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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Centre_d’Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centre_d’Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Centre d’Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centre_d’Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saint_Soleil_School" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saint_Soleil_School"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Saint Soleil School</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saint_Soleil_School-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artibonite_artists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artibonite_artists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Artibonite artists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artibonite_artists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diaspora_outside_of_Haiti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diaspora_outside_of_Haiti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Diaspora outside of Haiti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diaspora_outside_of_Haiti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Market_painting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Market_painting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Market painting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Market_painting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sculpture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sculpture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sculpture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sculpture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sculpture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sculpture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Haitian_flag-making" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haitian_flag-making"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Haitian flag-making</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haitian_flag-making-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_Haiti_earthquake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_Haiti_earthquake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>2010 Haiti earthquake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_Haiti_earthquake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Expression of Haitian culture and history</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Haiti" title="Category:Haiti">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Haiti" title="Culture of Haiti">Culture of Haiti</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Haiti.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/80px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/120px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/160px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Haiti" title="History of Haiti">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Haitian_history" title="Timeline of Haitian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiefdoms_of_Hispaniola" title="Chiefdoms of Hispaniola">Taíno chiefdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">Captaincy General of Santo Domingo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Santo_Domingo" title="List of colonial governors of Santo Domingo">Colonial governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Maroons" class="mw-redirect" title="Haitian Maroons">Maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Ryswick" title="Peace of Ryswick">Peace of Ryswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Saint-Domingue" title="List of colonial governors of Saint-Domingue">Colonial governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Haiti" title="Slavery in Haiti">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Jeune_Case" title="Le Jeune Case">Le Jeune Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">Haitian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1804_Haiti_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="1804 Haiti massacre">1804 massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Empire_of_Haiti" title="First Empire of Haiti">First Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Haiti" title="State of Haiti">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Haiti" title="Kingdom of Haiti">Kingdom</a></li> <li>Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Haiti_(1806%E2%80%931820)" title="Republic of Haiti (1806–1820)">1806–1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Haiti_(1820%E2%80%931849)" title="Republic of Haiti (1820–1849)">1820–1849</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_occupation_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo">Unification of Hispaniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Second Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Haiti_(1859%E2%80%931957)" title="Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)">Post-imperial Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti" title="United States occupation of Haiti">U.S. occupation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvalier_dynasty" title="Duvalier dynasty">Duvalier dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Duvalier_protest_movement" title="Anti-Duvalier protest movement">Anti-Duvalier protest movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Haitian coup d'état">1991 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2004 Haitian coup d'état">2004 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="2010 Haiti earthquake">2010 earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_Haiti_cholera_outbreak" title="2010s Haiti cholera outbreak">2010s cholera outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Matthew_in_Haiti" title="Effects of Hurricane Matthew in Haiti">Hurricane Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_crisis_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Haitian crisis (2018–present)">Crisis (2018–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gang_war_in_Haiti" title="Gang war in Haiti">Gang war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Haitian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Haitian crisis">2022 crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haiti" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Haiti">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Haiti_earthquake" title="2021 Haiti earthquake">2021 earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_Haiti" title="List of massacres in Haiti">List of massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_revolutions_and_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_Haiti" title="List of revolutions and coups d'état in Haiti">List of revolutions and coups d'état</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Haiti">People</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Haiti">Languages</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole" title="Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Haitian_cuisine" title="Haitian cuisine">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Haiti" title="Religion in Haiti">Religion</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Art_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Haiti">Art</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Haiti">Literature</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Haiti" title="Music of Haiti">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Haiti">Media</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio in Haiti">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Haiti" title="Television in Haiti">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Haiti" title="Cinema of Haiti">Cinema</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Haiti">Sport</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Monuments</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Haiti" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Haiti">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Symbols</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Haiti" title="Flag