class="mw-redirect" title="Stretched octave">stretched</a> according to the inharmonic characteristics of each instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This deviation from equal temperament is called the <a href="/wiki/Railsback_curve" class="mw-redirect" title="Railsback curve">Railsback curve</a>. </p><p>The following equation gives the frequency <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">f</span> (Hz) of the <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">n</span><sup>th</sup> key on the idealized standard piano with the 49th key tuned to A<sub>4</sub> at 440 Hz: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(n)=\left({\sqrt[{12}]{2}}\,\right)^{n-49}\times 440\,{\text{Hz}}\,=2^{\frac {n-49}{12}}\times 440\,{\text{Hz}}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mroot> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </mroot> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mn>49</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&#x00D7;<!-- × --></mo> <mn>440</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Hz</mtext> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>&#x2212;<!-- − --></mo> <mn>49</mn> </mrow> <mn>12</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&#x00D7;<!-- × --></mo> <mn>440</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Hz</mtext> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(n)=\left({\sqrt[{12}]{2}}\,\right)^{n-49}\times 440\,{\text{Hz}}\,=2^{\frac {n-49}{12}}\times 440\,{\text{Hz}}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e3bc97363b65f575de67261dd5e8b9af2c2e0781" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:45.603ex; height:4.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(n)=\left({\sqrt[{12}]{2}}\,\right)^{n-49}\times 440\,{\text{Hz}}\,=2^{\frac {n-49}{12}}\times 440\,{\text{Hz}}\,}"></span></dd></dl> <p>where <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">n</span> is shown in the table below.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conversely, the key number of a pitch with a frequency <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">f</span> (Hz) on the idealized standard piano is: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n=12\,\log _{2}\left({\frac {f}{440\,{\text{Hz}}}}\right)+49}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>12</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&#x2061;<!-- ⁡ --></mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mn>440</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Hz</mtext> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>49</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n=12\,\log _{2}\left({\frac {f}{440\,{\text{Hz}}}}\right)+49}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f7600a17611f6eeab69062a3f7193bf1891ade1b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:27.691ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n=12\,\log _{2}\left({\frac {f}{440\,{\text{Hz}}}}\right)+49}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List">List</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano_key_frequencies&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: List"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Piano_Frequencies.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Piano Keyboard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Piano_Frequencies.svg/520px-Piano_Frequencies.svg.png" decoding="async" width="520" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Piano_Frequencies.svg/780px-Piano_Frequencies.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Piano_Frequencies.svg/1040px-Piano_Frequencies.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption>An 88-key piano, with the octaves numbered and <a href="/wiki/C_(musical_note)#Middle_C" title="C (musical note)">Middle C</a> (cyan) and <a href="/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)" title="A440 (pitch standard)">A440</a> (yellow) highlighted</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piano_key_frequencies.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Piano_key_frequencies.png/50px-Piano_key_frequencies.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Piano_key_frequencies.png/75px-Piano_key_frequencies.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Piano_key_frequencies.png/100px-Piano_key_frequencies.png 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>A printable version of the standard key frequencies (only including the 88 keys on a standard piano)</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p>Values in <b>bold</b> are exact on an idealized standard piano. Keys shaded gray are rare and only appear on extended pianos. The normal 88 keys were numbered 1–88, with the extra low keys numbered 89–97 and the extra high keys numbered 98–108. A 108-key piano that extends from C<sub>0</sub> to B<sub>8</sub> was first built in 2018 by <a href="/wiki/Stuart_%26_Sons" title="Stuart &amp; Sons">Stuart &amp; Sons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (Note: these piano key numbers 1-108 are not the <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">n</span> keys in the equations or the table.) </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" width="30px">Piano key number </th> <th rowspan="2" width="30px">MIDI note number </th> <th rowspan="2" width="150px"><a href="/wiki/Helmholtz_pitch_notation" title="Helmholtz pitch notation">Helmholtz</a> name<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2" width="140px"><a href="/wiki/Scientific_pitch_notation" title="Scientific pitch notation">Scientific pitch</a> name<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2" width="20px"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">n</span> </th> <th rowspan="2" width="138px">Frequency <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">f</span>(<span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">n</span>) (<a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">Hz</a>) (Equal temperament) <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="6">Corresponding open strings on other instruments </th> <th colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Vocal_range" title="Vocal range">Vocal Ranges</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th width="5%" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1221560606">@supports(writing-mode:vertical-rl){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header{line-height:1;max-width:1em;padding:0.4em;vertical-align:bottom;width:1em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sortable:not(.jquery-tablesorter) .ts-vertical-header:not(.unsortable),html.client-js .mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.headerSort{background-position:50%.4em;padding-right:0.4em;padding-top:21px}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-valign-top{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-valign-middle{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-normal{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header>*{display:inline-block;transform:rotate(180deg);writing-mode:vertical-rl}@supports(writing-mode:sideways-lr){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header>*{transform:none;writing-mode:sideways-lr}}}</style><a href="/wiki/Violin#Tuning" title="Violin">Violin</a></div> </th> <th width="6%" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><a href="/wiki/Viola#Tuning" title="Viola">Viola</a></div> </th> <th width="7%" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><a href="/wiki/Cello#Strings" title="Cello">Cello</a></div> </th> <th