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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Lorem ipsum</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85" title="لوريم إيبسوم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لوريم إيبسوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A5%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85" title="لوريم إپسوم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لوريم إپسوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%AD%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7" title="طرح‌نما – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="طرح‌نما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A0%98_%EC%9E%85%EC%88%A8" title="로렘 입숨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로렘 입숨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B4_%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Լորեմ իպսում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լորեմ իպսում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9D" title="לורם איפסום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לורם איפסום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82" title="ളോറെം ഇപ്സും – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ളോറെം ഇപ്സും" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindtex" title="Blindtex – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Blindtex" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="லோரம் இப்சம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லோரம் இப்சம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="ลอเร็มอิปซัม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลอเร็มอิปซัม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_Ipsum" title="Lorem Ipsum – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lorem Ipsum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Lorem ipsum" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9D" title="לארעם איפסום – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לארעם איפסום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Placeholder text used in publishing and graphic design</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ipsum" redirects here. For the car, see <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Ipsum" title="Toyota Ipsum">Toyota Ipsum</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorem_ipsum_design.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An example of the Lorem ipsum placeholder text on a green and white webpage." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lorem_ipsum_design.svg/300px-Lorem_ipsum_design.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lorem_ipsum_design.svg/450px-Lorem_ipsum_design.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lorem_ipsum_design.svg/600px-Lorem_ipsum_design.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="1132" /></a><figcaption>Using <i>Lorem ipsum</i> to focus attention on graphic elements in a webpage design proposal</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Letraset_Lorem_Ipsum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Letraset_Lorem_Ipsum.jpg/220px-Letraset_Lorem_Ipsum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Letraset_Lorem_Ipsum.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="292" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption>An example of the <i>Lorem ipsum</i> placeholder text on a Letraset sample sheet. Date unknown, possibly 1970s.</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Lorem ipsum</b></i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">LOR</span>-əm <span style="font-size:90%">IP</span>-səm</i></a>) is a dummy or placeholder text commonly used in graphic design, publishing, and web development to fill empty spaces in a layout that does not yet have content. </p><p><i>Lorem ipsum</i> is typically a corrupted version of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/De_finibus_bonorum_et_malorum" title="De finibus bonorum et malorum">De finibus bonorum et malorum</a></i></span>, a 1st-century BC text by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman</a> statesman and philosopher <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>, with words altered, added, and removed to make it nonsensical and improper <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>. The first two words themselves are a <a href="/wiki/Clipping_(morphology)" title="Clipping (morphology)">truncation</a> of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">dolorem ipsum</i></span> ("pain itself"). </p><p>Versions of the <i>Lorem ipsum</i> text have been used in <a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">typesetting</a> at least since the 1960s, when it was popularized by advertisements for <a href="/wiki/Letraset" title="Letraset">Letraset</a> transfer sheets.<sup id="cite_ref-Cibois_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cibois-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Lorem ipsum</i> was introduced to the digital world in the mid-1980s, when <a href="/wiki/Aldus_Corporation" title="Aldus Corporation">Aldus</a> employed it in graphic and word-processing templates for its desktop publishing program <a href="/wiki/Adobe_PageMaker" title="Adobe PageMaker">PageMaker</a>. Other popular <a href="/wiki/Word_processor_(electronic_device)" title="Word processor (electronic device)">word processors</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Pages_(word_processor)" title="Pages (word processor)">Pages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a>, have since adopted <i>Lorem ipsum</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-SDop_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDop-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as have many <a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a> packages,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ms-212251_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-212251-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> web content managers such as <a href="/wiki/Joomla!" class="mw-redirect" title="Joomla!">Joomla!</a> and <a href="/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a>, and <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a> libraries such as Semantic UI. