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class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Medically reviewed</a> by <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Michaela Murphy, PA-C</a></span></span> — <span><span><span><span>Written by <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Danielle Dresden</a></span></span></span><span><span><span> and <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Suzy Davenport</a></span></span></span></span> — <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span> Updated on October 31, 2022</span></a></div></section></div><div><nav class="css-wp9hsz" id="tab-bar-0" data-testid="tab-bar"><ul class="css-wy0i0w"><li class="css-gc7rbi"><a href="#what-is-it" class="css-1qfr3bt">What is it?</a></li><li class="css-gc7rbi"><a href="#test-types" class="css-1qfr3bt">Test types</a></li><li class="css-gc7rbi"><a href="#effectiveness" class="css-1qfr3bt">Effectiveness</a></li><li class="css-gc7rbi"><a href="#cost-and-availability" class="css-1qfr3bt">Cost and availability</a></li><li class="css-gc7rbi"><a href="#who-and-when" class="css-1qfr3bt">Who and when?</a></li><li class="css-gc7rbi"><a href="#results" class="css-1qfr3bt">Results</a></li><li class="css-gc7rbi"><a href="#faq" class="css-1qfr3bt">FAQ</a></li><li class="css-gc7rbi"><a href="#summary" class="css-1qfr3bt">Summary</a></li></ul></nav><article class="article-body css-d2znx6 undefined"><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-12va8w7"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><div><p class="css-4aeg3z">HIV can be a life changing condition, but early testing and effective treatment enable many people living with HIV to lead healthy, active lives.</p></div></div><div><div><figure class="css-yhe8zq"><span class="css-rwmw5v"><span class="css-mjp0j9"><picture class="css-16pk1is"><source srcSet="//i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/10/2118957-How-to-test-for-HIV-using-an-at-home-test-kit-1296x728-Header-1074a7-1024x575.jpg?w=1575 750w" media="(min-width: 1190px)"/><source srcSet="//i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/10/2118957-How-to-test-for-HIV-using-an-at-home-test-kit-1296x728-Header-1074a7-1024x575.jpg?w=1575 750w" media="(min-width: 990px)"/><source srcSet="//i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/10/2118957-How-to-test-for-HIV-using-an-at-home-test-kit-1296x728-Header-1074a7-1024x575.jpg?w=1845 879w" media="(min-width: 768px)"/><img src="//i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/10/2118957-How-to-test-for-HIV-using-an-at-home-test-kit-1296x728-Header-1074a7-1024x575.jpg?w=1155&h=1528" alt="A male sitting on a rug preparing to perform a finger-prick blood test to screen for HIV. A glass of water is on the rug next to him." class="css-1jytyml"/></picture></span><hl-share-overlay class="css-1mqo1cs"><a class="css-90fpmc icon-hl-pinterest css-by55vd" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" data-event="Any Page|Image Pinterest Click|Icon Clicked" data-element-event="OPEN|CONTENTBLOCK|Any Page|Article Body|BUTTON|Image Widget Pinterest Click|" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F316316&media=https%3A%2F%2Fpost.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2022%2F10%2F2118957-How-to-test-for-HIV-using-an-at-home-test-kit-1296x728-Header-1074a7-1024x575.jpg&description=Home%20HIV%20test%20kits%3A%20Types%2C%20effectiveness%2C%20cost%2C%20and%20what%20to%20expect" title="Share on Pinterest" data-pin-custom="true" data-share-url="https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/10/2118957-How-to-test-for-HIV-using-an-at-home-test-kit-1296x728-Header-1074a7-1024x575.jpg"><span class="css-z1zfa">Share on Pinterest</span></a></hl-share-overlay></span></figure></div></div><div><p><hl-trusted-source source="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/getting-tested.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Routine testing</a></hl-trusted-source> is essential for anyone with known HIV risk factors, such as sex with more than one partner since their last HIV test. Other risk factors include having sex with multiple partners without a condom, sharing equipment to inject drugs, or exchanging sex for money or items. </p></div><div><div data-preamp="serena-chatbot"></div></div><div><p>The <hl-trusted-source source="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/self-testing.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)</a></hl-trusted-source> encourage people to see self-testing for HIV as a <hl-trusted-source source="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/policies/data/self-testing-issue-brief.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">first step</a></hl-trusted-source>. If the result is positive, the person should speak with a healthcare professional for another test to <a href="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-testing/learn-about-hiv-testing/hiv-testing-overview" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">confirm</a> the result. </p></div><div><p>It is also essential to use an approved kit and follow the instructions carefully.</p></div><div class="css-20w1gi"><aside class="css-0 css-0" data-testid="sticky-inline-ad" data-sticky="false"><div><div data-empty="true" class="css-1sq15os"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="inline2__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="inline2__slot" data-ad="true" class="css-1t05dkn"></div></div></div></aside></div></div><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="what-is-it">What is HIV?</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system. People <hl-trusted-source source="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-transmission/ways-people-get-hiv.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">commonly</a></hl-trusted-source> contract this virus through anal or vaginal sex, or by sharing needles and syringes. People who are pregnant can also transmit the virus to their babies.</p></div><div><p><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/17131" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Learn more about HIV and AIDs here.</a></p></div><div><p>If a person does not get treatment for HIV, it can lead to AIDS. While HIV is not curable, people can reduce the likelihood of transmission to others through medication and by ensuring they use barrier methods of contraception when having sex.</p></div><div><p>Some individuals undergo HIV screening every so often, while others seek tests only after possible exposure. Healthcare professionals also test for <a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/17131" class="content-link css-90fpmc">HIV</a> during pregnancy.</p></div><div><p>People can receive testing from doctor’s offices, city health clinics, and other clinical settings. Some of these places may offer free or low cost screenings. However, people can also use at-home test kits.</p></div><div><p>People commonly test themselves with screening methods that have approval from the <hl-trusted-source source="World Health Organization" rationale="Highly respected international organization"><a href="https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-CDS-HIV-19.36" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">World Health Organization (WHO)</a></hl-trusted-source>. The convenience and privacy these kits offer <hl-trusted-source source="BMC/BioMed Central" rationale="Peer reviewed journal"><a href="https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-020-01835-z" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">can encourage</a></hl-trusted-source> individuals to test, meaning more people living with HIV receive treatment and take prompt precautions. </p></div><div><p><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316316" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Learn how to use HIV tests here.</a></p></div><div><div id="widget_call_out_fd0e1a76-e1e3-4eda-ae81-97e12731d4d6" class="css-jyr0cb"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div class="css-11m4ja7"><div class="css-xqvouu"><h3 class="css-b9vh1e">HIV and AIDS resources</h3><div class="css-1hpp2pt"><p class="standout--body">For more in-depth information and resources on HIV and AIDS, visit our <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/hiv-and-aids" target="_blank" class="content-link css-90fpmc">dedicated hub</a>.</p></div></div></div><div class="css-1uwjw6e"><div></div><div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="test-types">Types of HIV at-home tests</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>Home testing for HIV might involve self-sampling or self-testing.</p></div><div><p>The most reliable self-sampling test, <a href="https://oraquick.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">OraQuick</a>, has approval from the <hl-trusted-source source="Food and Drug Administration (FDA)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/facts-about-home-hiv-testing" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Food and Drug Administration (FDA)</a></hl-trusted-source>.</p></div><div><p>These self-tests look for virus antibodies — foreign substances that trigger a response from the immune system. </p></div><div><p><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/at-home-hiv-tests" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Learn more about the best at-home HIV tests and where to buy them here.</a></p></div><div><h3>Self-sampling</h3></div><div><ul><li><strong>Sample type:</strong> blood, urine, or saliva</li><li><strong>Results time:</strong> usually a few days</li></ul></div><div><p><a href="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-testing/learn-about-hiv-testing/hiv-testing-overview" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Self-sampling kits</a> contain equipment for collecting a sample of blood, urine, or saliva. </p></div><div><p>A person typically mails their sample to the lab, which returns the result either to them or their healthcare professional after a few days. These tests are highly sensitive and can provide accurate results soon after exposure.</p></div><div><p>However, there are no FDA-approved self-sampling kits. With this in mind, a person should look for kits that undergo processing by labs meeting <hl-trusted-source source="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/clia/LabSearch.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments</a></hl-trusted-source> standards. </p></div><div><h3>Self-testing</h3></div><div><ul><li><strong>Sample type:</strong> saliva</li><li><strong>Results time:</strong> 20–40 minutes</li></ul></div><div><p>A person can perform a rapid test at home. The <a href="https://oraquick.