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function(){ var columnInput = document.getElementById('Opinion-button'); if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test. columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){ // keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) { e.preventDefault() document.getElementById('Opinion-checkbox-input').click(); } }) })</script><input type="checkbox" id="Opinion-checkbox-input" tabIndex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1acea34"/><label id="Opinion-button" aria-label="Toggle Opinion" for="Opinion-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="opinionLinks" tabIndex="-1" role="menuitem" data-testid="column-collapse-Opinion" data-link-name="header : secondary : Opinion" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-p0c3jt">Opinion</label><ul role="menu" id="opinionLinks" data-testid="opinionLinks" class="dcr-v7ibvm"><li role="none" class="dcr-9ra8aa"><a href="/commentisfree" role="menuitem" 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src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2015/3/6/1425655311086/ffd98032-5978-4523-aefc-73fc3712c645-2060x1236.jpeg?width=465&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" width="465" height="279" loading="eager" class="dcr-evn1e9"/></picture><span class="dcr-v822l1"><div class="dcr-gup2gr"><div class="dcr-zy1nbx"><label for="the-checkbox" class="dcr-1xgwz8b"><svg width="6" height="14" fill="white" viewBox="0 0 6 14"><path d="M4.6 12l-.4 1.4c-.7.2-1.9.6-3 .6-.7 0-1.2-.2-1.2-.9 0-.2 0-.3.1-.5l2-6.7H.7l.4-1.5 4.2-.6h.2L3 12h1.6zm-.3-9.2c-.9 0-1.4-.5-1.4-1.3C2.9.5 3.7 0 4.6 0 5.4 0 6 .5 6 1.3c0 1-.8 1.5-1.7 1.5z"></path></svg></label><input type="checkbox" id="the-checkbox"/> <div id="the-caption"><figcaption data-spacefinder-role="inline" class="dcr-1ie0kc7"><span class="dcr-1inf02i"><svg width="18" height="13" viewBox="0 0 18 13"><path d="M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="dcr-1qvd3m6">The wero (Maori challenge) is issued to England’s World Cup cricket captain, Eoin Morgan, during an official Maori welcome in Wellington.</span> Photograph: Shaun Botterill/Getty Images</figcaption></div></div></div></span><a href="#img-1" data-ignore="global-link-styling" aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="open-lightbox dcr-13fd1ms"><button data-element-id="80a1b400-3a67-4dee-b5dc-5bd2d450b22e" type="button" aria-haspopup="dialog" class="open-lightbox dcr-4tmywn"><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M23 8.75V1.5l-.5-.5h-7.25v1.25l4.5.6L14 8.575 15.4 10l5.75-5.725.6 4.475zm-22 6.5v7.25l.475.5h7.25v-1.25l-4.475-.6 5.725-5.775L8.6 14l-5.775 5.725-.575-4.475z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-194i6pr">View image in fullscreen</span></button></a></div><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><figcaption data-spacefinder-role="inline" class="dcr-1fujct4"><span class="dcr-1inf02i"><svg width="18" height="13" viewBox="0 0 18 13"><path d="M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="dcr-1qvd3m6">The wero (Maori challenge) is issued to England’s World Cup cricket captain, Eoin Morgan, during an official Maori welcome in Wellington.</span> Photograph: Shaun Botterill/Getty Images</figcaption></span></figure></div></div></div><aside style="--grid-area:title;" data-gu-name="title" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-10355cg"><div class="dcr-0"><div class="dcr-4pzc03"><span class="dcr-1v9xu6e"></span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/mind-your-language" data-component="series" data-link-name="article series" class="dcr-u0pbjs"><span>Mind your language</span></a><span class="dcr-n4pnam"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/media" data-component="section" data-link-name="article section" class="dcr-1v9e6r1"><span>Media</span></a></span></div></div></div></aside><div style="--grid-area:border;" data-gu-name="border" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-upmzd8"></div></div><div style="--grid-area:headline;" data-gu-name="headline" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-14emo0l"><div class="dcr-13w83bs"><div class="dcr-cohhs3"><div class="dcr-notra3"><div aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-13832xi"><svg width="11" height="11" viewBox="0 0 11 11" fill="currentColor"><path d="M5.4 0C2.4 0 0 2.4 0 5.4s2.