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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">NEPOMUK</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nepomuk.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Nepomuk.svg/100px-Nepomuk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Nepomuk.svg/150px-Nepomuk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Nepomuk.svg/200px-Nepomuk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Semantic_desktop" title="Semantic desktop">Semantic desktop</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Various (<a href="/wiki/BSD" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD">BSD</a>-style preferred)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nepomuk.semanticdesktop.org">nepomuk<wbr />.semanticdesktop<wbr />.org</a></span></li> <li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nepomuk.kde.org">nepomuk<wbr />.kde<wbr />.org</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>NEPOMUK</b> (Networked Environment for Personal, <a href="/wiki/Ontology" title="Ontology">Ontology</a>-based Management of Unified Knowledge) is an open-source software specification that is concerned with the development of a social <a href="/wiki/Semantic_desktop" title="Semantic desktop">semantic desktop</a> that enriches and interconnects data from different desktop applications using semantic <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> stored as <a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a>. Between 2006 and 2008 it was funded by a European Union research project of the same name<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that grouped together industrial and academic actors to develop various Semantic Desktop technologies. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementations">Implementations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NEPOMUK_(software)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Implementations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three active implementations of NEPOMUK exist: A <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>/<a href="/wiki/KDE" title="KDE">KDE</a>-based variant, a <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>-based variant, and a commercial version. More versions were created during the EU project between 2006 and 2008, some active beyond the project.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="KDE">KDE</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NEPOMUK_(software)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: KDE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>NEPOMUK-KDE</i> was originally featured as one of the newer technologies in <a href="/wiki/KDE_Software_Compilation_4" title="KDE Software Compilation 4">KDE Software Compilation 4</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It used <a href="/wiki/Soprano_(KDE)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soprano (KDE)">Soprano</a> as the main RDF data storage and parsing library, while handling ontology imports through the <a href="/wiki/Redland_RDF_Application_Framework" title="Redland RDF Application Framework">Raptor parser plugin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Redland_RDF_Application_Framework" title="Redland RDF Application Framework">Redland storage plugin</a>; all RDF data was stored by <a href="/wiki/Virtuoso_Universal_Server" title="Virtuoso Universal Server">Virtuoso</a> which also handled full-text indexing.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On a technical level, NEPOMUK-KDE allowed associating metadata to various items present on a normal user's desktop such as files, bookmarks, e-mails, and calendar entries. Metadata could be arbitrary RDF. Tagging is the most user-visible metadata application. </p><p>As the KDE SC 4 series of releases progressed, it became apparent that NEPOMUK was not delivering the performance and user experience that had initially been anticipated. As a result of this, in KDE SC 4.13 a new indexing and semantic search technology <i>Baloo</i> was introduced, with a short transition period allowing applications to be ported and data to be migrated before the removal of NEPOMUK.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baloo initially used <a href="/wiki/SQLite" title="SQLite">SQLite</a> but currently uses <a href="/wiki/Lightning_Memory-Mapped_Database" title="Lightning Memory-Mapped Database">LMDB</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for storage, and <a href="/wiki/Xapian" title="Xapian">Xapian</a> for searching. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zeitgeist">Zeitgeist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NEPOMUK_(software)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Zeitgeist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Zeitgeist_(framework)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeitgeist (framework)">Zeitgeist</a> framework, used by <a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a> and Ubuntu's <a href="/wiki/Unity_(user_interface)" title="Unity (user interface)">Unity user interface</a>, uses the NEPOMUK ontology, as does the <a href="/wiki/Tracker_(search_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tracker (search software)">Tracker</a> search engine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Java">Java</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NEPOMUK_(software)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Java"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Java-based implementation of NEPOMUK<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was finished at the end of 2008 and served as a proof-of-concept environment for several novel semantic desktop techniques. It features its own frontend (<i>PSEW</i>) that integrates search, browsing, recommendation, and peer-to-peer functionality. The Java implementation uses the <a href="/wiki/Sesame_(framework)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesame (framework)">Sesame</a> RDF store and the Aperture<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> framework for integrating with other desktop applications such as mail clients and browsers. </p><p>A number of artifacts have been created in the context of the Java research implementation: </p> <ul><li>WikiModel<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refinder_by_Gnowsis">Refinder by Gnowsis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NEPOMUK_(software)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Refinder by Gnowsis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Implementation of the commercial <a href="/wiki/Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">Software as a service</a> product <i>Refinder</i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> started in 2009 and a limited beta-version was released in December 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Refinder</i> was developed by Gnowsis, a spin-off company of the <a href="/wiki/German_Research_Centre_for_Artificial_Intelligence" title="German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence"> German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI)</a> (project lead in the NEPOMUK EU project). The start-up was shut down in late 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with no plans to make the implementation code available. </p><p><i>Refinder</i> uses the same data formats as the other implementations, but using <a href="/wiki/Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">Software as a service</a> instead of the desktop approach of the other implementations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Data_formats">Data formats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NEPOMUK_(software)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Data formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>PIMO — the data format used for describing a Personal Information Model, describing Persons, Projects, Topics, Events, etc., also used in NEPOMUK-KDE.