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">OraQuick In-Home HIV test</a> is the only option with full <hl-trusted-source source="Food and Drug Administration (FDA)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/facts-about-home-hiv-testing" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">FDA</a></hl-trusted-source> approval. It involves taking a saliva swab and produces results in 20–40 minutes. </p></div><div><p>However, this test is less reliable than self-sampling, and the FDA only recommends further testing after this screening.</p></div><div><p>These self-tests should also not replace medical care from a healthcare professional. A person should always speak with a doctor about obtaining a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment.</p></div><div><p>An older test called the Home Access HIV-1 Test Service underwent discontinuation in 2019.</p></div><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="effectiveness">How effective are they?</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>No HIV test is 100% accurate. However, using one correctly improves the chances of getting an accurate result.</p></div><div><p>One factor to consider is how much time has passed between the possible exposure and the test, known as the “window period.”</p></div><div><p>HIV only becomes detectable on a test after some time. A person can take a self-test <a href="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-testing/learn-about-hiv-testing/hiv-testing-overview" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">23–90 days</a> after exposure to the virus.</p></div><div><p>However, having a negative test result does not always mean a person does not have HIV. It can take up to 90 days, or rarely, longer, after exposure for the test to return positive results, so it is important to keep testing.</p></div><div><p>Tests that use blood from a vein may detect HIV earlier. However, these are only available from healthcare professionals.</p></div><div><h3><br>Self-sampling</h3></div><div><p><a href="https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/how-accurate-are-self-sampling-kits-hiv" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">NAM</a>, an HIV charity from the United Kingdom, notes that, while there is little published evidence to confirm this, tests with samples that go to a lab are likely to be accurate. However, it adds that any results require confirmation with further tests.</p></div><div><p>Factors that may reduce the accuracy include:</p></div><div><ul><li>not leaving time for the cleaning alcohol to dry on the skin before taking the sample</li><li>not collecting enough blood</li><li>delays in sending samples</li><li>exposure of the sample to extreme weather conditions</li></ul></div><div><h3><br>Self-testing</h3></div><div><p>In a few cases — around <hl-trusted-source source="Food and Drug Administration (FDA)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/facts-about-home-hiv-testing" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">1 in 5,000</a></hl-trusted-source> — the OraQuick test may produce a false-positive result. <br><br>Moreover, in around 1 in 12 cases, it produces a false-negative result. In other words, it will show that HIV is not present when it is.</p></div><div><p>A false-negative result may occur if a person uses the test within 3 months, or possibly longer, after exposure to the virus. It can also occur while a person is taking medication to manage or prevent HIV transmission.</p></div><div><p>This is one reason why the FDA considers home testing to be just a first step toward an accurate result.</p></div><div><p>In optimal conditions, at-home tests fair well. A <hl-trusted-source source="PubMed Central" rationale="Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29703707/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">2018 meta-analysis</a></hl-trusted-source> of 25 international studies found that untrained individuals taking rapid self-tests to detect HIV gained results in agreement with tests involving healthcare professionals. However, blood-based tests had higher specificity and sensitivity than saliva tests.<br><br>The analysis concluded that self-testers can reliably and accurately perform HIV rapid diagnostic tests compared with trained healthcare workers.</p></div></div><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="cost-and-availability">Cost and availability</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>HIV home testing kits are available without a prescription:</p></div><div><ul><li>online</li><li>at pharmacies</li><li>through healthcare professionals</li><li>through some community-based organizations</li><li>from laboratories</li></ul></div><div><p>Before buying a test online, a person should check what that test involves. Additionally, some tests are not available in every state.</p></div><div><p>OraQuick is available for purchase through the company’s <a href="http://www.oraquick.com/where-to-buy" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">website</a>. The cost is currently $38.99, plus shipping and handling. The company uses unmarked packaging to preserve user privacy. </p></div><div><p>In early 2022, California became the first U.S. state to require private insurers to cover HIV self-tests. Many cities and states will also send free tests to those who request them <a href="https://www.greaterthan.org/at-home-test-kit-programs/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">by mail</a>.</p></div><div><p><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/at-home-hiv-tests" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Learn more about HIV self-tests for purchase.</a></p></div><div class="css-20w1gi"><aside class="css-0 css-0" data-testid="sticky-inline-ad" data-sticky="false"><div><div data-empty="true" class="css-1sq15os"><div class="css-1hjaa0k"><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><div id="inline11__slot" data-adbridg-ad-class="inline11__slot" data-ad="true" class="css-1t05dkn"></div></div></div></aside></div></div><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="who-and-when">Who should use them and when?</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>Reasons for choosing a home test might include:</p></div><div><ul><li>a need for privacy</li><li>limited access to healthcare facilities</li><li>limited time for visiting these facilities</li><li>limitations on movement and facilities due to COVID-19</li><li>having a known HIV risk factor and testing regularly</li></ul></div><div><p>Anyone who may have had exposure to HIV should take a test. However, if a person knows they have had acute HIV exposure or experienced sexual assault and have concerns about sexually transmitted infections (STIs), they should seek medical care. There is <a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/prep-for-hiv" class="content-link css-90fpmc">postexposure prophylaxis</a> that can help prevent HIV. <br><br>Within 2–4 weeks of contracting HIV, some people <hl-trusted-source source="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">experience</a></hl-trusted-source>: </p></div><div><ul><li>swollen <a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324105" class="content-link css-90fpmc">lymph nodes</a> or glands</li><li>swollen tonsils</li><li>mouth sores</li><li><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158634" class="content-link css-90fpmc">diarrhea</a></li><li><a class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords" title="What causes fatigue, and how can I treat it?" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248002.php">fatigue</a></li><li>a rash</li><li>muscle aches</li><li><a class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords" title="What to know about strep throat" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/155412.php">a sore throat</a></li><li><a class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords" title="Fever: What you need to know" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/168266.php">a fever</a>, sweating, and chills</li></ul></div><div><p>These could be symptoms of <a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316329" class="content-link css-90fpmc">acute HIV infection</a>, the earliest stage. The symptoms may disappear after a few days. However, they can last several weeks.</p></div><div><p>While these symptoms may often be similar to symptoms of the flu or other viral illnesses, it is important to test for HIV if a person also has any risk factors for contracting this virus.</p></div><div><p>People should <hl-trusted-source source="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/getting-tested.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">also test</a></hl-trusted-source> if there is a diagnosis of:</p></div><div><ul><li><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/246491.php" class="content-link css-90fpmc">an STI</a></li><li>hepatitis</li><li><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8856.php" class="content-link css-90fpmc">tuberculosis</a></li></ul></div><div><p><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315928" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Learn more about the early signs and symptoms of HIV.</a></p></div></div><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="results">What do the results mean?</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>Whatever the result of a home test, a person usually needs to follow up with a test at a clinic. Until this second test confirms the result, individuals need to take precautions to prevent the transmission of the virus.</p></div><div><p>If confirmation testing gives a <hl-trusted-source source="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/positive-hiv-results.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">positive result</a></hl-trusted-source>, a person should:</p></div><div><ul><li>make a treatment plan with a healthcare professional</li><li>receive testing for other STIs and TB</li><li>take steps to protect overall health, such as attending to any other health issues and following a nutritious diet</li><li>seek counseling and support.