of Haiti">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Haiti" title="Coat of arms of Haiti">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Haiti">National anthem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/16px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/24px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/32px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Haiti" title="Portal:Haiti">Haiti portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Haiti" title="Template:Culture of Haiti"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Haiti" title="Template talk:Culture of Haiti"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Haiti" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Haiti"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Haitian art</b> is a complex tradition, reflecting African roots with strong Indigenous, American and European aesthetic and religious influences. It is an important expression of <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haitian</a> culture and history. </p><p>Many artists cluster in "schools" of painting, such as the <a href="/wiki/Cap-Ha%C3%AFtien" title="Cap-Haïtien">Cap-Haïtien</a> school, which features depictions of daily life in the city, the <a href="/wiki/Jacmel" title="Jacmel">Jacmel</a> School, which reflects the steep mountains and bays of that coastal town, or the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Soleil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint-Soleil (page does not exist)">Saint-Soleil</a> School, which is characterized by abstracted human forms and is heavily influenced by <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">"Vaudou" symbolism</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Painting">Painting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_art&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Painting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Centre_d’Art"><span id="Centre_d.E2.80.99Art"></span>Centre d’Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_art&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Centre d’Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Centre_d%27Art" title="Centre d'Art">Centre d'Art</a> is an art center, school and gallery located in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. It was founded in 1944 by American watercolorist DeWitt Peters and several prominent Haitians from the intellectual and cultural circles including: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Borno" title="Maurice Borno">Maurice Borno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9e_Malebranche" title="Andrée Malebranche">Andrée Malebranche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Mangon%C3%A8s" title="Albert Mangonès">Albert Mangonès</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucien_Price_(artist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucien Price (artist) (page does not exist)">Lucien Price</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Remponeau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Remponeau (page does not exist)">Georges Remponeau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Popular artists of this movement often were influenced by <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">vaudou</a> and include: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Pierre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Pierre (page does not exist)">André Pierre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hector_Hippolyte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hector Hippolyte (page does not exist)">Hector Hippolyte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castera_Bazile" title="Castera Bazile">Castera Bazile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilson_Bigaud" title="Wilson Bigaud">Wilson Bigaud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rigaud_Benoit" title="Rigaud Benoit">Rigaud Benoit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haitian art is a type of artwork is often characterized by vivid colors, <a href="/wiki/Spatial_composition" title="Spatial composition">spatial composition</a> and spontaneity of painting.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saint_Soleil_School">Saint Soleil School</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_art&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Saint Soleil School"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saint Soleil School, also known as "Movement Saint-Soleil" was founded in 1973 as a rural arts community called Soisson-la-Montagne, in <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9tion-Ville" title="Pétion-Ville">Pétion-Ville</a>, Haiti.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This community was started by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Garoute" title="Jean-Claude Garoute">Jean-Claude Garoute</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maud_Robart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maud Robart (page does not exist)">Maud Robart</a> and they encouraged the academic study of painting, as well as maintaining influence by vaudou.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saint Soleil art is characterized by abstract human forms and the heavy influence of vaudou symbolism. </p><p>After Saint Soleil School disbanded, five remaining members of the school were renamed "Cinq Soleil" and include: <a href="/wiki/Levoy_Exil" title="Levoy Exil">Levoy Exil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prosper_Pierre_Louis" class="mw-redirect" title="Prosper Pierre Louis">Prosper Pierre Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiane_Saint_Fleurant" title="Louisiane Saint Fleurant">Louisiane Saint Fleurant</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dieuseul_Paul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dieuseul Paul (page does not exist)">Dieuseul Paul</a>, Denis Smith.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A second generation member is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magda_Magloire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magda Magloire (page does not exist)">Magda Magloire</a>, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Louisiane_Saint_Fleurant" title="Louisiane Saint Fleurant">Louisiane Saint Fleurant</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artibonite_artists">Artibonite artists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_art&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Artibonite artists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The painters of the <a href="/wiki/Artibonite_(department)" title="Artibonite (department)">Artibonite</a> department in north-western Haiti, where <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4pital_Albert_Schweitzer_Haiti" title="Hôpital Albert Schweitzer Haiti">Hôpital Albert Schweitzer</a> is located, have developed their own style, which is quite recognizable. The style began with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saincilus_Isma%C3%ABl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saincilus Ismaël (page does not exist)">Saincilus Ismaël</a> (1940–2000), who was influenced by Byzantine art he had seen in books. Ismaël began to paint in 1956 after visiting the <a href="/wiki/Centre_d%27Art" title="Centre d'Art">Centre d'Art</a> in <a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a>. His paintings are marked by exquisite detail. Every article of clothing, house, or tree is painted with a different intricate geometric pattern. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%A9louis_Jean-Louis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Délouis Jean-Louis (page does not exist)">Délouis Jean-Louis</a> grew up in Petite Rivière under the influence of Ismaël. Although he worked under Ismaël for 15 years, he never had formal painting lessons. He began painting to make money, but gradually began to paint carefully executed scenes from his imagination. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alix_Dorl%C3%A9us&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alix Dorléus (page does not exist)">Alix Dorléus</a> also learned to paint with Ismaël and Mrs. Mellon. He paints all day long and will paint anywhere he feels the spirit to motivate him. His best paintings are detailed depictions, like activity maps, of daily life in the Artibonite Valley. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Louizor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Louizor (page does not exist)">Ernst Louizor</a> is considered one of the best impressionist painters of Haiti.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Louizor was born in Port-au-Prince on 16 October 1938. After high school (Lycée Toussaint L'Ouverture '57), he worked in the tax section of Customs. Louizor's painting career began in 1951, when at the age of 13 he joined the Centre d'Art and studied under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilmino_Domond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilmino Domond (page does not exist)">Wilmino Domond</a>. He later entered the Académie des Beaux-Arts shortly after its founding in 1959 and furthered his studies with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Remponeau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Remponeau (page does not exist)">Georges Remponeau</a>. Louizor has many disciples including his wife <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerda_Louizor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerda Louizor (page does not exist)">Gerda Louizor</a>. He has exhibited in Europe and the United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diaspora_outside_of_Haiti">Diaspora outside of Haiti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_art&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Diaspora outside of Haiti"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Notable artists of Haitian descent and members of the diaspora include <a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Basquiat" title="Jean-Michel Basquiat">Jean-Michel Basquiat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hersza_Barjon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hersza Barjon (page does not exist)">Hersza Barjon</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Registre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Registre (page does not exist)">Ernst Registre</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Market_painting">Market painting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_art&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Market painting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Market painting is a Haitian archetype, originating with Laurent Casimir. It typically depicts a Haitian market and is done in the trademark colors of Casimir red, yellow and orange. The motive is often dense with people. These paintings were mass-produced by <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Casimir" title="Laurent Casimir">Laurent Casimir</a> and his apprentices in the mid-1970s, all signed by Casimir.<sup id="cite_ref-Galerie_Macondo_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Galerie_Macondo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (June 2020)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This archetype is later taken up by contemporary Haitian artist like Jean-Louis, many of which studied under Laurent Casimir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sculpture">Sculpture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_art&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sculpture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is evidence that sculpture from the <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Tainos</a> in Haiti existed in the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian era</a> and they would create dolls, drawings, signs.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is speculated by researchers that these sculptures may have been representing their deities (maybe the ancestors of the <a href="/wiki/Veve" title="Veve">vèvè</a> in <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">vaudou</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contemporary Haitian sculpture is made of natural materials, traditional art mediums, and recycled materials. </p><p>"Haitian Steel Drum Sculpture" – The village of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Noailles,_Haiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noailles, Haiti (page does not exist)">Noailles</a> in <a href="/wiki/Croix-des-Bouquets" title="Croix-des-Bouquets">Croix-des-Bouquets</a> is home to more than a dozen artisan workshops producing countless pieces for over two decades. The work is created out of recycled oil drums. In August 2011, the Clinton Global Initiative along with Greif Inc., donated 40 tons of scrap metal to the artists in Croix-des-Bouquets. After the earthquake in 2010, artists had a difficult time finding material to work from. According to Deputy Jean Tholbert Alexis, 8,000 people in the area are directly or indirectly benefit from the villages' artisans.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Haitian_flag-making">Haitian flag-making</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_art&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Haitian flag-making"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Flags most often commemorate specific spirits or saints, but the 2010 Haiti earthquake has become a common subject of art flags. The use of sequins in these flags became prevalent in the 1940s, and many of today's flags cover the entire flag in colored sequins and beads. These flags are traded as art by dealers around the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2010_Haiti_earthquake">2010 Haiti earthquake</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_art&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2010 Haiti earthquake"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 12 January 2010 a <a href="/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="2010 Haiti earthquake">devastating earthquake</a> struck Port-au-Prince and its surrounding area and resulted in mass devastation.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_Haiti_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS_Haiti-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Haitian <a href="/wiki/Art_world" title="Art world">art world</a> suffered great losses in the earthquake. Museums and art galleries were extensively damaged, among them Port-au-Prince's main art museum, <a href="/wiki/Centre_d%27Art" title="Centre d'Art">Centre d'Art</a>, where many art works were destroyed. The collection at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coll%C3%A8ge_Saint_Pierre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collège Saint Pierre (page does not exist)">Collège Saint Pierre</a> also was devastated, as was the collection of priceless murals in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Cathedral,_Port-au-Prince" title="Holy Trinity Cathedral, Port-au-Prince">Holy Trinity Cathedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lat124_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lat124-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some private art galleries were also severely damaged, including the Monnin Gallery in Pétion-Ville,<sup id="cite_ref-lat124_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lat124-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Nader Art Gallery and Musée Nader in Port-au-Prince. The personal collection of Georges Nader Sr, the Nader collection was worth an estimated US$30-US$100 million. Shortly after the earthquake struck, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> assigned special envoy Bernard Hadjadj to evaluate damage to artwork.