CINXE.COM

International Student Recruitment in Higher Education: A Comparative Study of the Countries in the Middle East

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script> <!-- Yandex.Metrika counter --> <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript> <!-- /Yandex.Metrika counter --> <!-- Matomo --> <!-- End Matomo Code --> <title>International Student Recruitment in Higher Education: A Comparative Study of the Countries in the Middle East</title> <meta name="description" content="International Student Recruitment in Higher Education: A Comparative Study of the Countries in the Middle East"> <meta name="keywords" content="Internationalization of Higher Education, International Student Recruitment, Countries of the Middle East."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="citation_title" content="International Student Recruitment in Higher Education: A Comparative Study of the Countries in the Middle East"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ali Arabkheradmand"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Enayat A. Shabani"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Shabnam Ranjbar Nikkhoo"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2014/10/02"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical Sciences"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="8"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="10"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="3311"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="3317"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://publications.waset.org/9999667/pdf"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value=""> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 33093</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mt-3 mb-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem">International Student Recruitment in Higher Education: A Comparative Study of the Countries in the Middle East</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20Arabkheradmand">Ali Arabkheradmand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Enayat%20A.%20Shabani"> Enayat A. Shabani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shabnam%20Ranjbar%20Nikkhoo"> Shabnam Ranjbar Nikkhoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Historical and ancestral bonds of the countries in the Middle East have led to similarities in culture and context of their societies. In addition, economical resources, such as the oil industry, have generally been an integrative point in the region. Higher education of a country is influenced by different national and international factors and, regarding the mentioned bonds, it is inviting to study the development of the countries of the Middle East in higher education and draw some practical implications which can be used in the educational policymaking of the region. This review includes a data analysis on the population of international students in the countries of the Middle East. As its second objective, a review study on the successful countries, that is, those which host the highest number of international students, and the strategies they have developed to reach this state among the countries of the region, has been conducted. Suggestions are made as to the strategies in higher education systems of these countries which could prove useful and practical in the development of internationalization of higher education in the region, specifically with regard to the recruitment of international students.</p> <iframe src="https://publications.waset.org/9999667.pdf" style="width:100%; height:400px;" frameborder="0"></iframe> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Internationalization%20of%20Higher%20Education" title="Internationalization of Higher Education">Internationalization of Higher Education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=International%20Student%20Recruitment" title=" International Student Recruitment"> International Student Recruitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Countries%20of%20the%20Middle%20East." title=" Countries of the Middle East."> Countries of the Middle East.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Digital Object Identifier (DOI):</strong> <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1096719" target="_blank">doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1096719</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999667/international-student-recruitment-in-higher-education-a-comparative-study-of-the-countries-in-the-middle-east" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999667/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999667/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999667/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999667/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999667/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999667/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999667/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999667/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999667/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999667/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2256</span> </span> <p class="card-text"><strong>References:</strong></p> <br>[1] Hanover Research, Best Practices in International Student Recruitment and Retention in Anglophone Countries. n.p: n.p, 