</li><li>talk with any sexual partners about undergoing testing</li><li><a class="content-link css-90fpmc keywords" title="Ten tips for giving up smoking" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/241302.php">quit smoking</a> and limit the use of alcohol and any recreational drugs, if applicable</li><li>receive help for any substance misuse disorder, if applicable</li></ul></div><div><p>Ways to prevent transmission of the virus include:</p></div><div><ul><li><hl-trusted-source source="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-prevention/protect-yourself-during-sex.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">using condoms</a></hl-trusted-source> or dental dams during any sexual activities</li><li>talking openly with partners about HIV</li><li>taking medications as a doctor recommends</li><li>discussing the use of <hl-trusted-source source="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/prep/prep-effectiveness.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">preexposure medications</a></hl-trusted-source> with sexual partners who have not had positive test results</li><li>if applicable, not sharing needles or any drug equipment</li></ul></div><div><p>HIV is a lifelong condition. However, current treatments can dramatically reduce the condition’s effects on a person’s health and lifestyle, especially with prompt treatment.</p></div><div><p>Antiretroviral therapy can reduce levels of the virus in the body so that they are no longer detectable. At this point, the virus <a href="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-treatment-basics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">cannot transmit</a> to another person.</p></div><div><p><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323981" class="content-link css-90fpmc">What is it like to live with HIV?</a></p></div><div><script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [{ "@type": "Question", "name": "How soon can OraQuick detect HIV?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "The CDC states that antibody tests, such as OraQuick, may be able to detect HIV in a person within 23–90 days after exposure." } },{ "@type": "Question", "name": "Is an oral HIV test accurate?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "The FDA states that the OraQuick test is 92% sensitive to HIV antibodies. This means that this oral test would return a false negative in 1 out of 12 tests. The organization goes on to state that this particular test has 99.98% specificity, which means that 1 in 5,000 tests will return a false positive. However, a test's accuracy depends on whether a person has HIV antibodies present. While these antibodies can take up to 6 months to develop, up to 97% of people will have HIV antibodies within 3 months of contracting HIV." } },{ "@type": "Question", "name": "How do I tell a partner I have HIV?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "A person may find it difficult to tell a partner about their positive HIV status. However, it is very important to share this information as any potential partners will require testing too. Additionally, people can discuss sex practices that may help reduce transmission. People should ensure the conversation with a potential partner takes place in a safe space to reduce any anxiety. The conversation about HIV status should occur when all people have the time to discuss it, so it is important to do so when there are no other plans. A person may wish to make a list of the topics they would like to discuss. Examples include when they first received a positive test and any medication they take to reduce transmission. A partner is likely to have questions. It is important for both parties to listen and address any concerns. It is possible that some people will need to stop the conversation and continue it at a later date. It is important to remember that people can turn to a healthcare professional for more advice on navigating a sexual or romantic relationship when one or more individuals have HIV." } }] } </script></div><div id="hl-incontent-video-ad" data-adbridg-ad-class="hl-incontent" class="css-pp6cpn"></div><div id="div-gpt-ad-out-of-page"></div></div><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="faq">Frequently asked questions about at-home HIV tests</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>Below, we answer some common questions about these tests.</p></div><div><h3>How soon can OraQuick detect HIV?</h3></div><div><p>The CDC states that antibody tests, such as OraQuick, may be able to detect HIV in a person within <hl-trusted-source source="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/hiv-window-period.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">23–90</a></hl-trusted-source> days after exposure. </p></div><div><h3>Is an oral HIV test accurate?</h3></div><div><p>The FDA states that the OraQuick test is <hl-trusted-source source="Food and Drug Administration (FDA)" rationale="Governmental authority"><a href="https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/approved-blood-products/information-regarding-oraquick-home-hiv-test" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="content-link css-90fpmc">92% sensitive</a></hl-trusted-source> to HIV antibodies. This means that this oral test would return a false negative in 1 out of 12 tests.</p></div><div><p>The organization goes on to state that this particular test has 99.98% specificity, which means that 1 in 5,000 tests will return a false positive.</p></div><div><p>However, a test’s accuracy depends on whether a person has HIV antibodies present. While these antibodies can take up to 6 months to develop, up to 97% of people will have HIV antibodies within 3 months of contracting HIV.</p></div><div><h3>How do I tell a partner I have HIV?</h3></div><div><p>A person may find it difficult to tell a partner about their positive HIV status. However, it is very important to share this information as any potential partners will require testing too. Additionally, people can discuss sex practices that may help reduce transmission.</p></div><div><p>People should ensure the conversation with a potential partner takes place in a safe space to reduce any anxiety. The conversation about HIV status should occur when all people have the time to discuss it, so it is important to do so when there are no other plans.</p></div><div><p>A person may wish to make a list of the topics they would like to discuss. Examples include when they first received a positive test and any medication they take to reduce transmission.</p></div><div><p>A partner is likely to have questions. It is important for both parties to listen and address any concerns. It is possible that some people will need to stop the conversation and continue it at a later date.</p></div><div><p>It is important to remember that people can turn to a healthcare professional for more advice on navigating a sexual or romantic relationship when one or more individuals have HIV. </p></div></div><div data-testid="tabbed-article-section" class="css-1avyp1d"><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><h2><div><a class="chartbeat-section" name="summary">Summary</a></div></h2></div><span style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><div><p>Self-testing for HIV might involve using a saliva swab and waiting 20–40 minutes for a result. It may also involve taking a sample of blood, saliva, or urine and sending it to a lab for diagnosis.</p></div><div><p>Self-testing can give a person an idea of their HIV status. However, the result needs confirmation with a test from a healthcare professional.</p></div><div><p>Always follow the testing instructions closely to increase the chances of an accurate result.</p></div><div><p><a href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/es/prueba-de-vih-casera" class="content-link css-90fpmc">Read this article in Spanish.</a></p></div></div></article><span class="css-zya54r"></span></div><p data-testid="last-medically-reviewed" class="css-1kir5of"><span> </span></p><div class="css-5b5f7q"><ul><li itemProp="genre"><a class="css-90fpmc" data-event="Navigation|article tag click|Blood / Hematology" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/blood">Blood / Hematology</a></li><li itemProp="genre"><a class="css-90fpmc" data-event="Navigation|article tag click|HIV and AIDS" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/hiv-aids">HIV and AIDS</a></li><li itemProp="genre"><a class="css-90fpmc" data-event="Navigation|article tag click|Medical Devices / Diagnostics" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/medical_devices">Medical Devices / Diagnostics</a></li><li itemProp="genre"><a class="css-90fpmc" data-event="Navigation|article tag click|Personal Monitoring / Wearable Technology" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/categories/personal-monitoring">Personal Monitoring / Wearable Technology</a></li></ul></div><div><div class="css-140fa3i"><div class="css-15lc7zf"><h3 id="bylineArticleTools">How we reviewed this article:</h3><div class="css-1g9ioi4"><button type="button" class="css-kxscys"><div class="css-rre5oz"><span class="css-1d75hb8"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 10C0 4.477 4.477 0 10 0s10 4.477 10 10-4.477 10-10 10S0 15.523 0 10Zm18.5 0a8.5 8.5 0 1 0-17 0 8.5 8.5 0 0 0 17 0ZM10 4c-.823 0-1.5.677-1.5 1.518C8.5 6.323 9.177 7 10 7c.841 0 1.5-.677 1.5-1.482A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 10 4Zm0 4.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1V15a1 1 0 1 1-2 0V9.5a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span><span>Sources</span></div></button></div><div class="css-une8nx"><div class="css-1xn3edc css-1rkrrlx"><div id="article-resources" role="region" class="css-1ugaz02"><div class="css-0">Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We only use quality, credible sources to ensure content accuracy and integrity. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our <a class="css-90fpmc" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/process">editorial policy</a>.</div><ul class="css-1vedeqe"><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Free HIV self-test programs. (2022).</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.greaterthan.org/at-home-test-kit-programs/">https://www.greaterthan.org/at-home-test-kit-programs/</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>HIV. (2021).</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html">https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>HIV-1 test service discontinued. (n.d.).</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.homeaccess.com/hiv-1-test-service-discontinued/">https://www.homeaccess.com/hiv-1-test-service-discontinued/</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>HIV testing overview. (2020).