width="7%" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><a href="/wiki/Double_bass#Tuning" title="Double bass">Bass</a></div> </th> <th width="9%" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><a href="/wiki/Guitar_tunings" title="Guitar tunings">Guitar</a></div> </th> <th width="5%" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606"><a href="/wiki/Ukulele#Tuning" title="Ukulele">Ukulele</a></div> </th> <th width="5%" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Soprano</div> </th> <th width="6%" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Mezzo-soprano</div> </th> <th width="7%" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Contralto</div> </th> <th width="7%" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Tenor</div> </th> <th width="9%" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Baritone</div> </th> <th width="5%" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">Bass</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="lightgray">108 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">119 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">b′′′′′ </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">B<sub>8</sub> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">99 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">7902.133 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="darkslategray" style="color:white">107 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">118 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">a<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′′′′′/b<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′′′′′ </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>8</sub>/B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>8</sub> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">98 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">7458.620 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="lightgray">106 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">117 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">a′′′′′ </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">A<sub>8</sub> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">97 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"><b>7040.000</b> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="darkslategray" style="color:white">105 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">116 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">g<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′′′′′/a<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′′′′′ </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>8</sub>/A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>8</sub> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">96 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">6644.875 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="lightgray">104 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">115 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">g′′′′′ </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">G<sub>8</sub> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">95 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">6271.927 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="darkslategray" style="color:white">103 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">114 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">f<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′′′′′/g<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′′′′′ </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>8</sub>/G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>8</sub> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">94 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">5919.911 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="lightgray">102 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">113 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">f′′′′′ </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">F<sub>8</sub> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">93 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">5587.652 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="lightgray">101 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">112 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">e′′′′′ </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">E<sub>8</sub> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">92 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">5274.041 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="darkslategray" style="color:white">100 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">111 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">d<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′′′′′/e<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′′′′′ </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>8</sub>/E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>8</sub> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">91 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">4978.032 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="lightgray">99 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">110 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">d′′′′′ </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">D<sub>8</sub> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">90 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">4698.636 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="darkslategray" style="color:white">98 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">109 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">c<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′′′′′/d<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′′′′′ </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>8</sub>/D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>8</sub> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">89 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">4434.922 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">88 </td> <td>108 </td> <td>c′′′′′ 5-line <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octave</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eighth_octave_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighth octave C">C<sub>8</sub></a> Eighth octave </td> <td>88 </td> <td>4186.009 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">87 </td> <td>107 </td> <td>b′′′′ </td> <td>B<sub>7</sub> </td> <td>87 </td> <td>3951.066 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">86 </td> <td>106 </td> <td>a<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′′′′/b<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′′′′ </td> <td>A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>7</sub>/B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>7</sub> </td> <td>86 </td> <td>3729.310 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">85 </td> <td>105 </td> <td>a′′′′ </td> <td>A<sub>7</sub> </td> <td>85 </td> <td><b>3520.000</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">84 </td> <td>104 </td> <td>g<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′′′′/a<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′′′′ </td> <td>G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>7</sub>/A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>7</sub> </td> <td>84 </td> <td>3322.438 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">83 </td> <td>103 </td> <td>g′′′′ </td> <td>G<sub>7</sub> </td> <td>83 </td> <td>3135.963 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">82 </td> <td>102 </td> <td>f<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′′′′/g<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′′′′ </td> <td>F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>7</sub>/G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>7</sub> </td> <td>82 </td> <td>2959.955 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">81 </td> <td>101 </td> <td>f′′′′ </td> <td>F<sub>7</sub> </td> <td>81 </td> <td>2793.826 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">80 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>e′′′′ </td> <td>E<sub>7</sub> </td> <td>80 </td> <td>2637.020 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">79 </td> <td>99 </td> <td>d<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′′′′/e<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′′′′ </td> <td>D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>7</sub>/E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>7</sub> </td> <td>79 </td> <td>2489.016 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">78 </td> <td>98 </td> <td>d′′′′ </td> <td>D<sub>7</sub> </td> <td>78 </td> <td>2349.318 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">77 </td> <td>97 </td> <td>c<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′′′′/d<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′′′′ </td> <td>C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>7</sub>/D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>7</sub> </td> <td>77 </td> <td>2217.461 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">76 </td> <td>96 </td> <td>c′′′′ 4-line <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octave</a> </td> <td>C<sub>7</sub> <a href="/wiki/Double_high_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Double high C">Double high C</a> </td> <td>76 </td> <td>2093.005 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">75 </td> <td>95 </td> <td>b′′′ </td> <td>B<sub>6</sub> </td> <td>75 </td> <td>1975.533 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">74 </td> <td>94 </td> <td>a<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′′′/b<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′′′ </td> <td>A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>6</sub>/B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>6</sub> </td> <td>74 </td> <td>1864.655 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">73 </td> <td>93 </td> <td>a′′′ </td> <td>A<sub>6</sub> </td> <td>73 </td> <td><b>1760.000</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">72 </td> <td>92 </td> <td>g<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′′′/a<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′′′ </td> <td>G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>6</sub>/A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>6</sub> </td> <td>72 </td> <td>1661.219 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">71 </td> <td>91 </td> <td>g′′′ </td> <td>G<sub>6</sub> </td> <td>71 </td> <td>1567.982 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">70 </td> <td>90 </td> <td>f<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′′′/g<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′′′ </td> <td>F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>6</sub>/G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>6</sub> </td> <td>70 </td> <td>1479.978 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">69 </td> <td>89 </td> <td>f′′′ </td> <td>F<sub>6</sub> </td> <td>69 </td> <td>1396.913 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">68 </td> <td>88 </td> <td>e′′′ </td> <td>E<sub>6</sub> </td> <td>68 </td> <td>1318.510 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">67 </td> <td>87 </td> <td>d<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′′′/e<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′′′ </td> <td>D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>6</sub>/E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>6</sub> </td> <td>67 </td> <td>1244.508 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">66 </td> <td>86 </td> <td>d′′′ </td> <td>D<sub>6</sub> </td> <td>66 </td> <td>1174.659 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">65 </td> <td>85 </td> <td>c<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′′′/d<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′′′ </td> <td>C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>6</sub>/D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>6</sub> </td> <td>65 </td> <td>1108.731 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">64 </td> <td>84 </td> <td>c′′′ 3-line <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octave</a> </td> <td>C<sub>6</sub> <a href="/wiki/Soprano_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Soprano C">Soprano C</a> (High C) </td> <td>64 </td> <td>1046.502 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="25" style="background:#9EFF9E; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">63 </td> <td>83 </td> <td>b′′ </td> <td>B<sub>5</sub> </td> <td>63 </td> <td>987.7666 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">62 </td> <td>82 </td> <td>a<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′′/b<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′′ </td> <td>A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>5</sub>/B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>5</sub> </td> <td>62 </td> <td>932.3275 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">61 </td> <td>81 </td> <td>a′′ </td> <td>A<sub>5</sub> </td> <td>61 </td> <td><b>880.0000</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="25" style="background:#9EFF9E; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">60 </td> <td>80 </td> <td>g<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′′/a<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′′ </td> <td>G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>5</sub>/A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>5</sub> </td> <td>60 </td> <td>830.6094 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">59 </td> <td>79 </td> <td>g′′ </td> <td>G<sub>5</sub> </td> <td>59 </td> <td>783.9909 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">58 </td> <td>78 </td> <td>f<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′′/g<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′′ </td> <td>F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>5</sub>/G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>5</sub> </td> <td>58 </td> <td>739.9888 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="25" style="background:#9EFF9E; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">57 </td> <td>77 </td> <td>f′′ </td> <td>F<sub>5</sub> </td> <td>57 </td> <td>698.4565 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">56 </td> <td>76 </td> <td>e′′ </td> <td>E<sub>5</sub> </td> <td>56 </td> <td>659.2551 </td> <td>E </td> <td>E (5 String Viola) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">55 </td> <td>75 </td> <td>d<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′′/e<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′′ </td> <td>D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>5</sub>/E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>5</sub> </td> <td>55 </td> <td>622.2540 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">54 </td> <td>74 </td> <td>d′′ </td> <td>D<sub>5</sub> </td> <td>54 </td> <td>587.3295 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">53 </td> <td>73 </td> <td>c<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′′/d<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′′ </td> <td>C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>5</sub>/D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>5</sub> </td> <td>53 </td> <td>554.3653 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="25" style="background:#9EFF9E; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">52 </td> <td>72 </td> <td>c′′ 2-line <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octave</a> </td> <td>C<sub>5</sub> <a href="/wiki/Tenor_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenor C">Tenor C</a> </td> <td>52 </td> <td>523.2511 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">51 </td> <td>71 </td> <td>b′ </td> <td>B<sub>4</sub> </td> <td>51 </td> <td>493.8833 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>High B (Optional for 12 String Guitar) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">50 </td> <td>70 </td> <td>a<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′/b<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′ </td> <td>A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>4</sub>/B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>4</sub> </td> <td>50 </td> <td>466.1638 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">49 </td> <td>69 </td> <td>a′ </td> <td bgcolor="yellow" style="color:black">A<sub>4</sub> <a href="/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)" title="A440 (pitch standard)"> A440</a> </td> <td bgcolor="yellow" style="color:black">49 </td> <td bgcolor="yellow" style="color:black"><b>440.0000</b> </td> <td>A </td> <td>A </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>High A (Optional) </td> <td>A </td> <td rowspan="25" style="background:#9EFF9E; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">48 </td> <td>68 </td> <td>g<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′/a<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′ </td> <td>G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>4</sub>/A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>4</sub> </td> <td>48 </td> <td>415.3047 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>High Ab (12 Single String Bass) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">47 </td> <td>67 </td> <td>g′ </td> <td>G<sub>4</sub> </td> <td>47 </td> <td>391.9954 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>High G </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">46 </td> <td>66 </td> <td>f<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′/g<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′ </td> <td>F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>4</sub>/G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>4</sub> </td> <td>46 </td> <td>369.9944 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">45 </td> <td>65 </td> <td>f′ </td> <td>F<sub>4</sub> </td> <td>45 </td> <td>349.2282 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">44 </td> <td>64 </td> <td>e′ </td> <td>E<sub>4</sub> </td> <td>44 </td> <td>329.6276 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>High E (5 String Cello) </td> <td> </td> <td>High E </td> <td>E </td> <td rowspan="25" style="background:#9EFF9E; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">43 </td> <td>63 </td> <td>d<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′/e<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′ </td> <td>D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>4</sub>/E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>4</sub> </td> <td>43 </td> <td>311.1270 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>High Eb (12 String Single String Bass) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">42 </td> <td>62 </td> <td>d′ </td> <td>D<sub>4</sub> </td> <td>42 </td> <td>293.6648 </td> <td>D </td> <td>D </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">41 </td> <td>61 </td> <td>c<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>′/d<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>′ </td> <td>C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>4</sub>/D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>4</sub> </td> <td>41 </td> <td>277.1826 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">40 </td> <td>60 </td> <td>c′ 1-line <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octave</a> </td> <td bgcolor="skyblue" style="color:black">C<sub>4</sub> <a href="/wiki/C_(musical_note)#Middle_C" title="C (musical note)">Middle C</a> </td> <td bgcolor="skyblue">40 </td> <td bgcolor="skyblue">261.6256 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>C </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">39 </td> <td>59 </td> <td>b </td> <td>B<sub>3</sub> </td> <td>39 </td> <td>246.9417 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>B </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">38 </td> <td>58 </td> <td>a<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>/b<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> </td> <td>A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>3</sub>/B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>3</sub> </td> <td>38 </td> <td>233.0819 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">37 </td> <td>57 </td> <td>a </td> <td>A<sub>3</sub> </td> <td>37 </td> <td><b>220.0000</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>A </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">36 </td> <td>56 </td> <td>g<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>/a<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> </td> <td>G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>3</sub>/A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>3</sub> </td> <td>36 </td> <td>207.6523 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">35 </td> <td>55 </td> <td>g </td> <td>G<sub>3</sub> </td> <td>35 </td> <td>195.9977 </td> <td>G </td> <td>G </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>G </td> <td>Low G </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">34 </td> <td>54 </td> <td>f<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>/g<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> </td> <td>F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>3</sub>/G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>3</sub> </td> <td>34 </td> <td>184.9972 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">33 </td> <td>53 </td> <td>f </td> <td>F<sub>3</sub> </td> <td>33 </td> <td>174.6141 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>High F (7 String) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">32 </td> <td>52 </td> <td>e </td> <td>E<sub>3</sub> </td> <td>32 </td> <td>164.8138 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>High E (5th tuning, 5 String Bass) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">31 </td> <td>51 </td> <td>d<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>/e<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> </td> <td>D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>3</sub>/E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>3</sub> </td> <td>31 </td> <td>155.5635 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">30 </td> <td>50 </td> <td>d </td> <td>D<sub>3</sub> </td> <td>30 </td> <td>146.8324 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>D </td> <td> </td> <td>D </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">29 </td> <td>49 </td> <td>c<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>/d<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> </td> <td>C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>3</sub>/D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>3</sub> </td> <td>29 </td> <td>138.5913 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">28 </td> <td>48 </td> <td>c small <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octave</a> </td> <td>C<sub>3</sub> </td> <td>28 </td> <td>130.8128 </td> <td>C (5 String) </td> <td>C </td> <td> </td> <td>C (6 string) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">27 </td> <td>47 </td> <td>B </td> <td>B<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>27 </td> <td>123.4708 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">26 </td> <td>46 </td> <td>A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>/B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> </td> <td>A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>2</sub>/B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>2</sub> </td> <td>26 </td> <td>116.5409 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">25 </td> <td>45 </td> <td>A </td> <td>A<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>25 </td> <td><b>110.0000</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>A (5th tuning Upright) </td> <td>A </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">24 </td> <td>44 </td> <td>G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>/A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> </td> <td>G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>2</sub>/A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>2</sub> </td> <td>24 </td> <td>103.8262 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">23 </td> <td>43 </td> <td>G </td> <td>G<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>23 </td> <td>97.99886 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>G </td> <td>G </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">22 </td> <td>42 </td> <td>F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>/G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> </td> <td>F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>2</sub>/G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>2</sub> </td> <td>22 </td> <td>92.49861 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">21 </td> <td>41 </td> <td>F </td> <td>F<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>21 </td> <td>87.30706 </td> <td>Low F (6 String) </td> <td>Low F (6 String) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">20 </td> <td>40 </td> <td>E </td> <td>E<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>20 </td> <td>82.40689 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Low E </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">19 </td> <td>39 </td> <td>D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>/E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> </td> <td>D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>2</sub>/E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>2</sub> </td> <td>19 </td> <td>77.78175 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">18 </td> <td>38 </td> <td>D </td> <td>D<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>18 </td> <td>73.41619 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>D </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">17 </td> <td>37 </td> <td>C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>/D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> </td> <td>C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>2</sub>/D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>2</sub> </td> <td>17 </td> <td>69.29566 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">16 </td> <td>36 </td> <td>C great <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octave</a> </td> <td>C<sub>2</sub> <a href="/wiki/Deep_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep C">Deep C</a> </td> <td>16 </td> <td>65.40639 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>C </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">15 </td> <td>35 </td> <td>B͵ </td> <td>B<sub>1</sub> </td> <td>15 </td> <td>61.73541 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Low B (7 string) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">14 </td> <td>34 </td> <td>A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>͵/B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>͵ </td> <td>A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>1</sub>/B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>1</sub> </td> <td>14 </td> <td>58.27047 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">13 </td> <td>33 </td> <td>A͵ </td> <td>A<sub>1</sub> </td> <td>13 </td> <td><b>55.00000</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>A </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">12 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>͵/A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>͵ </td> <td>G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>1</sub>/A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>1</sub> </td> <td>12 </td> <td>51.91309 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">11 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>G͵ </td> <td>G<sub>1</sub> </td> <td>11 </td> <td>48.99943 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>G (5th tuning Upright) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">10 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>͵/G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>͵ </td> <td>F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>1</sub>/G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>1</sub> </td> <td>10 </td> <td>46.24930 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Low F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span> (8 string) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">9 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>F͵ </td> <td>F<sub>1</sub> </td> <td>9 </td> <td>43.65353 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Low F (6 String) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">8 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>E͵ </td> <td>E<sub>1</sub> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>41.20344 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>E </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">7 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>͵/E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>͵ </td> <td>D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>1</sub>/E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>1</sub> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>38.89087 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">6 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>D͵ </td> <td>D<sub>1</sub> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>36.70810 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">5 </td> <td>25 </td> <td>C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>͵/D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>͵ </td> <td>C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>1</sub>/D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>1</sub> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>34.64783 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Low C#(9 String) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">4 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>C͵ contra-<a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octave</a> </td> <td>C<sub>1</sub> Pedal C </td> <td>4 </td> <td>32.70320 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>C (Upright Extension or 5th tuning) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">3 