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Example_text">Example text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorem_ipsum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Example text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> A common form of <i>Lorem ipsum</i> reads: </p><blockquote><p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Source_text">Source text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorem_ipsum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Source text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Lorem ipsum</i> text is derived from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 of <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>'s <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">De finibus bonorum et malorum</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Microsoft_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Microsoft-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cicero_archive_org_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cicero_archive_org-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The physical source may have been the 1914 <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> edition of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">De finibus</i></span>, where the Latin text, presented on the left-hand (even) pages, breaks off on page 34 with "<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Neque porro quisquam est qui do-</i></span>" and continues on page 36 with "<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lorem ipsum<span class="nowrap"> </span>...</i></span>", suggesting that the <a href="/wiki/Galley_proof" title="Galley proof">galley type</a> of that page was mixed up to make the dummy text seen today.<sup id="cite_ref-Cibois_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cibois-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The discovery of the text's origin is attributed to Richard McClintock, a Latin scholar at <a href="/wiki/Hampden%E2%80%93Sydney_College" title="Hampden–Sydney College">Hampden–Sydney College</a>. McClintock connected <i>Lorem ipsum</i> to Cicero's writing sometime before 1982 while searching for instances of the Latin word <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/consectetur" class="extiw" title="wikt:consectetur">consectetur</a></i></span>, which was rarely used in classical literature.<sup id="cite_ref-SDop_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDop-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McClintock first published his discovery in a 1994 letter to the editor of <i>Before & After</i> magazine,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> contesting the editor's earlier claim that <i>Lorem ipsum</i> held no meaning.<sup id="cite_ref-SDop_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDop-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The relevant section of Cicero as printed in the source is reproduced below with fragments used in <i>Lorem ipsum</i> highlighted. Letters in brackets were added to <i>Lorem ipsum</i> and were not present in the source text: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[32] <span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">Sed ut perspiciatis, unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam eaque ipsa, quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt, explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem, quia voluptas sit, aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos, qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt, neque porro quisquam est, qui do</span></span><mark>lorem ipsum</mark>, <span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">quia</span></span> <mark>dolor sit amet consectetur adipisci[ng]</mark> v<mark>elit, sed</mark> <span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">quia non numquam</span></span> <mark>[do] eius mod</mark>i <mark>tempor</mark>a <mark>inci[di]dunt, ut labore et dolore magna</mark>m <mark>aliqua</mark><span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">m quaerat voluptatem.</span></span> <mark>Ut enim ad minim</mark>a <mark>veniam, quis nostru</mark>m<mark>[d] exercitation</mark><span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">em</span></span> <mark>ullam co</mark><span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">rporis suscipit</span></span> <mark>labori</mark>o<mark>s</mark><span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">am,</span></span> <mark>nisi ut aliquid ex ea commod</mark>i <mark>consequat</mark><span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">ur?</span></span> <mark>[D]</mark>Q<mark>uis aute</mark><span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">m vel eum</span></span> <mark>i[r]ure reprehenderit,</mark> <span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">qui</span></span> <mark>in</mark> <span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">ea</span></span> <mark>voluptate velit esse</mark>, <span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">quam nihil molestiae</span></span> <mark>c</mark><span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">onsequatur, vel</span></span> <mark>illum</mark>, <span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">qui</span></span> <mark>dolore</mark>m <mark>eu</mark>m <mark>fugiat</mark>, <span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">quo voluptas</span></span> <mark>nulla pariatur</mark>?<br /><br /> [33] <span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus, qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti, quos dolores et quas molestias</span></span> <mark>exceptur</mark>i <mark>sint, obcaecat</mark>i <mark>cupiditat</mark>e <mark>non pro</mark>v<mark>ident</mark>, <span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">similique</span></span> <mark>sunt in culpa</mark>, <mark>qui officia deserunt mollit</mark>ia <mark>anim</mark>i, <mark>id est laborum</mark> <span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">et dolorum fuga</span></span>. <mark>Et harum</mark> qui<mark>de</mark>m <mark>re</mark>r<mark>u[d]</mark>um <mark>facilis est e[r]</mark>t <mark>expedit</mark>a <mark>disti</mark>nctio. <mark>Nam liber</mark>o <mark>tempor</mark>e, <mark>cum soluta nobis</mark> est <mark>elige</mark>ndi optio, cumque nihil impedit, quo minus id, <mark>quod maxim</mark>e <mark>placeat facer</mark>e <mark>possim</mark>us, <mark>omnis volupt</mark>as <mark>assumenda est, omnis dolor repellend[a]</mark>us. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet, ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat.</p></blockquote> <p>What follows is <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Harris_Rackham" class="extiw" title="s:Harris Rackham">H. Rackham</a>'s translation, as printed in the 1914 Loeb edition, with words at least partially represented in <i>Lorem ipsum</i> highlighted:<sup id="cite_ref-cicero_archive_org_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cicero_archive_org-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[32] But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of reprobating pleasure and extolling pain arose. To do so, I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who <mark>loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but</mark> occasionally <mark>circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great</mark> pleasure. <mark>To take a trivial example, which of us ever</mark> undertakes <mark>laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who</mark> has any right to <mark>find fault</mark> with a man who <mark>chooses to enjoy a pleasure</mark> that has no annoying consequences, or <mark>one</mark> who <mark>avoids a pain</mark> that <mark>produces no</mark> resultant pleasure?<br /><br /> [33] On the other hand, we denounce with righteous indignation and dislike men who are so beguiled and demoralized by the charms of pleasure of the moment, so <mark>blinded by desire, that they cannot foresee</mark> the pain and trouble that are bound to ensue; and equal <mark>blame belongs to those who fail in their duty through weakness of will, which is the same as saying through shrinking from toil</mark> and pain. These cases are perfectly simple and easy to distinguish. In a free hour, when our power of choice is untrammeled and when nothing prevents our being able to do what we like best, every pleasure is to be welcomed and every pain avoided. But in certain circumstances and owing to the claims of duty or the obligations of business it will frequently occur that pleasures have to be repudiated and annoyances accepted. The wise man therefore always holds in these matters to this principle of selection: he rejects pleasures to secure other greater pleasures, or else he endures pains to avoid worse pains.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorem_ipsum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asemic_writing" title="Asemic writing">Asemic writing</a> – Wordless open semantic form of writing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etaoin_shrdlu" title="Etaoin shrdlu">Etaoin shrdlu</a> – Common metal-type printing error</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibberish" title="Gibberish">Gibberish</a> – Nonsensical speech or writing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburgevons" title="Hamburgevons">Hamburgevons</a> – Text used as a sample for assessing fonts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian-head_test_pattern" title="Indian-head test pattern">Indian-head test pattern</a> – Television test card</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenna" title="Lenna">Lenna</a> – Unauthorized standard test image</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Europan_lingues" title="Li Europan lingues">Li Europan lingues</a> – Placeholder text in Interlingue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metasyntactic_variable" title="Metasyntactic variable">Metasyntactic variable</a> – Placeholder term used in computer science</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangram" title="Pangram">Pangram</a> – Sentence using every letter of alphabet <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_quick_brown_fox_jumps_over_the_lazy_dog" title="The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog">The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog</a> – Sentence containing all letters of the English alphabet</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibboleth" title="Shibboleth">Shibboleth</a> – Custom or tradition that distinguishes one group from another</li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_come_(publishing)" title="To come (publishing)">"To come"</a> – Phrase used in publishing to indicate missing material</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_teapot" title="Utah teapot">Utah teapot</a> – Computer graphics 3D reference and test model</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorem_ipsum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Cibois-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cibois_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cibois_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCibois2012" class="citation web cs1">Cibois, Philippe (2012-06-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://idm.hypotheses.org/2354">"Lorem ipsum: nouvel état de la question"</a>. <i>L'intelligence du monde</i>. <a href="/wiki/Institut_fran%C3%A7ais" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut français">L'Institut français</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27intelligence+du+monde&rft.atitle=Lorem+ipsum%3A+nouvel+%C3%A9tat+de+la+question&rft.date=2012-06-03&rft.aulast=Cibois&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fidm.hypotheses.org%2F2354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALorem+ipsum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SDop-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SDop_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SDop_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SDop_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams2001" class="citation web cs1">Adams, Cecil (February 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straightdope.com/21343427/what-does-the-filler-text-lorem-ipsum-mean">"What does the filler text 'lorem ipsum' mean?"</a>. The Straight Dope<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+does+the+filler+text+%27lorem+ipsum%27+mean%3F&rft.pub=The+Straight+Dope&rft.date=2001-02&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Cecil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straightdope.com%2F21343427%2Fwhat-does-the-filler-text-lorem-ipsum-mean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALorem+ipsum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctan.org/pkg/lipsum">"LaTeX lipsum package"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LaTeX+blind+text+package&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctan.org%2Fpkg%2Fblindtext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALorem+ipsum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ms-212251-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ms-212251_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112094738/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/212251/en-us">"How to insert sample text into a document in Word"</a>. <i>Microsoft Support</i>. 18 September 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/212251/en-us">the original</a> on 12 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Support&rft.atitle=How+to+insert+sample+text+into+a+document+in+Word&rft.date=2011-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsupport.microsoft.com%2Fkb%2F212251%2Fen-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALorem+ipsum" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Microsoft-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Microsoft_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/114222/en-us">"Description of the "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet" text that appears in Word Help"</a>. <i>support.microsoft.