</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-testing/learn-about-hiv-testing/hiv-testing-overview">https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-testing/learn-about-hiv-testing/hiv-testing-overview</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>HIV treatment: The basics. (2021).</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-treatment-basics">https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-treatment-basics</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>How accurate are self-sampling kits for HIV? (2022).</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/how-accurate-are-self-sampling-kits-hiv">https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/how-accurate-are-self-sampling-kits-hiv</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Information regarding the OraQuick In-Home HIV Test. (2020).</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/approved-blood-products/information-regarding-oraquick-home-hiv-test">https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/approved-blood-products/information-regarding-oraquick-home-hiv-test</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>PrEP effectiveness. (2021).</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/prep/prep-effectiveness.html">https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/prep/prep-effectiveness.html</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Protect yourself during sex. (2021). </span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-prevention/protect-yourself-during-sex.html">https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-prevention/protect-yourself-during-sex.html</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>The role of HIV self-testing in ending the HIV epidemic. (2022).</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/policies/data/self-testing-issue-brief.html">https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/policies/data/self-testing-issue-brief.html</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Self-testing. (2021).</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/self-testing.html">https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/self-testing.html</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Should I get tested for HIV? (2022).</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/getting-tested.html">https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/getting-tested.html</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Understanding a positive result. (2022). </span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/positive-hiv-results.html">https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/positive-hiv-results.html</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Ways HIV can be transmitted. (2022).</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-transmission/ways-people-get-hiv.html">https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-transmission/ways-people-get-hiv.html</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>What are HIV and AIDS? (2022).</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/what-are-hiv-and-aids">https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/what-are-hiv-and-aids</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>WHO recommends self-testing. (2019). </span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-CDS-HIV-19.36">https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-CDS-HIV-19.36</a></cite></li><li class="css-1ti7iub"><cite><span>Witzel, T. C., <em>et al.</em> (2020). Comparing the effects of HIV self-testing to standard HIV testing for key populations.</span><br/><a class="css-90fpmc css-1ivue52" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-020-01835-z">https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-020-01835-z</a></cite></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="css-2wv3mf" data-testid="share-tools"><p>Share this article</p><div class="css-14uyzrw"><div class="button-wrapper print"><a class="css-xqmvw1 print button icon icon-hl-print" target="_blank" title="Print this page"></a></div><div class="button-wrapper email"><a class="css-xqmvw1 email button icon icon-hl-email" target="_blank" title="Email this page"></a></div><div class="button-wrapper facebook"><a class="css-xqmvw1 facebook button icon icon-hl-facebook" 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css-79elbk" style="margin-top:0"><div class="css-7bezlb"><div class="css-npv6dx"><div data-testid="byline"><section data-testid="byline" class="css-19c5efk"><div class="css-1q67gt9"><div class="css-1edxg1f"><img src="//i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Michaela-Murphy-500x500-Bio.png?w=105&h=105" alt=""/></div></div><div><span><span><a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Medically reviewed</a> by <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Michaela Murphy, PA-C</a></span></span> — <span><span><span><span>Written by <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Danielle Dresden</a></span></span></span><span><span><span> and <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Suzy Davenport</a></span></span></span></span> — <a class="css-90fpmc css-ro87dg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span> Updated on October 31, 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style="font-size:0;line-height:0"></span><figure class="css-1pvwan1"><a class="css-xqmvw1" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/hiv-nonreactive;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|1" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What is a nonreactive HIV test result?|rn0" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hiv-nonreactive?utm_source=ReadNext" aria-label="image-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" data-testid="image-link" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="css-79elbk"><span class="css-rwmw5v css-1pf0x3y"><span class="css-1767n2d"><lazy-image alt="What is a nonreactive HIV test result?" src="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/04/GettyImages-521644062_thumb.jpg" srcSet="https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/04/GettyImages-521644062_thumb.jpg 200w" className="css-1lyqwde"></lazy-image></span></span><span class="css-1fb1nmp"><span 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css-v34bze" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/hiv-nonreactive;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|1" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|What is a nonreactive HIV test result?|rn0" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hiv-nonreactive?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="text-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1">Getting a nonreactive result from an HIV test does not necessarily mean a person has tested negative. 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className="css-1lyqwde"></lazy-image></span></span><span class="css-1fb1nmp"><span class="css-a10gts"></span></span></div></a></figure><div class="css-u8uhak"><a class="css-xqmvw1 css-i4o77u" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/drugs-genvoya-interactions;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|4" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Genvoya interactions: Alcohol, medications, and other factors|rn3" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-genvoya-interactions?utm_source=ReadNext" data-testid="title-link" data-ga4="Read Next button clicks">Genvoya interactions: Alcohol, medications, and other factors</a><p><a class="css-2fdibo css-v34bze" data-event="engagement|bottom page content promo click|/articles/drugs-genvoya-interactions;engagement|bottom page content promo click index|4" data-element-event="INTERNAL LINK|FOOTER|Any Page|Read This Next|LINK|Genvoya interactions: Alcohol, medications, and other 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class=\"css-yhe8zq\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"css-rwmw5v\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"css-mjp0j9\"\u003e\u003cpicture class=\"css-16pk1is\"\u003e\u003csource srcSet=\"//i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/10/2118957-How-to-test-for-HIV-using-an-at-home-test-kit-1296x728-Header-1074a7-1024x575.jpg?w=1575 750w\" media=\"(min-width: 1190px)\"/\u003e\u003csource srcSet=\"//i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/10/2118957-How-to-test-for-HIV-using-an-at-home-test-kit-1296x728-Header-1074a7-1024x575.jpg?w=1575 750w\" media=\"(min-width: 990px)\"/\u003e\u003csource srcSet=\"//i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/10/2118957-How-to-test-for-HIV-using-an-at-home-test-kit-1296x728-Header-1074a7-1024x575.jpg?w=1845 879w\" media=\"(min-width: 768px)\"/\u003e\u003cimg src=\"//i0.wp.com/post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/10/2118957-How-to-test-for-HIV-using-an-at-home-test-kit-1296x728-Header-1074a7-1024x575.jpg?w=1155\u0026h=1528\" alt=\"A male sitting on a rug preparing to perform a finger-prick blood test to screen for HIV. A glass of water is on the rug next to him.\" class=\"css-1jytyml\"/\u003e\u003c/picture\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003chl-share-overlay class=\"css-1mqo1cs\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"css-90fpmc icon-hl-pinterest css-by55vd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" data-event=\"Any Page|Image Pinterest Click|Icon Clicked\" data-element-event=\"OPEN|CONTENTBLOCK|Any Page|Article Body|BUTTON|Image Widget Pinterest Click|\" href=\"https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F316316\u0026media=https%3A%2F%2Fpost.medicalnewstoday.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F3%2F2022%2F10%2F2118957-How-to-test-for-HIV-using-an-at-home-test-kit-1296x728-Header-1074a7-1024x575.jpg\u0026description=Home%20HIV%20test%20kits%3A%20Types%2C%20effectiveness%2C%20cost%2C%20and%20what%20to%20expect\" title=\"Share on Pinterest\" data-pin-custom=\"true\" data-share-url=\"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/10/2118957-How-to-test-for-HIV-using-an-at-home-test-kit-1296x728-Header-1074a7-1024x575.jpg\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"css-z1zfa\"\u003eShare on Pinterest\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-share-overlay\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/getting-tested.