2010. <br>[2] F. Maringe, and P. Gibbs, Marketing Higher Education: Theory and Practice. Glasgow: Open University Press, 2009. <br>[3] A. Zolfaghari, M. S. Sabran, and A. Zolfaghari, “Internationalization of Higher Education: Challenges, Strategies, Policies and Programs,” USChina Education Review, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 1-9, 2009. <br>[4] C. Baumann, and H. Hamin, “The Role of Culture, Competitiveness and Economic Performance in explaining Academic Performance: A Global Market Analysis for International Student Segmentation,” Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 181-201, 2011. <br>[5] “Global Flow of Tertiary-Level Students,” UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Accessed on July 16, 2014 from http://www.uis.unesco.org/ Education/Pages/international-student-flow-viz.aspx. <br>[6] “Global Flow of Tertiary-Level Students,” UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Accessed on July 16, 2014 from http://www.uis.unesco.org/ Education/Pages/international-student-flow-viz.aspx. <br>[7] “Global Flow of Tertiary-Level Students,” UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Accessed on July 16, 2014 from http://www.uis.unesco.org/ Education/Pages/international-student-flow-viz.aspx. <br>[8] R. Becker, and R. Kolster, International Student Recruitment: Policies and Developments in Selected Countries, The Hague: Nuffic, 2012. <br>[9] “Global Flow of Tertiary-Level Students,” UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Accessed on July 16, 2014 from http://www.uis.unesco.org/ Education/Pages/international-student-flow-viz.aspx. <br>[10] United Arab Emirates National Qualification Authority, The UAE Education System: Overview of Performance in Education. Abu Dhabi: National Qualifications Authority, 2013. <br>[11] UAE Ministry of State for Federal National Council Affairs (MFNCA), Women in the United Arab Emirates: A Portrait of Progress. n.p: n.p, 2013. <br>[12] S. Wilkins, M. S. Balakrishnan, and J. Huisman, “Student satisfaction and student perceptions of quality at international branch campuses in the United Arab Emirates,” Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 543-556, 2012. <br>[13] “Study in the United Arab Emirates,” QS Top Universities. Accessed on June 29, 2014 from http://www.topuniversities.com/where-tostudy/ asia/united-arab-emirates/guide <br>[14] “THE Asia University Rankings,” Times Higher Education. Accessed on September 5, 2014 from http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/ world-university-rankings/2012-13/regional-ranking/region/asia <br>[15] “UAE Student Visa Requirements,” Study in UAE. Accessed on May 16, 2014 from http://www.studyinuae.com/2012/03/uae-student-visarequirements. html <br>[16] S. Wilkins, M. S. Balakrishnan, and J. Huisman, “Student satisfaction and student perceptions of quality at international branch campuses in the United Arab Emirates,” Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 543-556, 2012. <br>[17] “Cost of Living 2014: Dubai among most affordable cities.” Emirates 247. Accessed on August 3, 2014 from http://www.emirates247.com/news/emirates/cost-of-living-2014-dubai-among-most-affordable-cities- 2014-03-05-1.540518 <br>[18] “Cost of living in Germany.” Numbeo. Accessed on July 17, 2014 from http://www.numbeo.com/cost-ofliving/ country_result.jsp?country=Germany <br>[19] Emirates Aviation University, Emirates Aviation University: Tuition Fees 2014-2015. n.p: n.p, n.d. Accessed on August 5, 2014 from https://www.eau.ac.ae/pdf/Fees%202014-2015%20xls.pdf <br>[20] Manipal University Dubai, Fees 2012. n.p: n.p, n.d. Accessed on August 5 2014 from http://www.manipaldubai.com/Admissions/Fees/ Documents/Manipal%20University%20Fee%20Structure%202012.pdf <br>[21] The Emirates Academy of Hospitality Management, Scholarship for Nordic / Scandinavian Full-Time Students who apply for enrollment in Academic Year 2012 / 2013. n.p: n.p, n.d. Accessed on August 6, 2014 from http://education.kilroy.eu/media/3576427/eahm_sept_2012- _july_2013_scandinavian_scholarship_new.pdf <br>[22] “Study for a graduate program in the UAE,” International Graduate. Accessed on September 2, 2014 from http://www.internationalgraduate.net/study-in-uae/ <br>[23] “Guide to living abroad: Abu Dhabi.” The Telegraph. Accessed on May 5, 2014 from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/before-yougo/ 4205606/Guide-to-living-abroad-Abu-Dhabi.html <br>[24] “Study for a graduate program in the UAE,” International Graduate. Accessed on September 2, 2014 from http://www.internationalgraduate.net/study-in-uae/ <br>[25] W. D. Osman, “Higher Education in Egypt and Needed Employability Skills in the Domestic Labor Market: Case Study from Ain Shams University, Faculty Engineering (Unpublished MA Thessis),” The American University of Cairo. Accessed on June 23, 2014 from http://dar.aucegypt.edu/bitstream/handle/10526/2807/Thesis_Wafaa_201 1.pdf?sequence=1 <br>[26] “Education in Egypt,” Higher Education in Egypt. Accessed on July 6, 2014 from http://www-db.in.tum.de/teaching/ws1112/hsufg/Egypt/ Egypt/EducationSystem.html <br>[27] Ibid. <br>[28] “Study in Egypt,” QS Top Universities. Accessed on May 12, 2014 from http://www.topuniversities.com/where-to-study/africa/egypt/guide <br>[29] “Education in Egypt,” Higher Education in Egypt. Accessed on July 6, 2014 from http://www-db.in.tum.de/teaching/ws1112/hsufg/Egypt/ Egypt/EducationSystem.html <br>[30] “Study in Egypt,” QS Top Universities. Accessed on May 12, 2014 from http://www.topuniversities.com/where-to-study/africa/egypt/guide <br>[31] “Requirements,” The American University in Cairo. Accessed on May 6, 2014 from http://www.aucegypt.edu/admissions/undergrad/ req/Pages/default.aspx <br>[32] “Student visas for Egypt,” Just Landed. Accessed on June 3, 2014 from http://www.justlanded.com/english/Egypt/Egypt-Guide/Visas- Permits/Student-visas-for-Egypt <br>[33] American University of Cairo, International Student Handbook. Cairo: American University of Cairo, 2011. <br>[34] “Tuition and Fees,” The American University of Cairo. Accessed on May 8, 2014 from http://www.aucegypt.edu/students/finaff/fees/ pages/tuitionfees.aspx <br>[35] “Study in Egypt,” QS Top Universities. Accessed on May 12, 2014 from http://www.topuniversities.com/where-to-study/africa/egypt/guide <br>[36] “Study for a graduate program in Egypt,” International Graduate. Accessed on September 2, 2014 from http://www.internationalgraduate.net/study-in-egypt <br>[37] M. Alamri, “Higher Education in Saudi Arabia.” Journal of Higher Education and Practice, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 88-91, 2011. <br>[38] Ibid. <br>[39] Ibid. <br>[40] “Education in Saudi Arabia,” World Education News & Reviews. Accessed on April 9, 2014 from http://www.wes.org/ewenr/ 01nov/practical.htm <br>[41] Ibid. <br>[42] “Consular & Travel Services,” Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Washington, D.C. Accessed on May 27, 2014 from http://www.saudiembassy.net/services/student_visa.aspx <br>[43] “Finance and Administration,” Dar Al-Hekma University. Accessed on June 11, 2014 from http://sisweb.daralhekma.edu.sa:7779/portal/ page?_pageid=334,133665&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL <br>[44] Ibid. <br>[45] “King Faisal University,” 4International Colleges and Universities. Accessed on September 7, 2014 from http://www.4icu.org/reviews/ 4175.htm. <br>[46] “Study in Saudi Arabia,” MasterStudies.com. Accessed on August 2, 2014 from http://www.masterstudies.com/Saudi-Arabia/ <br>[47] OECD, Educational Policy Outlook: Turkey. n.p: OECD, 2013. <br>[48] “Why Study in Turkey,” Go Study in Turkey. Accessed on March 23, 2014 from http://www.gostudyinturkey.com/study-in-turkey/why-studyin- turkey <br>[49] The Council of Higher Education in Turkey, “Challenges to the Turkish Higher Education System.” (Presentation at the 22nd International Conference on Higher Education, Ankara, June 17-19, 2011). <br>[50] Human Development Sector Unit Europe and Central Asia Region, Turkey – Higher Education Policy Study, Volume I: Strategic Directions for Higher Education in Turkey, (Report No.: 39674 - TU), 2007. <br>[51] The Council of Higher Education, The Higher Education System in Turkey. Ankara: The Council of Higher Education, 2010. <br>[52] “THE World University Rankings,” Times Higher Education. Accessed on May 3, 2014 from http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/worlduniversity- rankings/2013-14/world-ranking/range/001-200 <br>[53] “THE World University Rankings,” Times Higher Education. Accessed on May 3, 2014 from http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/worlduniversity- rankings/2013-14/world-ranking/range/001-200 <br>[54] F. Mizikaci, Higher Education in Turkey. Bucharest: UNESCO European Center for Higher Education, 2006. <br>[55] “Why Study in Turkey,” Go Study in Turkey. Accessed on March 23, 2014 from http://www.gostudyinturkey.com/study-in-turkey/why-studyin- turkey <br>[56] The Centre for EU Education and Youth Programmes, Studying in Turkey: A Short Guide for Erasmus Students. Ankara: The Centre for EU Education and Youth Programmes, 2006. <br>[57] “Student Visa and Residence Permit for Turkey,” Go Study in Turkey. Accesed on May 3, 2014 from http://gostudyinturkey.com/visa/10263- student-visa-for-turkey <br>[58] “Registrar’s Office,” Middle East Technical University. Accessed on May 19, 2014 from http://oidb.metu.edu.tr/en/important-informationinternational- students <br>[59] Ibid. <br>[60] Ibid. <br>[61] “Turkish Citizenship,” Just Landed. Accessed on June 1, 2014 from http://www.justlanded.com/english/Turkey/Turkey-Guide/Visas- Permits/Turkish-citizenship <br>[62] Y. Kondakci, “Turkey’s Distinctive Position in the Internationalization,” Middle East Institute Viewpoints: Higher Education and the Middle East. July, pp. 52 -54, 2010. <br>[63] “Student Clubs,” Boğaziçi University. Accessed on September 11, 2014 from http://www.boun.edu.tr/en-US/Content/Campus_Life/ Student_Clubs.aspx <br>[64] “Physical Education and Sports Center,” Bilkent University. Accessed on April 19, 2014 from http://www.bilkent.edu.tr/~spor/ <br>[65] “Living Costs,” Study in Turkey. Accessed on April 16, 2014 from http://studyinturkey.com/content/sub/living_costs.aspx <br>[66] “Tuition and Fees,” Boğaziçi University Students. Accessed on September 11, 2014 from http://ogrenciler.boun.edu.tr/Home/ Content/tuitionandfees <br>[67] “Tuition Fees,” Study in Turkey. Accessed on April 16, 2014 from http://www.studyinturkey.com/content/sub/tuition_fees.aspx <br>[68] “Registrar’s Office,” Middle East Technical University. Accessed on May 19, 2014 from http://oidb.metu.edu.tr/en/important-informationinternational- students </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">&copy; 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10