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>B͵͵ </td> <td>B<sub>0</sub> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>30.86771 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>B (5 string) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="black" style="color:white">2 </td> <td>22 </td> <td>A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>͵͵/B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>͵͵ </td> <td>A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>0</sub>/B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>0</sub> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>29.13524 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="white" style="color:black">1 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>A͵͵ </td> <td>A<sub>0</sub> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><b>27.50000</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="darkslategray" style="color:white">97 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">20 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>͵͵/A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>͵͵ </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>0</sub>/A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>0</sub> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">0 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">25.95654 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">Low G# (10 String) </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="lightgray">96 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">19 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">G͵͵ </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">G<sub>0</sub> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">-1 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">24.49971 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="darkslategray" style="color:white">95 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">18 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>͵͵/G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>͵͵ </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>0</sub>/G<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>0</sub> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">-2 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">23.12465 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="lightgray">94 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">17 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">F͵͵ </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">F<sub>0</sub> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">-3 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">21.82676 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="lightgray">93 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">16 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">E͵͵ </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">E<sub>0</sub> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">-4 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">20.60172 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="darkslategray" style="color:white">92 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">15 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>͵͵/E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>͵͵ </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>0</sub>/E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>0</sub> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">-5 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">19.44544 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="lightgray">91 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">14 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">D͵͵ </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">D<sub>0</sub> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">-6 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">18.35405 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="darkslategray" style="color:white">90 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">13 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span>͵͵/D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span>͵͵ </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span><sub>0</sub>/D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span><sub>0</sub> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">-7 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">17.32391 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="lightgray">89 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">12 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">C͵͵ sub-contra-<a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octave</a> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">C<sub>0</sub> Double Pedal C </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">-8 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray">16.35160 </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgray"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano_key_frequencies&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piano_tuning" title="Piano tuning">Piano tuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_pitch_notation" title="Scientific pitch notation">Scientific pitch notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_and_mathematics" title="Music and mathematics">Music and mathematics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piano_key_frequencies&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWeisstein" class="citation web cs1">Weisstein, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ericweisstein.com/encyclopedias/music/EqualTemperament.html">"Equal Temperament -- from Eric Weisstein's Treasure Trove of Music"</a>. <i>Eric Weisstein's Treasure Trove of Music</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190614131343/http://www.ericweisstein.com/encyclopedias/music/EqualTemperament.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-06-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Eric+Weisstein%27s+Treasure+Trove+of+Music&amp;rft.atitle=Equal+Temperament+--+from+Eric+Weisstein%27s+Treasure+Trove+of+Music&amp;rft.aulast=Weisstein&amp;rft.aufirst=Eric&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ericweisstein.com%2Fencyclopedias%2Fmusic%2FEqualTemperament.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiano+key+frequencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNov" class="citation web cs1">Nov, Yuval. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yuvalnov.org/temperament/">"Explaining the Equal Temperament"</a>. <i>www.yuvalnov.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190526025417/https://www.yuvalnov.org/temperament">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-05-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.yuvalnov.org&amp;rft.atitle=Explaining+the+Equal+Temperament&amp;rft.aulast=Nov&amp;rft.aufirst=Yuval&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yuvalnov.org%2Ftemperament%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiano+key+frequencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCitak" class="citation web cs1">Citak, Ray. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pianotechnician.com/tuning.html">"Information on Piano Tuning"</a>. <i>www.pianotechnician.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190226033129/http://www.pianotechnician.com/tuning.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-02-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.pianotechnician.com&amp;rft.atitle=Information+on+Piano+Tuning&amp;rft.aulast=Citak&amp;rft.aufirst=Ray&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pianotechnician.com%2Ftuning.