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4-2.4 5.4-5.4S8.4 0 5.4 0zm3 6.8H4.7V1.7h.7L6 5.4l2.4.6v.8z"></path></svg> This article is more than <strong>9 years old</strong></div></div><h1 class="dcr-s88ov6">Do you speak Kiwinglish? New Zealand's distinct linguistic identity</h1><div class="dcr-1nvgr5i">This article is more than 9 years old</div><div class="dcr-i75fkw"><div class="dcr-r5wjto"><span>Sam O'Flaherty</span></div></div></div><div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="29" viewBox="0 0 1300 29" preserveAspectRatio="none" stroke="var(--straight-lines)" stroke-width="1" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="dcr-2232f3"><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="0.5" y2="0.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="4.5" y2="4.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="8.5" y2="8.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="12.5" y2="12.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="16.5" y2="16.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="20.5" y2="20.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="24.5" y2="24.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="28.5" y2="28.5"></line></svg></div></div></div></div><div style="--grid-area:lines;" data-gu-name="lines" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-mc7gai"><span class="dcr-1vetsv0"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="29" viewBox="0 0 1300 29" preserveAspectRatio="none" stroke="var(--straight-lines)" stroke-width="1" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="dcr-1rctyfj"><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="0.5" y2="0.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="4.5" y2="4.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="8.5" y2="8.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="12.5" y2="12.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="16.5" y2="16.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="20.5" y2="20.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="24.5" y2="24.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="28.5" y2="28.5"></line></svg></span></div></div><div style="--grid-area:standfirst;" data-gu-name="standfirst" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class=" dcr-16dfovq"><p>New Zealand English is like English, but different. And it’s developing in a direction all of its own. Tumeke!<br /></p></div></div><aside style="--grid-area:meta;" data-gu-name="meta" class="dcr-1fnjjtg"><div class="dcr-14emo0l"><div class=" dcr-1v9sla6"><div class="dcr-5oiine"><div class="dcr-1kpcv08"><div><details style="--mobile-color:inherit;" class="dcr-1pexjb9"><summary class="dcr-1ybxn6r"><span class="dcr-u0h1qy">Tue 10 Mar 2015 08.00 GMT</span></summary>Last modified on Thu 11 Aug 2016 11.38 BST</details></div></div><div data-print-layout="hide" class="dcr-9dgpdq"><div class=" dcr-16lnb0w"><gu-island name="ShareButton" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"pageId":"media/mind-your-language/2015/mar/10/do-you-speak-kiwinglish-new-zealands-distinct-linguistic-identity","webTitle":"Do you speak Kiwinglish? New Zealand's distinct linguistic identity","format":{"design":8,"display":0,"theme":1},"context":"ArticleMeta"}"><a href="mailto:?subject=Do you speak Kiwinglish? New Zealand's distinct linguistic identity&body=https://www.theguardian.com/media/mind-your-language/2015/mar/10/do-you-speak-kiwinglish-new-zealands-distinct-linguistic-identity?CMP=share_btn_url" type="button" class="dcr-bao4ku">Share<div class="src-button-space"></div><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M19 16c1.675 0 3 1.35 3 3 0 1.675-1.325 3-3 3a2.97 2.97 0 0 1-2.975-3c0-.125 0-.275.025-.375L7.1 14.15a2.9 2.9 0 0 1-2.075.825C3.325 14.975 2 13.65 2 12a3.004 3.004 0 0 1 3.025-3.025c.775 0 1.5.35 2.075.875l8.95-4.475c-.025-.1-.025-.225-.025-.4A2.966 2.966 0 0 1 19 2c1.675 0 3 1.325 3 2.975C22 6.65 20.675 8 19 8c-.8 0-1.475-.325-2.05-.825l-8.975 4.45C8 11.7 8 11.825 8 12s0 .3-.025.375l8.975 4.45c.575-.5 1.25-.825 2.05-.825m0-12.8c-.975 0-1.8.775-1.8 1.775S18.025 6.8 19 6.8c1 0 1.825-.825 1.825-1.825S20 3.2 19 3.2m0 17.6c1 0 1.825-.825 1.825-1.8 0-1-.825-1.8-1.825-1.8-.975 0-1.8.8-1.8 1.8 0 .975.825 1.8 1.8 1.8"></path></svg></a></gu-island></div><div class=" dcr-1csot3r"><div class="dcr-14baf59"><div><gu-island name="CommentCount" priority="feature" deferUntil="idle" props="{"discussionApiUrl":"https://discussion.theguardian.com/discussion-api","shortUrlId":"/p/46d96"}"></gu-island></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="dcr-fu29fd"><span class="dcr-1lhv23l"><gu-island name="ExpandableMarketingCardWrapper" priority="enhancement" deferUntil="visible" props="{"guardianBaseURL":"https://www.theguardian.com"}"></gu-island></span></div></div></aside><div style="--grid-area:body;" data-gu-name="body" class="dcr-1upb05m"><span class="dcr-1giivcq"><gu-island name="ExpandableMarketingCardWrapper" priority="enhancement" deferUntil="idle" props="{"guardianBaseURL":"https://www.theguardian.com"}"></gu-island></span><div class="dcr-1a4fred"><div class="dcr-14emo0l"><div id="maincontent" class="dcr-1bwys2b"><div class="article-body-commercial-selector article-body-viewer-selector dcr-1q6n3e0"><p class="dcr-1n1orvu"><span style="color:var(--drop-cap);font-weight:300;" class="dcr-15rw6c2">E</span>nough about the “British style” and the “American way” already. There are other nations speaking English out there. It is the official language in 58 sovereign states and recognised, if not spoken, almost everywhere else. One such place is New Zealand, where we speak a special language. Let’s call it Kiwinglish.</p><p class="dcr-1n1orvu">In the UK it’s arse, in the USA it’s ass. And in New Zealand, it’s <em>kumu. </em>Well, maybe not just yet. You might not hear this Maori word all the time in New Zealand right now, but I’d be willing to bet the William Webb-Ellis Cup you’ll hear it, and other words like it, a lot more frequently in the future. My point being: the Maori language is not only the biggest difference between Kiwinglish and British and American English, it’s also the most significant driver of linguistic and cultural differentiation. And most importantly, its use in everyday language is on the up.</p><div id="sign-in-gate"><gu-island name="SignInGateSelector" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"contentType":"Article","sectionId":"media","tags":[{"id":"media/mind-your-language","type":"Blog","title":"Mind your language"},{"id":"media/media","type":"Keyword","title":"Media"},{"id":"science/language","type":"Keyword","title":"Language"},{"id":"type/article","type":"Type","title":"Article"},{"id":"tone/blog","type":"Tone","title":"Blogposts"},{"id":"tone/comment","type":"Tone","title":"Comment"}],"isPaidContent":false,"isPreview":false,"host":"https://www.theguardian.com","pageId":"media/mind-your-language/2015/mar/10/do-you-speak-kiwinglish-new-zealands-distinct-linguistic-identity","idUrl":"https://profile.theguardian.com","switches":{"externalVideoEmbeds":true,"abSignInGateMainVariant":true,"lightbox":true,"abGpidPrebidAdUnits":true,"prebidAppnexusUkRow":true,"prebidMagnite":true,"commercialMetrics":true,"prebidTrustx":true,"scAdFreeBanner":false,"adaptiveSite":true,"prebidPermutiveAudience":true,"compareVariantDecision":false,"enableSentryReporting":true,"lazyLoadContainers":true,"ampArticleSwitch":true,"remarketing":true,"articleEndSlot":true,"keyEventsCarousel":true,"registerWithPhone":false,"darkModeWeb":true,"targeting":true,"remoteHeader":true,"slotBodyEnd":true,"prebidImproveDigitalSkins":false,"ampPrebidOzone":true,"extendedMostPopularFronts":true,"emailInlineInFooter":true,"showNewPrivacyWordingOnEmailSignupEmbeds":true,"prebidAnalytics":true,"extendedMostPopular":true,"ampContentAbTesting":false,"prebidCriteo":true,"okta":true,"imrWorldwide":true,"acast":true,"twitterUwt":true,"prebidAppnexusInvcode":true,"ampPrebidPubmatic":true,"abUsaExpandableMarketingCard":true,"a9HeaderBidding":true,"prebidAppnexus":true,"abOnwardsContentArticle":false,"enableDiscussionSwitch":true,"prebidXaxis":true,"stickyVideos":true,"interactiveFullHeaderSwitch":true,"discussionAllPageSize":true,"prebidUserSync":true,"audioOnwardJourneySwitch":true,"brazeTaylorReport":false,"callouts":true,"sentinelLogger":true,"geoMostPopular":true,"weAreHiring":false,"relatedContent":true,"thirdPartyEmbedTracking":true,"prebidOzone":true,"ampLiveblogSwitch":true,"ampAmazon":true,"prebidAdYouLike":true,"mostViewedFronts":true,"optOutAdvertising":true,"