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eRoutine testing\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e is essential for anyone with known HIV risk factors, such as sex with more than one partner since their last HIV test. Other risk factors include having sex with multiple partners without a condom, sharing equipment to inject drugs, or exchanging sex for money or items. "},{"tagName":"div","attributes":{"data-preamp":"serena-chatbot"},"source":""},{"tagName":"p","source":"The \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/self-testing.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e encourage people to see self-testing for HIV as a \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/policies/data/self-testing-issue-brief.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003efirst step\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e. If the result is positive, the person should speak with a healthcare professional for another test to \u003ca href=\"https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-testing/learn-about-hiv-testing/hiv-testing-overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003econfirm\u003c/a\u003e the result. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"It is also essential to use an approved kit and follow the instructions carefully."}]},{"id":"what-is-it","title":"What is it?","isCollapsable":false,"header":["What is HIV?"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system. People \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-transmission/ways-people-get-hiv.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ecommonly\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e contract this virus through anal or vaginal sex, or by sharing needles and syringes. People who are pregnant can also transmit the virus to their babies."},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/17131\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eLearn more about HIV and AIDs here.\u003c/a\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"If a person does not get treatment for HIV, it can lead to AIDS. While HIV is not curable, people can reduce the likelihood of transmission to others through medication and by ensuring they use barrier methods of contraception when having sex."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Some individuals undergo HIV screening every so often, while others seek tests only after possible exposure. Healthcare professionals also test for \u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/17131\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eHIV\u003c/a\u003e during pregnancy."},{"tagName":"p","source":"People can receive testing from doctor’s offices, city health clinics, and other clinical settings. Some of these places may offer free or low cost screenings. However, people can also use at-home test kits."},{"tagName":"p","source":"People commonly test themselves with screening methods that have approval from the \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"World Health Organization\" rationale=\"Highly respected international organization\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-CDS-HIV-19.36\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eWorld Health Organization (WHO)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e. The convenience and privacy these kits offer \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"BMC/BioMed Central\" rationale=\"Peer reviewed journal\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-020-01835-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ecan encourage\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e individuals to test, meaning more people living with HIV receive treatment and take prompt precautions. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316316\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eLearn how to use HIV tests here.\u003c/a\u003e"},{"widget":{"widgetFormat":"widget-call-out","items":[{"headerTitle":["HIV and AIDS resources"],"content":[{"tagName":"p","attributes":{"className":"standout--body"},"source":"For more in-depth information and resources on HIV and AIDS, visit our \u003ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/hiv-and-aids\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ededicated hub\u003c/a\u003e."}]}]},"brandPage":{}}]},{"id":"test-types","title":"Test types","isCollapsable":false,"header":["Types of HIV at-home tests"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"Home testing for HIV might involve self-sampling or self-testing."},{"tagName":"p","source":"The most reliable self-sampling test, \u003ca href=\"https://oraquick.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eOraQuick\u003c/a\u003e, has approval from the \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Food and Drug Administration (FDA)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/facts-about-home-hiv-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eFood and Drug Administration (FDA)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e."},{"tagName":"p","source":"These self-tests look for virus antibodies — foreign substances that trigger a response from the immune system. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/at-home-hiv-tests\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eLearn more about the best at-home HIV tests and where to buy them here.\u003c/a\u003e"},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Self-sampling"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSample type:\u003c/strong\u003e blood, urine, or saliva\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults time:\u003c/strong\u003e usually a few days\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-testing/learn-about-hiv-testing/hiv-testing-overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eSelf-sampling kits\u003c/a\u003e contain equipment for collecting a sample of blood, urine, or saliva. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"A person typically mails their sample to the lab, which returns the result either to them or their healthcare professional after a few days. These tests are highly sensitive and can provide accurate results soon after exposure."},{"tagName":"p","source":"However, there are no FDA-approved self-sampling kits. With this in mind, a person should look for kits that undergo processing by labs meeting \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/clia/LabSearch.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eClinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e standards. "},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Self-testing"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSample type:\u003c/strong\u003e saliva\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults time:\u003c/strong\u003e 20–40 minutes\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"A person can perform a rapid test at home. The \u003ca href=\"https://oraquick.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eOraQuick In-Home HIV test\u003c/a\u003e is the only option with full \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Food and Drug Administration (FDA)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/facts-about-home-hiv-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eFDA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e approval. It involves taking a saliva swab and produces results in 20–40 minutes. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"However, this test is less reliable than self-sampling, and the FDA only recommends further testing after this screening."},{"tagName":"p","source":"These self-tests should also not replace medical care from a healthcare professional. A person should always speak with a doctor about obtaining a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment."},{"tagName":"p","source":"An older test called the Home Access HIV-1 Test Service underwent discontinuation in 2019."}]},{"id":"effectiveness","title":"Effectiveness","isCollapsable":false,"header":["How effective are they?"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"No HIV test is 100% accurate. However, using one correctly improves the chances of getting an accurate result."},{"tagName":"p","source":"One factor to consider is how much time has passed between the possible exposure and the test, known as the “window period.”"},{"tagName":"p","source":"HIV only becomes detectable on a test after some time. A person can take a self-test \u003ca href=\"https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-testing/learn-about-hiv-testing/hiv-testing-overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003e23–90 days\u003c/a\u003e after exposure to the virus."},{"tagName":"p","source":"However, having a negative test result does not always mean a person does not have HIV. It can take up to 90 days, or rarely, longer, after exposure for the test to return positive results, so it is important to keep testing."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Tests that use blood from a vein may detect HIV earlier. However, these are only available from healthcare professionals."},{"tagName":"h3","source":"\u003cbr\u003eSelf-sampling"},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/how-accurate-are-self-sampling-kits-hiv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eNAM\u003c/a\u003e, an HIV charity from the United Kingdom, notes that, while there is little published evidence to confirm this, tests with samples that go to a lab are likely to be accurate. However, it adds that any results require confirmation with further tests."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Factors that may reduce the accuracy include:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003enot leaving time for the cleaning alcohol to dry on the skin before taking the sample\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003enot collecting enough blood\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003edelays in sending samples\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eexposure of the sample to extreme weather conditions\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"h3","source":"\u003cbr\u003eSelf-testing"},{"tagName":"p","source":"In a few cases — around \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Food and Drug Administration (FDA)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/facts-about-home-hiv-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003e1 in 5,000\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e — the OraQuick test may produce a false-positive result. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMoreover, in around 1 in 12 cases, it produces a false-negative result. In other words, it will show that HIV is not present when it is."