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiano+key+frequencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillsKing2018" class="citation web cs1">Wills, Oscar; King, Rosie (2018-09-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-09-15/worlds-first-108-key-concert-grand-piano-built-by-australian/10246340">"Australian behind world's grandest piano"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190611190146/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-09-15/worlds-first-108-key-concert-grand-piano-built-by-australian/10246340">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-06-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ABC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Australian+behind+world%27s+grandest+piano&amp;rft.date=2018-09-15&amp;rft.aulast=Wills&amp;rft.aufirst=Oscar&amp;rft.au=King%2C+Rosie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2018-09-15%2Fworlds-first-108-key-concert-grand-piano-built-by-australian%2F10246340&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiano+key+frequencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoss2019" class="citation web cs1">Goss, Clint (2019-02-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flutopedia.com/octave_notation.htm">"Octave Notation"</a>. <i>Flutopedia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190512205909/http://flutopedia.com/octave_notation.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-05-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Flutopedia&amp;rft.atitle=Octave+Notation&amp;rft.date=2019-02-18&amp;rft.aulast=Goss&amp;rft.aufirst=Clint&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flutopedia.com%2Foctave_notation.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiano+key+frequencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuits1998" class="citation web cs1">Suits, Bryan (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pages.mtu.edu/~suits/notefreqs.html">"Frequencies of Musical Notes, A4 = 440 Hz"</a>. <i>Physics of Music — Notes</i>. <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Tech_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Michigan Tech University">Michigan Tech University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191216163453/https://pages.mtu.edu/~suits/notefreqs.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Physics+of+Music+%E2%80%94+Notes&amp;rft.atitle=Frequencies+of+Musical+Notes%2C+A4+%3D+440+Hz&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.aulast=Suits&amp;rft.aufirst=Bryan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpages.mtu.edu%2F~suits%2Fnotefreqs.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APiano+key+frequencies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Musical_and_keyboard_instruments" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Musical_keyboards" title="Template:Musical keyboards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Musical_keyboards" title="Template talk:Musical keyboards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Musical_keyboards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Musical keyboards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Musical_and_keyboard_instruments" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Musical_keyboard" title="Musical keyboard">Musical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">keyboard instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowed_clavier" title="Bowed clavier">Bowed clavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calliope_(music)" title="Calliope (music)">Calliope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">Carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">Celesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chime_(bell_instrument)" title="Chime (bell instrument)">Chime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavichord" title="Clavichord">Clavichord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavicytherium" title="Clavicytherium">Clavicytherium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claviharp" title="Claviharp">Claviharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_keyboard" title="Electronic keyboard">Electronic keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortepiano" title="Fortepiano">Fortepiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonichord" title="Harmonichord">Harmonichord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">Harpsichord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keytar" title="Keytar">Keytar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodica" title="Melodica">Melodica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_(music)" title="Organ (music)">Organ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hammond_organ" title="Hammond organ">Hammond organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_organ" title="Pipe organ">Pipe organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Reed organ">Reed organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_organ" title="Theatre organ">Theatre organ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphica" title="Orphica">Orphica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">Piano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_piano" title="Digital piano">Digital piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_piano" title="Electric piano">Electric piano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_accordion" title="Piano accordion">Piano accordion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinet" title="Spinet">Spinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">Synthesizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginals" title="Virginals">Virginal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Layouts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enharmonic_keyboard" title="Enharmonic keyboard">Enharmonic keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generalized_keyboard" title="Generalized keyboard">Generalized keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isomorphic_keyboard" title="Isomorphic keyboard">Isomorphic keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jank%C3%B3_keyboard" title="Jankó keyboard">Jankó keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_octave" title="Short octave">Short octave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Key_(instrument)" title="Key (instrument)">Keys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frequencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_(music)" title="Manual (music)">Manual keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_sharp" title="Split sharp">Split sharp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Piano_pedals" title="Piano pedals">Pedals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expression_pedal" title="Expression pedal">Expression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_pedal" title="Soft pedal">Soft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustain_pedal" title="Sustain pedal">Sustain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_keyboard" title="Pedal keyboard">Pedal keyboard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Piano construction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piano_acoustics" title="Piano acoustics">Acoustics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovations_in_the_piano" title="Innovations in the