abSignInGateMainControl":true,"googleSearch":true,"disableFrontContainerShowHide":true,"abOptOutFrequencyCap":true,"brazeSwitch":true,"prebidKargo":true,"consentManagement":true,"personaliseSignInGateAfterCheckout":true,"prebidSonobi":true,"idProfileNavigation":true,"confiantAdVerification":true,"discussionAllowAnonymousRecommendsSwitch":false,"absoluteServerTimes":false,"permutive":true,"comscore":true,"ampPrebidCriteo":true,"newsletterOnwards":false,"youtubeIma":true,"webFonts":true,"liveBlogTopSponsorship":true,"prebidImproveDigital":false,"abAdBlockAsk":false,"ophan":true,"crosswordSvgThumbnails":true,"prebidTriplelift":true,"weather":true,"prebidPubmatic":true,"serverShareCounts":false,"autoRefresh":true,"enhanceTweets":true,"prebidIndexExchange":true,"prebidOpenx":true,"prebidHeaderBidding":true,"idCookieRefresh":true,"discussionPageSize":true,"smartAppBanner":false,"abNewHeaderBiddingEndpoint":true,"historyTags":true,"brazeContentCards":true,"remoteBanner":true,"emailSignupRecaptcha":true,"prebidSmart":true,"shouldLoadGoogletag":true,"inizio":true,"europeBetaFront":true}}"></gu-island></div><p class="dcr-1n1orvu">To put it into perspective, the Maori language was actively suppressed for many years after colonisation. It was banned in schools and pupils were even punished for speaking it. Compare that with today, where by recent accounts there are as many as 1,000 Maori words used regularly by non-native speakers. Words like <em>waka </em>(technically canoe, but often used to describe any motor vehicle), <em>kia ora</em> (hello), <em>kai</em> (food), <em>puku </em>(belly, stomach), and <em>whanau</em> (family) can now be heard interspersed in everyday Kiwi conversation.</p><p class="dcr-1n1orvu">The Maori language is evident in more than just spoken, colloquial language. It is becoming part of the language of NZ officialdom. Take <em>tangata whenua </em>(people of the land) and <em>iwi </em>(tribe) for example. They’re now commonly used in the press and, importantly, in legislation, without an accompanying English translation.</p><p class="dcr-1n1orvu">The development of Kiwi in this direction is <em>tumeke! </em>(awesome)! The use of Maori words and phrases is representative of increased recognition (and revival) of Maori culture and of demographic and social changes. It’s not just a distancing from British heritage (intentional or otherwise), it’s an expression of a unique identity.</p><p class="dcr-1n1orvu">This uptake of indigenous words and phrases, although significant, is not the only thing that’s helping to transform modern Kiwi; it’s also the way that traditionally British words have changed meaning on their journey down under.</p><p class="dcr-1n1orvu">Most of you will recognise phrases such as <em>sweet as</em> (an incredibly versatile, generally positive locution which can mean anything from “extraordinarily good” to “OK, I suppose”) or <em>get off the grass</em> (an exclamation of disbelief, sometimes an imperative). Even words like <em>jandals </em>(flip-flops) and <em>togs </em>(swimming costume) might sound familiar to anyone from the northern hemisphere.</p><figure id="b7f06e54-4bd5-4ec9-ad3a-3f2f9e0b598d" data-spacefinder-role="supporting" data-spacefinder-type="model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.ImageBlockElement" class=" dcr-a2pvoh"><div id="img-2" class="dcr-1t8m8f2"><picture class="dcr-evn1e9"><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2015/3/6/1425655815774/70e60068-2459-402f-9fdb-645b1a38bbf0-1360x2040.jpeg?width=380&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 1300px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 1300px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2015/3/6/1425655815774/70e60068-2459-402f-9fdb-645b1a38bbf0-1360x2040.jpeg?width=380&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 1300px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2015/3/6/1425655815774/70e60068-2459-402f-9fdb-645b1a38bbf0-1360x2040.jpeg?width=300&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2015/3/6/1425655815774/70e60068-2459-402f-9fdb-645b1a38bbf0-1360x2040.jpeg?width=300&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 980px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2015/3/6/1425655815774/70e60068-2459-402f-9fdb-645b1a38bbf0-1360x2040.jpeg?width=620&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 