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj125_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj125-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>, led by Under Secretary <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kurin" title="Richard Kurin">Richard Kurin</a>, and with the assistance of the U.S. Embassy in Port-au-Prince and the Government of Haiti among others, embarked on a multiyear project and survey to help restore key Haitian cultural treasures and train local Haitians on art preservation and recovery techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_art&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBenson2016" class="citation book cs1">Benson, LeGrace (2016). "Malebranche, Andrée (1916–2013)". In Knight, Franklin W.; Gates Jr., Henry Louis (eds.). <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Caribbean_and_Afro-Latin_American_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictionary of Caribbean and Afro-Latin American Biography"><i>Dictionary of Caribbean and Afro–Latin American Biography</i></a>. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-199-93580-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-199-93580-2"><bdi>978-0-199-93580-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Malebranche%2C+Andr%C3%A9e+%281916%E2%80%932013%29&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Caribbean+and+Afro%E2%80%93Latin+American+Biography&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-199-93580-2&rft.aulast=Benson&rft.aufirst=LeGrace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaitian+art" class="Z3988"></span>  – via <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/">Oxford University Press</a>'s Reference Online <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090802223359/http://www.discoverhaiti.com/artsynop.htm">"A History of Haitian Art"</a>. <i>DiscoverHaiti.com</i>. 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discoverhaiti.com/artsynop.htm">the original</a> on 2 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DiscoverHaiti.com&rft.atitle=A+History+of+Haitian+Art&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discoverhaiti.com%2Fartsynop.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaitian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://okhaiti.com/saint-soleil-movement/">"Saint Soleil Movement"</a>. <i>Ok Haiti</i>. 23 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ok+Haiti&rft.atitle=Saint+Soleil+Movement&rft.date=2016-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fokhaiti.com%2Fsaint-soleil-movement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaitian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Galerie_Macondo-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Galerie_Macondo_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artshaitian.com/Pages/haitianartcasimir.html">"Galerie Macondo"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Galerie+Macondo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artshaitian.com%2FPages%2Fhaitianartcasimir.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaitian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150529220137/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/americas/clinton-foundation-makes-first-loan-to-haiti-craft-business-under-new-program/2011/08/16/gIQAtvVeJJ_story.html">"Clinton Foundation makes first loan to Haiti craft business under new program to boost economy"</a>. Associated Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/americas/clinton-foundation-makes-first-loan-to-haiti-craft-business-under-new-program/2011/08/16/gIQAtvVeJJ_story.html">the original</a> on 29 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Clinton+Foundation+makes+first+loan+to+Haiti+craft+business+under+new+program+to+boost+economy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fclinton-foundation-makes-first-loan-to-haiti-craft-business-under-new-program%2F2011%2F08%2F16%2FgIQAtvVeJJ_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaitian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGS_Haiti-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USGS_Haiti_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100115110510/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010rja6/">"USGS Magnitude 7.0 – HAITI REGION"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010rja6/">the original</a> on 15 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USGS+Magnitude+7.0+%E2%80%93+HAITI+REGION&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fearthquakes%2Feqinthenews%2F2010%2Fus2010rja6%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaitian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lat124-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lat124_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lat124_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTracy_Wilkinson2010" class="citation news cs1">Tracy Wilkinson (24 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nation-and-world/la-fg-haiti-artists24-2010jan24,0,5707519.story">"A cultural agony in a nation where art is life"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=A+cultural+agony+in+a+nation+where+art+is+life&rft.date=2010-01-24&rft.au=Tracy+Wilkinson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fnation-and-world%2Fla-fg-haiti-artists24-2010jan24%2C0%2C5707519.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaitian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wsj125-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wsj125_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPooja_Bhatia2010" class="citation news cs1">Pooja Bhatia (25 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703837004575013022647688144?mod=WSJ_World_MIDDLENews#project%3DSLIDESHOW08%26s%3DSB10001424052748704509704575019672638040644%26articleTabs%3Darticle">"Art Trove Is Among Nation's Losses"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Art+Trove+Is+Among+Nation%27s+Losses&rft.date=2010-01-25&rft.au=Pooja+Bhatia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052748703837004575013022647688144%3Fmod%3DWSJ_World_MIDDLENews%23project%253DSLIDESHOW08%2526s%253DSB10001424052748704509704575019672638040644%2526articleTabs%253Darticle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaitian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://haiti.si.edu/">"Haiti Cultural Recovery Project - Cultural Recovery Center"</a>. <i>haiti.si.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=haiti.si.edu&rft.atitle=Haiti+Cultural+Recovery+Project+-+Cultural+Recovery+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhaiti.si.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHaitian+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haitian_art&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Museum Collections </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huntington_Museum_of_Art" title="Huntington Museum of Art">Huntington Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collection.mam.org/">Milwaukee Art Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waterloocenterforthearts.org/">Waterloo Center for the Arts</a></li></ul> <p>Films </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130125151350/http://arnoldantoninfilms.hostedbyamazon.com/Art-Documentaries/b/3488936011?ie=UTF8&title=Art+Documentaries">List of films on Haitian artists and Haitian art</a> by <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Antonin" title="Arnold Antonin">Arnold Antonin</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Haiti_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Haiti_topics" title="Template:Haiti topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Haiti_topics" title="Template talk:Haiti topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Haiti_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Haiti topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Haiti_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Haiti-related_articles" title="Index of Haiti-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Haiti" title="History of Haiti">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Haitian_history" title="Timeline of