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=support.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Description+of+the+%22Lorem+ipsum+dolor+sit+amet%22+text+that+appears+in+Word+Help&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsupport.microsoft.com%2Fkb%2F114222%2Fen-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALorem+ipsum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cicero_archive_org-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cicero_archive_org_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cicero_archive_org_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCiceroRackham1914" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cicero, Marcus Tullius; Rackham, H. (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/definibusbonoru02cicegoog"><i>De finibus bonorum et malorum</i></a> (in Latin and English). New York: Macmillan Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/definibusbonoru02cicegoog/page/n72">36</a> (Book I ix 32).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+finibus+bonorum+et+malorum&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=36+%28Book+I+ix+32%29&rft.pub=Macmillan+Co.&rft.date=1914&rft.aulast=Cicero&rft.aufirst=Marcus+Tullius&rft.au=Rackham%2C+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdefinibusbonoru02cicegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALorem+ipsum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Before & After</i> <b>4</b>:2, according to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman_Walsh" class="citation web cs1">Norman Walsh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nwalsh.com/comp.fonts/FAQ/cf_36.htm">"Frequently Asked Questions About Fonts"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions+About+Fonts&rft.au=Norman+Walsh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnwalsh.com%2Fcomp.fonts%2FFAQ%2Fcf_36.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALorem+ipsum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorem_ipsum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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#aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Lorem ipsum</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Lorem_ipsum" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Lorem ipsum">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" class="extiw" title="c:Lorem ipsum">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/mul:Lorem_ipsum" class="extiw" title="s:mul:Lorem ipsum">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li>The original <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:De_finibus_bonorum_et_malorum/Liber_Primus" class="extiw" title="s:la:De finibus bonorum et malorum/Liber Primus"><i>De finibus bonorum et malorum</i> (Book 1)</a> from Cicero, on Latin Wikisource</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Standard_test_item" title="Template:Standard test item"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Standard_test_item" title="Template talk:Standard test item"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Standard_test_item" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Standard test item"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Standard_test_items284" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Standard test items</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pangram" title="Pangram">Pangram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reference_implementation" title="Reference implementation">Reference implementation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanity_check" title="Sanity check">Sanity check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_test_image" title="Standard test image">Standard test image</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_room" title="Chinese room">Chinese room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turing_test" title="Turing test">Turing test</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television (<a href="/wiki/Test_card" title="Test card">test card</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SMPTE_color_bars" title="SMPTE color bars">SMPTE color bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBU_colour_bars" title="EBU colour bars">EBU colour bars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian-head_test_pattern" title="Indian-head test pattern">Indian-head test pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EIA_1956_resolution_chart" title="EIA 1956 resolution chart">EIA 1956 resolution chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards" title="List of BBC test cards">BBC Test Card</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards#Test_Card_A" title="List of BBC test cards">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards#Test_Card_B" title="List of BBC test cards">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards#Test_Card_C" title="List of BBC test cards">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards#Test_Card_D" title="List of BBC test cards">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards#Test_Card_E_(later_Test_Card_C)" title="List of BBC test cards">E</a>, <a href="/wiki/Test_Card_F" title="Test Card F">F</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards#Test_Card_G" title="List of BBC test cards">G</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_test_cards#Test_Card_H" title="List of BBC test cards">H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Test_Card_J" class="mw-redirect" title="Test Card J">J</a>, <a href="/wiki/Test_Card_W" class="mw-redirect" title="Test Card W">W</a>, <a href="/wiki/Test_Card_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Test Card X">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETP-1" title="ETP-1">ETP-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philips_circle_pattern" title="Philips circle pattern">Philips circle pattern</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philips_circle_pattern#PM5534" title="Philips circle pattern">PM 5538</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philips_PM5540" title="Philips PM5540">PM 5540</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philips_circle_pattern#PM5544" title="Philips circle pattern">PM 5544</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philips_circle_pattern#PM5644" title="Philips circle pattern">PM 5644</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snell_%26_Wilcox_Zone_Plate" title="Snell & Wilcox Zone Plate">Snell & Wilcox SW2/SW4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefunken_FuBK" title="Telefunken FuBK">Telefunken FuBK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVE_test_card" title="TVE test card">TVE test card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Electronic_Test_Chart" title="Universal Electronic Test Chart">UEIT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_language" title="Computer language">Computer languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%22Hello,_World!