660px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 660px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2015/3/6/1425655815774/70e60068-2459-402f-9fdb-645b1a38bbf0-1360x2040.jpeg?width=620&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 660px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2015/3/6/1425655815774/70e60068-2459-402f-9fdb-645b1a38bbf0-1360x2040.jpeg?width=605&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 480px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2015/3/6/1425655815774/70e60068-2459-402f-9fdb-645b1a38bbf0-1360x2040.jpeg?width=605&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 480px)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2015/3/6/1425655815774/70e60068-2459-402f-9fdb-645b1a38bbf0-1360x2040.jpeg?width=445&dpr=2&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2015/3/6/1425655815774/70e60068-2459-402f-9fdb-645b1a38bbf0-1360x2040.jpeg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Witi Ihimaera, author of The Whale Rider, perhaps the best-known Maori writer today. The Maori language was suppressed for many years." src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2015/3/6/1425655815774/70e60068-2459-402f-9fdb-645b1a38bbf0-1360x2040.jpeg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none&crop=none" width="445" height="667.5" loading="lazy" class="dcr-evn1e9"/></picture><a href="#img-2" data-ignore="global-link-styling" aria-hidden="true" tabIndex="-1" class="open-lightbox dcr-13fd1ms"><button data-element-id="b7f06e54-4bd5-4ec9-ad3a-3f2f9e0b598d" type="button" aria-haspopup="dialog" class="open-lightbox dcr-1sv232j"><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M23 8.75V1.5l-.5-.5h-7.25v1.25l4.5.6L14 8.575 15.4 10l5.75-5.725.6 4.475zm-22 6.5v7.25l.475.5h7.25v-1.25l-4.475-.6 5.725-5.775L8.6 14l-5.775 5.725-.575-4.475z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-194i6pr">View image in fullscreen</span></button></a></div><figcaption data-spacefinder-role="inline" class="dcr-1pvqcrw"><span class="dcr-1inf02i"><svg width="18" height="13" viewBox="0 0 18 13"><path d="M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="dcr-1qvd3m6">Witi Ihimaera, author of The Whale Rider, perhaps the best-known Maori writer today. The Maori language was suppressed for many years.</span> Photograph: Murdo Macleod</figcaption></figure><p class="dcr-1n1orvu">So, is NZ English easy for native Englanders to understand? TripAdvisor accurately warns: “English is spoken throughout New Zealand, although there are many local acronyms and phrases that may confuse foreign visitors.” Helpful, that. Especially for a tourist faced with words like <em>munted </em>or <em>pakaru </em>(broken), <em>dairy </em>(off-licence or small supermarket), <em>stoked </em>(happy, pleased, relieved) and<em> bach </em>(small holiday home).</p><p class="dcr-1n1orvu">If you’re thirsty, don’t ask for <em>tea</em>, because you’ll end up with dinner (as you will in some northern parts of England). <em>Wellies</em> is the capital city, not protective footwear (although wellies will come in handy in <em>Wellies</em>). <em>Root </em>is used mostly to refer to sex. Find a different verb if you want to talk about supporting your soccer (football) team or you’re looking around for something you’ve lost.</p><p class="dcr-1n1orvu">Oh, and watch out for irony. Because spoken Kiwinglish is relentlessly tongue-in-cheek. When we say one thing, we probably mean the other. So if someone calls you a <em>winner</em> don’t celebrate, you’ve likely just <em>had a mare</em> (made a fool of yourself or lost by a large margin). And <em>quite nice</em> is generally used to refer to something that is the complete opposite.</p><p class="dcr-1n1orvu"><em>As </em>is used ubiquitously to exaggerate any preceding adjective, like <em>hungry as </em>(very hungry) and <em>beached as </em>(well and truly stuck or in difficult circumstances). The <em>aye?</em> tacked on to the end of every spoken sentence is rhetorical. <em>Piss </em>refers to alcoholic beverages (generally beer). To <em>sink piss </em>is to drink beer. And a <em>chilly bin </em>is a container that keeps your piss cold while you’re at the bach.