},{"tagName":"p","source":"A false-negative result may occur if a person uses the test within 3 months, or possibly longer, after exposure to the virus. It can also occur while a person is taking medication to manage or prevent HIV transmission."},{"tagName":"p","source":"This is one reason why the FDA considers home testing to be just a first step toward an accurate result."},{"tagName":"p","source":"In optimal conditions, at-home tests fair well. A \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"PubMed Central\" rationale=\"Highly respected database from the National Institutes of Health\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29703707/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003e2018 meta-analysis\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e of 25 international studies found that untrained individuals taking rapid self-tests to detect HIV gained results in agreement with tests involving healthcare professionals. However, blood-based tests had higher specificity and sensitivity than saliva tests.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe analysis concluded that self-testers can reliably and accurately perform HIV rapid diagnostic tests compared with trained healthcare workers."}]},{"id":"cost-and-availability","title":"Cost and availability","isCollapsable":false,"header":["Cost and availability"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"HIV home testing kits are available without a prescription:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003eonline\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eat pharmacies\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ethrough healthcare professionals\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ethrough some community-based organizations\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003efrom laboratories\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Before buying a test online, a person should check what that test involves. Additionally, some tests are not available in every state."},{"tagName":"p","source":"OraQuick is available for purchase through the company’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.oraquick.com/where-to-buy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ewebsite\u003c/a\u003e. The cost is currently $38.99, plus shipping and handling. The company uses unmarked packaging to preserve user privacy. "},{"tagName":"p","source":"In early 2022, California became the first U.S. state to require private insurers to cover HIV self-tests. Many cities and states will also send free tests to those who request them \u003ca href=\"https://www.greaterthan.org/at-home-test-kit-programs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eby mail\u003c/a\u003e."},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/at-home-hiv-tests\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eLearn more about HIV self-tests for purchase.\u003c/a\u003e"}]},{"id":"who-and-when","title":"Who and when?","isCollapsable":false,"header":["Who should use them and when?"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"Reasons for choosing a home test might include:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003ea need for privacy\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003elimited access to healthcare facilities\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003elimited time for visiting these facilities\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003elimitations on movement and facilities due to COVID-19\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ehaving a known HIV risk factor and testing regularly\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Anyone who may have had exposure to HIV should take a test. However, if a person knows they have had acute HIV exposure or experienced sexual assault and have concerns about sexually transmitted infections (STIs), they should seek medical care. There is \u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/prep-for-hiv\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003epostexposure prophylaxis\u003c/a\u003e that can help prevent HIV. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWithin 2–4 weeks of contracting HIV, some people \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eexperience\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e: "},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003eswollen \u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324105\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003elymph nodes\u003c/a\u003e or glands\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eswollen tonsils\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003emouth sores\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158634\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ediarrhea\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\" title=\"What causes fatigue, and how can I treat it?\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248002.php\"\u003efatigue\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ea rash\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003emuscle aches\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\" title=\"What to know about strep throat\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/155412.php\"\u003ea sore throat\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\" title=\"Fever: What you need to know\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/168266.php\"\u003ea fever\u003c/a\u003e, sweating, and chills\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"These could be symptoms of \u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316329\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eacute HIV infection\u003c/a\u003e, the earliest stage. The symptoms may disappear after a few days. However, they can last several weeks."},{"tagName":"p","source":"While these symptoms may often be similar to symptoms of the flu or other viral illnesses, it is important to test for HIV if a person also has any risk factors for contracting this virus."},{"tagName":"p","source":"People should \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/getting-tested.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ealso test\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e if there is a diagnosis of:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/246491.php\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ean STI\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ehepatitis\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/8856.php\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003etuberculosis\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/315928\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eLearn more about the early signs and symptoms of HIV.\u003c/a\u003e"}]},{"id":"results","title":"Results","isCollapsable":false,"header":["What do the results mean?"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"Whatever the result of a home test, a person usually needs to follow up with a test at a clinic. Until this second test confirms the result, individuals need to take precautions to prevent the transmission of the virus."},{"tagName":"p","source":"If confirmation testing gives a \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/positive-hiv-results.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003epositive result\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e, a person should:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003emake a treatment plan with a healthcare professional\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ereceive testing for other STIs and TB\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003etake steps to protect overall health, such as attending to any other health issues and following a nutritious diet\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eseek counseling and support.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003etalk with any sexual partners about undergoing testing\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca class=\"content-link css-90fpmc keywords\" title=\"Ten tips for giving up smoking\" href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/241302.php\"\u003equit smoking\u003c/a\u003e and limit the use of alcohol and any recreational drugs, if applicable\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ereceive help for any substance misuse disorder, if applicable\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"Ways to prevent transmission of the virus include:"},{"tagName":"ul","source":"\u003cli\u003e\u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-prevention/protect-yourself-during-sex.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eusing condoms\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e or dental dams during any sexual activities\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003etalking openly with partners about HIV\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003etaking medications as a doctor recommends\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003ediscussing the use of \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/prep/prep-effectiveness.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003epreexposure medications\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e with sexual partners who have not had positive test results\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eif applicable, not sharing needles or any drug equipment\u003c/li\u003e"},{"tagName":"p","source":"HIV is a lifelong condition. However, current treatments can dramatically reduce the condition’s effects on a person’s health and lifestyle, especially with prompt treatment."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Antiretroviral therapy can reduce levels of the virus in the body so that they are no longer detectable. At this point, the virus \u003ca href=\"https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-treatment-basics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003ecannot transmit\u003c/a\u003e to another person."},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323981\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eWhat is it like to live with HIV?\u003c/a\u003e"},{"tagName":"script","attributes":{"type":"application/ld+json"},"source":"\n{\n \"@context\": \"https://schema.org\",\n \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n \"mainEntity\": [{\n \"@type\": \"Question\",\n \"name\": \"How soon can OraQuick detect HIV?