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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Viktor Fëdorovič Bolchovitinov</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 10 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%88%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A4" title="ڤيكتور بولخوڤيتينوڤ - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ڤيكتور بولخوڤيتينوڤ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Болховитинов Виктор Федорович - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Болховитинов Виктор Федорович" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiktor_Fjodorowitsch_Bolchowitinow" title="Wiktor Fjodorowitsch Bolchowitinow - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wiktor Fjodorowitsch Bolchowitinow" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Bolkhovitinov" title="Viktor Bolkhovitinov - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Viktor Bolkhovitinov" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Bolhovitinov" title="Viktor Bolhovitinov - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viktor Bolhovitinov" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Bolkhovitinov" title="Viktor Bolkhovitinov - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Viktor Bolkhovitinov" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Bolkhovitinov" title="Viktor Bolkhovitinov - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Viktor Bolkhovitinov" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Болховитинов, Виктор Фёдорович - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Болховитинов, Виктор Фёдорович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Виктор Болховитинов - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Виктор Болховитинов" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Болховітінов Віктор Федорович - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Болховітінов Віктор Федорович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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title="Aiuto:Bibliografia">bibliografia</a> e/o dei <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Collegamenti_esterni" title="Wikipedia:Collegamenti esterni">collegamenti esterni</a>, manca la contestualizzazione delle fonti con <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Note" title="Aiuto:Note">note a piè di pagina</a> o altri riferimenti precisi che indichino puntualmente la provenienza delle informazioni. Puoi <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor_F%C3%ABdorovi%C4%8D_Bolchovitinov&action=edit">migliorare questa voce</a> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">citando le fonti</a> più precisamente. Segui i suggerimenti del <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Ingegneri" class="mw-redirect" title="Progetto:Ingegneri">progetto di riferimento</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktor_Fjodorowitsch_Bolchowitinow_jung.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Wiktor_Fjodorowitsch_Bolchowitinow_jung.jpg/220px-Wiktor_Fjodorowitsch_Bolchowitinow_jung.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Wiktor_Fjodorowitsch_Bolchowitinow_jung.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="445" /></a><figcaption>Viktor Fëdorovič Bolchovitinov</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Viktor Fëdorovič Bolchovitinov</b> (Виктор Фёдорович Болховитинов; <a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a>, <a href="/wiki/23_gennaio" title="23 gennaio">23 gennaio</a> <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mosca_(Russia)" title="Mosca (Russia)">Mosca</a>, <a href="/wiki/18_gennaio" title="18 gennaio">18 gennaio</a> <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>) è stato un <a href="/wiki/Ingegnere" title="Ingegnere">ingegnere</a> <a href="/wiki/Unione_Sovietica" title="Unione Sovietica">sovietico</a>, progettista di aeroplani ed ingegnere capo dell'ufficio tecnico (<a href="/wiki/OKB" title="OKB">OKB</a>) 293. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_F%C3%ABdorovi%C4%8D_Bolchovitinov&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_F%C3%ABdorovi%C4%8D_Bolchovitinov&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Viktor Fëdorovič Bolchovitinov nasce a <a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a> il 23 gennaio (4 febbraio secondo il calendario giuliano) <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a>. Si laurea presso l'Accademia Militare Aeronautica N. E. Žukovskij nel 1926. Nel 1936 progetta una versione modificata del bombardiere pesante Tupolev TB-3, designata DB-A. Il 12 agosto <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a> un esemplare di Bolchovitinov DB-A tentò di raggiungere <a href="/wiki/Fairbanks" title="Fairbanks">Fairbanks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, sorvolando il <a href="/wiki/Circolo_polare_artico" title="Circolo polare artico">circolo polare artico</a>. Purtroppo l'aereo precipitò al suolo causando la morte di tutto l'equipaggio. Nel 1937 diviene membro del Partito Comunista sovietico (CPSU). Nel 1938 progetta un piccolo aereo da combattimento, designato Bolchovitinov S, o "Spartak", dotato di due propulsori Klimov M-103 a 12 cilindri a V, raffreddati a liquido, azionanti eliche tripala metalliche coassiali. Lo sviluppo dell'aereo prevedeva la creazione di alcune versioni specifiche, ma a causa dello scoppio della guerra, nel 1939, ogni ulteriore sviluppo venne dapprima rallentato e successivamente cancellato. Nel 1940 l'ingegner Bolchovitinov assunse la direzione tecnica dell'ufficio sperimentale di progettazione OKB-293. Basato su un disegno dell'ingegner <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Jakovlevi%C4%8D_Bereznjak" title="Aleksandr Jakovlevič Bereznjak">Bereznjak</a>, alcuni anni più tardi Bolchovitinov, ispirato anche dal tentativo dell'istituto di ricerca NII-3 di costruire un autoreattore per la propulsione aerea, decise di costruire un aereo intercettore a corto raggio dotato di propulsione a razzo. La progettazione in dettaglio venne affidata agli ingegneri <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_%C3%82kovlevi%C4%8D_Berezn%C3%A2k" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr Âkovlevič Bereznâk">Bereznâk</a>, e A. M. Isaev. </p><p>L'<a href="/wiki/Aereo_da_caccia" title="Aereo da caccia">aereo da caccia</a> che ne risultò fu designato <a href="/wiki/Bereznjak-Isaev_BI" title="Bereznjak-Isaev BI">Bereznjak-Isaev BI</a>, primo aereo aereo da combattimento propulso da un motore a razzo, alimentato da propellente liquido, a venire realizzato in <a href="/wiki/Unione_Sovietica" title="Unione Sovietica">Unione Sovietica</a>. Il prototipo dell'aereo decollò per la prima volta il 15 maggio <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a>, ai comandi del pilota collaudatore Grigorij Bachčivandži. Dell'aereo vennero realizzati otto esemplari, impiegati per scopi sperimentali. </p><p>Nel 1944 l'ingegner A. G. Kostakov, direttore dell'istituto per la propulsione a razzo NII-3, venne arrestato. L'istituto di ricerca NII-3 e l'ufficio di progettazione OKB-293 furono incorporati nel nuovo istituto di ricerca per la propulsione, designato NII-1. L'ingegner Bolchovitinov ne fu nominato direttore. Nel 1946 la direzione della sua divisione, OKB-293, venne assegnata all'ingegner <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matus_Bisnovat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matus Bisnovat (la pagina non esiste)">Matus Bisnovat</a>, e divenne Zavod 293. Nel 1947 diviene dottore in scienze ingegneristiche e, nel 1949, professore a tempo pieno presso l'Accademia Militare di Ingegneria Aeronautica N. E. Žukovskij. In quegli anni l'ingegner Bolchovitinov fu autore di tutta una serie di lavori sull'ingegneria nell'aviazione. Venne insignito due volte dell'Ordine di Lenin, quattro volte in altri ordini, e ricevette svariate medaglie al merito. Successivamente viene promosso al grado di Maggior Generale del Servizio di Ingegneria aeronautica dell'aviazione sovietica. Muore a Mosca il 18 gennaio <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>, dove viene sepolto presso il cimitero Vvedenskij. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Progetti_e_realizzazioni">Progetti e realizzazioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_F%C3%ABdorovi%C4%8D_Bolchovitinov&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Progetti e realizzazioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_F%C3%ABdorovi%C4%8D_Bolchovitinov&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Progetti e realizzazioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolkhovitinov_DB-A" title="Bolkhovitinov DB-A">Bolkhovitinov DB-A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolkhovitinov_S_%22Spartak%22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bolkhovitinov S "Spartak" (la pagina non esiste)">Bolkhovitinov S "Spartak"</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_F%C3%ABdorovi%C4%8D_Bolchovitinov&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_F%C3%ABdorovi%C4%8D_Bolchovitinov&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Soviet_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Soviet Encyclopedia">Great Soviet Encyclopedia</a>, Vol.30, 3rd edition, Moscow, 1978, p. 579.</li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="russo">RU</abbr></span>) Michail Maslov, "Krylatyi Spartak" in: Poligon No.2/2000</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_F%C3%ABdorovi%C4%8D_Bolchovitinov&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_F%C3%ABdorovi%C4%8D_Bolchovitinov&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Viktor Bolkhovitinov"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Viktor_Bolkhovitinov?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Viktor_Bolkhovitinov?uselang=it">Viktor Fëdorovič Bolhovitinov</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_F%C3%ABdorovi%C4%8D_Bolchovitinov&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_F%C3%ABdorovi%C4%8D_Bolchovitinov&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Alexandre Savine, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120923043435/http://www.ctrl-c.liu.se/misc/ram/bolkhovitinov.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Victor Fedorovich Bolkhovitinov</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Russian Aviation Museum</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ctrl-c.liu.se/MISC/RAM/index.html">http://www.ctrl-c.liu.se/MISC/RAM/index.html</a>, 30 luglio 1996. <small>URL consultato il 27 settembre 2012</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.ctrl-c.liu.se/misc/ram/bolkhovitinov.html">url originale</abbr> il 23 settembre 2012)</small>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:G.91_best_fitting.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Aviazione"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/G.91_best_fitting.png/25px-G.91_best_fitting.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/G.91_best_fitting.png/38px-G.91_best_fitting.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/G.91_best_fitting.png/50px-G.91_best_fitting.png 2x" data-file-width="1393" data-file-height="1381" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Aviazione" title="Portale:Aviazione">Portale Aviazione</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Biografie"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/25px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Biografie" title="Portale:Biografie">Portale Biografie</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_kcontrol_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ingegneria"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Crystal_kcontrol_2.svg/23px-Crystal_kcontrol_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Crystal_kcontrol_2.svg/36px-Crystal_kcontrol_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Crystal_kcontrol_2.svg/47px-Crystal_kcontrol_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="93" data-file-height="99" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Ingegneria" title="Portale:Ingegneria">Portale Ingegneria</a></b></div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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