</p><p class="dcr-1n1orvu">Many of these peculiarities have their roots in British English, yet have been moulded by New Zealand’s geographical isolation, politics, culture and society.</p><p class="dcr-1n1orvu">Take sheep for example. They’re a big part of our identity, both historical and contemporary. And they’ve had a big impact on our language. Although sheep numbers are declining, the old saying that they outnumber people remains true. (In case you’re interested, the current stats stand at just over seven sheep per person – down from a peak of 22 per person in 1982). Anyway, you could half-fill a dictionary with words that have developed out of our “special” association with sheep, including <em>pink </em>(verb, to shear a sheep so closely that the skin shows), <em>breakback </em>(to run in the opposite direction to the drive), and <em>cobbler </em>(nothing to do with shoes – this the most stubborn of sheep or the last to be sheared).</p><p class="dcr-1n1orvu">Finally, let’s look at what is perhaps the most obvious difference between Kiwis and Brits: the accent. The way that Kiwis flatten vowels into an unrecognisable monotone is all to do with phonemes, those perceptually distinct units of sound that make up a language. Officially, New Zealand English (NZE) has the same 20-vowel phoneme system as British received pronunciation. However, since the millennium, there are only 19 phonemes evident in spoken NZE. The distinction between the phonemes in “near” and “square”, for example, has pretty much disappeared.</p><p class="dcr-1n1orvu">So keep a <em>taringa</em> (ear) out for what’s happening with our common language down under. It’ll be a big help if you make the epic journey to our shores. It may also help to explain why what was once considered the most British of the colonies is drifting away.</p><p class="dcr-1n1orvu">Ultimately, if you understand less and less of what we’re saying, how will you ever beat us at rugby?</p><p class="dcr-1n1orvu"><em>Sam O’Flaherty is a proud Kiwi and a copywriter at <a href="http://barnabybenson.co.uk" data-link-name="in body link">Barnaby Benson Copywriting.</a></em><br/></p></div></div><gu-island name="SlotBodyEnd" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"contentType":"Article","contributionsServiceUrl":"https://contributions.guardianapis.com","idApiUrl":"https://idapi.theguardian.com","isMinuteArticle":false,"isPaidContent":false,"pageId":"media/mind-your-language/2015/mar/10/do-you-speak-kiwinglish-new-zealands-distinct-linguistic-identity","sectionId":"media","shouldHideReaderRevenue":false,"stage":"PROD","tags":[{"id":"media/mind-your-language","type":"Blog","title":"Mind your language"},{"id":"media/media","type":"Keyword","title":"Media"},{"id":"science/language","type":"Keyword","title":"Language"},{"id":"type/article","type":"Type","title":"Article"},{"id":"tone/blog","type":"Tone","title":"Blogposts"},{"id":"tone/comment","type":"Tone","title":"Comment"}],"renderAds":true,"isLabs":false,"articleEndSlot":true}"></gu-island><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="13" viewBox="0 0 1300 13" preserveAspectRatio="none" stroke="var(--straight-lines)" stroke-width="1" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="dcr-1rctyfj"><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="0.5" y2="0.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="4.5" y2="4.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="8.5" y2="8.5"></line><line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="12.5" y2="12.5"></line></svg><div data-print-layout="hide" class="dcr-fckw05"><span class="dcr-1slmqmw">Explore more on these topics</span><div class="dcr-1jl528t"><ul class="dcr-1yfsxuc"><li class="dcr-ncdwh2"><a href="/media/media" class="dcr-1gwziyt">Media</a></li><li class="dcr-ncdwh2"><a href="/media/mind-your-language" class="dcr-1gwziyt">Mind your language</a></li><li class="dcr-ncdwh2"><a href="/science/language" class="dcr-1gwziyt">Language</a></li><li class="dcr-ncdwh2"><a href="/tone/blog" class="dcr-1gwziyt">blogposts</a></li></ul></div><div class="dcr-nu129i"><gu-island name="ShareButton" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{"pageId":"media/mind-your-language/2015/mar/10/do-you-speak-kiwinglish-new-zealands-distinct-linguistic-identity","webTitle":"Do you speak Kiwinglish? 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