\",\n \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n \"text\": \"The CDC states that antibody tests, such as OraQuick, may be able to detect HIV in a person within 23–90 days after exposure.\"\n }\n },{\n \"@type\": \"Question\",\n \"name\": \"Is an oral HIV test accurate?\",\n \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n \"text\": \"The FDA states that the OraQuick test is 92% sensitive to HIV antibodies. This means that this oral test would return a false negative in 1 out of 12 tests.\nThe organization goes on to state that this particular test has 99.98% specificity, which means that 1 in 5,000 tests will return a false positive.\nHowever, a test's accuracy depends on whether a person has HIV antibodies present. While these antibodies can take up to 6 months to develop, up to 97% of people will have HIV antibodies within 3 months of contracting HIV.\"\n }\n },{\n \"@type\": \"Question\",\n \"name\": \"How do I tell a partner I have HIV?\",\n \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n \"text\": \"A person may find it difficult to tell a partner about their positive HIV status. However, it is very important to share this information as any potential partners will require testing too. Additionally, people can discuss sex practices that may help reduce transmission.\nPeople should ensure the conversation with a potential partner takes place in a safe space to reduce any anxiety. The conversation about HIV status should occur when all people have the time to discuss it, so it is important to do so when there are no other plans.\nA person may wish to make a list of the topics they would like to discuss. Examples include when they first received a positive test and any medication they take to reduce transmission.\nA partner is likely to have questions. It is important for both parties to listen and address any concerns. It is possible that some people will need to stop the conversation and continue it at a later date.\nIt is important to remember that people can turn to a healthcare professional for more advice on navigating a sexual or romantic relationship when one or more individuals have HIV.\"\n }\n }]\n}\n"}]},{"id":"faq","title":"FAQ","isCollapsable":false,"header":["Frequently asked questions about at-home HIV tests"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"Below, we answer some common questions about these tests."},{"tagName":"h3","source":"How soon can OraQuick detect HIV?"},{"tagName":"p","source":"The CDC states that antibody tests, such as OraQuick, may be able to detect HIV in a person within \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/hiv-window-period.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003e23–90\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e days after exposure. "},{"tagName":"h3","source":"Is an oral HIV test accurate?"},{"tagName":"p","source":"The FDA states that the OraQuick test is \u003chl-trusted-source source=\"Food and Drug Administration (FDA)\" rationale=\"Governmental authority\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/approved-blood-products/information-regarding-oraquick-home-hiv-test\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003e92% sensitive\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/hl-trusted-source\u003e to HIV antibodies. This means that this oral test would return a false negative in 1 out of 12 tests."},{"tagName":"p","source":"The organization goes on to state that this particular test has 99.98% specificity, which means that 1 in 5,000 tests will return a false positive."},{"tagName":"p","source":"However, a test’s accuracy depends on whether a person has HIV antibodies present. While these antibodies can take up to 6 months to develop, up to 97% of people will have HIV antibodies within 3 months of contracting HIV."},{"tagName":"h3","source":"How do I tell a partner I have HIV?"},{"tagName":"p","source":"A person may find it difficult to tell a partner about their positive HIV status. However, it is very important to share this information as any potential partners will require testing too. Additionally, people can discuss sex practices that may help reduce transmission."},{"tagName":"p","source":"People should ensure the conversation with a potential partner takes place in a safe space to reduce any anxiety. The conversation about HIV status should occur when all people have the time to discuss it, so it is important to do so when there are no other plans."},{"tagName":"p","source":"A person may wish to make a list of the topics they would like to discuss. Examples include when they first received a positive test and any medication they take to reduce transmission."},{"tagName":"p","source":"A partner is likely to have questions. It is important for both parties to listen and address any concerns. It is possible that some people will need to stop the conversation and continue it at a later date."},{"tagName":"p","source":"It is important to remember that people can turn to a healthcare professional for more advice on navigating a sexual or romantic relationship when one or more individuals have HIV. "}]},{"id":"summary","title":"Summary","isCollapsable":false,"header":["Summary"],"body":[{"tagName":"p","source":"Self-testing for HIV might involve using a saliva swab and waiting 20–40 minutes for a result. It may also involve taking a sample of blood, saliva, or urine and sending it to a lab for diagnosis."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Self-testing can give a person an idea of their HIV status. However, the result needs confirmation with a test from a healthcare professional."},{"tagName":"p","source":"Always follow the testing instructions closely to increase the chances of an accurate result."},{"tagName":"p","source":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/es/prueba-de-vih-casera\" class=\"content-link css-90fpmc\"\u003eRead this article in Spanish.\u003c/a\u003e"}]}],"hasAffiliateLinks":false,"affiliates":[],"isDisclaimer":false,"isOwnedAndOperatedPresent":false,"propsFor":{"articleResources":[{"displayLink":"greaterthan.org/at-home-test-kit-programs/","link":"https://www.greaterthan.org/at-home-test-kit-programs/","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Free HIV self-test programs. (2022)."}},{"displayLink":"cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html","link":"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"HIV. (2021)."}},{"displayLink":"homeaccess.com/hiv-1-test-service-discontinued/","link":"https://www.homeaccess.com/hiv-1-test-service-discontinued/","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"HIV-1 test service discontinued. (n.d.)."}},{"displayLink":"hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-testing/learn-about-hiv-testing/hiv-testing-overview","link":"https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-testing/learn-about-hiv-testing/hiv-testing-overview","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"HIV testing overview. (2020)."}},{"displayLink":"hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-treatment-basics","link":"https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-treatment-basics","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"HIV treatment: The basics. (2021)."}},{"displayLink":"aidsmap.com/about-hiv/how-accurate-are-self-sampling-kits-hiv","link":"https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/how-accurate-are-self-sampling-kits-hiv","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"How accurate are self-sampling kits for HIV? (2022)."}},{"displayLink":"fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/approved-blood-products/information-regarding-oraquick-home-hiv-test","link":"https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/approved-blood-products/information-regarding-oraquick-home-hiv-test","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Information regarding the OraQuick In-Home HIV Test. (2020)."}},{"displayLink":"cdc.gov/hiv/basics/prep/prep-effectiveness.html","link":"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/prep/prep-effectiveness.html","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"PrEP effectiveness. (2021)."}},{"displayLink":"cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-prevention/protect-yourself-during-sex.html","link":"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-prevention/protect-yourself-during-sex.html","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Protect yourself during sex. (2021).\u0026nbsp;"}},{"displayLink":"cdc.gov/hiv/policies/data/self-testing-issue-brief.html","link":"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/policies/data/self-testing-issue-brief.html","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"The role of HIV self-testing in ending the HIV epidemic. (2022)."}},{"displayLink":"cdc.gov/hiv/testing/self-testing.html","link":"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/self-testing.html","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Self-testing. (2021)."}},{"displayLink":"cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/getting-tested.html","link":"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/getting-tested.html","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Should I get tested for HIV? (2022)."}},{"displayLink":"cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/positive-hiv-results.html","link":"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/positive-hiv-results.html","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Understanding a positive result. (2022).\u0026nbsp;"}},{"displayLink":"cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-transmission/ways-people-get-hiv.html","link":"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-transmission/ways-people-get-hiv.html","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Ways HIV can be transmitted. (2022)."}},{"displayLink":"hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/what-are-hiv-and-aids","link":"https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/what-are-hiv-and-aids","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"What are HIV and AIDS? (2022)."}},{"displayLink":"who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-CDS-HIV-19.36","link":"https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-CDS-HIV-19.36","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"WHO recommends self-testing. (2019).\u0026nbsp;"}},{"displayLink":"bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-020-01835-z","link":"https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-020-01835-z","title":{"tagName":"span","source":"Witzel, T. C., \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e (2020). Comparing the effects of HIV self-testing to standard HIV testing for key populations."