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>NIE — the NEPOMUK Information Element Ontology (and the associated ontologies NFO etc.), describing resources on a desktop (files, mails, etc.)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NEPOMUK_(software)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tracker_(search_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tracker (search software)">Tracker (search software)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NEPOMUK_(software)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090429050153/http://dev.nepomuk.semanticdesktop.org/wiki/NepomukLicense">"Nepomuk License"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dev.nepomuk.semanticdesktop.org/wiki/NepomukLicense">the original</a> on 2009-04-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nepomuk+License&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdev.nepomuk.semanticdesktop.org%2Fwiki%2FNepomukLicense&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANEPOMUK+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=PROJ_ICT&ACTION=D&DOC=1&CAT=PROJ&QUERY=011ca2def8a7:ccd3:321e9807&RCN=79390">"European Commission : CORDIS : Projects & Results Service : Networked environment for personal ontology-based management of unified knowledge"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+Commission+%3A+CORDIS+%3A+Projects+%26+Results+Service+%3A+Networked+environment+for+personal+ontology-based+management+of+unified+knowledge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcordis.europa.eu%2Ffetch%3FCALLER%3DPROJ_ICT%26ACTION%3DD%26DOC%3D1%26CAT%3DPROJ%26QUERY%3D011ca2def8a7%3Accd3%3A321e9807%26RCN%3D79390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANEPOMUK+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnowsis.com/about/blog/2010/11/20/how-does-gnowsis-relate-nepomuk-and-others">How Does Gnowsis Relate to NEPOMUK and Others?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120217010404/http://www.gnowsis.com/about/blog/2010/11/20/how-does-gnowsis-relate-nepomuk-and-others">Archived</a> 2012-02-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Blogpost dated 20.11.2010. Written by Leo Sauermann who contributed to the NEPOMUK project. 6 implementations of NEPOMUK are listed</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130317094258/http://nepomuk.kde.org/">"NEPOMUK-KDE project"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nepomuk.kde.org/">the original</a> on 2013-03-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KDE+Community+Wiki+-+Baloo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcommunity.kde.org%2FBaloo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANEPOMUK+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vhanda.in/blog/2015/10/baloo-5-15/">"Baloo 5.15"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dev.nepomuk.semanticdesktop.org/">the original</a> on 2007-12-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Semantic+Desktop%5B.%5Dorg&rft.aulast=Groza&rft.aufirst=Tudor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdev.nepomuk.semanticdesktop.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANEPOMUK+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFluit" class="citation web cs1">Fluit, Leo Sauermann, Christiaan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aperture.sourceforge.net/">"Aperture Framework"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aperture+Framework&rft.aulast=Fluit&rft.aufirst=Leo+Sauermann%2C+Christiaan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faperture.sourceforge.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANEPOMUK+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wikimodel.sourceforge.net/">"Welcome to the framework!"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+the+framework%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwikimodel.sourceforge.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANEPOMUK+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getrefinder.com">"Home - Refinder"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+-+Refinder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getrefinder.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANEPOMUK+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.futurezone.at/stories/1664740/">Refinder: Das nächste Level des Hyperlinks</a> Article in Futurezone by Jakob Steinschaden, 3.12.2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getrefinder.com/about/blog/2013/11/09/we-are-shutting-refinder-down">"We are shutting Refinder down - Refinder"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=We+are+shutting+Refinder+down+-+Refinder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getrefinder.com%2Fabout%2Fblog%2F2013%2F11%2F09%2Fwe-are-shutting-refinder-down&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANEPOMUK+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081228042334/http://www.semanticdesktop.org/ontologies/2007/11/01/pimo/">"Personal Information Model (PIMO)"</a>. 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</li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=NEPOMUK_(software)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nepomuk.semanticdesktop.org/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513032707/https://www.internetnews.com/dev-news/article.php/3688606">Article: Open Source Semantic Desktop Is Coming</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.technologyreview.com/computing/21840/?a=f">MIT Technology Review: Semantic Sense for the Desktop</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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title="Kaffeine">Kaffeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kdenlive" title="Kdenlive">Kdenlive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Office</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okular" title="Okular">Okular</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Calligra_Suite" class="mw-redirect" title="Calligra Suite">Calligra Suite</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calligra_Words" title="Calligra Words">Words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligra_Sheets" title="Calligra Sheets">Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligra_Stage" title="Calligra Stage">Stage</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calligra_Flow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calligra Flow (page does not exist)">Flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbon_(software)" title="Karbon (software)">Karbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kexi" title="Kexi">Kexi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligra_Plan" title="Calligra Plan">Plan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kile" title="Kile">Kile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMyMoney" title="KMyMoney">KMyMoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontact" title="Kontact">Kontact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPilot" title="KPilot">KPilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tellico_(software)" title="Tellico (software)">Tellico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojit%C3%A1" title="Trojitá">Trojitá</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">System</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discover_(software)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discover (software) (page does not exist)">Discover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_(file_manager)" title="Dolphin (file manager)">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_Partition_Manager" title="KDE Partition Manager">KDE Partition Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_System_Guard" title="KDE System Guard">KDE System Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinfocenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinfocenter">KInfoCenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konsole" title="Konsole">Konsole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuake" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakuake">Yakuake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Utilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark_(software)" title="Ark (software)">Ark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filelight" title="Filelight">Filelight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAlarm" title="KAlarm">KAlarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_(text_editor)" title="Kate (text editor)">Kate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCalc" title="KCalc">KCalc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGPG" title="KGPG">KGPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klipper" title="Klipper">Klipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krusader" title="Krusader">Krusader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRename" title="KRename">KRename</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWallet" title="KWallet">KWallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWrite" title="KWrite">KWrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_Connect" title="KDE Connect">KDE Connect</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KOffice" title="KOffice">KOffice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KWord" title="KWord">KWord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugar" title="Kugar">Kugar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/KDE_Platform" class="mw-redirect" title="KDE Platform">Platform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">User interface</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KDE_Plasma_6" title="KDE Plasma 6">KDE Plasma 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_Plasma_5" title="KDE Plasma 5">KDE Plasma 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KWin" title="KWin">KWin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_Mobile" title="Plasma Mobile">Plasma Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_Bigscreen" title="Plasma Bigscreen">Plasma Bigscreen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KDesktop" title="KDesktop">KDesktop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kicker_(KDE)" title="Kicker (KDE)">Kicker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SuperKaramba" title="SuperKaramba">SuperKaramba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_Plasma_4" title="KDE Plasma 4">KDE Plasma 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSnapshot" class="mw-redirect" title="KSnapshot">KSnapshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_Project" title="Oxygen Project">Oxygen Project</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Crystal_Clear" class="extiw" title="commons:Crystal Clear">Crystal Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KWin" title="KWin">KWin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Desktop_Display_Manager" title="Simple Desktop Display Manager">SDDM</a> (5–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qt_(software)" title="Qt (software)">Qt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_Frameworks_5" class="mw-redirect" title="KDE Frameworks 5">KDE Frameworks 5</a> (5–) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akonadi" title="Akonadi">Akonadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flake_(KDE)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flake (KDE)">Flake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KJS_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="KJS (software)">KJS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KHTML" title="KHTML">KHTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIO" title="KIO">KIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThreadWeaver" title="ThreadWeaver">ThreadWeaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_Image_Plugin_Interface" title="KDE Image Plugin Interface">KIPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KParts" class="mw-redirect" title="KParts">KParts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kross_(software)" title="Kross (software)">Kross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonon_(software)" title="Phonon (software)">Phonon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_(KDE)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid (KDE)">Solid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonnet_(software)" title="Sonnet (software)">Sonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMLGUI" title="XMLGUI">XMLGUI</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>KDElibs (–3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_communication_protocol" title="Desktop communication protocol">DCOP</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_Platform_4" title="KDE Platform 4">KDE Platform 4</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_Display_Manager" title="KDE Display Manager">KDM</a> (–4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEPOMUK_(framework)" class="mw-redirect" title="NEPOMUK (framework)">NEPOMUK</a> (4.13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strigi" title="Strigi">Strigi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Freedesktop.org" title="Freedesktop.org">freedesktop.org</a><br /><small>(shared)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppStream" title="AppStream">AppStream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-Bus" title="D-Bus">D-Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GStreamer" title="GStreamer">GStreamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetworkManager" title="NetworkManager">NetworkManager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppler_(software)" title="Poppler (software)">Poppler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayland (display server protocol)">Wayland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.Org_Server" title="X.Org Server">X.Org 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href="/wiki/Adriaan_de_Groot_(software_developer)" title="Adriaan de Groot (software developer)">Adriaan de Groot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Karlitschek" title="Frank Karlitschek">Frank Karlitschek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeste_Lyn_Paul" title="Celeste Lyn Paul">Celeste Lyn Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuno_Pinheiro_(artist)" title="Nuno Pinheiro (artist)">Nuno Pinheiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Schumacher" title="Cornelius Schumacher">Cornelius Schumacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Vignoni" title="David Vignoni">David Vignoni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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