%22_program" title=""Hello, World!" program">"Hello, World!" program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quine_(computing)" title="Quine (computing)">Quine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TPK_algorithm" title="TPK algorithm">Trabb Pardo–Knuth algorithm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_or_boy_test" title="Man or boy test">Man or boy test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_another_Perl_hacker" title="Just another Perl hacker">Just another Perl hacker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Data compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calgary_corpus" title="Calgary corpus">Calgary corpus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_corpus" title="Canterbury corpus">Canterbury corpus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silesia_corpus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silesia corpus (page does not exist)">Silesia corpus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutter_Prize" title="Hutter Prize">enwik8, enwik9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D computer graphics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_box" title="Cornell box">Cornell box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_bunny" title="Stanford bunny">Stanford bunny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_dragon" title="Stanford dragon">Stanford dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_teapot" title="Utah teapot">Utah teapot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_common_3D_test_models" title="List of common 3D test models">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">Machine learning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ImageNet" title="ImageNet">ImageNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MNIST_database" title="MNIST database">MNIST database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_datasets_for_machine-learning_research" title="List of datasets for machine-learning research">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">Typography</a> (<a href="/wiki/Filler_text" title="Filler text">filler text</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etaoin_shrdlu" title="Etaoin shrdlu">Etaoin shrdlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburgevons" title="Hamburgevons">Hamburgevons</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lorem ipsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_quick_brown_fox_jumps_over_the_lazy_dog" title="The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog">The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3DBenchy" title="3DBenchy">3DBenchy</a></li> <li>Acid <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid1" title="Acid1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acid2" title="Acid2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acid3" title="Acid3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Apple!!#Use_of_video_as_a_graphical_and_audio_test" title="Bad Apple!!">"Bad Apple!!"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EICAR_test_file" title="EICAR test file">EICAR test file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_functions_for_optimization" title="Test functions for optimization">functions for optimization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTUBE" title="GTUBE">GTUBE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_sentences" title="Harvard sentences">Harvard sentences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenna" title="Lenna">Lenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_North_Wind_and_the_Sun#Use_in_phonetic_demonstrations" title="The North Wind and the Sun">"The North Wind and the Sun"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%27s_Diner#The_"Mother_of_the_MP3"" title="Tom's Diner">"Tom's Diner"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_leader" title="Film leader">SMPTE universal leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EURion_constellation" title="EURion constellation">EURion constellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakedown_(testing)" title="Shakedown (testing)">Shakedown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webdriver_Torso" title="Webdriver Torso">Webdriver Torso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_USAF_resolution_test_chart" title="1951 USAF resolution test chart">1951 USAF resolution test chart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Typography429" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Typography" title="Template:Typography"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Typography" title="Template talk:Typography"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Typography" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Typography"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Typography429" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">Typography</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Page_(paper)" title="Page (paper)">Page</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canons_of_page_construction" title="Canons of page construction">Canons of page construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_(typography)" title="Column (typography)">Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Even_working" title="Even working">Even working</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margin_(typography)" title="Margin (typography)">Margin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_numbering" title="Page numbering">Page numbering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_size" title="Paper size">Paper size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagination" title="Pagination">Pagination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pull_quote" title="Pull quote">Pull quote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recto_and_verso" title="Recto and verso">Recto and verso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentionally_blank_page" title="Intentionally