Haitian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiefdoms_of_Hispaniola" title="Chiefdoms of Hispaniola">Taíno chiefdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">Captaincy General of Santo Domingo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Santo_Domingo" title="List of colonial governors of Santo Domingo">Colonial governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Maroons" class="mw-redirect" title="Haitian Maroons">Maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Ryswick" title="Peace of Ryswick">Peace of Ryswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Saint-Domingue" title="List of colonial governors of Saint-Domingue">Colonial governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Haiti" title="Slavery in Haiti">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Jeune_Case" title="Le Jeune Case">Le Jeune Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">Haitian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1804_Haiti_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="1804 Haiti massacre">1804 massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Empire_of_Haiti" title="First Empire of Haiti">First Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Haiti" title="State of Haiti">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Haiti" title="Kingdom of Haiti">Kingdom</a></li> <li>Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Haiti_(1806%E2%80%931820)" title="Republic of Haiti (1806–1820)">1806–1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Haiti_(1820%E2%80%931849)" title="Republic of Haiti (1820–1849)">1820–1849</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_occupation_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo">Unification of Hispaniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Second Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Haiti_(1859%E2%80%931957)" title="Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)">Post-imperial Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti" title="United States occupation of Haiti">U.S. occupation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvalier_dynasty" title="Duvalier dynasty">Duvalier dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Duvalier_protest_movement" title="Anti-Duvalier protest movement">Anti-Duvalier protest movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Haitian coup d'état">1991 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2004 Haitian coup d'état">2004 coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake" title="2010 Haiti earthquake">2010 earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_Haiti_cholera_outbreak" title="2010s Haiti cholera outbreak">2010s cholera outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Matthew_in_Haiti" title="Effects of Hurricane Matthew in Haiti">Hurricane Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_crisis_(2018%E2%80%93present)" title="Haitian crisis (2018–present)">Crisis (2018–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gang_war_in_Haiti" title="Gang war in Haiti">Gang war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Haitian_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Haitian crisis">2022 crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haiti" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Haiti">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Haiti_earthquake" title="2021 Haiti earthquake">2021 earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_Haiti" title="List of massacres in Haiti">List of massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_revolutions_and_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_Haiti" title="List of revolutions and coups d'état in Haiti">List of revolutions and coups d'état</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Haiti" title="Geography of Haiti">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Haiti" title="Administrative divisions of Haiti">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_Haiti" title="Arrondissements of Haiti">Arrondissements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93Haiti_border" title="Dominican Republic–Haiti border">Border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Haiti" title="List of cities in Haiti">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Haiti" title="Deforestation in Haiti">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Haiti" title="Departments of Haiti">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Haiti" title="List of earthquakes in Haiti">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Haiti" title="Environment of Haiti">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Haiti" title="List of islands of Haiti">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Haiti" title="List of national parks of Haiti">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Haiti" title="List of rivers of Haiti">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Haiti" title="Wildlife of Haiti">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Caribbean" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Caribbean">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Haiti" title="Politics of Haiti">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Haiti" title="Constitution of Haiti">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Haiti" title="Elections in Haiti">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Haiti" title="Foreign relations of Haiti">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Haiti" title="Government of Haiti">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Haiti" title="Human rights in Haiti">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Haiti">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Haiti" title="Law enforcement in Haiti">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Haiti" title="Armed Forces of Haiti">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_commanders-in-chief_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Haiti" title="List of commanders-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Haiti">Commanders-in-chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Haiti)" title="National Assembly (Haiti)">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Haiti)" title="Senate (Haiti)">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Haiti)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Haiti)">Chamber of Deputies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Haiti">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Haiti" title="President of Haiti">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Haiti" title="List of heads of state of Haiti">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Haiti" title="Prime Minister of Haiti">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Haiti" title="List of prime ministers of Haiti">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Haiti" title="Supreme Court of Haiti">Supreme Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Haiti" title="Economy of Haiti">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Haiti" title="Agriculture in Haiti">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_Republic_of_Haiti" title="Bank of the Republic of Haiti">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_debt_of_Haiti" title="External debt of Haiti">External debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Haiti" title="Foreign aid to Haiti">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_gourde" title="Haitian gourde">Gourde <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Haiti" title="Poverty in Haiti">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Haiti" title="Telecommunications in Haiti">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Haiti" title="Tourism in Haiti">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Haiti" title="Transport in Haiti">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Haiti" title="Category:Society of Haiti">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Haiti" title="Crime in