piano">Innovations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_wire" title="Piano wire">Wiring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliquot_stringing" title="Aliquot stringing">Aliquot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-stringing" title="Cross-stringing">Cross</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Piano_maintenance" title="Piano maintenance">Maintenance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_(piano)" title="Action (piano)">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Technicians_Guild" title="Piano Technicians Guild">Piano Technicians Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_tuning" title="Piano tuning">Tuning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuning_wrench" title="Tuning wrench">Wrench</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Amplifiers, speakers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_amplifier" title="Keyboard amplifier">Keyboard amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_speaker" title="Leslie speaker">Leslie speaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prepared_piano" title="Prepared piano">Prepared piano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Frequency_and_pitch" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pitch_(music)" title="Template:Pitch (music)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pitch_(music)" title="Template talk:Pitch (music)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pitch_(music)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pitch (music)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Frequency_and_pitch" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">Frequency</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitch</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concert_pitch" title="Concert pitch">Concert pitch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)" title="A440 (pitch standard)">A440</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enharmonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Enharmonic">Enharmonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmholtz_pitch_notation" title="Helmholtz pitch notation">Helmholtz pitch notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_notation" title="Letter notation">Letter notation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Piano key frequencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_class" title="Pitch class">Pitch class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_pitch_notation" title="Scientific pitch notation">Scientific pitch notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perception</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_pitch" title="Absolute pitch">Absolute pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_training" title="Ear training">Ear training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_circularity" title="Pitch circularity">Pitch circularity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relative_pitch" title="Relative pitch">Relative pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonal_memory" title="Tonal memory">Tonal memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tone_deafness" class="mw-redirect" title="Tone deafness">Tone deafness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_pitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual pitch">Virtual pitch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_tuner" title="Electronic tuner">Electronic tuner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersenne%27s_laws" title="Mersenne&#39;s laws">Mersenne's laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtuner" title="Microtuner">Microtuner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_tuning" title="Musical tuning">Musical tuning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beat_(acoustics)" title="Beat (acoustics)">Beating</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_pipe" title="Pitch pipe">Pitch pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savart_wheel" title="Savart wheel">Savart wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuning_fork" title="Tuning fork">Tuning fork</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐ftkqq Cached time: 20241122141045 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.520 seconds Real time usage: 0.669 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5935/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 75692/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 583/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 51470/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.247/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5086930/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 466.745 1 -total 23.01% 107.420 6 Template:Cite_web 21.26% 99.253 2 Template:Navbox 20.87% 97.388 1 Template:Musical_keyboards 16.52% 77.104 1 Template:Short_description 15.04% 70.218 1 Template:More_citations_needed 14.10% 65.824 1 Template:Ambox 11.38% 53.121 182 Template:Music 9.47% 44.203 2 Template:Pagetype 5.54% 25.838 12 Template:Vert_header --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:1325784-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122141045 and revision id 1254093241. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Piano_key_frequencies&amp;oldid=1254093241">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Piano_key_frequencies&amp;oldid=1254093241</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Piano" title="Category:Piano">Piano</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Musical_tuning" title="Category:Musical tuning">Musical tuning</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_December_2019" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from December 2019">Articles needing additional references from December 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 October 2024, at 11:35<span class="anonymous-show">&#160;(UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Piano_key_frequencies&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-lljb8","wgBackendResponseTime":156,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.520","walltime":"0.669","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5935,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":75692,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":583,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":51470,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 466.745 1 -total"," 23.01% 107.420 6 Template:Cite_web"," 21.26% 99.253 2 Template:Navbox"," 20.87% 97.388 1 Template:Musical_keyboards"," 16.52% 77.104 1 Template:Short_description"," 15.04% 70.218 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 14.10% 65.824 1 Template:Ambox"," 11.38% 53.121 182 Template:Music"," 9.47% 44.203 2 Template:Pagetype"," 5.54% 25.838 12 Template:Vert_header"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.247","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5086930,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ftkqq","timestamp":"20241122141045","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Piano key frequencies","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piano_key_frequencies","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1455597","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1455597","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-12-25T13:41:11Z","dateModified":"2024-10-29T11:35:40Z","headline":"Wikimedia list article"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10