blank page">Intentionally blank page</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paragraph" title="Paragraph">Paragraph</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Typographic_alignment" title="Typographic alignment">Alignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading" title="Leading">Leading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_length" title="Line length">Line length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_(typography)" title="River (typography)">River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runaround_(typography)" title="Runaround (typography)">Runaround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widows_and_orphans" title="Widows and orphans">Widows and orphans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Runt_(typography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Runt (typography)">runt</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">Character</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Typeface_anatomy" title="Typeface anatomy">Typeface anatomy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counter_(typography)" title="Counter (typography)">Counter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingbat" title="Dingbat">Dingbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">Glyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ink_trap" title="Ink trap">Ink trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)" title="Ligature (writing)">Ligature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotated_letter" title="Rotated letter">Rotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subscript_and_superscript" title="Subscript and superscript">Subscript and superscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swash_(typography)" title="Swash (typography)">Swash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_figures" title="Text figures">Text figures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tittle" title="Tittle">Tittle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Capitalization" title="Capitalization">Capitalization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_caps" title="All caps">All caps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_case" title="Camel case">Camel case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial" title="Initial">Initial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_case" title="Letter case">Letter case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_caps" title="Small caps">Small caps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_case" title="Snake case">Snake case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_case" title="Title case">Title case</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Emphasis_(typography)" title="Emphasis (typography)">Visual distinction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackboard_bold" title="Blackboard bold">Blackboard bold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emphasis_(typography)" title="Emphasis (typography)">Bold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_printing" title="Color printing">Color printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">Italics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblique_type" title="Oblique type">Oblique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore">Underline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Horizontal aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Figure_space" title="Figure space">Figure space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerning" title="Kerning">Kerning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_spacing" title="Letter spacing">Letter spacing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(typewriter)" title="Pitch (typewriter)">Pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentence_spacing" title="Sentence spacing">Sentence spacing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thin_space" title="Thin space">Thin space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_spacing" title="Word spacing">Word spacing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Vertical aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascender_(typography)" title="Ascender (typography)">Ascender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseline_(typography)" title="Baseline (typography)">Baseline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_height_(typography)" title="Body height (typography)">Body height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_height" title="Cap height">Cap height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descender" title="Descender">Descender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mean_line" title="Mean line">Mean line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overshoot_(typography)" title="Overshoot (typography)">Overshoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-height" title="X-height">x-height</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">Typeface<br /> classifications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_type" title="Roman type">Roman type</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">Serif</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiqua_(typeface_class)" title="Antiqua (typeface class)">Antiqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didone_(typography)" title="Didone (typography)">Didone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_serif" title="Slab serif">slab serif</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sans-serif" title="Sans-serif">Sans-serif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter type</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotunda_(script)" title="Rotunda (script)">Rotunda</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Schwabacher" title="Schwabacher">Schwabacher</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic type</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_script" title="Uncial script">Uncial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Specialist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Record_type" title="Record type">Record type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_typeface" title="Display typeface">Display typeface</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Script_typeface" title="Script typeface">script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_face" title="Fat face">fat face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse-contrast_typefaces" title="Reverse-contrast typefaces">reverse-contrast</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">Punctuation</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullet_(typography)" title="Bullet (typography)">Bullet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dash" title="Dash">Dash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanging_punctuation" title="Hanging punctuation">Hanging punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">Hyphen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyphen-minus" title="Hyphen-minus">minus sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpunct" title="Interpunct">Interpunct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)" title="Space (punctuation)">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_bar" title="Vertical bar">Vertical bar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">Typesetting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etaoin_shrdlu" title="Etaoin shrdlu">Etaoin shrdlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font" title="Font">Font</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_font" title="Computer font">computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monospaced_font" title="Monospaced font">monospaced</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_catalog" title="Font catalog">Font catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_position_only" title="For position only">For position only</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letterpress_printing" title="Letterpress printing">Letterpress</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lorem ipsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microprinting" title="Microprinting">Microprinting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtypography" title="Microtypography">Microtypography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movable_type" title="Movable type">Movable type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangram" title="Pangram">Pangram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phototypesetting" title="Phototypesetting">Phototypesetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punchcutting" title="Punchcutting">Punchcutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversing_type" title="Reversing type">Reversing type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sort_(typesetting)" title="Sort (typesetting)">Sort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_color" title="Type color">Type color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_design" title="Type design">Type design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">Typeface</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typefaces" title="List of typefaces">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Typographic_unit" title="Typographic unit">Typographic units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agate_(typography)" title="Agate (typography)">Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicero_(typography)" title="Cicero (typography)">Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Em_(typography)" title="Em (typography)">Em</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/En_(typography)" title="En (typography)">En</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_typographic_units" title="Metric typographic units">Metric units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pica_(typography)" title="Pica (typography)">Pica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_(typography)" title="Point (typography)">Point</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_point-size_names" title="Traditional point-size names">traditional point-size names</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twip" title="Twip">Twip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_typography" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital typography">Digital typography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">Character encoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_hinting" title="Font hinting">Hinting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_shaping" title="Text shaping">Text shaping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_rasterization" title="Font rasterization">Rasterization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographic_features" title="List of typographic features">Typographic features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_typography" title="Web typography">Web typography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9zier_curve#Fonts" title="Bézier curve">Bézier curves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">Desktop publishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Typography in other<br />writing systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_typography" title="Arabic typography">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_typography" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic typography">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PT_Fonts" title="PT Fonts">PT Fonts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_typography" title="East Asian typography">East Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_typography" title="Thai typography">Thai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Fonts" title="National Fonts">National Fonts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penmanship" title="Penmanship">Penmanship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handwriting" title="Handwriting">Handwriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handwriting_script" title="Handwriting script">Handwriting script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_guide" title="Style guide">Style guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_design" title="Type design">Type design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_foundry" title="Type foundry">Type foundry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Western_typography" title="History of Western typography">History of Western typography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_protection_of_typefaces" title="Intellectual property protection of typefaces">Intellectual property protection of typefaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_lettering" title="Technical lettering">Technical lettering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vox-ATypI_classification" title="Vox-ATypI classification">Vox-ATypI classification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related template</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_punctuation" title="Template:Navbox punctuation">Punctuation and other typographic symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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