Haiti">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Haiti" title="Demographics of Haiti">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Haiti" title="Education in Haiti">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Haiti" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Haiti">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Haiti" title="Health in Haiti">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Haiti" title="Religion in Haiti">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Haitians" title="List of Haitians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_Haiti" title="Social class in Haiti">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Haiti" title="Squatting in Haiti">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Haiti" title="Water supply and sanitation in Haiti">Water and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Haiti" title="Culture of Haiti">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Haiti" title="Coat of arms of Haiti">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Haiti" title="Cinema of Haiti">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citadelle_Laferri%C3%A8re" title="Citadelle Laferrière">Citadelle Laferrière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_cuisine" title="Haitian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Haiti" title="Flag of Haiti">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Haiti">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole" title="Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_French" title="Haitian French">Haitian French</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_literature" title="Haitian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Haiti" title="Mass media in Haiti">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Haiti" title="Music of Haiti">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_mythology" title="Haitian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Dessalinienne" title="La Dessalinienne">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sans-Souci_Palace" title="Sans-Souci Palace">Sans-Souci Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Haiti" title="Public holidays in Haiti">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Haiti" title="Television in Haiti">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Marron_Inconnu" title="Le Marron Inconnu">The Unknown Maroon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Haiti" title="Outline of Haiti">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Haiti-related_articles" title="Index of Haiti-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Haiti" title="Category:Haiti">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Haiti" title="Portal:Haiti">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="North_American_art" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_American_topic" title="Template:North American topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_American_topic" title="Template talk:North American topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_American_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North American topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="North_American_art" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North American art</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigua and Barbuda art">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahamian_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahamian art (page does not exist)">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbadian_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbadian art (page does not exist)">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Belizean art">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_art" title="Canadian art">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Costa Rican art">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_art" title="Cuban art">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominica_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominica art (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican Republic art">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvadoran art">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenadian_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grenadian art (page does not exist)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_art" title="Guatemalan art">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_art" title="Honduran art">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_art" title="Jamaican art">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_art" title="Mexican art">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicaraguan art">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Panamanian art">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis art (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Lucian_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Lucian art (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines art (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinidad_and_Tobago_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trinidad and Tobago art (page does not exist)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_art" class="mw-redirect" title="American art">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anguillan_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anguillan art (page does not exist)">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aruban_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aruban art (page does not exist)">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bermudian_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bermudian art (page does not exist)">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonairean_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonairean art (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Virgin_Island_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Virgin Island art (page does not exist)">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caymanian_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caymanian art (page does not exist)">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cura%C3%A7aoan_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curaçaoan art (page does not exist)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenlandic art">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadeloupean_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guadeloupean art (page does not exist)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martinican_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martinican art (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montserratian_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montserratian art (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_art" title="Puerto Rican art">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Barthélemy art (page does not exist)">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Martiner_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Martiner art (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon art (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saban_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saban art (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sint_Eustatius_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sint Eustatius art (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sint_Maartener_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sint Maartener art (page does not exist)">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turks_and_Caicos_Islander_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turks and Caicos Islander art (page does not exist)">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Virgin_Island_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Virgin Island art (page does not exist)">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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