}}],"byline":{"authors":[{"id":989,"name":{"display":"Danielle Dresden","first":"Danielle","last":"Dresden"},"link":"/authors/danielle-dresden","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eDanielle is a freelance writer, arts educator, and award winning playwright with a master\u0026#8217;s degree in business, which isn’t quite as strange as it sounds. She simply likes taking a creative approach to practical problems, and vice versa. She is one of those people who like to work in coffee shops, and her home base of Madison, WI, has a lot of them.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTo keep up with Danielle, connect with her on \u003ca class=\"\u0026quot;button_followrel=\u0026quot;noopener\" href=\"//www.linkedin.com/in/danielledresden\u0026quot;\" target=\"\u0026quot;_blanktitle=\u0026quot;Follow\"\u003eLinkedIn\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/06/500x500_Danielle_Dresden.png"}},{"id":4961,"name":{"display":"Suzy Davenport","first":"Suzy","last":"Davenport"},"link":"/authors/suzy-davenport","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eSuzy is based in London, in the U.K. Previously, she owned and wrote a mental health blog that provided a platform for people who have had mental health problems to voice their experiences and raise awareness. Suzy also performs regularly and can often be found at the theatre, either in the audience or onstage. In her spare time, Suzy loves baking, reading crime thrillers, and watching TV dramas.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/06/Suzy-Davenport-500x500-Bio.png"}}],"medicalReviewers":[{"id":5474,"name":{"display":"Michaela Murphy, PA-C","first":"Michaela","last":"Murphy, PA-C"},"userLogin":"mmurphy","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/reviewers/michaela-murphy-pa-c","type":{"value":"medical_reviewer","label":"Medical Advisor"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eMichaela Murphy is a nationally certified physician assistant with 15 years of experience in infectious disease, primary and urgent care, and women’s health. She is passionate about patient care, research, writing, mental health, and wellness.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEducation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003ePhiladelphia University (now Thomas Jefferson University), MS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eUniversity of California, Berkeley, BA\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCertifications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eNational Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants (NCCPA)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eRegistered Yoga Teacher\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eBasic Life Support (BLS)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Michaela-Murphy-500x500-Bio.png"}}],"id":"mnt-2118957","updateReason":[],"editor":"Veronica Zambon","factCheckedBy":"","factCheckers":[],"articleHistory":{"2020-09-25":{"updateReason":[],"authors":"Danielle Dresden","editor":"Yvette Brazier","copyEditor":"Gianna D'Emilio"},"2020-09-24":{"medicallyReviewedBy":"Jenneh Rishe, RN"},"2022-04-14":{"updateReason":[],"authors":"Danielle Dresden","editor":"Cheryl S. Grant","copyEditor":"Matt Ng"},"2022-04-15":{"medicallyReviewedBy":"Michaela Murphy, PA-C"},"2022-10-31":{"updateReason":[],"authors":"Danielle Dresden, Suzy Davenport","editor":"Veronica Zambon","copyEditor":"Connor Rice","medicallyReviewedBy":"Michaela Murphy, PA-C"}},"articleDates":{"factChecked":{"date":null,"display":""},"medicallyReviewed":{"date":1667178000,"display":"October 31, 2022"},"published":{"date":1597246793,"display":"August 12, 2020"},"lastUpdates":{"date":1667178000,"display":"October 31, 2022"},"modified":{"date":1667211888,"display":"October 31, 2022"}},"type":"healthfeature","language":"en"},"readNext":{"items":[{"title":["What is a nonreactive HIV test result?"],"text":["Getting a nonreactive result from an HIV test does not necessarily mean a person has tested negative. Learn more here."],"link":"/articles/hiv-nonreactive","imageAlt":"What is a nonreactive HIV test result?","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/04/GettyImages-521644062_thumb.jpg","medicallyReviewedBy":{"reviewerName":"Jill Seladi-Schulman, Ph.D.","reviewerImage":{"path":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/12/JillSeladi-Schulman.png","width":200,"height":200,"altText":""},"specialties":[]},"isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":1552,"name":{"display":"Zia Sherrell, MPH","first":"Zia","last":"Sherrell, MPH"},"userLogin":"zsherrell","links":{"website":"http://www.premiumhealthcontent.com","facebook":"https://www.facebook.com/ziahealthwriter","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/freelance-healthcare-writer/","twitter":"/ziahealthwriter","instagram":"https://www.instagram.com/ziahealthwriter","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/zia-sherrell","type":{"value":"expert","label":"Expert"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003eZia Sherrell is a \u003ca class=\"ProsemirrorEditor-link\" href=\"https://www.premiumhealthcontent.com/common-faq-to-a-health-copywriter\"\u003ehealth copywriter\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca class=\"ProsemirrorEditor-link\" href=\"https://www.premiumhealthcontent.com/about-your-healthcare-copywriter\"\u003edigital health journalist\u003c/a\u003e with over a decade of experience covering diverse topics from public health to medical cannabis, nutrition, and biomedical science. Her mission is to empower and educate people by bringing health matters to life with engaging, evidence-based writing. When she’s not writing, Zia enjoys traveling and chasing after her dogs.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":1380,"height":1449,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/06/cropped.jpg"}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"},{"title":["What to know about rapid, at-home HIV tests"],"text":["Anyone who may have HIV should contact a doctor. An at-home, rapid test can help reduce uncertainty while a person waits for their appointment. Learn…"],"link":"/articles/rapid-hiv-test","imageAlt":"What to know about rapid, at-home HIV tests","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/01/1569224-___1900-MR-MARKET-CLONE___-What-to-know-about-rapid-at-home-HIV-tests-732x549-Feature-732x549.jpg","medicallyReviewedBy":{"reviewerName":"Avi Varma, MD, MPH, AAHIVS, FAAFP","reviewerImage":{"path":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/01/AV-scaled.jpeg","width":200,"height":200,"altText":""}},"isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":1559,"name":{"display":"Mathieu Rees","first":"Mathieu","last":"Rees"},"userLogin":"mrees","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":""},"avatar":{"title":"","src":""}},{"id":5029,"name":{"display":"Kristina Iavarone","first":"Kristina","last":"Iavarone"},"userLogin":"kgalea","links":{"website":"https://kristinagalea.com/","facebook":"","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/kristinaiavarone/","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/kristinaiavarone","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eKristina is a freelance writer and translator who creates content for the English, Maltese and Spanish markets. She specializes in health and wellness but also writes about entrepreneurship and provides tips for people starting their own businesses. When she\u0026#8217;s not writing, she\u0026#8217;s either at a café or exploring new places with her husband.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":800,"height":1000,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2021/03/Untitled-design-2.png"}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"},{"title":["What you need to know about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)"],"text":["Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) usually spread through sexual contact. Here, learn how to recognize, treat, and prevent some common STIs."],"link":"/articles/246491","imageAlt":"What you need to know about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/02/GettyImages-200518456-003_thumb-732x549.jpg","medicallyReviewedBy":{"reviewerName":"Valinda Riggins Nwadike, MD, MPH","reviewerImage":{"path":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2019/12/valinda-riggins-nwadike.jpg","width":200,"height":200,"altText":""},"specialties":[]},"isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":904,"name":{"display":"Adam Felman","first":"Adam","last":"Felman"},"userLogin":"afelman","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/adam-felman","type":{"value":"author","label":"Author"},"nid":"","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003eAdam Felman is an Editor for Medical News Today and Greatist. Outside of work, he is a hearing impaired musician, producer, and rapper who gigs globally. Adam also owns every Nic Cage movie and has a one-eyed hedgehog called Philip K. Prick.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},"avatar":{"title":"","width":500,"height":500,"src":"https://post.medicalnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/06/500x500_Adam_Felman.png"}}],"reviewedByHeader":"Medically reviewed by"},{"title":["Genvoya interactions: Alcohol, medications, and other factors"],"text":["Discover Genvoya drug interactions in depth, when to avoid Genvoya, and more."],"link":"/articles/drugs-genvoya-interactions","imageAlt":"Genvoya interactions: Alcohol, medications, and other factors","thumbnail":"https://media.post.rvohealth.io/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/09/MNT-tablet-732x549-thumbnail-002.jpg","isNutrition":false,"authors":[{"id":1016,"name":{"display":"Amber R. Watson, PharmD","first":"Amber","last":"Watson, PharmD"},"userLogin":"awatson","links":{"website":"","facebook":"","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/amber-watson-pirtle/","twitter":"","instagram":"","tiktok":""},"link":"/authors/amber-watson","type":{"value":"medical_reviewer","label":"Medical Advisor"},"nid":"163797","specialties":[],"guestTitle":"","bio":{"text":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eDr. Amber R. Watson is a pharmacist with specialized training in drug information, medical communication, and clinical data analysis. 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